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|[[Language/Welsh/Culture/Famous-Welsh-Writers|◀️ Famous Welsh Writers — Previous Lesson]]
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{{Welsh-Page-Top}}
{{Welsh-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Welsh|Welsh]]  → [[Language/Welsh/Culture|Culture]] → [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Welsh History</div>
In this lesson, we are going to embark on an exciting journey through Welsh history, exploring the richness and depth of the events and figures that have shaped the culture we see today. Understanding history is not just about dates and facts; it's about connecting with the stories that form the heart of a nation. For Welsh speakers, history is woven into the very fabric of the language itself, influencing expressions, idioms, and the way people relate to their heritage.
This lesson is designed for complete beginners, so we will keep our focus clear and accessible. By the end of this lesson, you will have a foundational understanding of key historical events and figures in Wales, providing a context that enhances your grasp of the Welsh language and culture.
== Outline of the Lesson ==
1. '''Introduction to Welsh History'''
2. '''Key Historical Events'''
3. '''Important Figures in Welsh History'''
4. '''Conclusion: The Importance of History in Language'''


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Welsh|Welsh]]  → [[Language/Welsh/Culture|Culture]] → [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Welsh Literature and History → Welsh History</div>
5. '''Exercises and Practice Scenarios'''


__TOC__
__TOC__


Welsh history is rich and varied, covering a long period of time, from prehistoric times to the present day. In this lesson, we will explore some of the key events and figures that have shaped Welsh history and identity.
=== Introduction to Welsh History ===
 
Welsh history is a tapestry of triumphs and tribulations, marked by the resilience of its people and the evolution of its identity. From the early Celtic tribes to modern-day Wales, each era has contributed to the development of a unique culture that is reflected in the Welsh language. Understanding this history not only enriches your language learning but also provides a deeper appreciation for the culture surrounding you.
 
=== Key Historical Events ===
 
Let's explore some pivotal events that have left an indelible mark on Welsh history.  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Year !! Event !! Description
 
|-


== Prehistoric Wales ==
| 43 AD || Roman Conquest || The Romans invaded Britain, bringing significant changes to Wales, including the introduction of new infrastructure and urbanization.


Wales was first inhabited by humans around 230,000 years ago during the Paleolithic era. These early humans left behind various artifacts, such as stone tools and weapons, which have been found across the country.
|-


During the Neolithic era, which began around 4,000 BC, people began constructing stone circles and burial chambers. One of the most famous Neolithic structures in Wales is the chambered tomb of Pentre Ifan, which dates back to around 3,500 BC.
| 383 AD || The Rise of the Kingdoms || Following the Roman withdrawal, several kingdoms emerged in Wales, such as Gwynedd and Powys, laying the groundwork for future political structures.


The Bronze Age in Wales saw the introduction of metalworking, and the construction of hillforts and other fortified sites. One of the most famous Bronze Age sites in Wales is Tre'r Ceiri, an Iron Age hillfort in Gwynedd, which was occupied from around 200 BC to AD 400.
|-


== Welsh Princes and the Norman Conquest ==
| 1282 || Conquest of Wales || Edward I of England invaded Wales, leading to the annexation of Wales and significant changes in governance and land ownership.


During the early medieval period, Wales was divided into several separate kingdoms and principalities. These included Gwynedd, Powys, Deheubarth, and Gwent. Each kingdom had its own ruling prince or king who was responsible for the administration of his territory.
|-


In the 11th century, the Norman conquest of England began, and soon the Normans turned their attention to Wales. In 1063, the Norman lord Harold Godwinson invaded Wales and defeated its ruler, Gruffydd ap Llywelyn. However, Gruffydd's son, Bleddyn, was able to assert his control over parts of Wales and forge alliances with other Welsh princes.
| 1536 || Laws in Wales Acts || These acts annexed Wales to the Kingdom of England, establishing English law and governance, but also leading to the decline of the Welsh language in official contexts.


In the late 11th century, the Normans again invaded Wales, this time under the command of William the Conqueror's son, William Rufus. The Welsh princes were unable to unite against the Normans, and in 1093, the Norman lord Robert of Bellême captured the fortress of Montgomery.
|-


== King Edward I and Welsh Independence ==
| 1868 || Establishment of the University of Wales || The University was founded to promote higher education in Wales, marking a significant step towards cultural and educational revival.


In the 13th century, King Edward I of England launched a successful campaign to conquer Wales and bring it under English rule. He built a series of castles across the country, including Caernarfon Castle, Conwy Castle, and Harlech Castle, to help consolidate his control over the Welsh.
|-


In 1282, the Welsh prince Llywelyn ap Gruffudd led a revolt against the English, but he was eventually defeated and killed in battle. This marked the end of Welsh independence and the beginning of hundreds of years of English rule over Wales.
| 1962 || The First Welsh Language Act || This act aimed to promote the Welsh language in public life, setting the stage for future language rights and protections.


== The Industrial Revolution and Welsh Identity ==
|-


During the 18th and 19th centuries, Wales underwent a period of rapid industrialization, with coal mining, iron works, and steel mills becoming major industries. The growth of these industries led to a massive increase in population as people moved from rural areas to the new industrial towns and cities.
| 1997 || Welsh Devolution Referendum || The referendum resulted in the establishment of the National Assembly for Wales, granting Wales greater autonomy and a voice in its governance.


The Welsh language and culture came under threat during this period, as industrialization brought with it the English language and customs. However, the Welsh began to resist this cultural assimilation, and a Welsh nationalist movement began to emerge in the late 19th century.
|-


== Welsh Nationalism and the 20th Century ==
| 2000 || The Welsh Language Act || This act provided the Welsh language equal status with English in public life, reinforcing the cultural identity of Wales.


In the 20th century, the Welsh nationalist movement grew in strength, with the establishment of organizations such as Plaid Cymru and the Welsh Language Society. These groups sought to promote and protect Welsh language and culture, and to fight for greater autonomy and self-government for Wales.
|-


In 1955, the government of the United Kingdom established the Welsh Office, which was responsible for the administration of Wales. This was seen as a significant step towards greater Welsh autonomy and recognition within the United Kingdom.
| 2011 || The Welsh Language (Wales) Measure || This measure enhanced the rights of Welsh speakers and aimed to increase the use of the Welsh language in everyday life.


In recent years, the Welsh Assembly has become the main governing body for Wales, with powers over healthcare, education, and other areas of policy. The Welsh Language Act of 1993 also gave Welsh equal status with English in Wales, and efforts continue to be made to promote and preserve the Welsh language and culture for future generations.
|-


== Famous Figures in Welsh History ==
| 2016 || The Welsh Government's Strategy for the Welsh Language || A strategy aimed at increasing the number of Welsh speakers and promoting the language within communities.


Throughout its long history, Wales has produced many famous and influential figures. Some of these include:
|}


* Owain Glyndŵr - a Welsh prince who led a revolt against English rule in the early 15th century.
=== Important Figures in Welsh History ===
* David Lloyd George - a Welsh statesman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1916 to 1922.
* Richard Burton - a Welsh actor who was known for his roles in films such as "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?" and "The Spy Who Came in from the Cold".
* Roald Dahl - a Welsh author who wrote many famous children's books, including "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory" and "Matilda".


== Conclusion ==
Next, let’s shine a light on some influential figures whose contributions have shaped Wales.


Welsh history is diverse and fascinating, reflecting Wales' long and proud heritage. From its prehistoric origins to its modern-day struggles for greater autonomy and self-government, Wales has always been a unique and important part of the United Kingdom. As we continue to learn about Welsh language and culture, it is important to also be mindful of the events and figures that have shaped Welsh history and identity.
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Name !! Contribution !! Description
 
|-
 
| Saint David || Patron Saint of Wales || David, a sixth-century monk, founded monastic communities and was a key figure in spreading Christianity in Wales.
 
|-
 
| Owain Glyndŵr || Leader of the Welsh Revolt || In the early 15th century, Glyndŵr led a significant rebellion against English rule, symbolizing Welsh nationalism and pride.
 
|-
 
| Aneirin || Poet and Historian || A 6th-century bard, Aneirin composed "Y Gododdin," one of the earliest works of Welsh literature, capturing the spirit of his time.
 
|-
 
| Lady Llanover || Advocate for Welsh Culture || In the 19th century, she promoted the use of the Welsh language and traditional Welsh dress, influencing cultural revival.
 
|-
 
| Tom Jones || Iconic Singer || A global superstar, Tom Jones represents the rich musical heritage of Wales and has contributed to its cultural identity.
 
|-
 
| Dylan Thomas || Celebrated Poet || Known for his lyrical poetry, Thomas's works reflect the beauty of the Welsh landscape and the complexities of human emotions.
 
|-
 
| Aneurin Bevan || Architect of the NHS || As a politician, Bevan played a crucial role in the establishment of the National Health Service, impacting healthcare in Wales and beyond.
 
|-
 
| Roald Dahl || Famous Author || Born in Cardiff, Dahl's imaginative storytelling has enchanted readers worldwide, showcasing Welsh creativity.
 
|-
 
| Caradog Prichard || Influential Author || His novels delve into the lives of Welsh people, exploring themes of identity and culture in a changing world.
 
|-
 
| Rhodri Morgan || Former First Minister || A key figure in modern Welsh politics, Morgan advocated for devolution and the strengthening of Welsh identity.
 
|}
 
=== Conclusion: The Importance of History in Language ===
 
As we conclude this exploration of Welsh history, it is essential to recognize how intertwined language and culture are. The events and figures discussed not only shaped the historical landscape of Wales but also influenced the development of the Welsh language. By learning about history, you gain insights into the expressions, idioms, and cultural references that enrich your understanding of Welsh.
 
=== Exercises and Practice Scenarios ===
 
Now that we have covered key historical events and important figures, let’s put your knowledge to the test with some exercises.
 
==== Exercise 1: Timeline Creation ====
 
Create a timeline of the key events discussed in this lesson. Use the following format:
 
1. '''Year''': Event
 
2. '''Year''': Event
 
3. '''Year''': Event
 
''Example Solution:''
 
1. '''43 AD''': Roman Conquest
 
2. '''1282''': Conquest of Wales
 
3. '''1997''': Welsh Devolution Referendum
 
==== Exercise 2: Match the Figures ====
 
Match the historical figure with their contribution.
 
1. Owain Glyndŵr
 
2. Saint David
 
3. Tom Jones
 
a. Advocate for Welsh Culture 
 
b. Leader of the Welsh Revolt 
 
c. Patron Saint of Wales 
 
''Example Solution:''
 
1 - b 
 
2 - c 
 
3 - a 
 
==== Exercise 3: Short Answer ====
 
Answer the following questions in a few sentences.
 
1. Why is Owain Glyndŵr considered a significant figure in Welsh history? 
 
2. Describe the impact of the Laws in Wales Acts of 1536.
 
''Example Solution:''
 
1. Owain Glyndŵr is significant because he led a major rebellion against English rule, symbolizing Welsh nationalism. 
 
2. The Laws in Wales Acts of 1536 annexed Wales to England, establishing English law and impacting the status of the Welsh language.
 
==== Exercise 4: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Complete the sentences with the correct historical terms.
 
1. The _______ in 1282 marked the end of Welsh independence. 
 
2. The _______ of Wales Acts aimed to integrate Welsh law with English law.
 
''Example Solution:''
 
1. Conquest 
 
2. Laws 
 
==== Exercise 5: Create a Presentation ====
 
Prepare a short presentation about a Welsh historical figure of your choice. Include their contributions and significance.
 
''Example Solution:''
 
Choose '''Dylan Thomas''' and discuss his poetic contributions and their influence on Welsh culture.
 
==== Exercise 6: Group Discussion ====
 
Discuss in pairs the significance of the Welsh language in preserving Welsh history. Share your thoughts with the class afterward.
 
==== Exercise 7: Quiz Time ====
 
Create a quiz with 5 questions based on the lesson. Use multiple-choice format.
 
1. Who was the patron saint of Wales?
 
a. Tom Jones 
 
b. Saint David 
 
c. Owain Glyndŵr 
 
''Example Solution:''
 
1. b
 
==== Exercise 8: Write a Paragraph ====
 
Write a short paragraph about how the history of Wales influences its culture today.
 
''Example Solution:''
 
The history of Wales, marked by struggles for independence and cultural revival, significantly influences its contemporary culture. The resilience of its people is reflected in the continued use of the Welsh language, traditional music, and vibrant festivals that celebrate its rich heritage.
 
==== Exercise 9: Create a Dialogue ====
 
In pairs, create a dialogue between two historical figures discussing the importance of the Welsh language.
 
''Example Solution:''
 
Character A: "Owain, don't you think the Welsh language is vital for our identity?" 
 
Character B: "Absolutely! It connects us to our heritage and unites our people."
 
==== Exercise 10: Research Task ====
 
Choose a lesser-known event in Welsh history and prepare a brief report to share with the class.
 
''Example Solution:''
 
Research the impact of the 1962 Welsh Language Act on the promotion of Welsh in public life.
 
This lesson has provided you with a foundational understanding of Welsh history, an essential element of learning the Welsh language. By engaging with these historical events and figures, you not only improve your language skills but also deepen your appreciation for Welsh culture.


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Welsh History: An Overview of Key Events and Figures
 
|keywords=Welsh history, Wales, Neolithic era, Norman Conquest, King Edward I, Welsh Industrial Revolution, Welsh Nationalism, Owain Glyndŵr, David Lloyd George, Richard Burton, Roald Dahl
|title=Welsh Culture and History
|description=In this lesson, we explore some of the key events and figures that have shaped Welsh history and identity, from prehistoric times to the present day.
 
|keywords=Welsh history, Welsh culture, key events, historical figures, Welsh language
 
|description=In this lesson, learn about key events and influential figures in Welsh history, enhancing your understanding of Welsh culture and language.
 
}}
}}


{{Welsh-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
{{Template:Welsh-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}


[[Category:Course]]
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[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Welsh-0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Welsh-0-to-A1-Course]]
<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo></span> <span temperature=1></span>
<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 
==Videos==
 
===The Story of Welsh Art - Episode 1 (BBC) - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84TFq-fZwWo</youtube>
 
===The Story of Welsh Art - Episode 3 (BBC) - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wpL03_eRXIQ</youtube>
 
===Welsh Trad Music | A Beginner's Guide - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xoRdSkJLAfw</youtube>
 
 
 
 
 
 
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Welsh/Culture/Famous-Welsh-Writers|Famous Welsh Writers]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Culture/Traditional-Music-and-Dance|Traditional Music and Dance]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Culture/Wales-Timeline|Wales Timeline]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Culture/Holidays-and-Festivals|Holidays and Festivals]]
 




{{Welsh-Page-Bottom}}
{{Welsh-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Welsh/Culture/Famous-Welsh-Writers|◀️ Famous Welsh Writers — Previous Lesson]]
|}
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Latest revision as of 15:18, 2 August 2024

◀️ Famous Welsh Writers — Previous Lesson

Welsh-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Welsh → Culture → 0 to A1 Course → Welsh History

In this lesson, we are going to embark on an exciting journey through Welsh history, exploring the richness and depth of the events and figures that have shaped the culture we see today. Understanding history is not just about dates and facts; it's about connecting with the stories that form the heart of a nation. For Welsh speakers, history is woven into the very fabric of the language itself, influencing expressions, idioms, and the way people relate to their heritage.

This lesson is designed for complete beginners, so we will keep our focus clear and accessible. By the end of this lesson, you will have a foundational understanding of key historical events and figures in Wales, providing a context that enhances your grasp of the Welsh language and culture.

Outline of the Lesson[edit | edit source]

1. Introduction to Welsh History

2. Key Historical Events

3. Important Figures in Welsh History

4. Conclusion: The Importance of History in Language

5. Exercises and Practice Scenarios

Introduction to Welsh History[edit | edit source]

Welsh history is a tapestry of triumphs and tribulations, marked by the resilience of its people and the evolution of its identity. From the early Celtic tribes to modern-day Wales, each era has contributed to the development of a unique culture that is reflected in the Welsh language. Understanding this history not only enriches your language learning but also provides a deeper appreciation for the culture surrounding you.

Key Historical Events[edit | edit source]

Let's explore some pivotal events that have left an indelible mark on Welsh history.

Year Event Description
43 AD Roman Conquest The Romans invaded Britain, bringing significant changes to Wales, including the introduction of new infrastructure and urbanization.
383 AD The Rise of the Kingdoms Following the Roman withdrawal, several kingdoms emerged in Wales, such as Gwynedd and Powys, laying the groundwork for future political structures.
1282 Conquest of Wales Edward I of England invaded Wales, leading to the annexation of Wales and significant changes in governance and land ownership.
1536 Laws in Wales Acts These acts annexed Wales to the Kingdom of England, establishing English law and governance, but also leading to the decline of the Welsh language in official contexts.
1868 Establishment of the University of Wales The University was founded to promote higher education in Wales, marking a significant step towards cultural and educational revival.
1962 The First Welsh Language Act This act aimed to promote the Welsh language in public life, setting the stage for future language rights and protections.
1997 Welsh Devolution Referendum The referendum resulted in the establishment of the National Assembly for Wales, granting Wales greater autonomy and a voice in its governance.
2000 The Welsh Language Act This act provided the Welsh language equal status with English in public life, reinforcing the cultural identity of Wales.
2011 The Welsh Language (Wales) Measure This measure enhanced the rights of Welsh speakers and aimed to increase the use of the Welsh language in everyday life.
2016 The Welsh Government's Strategy for the Welsh Language A strategy aimed at increasing the number of Welsh speakers and promoting the language within communities.

Important Figures in Welsh History[edit | edit source]

Next, let’s shine a light on some influential figures whose contributions have shaped Wales.

Name Contribution Description
Saint David Patron Saint of Wales David, a sixth-century monk, founded monastic communities and was a key figure in spreading Christianity in Wales.
Owain Glyndŵr Leader of the Welsh Revolt In the early 15th century, Glyndŵr led a significant rebellion against English rule, symbolizing Welsh nationalism and pride.
Aneirin Poet and Historian A 6th-century bard, Aneirin composed "Y Gododdin," one of the earliest works of Welsh literature, capturing the spirit of his time.
Lady Llanover Advocate for Welsh Culture In the 19th century, she promoted the use of the Welsh language and traditional Welsh dress, influencing cultural revival.
Tom Jones Iconic Singer A global superstar, Tom Jones represents the rich musical heritage of Wales and has contributed to its cultural identity.
Dylan Thomas Celebrated Poet Known for his lyrical poetry, Thomas's works reflect the beauty of the Welsh landscape and the complexities of human emotions.
Aneurin Bevan Architect of the NHS As a politician, Bevan played a crucial role in the establishment of the National Health Service, impacting healthcare in Wales and beyond.
Roald Dahl Famous Author Born in Cardiff, Dahl's imaginative storytelling has enchanted readers worldwide, showcasing Welsh creativity.
Caradog Prichard Influential Author His novels delve into the lives of Welsh people, exploring themes of identity and culture in a changing world.
Rhodri Morgan Former First Minister A key figure in modern Welsh politics, Morgan advocated for devolution and the strengthening of Welsh identity.

Conclusion: The Importance of History in Language[edit | edit source]

As we conclude this exploration of Welsh history, it is essential to recognize how intertwined language and culture are. The events and figures discussed not only shaped the historical landscape of Wales but also influenced the development of the Welsh language. By learning about history, you gain insights into the expressions, idioms, and cultural references that enrich your understanding of Welsh.

Exercises and Practice Scenarios[edit | edit source]

Now that we have covered key historical events and important figures, let’s put your knowledge to the test with some exercises.

Exercise 1: Timeline Creation[edit | edit source]

Create a timeline of the key events discussed in this lesson. Use the following format:

1. Year: Event

2. Year: Event

3. Year: Event

Example Solution:

1. 43 AD: Roman Conquest

2. 1282: Conquest of Wales

3. 1997: Welsh Devolution Referendum

Exercise 2: Match the Figures[edit | edit source]

Match the historical figure with their contribution.

1. Owain Glyndŵr

2. Saint David

3. Tom Jones

a. Advocate for Welsh Culture

b. Leader of the Welsh Revolt

c. Patron Saint of Wales

Example Solution:

1 - b

2 - c

3 - a

Exercise 3: Short Answer[edit | edit source]

Answer the following questions in a few sentences.

1. Why is Owain Glyndŵr considered a significant figure in Welsh history?

2. Describe the impact of the Laws in Wales Acts of 1536.

Example Solution:

1. Owain Glyndŵr is significant because he led a major rebellion against English rule, symbolizing Welsh nationalism.

2. The Laws in Wales Acts of 1536 annexed Wales to England, establishing English law and impacting the status of the Welsh language.

Exercise 4: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences with the correct historical terms.

1. The _______ in 1282 marked the end of Welsh independence.

2. The _______ of Wales Acts aimed to integrate Welsh law with English law.

Example Solution:

1. Conquest

2. Laws

Exercise 5: Create a Presentation[edit | edit source]

Prepare a short presentation about a Welsh historical figure of your choice. Include their contributions and significance.

Example Solution:

Choose Dylan Thomas and discuss his poetic contributions and their influence on Welsh culture.

Exercise 6: Group Discussion[edit | edit source]

Discuss in pairs the significance of the Welsh language in preserving Welsh history. Share your thoughts with the class afterward.

Exercise 7: Quiz Time[edit | edit source]

Create a quiz with 5 questions based on the lesson. Use multiple-choice format.

1. Who was the patron saint of Wales?

a. Tom Jones

b. Saint David

c. Owain Glyndŵr

Example Solution:

1. b

Exercise 8: Write a Paragraph[edit | edit source]

Write a short paragraph about how the history of Wales influences its culture today.

Example Solution:

The history of Wales, marked by struggles for independence and cultural revival, significantly influences its contemporary culture. The resilience of its people is reflected in the continued use of the Welsh language, traditional music, and vibrant festivals that celebrate its rich heritage.

Exercise 9: Create a Dialogue[edit | edit source]

In pairs, create a dialogue between two historical figures discussing the importance of the Welsh language.

Example Solution:

Character A: "Owain, don't you think the Welsh language is vital for our identity?"

Character B: "Absolutely! It connects us to our heritage and unites our people."

Exercise 10: Research Task[edit | edit source]

Choose a lesser-known event in Welsh history and prepare a brief report to share with the class.

Example Solution:

Research the impact of the 1962 Welsh Language Act on the promotion of Welsh in public life.

This lesson has provided you with a foundational understanding of Welsh history, an essential element of learning the Welsh language. By engaging with these historical events and figures, you not only improve your language skills but also deepen your appreciation for Welsh culture.

Table of Contents - Welsh Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Pronouns and Verbs


Numbers and Time


Questions and Negation


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Drink


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Welsh Traditions and Celebrations


Hobbies and Leisure


Present Continuous and Future


Travel and Transportation


Welsh Literature and History

Videos[edit | edit source]

The Story of Welsh Art - Episode 1 (BBC) - YouTube[edit | edit source]

The Story of Welsh Art - Episode 3 (BBC) - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Welsh Trad Music | A Beginner's Guide - YouTube[edit | edit source]




Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Famous Welsh Writers — Previous Lesson

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