Difference between revisions of "Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/Prepositions"

From Polyglot Club WIKI
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Quick edit)
 
m (Quick edit)
 
(4 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Telling-Time|◀️ Telling Time — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/Past-Tense|Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️]]
|}
</span>


{{Standard-estonian-Page-Top}}
{{Standard-estonian-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Standard-estonian|Standard Estonian]]  → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Prepositions</div>
Welcome to our lesson on '''Prepositions''' in Standard Estonian! Prepositions are essential building blocks in any language, and they help us express relationships between different elements in a sentence. Whether you are describing a location, a time, or a manner of doing something, prepositions are key to providing clarity and depth to your communication.
In this lesson, we will cover:
* '''What are prepositions?'''
* '''How do they work with different cases?'''


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Standard-estonian|Standard Estonian]]  → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Prepositions and Conjunctions → Prepositions</div>
* '''Common Estonian prepositions and their meanings'''
 
* '''Examples to illustrate their usage'''
 
* '''Practice exercises to reinforce your learning'''
 
By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to use prepositions in Estonian sentences, setting a strong foundation for your language skills.


__TOC__
__TOC__


<h1>Prepositions in Estonian</h1>
=== What are Prepositions? ===
 
Prepositions are words that link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words in a sentence. They often indicate relationships in terms of location, time, direction, and purpose. Understanding prepositions is crucial because they can change the meaning of a sentence significantly.
 
For instance, in English, the difference between "on the table" and "under the table" illustrates how prepositions can convey distinct spatial relationships. In Estonian, the same principle applies, and mastering these small words will greatly enhance your ability to communicate effectively.
 
=== Prepositions and Cases ===
 
In Estonian, prepositions are typically used with specific grammatical cases. The most commonly used cases with prepositions are the '''genitive''', '''partitive''', and '''inessive'''.
 
* '''Genitive Case''': Often used to indicate possession or origin.
 
* '''Partitive Case''': Used when referring to a part of something or an indefinite quantity.
 
* '''Inessive Case''': Indicates the location "in" or "inside."


<p>Prepositions are important words in Estonian that express relationships between different words in a sentence. They usually indicate direction, location, or time. In Estonian, prepositions are always followed by a noun or a pronoun in a specific case. The case used depends on the meaning of the preposition and the context of the sentence. In this lesson, we will learn about the different prepositions in Estonian, their usage, and their role in expressing relationships between words.</p>
Let’s explore how prepositions interact with these cases using examples.


<h2>Usage of Prepositions</h2>
== Common Estonian Prepositions ==


<p>Prepositions in Estonian, like in other languages, are used to give more information about the relationships between different parts of a sentence. They can be used to show:</p>
Here’s a table of some common Estonian prepositions along with their meanings:


<ul>
{| class="wikitable"
  <li>Location: <em>Maja ees</em> (in front of the house)</li>
  <li>Movement: <em>Merre ujuma</em> (swimming into the sea)</li>
  <li>Time: <em>Suvel</em> (in the summer)</li>
  <li>Direction: <em>Ta astus tuppa</em> (he entered the room)</li>
  <li>Relationships between actions or events: <em>Pärast tööd</em> (after work)</li>
</ul>


<p>Note that in Estonian, prepositions are followed by nouns or pronouns in a specific case. The case used depends on the meaning of the preposition and the context of the sentence.</p>
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English


<h2>Prepositions with Cases</h2>
|-


<p>In Estonian, prepositions are used with different cases depending on their meaning. Here is a list of some prepositions and the cases they usually take:</p>
| '''ka''' || [kɑ] || also


<table class="wikitable">
|-
  <tr>
    <th>Preposition</th>
    <th>Case Used</th>
    <th>Example</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td><em>Alla</em></td>
    <td>Illative (in)</td>
    <td><em>Alla tulema</em> (come down)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td><em>Juures</em></td>
    <td>Adessive (at, with)</td>
    <td><em>Juures olema</em> (to be with)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td><em>Kõrval</em></td>
    <td>Genitive (next to, beside)</td>
    <td><em>Kõrval seisma</em> (stand beside)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td><em>Kuni</em></td>
    <td>Illative (until)</td>
    <td><em>Kuni homseni</em> (until tomorrow)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td><em>Läbi</em></td>
    <td>Partitive (through, by)</td>
    <td><em>Läbi metsa</em> (through the forest)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td><em>Nagu</em></td>
    <td>Nominative (like, as)</td>
    <td><em>Nagu isa, nii poeg</em> (like father, like son)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td><em>Pele</em></td>
    <td>Elative (from)</td>
    <td><em>Pele tulema</em> (come from)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td><em>Pärast</em></td>
    <td>Genitive (after)</td>
    <td><em>Pärast tööd</em> (after work)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td><em>Sisse</em></td>
    <td>Inessive (in)</td>
    <td><em>Sisse minema</em> (go inside)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td><em>Vastu</em></td>
    <td>Adessive (against)</td>
    <td><em>Vastu seisma</em> (stand against)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td><em>Välja</em></td>
    <td>Illative (out of)</td>
    <td><em>Välja minema</em> (go out of)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td><em>Ära</em></td>
    <td>Illative (away from)</td>
    <td><em>Ära jooksma</em> (run away from)</td>
  </tr>
</table>


<p>Note that this list is not comprehensive, and the same preposition may be used with different cases depending on the context of the sentence. It is important to study and practice the use of prepositions to gain a better understanding of their meanings and the cases they take.</p>
| '''ilma''' || [il.mɑ] || without


<h2>Examples of Prepositions</h2>
|-


<p>Here are some examples of prepositions in Estonian and their use with different cases:</p>
| '''enne''' || [ˈɛnːe] || before


<h3>Example 1</h3>
|-


<p><em>Ma olen pargis</em> (I am in the park)</p>
| '''pärast''' || [ˈpɑ.rɑst] || after


<ul>
|-
  <li><em>Pargis</em> is in the elative case, indicating location</li>
  <li><em>Ma</em> is in the nominative case, indicating the subject of the sentence</li>
</ul>


<h3>Example 2</h3>
| '''peal''' || [peːl] || on


<p><em>Ma lähen randa</em> (I am going to the beach)</p>
|-


<ul>
| '''alla''' || [ˈɑl.lɑ] || under
  <li><em>Randa</em> is in the illative case, indicating direction/movement</li>
  <li><em>Ma</em> is in the nominative case, indicating the subject of the sentence</li>
</ul>


<h3>Example 3</h3>
|-


<p><em>Tema räägib eesti keeles</em> (He speaks in Estonian)</p>
| '''üle''' || [ˈy.le] || over


<ul>
|-
  <li><em>Eesti keeles</em> is in the adessive case, indicating language</li>
  <li><em>Tema</em> is in the nominative case, indicating the subject of the sentence</li>
</ul>


<h3>Example 4</h3>
| '''sees''' || [seːs] || inside


<p><em>Auto seisab maja kõrval</em> (The car is parked beside the house)</p>
|-


<ul>
| '''kõrval''' || [ˈkœr.vɑl] || next to
  <li><em>Maja kõrval</em> is in the genitive case, indicating location</li>
  <li><em>Auto</em> is in the nominative case, indicating the subject of the sentence</li>
</ul>


<h2>Practice Exercises</h2>
|-


<p>Here are some practice exercises to help you understand and use prepositions correctly in Estonian:</p>
| '''taga''' || [ˈtɑ.gɑ] || behind


<h3>Exercise 1</h3>
|}


<p>Complete the following sentences with the correct preposition:</p>
=== Usage of Prepositions in Sentences ===


<ol>
Let’s look at how these prepositions function in sentences. Below are some examples showcasing how prepositions work with different cases:
  <li><em>Ma ostan pitsa</em> <blank>online</blank>.</li>
  <li><em>Kassi sööb hiir</em> <blank>tagavaraks</blank>.</li>
  <li><em>Ta eksib tihti</em> <blank>linnas</blank>.</li>
  <li><em>Lapsed ujuvad</em> <blank>meres</blank>.</li>
  <li><em>Ma lähen</em> <blank>tööle</blank>.</li>
</ol>


<table class="wikitable">
{| class="wikitable"
  <tr>
    <th>Preposition</th>
    <th>Case Used</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Online</td>
    <td>Inessive (in/on)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Tagavaraks</td>
    <td>Illative (for)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Linnas</td>
    <td>Inessive (in)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Meres</td>
    <td>Inessive (in)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Tööle</td>
    <td>Illative (to)</td>
  </tr>
</table>


<h3>Exercise 2</h3>
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English


<p>Create 5 sentences using prepositions and their appropriate cases. Be creative!</p>
|-


<ul>
| '''Raamat on laua peal.''' || ['rɑː.mɑt ɔn 'lɑʊ.a 'peːl] || The book is on the table.
  <li><blank># 1</blank></li>
  <li><blank># 2</blank></li>
  <li><blank># 3</blank></li>
  <li><blank># 4</blank></li>
  <li><blank># 5</blank></li


{{Standard-estonian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
|-
 
| '''Ma lähen koju ilma rahata.''' || [mɑ 'lɛhɛn 'koju 'il.mɑ 'rɑhɑ.tɑ] || I am going home without money.
 
|-
 
| '''Kohtume enne lõunat.''' || ['kɔh.tu.me 'ɛn.nɛ 'lœ.u.nɑt] || We will meet before lunch.
 
|-
 
| '''Pärast tööd, ma lähen koju.''' || ['pɑ.rɑst 'tøːd, mɑ 'lɛhɛn 'koju] || After work, I will go home.
 
|-
 
| '''Kass on tooli taga.''' || [kɑs ɔn 'toː.li 'tɑ.gɑ] || The cat is behind the chair.
 
|-
 
| '''Üks joon on seina sees.''' || [ʊks 'joːn ɔn 'seɪ.nɑ 'seːs] || One line is inside the wall.
 
|-
 
| '''Meie maja on kõrvalhoovis.''' || [ˈmei.jə 'mɑ.jɑ ɔn 'kœr.vɑl'hɔ.vɪs] || Our house is next to the garden.
 
|-
 
| '''Käime jõe ääres.''' || [ˈkæi.me 'jœ.ɛː.rɛs] || We walk by the river.
 
|-
 
| '''Pall on õhus.''' || [pɑl.l ɔn 'ɤ.hus] || The ball is in the air.
 
|-
 
| '''Raamat on laua all.''' || ['rɑː.mɑt ɔn 'lɑʊ.a 'ɑl] || The book is under the table.
 
|}
 
=== Examples of Prepositions with Different Cases ===
 
Let’s dive deeper into how different cases interact with prepositions.
 
1. '''Genitive Case'''
 
* '''Kohvi ilma suhkruta.''' (Coffee without sugar.)
 
* '''Tüdruku kott.''' (The girl's bag.)
 
2. '''Partitive Case'''
 
* '''Ma tahan puuvilju.''' (I want fruits.)
 
* '''Vaatame filmi.''' (Let’s watch a movie.)
 
3. '''Inessive Case'''
 
* '''Ma olen toas.''' (I am in the room.)
 
* '''Raamat on laua peal.''' (The book is on the table.)
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Preposition !! Case !! Example in Estonian !! English Translation
 
|-
 
| '''ilma''' || Genitive || '''Ma tulen ilma raha.''' || I come without money.
 
|-
 
| '''ka''' || Partitive || '''Ma tahan ka kooki.''' || I want cake too.
 
|-
 
| '''peal''' || Inessive || '''Kass on laua peal.''' || The cat is on the table.
 
|}
 
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now it's time to put what you've learned into practice! Below are some exercises to help reinforce your understanding of prepositions.
 
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Complete the sentences by using the correct prepositions from the box below: (ka, ilma, peale, enne, pärast)
 
1. Ma lähen ______ tööle.
 
2. ______ seal on palju inimesi.
 
3. Me sööme ______ lõunat.
 
4. Ta tuli ______ raha.
 
5. Koer on ______ muru.
 
''Solutions:''
 
1. Ma lähen '''enne''' tööle.
 
2. '''Seal''' on palju inimesi.
 
3. Me sööme '''pärast''' lõunat.
 
4. Ta tuli '''ilma''' raha.
 
5. Koer on '''peal''' muru.
 
==== Exercise 2: Translation ====
 
Translate the following sentences into Estonian.
 
1. The book is under the table.
 
2. I am going home without my bag.
 
3. We will meet before dinner.
 
''Solutions:''
 
1. Raamat on laua all.
 
2. Ma lähen koju ilma kotita.
 
3. Me kohtume enne õhtusööki.
 
==== Exercise 3: Matching ====
 
Match the prepositions with their meanings.
 
| Estonian Preposition | Meaning |
 
|----------------------|---------|
 
| 1. ilma              | A. before |
 
| 2. pärast            | B. without |
 
| 3. peal              | C. on |
 
''Solutions:''
 
1 - B (ilma - without)
 
2 - A (pärast - after)
 
3 - C (peal - on)
 
==== Exercise 4: Sentence Creation ====
 
Create sentences using the following prepositions: (ka, kõrval, sees)
 
1. ______
 
2. ______
 
3. ______
 
''Solutions:''
 
1. Ma tahan ka õuna. (I want an apple too.)
 
2. Raamat on laua kõrval. (The book is next to the table.)
 
3. Lapsed on toas sees. (The kids are inside the room.)
 
==== Exercise 5: Error Correction ====
 
Identify and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
 
1. Ma olen laua peal.
 
2. Kass on tooli kõrval.
 
3. Ta tuli ilma rahad.
 
''Solutions:''
 
1. Ma olen '''laud''' peal. (I am on the table.)
 
2. Kass on '''tool''' kõrval. (The cat is next to the chair.)
 
3. Ta tuli ilma '''rahata'''. (He came without money.)
 
==== Exercise 6: Choose the Correct Preposition ====
 
Select the correct preposition for each sentence.
 
1. Ma panin raamatu ______ lauale. (ka / peale)
 
2. Me joome teed ______ suhkruga. (ilma / ka)
 
3. Koer on ______ aia taga. (kõrval / taga)
 
''Solutions:''
 
1. Ma panin raamatu '''peale''' lauale. (I put the book on the table.)
 
2. Me joome teed '''ka''' suhkruga. (We drink tea with sugar.)
 
3. Koer on '''aia''' taga. (The dog is behind the fence.)
 
==== Exercise 7: Preposition Practice ====
 
Write a short paragraph (3-5 sentences) about your day using at least three different prepositions.
 
''Solutions:''
 
Example:
 
'''Today, I went to the market. I bought fruits without sugar. The apples are on the table.'''
 
==== Exercise 8: Dialogues ====
 
Create a short dialogue using prepositions.
 
''Solutions:''
 
Example:
 
A: Kus on su raamat? (Where is your book?)
 
B: Raamat on laua peal. (The book is on the table.)
 
==== Exercise 9: Preposition Quiz ====
 
Answer the following questions about prepositions:
 
1. What preposition do you use to express "without" in Estonian?
 
2. Which case is used with the preposition "peal"?
 
''Solutions:''
 
1. '''ilma''' (without)
 
2. '''Inessive case''' (used with "peal")
 
==== Exercise 10: Creative Writing ====
 
Write a short story (5-7 sentences) using at least five different prepositions.
 
''Solutions:''
 
Example:
 
'''Yesterday, I walked by the river. I saw a beautiful bird flying over the trees. The sun was shining brightly in the sky. My friend was sitting on the bench beside me. We talked about our plans for the weekend.'''
 
As you complete these exercises, remember that practice is key to mastering prepositions. The more you engage with the language, the more fluent you will become!
 
In this lesson, we’ve covered a significant aspect of Standard Estonian grammar: prepositions. You now have the tools to express relationships in various contexts, which is essential for effective communication. Keep practicing, and soon, using prepositions will become second nature to you.
 
{{#seo:
 
|title=Standard Estonian Grammar: Prepositions
 
|keywords=Estonian prepositions, Estonian language, learn Estonian, grammar, language learning
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about prepositions in Standard Estonian, their usage with different cases, and practice exercises to reinforce your understanding.
 
}}
 
{{Template:Standard-estonian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}


[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Course]]
Line 198: Line 377:
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Standard-estonian-0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Standard-estonian-0-to-A1-Course]]
<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo></span> <span temperature=1></span>
<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 
 
 
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/Articles|Articles]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/Past-Tense|Past Tense]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/Basic-Sentence-Structure|Basic Sentence Structure]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/Adverbs|Adverbs]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/Conjunctions|Conjunctions]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/Negation-and-word-order|Negation and word order]]
 




{{Standard-estonian-Page-Bottom}}
{{Standard-estonian-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Telling-Time|◀️ Telling Time — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/Past-Tense|Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 02:35, 2 August 2024

◀️ Telling Time — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

Estonia-Timeline-PolyglotClub.jpg
Standard Estonian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Prepositions

Welcome to our lesson on Prepositions in Standard Estonian! Prepositions are essential building blocks in any language, and they help us express relationships between different elements in a sentence. Whether you are describing a location, a time, or a manner of doing something, prepositions are key to providing clarity and depth to your communication.

In this lesson, we will cover:

  • What are prepositions?
  • How do they work with different cases?
  • Common Estonian prepositions and their meanings
  • Examples to illustrate their usage
  • Practice exercises to reinforce your learning

By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to use prepositions in Estonian sentences, setting a strong foundation for your language skills.

What are Prepositions?[edit | edit source]

Prepositions are words that link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words in a sentence. They often indicate relationships in terms of location, time, direction, and purpose. Understanding prepositions is crucial because they can change the meaning of a sentence significantly.

For instance, in English, the difference between "on the table" and "under the table" illustrates how prepositions can convey distinct spatial relationships. In Estonian, the same principle applies, and mastering these small words will greatly enhance your ability to communicate effectively.

Prepositions and Cases[edit | edit source]

In Estonian, prepositions are typically used with specific grammatical cases. The most commonly used cases with prepositions are the genitive, partitive, and inessive.

  • Genitive Case: Often used to indicate possession or origin.
  • Partitive Case: Used when referring to a part of something or an indefinite quantity.
  • Inessive Case: Indicates the location "in" or "inside."

Let’s explore how prepositions interact with these cases using examples.

Common Estonian Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Here’s a table of some common Estonian prepositions along with their meanings:

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
ka [kɑ] also
ilma [il.mɑ] without
enne [ˈɛnːe] before
pärast [ˈpɑ.rɑst] after
peal [peːl] on
alla [ˈɑl.lɑ] under
üle [ˈy.le] over
sees [seːs] inside
kõrval [ˈkœr.vɑl] next to
taga [ˈtɑ.gɑ] behind

Usage of Prepositions in Sentences[edit | edit source]

Let’s look at how these prepositions function in sentences. Below are some examples showcasing how prepositions work with different cases:

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
Raamat on laua peal. ['rɑː.mɑt ɔn 'lɑʊ.a 'peːl] The book is on the table.
Ma lähen koju ilma rahata. [mɑ 'lɛhɛn 'koju 'il.mɑ 'rɑhɑ.tɑ] I am going home without money.
Kohtume enne lõunat. ['kɔh.tu.me 'ɛn.nɛ 'lœ.u.nɑt] We will meet before lunch.
Pärast tööd, ma lähen koju. ['pɑ.rɑst 'tøːd, mɑ 'lɛhɛn 'koju] After work, I will go home.
Kass on tooli taga. [kɑs ɔn 'toː.li 'tɑ.gɑ] The cat is behind the chair.
Üks joon on seina sees. [ʊks 'joːn ɔn 'seɪ.nɑ 'seːs] One line is inside the wall.
Meie maja on kõrvalhoovis. [ˈmei.jə 'mɑ.jɑ ɔn 'kœr.vɑl'hɔ.vɪs] Our house is next to the garden.
Käime jõe ääres. [ˈkæi.me 'jœ.ɛː.rɛs] We walk by the river.
Pall on õhus. [pɑl.l ɔn 'ɤ.hus] The ball is in the air.
Raamat on laua all. ['rɑː.mɑt ɔn 'lɑʊ.a 'ɑl] The book is under the table.

Examples of Prepositions with Different Cases[edit | edit source]

Let’s dive deeper into how different cases interact with prepositions.

1. Genitive Case

  • Kohvi ilma suhkruta. (Coffee without sugar.)
  • Tüdruku kott. (The girl's bag.)

2. Partitive Case

  • Ma tahan puuvilju. (I want fruits.)
  • Vaatame filmi. (Let’s watch a movie.)

3. Inessive Case

  • Ma olen toas. (I am in the room.)
  • Raamat on laua peal. (The book is on the table.)
Preposition Case Example in Estonian English Translation
ilma Genitive Ma tulen ilma raha. I come without money.
ka Partitive Ma tahan ka kooki. I want cake too.
peal Inessive Kass on laua peal. The cat is on the table.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to put what you've learned into practice! Below are some exercises to help reinforce your understanding of prepositions.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences by using the correct prepositions from the box below: (ka, ilma, peale, enne, pärast)

1. Ma lähen ______ tööle.

2. ______ seal on palju inimesi.

3. Me sööme ______ lõunat.

4. Ta tuli ______ raha.

5. Koer on ______ muru.

Solutions:

1. Ma lähen enne tööle.

2. Seal on palju inimesi.

3. Me sööme pärast lõunat.

4. Ta tuli ilma raha.

5. Koer on peal muru.

Exercise 2: Translation[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Estonian.

1. The book is under the table.

2. I am going home without my bag.

3. We will meet before dinner.

Solutions:

1. Raamat on laua all.

2. Ma lähen koju ilma kotita.

3. Me kohtume enne õhtusööki.

Exercise 3: Matching[edit | edit source]

Match the prepositions with their meanings.

| Estonian Preposition | Meaning |

|----------------------|---------|

| 1. ilma | A. before |

| 2. pärast | B. without |

| 3. peal | C. on |

Solutions:

1 - B (ilma - without)

2 - A (pärast - after)

3 - C (peal - on)

Exercise 4: Sentence Creation[edit | edit source]

Create sentences using the following prepositions: (ka, kõrval, sees)

1. ______

2. ______

3. ______

Solutions:

1. Ma tahan ka õuna. (I want an apple too.)

2. Raamat on laua kõrval. (The book is next to the table.)

3. Lapsed on toas sees. (The kids are inside the room.)

Exercise 5: Error Correction[edit | edit source]

Identify and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.

1. Ma olen laua peal.

2. Kass on tooli kõrval.

3. Ta tuli ilma rahad.

Solutions:

1. Ma olen laud peal. (I am on the table.)

2. Kass on tool kõrval. (The cat is next to the chair.)

3. Ta tuli ilma rahata. (He came without money.)

Exercise 6: Choose the Correct Preposition[edit | edit source]

Select the correct preposition for each sentence.

1. Ma panin raamatu ______ lauale. (ka / peale)

2. Me joome teed ______ suhkruga. (ilma / ka)

3. Koer on ______ aia taga. (kõrval / taga)

Solutions:

1. Ma panin raamatu peale lauale. (I put the book on the table.)

2. Me joome teed ka suhkruga. (We drink tea with sugar.)

3. Koer on aia taga. (The dog is behind the fence.)

Exercise 7: Preposition Practice[edit | edit source]

Write a short paragraph (3-5 sentences) about your day using at least three different prepositions.

Solutions:

Example:

Today, I went to the market. I bought fruits without sugar. The apples are on the table.

Exercise 8: Dialogues[edit | edit source]

Create a short dialogue using prepositions.

Solutions:

Example:

A: Kus on su raamat? (Where is your book?)

B: Raamat on laua peal. (The book is on the table.)

Exercise 9: Preposition Quiz[edit | edit source]

Answer the following questions about prepositions:

1. What preposition do you use to express "without" in Estonian?

2. Which case is used with the preposition "peal"?

Solutions:

1. ilma (without)

2. Inessive case (used with "peal")

Exercise 10: Creative Writing[edit | edit source]

Write a short story (5-7 sentences) using at least five different prepositions.

Solutions:

Example:

Yesterday, I walked by the river. I saw a beautiful bird flying over the trees. The sun was shining brightly in the sky. My friend was sitting on the bench beside me. We talked about our plans for the weekend.

As you complete these exercises, remember that practice is key to mastering prepositions. The more you engage with the language, the more fluent you will become!

In this lesson, we’ve covered a significant aspect of Standard Estonian grammar: prepositions. You now have the tools to express relationships in various contexts, which is essential for effective communication. Keep practicing, and soon, using prepositions will become second nature to you.

Table of Contents - Standard Estonian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Estonian


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Pronouns


Numbers and Time


Verbs and Tenses


Daily Activities


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Estonian Traditions


Travel and Transportation


Prepositions and Conjunctions


At Home and Work


Estonian History


Negation and Questions


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Telling Time — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

Retrieved from "https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/Prepositions&oldid=297080"