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<div class="pg_page_title">Catalan Grammar - Plurals</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Catalan Grammar - Plurals</div>


Welcome to the Catalan Grammar lesson about plurals! In this lesson, you will learn how to form plurals in Catalan.  
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/catalan Catalan] learners! 😊<br>
In this lesson, we will learn about plurals in Catalan. As you know, plurals are used to refer to more than one person, animal or thing. In Catalan, as well as in other languages, there are different rules for forming plurals depending on the gender and the type of noun.<br>
Let's get started!


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__TOC__


Plurals are an important part of any language, and Catalan is no exception. Plurals are used to refer to more than one person, thing, or idea. In Catalan, there are two main ways to form plurals: regular and irregular.


== Regular Plurals ==
<span link>Take some time to dive into these other pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/How-to-say-%22there-is%22-in-Catalan|How to say "there is" in Catalan]], [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/Indefinite-Articles-in-Catalan|Indefinite Articles in Catalan]], [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/Instrumental-Case-in-Catalan|Instrumental Case in Catalan]] & [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/Subjunctive-mood|Subjunctive mood]].</span>
== Basic Rules ==
In general, to form the plural of a noun in Catalan, you add -s to the singular form. For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| noun singular: amor || amors || loves
|-
| noun singular: gat || gats || cats
|-
| noun singular: llibre || llibres || books
|-
| noun singular: ocell || ocells || birds
|-
|}


Regular plurals are formed by adding a suffix to the end of the word. The most common suffixes are -s and -os. For example, the singular form of the word "llibre" (book) is "llibre", and the plural form is "llibres".
However, there are some exceptions to this rule:


In some cases, the spelling of the word changes when forming the plural. For example, the singular form of the word "amor" (love) is "amor", and the plural form is "amors".
=== -os and -es endings ===
Some words that end in -o, -ó or -e in the singular form change to -os or -es in the plural form. For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| noun singular: cotó || cotons || cottons
|-
| noun singular: cavall || cavalls || horses
|-
| noun singular: ampolleta || ampolletes || little bottles
|-
| noun singular: marroc || marrocs || Morocco leather
|-
|}


=== Exceptions ===
=== -ells, -ens, -os endings ===
Some words that end in -ell, -en, -ó, -eu or -o in the singular form have irregular plurals. For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| noun singular: fill || fills || sons
|-
| noun singular: u || ulls || eyes
|-
| noun singular: boc || bocs || goats
|-
|}


There are some exceptions to the regular plural formation. For example, the singular form of the word "pare" (father) is "pare", but the plural form is "pares".
=== Plurals with no singular form ===
There are also a few words in Catalan that only exist in the plural form. For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| el brics || /ˈbriks/ || backpacks
|-
| els calces || /ˈkalkəs/ || pants
|-
| les ulleres || /uˈleɾəs/ || glasses
|-
| els calçotets || /kəɫsuˈtets/ || underwear
|-
|}


Another exception is the word "dia" (day). The singular form is "dia", but the plural form is "dies".  
Note that these words are usually used with the definite article.


== Irregular Plurals ==
== Exceptions for Gender ==
In Catalan, like in many other languages, there are masculine and feminine nouns. The general rule to form the plural of a noun (adding -s) also applies to nouns with a feminine form. For example:


Irregular plurals are formed by changing the spelling of the word. For example, the singular form of the word "home" (man) is "home", and the plural form is "homes".  
{| class="wikitable"
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| masc. noun singular: gat || gats || cats
|-
| masc. noun singular: ocell || ocells || birds
|-
| fem. noun singular: font || fonts || fountains
|-
| fem. noun singular: rosa || roses || roses
|-
|}


In some cases, the spelling of the word does not change when forming the plural. For example, the singular form of the word "amic" (friend) is "amic", and the plural form is also "amic".  
So, the rule for forming plurals is the same for both masculine and feminine nouns. However, there are some exceptions in which the ending -a changes to -es:
{| class="wikitable"
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| fem. noun singular: raó || raons || reasons
|-
| fem. noun singular: pell || pells || skins
|-
|}


=== Exceptions ===
== Plurals of Compound Words ==
Compound words are formed by two or more words that have a combined meaning. In Catalan, the plural of a compound word is formed by adding -s to the last word of the compound. For example:


There are some exceptions to the irregular plural formation. For example, the singular form of the word "germà" (brother) is "germà", but the plural form is "germans".
{| class="wikitable"
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| el cel blau || els cels blaus || blue skies
|-
| la taula rodona || les taules rodones || round tables
|-
| el nen soldat || els nens soldats || child soldiers
|-
|}


Another exception is the word "fill" (son). The singular form is "fill", but the plural form is "fills".  
== Dialogue ==
* Person 1: Hola! Quants gats tens? (Hi! How many cats do you have?)
* Person 2: Tinc tres gats. (I have three cats.)
* Person 1: Ah, i quantes roses tens al jardí? (Ah, and how many roses do you have in your garden?)
* Person 2: Tinc deu roses. (I have ten roses.)


That's it for this lesson on Catalan grammar - plurals! If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below. Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
== Practice ==
Try to form the plural of the following words:


If you want to learn more about the Catalan language, why not join the Polyglot Club community? [https://PolyglotClub.com Polyglot Club] is a great place to meet other language learners and practice your Catalan.
{| class="wikitable"
! Catalan !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| casa || ||
|-
| ossada || ||
|-
| senzill || ||
|-
| paper || ||
|-
| filla || ||
|-
|}


<br><hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
== Conclusion ==
In conclusion, forming plurals in Catalan is usually a matter of adding -s to the singular form. However, there are some exceptions that you need to know in order to use the language accurately. Remember to always practice, and to use [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] to find native speakers and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/catalan/question questions] you may have about [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=26 learning Catalan]. For more information on Catalan [[:Language/Catalan/Grammar|Grammar]], please visit the corresponding page.
 
<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
 
<span class='maj'></span>
==Sources==
* [http://mylanguages.org/catalan_plural.php Catalan Plural]
* [https://revistes.uab.cat/catJL/article/view/v3-mcnally Bare Plurals in Spanish are Interpreted as Properties | Catalan ...]
 
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/Cardinal-Numbers-in-Catalan|Cardinal Numbers in Catalan]]
* [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/Interrogative-Words-in-Catalan|Interrogative Words in Catalan]]
* [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/Personal-pronouns|Personal pronouns]]
* [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/How-to-use-"can"-in-Catalan|How to use "can" in Catalan]]
* [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/Possessive-Case-in-Catalan|Possessive Case in Catalan]]
* [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/Genitive-Case-in-Catalan|Genitive Case in Catalan]]
* [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/Inclusive-Case-in-Catalan|Inclusive Case in Catalan]]


{{Catalan-Page-Bottom}}
{{Catalan-Page-Bottom}}
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 21:03, 27 March 2023

01B356FC-D089-467C-8B1C-836911B8D8E7.png
Catalan Grammar - Plurals

Hi Catalan learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn about plurals in Catalan. As you know, plurals are used to refer to more than one person, animal or thing. In Catalan, as well as in other languages, there are different rules for forming plurals depending on the gender and the type of noun.
Let's get started!


Take some time to dive into these other pages after completing this lesson: How to say "there is" in Catalan, Indefinite Articles in Catalan, Instrumental Case in Catalan & Subjunctive mood.

Basic Rules[edit | edit source]

In general, to form the plural of a noun in Catalan, you add -s to the singular form. For example:

Catalan Pronunciation English
noun singular: amor amors loves
noun singular: gat gats cats
noun singular: llibre llibres books
noun singular: ocell ocells birds

However, there are some exceptions to this rule:

-os and -es endings[edit | edit source]

Some words that end in -o, -ó or -e in the singular form change to -os or -es in the plural form. For example:

Catalan Pronunciation English
noun singular: cotó cotons cottons
noun singular: cavall cavalls horses
noun singular: ampolleta ampolletes little bottles
noun singular: marroc marrocs Morocco leather

-ells, -ens, -os endings[edit | edit source]

Some words that end in -ell, -en, -ó, -eu or -o in the singular form have irregular plurals. For example:

Catalan Pronunciation English
noun singular: fill fills sons
noun singular: u ulls eyes
noun singular: boc bocs goats

Plurals with no singular form[edit | edit source]

There are also a few words in Catalan that only exist in the plural form. For example:

Catalan Pronunciation English
el brics /ˈbriks/ backpacks
els calces /ˈkalkəs/ pants
les ulleres /uˈleɾəs/ glasses
els calçotets /kəɫsuˈtets/ underwear

Note that these words are usually used with the definite article.

Exceptions for Gender[edit | edit source]

In Catalan, like in many other languages, there are masculine and feminine nouns. The general rule to form the plural of a noun (adding -s) also applies to nouns with a feminine form. For example:

Catalan Pronunciation English
masc. noun singular: gat gats cats
masc. noun singular: ocell ocells birds
fem. noun singular: font fonts fountains
fem. noun singular: rosa roses roses

So, the rule for forming plurals is the same for both masculine and feminine nouns. However, there are some exceptions in which the ending -a changes to -es:

Catalan Pronunciation English
fem. noun singular: raó raons reasons
fem. noun singular: pell pells skins

Plurals of Compound Words[edit | edit source]

Compound words are formed by two or more words that have a combined meaning. In Catalan, the plural of a compound word is formed by adding -s to the last word of the compound. For example:

Catalan Pronunciation English
el cel blau els cels blaus blue skies
la taula rodona les taules rodones round tables
el nen soldat els nens soldats child soldiers

Dialogue[edit | edit source]

  • Person 1: Hola! Quants gats tens? (Hi! How many cats do you have?)
  • Person 2: Tinc tres gats. (I have three cats.)
  • Person 1: Ah, i quantes roses tens al jardí? (Ah, and how many roses do you have in your garden?)
  • Person 2: Tinc deu roses. (I have ten roses.)

Practice[edit | edit source]

Try to form the plural of the following words:

Catalan Singular Plural
casa
ossada
senzill
paper
filla

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

In conclusion, forming plurals in Catalan is usually a matter of adding -s to the singular form. However, there are some exceptions that you need to know in order to use the language accurately. Remember to always practice, and to use Polyglot Club to find native speakers and ask them any questions you may have about learning Catalan. For more information on Catalan Grammar, please visit the corresponding page.

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

Template:Catalan-Page-Bottom

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