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{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Northern-uzbek/Grammar/Relative-Clauses|◀️ Relative Clauses — Previous Lesson]]
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{{Northern-uzbek-Page-Top}}
{{Northern-uzbek-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Northern-uzbek|Northern Uzbek]]  → [[Language/Northern-uzbek/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Northern-uzbek/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Indirect Discourse</div>
Introduction
------------
Welcome to this exciting lesson on '''Indirect Discourse''' in Northern Uzbek! As we dive into the nuances of reporting speech and thoughts, you will discover how to convey what others have said or thought without quoting them directly. This skill is essential for effective communication in any language, allowing you to narrate stories, share experiences, and discuss others' opinions seamlessly.
In Northern Uzbek, indirect discourse can add depth and subtlety to your conversations, making your language richer and more expressive. Throughout this lesson, we will explore the structure and usage of indirect discourse, providing you with ample examples and opportunities to practice.


<div class="pg_page_title">Northern Uzbek Grammar → Advanced Sentence Structures → Indirect Discourse</div>
__TOC__
__TOC__


In this lesson, we will be learning about indirect discourse, also known as reported speech. Indirect discourse is used to report what someone said or thought without using their exact words. This is a helpful tool in Northern Uzbek language to convey information accurately in various settings like journalism, literature, legal, and academic writing.
=== What is Indirect Discourse? ===


== Overview ==
Indirect discourse, also known as reported speech, is a way of expressing what someone else has said or thought without using their exact words. Instead of quoting them directly, you can paraphrase their message while maintaining its original meaning.
Indirect discourse can be used in everyday life situations like reporting a conversation or retelling a story that was heard from someone else. It is also used in various formats like news, interviews, and academic writing. In Northern Uzbek language, when using indirect discourse, one can use different verb forms to show the different levels of certainty and the level of quotation.  


==Introduction to Indirect Discourse==
For example:
Indirect discourse refers to conveying a message that is originally spoken or thought by someone in our own words. In Northern Uzbek language, indirect discourse changes the verb tense and pronoun according to the reported speech content's subject, tense, and purpose. Reports of speeches or thoughts usually begin with verbs like "suzlash" or "aytdi" which means "says" or "said." 


==Indirect Discourse with If and Question Words==
* Direct Speech: "I am going to the market," she said.
In Northern Uzbek language, there are different ways to express indirect discourse with conditional statements and questions words. For example, the word "agar," which means "if," is used to convey conditional sentences in indirect discourse. Similarly, the question words "kim," "qayerda," "qanday," and "nimaga" can be used to report question-based indirect discourse. These conjunctions are used to convert direct questions into indirect mode.


Example:
* Indirect Discourse: She said that she was going to the market.
 
In Northern Uzbek, the transformation from direct to indirect discourse often involves changes in verb tense, pronouns, and sometimes the structure of the sentence itself.
 
=== Importance of Indirect Discourse in Northern Uzbek ===
 
Understanding indirect discourse is crucial for several reasons:
 
* '''Enhances Communication:''' It allows you to summarize conversations, making it easier to share information without overloading your listener with direct quotes.
 
* '''Cultural Relevance:''' In Northern Uzbek culture, storytelling often involves paraphrasing others, which means mastering this skill can help you connect more deeply with native speakers.
 
* '''Language Proficiency:''' Mastery of indirect discourse demonstrates a higher level of language proficiency, enabling more nuanced and sophisticated communication.
 
=== The Structure of Indirect Discourse ===
 
The structure of indirect discourse in Northern Uzbek generally follows this pattern:
 
1. '''Reporting Verb''': This is often a verb like "to say" (aytmoq) or "to think" (o'ylamoq).
 
2. '''Conjunction''': The word "that" (ki) is commonly used to introduce the reported speech.
 
3. '''Reported Clause''': The sentence that conveys the initial message, adjusted for tense and pronouns.
 
== Example Structure:
 
* Direct: Ota dedi: "Men ishga boryapman." (Father said: "I am going to work.")
 
* Indirect: Ota dedi ki, u ishga boryapti. (Father said that he is going to work.)
 
=== Key Changes in Indirect Discourse ===
 
When converting direct speech to indirect discourse, a few key changes usually occur:
 
* '''Pronouns''': Pronouns may change to match the perspective of the speaker.
 
* '''Tense''': The verb tense often shifts back (e.g., present to past).
 
* '''Time Indicators''': Words indicating time may need to be adjusted (e.g., "today" might change to "that day").
 
=== Examples of Indirect Discourse ===
 
Now, let's explore some examples to better understand how to implement indirect discourse in Northern Uzbek.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Direct Discourse !! Indirect Discourse
 
|---
! Northern Uzbek !! Pronunciation !! English
| Shunchaki, "Men sushi yaxshi ko'raman," dedi. || U aytganicha, "Men sushi yaxshi ko'raman" degan edi.
 
|-
 
| U dedi: "Men uyda emasman." || U dedi: "Men uyda emasman." || He said, "I am not home."
 
|-
 
| U dedi ki, u uyda emas. || U dedi ki, u uyda emas. || He said that he was not home.
 
|-
 
| U aytadi: "Men yaxshi his qilyapman." || U aytadi: "Men yaxshi his qilyapman." || She says, "I feel good."
 
|-
 
| U aytadi ki, u yaxshi his qilyapti. || U aytadi ki, u yaxshi his qilyapti. || She says that she feels good.
 
|-
 
| U o'yladi: "Bu ish juda qiyin." || U o'yladi: "Bu ish juda qiyin." || He thought, "This task is very difficult."
 
|-
 
| U o'yladi ki, bu ish juda qiyin. || U o'yladi ki, bu ish juda qiyin. || He thought that this task was very difficult.
 
|-
 
| U dedi: "Men kechqurun kelaman." || U dedi: "Men kechqurun kelaman." || She said, "I will come in the evening."
 
|-
 
| U dedi ki, u kechqurun keladi. || U dedi ki, u kechqurun keladi. || She said that she would come in the evening.
 
|-
 
| U aytdi: "Biz buni bajaramiz." || U aytdi: "Biz buni bajaramiz." || He said, "We will do this."
 
|-
 
| U aytdi ki, ular buni bajarayotgan. || U aytdi ki, ular buni bajarayotgan. || He said that they were doing this.
 
|-
 
| U dedi: "Mening dostim menga yordam beradi." || U dedi: "Mening dostim menga yordam beradi." || She said, "My friend helps me."
 
|-
 
| U dedi ki, uning dostlari unga yordam berishadi. || U dedi ki, uning dostlari unga yordam berishadi. || She said that her friends would help her.
 
|-
 
| U o'ylaydi: "U meni sevadi." || U o'ylaydi: "U meni sevadi." || He thinks, "She loves me."
 
|-
 
| U o'ylaydi ki, u uni sevadi. || U o'ylaydi ki, u uni sevadi. || He thinks that she loves him.
 
|-
 
| U yozadi: "Men kitob o'qiyapman." || U yozadi: "Men kitob o'qiyapman." || She writes, "I am reading a book."
 
|-
 
| U yozadi ki, u kitob o'qiyotgan. || U yozadi ki, u kitob o'qiyotgan. || She writes that she is reading a book.
 
|-
 
| U dedi: "Men buni bilaman." || U dedi: "Men buni bilaman." || He said, "I know this."
 
|-
 
| U dedi ki, u buni biladi. || U dedi ki, u buni biladi. || He said that he knew this.
 
|-
 
| U so'radi: "Sen kelasanmi?" || U so'radi: "Sen kelasanmi?" || She asked, "Are you coming?"
 
|-
 
| U so'radi ki, sen kelayapsanmi? || U so'radi ki, sen kelayapsanmi? || She asked if you were coming.
 
|-
 
| U dedi: "Bu juda qiziqarli." || U dedi: "Bu juda qiziqarli." || He said, "This is very interesting."
 
|-
 
| U dedi ki, bu juda qiziqarli. || U dedi ki, bu juda qiziqarli. || He said that this was very interesting.
 
|}
|}


Translation: "I like sushi," he said. || He said he liked sushi.
=== Practice Exercises ===


In this example, the indirect discourse is formed by changing the direct speech verb tense and pronoun according to their subject, beginning the sentence with the word "U" implies he, and then moving the sentence's verb form in the past tense.
Now that you have learned about indirect discourse, let's put your knowledge to the test! Below are exercises designed to help you practice converting direct speech into indirect discourse.


==Indirect Discourse with Adverbs==
=== Exercise 1: Convert Direct to Indirect Discourse ===
In indirect discourse, adverbs like "kabi," which means "as," or "dek," which means "like," can also be used. They help to give the essence or tone of the original statement. They can also be used to contrast a previous statement or to add clarification about the original statement.


Example:
Convert the following sentences from direct to indirect discourse.


{| class="wikitable"
1. U dedi: "Men yangi kitob sotib oldim." (He said, "I bought a new book.")
! Direct Discourse !! Indirect Discourse
 
|---
2. U aytdi: "Biz dam olishga boramiz." (She said, "We will go on vacation.")
| "Men sinfdan chiqib, mashin bilan yurgan edim," dedi. || U aytganicha, sinfdan chiqib, mashin bilan yurgan edi, kabi.
 
|}
3. U o'yladi: "Bu juda qiyin." (He thought, "This is very difficult.")
 
4. U so'radi: "Siz buni bajara olasizmi?" (She asked, "Can you do this?")
 
5. U dedi: "Mening onam pishirgan." (He said, "My mother cooked.")
 
=== Exercise 2: Identify Changes in Tense and Pronouns ===
 
Identify the changes in tense and pronouns in the following examples.
 
1. U dedi: "Men hozir kelyapman." (He said, "I am coming now.")
 
2. U o'yladi: "Bu ishni bajarmoqchiman." (She thought, "I want to do this task.")
 
3. U dedi: "Biz buni bilmaymiz." (He said, "We do not know this.")
 
4. U so'radi: "U keladi, to'g'rimi?" (She asked, "He is coming, right?")
 
5. U dedi: "Mening do'stim menga yordam beradi." (He said, "My friend helps me.")
 
=== Exercise 3: Create Your Own Sentences ===
 
Create your own sentences in indirect discourse based on the following prompts:
 
1. Your friend said they are going to a concert.
 
2. Your sister asked if you want to join her for lunch.
 
3. Your mother said she will call you tomorrow.
 
4. Your teacher said that the exam is next week.
 
5. Your colleague mentioned that the project is due soon.
 
=== Exercise 4: Fill in the Blanks ===
 
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in indirect discourse.
 
1. U dedi ki, u ... (kelmoq) ... (He said that he is coming.)
 
2. U o'yladi ki, bu ... (qiyin) ... (He thought that this is difficult.)
 
3. U so'radi ki, siz ... (bajarmoq) ... (She asked if you can do it.)
 
4. U dedi ki, men ... (bilmoq) ... (He said that he knows.)
 
5. U aytdi ki, ular ... (kelmoq) ... (She said that they are coming.)
 
=== Exercise 5: Rewrite the Sentences ===
 
Rewrite the following sentences in indirect discourse.
 
1. "Men o'qiyapman," dedi u. (She said, "I am reading.")
 
2. "Biz kelamiz," dedi ular. (They said, "We are coming.")
 
3. "U meni sevadi," dedi u. (He said, "She loves me.")
 
4. "Siz buni qila olmaysiz," dedi u. (He said, "You cannot do this.")
 
5. "Men bu haqda o'ylayman," dedi u. (She said, "I will think about this.")
 
=== Answers and Explanations for Exercises ===
 
'''Exercise 1 Solutions:'''
 
1. U dedi ki, u yangi kitob sotib oldi.
 
2. U aytdi ki, ular dam olishga boradi.
 
3. U o'yladi ki, bu juda qiyin edi.
 
4. U so'radi ki, siz buni bajara olasizmi?
 
5. U dedi ki, uning onasi pishirdi.
 
'''Exercise 2 Solutions:'''
 
1. Tense: Present to past; Pronoun: "Men" to "u."
 
2. Tense: Present to past; Pronoun: "Men" to "u."
 
3. Tense: Present to past; Pronoun: "Biz" to "ular."
 
4. Tense: Present to past; Pronoun: "U" remains the same.
 
5. Tense: Present to past; Pronoun: "Mening" remains the same.
 
'''Exercise 3 Solutions:'''
 
(Students will create their own sentences, but here are examples.)
 
1. U dedi ki, u konsertga boradi.
 
2. U so'radi ki, men uning bilan tushlik qilishni xohlaymanmi.
 
3. U dedi ki, u meni ertaga chaqiradi.
 
4. U o'qituvchi dedi ki, imtihon keyingi hafta.
 
5. U hamkasb dedi ki, loyiha tez orada muddatli.
 
'''Exercise 4 Solutions:'''
 
1. U dedi ki, u kelmoqda.
 
2. U o'yladi ki, bu qiyin.
 
3. U so'radi ki, siz bajara olasizmi.
 
4. U dedi ki, men bilaman.


Translation: "I left the class and went for a ride in a car," he said. || He said he left the class and went for a ride in the car, like.
5. U aytdi ki, ular kelmoqda.


In this example, the indirect discourse is formed by adding an adverb "kabi" with the verb's end, which describes the essence or purpose of the original sentence.
'''Exercise 5 Solutions:'''


==Indirect Discourse with Causative Verbs or Nouns==
1. U dedi ki, u o'qiyapti.
In some cases, indirect discourse can be formed by using causative constructions with verbs like "ber-" which means "to give," or nouns like "tartib." In these cases, the structure of the original sentence is retained or partially retained, and the speaker only adds an additional part of speech to show that the original subject influenced the outcome.


Examples:
2. Ular dedi ki, ular keladi.


{| class="wikitable"
3. U dedi ki, u meni sevadi.
! Direct Discourse !! Indirect Discourse
|---
| "Men kitobni o'rgatishni boshlaganman," dedi. || U aytganicha, men kitobni o'rganib bo'lganman deb hisoblashdi.
|---
| "Masha choy ichmadim," dedi. || U aytganicha, Masha choy ichishi uchun buyurtma bergan edi.
|}


Translation: "I have started learning a book," he said. || He said he had considered himself to have learned the book.
4. U dedi ki, siz buni qila olmaysiz.


Translation: "Masha did not drink tea," she said. || She said Masha ordered tea.
5. U dedi ki, u bu haqda o'ylaydi.


In these examples, the indirect discourse is formed by adding a causative verb or a noun into the original sentence.
In conclusion, mastering indirect discourse is a fantastic way to enhance your Northern Uzbek language skills. This lesson has equipped you with the tools to express thoughts and speech in a more nuanced manner. Keep practicing, and soon you will be able to use indirect discourse fluidly in your conversations!
== Conclusion ==
Indirect discourse is a useful tool in conveying information without using one's exact words. In Northern Uzbek language, indirect discourse is formed by changing the verb tense and pronoun according to the reported speech content's subject, tense, and purpose. It is also formed with different conditional statements conjunctions, adverbs, and causative constructions with verbs or nouns. By using indirect discourse, we can convey the essence of the reported speech or thought, and adjust the tone, essence, meaning or purpose according to the reported context.


-----------------------------------------------------------
{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Northern Uzbek Grammar: Advanced Sentence Structures- Indirect Discourse
 
|keywords=Northern Uzbek, Advanced sentence structures, indirect discourse, reported speech, verb tense, pronoun
|title=Northern Uzbek Grammar Indirect Discourse
|description=This lesson will teach you how to form indirect discourse also called reported speech in advanced sentence structures using the verb tense, pronoun, and direct/indirect format.
 
|keywords=Northern Uzbek, indirect discourse, reported speech, language learning, grammar
 
|description=Learn how to report speech and thought in indirect discourse or reported speech in Northern Uzbek. This lesson covers the structure, importance, and practical exercises to enhance your communication skills.
 
}}
}}


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<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Northern-uzbek/Grammar/Passive-Voice|Passive Voice]]
* [[Language/Northern-uzbek/Grammar/Forming-sentences-with-negation|Forming sentences with negation]]
* [[Language/Northern-uzbek/Grammar/The-verb-KELMOQ-–-to-come|The verb KELMOQ – to come]]
* [[Language/Northern-uzbek/Grammar/Expressing-a-desire-fo-an-action|Expressing a desire fo an action]]
* [[Language/Northern-uzbek/Grammar/Causative-Constructions|Causative Constructions]]
* [[Language/Northern-uzbek/Grammar/Past-Tense|Past Tense]]
* [[Language/Northern-uzbek/Grammar/Accusative-case|Accusative case]]
* [[Language/Northern-uzbek/Grammar/Relative-Clauses|Relative Clauses]]
* [[Language/Northern-uzbek/Grammar/Conditional-Sentences|Conditional Sentences]]
* [[Language/Northern-uzbek/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]


{{Northern-uzbek-Page-Bottom}}
{{Northern-uzbek-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Northern-uzbek/Grammar/Relative-Clauses|◀️ Relative Clauses — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Northern-uzbek/Grammar/Causative-Constructions|Next Lesson — Causative Constructions ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 14:04, 1 August 2024

◀️ Relative Clauses — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Causative Constructions ▶️

Uzbek-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Northern Uzbek → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Indirect Discourse

Introduction

Welcome to this exciting lesson on Indirect Discourse in Northern Uzbek! As we dive into the nuances of reporting speech and thoughts, you will discover how to convey what others have said or thought without quoting them directly. This skill is essential for effective communication in any language, allowing you to narrate stories, share experiences, and discuss others' opinions seamlessly.

In Northern Uzbek, indirect discourse can add depth and subtlety to your conversations, making your language richer and more expressive. Throughout this lesson, we will explore the structure and usage of indirect discourse, providing you with ample examples and opportunities to practice.

What is Indirect Discourse?[edit | edit source]

Indirect discourse, also known as reported speech, is a way of expressing what someone else has said or thought without using their exact words. Instead of quoting them directly, you can paraphrase their message while maintaining its original meaning.

For example:

  • Direct Speech: "I am going to the market," she said.
  • Indirect Discourse: She said that she was going to the market.

In Northern Uzbek, the transformation from direct to indirect discourse often involves changes in verb tense, pronouns, and sometimes the structure of the sentence itself.

Importance of Indirect Discourse in Northern Uzbek[edit | edit source]

Understanding indirect discourse is crucial for several reasons:

  • Enhances Communication: It allows you to summarize conversations, making it easier to share information without overloading your listener with direct quotes.
  • Cultural Relevance: In Northern Uzbek culture, storytelling often involves paraphrasing others, which means mastering this skill can help you connect more deeply with native speakers.
  • Language Proficiency: Mastery of indirect discourse demonstrates a higher level of language proficiency, enabling more nuanced and sophisticated communication.

The Structure of Indirect Discourse[edit | edit source]

The structure of indirect discourse in Northern Uzbek generally follows this pattern:

1. Reporting Verb: This is often a verb like "to say" (aytmoq) or "to think" (o'ylamoq).

2. Conjunction: The word "that" (ki) is commonly used to introduce the reported speech.

3. Reported Clause: The sentence that conveys the initial message, adjusted for tense and pronouns.

== Example Structure:

  • Direct: Ota dedi: "Men ishga boryapman." (Father said: "I am going to work.")
  • Indirect: Ota dedi ki, u ishga boryapti. (Father said that he is going to work.)

Key Changes in Indirect Discourse[edit | edit source]

When converting direct speech to indirect discourse, a few key changes usually occur:

  • Pronouns: Pronouns may change to match the perspective of the speaker.
  • Tense: The verb tense often shifts back (e.g., present to past).
  • Time Indicators: Words indicating time may need to be adjusted (e.g., "today" might change to "that day").

Examples of Indirect Discourse[edit | edit source]

Now, let's explore some examples to better understand how to implement indirect discourse in Northern Uzbek.

Northern Uzbek Pronunciation English
U dedi: "Men uyda emasman." U dedi: "Men uyda emasman." He said, "I am not home."
U dedi ki, u uyda emas. U dedi ki, u uyda emas. He said that he was not home.
U aytadi: "Men yaxshi his qilyapman." U aytadi: "Men yaxshi his qilyapman." She says, "I feel good."
U aytadi ki, u yaxshi his qilyapti. U aytadi ki, u yaxshi his qilyapti. She says that she feels good.
U o'yladi: "Bu ish juda qiyin." U o'yladi: "Bu ish juda qiyin." He thought, "This task is very difficult."
U o'yladi ki, bu ish juda qiyin. U o'yladi ki, bu ish juda qiyin. He thought that this task was very difficult.
U dedi: "Men kechqurun kelaman." U dedi: "Men kechqurun kelaman." She said, "I will come in the evening."
U dedi ki, u kechqurun keladi. U dedi ki, u kechqurun keladi. She said that she would come in the evening.
U aytdi: "Biz buni bajaramiz." U aytdi: "Biz buni bajaramiz." He said, "We will do this."
U aytdi ki, ular buni bajarayotgan. U aytdi ki, ular buni bajarayotgan. He said that they were doing this.
U dedi: "Mening dostim menga yordam beradi." U dedi: "Mening dostim menga yordam beradi." She said, "My friend helps me."
U dedi ki, uning dostlari unga yordam berishadi. U dedi ki, uning dostlari unga yordam berishadi. She said that her friends would help her.
U o'ylaydi: "U meni sevadi." U o'ylaydi: "U meni sevadi." He thinks, "She loves me."
U o'ylaydi ki, u uni sevadi. U o'ylaydi ki, u uni sevadi. He thinks that she loves him.
U yozadi: "Men kitob o'qiyapman." U yozadi: "Men kitob o'qiyapman." She writes, "I am reading a book."
U yozadi ki, u kitob o'qiyotgan. U yozadi ki, u kitob o'qiyotgan. She writes that she is reading a book.
U dedi: "Men buni bilaman." U dedi: "Men buni bilaman." He said, "I know this."
U dedi ki, u buni biladi. U dedi ki, u buni biladi. He said that he knew this.
U so'radi: "Sen kelasanmi?" U so'radi: "Sen kelasanmi?" She asked, "Are you coming?"
U so'radi ki, sen kelayapsanmi? U so'radi ki, sen kelayapsanmi? She asked if you were coming.
U dedi: "Bu juda qiziqarli." U dedi: "Bu juda qiziqarli." He said, "This is very interesting."
U dedi ki, bu juda qiziqarli. U dedi ki, bu juda qiziqarli. He said that this was very interesting.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that you have learned about indirect discourse, let's put your knowledge to the test! Below are exercises designed to help you practice converting direct speech into indirect discourse.

Exercise 1: Convert Direct to Indirect Discourse[edit | edit source]

Convert the following sentences from direct to indirect discourse.

1. U dedi: "Men yangi kitob sotib oldim." (He said, "I bought a new book.")

2. U aytdi: "Biz dam olishga boramiz." (She said, "We will go on vacation.")

3. U o'yladi: "Bu juda qiyin." (He thought, "This is very difficult.")

4. U so'radi: "Siz buni bajara olasizmi?" (She asked, "Can you do this?")

5. U dedi: "Mening onam pishirgan." (He said, "My mother cooked.")

Exercise 2: Identify Changes in Tense and Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Identify the changes in tense and pronouns in the following examples.

1. U dedi: "Men hozir kelyapman." (He said, "I am coming now.")

2. U o'yladi: "Bu ishni bajarmoqchiman." (She thought, "I want to do this task.")

3. U dedi: "Biz buni bilmaymiz." (He said, "We do not know this.")

4. U so'radi: "U keladi, to'g'rimi?" (She asked, "He is coming, right?")

5. U dedi: "Mening do'stim menga yordam beradi." (He said, "My friend helps me.")

Exercise 3: Create Your Own Sentences[edit | edit source]

Create your own sentences in indirect discourse based on the following prompts:

1. Your friend said they are going to a concert.

2. Your sister asked if you want to join her for lunch.

3. Your mother said she will call you tomorrow.

4. Your teacher said that the exam is next week.

5. Your colleague mentioned that the project is due soon.

Exercise 4: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in indirect discourse.

1. U dedi ki, u ... (kelmoq) ... (He said that he is coming.)

2. U o'yladi ki, bu ... (qiyin) ... (He thought that this is difficult.)

3. U so'radi ki, siz ... (bajarmoq) ... (She asked if you can do it.)

4. U dedi ki, men ... (bilmoq) ... (He said that he knows.)

5. U aytdi ki, ular ... (kelmoq) ... (She said that they are coming.)

Exercise 5: Rewrite the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Rewrite the following sentences in indirect discourse.

1. "Men o'qiyapman," dedi u. (She said, "I am reading.")

2. "Biz kelamiz," dedi ular. (They said, "We are coming.")

3. "U meni sevadi," dedi u. (He said, "She loves me.")

4. "Siz buni qila olmaysiz," dedi u. (He said, "You cannot do this.")

5. "Men bu haqda o'ylayman," dedi u. (She said, "I will think about this.")

Answers and Explanations for Exercises[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1 Solutions:

1. U dedi ki, u yangi kitob sotib oldi.

2. U aytdi ki, ular dam olishga boradi.

3. U o'yladi ki, bu juda qiyin edi.

4. U so'radi ki, siz buni bajara olasizmi?

5. U dedi ki, uning onasi pishirdi.

Exercise 2 Solutions:

1. Tense: Present to past; Pronoun: "Men" to "u."

2. Tense: Present to past; Pronoun: "Men" to "u."

3. Tense: Present to past; Pronoun: "Biz" to "ular."

4. Tense: Present to past; Pronoun: "U" remains the same.

5. Tense: Present to past; Pronoun: "Mening" remains the same.

Exercise 3 Solutions:

(Students will create their own sentences, but here are examples.)

1. U dedi ki, u konsertga boradi.

2. U so'radi ki, men uning bilan tushlik qilishni xohlaymanmi.

3. U dedi ki, u meni ertaga chaqiradi.

4. U o'qituvchi dedi ki, imtihon keyingi hafta.

5. U hamkasb dedi ki, loyiha tez orada muddatli.

Exercise 4 Solutions:

1. U dedi ki, u kelmoqda.

2. U o'yladi ki, bu qiyin.

3. U so'radi ki, siz bajara olasizmi.

4. U dedi ki, men bilaman.

5. U aytdi ki, ular kelmoqda.

Exercise 5 Solutions:

1. U dedi ki, u o'qiyapti.

2. Ular dedi ki, ular keladi.

3. U dedi ki, u meni sevadi.

4. U dedi ki, siz buni qila olmaysiz.

5. U dedi ki, u bu haqda o'ylaydi.

In conclusion, mastering indirect discourse is a fantastic way to enhance your Northern Uzbek language skills. This lesson has equipped you with the tools to express thoughts and speech in a more nuanced manner. Keep practicing, and soon you will be able to use indirect discourse fluidly in your conversations!

Table of Contents - Northern Uzbek Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Northern Uzbek


Basic Sentence Structures


Everyday Life


Verbs and Tenses


Northern Uzbek Culture


Advanced Vocabulary and Expressions


Advanced Grammar Concepts


Regional Dialects and Accents


Northern Uzbek Literature


Advanced Sentence Structures


Northern Uzbek Cuisine


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Relative Clauses — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Causative Constructions ▶️

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