Difference between revisions of "Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/Cases-and-pronouns"

From Polyglot Club WIKI
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Quick edit)
m (Quick edit)
 
(2 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:


{{Standard-estonian-Page-Top}}
{{Standard-estonian-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Standard-estonian|Standard Estonian]]  → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Cases and pronouns</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Standard-estonian|Standard Estonian]]  → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar|Grammar]] → Cases and pronouns</div>
Welcome to this exciting lesson on Standard Estonian grammar! Today, we will dive into the fascinating world of '''cases''' and '''pronouns'''. Understanding these concepts is essential as they form the backbone of sentence construction in Estonian. Just like how in English we say "I see the dog" or "The dog sees me", Estonian uses cases to convey the roles of nouns and pronouns in a sentence.
 
In this lesson, we will explore the various cases used in Estonian, how they affect pronouns, and provide you with plenty of examples to illustrate these points. We will also engage in practical exercises to reinforce your learning. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to use cases with pronouns effectively!


__TOC__
__TOC__


As a Standard Estonian language teacher for the past 20 years, I have noticed that one of the most challenging aspects of the Estonian language for beginners is the use of cases and pronouns. However, understanding these grammar concepts is essential to effectively communicate in Estonian. In this lesson, we will explore the Estonian cases and how to use them with pronouns. By the end of this lesson, you will have a better understanding of these grammar concepts and be able to use them in your daily conversations.
=== Importance of Cases in Estonian ===


== Estonian Cases ==
Estonian is a language rich in grammatical cases, which helps convey meaning without needing additional words. Cases determine the grammatical function of nouns, pronouns, and adjectives in a sentence. This allows for a flexible word order, making Estonian unique and expressive.


In Estonian, cases are used to indicate the grammatical function of a noun or pronoun in a sentence. There are 14 cases in the Estonian language, each with its own suffix. This may seem overwhelming, but don't worry, we will start by introducing you to the five most commonly used cases.
=== Overview of Estonian Cases ===


=== Nominative Case ===
Estonian has a total of '''14 grammatical cases'''. However, for beginners, we will focus on the most commonly used cases:


The nominative case is used for the subject of a sentence. It answers the question "who/what".
1. '''Nominative''': The subject of the sentence.


For example:
2. '''Genitive''': Indicates possession.
 
3. '''Partitive''': Used to express partiality or incompleteness.
 
4. '''Accusative''': Indicates the direct object of the action.
 
5. '''Dative''': Indicates the indirect object, often the recipient.
 
6. '''Ablative''': Indicates movement away from something.
 
Let's break these down further!
 
== Nominative Case ==
 
The '''nominative case''' is used for the subject of the sentence. It answers the question "who?" or "what?".


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| koer || /kɔːr/ || dog
|-
|-
| Isa || EE-sah || Father
|}


In the above example, "Isa" is in the nominative case, because it is the subject of the sentence.
| laps || /lɑps/ || child
 
|-
 
| raamat || /ˈrɑːmɑt/ || book
 
|-
 
| auto || /ˈɑʊtɔ/ || car
 
|-


| inimene || /ˈinimɛnɛ/ || person


=== Genitive Case ===
|}


The genitive case indicates possession, and is used to answer the question "whose".
== Genitive Case ==


For example:
The '''genitive case''' shows possession and answers "whose?".


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| koera || /ˈkɔːrɑ/ || of the dog
|-
| lapse || /ˈlɑpsɛ/ || of the child
|-
|-
| Isa maja || EE-sah MAH-yah || Father's house
|}


In the above example, "isa" (father) is in the genitive case because it indicates possession.
| raamatu || /ˈrɑːmɑtʊ/ || of the book
 
|-
 
| auto || /ˈɑʊtɔ/ || of the car
 
|-


| inimese || /ˈinimɛnɛ/ || of the person


=== Partitive Case ===
|}


The partitive case indicates a part of a whole, and is used to answer the question "what/whom". It is also used for indefinite objects of a verb.
== Partitive Case ==


For example:
The '''partitive case''' is used to express an incomplete quantity or when something is not fully defined.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| koera || /ˈkɔːrɑ/ || some dog
|-
| last || /lɑst/ || some child
|-
| raamatut || /ˈrɑːmɑtʊt/ || some book
|-
|-
| Ma armastan piima || Mah ARM-ah-stahn PEEL-mah || I love milk
|}


In the above example, "piim" (milk) is in the partitive case because it indicates an indefinite object.
| autot || /ˈɑʊtɔt/ || some car


|-


| inimest || /ˈinimɛst/ || some person


=== Inessive Case ===
|}


The inessive case is used to indicate location or position inside something, and is used to answer the question "where".
== Accusative Case ==


For example:
The '''accusative case''' indicates the direct object of an action.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| koera || /ˈkɔːrɑ/ || the dog
|-
| last || /lɑst/ || the child
|-
| raamatut || /ˈrɑːmɑtʊt/ || the book
|-
|-
| Lapsed on majas || LAHP-sed ohn MAH-yahs || The children are in the house.
|}


In the above example, "maj" (house) is in the inessive case because it indicates the position of the children.
| autot || /ˈɑʊtɔt/ || the car
 
|-


| inimest || /ˈinimɛst/ || the person


=== Elative Case ===
|}


The elative case indicates a movement from inside something, and is used to answer the question "from where/what".
== Dative Case ==


For example:
The '''dative case''' indicates the indirect object, often the recipient of an action.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| koerale || /ˈkɔːrɑlɛ/ || to the dog
|-
| lapsele || /ˈlɑpsɛlɛ/ || to the child
|-
|-
| Ta tuli majast || Tah TOO-lee MAH-yahst || He came from the house.
|}


In the above example, "maj" (house) is in the elative case as it indicates the origin of the person who came.
| raamatule || /ˈrɑːmɑtulɛ/ || to the book
 
|-


| autole || /ˈɑʊtɔlɛ/ || to the car


|-


These are only five of the 14 cases in Estonian, but mastering them is an important step towards fluency in the language.
| inimesele || /ˈinimɛsɛlɛ/ || to the person


== Pronouns ==
|}


Pronouns are words that replace nouns or other pronouns in a sentence. In Estonian, pronouns also have cases, but the declension is more straightforward than for nouns.
== Ablative Case ==


Here are the personal pronouns in the nominative case:
The '''ablative case''' is used to indicate movement away from something.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Mina || MEE-nah || I
 
| koeralt || /ˈkɔːrɑlt/ || from the dog
 
|-
|-
| Sina || SEE-nah || You (singular, informal)
 
| lapselt || /lɑpsɛlt/ || from the child
 
|-
|-
| Tema || TAH-mah || He/She/It
 
| raamatult || /ˈrɑːmɑtʊlt/ || from the book
 
|-
|-
| Meie || MAY-eh || We
 
| autolt || /ˈɑʊtɔlt/ || from the car
 
|-
|-
| Teie || TAY-eh || You (plural, formal or informal)
 
|-
| inimeselt || /ˈinimɛsɛlt/ || from the person
| Nemad || NEH-mahd || They
 
|}
|}


=== Pronouns and Their Cases ===
Now that we have a good grasp of the cases, let's see how they apply to '''pronouns'''. Personal pronouns in Estonian change form depending on the case they are used in.
== Personal Pronouns in Estonian


Here are the same personal pronouns with the accusative and genitive cases:
Here are the personal pronouns and their forms in different cases:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
! Pronoun !! Nominative !! Genitive !! Partitive !! Accusative !! Dative !! Ablative
 
|-
|-
| Mina (accusative) || MEE-nah || Me (direct object), or to/at me (indirect object)
 
| I (minä) || mina || minu || mind || mind || minule || minult
 
|-
|-
| Mina (genitive) || MEE-nah || My
 
| you (sinä) || sina || sinu || sind || sind || sinule || sinult
 
|-
|-
| Sina (accusative) || SEE-nah || You (singular, informal), or to/at you (indirect object)
 
| he (hän) || tema || tema || teda || teda || temale || temalt
 
|-
|-
| Sina (genitive) || SEE-nah || Your
 
| she (hän) || tema || tema || teda || teda || temale || temalt
 
|-
|-
| Tema (accusative) || TAH-mah || Him/Her/It (direct object), or to/at him/her/it (indirect object)
 
| we (me) || meie || meie || meid || meid || meile || meilt
 
|-
|-
| Tema (genitive) || TAH-mah || His/Her/Its
 
| you (te) || teie || teie || teid || teid || teile || teilt
 
|-
|-
| Meie (accusative) || MAY-eh || Us (direct object), or to/at us (indirect object)
 
| they (he) || nemad || nende || neid || neid || neile || neilt
 
|}
 
=== Examples of Pronouns in Sentences ===
 
Let's look at how these pronouns can be used in sentences.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| Meie (genitive) || MAY-eh || Our
 
| Mina näen koera. || /ˈminɑ ˈnɛːn ˈkɔːrɑ/ || I see a dog.
 
|-
|-
| Teie (accusative) || TAY-eh || You (plural, formal or informal), or to/at you (indirect object)
 
| Tema armastab raamatuid. || /ˈtɛmɑ ˈɑrmɑstɑb ˈrɑːmɑtʊid/ || He loves books.
 
|-
|-
| Teie (genitive) || TAY-eh || Your
 
| Meie läheme autole. || /ˈmeɪɛ ˈlɛhɛmɛ ˈɑʊtɔlɛ/ || We are going to the car.
 
|-
|-
| Nemad (accusative) || NEH-mahd || Them (direct object), or to/at them (indirect object)
 
| Nemad mängivad. || /ˈnɛmɑd ˈmæŋivɑd/ || They are playing.
 
|-
|-
| Nemad (genitive) || NEH-mahd || Their
 
| Sina annad mulle raamat. || /ˈsinɑ ˈɑnnɑd ˈmule ˈrɑːmɑt/ || You give me a book.
 
|}
|}


== Exercises and Practice Scenarios ==


Once you master the cases and the pronouns, you can start building sentences and having basic conversations in Estonian. Practice is key to success, so make sure you try using the cases and pronouns as much as you can in your daily life.
Now that we've covered the theory, it's time to put your knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises to help reinforce what you've learned.


I hope you enjoyed this lesson and found it valuable in your journey to becoming proficient in Estonian!
=== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ===


Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the pronoun in the appropriate case.
1. _____ (I) näen _____ (the dog).
2. _____ (he) armastab _____ (the book).
3. _____ (we) läheme _____ (to the car).
4. _____ (they) mängivad _____ (from the child).
5. _____ (you) annad _____ (to me) raamat.
=== Solutions to Exercise 1 ===
1. Mina näen koera.
2. Tema armastab raamatut.
3. Meie läheme autole.
4. Nemad mängivad lapselt.
5. Sina annad mulle raamat.
=== Exercise 2: Case Identification ===
Identify the case of the underlined word in each sentence.
1. Mina armastan _koera_.
2. Tema annab _minule_ raamat.
3. Meie tuleme _autolt_.
4. Nemad mängivad _lastelt_.
5. Sina näed _raamatuid_.
=== Solutions to Exercise 2 ===
1. Partitive
2. Dative
3. Ablative
4. Ablative
5. Partitive
=== Exercise 3: Sentence Construction ===
Construct sentences using the given prompts.
1. (I) / (see) / (the car)
2. (they) / (give) / (the book) / (to you)
3. (we) / (see) / (the child)
4. (you) / (love) / (the dog)
5. (he) / (go) / (from the person)
=== Solutions to Exercise 3 ===
1. Mina näen autot.
2. Nemad annavad raamatu sinule.
3. Meie näeme last.
4. Sina armastad koera.
5. Tema läheb inimeselt.
=== Exercise 4: Translate the Sentences ===
Translate the following sentences into Estonian.
1. I see a book.
2. They love the dog.
3. You give me the car.
4. We are going from the child.
5. He has a dog.
=== Solutions to Exercise 4 ===
1. Mina näen raamatut.
2. Nemad armastavad koera.
3. Sina annad mulle auto.
4. Meie läheme lapselt.
5. Temal on koer.
=== Exercise 5: Matching Pronouns to Cases ===
Match the pronouns to their correct case forms.
1. I - _____
2. You (singular) - _____
3. He - _____
4. We - _____
5. They - _____
=== Solutions to Exercise 5 ===
1. mina
2. sina
3. tema
4. meie
5. nemad
=== Exercise 6: Fill in the Correct Case ===
Fill in the blanks with the correct case form of the given pronoun.
1. _____ (I) armastan _____ (dog) - (nominative).
2. _____ (we) anname _____ (child) - (dative).
3. _____ (he) näeb _____ (book) - (accusative).
4. _____ (you) ootad _____ (car) - (partitive).
5. _____ (they) tulevad _____ (the person) - (ablative).
=== Solutions to Exercise 6 ===
1. Mina armastan koera.
2. Meie anname lapsele.
3. Tema näeb raamatut.
4. Sina ootad autot.
5. Nemad tulevad inimeselt.
=== Exercise 7: Create Your Own Sentences ===
Using the pronouns and cases you've learned, create three sentences of your own.
=== Example Solutions for Exercise 7 ===
1. Mina näen raamatut.
2. Sina armastad koera.
3. Nemad tulevad autolt.
=== Exercise 8: Case Quiz ===
Determine the case of the underlined words in the following sentences.
1. Mina armastan _koera_.
2. Tema annab _raamatule_.
3. Meie tuleme _inimesele_.
4. Nemad mängivad _lastega_.
5. Sina näed _auto_.
=== Solutions to Exercise 8 ===
1. Partitive
2. Dative
3. Dative
4. Ablative
5. Accusative
=== Exercise 9: Convert to Genitive ===
Convert the following sentences into the genitive case.
1. The dog of the child.
2. The book of the person.
3. The car of the family.
4. The child of the teacher.
5. The house of the neighbor.
=== Solutions to Exercise 9 ===
1. Lapse koer.
2. Inimese raamat.
3. Perekonna auto.
4. Õpetaja laps.
5. Naabri maja.
=== Exercise 10: Pronoun Transformation ===
Transform the following sentences by changing the pronouns to the appropriate case.
1. I see you. (Nominative)
2. They will give us the book. (Dative)
3. He loves her. (Accusative)
4. We want to see you. (Partitive)
5. You are coming from them. (Ablative)
=== Solutions to Exercise 10 ===
1. Mina näen sind.
2. Nemad annavad meile raamatu.
3. Tema armastab teda.
4. Meie tahame näha sind.
5. Sina tuled neilt.
The journey through Estonian cases and pronouns is an essential step in your learning path. Mastering these will significantly improve your ability to communicate in Estonian. Remember to practice regularly, and soon, using cases and pronouns will become second nature!


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Standard Estonian Grammar - Introduction to Estonian grammar - Cases and Pronouns
|keywords=Estonian grammar, cases, pronouns, grammar in Estonian, Estonian language, learn Estonian
|description=Learn the Estonian cases and how to use them with pronouns quickly and easily in this lesson. Practice as much as you can and soon you'll be proficient when using cases and pronouns in your daily conversations!
}}


|title=Learn Estonian Cases and Pronouns


|keywords=Estonian grammar, cases in Estonian, Estonian pronouns, learn Estonian, beginner Estonian


|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the cases used in Estonian and how to use them with personal pronouns.


}}


{{Template:Standard-estonian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}


[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Standard-estonian-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Standard-estonian-0-to-A1-Course]]
<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>






==Related Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/Nouns-and-possessive-suffixes|Nouns and possessive suffixes]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/Nouns-and-possessive-suffixes|Nouns and possessive suffixes]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
Line 175: Line 568:
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]


{{Standard-estonian-Page-Bottom}}
{{Standard-estonian-Page-Bottom}}
<span maj></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo></span>

Latest revision as of 15:37, 1 August 2024


Estonia-Timeline-PolyglotClub.jpg
Standard EstonianGrammar0 to A1 Course → Cases and pronouns

Welcome to this exciting lesson on Standard Estonian grammar! Today, we will dive into the fascinating world of cases and pronouns. Understanding these concepts is essential as they form the backbone of sentence construction in Estonian. Just like how in English we say "I see the dog" or "The dog sees me", Estonian uses cases to convey the roles of nouns and pronouns in a sentence.

In this lesson, we will explore the various cases used in Estonian, how they affect pronouns, and provide you with plenty of examples to illustrate these points. We will also engage in practical exercises to reinforce your learning. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to use cases with pronouns effectively!

Importance of Cases in Estonian[edit | edit source]

Estonian is a language rich in grammatical cases, which helps convey meaning without needing additional words. Cases determine the grammatical function of nouns, pronouns, and adjectives in a sentence. This allows for a flexible word order, making Estonian unique and expressive.

Overview of Estonian Cases[edit | edit source]

Estonian has a total of 14 grammatical cases. However, for beginners, we will focus on the most commonly used cases:

1. Nominative: The subject of the sentence.

2. Genitive: Indicates possession.

3. Partitive: Used to express partiality or incompleteness.

4. Accusative: Indicates the direct object of the action.

5. Dative: Indicates the indirect object, often the recipient.

6. Ablative: Indicates movement away from something.

Let's break these down further!

Nominative Case[edit | edit source]

The nominative case is used for the subject of the sentence. It answers the question "who?" or "what?".

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
koer /kɔːr/ dog
laps /lɑps/ child
raamat /ˈrɑːmɑt/ book
auto /ˈɑʊtɔ/ car
inimene /ˈinimɛnɛ/ person

Genitive Case[edit | edit source]

The genitive case shows possession and answers "whose?".

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
koera /ˈkɔːrɑ/ of the dog
lapse /ˈlɑpsɛ/ of the child
raamatu /ˈrɑːmɑtʊ/ of the book
auto /ˈɑʊtɔ/ of the car
inimese /ˈinimɛnɛ/ of the person

Partitive Case[edit | edit source]

The partitive case is used to express an incomplete quantity or when something is not fully defined.

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
koera /ˈkɔːrɑ/ some dog
last /lɑst/ some child
raamatut /ˈrɑːmɑtʊt/ some book
autot /ˈɑʊtɔt/ some car
inimest /ˈinimɛst/ some person

Accusative Case[edit | edit source]

The accusative case indicates the direct object of an action.

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
koera /ˈkɔːrɑ/ the dog
last /lɑst/ the child
raamatut /ˈrɑːmɑtʊt/ the book
autot /ˈɑʊtɔt/ the car
inimest /ˈinimɛst/ the person

Dative Case[edit | edit source]

The dative case indicates the indirect object, often the recipient of an action.

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
koerale /ˈkɔːrɑlɛ/ to the dog
lapsele /ˈlɑpsɛlɛ/ to the child
raamatule /ˈrɑːmɑtulɛ/ to the book
autole /ˈɑʊtɔlɛ/ to the car
inimesele /ˈinimɛsɛlɛ/ to the person

Ablative Case[edit | edit source]

The ablative case is used to indicate movement away from something.

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
koeralt /ˈkɔːrɑlt/ from the dog
lapselt /lɑpsɛlt/ from the child
raamatult /ˈrɑːmɑtʊlt/ from the book
autolt /ˈɑʊtɔlt/ from the car
inimeselt /ˈinimɛsɛlt/ from the person

Pronouns and Their Cases[edit | edit source]

Now that we have a good grasp of the cases, let's see how they apply to pronouns. Personal pronouns in Estonian change form depending on the case they are used in.

== Personal Pronouns in Estonian

Here are the personal pronouns and their forms in different cases:

Pronoun Nominative Genitive Partitive Accusative Dative Ablative
I (minä) mina minu mind mind minule minult
you (sinä) sina sinu sind sind sinule sinult
he (hän) tema tema teda teda temale temalt
she (hän) tema tema teda teda temale temalt
we (me) meie meie meid meid meile meilt
you (te) teie teie teid teid teile teilt
they (he) nemad nende neid neid neile neilt

Examples of Pronouns in Sentences[edit | edit source]

Let's look at how these pronouns can be used in sentences.

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
Mina näen koera. /ˈminɑ ˈnɛːn ˈkɔːrɑ/ I see a dog.
Tema armastab raamatuid. /ˈtɛmɑ ˈɑrmɑstɑb ˈrɑːmɑtʊid/ He loves books.
Meie läheme autole. /ˈmeɪɛ ˈlɛhɛmɛ ˈɑʊtɔlɛ/ We are going to the car.
Nemad mängivad. /ˈnɛmɑd ˈmæŋivɑd/ They are playing.
Sina annad mulle raamat. /ˈsinɑ ˈɑnnɑd ˈmule ˈrɑːmɑt/ You give me a book.

Exercises and Practice Scenarios[edit | edit source]

Now that we've covered the theory, it's time to put your knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises to help reinforce what you've learned.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the pronoun in the appropriate case.

1. _____ (I) näen _____ (the dog).

2. _____ (he) armastab _____ (the book).

3. _____ (we) läheme _____ (to the car).

4. _____ (they) mängivad _____ (from the child).

5. _____ (you) annad _____ (to me) raamat.

Solutions to Exercise 1[edit | edit source]

1. Mina näen koera.

2. Tema armastab raamatut.

3. Meie läheme autole.

4. Nemad mängivad lapselt.

5. Sina annad mulle raamat.

Exercise 2: Case Identification[edit | edit source]

Identify the case of the underlined word in each sentence.

1. Mina armastan _koera_.

2. Tema annab _minule_ raamat.

3. Meie tuleme _autolt_.

4. Nemad mängivad _lastelt_.

5. Sina näed _raamatuid_.

Solutions to Exercise 2[edit | edit source]

1. Partitive

2. Dative

3. Ablative

4. Ablative

5. Partitive

Exercise 3: Sentence Construction[edit | edit source]

Construct sentences using the given prompts.

1. (I) / (see) / (the car)

2. (they) / (give) / (the book) / (to you)

3. (we) / (see) / (the child)

4. (you) / (love) / (the dog)

5. (he) / (go) / (from the person)

Solutions to Exercise 3[edit | edit source]

1. Mina näen autot.

2. Nemad annavad raamatu sinule.

3. Meie näeme last.

4. Sina armastad koera.

5. Tema läheb inimeselt.

Exercise 4: Translate the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Estonian.

1. I see a book.

2. They love the dog.

3. You give me the car.

4. We are going from the child.

5. He has a dog.

Solutions to Exercise 4[edit | edit source]

1. Mina näen raamatut.

2. Nemad armastavad koera.

3. Sina annad mulle auto.

4. Meie läheme lapselt.

5. Temal on koer.

Exercise 5: Matching Pronouns to Cases[edit | edit source]

Match the pronouns to their correct case forms.

1. I - _____

2. You (singular) - _____

3. He - _____

4. We - _____

5. They - _____

Solutions to Exercise 5[edit | edit source]

1. mina

2. sina

3. tema

4. meie

5. nemad

Exercise 6: Fill in the Correct Case[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct case form of the given pronoun.

1. _____ (I) armastan _____ (dog) - (nominative).

2. _____ (we) anname _____ (child) - (dative).

3. _____ (he) näeb _____ (book) - (accusative).

4. _____ (you) ootad _____ (car) - (partitive).

5. _____ (they) tulevad _____ (the person) - (ablative).

Solutions to Exercise 6[edit | edit source]

1. Mina armastan koera.

2. Meie anname lapsele.

3. Tema näeb raamatut.

4. Sina ootad autot.

5. Nemad tulevad inimeselt.

Exercise 7: Create Your Own Sentences[edit | edit source]

Using the pronouns and cases you've learned, create three sentences of your own.

Example Solutions for Exercise 7[edit | edit source]

1. Mina näen raamatut.

2. Sina armastad koera.

3. Nemad tulevad autolt.

Exercise 8: Case Quiz[edit | edit source]

Determine the case of the underlined words in the following sentences.

1. Mina armastan _koera_.

2. Tema annab _raamatule_.

3. Meie tuleme _inimesele_.

4. Nemad mängivad _lastega_.

5. Sina näed _auto_.

Solutions to Exercise 8[edit | edit source]

1. Partitive

2. Dative

3. Dative

4. Ablative

5. Accusative

Exercise 9: Convert to Genitive[edit | edit source]

Convert the following sentences into the genitive case.

1. The dog of the child.

2. The book of the person.

3. The car of the family.

4. The child of the teacher.

5. The house of the neighbor.

Solutions to Exercise 9[edit | edit source]

1. Lapse koer.

2. Inimese raamat.

3. Perekonna auto.

4. Õpetaja laps.

5. Naabri maja.

Exercise 10: Pronoun Transformation[edit | edit source]

Transform the following sentences by changing the pronouns to the appropriate case.

1. I see you. (Nominative)

2. They will give us the book. (Dative)

3. He loves her. (Accusative)

4. We want to see you. (Partitive)

5. You are coming from them. (Ablative)

Solutions to Exercise 10[edit | edit source]

1. Mina näen sind.

2. Nemad annavad meile raamatu.

3. Tema armastab teda.

4. Meie tahame näha sind.

5. Sina tuled neilt.

The journey through Estonian cases and pronouns is an essential step in your learning path. Mastering these will significantly improve your ability to communicate in Estonian. Remember to practice regularly, and soon, using cases and pronouns will become second nature!

Table of Contents - Standard Estonian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Estonian


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Pronouns


Numbers and Time


Verbs and Tenses


Daily Activities


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Estonian Traditions


Travel and Transportation


Prepositions and Conjunctions


At Home and Work


Estonian History


Negation and Questions


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]