Language/Sanskrit/Grammar/Future-Tense

Sanskrit Grammar - Future Tense

Hi Sanskrit learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will focus on the Future Tense in Sanskrit Grammar. We will learn how to form the Future Tense, and we will see some examples in context. We will also explore some cultural information related to the Future Tense. So, let's get started!

Introduction

The Future Tense is a verb form that indicates that an action will happen in the future. This tense does not exist in all languages, but it does in Sanskrit. The Future Tense is formed differently from other tenses, and it is important to learn how to form it correctly.

In Sanskrit, the Future Tense is used to express an action that will take place in the future. It is also used to express a wish or a command. This tense can be formed in different ways, but we will focus on the most common one.

Consider broadening your understanding by checking out these related lessons: How to Use Have & Adjectives.

Forming the Future Tense

The Future Tense in Sanskrit is formed by adding the suffix "-श्य" ("-śya") to the root of the verb, which is the part of the verb that carries the meaning. For example, the root of the verb "to go" is "गम्" ("gam"), and the Future Tense of this verb is "गमिष्यति" ("gam-iṣyat-i"), which means "he/she/it will go".

Here is another example, the root of the verb "to see" is "दृश्" ("dṛś"), and the Future Tense of this verb is "दृश्यते" ("dṛś-ya-te"), which means "he/she/it will see".

It is important to note that some verbs have irregular forms in the Future Tense, and they must be memorized separately.

Let's see some more examples in the table below:

Sanskrit	Pronunciation	English
लिख्	liḳh	write
जान	jāna	know
खाद्	khād	eat
जुहोति	juhoti	offer

Examples in Context

To better understand the Future Tense, let's see some examples in context. In the dialogue below, two friends are planning a trip:

• Friend 1: कुत्र गमिष्यसि? (kutra gam-iṣyasi?) - Where will you go?
• Friend 2: मधुरां नगरं गमिष्यामि। (madhurām nagaram gam-iṣyāmi) - I will go to Madhura city.
• Friend 1: कथं गच्छिष्यावः? (kathaṃ gacchiṣyāvaḥ?) - How will we go?
• Friend 2: रथेन गच्छामः। (rathena gacchāmaḥ) - We will go by chariot.

In this dialogue, we can see how the Future Tense is used to express the action of going to Madhura city, and the means of transport they will use.

Cultural Information

Sanskrit has been used for more than 3,500 years, and it is considered one of the oldest languages in the world. It has a rich cultural and religious heritage, and it is still used today in some parts of India for Hindu religious ceremonies and rituals.

The Future Tense is an important part of the Sanskrit language, and it is used in many contexts, such as literature, poetry, and philosophy. Many Sanskrit texts, such as the Bhagavad Gita, use the Future Tense to express the actions of the gods and heroes, and to convey their thoughts and emotions.

Practice

To improve your Sanskrit Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

Now, it's time to practice forming the Future Tense. Choose a verb, and try to form the Future Tense using the method we have just learned.

Conclusion

In this lesson, we have learned how to form the Future Tense in Sanskrit Grammar. We have also seen some examples in context, and explored some cultural information related to this tense. Remember that the Future Tense is an important part of the Sanskrit language, and that it is used to express actions that will happen in the future, wishes, and commands. Keep practicing, and you will become more proficient in using this tense!

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➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Sources

• The Ordinary Future Tense | Learn Sanskrit Online
• Lesson 27 – The future tenses and the conditional | our sanskrit
• Sanskrit grammar – Verbs – सेव् – धातुरूप (future tense) | Thoughts

Other Lessons

• Pronouns
• Gender
• Give your Opinion
• Negation
• How to Use Be
• How to Use Have
• Questions
• Conditional Mood
• Plurals