Difference between revisions of "Language/Javanese/Grammar/Plurals"

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<div class="pg_page_title">Javanese Grammar - Plurals</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Javanese Grammar - Plurals</div>
Hi Javanese learners!😊<hr>Learning [https://polyglotclub.com/language/javanese Javanese] Grammar can be a challenging task, but it is also very rewarding. In this lesson, we will focus on the plural forms of nouns in Javanese. __TOC__


== Plural Forms ==
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/javanese Javanese] learners! 😊


In Javanese, there are two ways to form plurals: by adding a suffix or by reduplication.  
In this lesson, we will explore the plural form in Javanese. Understanding plural forms is crucial when communicating with other people in Javanese.


=== Suffix ===
__TOC__


The most common way to form plurals is by adding a suffix. The suffix used depends on the last letter of the word. For words ending in a consonant, the suffix -ane is added. For example, the plural of ''bapak'' (father) is ''bapak-ane''. For words ending in a vowel, the suffix -ane is added. For example, the plural of ''orang'' (person) is ''orang-ane''.


=== Reduplication ===
<span link>Once you've mastered this lesson, take a look at these related pages: [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Gender|Gender]], [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Present-Tense|Present Tense]] & [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]].</span>
== Plural Marker ==


The second way to form plurals is by reduplication. This means repeating the word twice. For example, the plural of ''kucing'' (cat) is ''kucing-kucing''. Reduplication is used for words that end in a consonant and for words that end in a vowel.  
In Javanese, the plural marker is "wong" which means "people." Adding "wong" after a word indicates that it is in plural form. For example:


== Irregular Plurals ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| sepeda || [sə.ˈpe.ðɔ] || bicycle
|-
| sepeda wong || [sə.ˈpe.ðɔ ˈwɔŋ] || bicycles
|-
| ayam || [a.ˈjam] || chicken
|-
| ayam wong || [a.ˈjam ˈwɔŋ] || chickens
|}


There are some words that have irregular plurals. These words do not follow the rules above. Here are some examples:
As you can see from the examples, the plural marker "wong" is added after the noun to indicate plurality.  


* ''anak'' (child) → ''anak-anak''
== Plurals and Adjectives ==
* ''ayah'' (father) → ''ayah-ayah''
* ''ibu'' (mother) → ''ibu-ibu''
* ''teman'' (friend) → ''teman-teman''


== Exceptions ==
When a noun is modified by an adjective, the adjective always comes after the noun in Javanese. This is also true for plural nouns. For example:


There are some exceptions to the rules above. For example, the word ''orang'' (person) does not take the suffix -ane when forming its plural. Instead, it takes the suffix -i. The plural of ''orang'' is ''orang-i''.  
{| class="wikitable"
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| sepeda wong sing gedhe || [sə.ˈpe.ðɔ ˈwɔŋ siŋ ˈɡə.ðɛ] || big bicycles (lit. bicycles people big)
|-
| ayam wong cilik || [a.ˈjam ˈwɔŋ ˈtʃi.lik] || small chickens (lit. chickens people small)
|}


== Practice ==
In the examples above, we can see that the adjective comes after the noun and the plural marker "wong."


Now it's time to practice! Try to form the plural of the following words:
== Plurals and Pronouns ==


* ''mobil'' (car)
In Javanese, pronouns also have a plural form. We use the same plural marker "wong" to indicate plural pronouns. For example:
* ''rumah'' (house)
* ''saudara'' (sibling)


The answers are:
{| class="wikitable"
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| aku || [a.ˈku] || I
|-
| kita || [ˈki.tɔ] || we (inclusive)
|-
| kita-wong || [ˈki.tɔ ˈwɔŋ] || we (inclusive, more than two people)
|-
| kowe || [ˈkɔ.wɛ] || you (singular)
|-
| kowe-wong || [ˈkɔ.wɛ ˈwɔŋ] || you (plural)
|}


* ''mobil-mobil''
As you can see from the examples, adding the plural marker "wong" to pronouns indicates that it is in plural form.
* ''rumah-rumah''
* ''saudara-saudara''


If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
== Dialogue ==


Here's a dialogue to help you see plurals in context:


==Related Lessons==
* Person 1: Kulo duwe ayam wong. ([I have chickens.])
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* Person 2: Pira? ([How many?])
* Person 1: Lima ayam wong. ([Five chickens.])
 
== Cultural Insights ==
 
The Javanese take great pride in their culture and traditions. They have a rich artistic tradition including gamelan music, wayang kulit puppetry and batik textiles. Additionally, they are known for their philosophy of "gotong royong," which emphasizes mutual cooperation and helping each other. Understanding these cultural insights can help you better understand the Javanese language and people.
 
To improve your [[Language/Javanese|Javanese]] [[Language/Javanese/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=63 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/javanese/question questions]!
 
<span class='maj'></span>
==Sources==
* [https://www.quora.com/How-is-the-plural-formed-in-Javanese How is the plural formed in Javanese? - Quora]
* [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Javanese Javanese Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster]
 
<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
 
{{#seo:
|title=Javanese Grammar - Plurals
|keywords=Javanese grammar, Javanese plurals, Javanese culture, Javanese language
|description=In this lesson, we will explore the plural form in Javanese. Understanding plural forms is crucial when communicating with other people in Javanese.
}}
 
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]


{{Javanese-Page-Bottom}}
{{Javanese-Page-Bottom}}
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 21:04, 27 March 2023

Javanese-language-polyglotclub.jpg
Javanese Grammar - Plurals

Hi Javanese learners! 😊

In this lesson, we will explore the plural form in Javanese. Understanding plural forms is crucial when communicating with other people in Javanese.


Once you've mastered this lesson, take a look at these related pages: Gender, Present Tense & Personal Pronouns.

Plural Marker[edit | edit source]

In Javanese, the plural marker is "wong" which means "people." Adding "wong" after a word indicates that it is in plural form. For example:

Javanese Pronunciation English
sepeda [sə.ˈpe.ðɔ] bicycle
sepeda wong [sə.ˈpe.ðɔ ˈwɔŋ] bicycles
ayam [a.ˈjam] chicken
ayam wong [a.ˈjam ˈwɔŋ] chickens

As you can see from the examples, the plural marker "wong" is added after the noun to indicate plurality.

Plurals and Adjectives[edit | edit source]

When a noun is modified by an adjective, the adjective always comes after the noun in Javanese. This is also true for plural nouns. For example:

Javanese Pronunciation English
sepeda wong sing gedhe [sə.ˈpe.ðɔ ˈwɔŋ siŋ ˈɡə.ðɛ] big bicycles (lit. bicycles people big)
ayam wong cilik [a.ˈjam ˈwɔŋ ˈtʃi.lik] small chickens (lit. chickens people small)

In the examples above, we can see that the adjective comes after the noun and the plural marker "wong."

Plurals and Pronouns[edit | edit source]

In Javanese, pronouns also have a plural form. We use the same plural marker "wong" to indicate plural pronouns. For example:

Javanese Pronunciation English
aku [a.ˈku] I
kita [ˈki.tɔ] we (inclusive)
kita-wong [ˈki.tɔ ˈwɔŋ] we (inclusive, more than two people)
kowe [ˈkɔ.wɛ] you (singular)
kowe-wong [ˈkɔ.wɛ ˈwɔŋ] you (plural)

As you can see from the examples, adding the plural marker "wong" to pronouns indicates that it is in plural form.

Dialogue[edit | edit source]

Here's a dialogue to help you see plurals in context:

  • Person 1: Kulo duwe ayam wong. ([I have chickens.])
  • Person 2: Pira? ([How many?])
  • Person 1: Lima ayam wong. ([Five chickens.])

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

The Javanese take great pride in their culture and traditions. They have a rich artistic tradition including gamelan music, wayang kulit puppetry and batik textiles. Additionally, they are known for their philosophy of "gotong royong," which emphasizes mutual cooperation and helping each other. Understanding these cultural insights can help you better understand the Javanese language and people.

To improve your Javanese Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

Sources[edit | edit source]


➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]