Difference between revisions of "Language/Swahili-individual-language/Culture/Visual-Arts"

Latest revision as of 13:23, 1 August 2024

◀️ Oral Narratives — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Contemporary Literature ▶️

Swahili (individual language) Culture → Visual Arts

Welcome to this exciting lesson on visual arts within the rich tapestry of Swahili culture! The Swahili people, known for their vibrant artistic traditions, have a history that beautifully intertwines art with daily life, spirituality, and social identity. Visual arts in Swahili culture encompass a variety of forms, including painting, sculpture, and architecture, reflecting the diverse influences that have shaped the Swahili coast and its people over centuries.

In this lesson, we will explore the significance of visual arts in Swahili culture, delve into various artistic forms, and provide practical exercises to help you engage with this fascinating subject. By the end of this lesson, you will not only appreciate the unique characteristics of Swahili visual arts but also gain a deeper understanding of their cultural contexts.

Here’s what we’ll cover in this lesson:

The Importance of Visual Arts in Swahili Culture

Forms of Visual Art

Painting

Sculpture

Architecture

Famous Swahili Visual Artists

Practical Exercises

Conclusion

The Importance of Visual Arts in Swahili Culture[edit | edit source]

Visual arts are a critical aspect of Swahili culture, serving as a means of expression, communication, and storytelling. They reflect the history, beliefs, and values of the Swahili people. Here are some key points to consider:

Cultural Identity: Visual arts serve as a representation of Swahili identity, showcasing the unique blend of African, Arab, and Persian influences.

Historical Significance: Many artworks tell stories of the past, preserving history and cultural heritage for future generations.

Social Commentary: Artists often use their work to comment on social issues, provoke thought, and inspire change.

Forms of Visual Art[edit | edit source]

Let's dive into the main forms of visual art found in Swahili culture.

Painting[edit | edit source]

Swahili painting is characterized by vibrant colors and intricate designs. It often incorporates themes from nature, spirituality, and daily life. Some common styles include:

Tinga Tinga: Originating from Tanzania, known for its bright colors and playful depictions of animals and landscapes.

Makonde Art: Features intricate carvings and paintings, often depicting social and cultural themes.

Swahili (individual language)	Pronunciation	English
Tinga Tinga	/ˈtɪŋɡə ˈtɪŋɡə/	Tinga Tinga (a painting style)
Makonde	/mɑːˈkɒndeɪ/	Makonde (a tribal group known for their art)

Sculpture[edit | edit source]

Sculpture is another prominent art form in Swahili culture. It often utilizes materials such as wood, stone, and metal. Key aspects include:

Wood Carving: Common among the Makonde, these pieces often depict figures, animals, and abstract designs.

Stone Carving: Often found in coastal areas, stone sculptures can represent religious figures or traditional symbols.

Swahili (individual language)	Pronunciation	English
Uchoraji wa Mbao	/uːˈtʃɔːrɑːdʒi wɑː ˈmbɑːo/	Wood carving
Uchoraji wa Jiwe	/uːˈtʃɔːrɑːdʒi wɑː ˈdʒiːwɛ/	Stone carving

Architecture[edit | edit source]

Swahili architecture is a fascinating blend of indigenous African styles and foreign influences from Arab and Persian cultures. Notable features include:

Coral Stone Buildings: Many coastal towns, such as Lamu, showcase stunning coral stone structures that reflect the region's history.

Decorative Elements: Doors, windows, and walls often feature intricate carvings and designs that tell stories of the past.

Swahili (individual language)	Pronunciation	English
Nyumba ya Mafanikio	/ˈɲʊmba jɑː ˌmæfɑːnɪˈkiːo/	House of Success (a famous building)
Mji wa Lamu	/ˈmʤi wɑː ˈlɑːmu/	The town of Lamu

Famous Swahili Visual Artists[edit | edit source]

While many artists contribute to the rich field of visual arts in Swahili culture, a few noteworthy figures stand out. Here are some of them:

1. Ali Mazrui: Known for his thought-provoking paintings that delve into themes of identity and culture.

2. Khalid Ali: A contemporary artist whose work focuses on social issues and environmental concerns through vibrant visual storytelling.

Swahili (individual language)	Pronunciation	English
Ali Mazrui	/ˈɑːli ˈmæzruːi/	Ali Mazrui (artist)
Khalid Ali	/ˈkɑːlɪd ˈɑːli/	Khalid Ali (artist)

Practical Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that we've explored the fascinating world of Swahili visual arts, let's put your knowledge to the test with some practical exercises!

Exercise 1: Vocabulary Match[edit | edit source]

Match the Swahili terms to their English translations.

Swahili (individual language)	English
Uchoraji	Painting
Sanamu	Sculpture
Majengo	Architecture

Solution:

Uchoraji - Painting

Sanamu - Sculpture

Majengo - Architecture

Exercise 2: Identify the Art Form[edit | edit source]

Identify whether the following descriptions refer to painting, sculpture, or architecture.

1. This art form often involves vibrant colors and tells stories through visual representation.

2. This involves three-dimensional creations, often made from wood or stone.

3. This art form includes intricate designs on buildings and structures.

Solution:

1. Painting

2. Sculpture

3. Architecture

Exercise 3: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences with the appropriate words from the vocabulary list: (Uchoraji, Sanamu, Majengo)

1. The ________ in Lamu showcases beautiful coral stone structures.

2. The artist is known for his stunning ________ that reflect social issues.

3. ________ is a traditional form of art that is vibrant and colorful.

Solution:

1. Majengo

2. Sanamu

3. Uchoraji

Exercise 4: Create Your Own Artwork[edit | edit source]

Using the themes discussed in this lesson, create your own piece of art. You can choose to paint, draw, or even describe a sculpture you would like to create. Write a short paragraph explaining your artwork's inspiration and what it represents.

Solution:

There is no right or wrong answer; this is a creative exercise! Encourage students to express themselves and share their artwork with the class.

Exercise 5: Research Assignment[edit | edit source]

Choose one famous Swahili artist and write a short report about their life and works. Include the following points:

Brief biography

Key artworks

Influence on Swahili art

Solution:

Students will present their reports in class, fostering discussion about the contributions of various artists.

Exercise 6: Discussion Questions[edit | edit source]

Discuss the following questions in pairs or small groups:

1. Why do you think visual arts are important for cultural identity?

2. How do you see the influence of foreign cultures in Swahili visual arts?

Solution:

Encourage students to think critically and share their perspectives.

Exercise 7: Art in Daily Life[edit | edit source]

Reflect on how visual arts play a role in your daily life. Write a short paragraph describing an art form you encounter regularly and its impact on your culture.

Solution:

Again, there are no right or wrong answers; this is about personal reflection.

Exercise 8: Art Walk[edit | edit source]

If possible, take a walk around your local area or visit a museum. Take note of different forms of visual art you encounter. Create a list of at least five different art forms and describe them briefly.

Solution:

Encourage students to share their findings in class.

Exercise 9: Create an Art Gallery[edit | edit source]

As a class, create a virtual art gallery. Each student can contribute a piece of art (real or imagined) inspired by Swahili visual arts. Present your gallery to the class.

Solution:

This can be a fun, collaborative project where students learn from each other's creativity.

Exercise 10: Reflection[edit | edit source]

Reflect on what you have learned in this lesson. Write a few sentences about your favorite aspect of Swahili visual arts and why it resonates with you.

Solution:

Encourage students to share their reflections with the class, fostering a community of learning and appreciation for the arts.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we’ve journeyed through the vibrant world of Swahili visual arts, exploring its significance, diverse forms, and notable artists. As you continue your studies, remember that visual arts are not just about aesthetics; they are a window into the soul of a culture. By understanding and appreciating these artistic expressions, you enrich your own experience of the Swahili language and culture.

As you practice the exercises and engage with the material, think about how you can incorporate the lessons learned into your understanding of the Swahili world. Keep exploring, creating, and connecting with the rich tapestry of Swahili culture!

Table of Contents - Swahili (individual language) Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Introduction to Swahili Grammar

Greetings and Introductions

Swahili Culture and Society

Swahili Syntax

At Home and Around Town

Swahili Literature and Art

Advanced Topics in Swahili Grammar

Nature and the Environment

Swahili Festivals and Celebrations

Idioms and Proverbs

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Oral Narratives — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Contemporary Literature ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Swahili-individual-language/Culture/Oral-Narratives|◀️ Oral Narratives — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Swahili-individual-language/Culture/Contemporary-Literature|Next Lesson — Contemporary Literature ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>
 {{Swahili-individual-language-Page-Top}}
+<div class="pg_page_title">Swahili (individual language) Culture → Visual Arts</div>
+Welcome to this exciting lesson on visual arts within the rich tapestry of Swahili culture! The Swahili people, known for their vibrant artistic traditions, have a history that beautifully intertwines art with daily life, spirituality, and social identity. Visual arts in Swahili culture encompass a variety of forms, including painting, sculpture, and architecture, reflecting the diverse influences that have shaped the Swahili coast and its people over centuries.
+In this lesson, we will explore the significance of visual arts in Swahili culture, delve into various artistic forms, and provide practical exercises to help you engage with this fascinating subject. By the end of this lesson, you will not only appreciate the unique characteristics of Swahili visual arts but also gain a deeper understanding of their cultural contexts.
+Here’s what we’ll cover in this lesson:
-<div class="pg_page_title">Swahili (individual language) Culture → Swahili Literature and Art → Visual Arts</div>
+* '''The Importance of Visual Arts in Swahili Culture'''
+* '''Forms of Visual Art'''
+* Painting
+* Sculpture
+* Architecture
+* '''Famous Swahili Visual Artists'''
+* '''Practical Exercises'''
+* '''Conclusion'''
 __TOC__
-As a Swahili language teacher for over 20 years, I have had the immense privilege of not only teaching the language, but also the culture that surrounds it. In this lesson, we will delve into the rich tradition of Swahili visual arts, including painting, sculpture, and architecture. From the intricate carvings of Zanzibari doors to the vibrant colors of Tingatinga paintings, Swahili art has a unique and fascinating history that reflects the diverse influences of the East African coast.
+=== The Importance of Visual Arts in Swahili Culture ===
-== Swahili Painting ==
+Visual arts are a critical aspect of Swahili culture, serving as a means of expression, communication, and storytelling. They reflect the history, beliefs, and values of the Swahili people. Here are some key points to consider:
-Swahili painting has a long and varied history, with influences ranging from traditional Islamic art to contemporary Western styles. However, one of the most famous styles of Swahili painting is Tingatinga, which originated in Tanzania in the 1960s. Tingatinga paintings are known for their bright colors, bold lines, and whimsical depictions of wildlife and everyday life. The style was named after its founder, Edward Said Tingatinga, who began selling his paintings in the streets of Dar es Salaam in the 1960s.
+* '''Cultural Identity''': Visual arts serve as a representation of Swahili identity, showcasing the unique blend of African, Arab, and Persian influences.
-Tingatinga paintings often feature scenes from daily life in Tanzania, such as women carrying baskets or children playing with animals. They also depict African wildlife, including elephants, giraffes, and lions. Many of the paintings have a childlike quality to them, with simple shapes and patterns used to create vibrant, playful scenes.
+* '''Historical Significance''': Many artworks tell stories of the past, preserving history and cultural heritage for future generations.
-Another form of Swahili painting is known as "wasanii," which means "artists" in Swahili. Wasanii paintings are often more realistic and show scenes from everyday life, such as vendors selling produce or people going about their daily routines. Like Tingatinga paintings, wasanii paintings often feature bright colors and bold lines.
+* '''Social Commentary''': Artists often use their work to comment on social issues, provoke thought, and inspire change.
-== Swahili Sculpture ==
+=== Forms of Visual Art ===
-Swahili sculpture is perhaps best known for its intricate carvings on wooden doors and furniture. The art of wooden carving has been practiced in the region for centuries, and Swahili craftsmen are renowned for their skill and precision.
+Let's dive into the main forms of visual art found in Swahili culture.
-One of the most famous examples of Swahili sculpture is the Zanzibari door. These doors are elaborately carved with intricate motifs and designs, often featuring Islamic calligraphy, floral patterns, or depictions of animals. The doors were an important symbol of wealth and status, with wealthier families commissioning larger and more elaborate designs.
+==== Painting ====
-In addition to wooden carvings, Swahili sculpture also includes the art of soapstone carving. Soapstone is a soft, easily carvable stone found in many parts of East Africa. Swahili soapstone carvers use traditional techniques to create sculptures of animals, human figures, and abstract shapes. These sculptures are often highly polished, giving them a smooth, sleek appearance.
+Swahili painting is characterized by vibrant colors and intricate designs. It often incorporates themes from nature, spirituality, and daily life. Some common styles include:
-== Swahili Architecture ==
+* '''Tinga Tinga''': Originating from Tanzania, known for its bright colors and playful depictions of animals and landscapes.
-Swahili architecture is characterized by its use of coral stone and intricate carving. Many Swahili buildings, such as the famous Lamu Fort in Kenya, were constructed using coral stone, a material found in abundance along the East African coast. Coral stone is highly durable and has a distinctive light-brown color that is synonymous with Swahili architecture.
+* '''Makonde Art''': Features intricate carvings and paintings, often depicting social and cultural themes.
-Swahili buildings also feature intricate carvings and decorations, often in the form of Islamic calligraphy or geometric patterns. One of the most famous examples of Swahili architecture is the Gede Ruins in Kenya, an ancient Swahili city that features towering pillars, intricate archways, and delicate carvings. The city was abandoned in the 17th century and has since been reclaimed by nature, but its ruins remain an important example of Swahili architectural history.
+{| class="wikitable"
-Whether it's a Tingatinga painting, a Zanzibari door, or an ancient Swahili city, Swahili visual arts offer a fascinating glimpse into the culture and history of East Africa. By exploring these traditions, we gain a deeper understanding and appreciation of the beauty and diversity of the Swahili people.
+! Swahili (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| Tinga Tinga  || /ˈtɪŋɡə ˈtɪŋɡə/ || Tinga Tinga (a painting style)
+|-
+| Makonde  || /mɑːˈkɒndeɪ/ || Makonde (a tribal group known for their art)
+|}
+==== Sculpture ====
+Sculpture is another prominent art form in Swahili culture. It often utilizes materials such as wood, stone, and metal. Key aspects include:
+* '''Wood Carving''': Common among the Makonde, these pieces often depict figures, animals, and abstract designs.
+* '''Stone Carving''': Often found in coastal areas, stone sculptures can represent religious figures or traditional symbols.
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Swahili (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| Tingatinga || [tiŋɡa'tiŋɡa] || Style of Swahili painting known for its bright colors and whimsical scenes of African life and wildlife.
+| Uchoraji wa Mbao  || /uːˈtʃɔːrɑːdʒi wɑː ˈmbɑːo/ || Wood carving
 |-
-| Wasanii || [wa'saːnii] || Swahili term for "artists," often used to describe a more realistic form of Swahili painting.
+| Uchoraji wa Jiwe  || /uːˈtʃɔːrɑːdʒi wɑː ˈdʒiːwɛ/ || Stone carving
+|}
+==== Architecture ====
+Swahili architecture is a fascinating blend of indigenous African styles and foreign influences from Arab and Persian cultures. Notable features include:
+* '''Coral Stone Buildings''': Many coastal towns, such as Lamu, showcase stunning coral stone structures that reflect the region's history.
+* '''Decorative Elements''': Doors, windows, and walls often feature intricate carvings and designs that tell stories of the past.
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Swahili (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| Nyumba ya Mafanikio  || /ˈɲʊmba jɑː ˌmæfɑːnɪˈkiːo/ || House of Success (a famous building)
+|-
+| Mji wa Lamu  || /ˈmʤi wɑː ˈlɑːmu/ || The town of Lamu
+|}
+=== Famous Swahili Visual Artists ===
+While many artists contribute to the rich field of visual arts in Swahili culture, a few noteworthy figures stand out. Here are some of them:
+. '''Ali Mazrui''': Known for his thought-provoking paintings that delve into themes of identity and culture.
+. '''Khalid Ali''': A contemporary artist whose work focuses on social issues and environmental concerns through vibrant visual storytelling.
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Swahili (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| Ali Mazrui  || /ˈɑːli ˈmæzruːi/ || Ali Mazrui (artist)
+|-
+| Khalid Ali  || /ˈkɑːlɪd ˈɑːli/ || Khalid Ali (artist)
+|}
+=== Practical Exercises ===
+Now that we've explored the fascinating world of Swahili visual arts, let's put your knowledge to the test with some practical exercises!
+==== Exercise 1: Vocabulary Match ====
+Match the Swahili terms to their English translations.
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Swahili (individual language) !! English
 |-
-| Zanzibari door || [zanzi'baːri doːr] || Highly decorated wooden door often featuring Arabic calligraphy or depictions of animals or floral patterns.
+| Uchoraji  || Painting
 |-
-| Coral stone || ['kɔrəl stoʊn] || Durable stone material found along the East African coast and used in Swahili architecture.
+| Sanamu  || Sculpture
 |-
-| Gede Ruins || ['ɡeɪdi 'ruːənz] || Ancient Swahili city in Kenya featuring towering pillars, archways, and intricate carvings.
+| Majengo  || Architecture
 |}
-* Tingatinga paintings are known for their bright colors and playful depictions of everyday life and wildlife.
+''Solution:''
-* Swahili sculptors use intricate carvings on wooden doors and soapstone to create intricate designs.
-* Swahili architecture is characterized by the use of coral stone and the incorporation of Islamic calligraphy and geometric patterns.
-# Swahili art has a rich and varied history, influenced by a range of cultures and traditions.
+* Uchoraji - Painting
-# Tingatinga paintings are a popular form of Swahili painting known for their bright colors and whimsical scenes.
-# Swahili sculptors are skilled at intricate carvings on wooden doors and soapstone.
+* Sanamu - Sculpture
-# Swahili architecture uses coral stone and elaborate decorations to create stunning buildings and structures.
+* Majengo - Architecture
+==== Exercise 2: Identify the Art Form ====
+Identify whether the following descriptions refer to painting, sculpture, or architecture.
+. This art form often involves vibrant colors and tells stories through visual representation.
+. This involves three-dimensional creations, often made from wood or stone.
+. This art form includes intricate designs on buildings and structures.
+''Solution:''
+. Painting
+. Sculpture
+. Architecture
+==== Exercise 3: Fill in the Blanks ====
+Complete the sentences with the appropriate words from the vocabulary list: (Uchoraji, Sanamu, Majengo)
+. The ________ in Lamu showcases beautiful coral stone structures.
+. The artist is known for his stunning ________ that reflect social issues.
+. ________ is a traditional form of art that is vibrant and colorful.
+''Solution:''
+. Majengo
+. Sanamu
+. Uchoraji
+==== Exercise 4: Create Your Own Artwork ====
+Using the themes discussed in this lesson, create your own piece of art. You can choose to paint, draw, or even describe a sculpture you would like to create. Write a short paragraph explaining your artwork's inspiration and what it represents.
+''Solution:''
+There is no right or wrong answer; this is a creative exercise! Encourage students to express themselves and share their artwork with the class.
+==== Exercise 5: Research Assignment ====
+Choose one famous Swahili artist and write a short report about their life and works. Include the following points:
+* Brief biography
+* Key artworks
+* Influence on Swahili art
+''Solution:''
+Students will present their reports in class, fostering discussion about the contributions of various artists.
+==== Exercise 6: Discussion Questions ====
+Discuss the following questions in pairs or small groups:
+. Why do you think visual arts are important for cultural identity?
+. How do you see the influence of foreign cultures in Swahili visual arts?
+''Solution:''
+Encourage students to think critically and share their perspectives.
+==== Exercise 7: Art in Daily Life ====
+Reflect on how visual arts play a role in your daily life. Write a short paragraph describing an art form you encounter regularly and its impact on your culture.
+''Solution:''
+Again, there are no right or wrong answers; this is about personal reflection.
+==== Exercise 8: Art Walk ====
+If possible, take a walk around your local area or visit a museum. Take note of different forms of visual art you encounter. Create a list of at least five different art forms and describe them briefly.
+''Solution:''
+Encourage students to share their findings in class.
+==== Exercise 9: Create an Art Gallery ====
+As a class, create a virtual art gallery. Each student can contribute a piece of art (real or imagined) inspired by Swahili visual arts. Present your gallery to the class.
+''Solution:''
+This can be a fun, collaborative project where students learn from each other's creativity.
+==== Exercise 10: Reflection ====
+Reflect on what you have learned in this lesson. Write a few sentences about your favorite aspect of Swahili visual arts and why it resonates with you.
+''Solution:''
+Encourage students to share their reflections with the class, fostering a community of learning and appreciation for the arts.
+=== Conclusion ===
+In this lesson, we’ve journeyed through the vibrant world of Swahili visual arts, exploring its significance, diverse forms, and notable artists. As you continue your studies, remember that visual arts are not just about aesthetics; they are a window into the soul of a culture. By understanding and appreciating these artistic expressions, you enrich your own experience of the Swahili language and culture.
+As you practice the exercises and engage with the material, think about how you can incorporate the lessons learned into your understanding of the Swahili world. Keep exploring, creating, and connecting with the rich tapestry of Swahili culture!
 {{#seo:
-|title=Exploring the Rich Tradition of Swahili Visual Arts
-|keywords=Swahili, language, culture, Tingatinga, painting, sculpture, Zanzibari, door, coral, stone, Gede Ruins, architecture
+|title=Discovering Swahili Visual Arts
-|description=Discover the history and beauty of Swahili visual arts, including painting, sculpture, and architecture. From Tingatinga paintings to the Gede Ruins, explore the richness of Swahili art and culture.
+|keywords=Swahili culture, visual arts, painting, sculpture, architecture, art exercises, cultural identity
+|description=Explore the vibrant world of Swahili visual arts, including painting, sculpture, and architecture, while engaging in practical exercises to deepen your understanding.
 }}
-{{Swahili-individual-language-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
+{{Template:Swahili-individual-language-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
 [[Category:Course]]
@@ Line 67: / Line 295: @@
 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Swahili-individual-language-0-to-A1-Course]]
+<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
-==Related Lessons==
+==Other Lessons==
 * [[Language/Swahili-individual-language/Culture/Ramadan-and-Eid-al-Fitr|Ramadan and Eid al Fitr]]
 * [[Language/Swahili-individual-language/Culture/Religion-and-Beliefs|Religion and Beliefs]]
@@ Line 79: / Line 309: @@
 * [[Language/Swahili-individual-language/Culture/History-of-Swahili|History of Swahili]]
 * [[Language/Swahili-individual-language/Culture/Sherehe-za-Mapinduzi|Sherehe za Mapinduzi]]
 {{Swahili-individual-language-Page-Bottom}}
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Swahili-individual-language/Culture/Oral-Narratives|◀️ Oral Narratives — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Swahili-individual-language/Culture/Contemporary-Literature|Next Lesson — Contemporary Literature ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>

Difference between revisions of "Language/Swahili-individual-language/Culture/Visual-Arts"

Latest revision as of 13:23, 1 August 2024

The Importance of Visual Arts in Swahili Culture[edit | edit source]

Forms of Visual Art[edit | edit source]

Painting[edit | edit source]

Sculpture[edit | edit source]

Architecture[edit | edit source]

Famous Swahili Visual Artists[edit | edit source]

Practical Exercises[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1: Vocabulary Match[edit | edit source]

Exercise 2: Identify the Art Form[edit | edit source]

Exercise 3: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Exercise 4: Create Your Own Artwork[edit | edit source]

Exercise 5: Research Assignment[edit | edit source]

Exercise 6: Discussion Questions[edit | edit source]

Exercise 7: Art in Daily Life[edit | edit source]

Exercise 8: Art Walk[edit | edit source]

Exercise 9: Create an Art Gallery[edit | edit source]

Exercise 10: Reflection[edit | edit source]

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Table of Contents - Swahili (individual language) Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

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