Difference between revisions of "Language/Zulu/Grammar/Past-Tense"

Latest revision as of 07:49, 2 August 2024

◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Future Tense ▶️

Zulu → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Past Tense

Welcome to our lesson on the Past Tense in Zulu! Understanding how to express actions that have already taken place is essential for anyone learning a new language, and Zulu is no exception. The ability to articulate past events not only helps you convey your thoughts more clearly but also enriches your conversations, allowing you to share experiences and stories.

In this lesson, we will explore how to form and use the past tense in Zulu. We will look at both regular and irregular verbs, delve into the nuances of negation, and provide you with practical examples to solidify your understanding. By the end of this lesson, you'll be well-equipped to talk about things you've done, share your experiences, and even tell a story or two!

Importance of the Past Tense in Zulu[edit | edit source]

The past tense plays a crucial role in everyday conversations. Whether you are recounting what you did yesterday, sharing your thoughts about a family gathering, or discussing your travels, knowing how to use the past tense effectively will make your interactions more engaging and relatable. It allows you to connect with others by sharing experiences and emotions tied to those events.

Structure of the Lesson[edit | edit source]

Our lesson will be divided into the following sections:

Overview of Past Tense Formation

Regular Verbs in the Past Tense

Irregular Verbs in the Past Tense

Negation in the Past Tense

Practical Exercises

Overview of Past Tense Formation[edit | edit source]

In Zulu, forming the past tense involves changing the verb stem to indicate that an action has already happened. The basic structure for forming the past tense is relatively straightforward, but it does require some attention to detail, especially with irregular verbs.

Basic Structure[edit | edit source]

The past tense in Zulu is typically formed by adding a suffix to the verb root. In most cases, the suffix "-e" is used for regular verbs.

For example:

The verb "funda" (to read) becomes "fundile" (read).

The verb "hamba" (to go) becomes "hambe" (went).

However, as with any language, there are exceptions to these rules, particularly with irregular verbs.

Regular Verbs in the Past Tense[edit | edit source]

Regular verbs follow a predictable pattern. Let's take a look at some examples of regular verbs in the past tense.

Zulu	Pronunciation	English
funda	ˈfunda	read
hamba	ˈhamba	go
thanda	ˈtʰanda	love
bhalela	ˈbʱalɛla	write
dlala	ˈd͡ɭala	play
phuma	ˈpʰuma	leave
sebenza	səˈbɛnzɑ	work
bamba	ˈbamba	catch
shaya	ˈʃaja	hit
thola	ˈtʰola	find

Irregular Verbs in the Past Tense[edit | edit source]

Irregular verbs do not follow the standard rules of conjugation. Here are some common irregular verbs in Zulu:

Zulu	Pronunciation	English
kona	ˈkɔna	be
fika	ˈfika	arrive
bamba	ˈbamba	catch
phuma	ˈpʰuma	leave
bona	ˈbona	see
qala	ˈqala	start
thola	ˈtʰola	find
phela	ˈpʰela	finish
khona	ˈkʰɔna	exist
hamba	ˈhamba	go

Notice that the changes in the verb forms are not consistent, which is why it's essential to memorize these irregular forms.

Negation in the Past Tense[edit | edit source]

Negating sentences in the past tense can be a bit trickier, but it's an important skill to master. To negate a past tense verb in Zulu, you typically use the prefix "a-" before the verb stem and the suffix "-e" still applies.

For example:

"Ngifunde" (I read) becomes "Angifundanga" (I did not read).

"Ngihamba" (I went) becomes "Angihambanga" (I did not go).

Let's see some examples to clarify this:

Zulu	Pronunciation	English
Angifundanga	ˈaŋifundɑŋɑ	I did not read
Angihambanga	ˈaŋihɑmˈbɑŋɑ	I did not go
Angithandanga	ˈaŋitʰɑndɑŋɑ	I did not love
Angibhalele	ˈaŋibhalɛle	I did not write
Angidlalanga	ˈaŋid͡ɭɑlɑŋɑ	I did not play
Angiphumanga	ˈaŋipʰumɑŋɑ	I did not leave
Angisebenzanga	ˈaŋisɛbɛn̩zɑŋɑ	I did not work
Angibambanga	ˈaŋibambɑŋɑ	I did not catch
Angishayanga	ˈaŋiʃɑjɑŋɑ	I did not hit
Angitholanga	ˈaŋitʰolɑŋɑ	I did not find

By mastering this structure, you can easily express negation in your past tense sentences.

Practical Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that we've covered the formation and usage of the past tense in Zulu, let's put your knowledge to the test with some exercises. These activities will help reinforce what you've learned and give you a chance to practice using past tense verbs in context.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct past tense form of the verb in parentheses.

1. Ngifunda _______ (funda) iNcwadi. (I read a book.)

2. UJohn _______ (hamba) emsebenzini. (John went to work.)

3. Izingane _______ (dlala) ngaphandle. (The children played outside.)

4. Ngiphuma _______ (phuma) endlini. (I left the house.)

5. UThandi _______ (thanda) ukudla. (Thandi loved food.)

Exercise 2: Negation Practice[edit | edit source]

Convert the following sentences into their negative forms.

1. Ngihamba emsebenzini. (I went to work.)

2. Ngifunda iNcwadi. (I read a book.)

3. UThandi udlala kahle. (Thandi played well.)

4. Ngithola imali. (I found money.)

5. Izingane zidlala. (The children played.)

Exercise 3: Create Your Own Sentences[edit | edit source]

Write sentences in the past tense using the following verbs:

1. funda (to read)

2. hamba (to go)

3. thanda (to love)

4. bhalela (to write)

5. shaya (to hit)

Exercise 4: Verb Matching[edit | edit source]

Match the regular verbs to their past tense forms.

1. hamba

2. funda

3. dlala

4. thola

5. phuma

a. _______ hambe

b. _______ fundile

c. _______ dladile

d. _______ thole

e. _______ phume

Exercise 5: Past Tense Questions[edit | edit source]

Formulate questions in the past tense based on the following prompts.

1. What did you read?

2. Where did you go?

3. Did you play yesterday?

4. Who did you love?

5. When did you leave the house?

Exercise 6: Transformation Exercise[edit | edit source]

Transform the following sentences into the past tense.

1. Ngiyagijima. (I am running.)

2. Ngiyaphuma. (I am leaving.)

3. Ngiyathanda. (I love.)

4. Ngiyadlala. (I play.)

5. Ngiyahamba. (I go.)

Exercise 7: Group Discussion[edit | edit source]

In pairs, discuss what you did last weekend using the past tense. Make sure to use both regular and irregular verbs.

Exercise 8: Short Story Creation[edit | edit source]

Write a short story about your last vacation using at least five different past tense verbs.

Exercise 9: Peer Review[edit | edit source]

Exchange your short story with a partner. Provide feedback on their use of the past tense.

Exercise 10: Verb Conjugation Table[edit | edit source]

Create a table of five regular verbs and five irregular verbs, listing their present and past tense forms.

Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

Solutions for Exercise 1[edit | edit source]

1. Ngifunda fundile iNcwadi.

2. UJohn hambe emsebenzini.

3. Izingane dladile ngaphandle.

4. Ngiphuma phume endlini.

5. UThandi thandile ukudla.

Solutions for Exercise 2[edit | edit source]

1. Angihambanga emsebenzini.

2. Angifundanga iNcwadi.

3. UThandi angadlali kahle.

4. Angitholanga imali.

5. Izingane azidlali.

Solutions for Exercise 3[edit | edit source]

(Answers will vary; examples below)

1. Ngifunde iNcwadi. (I read a book.)

2. Ngihambe emsebenzini. (I went to work.)

3. Ngithande ukudla. (I loved food.)

4. Ngibhalele incwadi. (I wrote a letter.)

5. Ngishaye ibhola. (I hit the ball.)

Solutions for Exercise 4[edit | edit source]

1 - a (hambe)

2 - b (fundile)

3 - c (dladile)

4 - d (thole)

5 - e (phume)

Solutions for Exercise 5[edit | edit source]

(Answers will vary; examples below)

1. Wenzeni? (What did you read?)

2. Uphi? (Where did you go?)

3. Ngiyadla? (Did you play yesterday?)

4. Uthandani? (Who did you love?)

5. Uwhenzi? (When did you leave the house?)

Solutions for Exercise 6[edit | edit source]

1. Ngifundile. (I read.)

2. Ngiphumile. (I left.)

3. Ngithandile. (I loved.)

4. Ngidlalile. (I played.)

5. Ngihambile. (I went.)

Solutions for Exercise 7[edit | edit source]

(Answers will vary; students should practice speaking in pairs.)

Solutions for Exercise 8[edit | edit source]

(Answers will vary; students should write a story based on their experiences.)

Solutions for Exercise 9[edit | edit source]

(Answers will vary; students should provide peer feedback.)

Solutions for Exercise 10[edit | edit source]

| Regular Verbs | Present Tense | Past Tense |

|---------------|---------------|-------------|

| funda | funda | fundile |

| hamba | hamba | hambe |

| thanda | thanda | thandile |

| bhalela | bhalela | bhalile |

| phuma | phuma | phume |

| Irregular Verbs | Present Tense | Past Tense |

|----------------|---------------|-------------|

| kona | kona | kube |

| fika | fika | fikile |

| bona | bona | bonywe |

| thola | thola | tholile |

| hamba | hamba | hambe |

Congratulations on completing this lesson on the past tense in Zulu! Keep practicing, and soon you'll be sharing your stories effortlessly.

Table of Contents - Zulu Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Introduction to Zulu

Greetings and Introductions

Nouns and Pronouns

Numbers and Time

Verbs and Tenses

Family and Relationships

Adjectives and Adverbs

Food and Dining

Prepositions and Conjunctions

Travel and Transportation

Zulu Culture and Traditions

Videos[edit | edit source]

Past Tense Grammar - Inkathi Edlulile - How to speak isiZulu ...[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Future Tense ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Zulu/Grammar/Present-Tense|◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Zulu/Grammar/Future-Tense|Next Lesson — Future Tense ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>
 {{Zulu-Page-Top}}
+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Zulu|Zulu]]  → [[Language/Zulu/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Zulu/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Past Tense</div>
+Welcome to our lesson on the Past Tense in Zulu! Understanding how to express actions that have already taken place is essential for anyone learning a new language, and Zulu is no exception. The ability to articulate past events not only helps you convey your thoughts more clearly but also enriches your conversations, allowing you to share experiences and stories.
-<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Zulu|Zulu]]  → [[Language/Zulu/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Zulu/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Tenses → Past Tense</div>
+In this lesson, we will explore how to form and use the past tense in Zulu. We will look at both regular and irregular verbs, delve into the nuances of negation, and provide you with practical examples to solidify your understanding. By the end of this lesson, you'll be well-equipped to talk about things you've done, share your experiences, and even tell a story or two!
 __TOC__
-==Forming the Past Tense==
+=== Importance of the Past Tense in Zulu ===
+The past tense plays a crucial role in everyday conversations. Whether you are recounting what you did yesterday, sharing your thoughts about a family gathering, or discussing your travels, knowing how to use the past tense effectively will make your interactions more engaging and relatable. It allows you to connect with others by sharing experiences and emotions tied to those events.
+=== Structure of the Lesson ===
+Our lesson will be divided into the following sections:
+* Overview of Past Tense Formation
+* Regular Verbs in the Past Tense
+* Irregular Verbs in the Past Tense
+* Negation in the Past Tense
+* Practical Exercises
+== Overview of Past Tense Formation ==
+In Zulu, forming the past tense involves changing the verb stem to indicate that an action has already happened. The basic structure for forming the past tense is relatively straightforward, but it does require some attention to detail, especially with irregular verbs.
+=== Basic Structure ===
-<p>In Zulu, the past tense is used to describe actions or events that have already happened. To form the past tense, you will need to add a suffix to the verb stem. The suffix differs depending on the verb class, and whether the verb is regular or irregular.</p>
+The past tense in Zulu is typically formed by adding a suffix to the verb root. In most cases, the suffix "-e" is used for regular verbs.
-===Regular Verbs===
+For example:
-<p>Regular verbs follow a predictable pattern when conjugated in the past tense. To form the past tense of a regular verb, add the suffix "-ile" to the verb stem. Here are a few examples:</p>
+* The verb "funda" (to read) becomes "fundile" (read).
+* The verb "hamba" (to go) becomes "hambe" (went).
+However, as with any language, there are exceptions to these rules, particularly with irregular verbs.
+=== Regular Verbs in the Past Tense ===
+Regular verbs follow a predictable pattern. Let's take a look at some examples of regular verbs in the past tense.
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Zulu !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| funda || ˈfunda || read
+|-
+| hamba || ˈhamba || go
+|-
+| thanda || ˈtʰanda || love
+|-
+| bhalela || ˈbʱalɛla || write
+|-
+| dlala || ˈd͡ɭala || play
+|-
+| phuma || ˈpʰuma || leave
 |-
-| ukudla || ookoo-dla || to eat
+| sebenza || səˈbɛnzɑ || work
 |-
-| ukubona || ooh-koo-boh-na || to see
+| bamba || ˈbamba || catch
 |-
-| ukuthanda || ooh-koo-thahn-dah || to love
+| shaya || ˈʃaja || hit
 |-
-| ukugwema || ooh-koo-gway-mah || to walk
+| thola || ˈtʰola || find
 |}
-<p>Notice that the verb stem remains unchanged, and the "-ile" suffix is added at the end.</p>
+=== Irregular Verbs in the Past Tense ===
-===Irregular Verbs===
+Irregular verbs do not follow the standard rules of conjugation. Here are some common irregular verbs in Zulu:
-<p>Irregular verbs do not follow the same pattern as regular verbs. Instead, they have unique conjugations in the past tense. Here are a few examples:</p>
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Zulu !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| kona || ˈkɔna || be
+|-
+| fika || ˈfika || arrive
+|-
+| bamba || ˈbamba || catch
+|-
+| phuma || ˈpʰuma || leave
+|-
+| bona || ˈbona || see
+|-
+| qala || ˈqala || start
+|-
+| thola || ˈtʰola || find
+|-
+| phela || ˈpʰela || finish
+|-
+| khona || ˈkʰɔna || exist
+|-
+| hamba || ˈhamba || go
+|}
+Notice that the changes in the verb forms are not consistent, which is why it's essential to memorize these irregular forms.
+=== Negation in the Past Tense ===
+Negating sentences in the past tense can be a bit trickier, but it's an important skill to master. To negate a past tense verb in Zulu, you typically use the prefix "a-" before the verb stem and the suffix "-e" still applies.
+For example:
+* "Ngifunde" (I read) becomes "Angifundanga" (I did not read).
+* "Ngihamba" (I went) becomes "Angihambanga" (I did not go).
+Let's see some examples to clarify this:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Zulu !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| ukubuyela || ooh-koo-boo-yeh-lah || to return
+| Angifundanga || ˈaŋifundɑŋɑ || I did not read
 |-
-| ukwethula || ooh-kweh-too-lah || to speak
+| Angihambanga || ˈaŋihɑmˈbɑŋɑ || I did not go
+|-
+| Angithandanga || ˈaŋitʰɑndɑŋɑ || I did not love
+|-
+| Angibhalele || ˈaŋibhalɛle || I did not write
+|-
+| Angidlalanga || ˈaŋid͡ɭɑlɑŋɑ || I did not play
+|-
+| Angiphumanga || ˈaŋipʰumɑŋɑ || I did not leave
+|-
+| Angisebenzanga || ˈaŋisɛbɛn̩zɑŋɑ || I did not work
+|-
+| Angibambanga || ˈaŋibambɑŋɑ || I did not catch
+|-
+| Angishayanga || ˈaŋiʃɑjɑŋɑ || I did not hit
 |-
-| ukudlala || ookoo-dla-lah || to play
+| Angitholanga || ˈaŋitʰolɑŋɑ || I did not find
 |}
-<p>Notice that the verbs do not follow the pattern of adding the "-ile" suffix. Instead, they have a different suffix or a completely different conjugation.</p>
+By mastering this structure, you can easily express negation in your past tense sentences.
+== Practical Exercises ==
-==Using the Past Tense==
+Now that we've covered the formation and usage of the past tense in Zulu, let's put your knowledge to the test with some exercises. These activities will help reinforce what you've learned and give you a chance to practice using past tense verbs in context.
-<p>The past tense is used to describe actions or events that have already happened. It is often used in storytelling, or to describe an event in the past. Here are a few examples:</p>
+=== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ===
-<ul>
+Fill in the blanks with the correct past tense form of the verb in parentheses.
-  <li>Ngikhuluma ngesonto eli past tense. (I spoke about last week.)</li>
-  <li>Uyathanda ukudla isinkwa sakhe. (He loved to eat his bread.)</li>
-  <li>Ngafika ekhaya ngemva kokuba ngikhokhele imikhuba. (I arrived home after hitchhiking.)</li>
-</ul>
-==Negation==
+. Ngifunda _______ (funda) iNcwadi. (I read a book.)
-<p>To negate a verb in the past tense, use the negative particle "anga" before the verb. For example:</p>
+. UJohn _______ (hamba) emsebenzini. (John went to work.)
-<ul>
+. Izingane _______ (dlala) ngaphandle. (The children played outside.)
-  <li>Angadlali ibhola. (He did not play soccer.)</li>
-  <li>Angazi ukuthi wathini. (I do not know what he said.)</li>
-  <li>Akangitsandza ukukhuluma naye. (She did not want to talk to me.)</li>
-</ul>
-==Summary==
+. Ngiphuma _______ (phuma) endlini. (I left the house.)
-<ul>
+. UThandi _______ (thanda) ukudla. (Thandi loved food.)
-  <li>The past tense is used to describe actions or events that have already happened.</li>
-  <li>To form the past tense of a regular verb, add the "-ile" suffix to the verb stem.</li>
+=== Exercise 2: Negation Practice ===
-  <li>Irregular verbs have unique conjugations in the past tense.</li>
-  <li>To negate a verb in the past tense, use the negative particle "anga" before the verb.</li>
+Convert the following sentences into their negative forms.
-</ul>
+. Ngihamba emsebenzini. (I went to work.)
+. Ngifunda iNcwadi. (I read a book.)
+. UThandi udlala kahle. (Thandi played well.)
+. Ngithola imali. (I found money.)
+. Izingane zidlala. (The children played.)
+=== Exercise 3: Create Your Own Sentences ===
+Write sentences in the past tense using the following verbs:
+. funda (to read)
+. hamba (to go)
+. thanda (to love)
+. bhalela (to write)
+. shaya (to hit)
+=== Exercise 4: Verb Matching ===
+Match the regular verbs to their past tense forms.
+. hamba
+. funda
+. dlala
+. thola
+. phuma
+a. _______ hambe
+b. _______ fundile
+c. _______ dladile
+d. _______ thole
+e. _______ phume
+=== Exercise 5: Past Tense Questions ===
+Formulate questions in the past tense based on the following prompts.
+. What did you read?
+. Where did you go?
+. Did you play yesterday?
+. Who did you love?
+. When did you leave the house?
+=== Exercise 6: Transformation Exercise ===
+Transform the following sentences into the past tense.
+. Ngiyagijima. (I am running.)
+. Ngiyaphuma. (I am leaving.)
+. Ngiyathanda. (I love.)
+. Ngiyadlala. (I play.)
+. Ngiyahamba. (I go.)
+=== Exercise 7: Group Discussion ===
+In pairs, discuss what you did last weekend using the past tense. Make sure to use both regular and irregular verbs.
+=== Exercise 8: Short Story Creation ===
+Write a short story about your last vacation using at least five different past tense verbs.
+=== Exercise 9: Peer Review ===
+Exchange your short story with a partner. Provide feedback on their use of the past tense.
+=== Exercise 10: Verb Conjugation Table ===
+Create a table of five regular verbs and five irregular verbs, listing their present and past tense forms.
+== Solutions and Explanations ==
+=== Solutions for Exercise 1 ===
+. Ngifunda '''fundile''' iNcwadi.
+. UJohn '''hambe''' emsebenzini.
+. Izingane '''dladile''' ngaphandle.
+. Ngiphuma '''phume''' endlini.
+. UThandi '''thandile''' ukudla.
+=== Solutions for Exercise 2 ===
+. Angihambanga emsebenzini.
+. Angifundanga iNcwadi.
+. UThandi '''angadlali''' kahle.
+. Angitholanga imali.
+. Izingane '''azidlali'''.
+=== Solutions for Exercise 3 ===
+(Answers will vary; examples below)
+. Ngifunde iNcwadi. (I read a book.)
+. Ngihambe emsebenzini. (I went to work.)
+. Ngithande ukudla. (I loved food.)
+. Ngibhalele incwadi. (I wrote a letter.)
+. Ngishaye ibhola. (I hit the ball.)
+=== Solutions for Exercise 4 ===
+- a (hambe)
+- b (fundile)
+- c (dladile)
+- d (thole)
+- e (phume)
+=== Solutions for Exercise 5 ===
+(Answers will vary; examples below)
+. Wenzeni? (What did you read?)
+. Uphi? (Where did you go?)
+. Ngiyadla? (Did you play yesterday?)
+. Uthandani? (Who did you love?)
+. Uwhenzi? (When did you leave the house?)
+=== Solutions for Exercise 6 ===
+. Ngifundile. (I read.)
+. Ngiphumile. (I left.)
+. Ngithandile. (I loved.)
+. Ngidlalile. (I played.)
+. Ngihambile. (I went.)
+=== Solutions for Exercise 7 ===
+(Answers will vary; students should practice speaking in pairs.)
+=== Solutions for Exercise 8 ===
+(Answers will vary; students should write a story based on their experiences.)
+=== Solutions for Exercise 9 ===
+(Answers will vary; students should provide peer feedback.)
+=== Solutions for Exercise 10 ===
+| Regular Verbs  | Present Tense | Past Tense  |
+|---------------|---------------|-------------|
+| funda         | funda         | fundile     |
+| hamba         | hamba         | hambe       |
+| thanda        | thanda        | thandile    |
+| bhalela       | bhalela       | bhalile     |
+| phuma         | phuma         | phume       |
+| Irregular Verbs | Present Tense | Past Tense  |
+|----------------|---------------|-------------|
+| kona           | kona          | kube        |
+| fika           | fika          | fikile      |
+| bona           | bona          | bonywe      |
+| thola          | thola         | tholile     |
+| hamba          | hamba         | hambe       |
+Congratulations on completing this lesson on the past tense in Zulu! Keep practicing, and soon you'll be sharing your stories effortlessly.
 {{#seo:
-|title=Zulu Grammar: Verbs and Tenses: Past Tense
-|keywords=Zulu, grammar, verbs, tenses, past tense, negation
+|title=Learn Zulu Past Tense: A Comprehensive Beginner's Guide
-|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the past tense in Zulu, including regular and irregular verbs, as well as negation.
+|keywords=Zulu grammar, past tense, Zulu language, learning Zulu, Zulu verbs, negation in Zulu
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the past tense in Zulu, including regular and irregular verbs, as well as negation. Perfect for complete beginners aiming for A1 level proficiency.
 }}
-{{Zulu-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
+{{Template:Zulu-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
 [[Category:Course]]
@@ Line 85: / Line 465: @@
 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Zulu-0-to-A1-Course]]
-<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo></span> <span temperature=1></span>
+<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 ==Videos==
@@ Line 93: / Line 471: @@
 ===Past Tense Grammar - Inkathi Edlulile - How to speak isiZulu ...===
 <youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9yGnOM0Txdg</youtube>
+==Sources==
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu_grammar Zulu grammar - Wikipedia]
+* [http://ilovelanguages.org/zulu_lesson14.php Zulu Lesson 14 - Past Tense and Colors]
+* [https://www.pinterest.com/pin/644999977871831461/ Past Tense Grammar - Inkathi Edlulile - How to speak isiZulu ...]
@@ Line 105: / Line 492: @@
 * [[Language/Zulu/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
 * [[Language/Zulu/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
 {{Zulu-Page-Bottom}}
-<span links></span>
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Zulu/Grammar/Present-Tense|◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Zulu/Grammar/Future-Tense|Next Lesson — Future Tense ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>