Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Common-Han-Characters:-四-Wiktionary"

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!character
!character
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|-
|丐
|万
|Characters in the same phonetic series (丐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Corruption of 匄.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : koi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kài • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kat • Middle-Chinese : kajH
|to beg for alms • to give • beggar • a surname
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|beggar • beg • give
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maak⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mok
|丐 (eumhun 빌 개 (bil gae))
|Only used in 万俟 (Mòqí).
| ‖ 万(まん) • (man) ‖ 万(ばん) • (ban) ‖ 万(ばん) • (ban-) ‖ 万(よろず) • (yorozu) ^(←よろづ (yorodu)?)
|ten thousand, myriad • various, many, all ‖ ten thousand, myriad ‖ (followed by a negative) even if, never • (followed by a negative) no matter what ‖ many • all ‖ ten thousand • a large number • all, everything
|万 (eumhun 일 만 (il man))
|Alternative form of 萬.
|canonical : 万: Hán Việt readings: vạn • canonical : mặc 万: Nôm readings: vàn • canonical : vạn • canonical : muôn
|Alternative form of 萬.
|万
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|与
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|canonical : 丐: Hán Việt readings: cái 丐: Nôm readings: cái • canonical : gái
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|丐
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|並
|From the clerical script (隸書) of 竝 (OC *beːŋʔ), originally depicting two people standing side-by-side. ‖ From the clerical script (隸書) of 竝 (OC *beːŋʔ), originally depicting two people standing side-by-side.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pīng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pǐng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phīng • Middle-Chinese : bengX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong⁶
|to be side by side; to be in a row • simultaneously; at the same time • Used before a negative for emphasis; actually; in fact • and; moreover; furthermore • (Southern Min) than • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to compete; to match one's strength with • (Taiwanese Hokkien) the most • (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 並 (MC bengX) ‖ Alternative form of 傍 (“to be near; approaching”)
| ‖ 並(なみ) • (nami) ‖ 並(なみ) • (-nami)
| ‖ something medium, average, common, ordinary • a row or line of things ‖ average, medium
|並 (eumhun 나란히 병 (naranhi byeong)) · 並 (eumhun 아우를 병 (aureul byeong)) · 並 (eumhun 곁 방 (gyeot bang)) · 並 (eumhun 땅 이름 반 (ttang ireum ban))
|hanja form of 병 (“side by side, together, in order”) • hanja form of 병 (“combine, annex”) • hanja form of 방 (“side, vicinity”) • hanja form of 반 (“used in place names”)
|Hán-Nôm : tịnh
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|並
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|丫
|Appeared c. 1000, much later than the alternative forms. \ Pictogram (象形) . A fork in a branch or path.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a • Middle-Chinese : 'ae
|bifurcation; fork • forked • (Beijing Mandarin, colloquial, derogatory) he; she • (Beijing Mandarin, colloquial) A derogatory appositive attached to second- and third-person pronouns.
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|bifurcation • fork
|bestow, impart, award, grant, give • participate in • provide • cause • gift • godsend
|丫 (eumhun 가닥 아 (gadak a))
|与 (eumhun 줄 여 (jul yeo))
|Alternative form of 與 (“hanja form of 여 (“give; participate”)”)
|Hán-Nôm : dữ • Hán-Nôm : dự • Hán-Nôm : đử
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|
|Hán-Nôm : a • Hán-Nôm : nha
|与
|-
|丕
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰrɯ) : phonetic 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ') + semantic 一 ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰrɯ) : phonetic 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ') + semantic 一
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phi • Middle-Chinese : phij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄨˋ
|large; grand • to act on; to follow • A particle. • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 不 • Used in 可丕丕 (“heart beating”).
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|丫
|large; grand
|丕 (eumhun 클 비 (keul bi))
|hanja form of 비 (“large; grand”)
|canonical : 丕: Hán Việt readings: phi 丕: Nôm readings: vầy • canonical : vậy • canonical : phỉ • canonical : bậy • canonical : phơi • canonical : chăng • canonical : chẳng • canonical : phi
|chữ Hán form of phi (“large; grand”). • Nôm form of vầy (“such; like this”). • Nôm form of vậy (“so; thus”).
|丕
|-
|-
|乍
|丞
|Pictogram (象形) – an axe chopping wood. Original form of 柞. ‖  
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 卩 (“kneeling person”) + 廾 (“both hands”) + 凵 (“hole”) – to rescue a person from a hole. Compare 承. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“upper part; rise; raise”). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 卩 (“kneeling person”) + 廾 (“both hands”) + 凵 (“hole”) – to rescue a person from a hole. Compare 承. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“upper part; rise; raise”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsèe • Middle-Chinese : dzraeH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsànn
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sîng • Middle-Chinese : dzying • Middle-Chinese : dzyingH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing²
|suddenly • at first • (Eastern Min) just; exactly • (Eastern Min) only a short while ago; just ‖ (Southern Min) to deep-fry slightly
|to assist, to aid • (archaic) a low-level assistant to the governor of a county • Alternative form of 承 • a surname ‖ Original form of 拯 (zhěng, “to rescue”).
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|Although
|to help, to rescue
|乍 (eumhun 잠깐 사 (jamkkan sa))
|丞 (eumhun 도울 승 (doul seung)) ‖ 丞 (eumhun 구원할 증 (guwonhal jeung))
|(for) a short time
|(archaic) hanja form of 승 (“help”) ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 拯 (“hanja form of 증 (“help”)”)
|Hán-Nôm : chạ • Hán-Nôm : sạ • Hán-Nôm : cha • Hán-Nôm : sã • Hán-Nôm : chả
|canonical : 丞: Hán Việt readings: thừa 丞: Hán Nôm readings: thừa • canonical : chẳng
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|乍
|丞
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|-
|乒
|丟
|
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 一 (“one (item)”) + 去 (“to go; to remove”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phin • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phín • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phing
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄡ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiu
|(onomatopoeia) ping! • Short for 乒乓球 (pīngpāngqiú, “ping pong; table tennis”).
|to lose; to misplace • to be missing; to be lost • to throw; to cast; to toss; to discard • to put aside; to dismiss • (archaic) to orgasm; to cum
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|to discard, to lose, to reject
|丟 (eumhun 아주 갈 주 (aju gal ju))
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|乒
|丟
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|-
|乓
|么
|Variant of 幺. ‖ Simplified from 麽 (elimination of 麻). Officially adopted as the simplified form of 麽 in the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme (《漢字簡化方案》) in 1956.
| ‖
| ‖
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bam¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phóng
|(onomatopoeia) pang!, pong!, bang!
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|么 • (yo) · 么 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo)
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|Hán-Nôm : bang
|么
|-
|乩
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|乓
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹
|-
|method of divination involving planchette writing • Alternative form of 稽 (“to divine”)
|乖
|
|
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaai¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄞ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuai • Middle-Chinese : kweaj
|to divine; alternative form of 卟 or 稽.
|clever; alert • (usually of a child or animal) well-behaved; docile; obedient; nice; untroublesome • (literary, or in compounds) to violate; to rebel • (literary, or in compounds) to separate; to split • (literary, or in compounds) to break off; to cut off • (literary, or in compounds) difference; mistake • (literary, or in compounds) unnatural; strange • (Sichuanese, Xiang) beautiful
|乩 • (gye) · 乩 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye)
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|to diverge, to disobey, to go against
|乖 (eumhun 어그러질 괴 (eogeureojil goe))
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|Hán-Nôm : quai • Hán-Nôm : quay
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|乖
|乩
|-
|-
|亂
|乱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːns) : phonetic 𤔔 (*[r]ˁo[n]-s) + semantic 乚. The left-side component 𤔔 is itself ideogrammatic, depicting the effort to comb a tangle of threads, hence the semantic link to order and disorder. \ Area word of Austroasiatic origin. Compare Khmer ប្រួល (pruəl, “changing; unstable”) < Khmer រួល (ruəl, “to cook; to grill”), and also Khmer កំរោល (kɑmraol, “to go berserk; to become excited”) < Khmer រោល (rool, “to burn; to roast”) (Schuessler, 2007). Burmese ရုန်း (run:, “to struggle, to warp, to cause chaos”) and Tibetan ཁྲལ་ཁྲུལ (khral khrul, “fragments; scattered”) are Austroasiatic loans. Compare also Vietnamese lộn (“to turn the inside out, upside down, to reverse, to return, etc.”) and trộn (“to mix; to blend; to turn upside down”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːns) : phonetic 𤔔 (*[r]ˁo[n]-s) + semantic 乚. The left-side component 𤔔 is itself ideogrammatic, depicting the effort to comb a tangle of threads, hence the semantic link to order and disorder. \ Area word of Austroasiatic origin. Compare Khmer ប្រួល (pruəl, “changing; unstable”) < Khmer រួល (ruəl, “to cook; to grill”), and also Khmer កំរោល (kɑmraol, “to go berserk; to become excited”) < Khmer រោល (rool, “to burn; to roast”) (Schuessler, 2007). Burmese ရုန်း (run:, “to struggle, to warp, to cause chaos”) and Tibetan ཁྲལ་ཁྲུལ (khral khrul, “fragments; scattered”) are Austroasiatic loans. Compare also Vietnamese lộn (“to turn the inside out, upside down, to reverse, to return, etc.”) and trộn (“to mix; to blend; to turn upside down”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luān • Middle-Chinese : lwanH ‖
|disorderly; chaotic • unstable; volatile; turbulent • unrest; uprising; revolt; rebellion • confused; befuddled • distraught; upset • promiscuous • wildly; in an uncontrolled way; without order or reason; at random; haphazardly; having no direction or coherence; recklessly; arbitrarily • to obscure; to blur; to mix up • to destroy; to ruin; to throw into disorder; to upset • (obsolete, literary, music or poetry) coda; finale; conclusion of a piece • (Classical) to administer; to govern; to manage • (rare and obsolete) to cross a body of water ‖ (Teochew) casually; as one pleases
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|turbulent
|亂 (eumhun 어지러울 란 (eojireoul ran), word-initial (South Korea) 어지러울 난 (eojireoul nan))
|hanja form of 란/난 (“confusion, state of chaos”) • hanja form of 란/난 (“create chaos, revolt”)
|Hán-Nôm : loạn • Hán-Nôm : trộn • Hán-Nôm : lộn
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|亂
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|些
| ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sia • Hokkien · Tai-lo : se • Middle-Chinese : sjae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so¹ • Middle-Chinese : saH • Middle-Chinese : sejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄛ
|some; a few; a little; a bit (an indefinite amount) • (used after adjectives and certain verbs) a bit; a bit more • rather; somewhat • (archaic) A modal particle. ‖ A modal particle. • (figurative) fu (poetry) • ^‡ can; be able to • ^‡ what • ^‡ this ‖ ^‡ to decrease
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|a few, a little; some • sometimes
| ‖ 乱(らん) • (ran)
|些 (eum 사 (sa))
|chaos, disorder • disorderly ‖ chaos, disorder • revolt, rebellion
|little
|Hán-Nôm : ta • Hán-Nôm : tá
|chữ Hán form of ta (“I; me; we; us”).
|些
|-
|亞
|Pictogram (象形) : an overhead view of a construction, likely a 亞-shaped tomb. \ Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔrak (“inferior; dependent”), whence Tibetan རག (rag, “to depend on; subject; subservient; dependent”) (Bodman, 1980; Coblin, 1986). \ Karlgren (1957) connects it to 惡 (OC *qaːɡ, “evil”), but Schuessler (2007) considers this to be unlikely due to the semantics. \ The shangsheng pronunciation in Mandarin (yǎ) is a result of influence from the pronunciation of 啞／哑 (yǎ), whose written form contains 亞 as a component (Fu, 1958). ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : à • Middle-Chinese : 'aeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa³ ‖
|^† a house (four walls & windows, seen from above) • second; inferior • Alternative form of 婭／娅 • a surname ‖ (～洲) Short for 亞細亞／亚细亚 (Yàxìyà, “Asia”). ‖ (chiefly dialectal) Alternative form of 阿 (“kinship prefix”) ‖ (Nanning Pinghua) this
| ‖
|rank • follow • sub- prefix ‖  
|亞 (eumhun 버금 아 (beogeum a)) ‖ 亞 • (A) (hangeul 아)
|hanja form of 아 (“second; sub-”) • hanja form of 아 (“ranking next; coming after”) • hanja form of 아 (“Asia (abbreviation)”) • hanja form of 아 (“used as a prefix to names”) ‖ (in headlines) Short for 亞細亞아세아 (Asea, “Asia”).
|Hán-Nôm : á • Hán-Nôm : a
|Asia • Asiatic
|亞
|-
|亨
|Pictogram (象形) . An ancestral shrine. ‖ Pictogram (象形) . An ancestral shrine. ‖ Pictogram (象形) . An ancestral shrine.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hing • Middle-Chinese : xaeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paang¹ • Middle-Chinese : phjaeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˇ • Middle-Chinese : xjangX
|smoothly progressing; prosperous • (physics) Short for 亨利 (hēnglì, “henry”). • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 烹 (pēng) ‖ Alternative form of 享 (xiǎng)
| ‖ 亨(とおる) • (Tōru)
|pass through • go smoothly ‖ a male given name
|亨 • (hyeong, paeng) · 亨 • (hyeong, paeng) (hangeul 형, 팽, revised hyeong, paeng, McCune–Reischauer hyŏng, p'aeng)
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|Hán-Nôm : Hưởng
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|亨
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|亮
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raŋs) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 京 (OC *kraŋ, “building; tower”). \ Part of an Austroasiatic word family; compare Khmer [script needed] (-rāṃṅa, “to be light; to be bright”) (Schuessler, 2007), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *raaŋʔ (“light; to shine”); as well as: \ :* ស្រាំង (srang, “to be pale; to be colourless”) with 爽 (OC *sraŋʔ), \ :* [script needed] (brāṅa, “to grow light (after dark)”) with 炳 (OC *praŋʔ). \ :* បំព្រាង (bɑmpriəng, “to shed a pale light”) with 明 (OC *mraŋ). \ Alternatively, STEDT compares it to Proto-Kuki-Chin *klaaŋ-I, *klaan-II (“to shine; light; bright”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liāng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liōng • Middle-Chinese : ljangH
|bright; brilliant; radiant • loud and clear • (dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Wu, Xiang) lamp; light • to shine; to illuminate • (neologism) to be the highlight; to be epic • to make one's voice loud and clear; to raise one's voice • to reveal; to disclose • a surname
| ‖ 亮(りょう) • (Ryō) ^(←りやう (ryau)?) · 亮(あきら) • (Akira)
|clear • help ‖ a male given name • a male given name
|亮 (eum 량 (ryang))
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|Hán-Nôm : lượng • Hán-Nôm : lương
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|亮
|乱
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|-
|什
|争
| ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sím ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dzyip ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚˊ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : siánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siannh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sannh
|Only used in 什麼／什么 (shénme). ‖ (census) ten families • troop of ten men • set of ten poems • Alternative form of 十 (shí, “ten”), usually used in fractions or multiples. • miscellaneous; assorted • Alternative form of 雜／杂 (zá) • a surname ‖ Only used in 通什. ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 啥 (“what”)
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|(financial, obsolete) ten
|什 • (sip, jip) · 什 • (sip, jip) (hangeul 십, 집, revised sip, jip, McCune–Reischauer sip, chip)
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|Hán-Nôm : thập • Hán-Nôm : lặt • Hán-Nôm : thậm
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|什
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|仆
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰoːɡs, *pʰus, *pʰoɡs, *bɯːɡ, *pʰoːɡ) : semantic 人 + phonetic 卜 (OC *poːɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : puk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phak • Middle-Chinese : phjuH • Middle-Chinese : phjuwH • Middle-Chinese : phuwH • Middle-Chinese : bok
|to fall forward • to lie prostrate; prone
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|conflict; quarrel
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|仆 (eum 부 (bu))
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|Hán-Nôm : bộc • Hán-Nôm : phó
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|仆
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|仇
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡu) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 九 (OC *kuʔ) – spouse. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡu) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 九 (OC *kuʔ) – spouse.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siû • Middle-Chinese : gjuw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiû • Middle-Chinese : gjuw
|hatred; enmity; resentment • enemy; foe; adversary • to make reprisals; to retaliate • to proofread; to check against the original ‖ companion; peer • spouse; mate • a surname
| ‖ 仇(あだ) • (ada) ‖ 仇(かたき) • (kataki)
| ‖ foe, enemy ‖ Alternative form of 敵
|仇 (eum 구 (gu))
|enemy • hate, hatred • enmity
|Hán-Nôm : cừu
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|仇
|争
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|仍
|亙
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯŋ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 乃 (OC *nɯːʔ). \ ; “to be done repeatedly; as before”
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 二 + 月 (“moon”). \ Possibly also the original form of 恆.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiông • Middle-Chinese : nying
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gang² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiàn • Middle-Chinese : kongH
|to follow; to do the same as • to continue; to be done repeatedly • frequently; repeatedly • the eighth generation; numerous (descendants) • still; yet • thus; as a result • a surname
|(of space or time) to extend all the way; to stretch • ^† continuous; complete • ^† completely; thoroughly • a surname
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|仍 (eum 잉 (ing))
|request
|亙 (eum 긍 (geung))
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|Hán-Nôm : nhưng • Hán-Nôm : nhăng • Hán-Nôm : nhang • Hán-Nôm : những • Hán-Nôm : dưng • Hán-Nôm : dừng • Hán-Nôm : nhẳng • Hán-Nôm : nhùng
|Hán-Nôm : cẳng • Hán-Nôm : cắng • Hán-Nôm : cứng • Hán-Nôm : gắng • Hán-Nôm : hẵng
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|仍
|亙
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|仔
|亟
|Characters in the same phonetic series (子) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔslɯ, *ʔslɯʔ) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ) \ Cognate with 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ) and 崽 (OC *ʔslɯːʔ, *srɯː, *srɯː). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (子) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔslɯ, *ʔslɯʔ) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ) \ Cognate with 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ) and 崽 (OC *ʔslɯːʔ, *srɯː, *srɯː). ‖ Hokkien á is a weak form of 囝 (kiáⁿ, káⁿ), as evidenced in older, less reduced forms such as giá (Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum; 彚音妙悟) or iá (Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum; Medhurst, 1832). (Mandarin and Cantonese pronunciations in words borrowed from Southern Min are from etymology 1.) ‖ Hokkien á is a weak form of 囝 (kiáⁿ, káⁿ), as evidenced in older, less reduced forms such as giá (Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum; 彚音妙悟) or iá (Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum; Medhurst, 1832). (Mandarin and Cantonese pronunciations in words borrowed from Southern Min are from etymology 1.) ‖ Weak form of 佮 (kah, kap, “and”). ‖ Weak form of 百 (pah, “hundred”). ‖ Weak form of 旦 (tòaⁿ, “dawn”). ‖ (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) ‖ Cognate with 載 (OC *ʔslɯːʔ, *ʔslɯːs, *zlɯːs, “to load; to carry”). ‖ From 著／着.
|Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 人 + semantic 二, with 口 and 攴 (later simplified to 又) later added. ‖ Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 人 + semantic 二, with 口 and 攴 (later simplified to 又) later added.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsír • Middle-Chinese : tsiX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄞˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄞˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : á ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kánn ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : á ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : á • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ah ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : á • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nà ‖  ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsi ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gik¹ • Middle-Chinese : kik ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei³ • Middle-Chinese : khiH
|(domesticated animals or fowls) young • meticulous; fine • (Taiwan) Alternative form of 籽 (zǐ, “seed”) ‖ (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Shehua) son (Classifier: 個／个 c; 粒 c) • (Cantonese) child • (Cantonese, slang) boyfriend (Classifier: 條／条 c) • (Cantonese, slang) (young) male (Classifier: 條／条 c; 隻／只 c) • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Northern Min) Diminutive suffix. · Denotes a young male of a particular trait. • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Northern Min) Diminutive suffix. · Denotes a young male of a particular occupation or background, often demeaningly. • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Northern Min) Diminutive suffix. · Used to call somebody affectionately. (For names, it is only used for males.) • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Northern Min) Diminutive suffix. · Demeaningly denotes somebody of a particular occupation or position. • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Northern Min) Diminutive suffix. · Denotes a young animal. • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Northern Min) Diminutive suffix. · Denotes something that is small in size. • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Northern Min) Diminutive suffix. · Denotes the younger sibling of one's spouse. • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Northern Min) Diminutive suffix. · Used with single-syllable nouns without denoting a specific meaning. • (Cantonese) Used after a classifier to indicate that something is small in size and/or quantity. • (Cantonese, slang, neologism) Suffix placed after a verb or adjective to sound cute and affectionate. ‖ a diminutive suffix for nouns, adjectives or quantities • a suffix that converts a verb or adjective into a noun • a suffix placed after a name or title, used endearingly, humorously or pejoratively ‖ Alternative form of 囝, especially when used as a suffix. ‖ (Southern Min) An interfix placed between two nouns to show the relationship between the two objects. ‖ (Southern Min) An interfix placed between two numbers to denote the value of 100, i.e. x 仔 y = 100x + 10y. ‖ (Southern Min) An interfix used limitedly in certain temporal location adverbs. ‖ a suffix used after nouns • a suffix that makes a derogatory slur ‖ Only used in 仔肩 (zījiān). ‖ Used to show a verb has been completed before the last verb of a sentence, often in a sequence of events. • Used to indicate the present perfective.
|urgently • urgent; pressing ‖ (literary) repeatedly; frequently
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|offspring (animal) • detailed, fine
|sudden
|仔 (eum 자 (ja))
|亟 • (geuk, gi) · 亟 • (geuk, gi) (hangeul 극, 기, revised geuk, gi, McCune–Reischauer kŭk, ki, Yale kuk, ki)
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|Hán-Nôm : tử • Hán-Nôm : tể
|Hán-Nôm : cấc • Hán-Nôm : cức • Hán-Nôm : cực
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|
|仔
|亟
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|-
|仗
|仃
|Derived from 杖 (OC *daŋʔ) "cane, staff", with suffix *-s → *-h → 去聲／去声 (qùshēng), attested in Zuozhuan as 杖 (zhàng) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for etymology.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːŋ) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiǒng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiāng • Middle-Chinese : drjangX • Middle-Chinese : drjangH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding¹ • Middle-Chinese : teng
|weaponry; weapons; arms • to hold a weapon • war; battle • (obsolete) guard; escort • to depend; to rely
|Only used in 伶仃 (língdīng) and 仃伶.
| ‖ 仗(つえ) • (tsue) ^(←つゑ (twe)?) ‖ 仗(つわもの) • (tsuwamono) ^(←つはもの (tufamono)?) ‖ 仗(まわり) • (mawari) ^(←まはり (mafari)?) ‖ 仗(じょう) • (jō) ^(←ぢやう (dyau)?)
| ‖ Alternative spelling of 杖 (“a cane, a crook, a walking stick”) ‖ Alternative spelling of 兵 (“weaponry; a soldier, a warrior; a courageous person, a brave; someone who is very confident, even obstinate”) ‖ Alternative spelling of 回り, etc.: surroundings; around; turning ‖ military strength • reliable, dependable
|仗 (eum 장 (jang))
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|Hán-Nôm : trượng • Hán-Nôm : dượng
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|仗
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|份
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁶⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hùn
|share; part; portion • duty • degree; extent; level; standard • Classifier for things that are part of a whole.; part; portion • Classifier for servings. • Classifier for copies, documents, newspapers, periodicals.; copy • (colloquial, used with erhua) Classifier for appearances or states. • Suffix used after 省, 縣／县, 年, 月, etc.
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|portion • part • duty
|Hán-Nôm : đừng • Hán-Nôm : đần • Hán-Nôm : đành • Hán-Nôm : đình • Hán-Nôm : đứa • Hán-Nôm : dừng • Hán-Nôm : đinh
|份 (eum 빈 (bin))
|portion • part • duty
|Hán-Nôm : phần • Hán-Nôm : phân
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|份
|仃
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|-
|仿
|仄
| ‖  
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsrɯɡ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 厂 (“cliff”) + phonetic 夨 (OC *ʔsrɯɡ, “man with crooked head”) – "oblique, slanted" ‖ From English cheque.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng • Middle-Chinese : phjangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tseh • Middle-Chinese : tsrik ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cek¹
|to imitate • to resemble; to be similar • characters written after a calligraphy model • a surname: Fang ‖ Alternative form of 彷 (“to waver”)
|slanting; oblique • narrow • uneasy; worried • oblique tone • Alternative form of 側／侧 (“side”) • (dialectal) to raise (cause to rise) • (loanword, Mainland China) zepto- (SI unit prefix) ‖ (Cantonese, dated) cheque
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|imitate • copy • as if • stand still • wander
|be seen dimly • suggest, intimate, hint • faint • stupid
|仿 (eum 방 (bang))
|仄 (eum 측 (cheuk))
|imitate • similar to
|Hán-Nôm : phảng • Hán-Nôm : phẳng • Hán-Nôm : phàng • Hán-Nôm : phần • Hán-Nôm : phỏng
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|仿
|Hán-Nôm : trắc
|(linguistics, poetry, of a tone) being neither the ngang or huyền tone • (poetry, of a rhyme) carrying a trắc tone
|仄
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|-
|伊
|仞
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qlil) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 尹 (OC *ɢʷlinʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(h)i ~ *(h)aj (“this; here”). Cognate with Burmese ဤ (i, “this”). ‖ From 渠 (MC gjo, “he; she; it”). \ In Southern Sixian Hakka: /ki/ → /i/. \ In Wu (You, 1995): /ɡ-/ → /dʑ-/ → /ɦ-/ ( → /ʔ-/).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Middle-Chinese : 'jij ‖
|(literary) this; that • (literary, formal or Coastal Min) he, him; she, her; it • (literary) you (singular) • (～水, ～河) Yi River (a tributary of the Luo River in Henan, China) • a surname • Short for 伊拉克 (Yīlākè, “Iraq”). • Short for 伊朗 (Yīlǎng, “Iran”). ‖ (Southern Sixian Hakka, Wu) he, him; she, her; it
| ‖ 伊(い) • (I) ‖ 伊(い) • (i)
| ‖ Short for イタリア (Italia, “Italy”). ‖ Short for 伊太利 (Italia, “Italy”). • Short for 伊賀 (Iga, “Iga”).
|伊 (eumhun 저 이 (jeo i))
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|canonical : 伊: Hán Việt readings: y 伊: Nôm readings: y • canonical : ì
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁶ • Middle-Chinese : nyinH
|(historical) a unit of measure, which had been defined to be 8 chi, 7 chi, 5 chi 6 cun, and 4 chi • to fathom; to measure depth or height • Alternative form of 刃 (rèn, “blade; sword; knife”) • Alternative form of 牣 (rèn, “to fill; full”) • Alternative form of 認／认 (rèn, “to recognize”) • Alternative form of 忍 (rěn, “to endure”) • Alternative form of 韌／韧 (rèn, “strong, tough”) • (historical) a place in Chu during the Spring and Autumn period
| ‖ 仞(じん) • (jin)
| ‖ ren, ancient Chinese unit of measure
|仞 (eum 인 (in))
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|伊
|Hán-Nôm : nhẩn • Hán-Nôm : nhận
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|仞
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|伍
|仟
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːʔ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 五 (OC *ŋaːʔ). Also ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) . ‖ From 亻 (denoting one octave higher in Kunqu) + 五 (wǔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : góo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gǒo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gōo • Middle-Chinese : nguX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˇ
|troop of five soldiers • (figuratively) military • ally; company • (financial) Alternative form of 五 (“five”) • a surname: Wu, Woo, Ng, or Eng ‖ (music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note high la (6̇).
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|(financial, dated) five • five (mahjong)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshing • Middle-Chinese : tshen
|伍 (eumhun 다섯사람 오 (daseotsaram o))
|(historical) leader of one thousand men • (financial) Alternative form of 千 (“thousand”) • Alternative form of 阡 (“footpath between fields going north/south”) • Alternative form of 芊 (“lush (vegetation)”)
|hanja form of 오 (“five”)
| ‖ 仟(せん) • (sen)
|Hán-Nôm : ngũ
| ‖ (financial, archaic) thousand
|five
|仟 • (cheon) · 仟 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn)
|伍
|-
|伙
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲) and ideogrammic compound (會意): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 火/ semantic 火.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : fo² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hér • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hué
|companion; colleague • group of such people • Classifier for groups of people. • jointly • meal; food • (Hong Kong) Classifier for flats or families. • a surname
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|companion; colleague; utensils
|伙 (eum 화 (hwa))
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|Hán-Nôm : lõa • Hán-Nôm : loã • Hán-Nôm : hỏa • Hán-Nôm : hoả • Hán-Nôm : hõa • Hán-Nôm : hoã • Hán-Nôm : lỏa • Hán-Nôm : loả
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|伙
|仟
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|-
|估
|仳
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːʔ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːʔ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ).
| ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo • Middle-Chinese : kuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu³
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pî • Middle-Chinese : phjieX • Middle-Chinese : bijX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bjij
|to estimate (an amount, value, etc.) • (Cantonese) to guess • (literary) price • (literary) merchant; businessperson ‖ Only used in 估衣 (gùyi, “secondhand clothes for sale”).
|(literary) to part; to leave each other • to distinguish; to tell apart • Alternative form of 比 ‖ Only used in 仳倠.
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|估 (eum 고 (go))
|仳 (eum 비 (bi))
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|Hán-Nôm : cô • Hán-Nôm : cố
|Hán-Nôm : tị
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|估
|仳
|-
|-
|伶
|伉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːŋ) : semantic 人 (“man; person”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs)
| ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : líng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : leng
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong³ • Middle-Chinese : khangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤˇ
|(historical) court musician; performer • (dated) actor • solitary; lonely • clever • a surname
|(literary) to match; to be equal to • (literary) tall; strong • high; tall • upright • arrogant; haughty • (Wenzhounese) and • Alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “to resist”) • a surname ‖ upright ‖ (historical) A person's name.
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|clever • actor • smart
|伶 (eum 령 (ryeong))
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|Hán-Nôm : rành • Hán-Nôm : lanh • Hán-Nôm : linh • Hán-Nôm : nhanh • Hán-Nôm : rảnh • Hán-Nôm : ranh • Hán-Nôm : rình • Hán-Nôm : lánh
|伉 • (hang) · 伉 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang)
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|伶
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|伉
|-
|-
|佃
|伕
| ‖
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tin⁴ • Middle-Chinese : den ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tān • Middle-Chinese : denH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹
|(literary) to till; to cultivate • (literary) Alternative form of 畋 (tián, “to hunt”) ‖ to rent and till land from a landlord • (obsolete) land rent • (dialectal) to rent • a surname
|Alternative form of 夫 (“husband”) • Alternative form of 夫 (“common laborer”)
| ‖ 佃(つくだ) • (tsukuda)
| ‖ cultivated rice field
|佃 (eum 전 (jeon))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : điền
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|佃
|-
|佑
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷɯs) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs). \ Exoactive derivation of 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs, “right”). \ “Right” and “left” are metaphors for “to assist” via the following semantic development: “left or right” > “to be on the left or right of a person” > “to assist, to help, to protect”. \ Compare the derivation of 佐 (OC *ʔsaːls, “to assist; to help”) from 左 (OC *ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls, “left”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iū • Middle-Chinese : hjuwH
|to assist; to help; to protect • (alt. form 祐) to bless • a surname • (Taiwan) yotta- (SI unit prefix)
| ‖ 佑(ゆう) • (Yū)
|To help ‖ a male given name
|佑 • (u) · 佑 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u)
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|Hán-Nôm : hữu • Hán-Nôm : hựu
|to assist; to help
|佑
|-
|你
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nɯʔ) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 尔 (OC *njelʔ). Alternatively, Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 人 (“person”) + 尔 (“you”) \ Colloquial form of 爾 (OC *njelʔ, “you”) attested since the Tang dynasty. Ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ (“you”). ‖ Contraction of 你嘅 (ngi2 gê4, “your”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ní ‖
|you (the person spoken to or written to) ‖ your
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|Extended shinjitai form of 儞: you
|你 (eum 니 (ni))
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|canonical : 你: Hán Việt readings: nhĩ • canonical : nễ 你: Nôm readings: né • canonical : nể • canonical : nẻ • canonical : nệ
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|你
|伕
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|-
|佣
|会
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong
|commission (amount of money paid to a middleman)
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| ‖ 会(かい) • (kai) ^(←くわい (kwai)?) ‖ 会(かい) • (-kai) ^(←くわい (kwai)?) ‖ 会(え) • (e) ^(←ゑ (we)?)
| ‖ meeting, gathering • society, association, club ‖ meeting • party; function ‖ gathering; meeting • perceive; understand; comprehend • Alternative form of 絵 (e, “picture; drawing; painting”)
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|佣
|会
|-
|-
|佩
|伽
|人 (“person”) + 凡 + 巾 (“piece of cloth”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡa, *ɡal) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡa, *ɡal) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡa, *ɡal) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pui³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phua̍h • Middle-Chinese : bwojH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ke⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gja ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa¹
|belt ornament; pendant • to wear; to hang (from the waist) • to hold; to carry • to remember in heart • to admire • to surround; to encircle
|Original form of 茄 (qié). • Used in transcription. ‖ Used in transcription. ‖ Used in transcription. • Short for 伽利略 (jiālìlüè, “galileo (unit)”).
| ‖ 佩(はい) • (-hai) ‖ 佩(はい) • (hai)
| ‖ 伽(とぎ) • (togi)
| ‖ swords ‖ ancient ornamental belt
|nursing • attending • entertainer • used for transliterating Sanskrit ‖ relieving one of boredom with a story; also, such a person • attending one in their bedroom; also, such a person • nursing or taking care of a person; also, such a person
|佩 (eum 패 (pae))
|伽 (eumhun 절 가 (jeol ga))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bội
|Hán-Nôm : già • Hán-Nôm : giả • Hán-Nôm : gia • Hán-Nôm : nhà
|
|
|佩
|伽
|-
|-
|併
|佇
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *breːŋʔ, *breːŋs, *peŋʔ, *peŋs, *beːŋʔ) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daʔ) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 宁 (OC *da, *daʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ta-t (“to put; to place”). Cognate with 著 (OC *tas, *taɡ, *daɡ), 署 (OC *djas) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pìng • Middle-Chinese : pjiengX • Middle-Chinese : bengX • Middle-Chinese : pjiengH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǐ • Middle-Chinese : drjoX
|to combine; to amalgamate
|(literary) to stand (for a long time) • to stop; to stay (for a long time) • to wait; to hope for; to look forward to • to store; to accumulate • (Hokkien) to be at; to be in; to be located • (Hokkien) (located) in; at • (Hokkien) during; in
|
|
|join
|to stand (for a while)
|併 (eum 병 (byeong))
|佇 (eumhun 우두커니 설 저 (udukeoni seol jeo))
|to stand (for a while) • to stay • to wait for • to store; to accumulate
|Hán-Nôm : giữ • Hán-Nôm : trữ
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tính
|佇
|
|-
|併
|体
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 亻 (“person”) + 本 (“basis”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːnʔ) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 本 (OC *pɯːnʔ). ‖
| ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban⁶ • Middle-Chinese : bwonX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟˋ
| ‖ Alternative form of 笨 (bèn, “coarse appearance; inferior”) • Used in 体夫 (“pallbearer”). ‖ ^‡ name of prison
| ‖ 体(たい) • (-tai) ‖ 体(たい) • (tai) ‖ 体(てい) • (tei)
| ‖ counter for humanoid objects ‖ the body (e.g., of a human or animal) • the body (e.g., of a human or animal) · (particularly) the torso excluding the limbs: the trunk, abdomen • a substance, matter • a form, shape • (algebra) field (commutative ring with invertible nonzero elements) ‖ an outward appearance, look, aspect
|体 (eumhun 몸 체 (mom che)) ‖ 体 (eumhun 용렬할 분 (yongnyeolhal bun))
|Alternative form of 體 (“hanja form of 체 (“body”)”) ‖ Alternative form of 笨 (“hanja form of 분 (“mediocre; rough”)”)
|Hán-Nôm : thể ‖ Hán-Nôm : thấy
|body ‖ Alternative form of 𫌠/𧡊 (to see)
|体
|-
|-
|來
|佔
|Pictogram (象形) of wheat – original character of 麥 (OC *mrɯːɡ, “wheat”) or 麳 (OC *rɯː, “wheat”). The line in the middle represents the ear, the two lines pointing upwards represent leaves, and the lines pointing downwards represent the stem and roots. An additional horizontal line was often added at the top end of the character, possibly used to emphasize the ear of the wheat. Compare 禾. \ This character has been borrowed for “to come” since the oracle bone script. During the Western Zhou and Warring States periods, additional semantic components, such as 止 (“foot”) or 辵 (“to walk”), were added to differentiate the original sense from the borrowed sense. However, these additions were not inherited in later scripts. \ Some consider the derivative 麥 from the addition of 夊 (“to walk slowly”) to be the original form for the meaning “to come”. If so, their meanings have interchanged due to frequent use of 來 for “to come”. \ Shuowen connects “wheat” and “to come” from a mythological standpoint: 天所來也 (“it comes from the heavens”). This may be supported by archaeological evidence, which suggests that wheat is not native to China, but originated in the Fertile Crescent. \ 來 and 麥 have both been reconstructed to begin with *mr- in Old Chinese. The former retains the liquid as /l/, while the latter retains the nasal /m/. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *la-j ~ ra (“to come”) (STEDT). Cognate with 迨 (OC *l'ɯːʔ, “to reach; until”), 賚 (OC *rɯːs, “to bestow”), Burmese လာ (la, “to come”). Also cognate with 蒞 (OC *rɯbs, “to arrive”) according to Schuessler (2007). ‖ Cognate to or same word as 麥 (OC *mrɯːɡ) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjems, *teːm) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjems, *teːm) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjems, *teːm) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjems, *teːm) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâi • Middle-Chinese : loj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loi⁴ • Middle-Chinese : loj
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zim³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàm ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢ • Middle-Chinese : tem
|to come; to arrive • to happen; to occur • to do (specific meaning depending on the context) • since • next; coming; future • (after a number) about; approximately; around • Used after a verb of motion to indicate movement toward the speaker. • Used before a verb to express volition. • Used with 不 or 得 to express capability. • Used after numerals in colloquial lists. • Meaningless particle for rhythmic purposes. • (Shanghainese) currently • (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 來 (MC loj) • a surname ‖ (obsolete) wheat
|to occupy; to possess ‖ Alternative form of 覘／觇 (“to peep; to look”) ‖ to whisper • Alternative form of 襜 (chān) ‖ Only used in 佔侸.
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 来
|possess, usurp, occupy by force
|來 (eumhun 올 래 (ol rae), word-initial (South Korea) 올 내 (ol nae))
|佔 (eum 점 (jeom))
|hanja form of 래 (“to come; to arrive”)
|occupy • seize • take
|Hán-Nôm : lai • Hán-Nôm : lay • Hán-Nôm : lơi • Hán-Nôm : ray • Hán-Nôm : rơi • Hán-Nôm : rời
|Hán-Nôm : chiêm • Hán-Nôm : chiếm
|
|
|來
|佔
|-
|-
|侈
|佗
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰjalʔ) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 多 (OC *ʔl'aːl). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g(r/l)aːj (“scatter, sow, dispersedly widely; wide; star”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007). \ *Insides Chinese, cognate with 哆 (OC *ʔl'aːlʔ), 移 (OC *lal), 離 (OC *reːls, *rel, *rels) (STEDT); \ *Outsides Chinese, cognate with Burmese ကျယ် (kyai, “wide”), Mizo tai (“scatter, disperse”), Northern Qiang [script needed] (ʁdʐə, “star”) (Mawo), Southern Qiang [Term?] (χdʐe³³pe⁵⁵, “star”) (Taoping), etc. (ibid.).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰaːl, *l'aːl) : semantic 人 (“human”) + phonetic 它 (OC *l̥ʰaːl). ‖  ‖ Probably from 底 (Yang, 2002): \ * tai → ta (→ taʔ); \ * tue → to (→ toʔ). \ For Zhangzhou Hokkien, from an ellipsis of 佗落 (tah-lo). ‖ Probably from 底 (Yang, 2002): \ * tai → ta (→ taʔ); \ * tue → to (→ toʔ). \ For Zhangzhou Hokkien, from an ellipsis of 佗落 (tah-lo). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshí • Middle-Chinese : tsyheX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô • Middle-Chinese : da ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taa¹ • Middle-Chinese : tha ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tá ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : toh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tio̍h ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ
|extravagant; wasteful; excessive; luxurious • exaggerated; overstated
|Alternative form of 馱／驮 (“to carry on one's back”) ‖ Alternative form of 他 • a surname ‖ (Hokkien) which ‖ (Hokkien) where ‖ to add; to impute ‖ Only used in 委佗, alternative form of 委蛇 (wēiyí)
|
|
|
|
|侈 (eum 치 (chi))
|佗 (eum 타 (ta))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : xỉ • Hán-Nôm : ẩy • Hán-Nôm : xảy • Hán-Nôm : xí • Hán-Nôm : đứa • Hán-Nôm : xẩy • Hán-Nôm : xi
|Hán-Nôm : đà
|
|
|侈
|佗
|-
|-
|侶
|佝
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰoːs) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰoːs) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰoːs) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau¹ • Middle-Chinese : xuwH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ
|Used in 佝僂／佝偻 (gōulóu). ‖ Only used in 佝瞀. ‖ Alternative form of 拘 (jū)
|
|
|佝 • (gu) · 佝 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku)
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī • Middle-Chinese : ljoX
|companion • associate with
| ‖ 侶(とも) • (tomo)
| ‖ companion, follower
|侶 (eumhun 짝 려 (jjak ryeo), word-initial (South Korea) 짝 여 (jjak yeo))
|hanja form of 려/여 (“companion”)
|Hán-Nôm : lứa • Hán-Nôm : lữ
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|
|侶
|-
|俄
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Middle-Chinese : nga ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo
|suddenly; (very) soon; presently • tilted ‖ Short for 俄羅斯／俄罗斯 (Éluósī).: Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)
| ‖ 俄(が) • (ga)
| ‖ sudden, abrupt, unexpected
|俄 (eum 아 (a))
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|
|canonical : 俄: Hán Việt readings: nga 俄: Nôm readings: nga • canonical : ngoa
|佝
|chữ Hán form of Nga, nga (“Russia, Russian”). • chữ Hán form of nga (“sudden; in an instant”).
|俄
|-
|-
|俏
|佞
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *neːŋs) : phonetic 仁 (OC *njin) + semantic 女.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁶ • Middle-Chinese : nengH
|eloquent • to flatter; to be good at flattery • flatterer • evil; wicked; crafty • hypocritical; hypocrisy • to feel dizzy • talent (usually in the humble expression 不佞 (bùnìng))
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshió • Middle-Chinese : tshjewH
|flattery • insincerity
|pretty; handsome; smart • charming; lovely • fast-selling; in great demand • (dialectal) to season (foods)
|佞 (eum 녕 (nyeong))
|flattery • glib
|Hán-Nôm : nịnh • Hán-Nôm : nạnh • Hán-Nôm : nến • Hán-Nôm : nính
|
|
|like • similar • resemble • pretty • disguise oneself as • dress up • pine away
|佞
|俏 (eum 소 (so))
|-
|like • similar • resemble • pretty
|佬
|Hán-Nôm : tiếu
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 亻 (“man; person”) + phonetic 老 (OC *ruːʔ). \ Found in certain southern dialects (chiefly Cantonese) as the colloquial word for “man” (for example, in the term 肥佬). Probably related to Zhuang raeuz ~ laeuz (“we; also a demonym: Rau peoples”), a widespread Tai word meaning “we; people” (Proto-Tai *rawᴬ). \ First attested in 1678 in the following passage from Guangdong Xinyu: \ 廣州謂平人曰佬，亦曰獠，賤稱也。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]广州谓平人曰佬，亦曰獠，贱称也。 [Literary Chinese, simp.] \ Guǎngzhōu wèi píngrén yuē lǎo, yì yuē liáo, jiànchēng yě. [Pinyin] \ People in Guangzhou call “common people” lau or leu (derogatory). \ Also compare Proto-Hmong *ʔljuwᴮ (“male”) (White Hmong lau (“male”)), Proto-Katuic *-law (“man”), as well as Lao ລາວ (lāo, “Lao < people”), Thai ลาว (laao). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˇㄦ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : láu
|(chiefly Cantonese, dialectal Wu, often slightly derogatory) (adult) man; guy; fellow; chap (Classifier: 個／个 c) ‖ Only used in 侾佬 (“large”). ‖ (Southern Min) to cheat; to swindle
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|
|俏
|-
|俐
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī
|smooth; clever; sharp
|
|
|clever
|俐 (eum 리 (ri))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lợi • Hán-Nôm : lời
|Hán-Nôm : lão
|
|
|俐
|佬
|-
|-
|俘
|佯
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰuw) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 孚 (OC *pʰuw, “to capture”) – to capture. Originally written 孚.
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hu • Middle-Chinese : phju
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁴ • Middle-Chinese : yang • Middle-Chinese : dzjang ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tènn
|to capture (enemy at war) • prisoner of war
|to pretend; to feign • Used in 佯佯. • Used in 倘佯 (chángyáng). • Used in 儴佯 (xiāngyáng) and 翔佯 (xiángyáng). • Used in 仿佯. ‖ (Southern Min) to pretend; to feign
| ‖ 俘(とりこ) • (toriko)
| ‖ prisoner, captive • slave to one's emotions
|俘 • (bu) · 俘 • (bu) (hangeul 부, revised bu, McCune–Reischauer pu)
|captive
|
|
|Lie, deceive, show a false appearance.
|佯 • (yang) · 佯 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang)
|
|
|俘
|-
|俯
|In bronze inscriptions, phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *poʔ) : phonetic 府 (OC *poʔ) + semantic 勹 (“person bending over”). In the modern script 勹 has changed to 亻.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Middle-Chinese : pjuX
|to bow one's head • to bend down; to bow • to look from above; to overlook; to look down • (honorific) to deign
|
|
|to bend down • to lie down
|俯 (eum 부 (bu))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phủ
|佯
|-
|佰
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mbraːɡ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 百 (OC *praːɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mbraːɡ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 百 (OC *praːɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baak³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pah ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mak⁶ • Middle-Chinese : maek
|(financial) Alternative form of 百 (“hundred”) • (archaic) troop of 100 soldiers, or a leader of such unit, centurion ‖ Alternative form of 陌
| ‖ 佰(はく) • (haku)
| ‖ (financial, archaic) one hundred
|佰 (eum 백 (baek))
|(백 사람 어른 백, baek-saram-eoreun-): centurion • (일백 백, il-baek-): hundred
|Hán-Nôm : bách
|
|
|俯
|佰
|-
|-
|俱
|佻
| ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tiu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tiu¹ • Middle-Chinese : thew • Middle-Chinese : dew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tiu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠˋ
|frivolous • to steal • Alternative form of 挑 ‖ (walking) alone • graceful; elegant ‖ light; quick ‖ to hang; to suspend • far ‖ to delay ‖ arrogant ‖ Alternative form of 肇
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khū • Middle-Chinese : kju
|all; together; completely; entirely • to accompany; to be together with • to be alike; to be similar • a surname
|
|
|佻 (eum 조 (jo))
|
|
|俱 (eumhun 함께 구 (hamkke gu))
|Hán-Nôm : điêu • Hán-Nôm : đào • Hán-Nôm : diêu
|hanja form of 구 (“accompany, together”)
|Hán-Nôm : câu • Hán-Nôm : cu • Hán-Nôm : gu • Hán-Nôm : cụ • Hán-Nôm : gù
|
|
|俱
|佻
|-
|-
|俳
|侃
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *brɯːl) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *brɯːl) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl).
| ‖ From 侃大山.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâi • Middle-Chinese : beaj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄞˊ
| ‖  
|actor • vaudeville show • (literary) humorous; funny ‖ Only used in 俳佪.
|(literary) upright; outspoken; straightforward • (literary) harmonious and happy; congenial • to boast; to tease ‖ (colloquial) to chatter idly • (dialectal) to chat
|
|
|actor • haiku
|俳 • (bae) · 俳 • (bae) (hangeul 배, revised bae, McCune–Reischauer pae)
|
|
|canonical : 俳: Hán Việt readings: bài
|侃 • (gan) · 侃 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan)
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|
|俳
|-
|俸
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *poːŋʔ, *boŋs) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 奉 (OC *boŋʔ). \ Exopassive of 奉 (OC *boŋʔ, “to receive”), literally “that which is received” (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǒng • Middle-Chinese : puwngX • Middle-Chinese : bjowngH
|wages; salary; official emolument • a surname
| ‖ 俸(ほう) • (hō)
| ‖ salary
|俸 (eum 봉 (bong))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bổng • Hán-Nôm : bóng • Hán-Nôm : bỗng • Hán-Nôm : vụng • Hán-Nôm : bống • Hán-Nôm : phỗng
|
|
|俸
|侃
|-
|-
|倔
|侏
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡlud) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 屈 (OC *klud, *kʰlud).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjo) : semantic 人 (“human”) + phonetic 朱 (OC *tjo). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjo) : semantic 人 (“human”) + phonetic 朱 (OC *tjo).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ku̍t • Middle-Chinese : gjut
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Middle-Chinese : tsyu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡ
|stubborn; obstinate • (Cantonese) blunt; not sharp
|Used in 侏儒 (zhūrú). ‖ Used in 侏張／侏张.
|
|
|
|
|倔 (eum 굴 (gul))
|侏 (eum 주 (ju))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : quật • Hán-Nôm : oặt • Hán-Nôm : quặt • Hán-Nôm : quất • Hán-Nôm : quịt
|Hán-Nôm : thù
|
|
|倔
|侏
|-
|-
|倘
|侖
| ‖  ‖
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 亼 + 冊 (“book”). The component 亼 can be interpreted as either "gather" ("to gather books" therefore "order") or as a downward mouth ("reading words as they're written" therefore "order").
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thóng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siâng ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : thang
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lûn • Middle-Chinese : lwin
|if; supposing; in case ‖ Only used in 倘佯. ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 通 (thang, “can; may”)
|Alternative form of 倫／伦 (“reason; order”)
|
|
|think, be methodical
|侖 • (ryun>yun) · 侖 • (ryun>yun) (hangeul 륜>윤, revised ryun>yun, McCune–Reischauer ryun>yun, Yale lyun>yun)
|
|
|倘 (eum 당 (dang))
|Hán-Nôm : lỏn • Hán-Nôm : lốn • Hán-Nôm : lổn • Hán-Nôm : lôn • Hán-Nôm : lủn • Hán-Nôm : luân • Hán-Nôm : lũn • Hán-Nôm : lụm • Hán-Nôm : lụn • Hán-Nôm : trôn
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thảng • Hán-Nôm : thẳng • Hán-Nôm : người • Hán-Nôm : thoáng • Hán-Nôm : thoảng • Hán-Nôm : thằng • Hán-Nôm : thoang • Hán-Nôm : thoắng
|侖
|
|倘
|-
|-
|倚
|俎
|Pictogram (象形) – sacrificial altar for meat. The altar's legs are on the left and the vessel is on the right.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zo² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsóo • Middle-Chinese : tsrjoX
|(historical) sacrificial altar; stand or vessel for meat and food sacrifice • (literary) chopping board; chopping block • a surname
| ‖ 俎(そ) • (so)
| ‖ sacrificial altar • cutting board; a chopping board
|俎 • (jo) · 俎 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : í • Middle-Chinese : 'jeX • Middle-Chinese : 'jeH
|to lean on; to lean against • to rely on; to depend on; to lean on • to be partial toward; to lean toward
|
|
|to lean on; to lean against • to rely on; to depend on • Alternative form of 椅: chair • Alternative form of 踦, 畸: lame, crippled; unbalanced
|倚 • (ui, gi) · 倚 • (ui, gi) (hangeul 의, 기, revised ui, gi, McCune–Reischauer ŭi, ki)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ỷ • Hán-Nôm : ấy
|俎
|
|倚
|-
|-
|倡
|俑
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjaŋ, *tʰjaŋs) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 昌 (OC *tʰjaŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjaŋ, *tʰjaŋs) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 昌 (OC *tʰjaŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiàng • Middle-Chinese : tsyhangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiong • Middle-Chinese : tsyhang
|to lead (a chorus); to introduce • to sing • to advocate; to recommend; to encourage; to promote; to propagate ‖ professional singer and dancer • musician; actor; entertainer; performer • Alternative form of 娼 (chāng, “prostitute”)
|
|
|prostitute
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵ • Middle-Chinese : thuwng • Middle-Chinese : yowngX
|倡 (eum 창 (chang))
|tomb figurine
| ‖ 俑(よう) • (yō)
| ‖ wooden figure buried with the dead
|俑 (eum 용 (yong))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : xướng
|Hán-Nôm : dõng • Hán-Nôm : dũng
|
|
|倡
|俑
|-
|-
|倦
|俚
|In the Chu form, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrons) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 龹 (). In the Small Seal Script form, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrons) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 卷 (OC *ɡron, *kronʔ, *krons, *ɡonʔ). \ Compare Tibetan ཀྱོར་ཀྱོར (kyor kyor, “weak; feeble”), Tibetan ཁྱོར་བ (khyor ba, “to stumble; to move totteringly”), Tibetan འཁྱོར་བ ('khyor ba, “to stagger, to reel”) (Bodman, 1980). Cognate with 痯 (OC *koːnʔ, *koːns, “exhausted”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯʔ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ). \ ; folk, popular \ ; ethnic groups living in southern China ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuàn • Middle-Chinese : gjwenH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí • Middle-Chinese : liX ‖
|tired; weary
|(obsolete) to rely on • (literary) rustic; vulgar; unpolished • folk; popular • (historical) general name for non-Han ethnic groups living in southern China ‖ (Suzhounese) he; she
|
|
|in fatigue • languor • grow weary of, lose interest in
|倦 (eumhun 게으를 권 (geeureul gwon))
|hanja form of 권 (“languor”)
|Hán-Nôm : quyện • Hán-Nôm : cuộn
|
|
|倦
|俚 (eum 리 (ri))
|-
|值
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dɯɡs, *dɯɡ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 直 (OC *dɯɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dɯɡs, *dɯɡ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 直 (OC *dɯɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ta̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi³ • Middle-Chinese : driH
|price • (mathematics, computing, etc.) value • to be worth • worthwhile • to be on duty • to face; to confront • (Hokkien) to be a match for; to compare favorably with ‖ (obsolete) to hold upright
|
|
|Alternative form of 値
|Hán-Nôm : lái • Hán-Nôm : lia • Hán-Nôm : lí
|值 (eum 치 (chi))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : trị • Hán-Nôm : trịa
|俚
|
|值
|-
|-
|偎
|俞
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːl) : semantic 人 (“man; person”) + phonetic 畏 (OC *quls)
|In oracle bone script, it was likely a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 凡 + phonetic inverted 由 (OC *lɯw). It's also possible that the phonetic component is instead an ancient form of 鏃 (OC *ʔsoːɡ). In bronze inscriptions, 凡 corrupted into 舟, and the bottom-right subcomponent gradually corrupted into two lines (now written 刂). The upper-right subcomponent (亼) moved to the top of the character in bamboo slips, and 舟 was further corrupted into 月, arriving at the modern form. ‖ In oracle bone script, it was likely a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 凡 + phonetic inverted 由 (OC *lɯw). It's also possible that the phonetic component is instead an ancient form of 鏃 (OC *ʔsoːɡ). In bronze inscriptions, 凡 corrupted into 舟, and the bottom-right subcomponent gradually corrupted into two lines (now written 刂). The upper-right subcomponent (亼) moved to the top of the character in bamboo slips, and 舟 was further corrupted into 月, arriving at the modern form. ‖ In oracle bone script, it was likely a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 凡 + phonetic inverted 由 (OC *lɯw). It's also possible that the phonetic component is instead an ancient form of 鏃 (OC *ʔsoːɡ). In bronze inscriptions, 凡 corrupted into 舟, and the bottom-right subcomponent gradually corrupted into two lines (now written 刂). The upper-right subcomponent (亼) moved to the top of the character in bamboo slips, and 舟 was further corrupted into 月, arriving at the modern form. ‖ In oracle bone script, it was likely a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 凡 + phonetic inverted 由 (OC *lɯw). It's also possible that the phonetic component is instead an ancient form of 鏃 (OC *ʔsoːɡ). In bronze inscriptions, 凡 corrupted into 舟, and the bottom-right subcomponent gradually corrupted into two lines (now written 刂). The upper-right subcomponent (亼) moved to the top of the character in bamboo slips, and 舟 was further corrupted into 月, arriving at the modern form. ‖ In oracle bone script, it was likely a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 凡 + phonetic inverted 由 (OC *lɯw). It's also possible that the phonetic component is instead an ancient form of 鏃 (OC *ʔsoːɡ). In bronze inscriptions, 凡 corrupted into 舟, and the bottom-right subcomponent gradually corrupted into two lines (now written 刂). The upper-right subcomponent (亼) moved to the top of the character in bamboo slips, and 舟 was further corrupted into 月, arriving at the modern form.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ue • Middle-Chinese : 'woj
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû • Middle-Chinese : yu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau³ • Middle-Chinese : trhjuwH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ
|to snuggle up to; to lean close to • hidden; unclear • to comfort
|to approve; to consent • yes • to reply; to respond • (literary) satisfied; at ease • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 腧 (“acupoint”) ‖ a surname ‖ Alternative form of 愈 (yù, “even more”) • Alternative form of 癒／愈 (yù, “to recover”) ‖ Used in 俞兒／俞儿.
|
|
|cling to • cuddle • embrace • fondle
|偎 • (oe) · 偎 • (oe) (hangeul 외)
|come close • approach • embrace • faint, vague
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|
|俞 (eum 유 (yu))
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|偎
|Hán-Nôm : dũ
|
|俞
|-
|-
|做
|俟
|Originally a vulgar variant of 作, written ⿰作攵. The component 乍 later corrupted into 古. \ Colloquial form of the departing-tone variant of 作 (MC tsaH, “to do”), to differentiate from the checked-tone variant (now represented by 作). Loss of checked codas in Mandarin has resulted in homophony of the two.
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tserè
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Middle-Chinese : zriX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gj+j
|to do; to perform • to make; to produce • to become • to give (a party, a reception) • to be (a role) • (euphemistic) to make love • (Cantonese) to work at • (Cantonese) to air; to broadcast
|to wait ‖ Used in 万俟 (Mòqí).
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|(to) make/do
|俟 • (sa, gi) · 俟 • (sa, gi) (hangeul 사, 기, revised sa, gi, McCune–Reischauer sa, ki)
|做 • (ju, ja) · 做 • (ju, ja) (hangeul 주, 자)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : tố • Hán-Nôm : súa
|
|
|做
|
|俟
|-
|-
|偵
|俠
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Middle-Chinese : trhjeng • Middle-Chinese : traengH • Middle-Chinese : trhjengH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia̍p • Middle-Chinese : hep
|to spy, reconnoiter • detective • Alternative form of 貞／贞 (zhēn, “divination”)
|chivalrous person; knight-errant • chivalrous; gallant
| ‖ 俠(きょう) • (kyō) ^(←けふ (kefu)?) ‖ 俠(きゃん) • (kyan) ‖ 俠(きゃん) • (kyan) -na (adnominal 俠(きゃん)な (kyan na), adverbial 俠(きゃん)に (kyan ni))
|chivalrous person • chivalry • knight-errant • tomboy ‖ Kyūjitai form of 侠: chivalrous spirit ‖ Kyūjitai form of 侠: a chivalrous person; a tomboy ‖ Kyūjitai form of 侠: chivalrous, tomboyish
|俠 • (hyeop) · 俠 • (hyeop) (hangeul 협, revised hyeop, McCune–Reischauer hyŏp)
|chivalrous person • knight-errant
|Hán-Nôm : hiệp
|
|
|investigation, spy, detective
|俠
|偵 (eumhun 염탐할 정 (yeomtamhal jeong))
|hanja form of 정 (“investigation; spy”)
|Hán-Nôm : trinh • Hán-Nôm : rình • Hán-Nôm : triệng
|
|偵
|-
|-
|偷
|俾
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰoː) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo). ‖ From on9, reinterpreted as the keystrokes in Simplified Cangjie which produces the character 偷.
| ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄡ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thio • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thau • Middle-Chinese : thuw ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pī • Middle-Chinese : pjeX • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pī • Middle-Chinese : pjeX • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pī • Middle-Chinese : pjeX • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pī • Middle-Chinese : pjeX • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pī • Middle-Chinese : pjeX • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟ
|to steal; to snatch • stealthily; secretly; covertly • thief; burglar • to have an extra-marital relationship • to while away without purpose; to drift along • (Cantonese) to exhaust the usage of space ‖ (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, leetspeak) Alternative form of on9
|(literary, formal) in order to; so that; so as to; therefore; thus; thereby • Original form of 裨 (bì, “to benefit”). ‖ Only used in 俾倪. ‖ Only used in 安俾. ‖ Alternative form of 比 ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 畀
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|
|
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|偷 (eum 투 (tu))
|俾 (eum 비 (bi))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : thầu • Hán-Nôm : du • Hán-Nôm : thâu
|Hán-Nôm : tỉ
|
|
|偷
|俾
|-
|-
|偽
|倀
|Simplified from 僞 (爲 → 為). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋʷrals) : semantic 亻 (“man”) + phonetic 為 (OC *ɢʷal, *ɢʷals, “to make”), originally “artificial”. \ Often thought to be derived from 為 (OC *ɢʷal, “to act as”) (Karlgren, 1956; Wang, 1982; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). \ Alternatively, it may be cognate to 訛 (OC *ŋʷaːl, “erroneous”) (Schuessler, 2007); this may be compared to Tibetan རྔོད (rngod, “to deceive”), though the -d in Tibetan is unexplained (Gong, 1995; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2014). \ Jacques (2022, 2023) seems to attempt to unify the two etymologies above. He argues the Middle Chinese initial ng- in both 偽 (MC ngjweH) and 訛 (MC ngwa) come from a middle voice/intransitivizing prefix *ŋ-. 偽, reconstructed as *ŋ-waj-s, would be derived from 為 (OC waj) as the root.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaŋ, *rtaːŋs) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 長 (OC *taŋʔ, *daŋ, *daŋs) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaŋ, *rtaːŋs) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 長 (OC *taŋʔ, *daŋ, *daŋs)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uî • Middle-Chinese : ngjweH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiòng • Middle-Chinese : trhjang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Middle-Chinese : traengH
|false; counterfeit; bogus; fake; pseudo-; artificial • falsehood; untruthfulness • illegal; illegitimate
|insane person • ghost of one devoured by a tiger who becomes a servant of the tiger and helps it find more victims ‖ Only used in 倀悙／伥悙.
| ‖ 偽(ぎ) • (gi) ‖ 偽(にせ) or 偽(ニセ) • (nise)
|
|falsehood, lie • fake, forgery ‖ a falsehood, lie • (logic) a false statement (usually based without facts) ‖ a counterfeit, forgery • an imitation, replica • prefixed to nouns: · counterfeit, forged • prefixed to nouns: · fake, false
|
|偽 (eum 위 (wi))
|倀 (eum 창 (chang))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ngụy • Hán-Nôm : nguỵ
|Hán-Nôm : trành
|
|
|偽
|倀
|-
|-
|傅
|倆
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paɡs) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 尃 (OC *pʰa). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paɡs) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 尃 (OC *pʰa).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raŋʔ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 兩 (OC *raŋʔ, *raŋs). \ Contraction of 兩個 (liǎngge, “two + classifier”). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hū • Middle-Chinese : pjuH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáng
|(literary) teacher; instructor • (literary) to assist • (literary) to teach; to instruct • (literary) to attach to; to adhere to • a surname ‖ (literary) Alternative form of 敷 (fū) • (literary) Alternative form of 敷 (fū) · to apply; to lay on; to lace
|(colloquial) functioning as 兩 (“two”) + an implied classifier: two; pair; couple; both • (colloquial, chiefly Mainland China) a few; some ‖ Only used in 伎倆／伎俩 (jìliǎng).
|
|
|
|
|傅 (eum 부 (bu))
|倆 (eum 량 (ryang))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phó
|Hán-Nôm : lưỡng • Hán-Nôm : lạng
|
|
|傅
|倆
|-
|-
|傘
|倌
|Pictogram (象形) – pictographic representation of an umbrella.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːn, *kroːns) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 官 (OC *koːn). \ Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)(j)wal (STEDT); cognate with Tibetan ཁོལ་པོ (khol po, “servant”), Burmese ကျွန် (kywan, “slave”), Proto-Loloish *C-kywan¹ (“slave”), 宦 (OC *ɡʷraːns, “servant; official”). \ 官 (OC *koːn, “official”) is probably the same word as 倌 (OC *koːn, *kroːns) (Schuelsser, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sàn • Middle-Chinese : sanX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuann • Middle-Chinese : kwan • Middle-Chinese : kwaenH
|umbrella; parasol • umbrella-like object • parachute • a surname: San
|servant who drives a carriage • groom; keeper of domestic animals • worker in a teahouse or restaurant who provides service
| ‖ 傘(かさ) or 傘(カサ) • (kasa) (counter 本)
|
| ‖ umbrella (cloth-covered frame used for protection against rain or sun) • bell; umbrella (of a jellyfish)
|assistant in wine shop • groom (keeper of domestic animals)
|傘 (eumhun 우산 산 (usan san))
|倌 (eum 관 (gwan))
|hanja form of 산 (“umbrella”)
|Hán-Nôm : tản • Hán-Nôm : tàn • Hán-Nôm : tán
|
|
|傘
|Hán-Nôm : quan • Hán-Nôm : quán
|-
|傳
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tons, *don, *dons) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon). \ Related to 轉 (OC *tonʔ, *tons, “to turn around; to transfer”); see there for more. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tons, *don, *dons) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon). \ Related to 轉 (OC *tonʔ, *tons, “to turn around; to transfer”); see there for more.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuînn • Middle-Chinese : drjwen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuān • Middle-Chinese : drjwenH • Middle-Chinese : trjwenH
|to transfer; to deliver; to transmit; to pass on • to teach; to impart • to pass down; to hand down • to abdicate; to resign sovereign authority • to express; to convey • to summon; to call • to spread; to circulate; to disseminate • (physics) to conduct (electricity or heat) • (Hokkien) to pass on to the next generation; to transmit to the offspring • (Mainland China Hokkien) to summon with a subpoena • (Mainland China Hokkien) to give birth; to procreate; to have children • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to prepare; to get ready; to make ready • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to set up a trap to make a fool of someone • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to give • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to allow; to let; to permit • (Quanzhou Hokkien) by ‖ (historical) relay station for transmitting documents • (historical) stagecoach; post-chaise • (historical, literature) a category of historical literary works · historical narrative; record; chronicle; historical documents • (historical, literature) a category of historical literary works · commentary; annotation • (historical, literature) a category of historical literary works · paracanonical work (any work that complements a canon or a canonical body of texts but not considered canonical by itself, often including the above) • (literature) biography; life story • (historical, literature) novel or story written in the historical style • to write a biography
|
|
|summon • propagate, transmit
|倌
|傳 (eumhun 전할 전 (jeonhal jeon))
|hanja form of 전 (“transfer”)
|canonical : 傳: Hán Việt readings: truyền • canonical : truyện • canonical : truyến 傳: Nôm readings: chuyền • canonical : chuyện • canonical : chuyến • canonical : chiện ‖ romanization : truyền ‖ romanization : truyện ‖ romanization : chuyền ‖ romanization : chuyện
| ‖ chữ Hán form of truyền (“to transmit, to transfer; to impart; to summon; to express”). ‖ chữ Hán form of truyện (“a story, a novel, a fiction book”). ‖ Nôm form of chuyền (“to pass a ball”). ‖ Nôm form of chuyện (“matters, affairs; a tale, a legend”).
|傳
|-
|-
|傻
|倏
|Unclear. Possible early forms in Middle Chinese include 𧫝 (MC srwaeX) or 誜 (MC srwaeH), indicating "to speak carelessly; to talk nonsense".
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljɯwɢ) : phonetic 攸 (OC *lɯw) + semantic 犬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sá • Middle-Chinese : srwaeX • Middle-Chinese : srwaeH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk¹ • Middle-Chinese : syuwk
|foolish; silly; stupid • inflexible; naïvely stubborn • blank; dumbfounded • (dialectal Mandarin, including Tianjin Mandarin) very; quite
|sudden; abrupt • suddenly; abruptly; hastily
|
|
|
|
|傻 (eum 사 (sa))
|倏 • (suk) · 倏 • (suk) (hangeul 숙, revised suk, McCune–Reischauer suk)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : xọa • Hán-Nôm : xoạ • Hán-Nôm : xoe • Hán-Nôm : xọ • Hán-Nôm : xõ
|Hán-Nôm : thúc
|
|
|傻
|倏
|-
|-
|僕
|們
|In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals. \ 其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component. \ In the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ). \ Probably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986). \ Alternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 門 (OC *mɯːn). \ First attested in the Song dynasty (Lü, 1940). Various other glyphs representing *mVn have been attested in Song dynasty texts, including 懣, 滿, 瞞, 門. \ It is probably related to 弭 (MC mjieX) (in 我弭) and 偉 (MC hjw+jX) (in 兒郎偉／儿郎伟 (érláng wěi)) attested in the Tang dynasty (Lü, 1940); it is related to 每 (měi), as in 我每 (wǒměi), common during the Jin (Jurchen), Yuan and early Ming dynasties (Lü, 1985). \ Proposed etymologies: \ * From the personal pronoun plural marker 輩 (OC *puːls) (Lü, 1985; Feng, 1997; Li, 2013). \ * From 門 (MC mwon, “door; clan; family”) (Ota, 2003; Yu, 1989; Li and Shi, 2000). \ * From 每人 (MC mwojX nyin, “everybody”) (Norman, 1988); compare Eastern Min 各儂／各侬 (“everybody”), used in 我各儂／我各侬 (“we; us”), 汝各儂／汝各侬 (“you (plural)”), 伊各儂／伊各侬 (“they”). \ * From 物 (MC mjut, “thing”) (Jiang, 1995). \ * From plural features in Dravidian languages, cf. Classical Tamil -m, -mar, -mār suffixes, Tamil நாம் (nām, “inclusive we”), via Indic languages by means of Buddhist transmission (Chen & Ye, 2020). \ Also compare 您. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po̍k • Middle-Chinese : buwk • Middle-Chinese : bowk
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bûn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄣˋ
|servant; slave (often male) • (literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant • (obsolete) coachman; groom • (obsolete) to attach; to adhere • a surname
|Suffix indicating plural for pronouns, some animated nouns and personifications. • Suffix attached to the name of the representative of a group to refer to that whole group. • (dialectal Mandarin, Jin) General suffix indicating plural. ‖ Only used in 們渾／们浑 (mènhún).
| ‖ 僕(ぼく) • (boku) ‖ 僕(ぼく) or 僕(ボク) • (boku) ‖ 僕(しもべ) • (shimobe)
|
|I (masculine speech) • manservant ‖ manservant, servant ‖ (men's speech) I; me (personal pronoun; usually used by males; implies that the speaker is a young boy or otherwise boyish) • you, he, she (only used in reference to a person who uses this term to refer to themselves, or is one who is assumed to use it, such as a young boy) ‖ manservant, servant • a man of low social status • a low-ranking civil servant
|
|僕 (eum 복 (bok))
|們 (eum 문 (mun))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : bộc • Hán-Nôm : bọc
|Hán-Nôm : món • Hán-Nôm : môn • Hán-Nôm : mon
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|
|僕
|們
|-
|-
|僵
|倖
| ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hīng • Middle-Chinese : heangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥˋ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǐng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīng
|to favor; to dote on • by fluke or chance ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 婞 (xìng, “obstinate”) ‖ (Southern Min) to spoil; to pamper; to indulge
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiang • Middle-Chinese : kjang
|(obsolete) to fall down • stiff; rigid • stupefied; dazed; blank • deadlocked
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|
|fall down • collapse
|倖 (eum 행 (haeng))
|僵 (eum 강 (gang))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : cương
|Hán-Nôm : hãnh • Hán-Nôm : hạnh
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|僵
|倖
|-
|-
|價
|値
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːs) : semantic 人 + phonetic 賈 (OC *kraːʔ, *kraːs, *klaːʔ, “sell”). \ Perhaps related to 賈 (OC *kraːʔ, *kraːs, *klaːʔ, “to sell”). ‖ See 介. ‖  ‖
|
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kèe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kà • Middle-Chinese : kaeH ‖  ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄚˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄐㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄍㄚ
|price; cost • value • (chemistry) valence; valency • (linguistics) valence; valency • a surname: Jia ‖ (Hangzhounese) Alternative form of 介 (so, such) ‖ Only used in 㒑價／㒑价 (kuǐqiǎ). ‖
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|
|worth, value
|價 (eumhun 값 가 (gap ga))
|hanja form of 가 (“price; value”)
|Hán-Nôm : giá
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|
|價
| ‖ 値(あたい) • (atai) ^(←あたひ (atafi)?) ‖ 値(ね) • (ne)
|price • value ‖ value ‖ price
|値 (eum 치 (chi))
|
|Hán-Nôm : trị • Hán-Nôm : trịa
|
|値
|-
|-
|僻
|倥
| ‖  
| ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phik • Middle-Chinese : phjiek • Middle-Chinese : phek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bui⁶
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Middle-Chinese : khuwng • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung² • Middle-Chinese : khuwngX • Middle-Chinese : khuwngH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Middle-Chinese : khuwng • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung² • Middle-Chinese : khuwngX • Middle-Chinese : khuwngH
|to avoid; to evade • unorthodox • remote; out of the way • uncommon; rare • eccentric; odd; peculiar • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) codewords used in certain professions or gangs ‖ Alternative form of 背 (“remote; secluded; out-of-the-way”)
|Only used in 倥侗 (kōngtóng). ‖ Only used in 倥傯／倥偬 (kǒngzǒng).
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|倥 • (gong) · 倥 • (gong) (hangeul 공, revised gong, McCune–Reischauer kong)
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|僻 (eumhun 후미질 벽 (humijil byeok))
|hanja form of 벽 (“remote; out of the way”) • hanja form of 벽 (“uncommon; rare”)
|Hán-Nôm : tịch
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|
|僻
|倥
|-
|-
|儉
|倨
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡramʔ) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gim⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiǎm • Middle-Chinese : gjemX
|frugal; thrifty • modest; moderate; temperate • lacking; insufficient • poor harvest • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to save up; to store up • (Teochew, Singapore Hokkien) to save; to economize • a surname
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kù • Middle-Chinese : kjoH
|(literary) haughty; arrogant • Alternative form of 踞 (jù, “to crouch; to squat”) • Alternative form of 鋸／锯 (jù, “saw”)
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|
|儉 (eumhun 검소하 검 (geomsoha geom))
|hanja form of 검 (“frugal, temperate”)
|Hán-Nôm : kiệm • Hán-Nôm : cợm • Hán-Nôm : hiếm • Hán-Nôm : thiếu
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|儉
|倨 • (geo) · 倨 • (geo) (hangeul 거, revised geo, McCune–Reischauer kŏ)
|-
|允
|Oracle bone script: Pictogram (象形) – a person with the head emphasized, indicating a nod. \ Bronze inscriptions onward (corrupted form): Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lunʔ) : phonetic 㠯 (OC *lɯʔ) + semantic 儿 (“person”). \ Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs *winʔ or *junʔ: \ * If *junʔ, then possibly related to Burmese ယုံ (yum, “to believe”); if so, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *yum (“to believe”); other cognates would then be Asho Chin yón-é, Mara Chin zó, Lahu ʑo³¹. \ * If *winʔ, then 信 (OC *hljins) (minimally reconstructed *sin(s)) is its possible derivative.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄣˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ín • Middle-Chinese : ywinX
|^† to allow; to consent; to permit • ^† fair; just; equitable; even-handed; impartial • ^† proper; suitable; appropriate • ^† honest; genuine • a surname
| ‖ 允(まこと) • (Makoto)
|consent • sincerity • permit ‖ a male given name
|允 (eum 윤 (yun))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : doãn • Hán-Nôm : duẫn
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|
|允
|-
|兒
|Pictogram (象形) : an infant with an imperfect cranium (i.e. fontanelle). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-ŋa-j (“small; inferior; offspring”) (STEDT). Cognate with Burmese ငယ် (ngai, “little; young”), Jingpho shangai (ʃă³¹ ŋai³¹, “to give birth”). \ According to Schuessler (2007), it may be an area word; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *ŋa(i)k (“baby”), Proto-Bahnaric *ŋaː (“baby”), Khmer ង៉ា (ngaa, “infant; baby”). The word is also cognate with 倪 (OC *ŋeː, “small and weak”). 伢 is the southern dialectal form of 兒 (MC nye, “child; son”). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄦˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jî • Middle-Chinese : nye ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ngej
|(now in compounds) child • one's own child; son • (now in compounds) (male) adolescent • (attributive, of animals) male • Non-syllabic noun diminutive suffix. • Suffix after nouns that does not indicate diminutiveness. • Suffix added to some verbs or adjectives to form nouns. • Suffix after a limited number of verbs. • Suffix after certain nouns that result in a different meaning from the unsuffixed form. • Suffix after reduplicated adjectives. ‖ a surname • Alternative form of 齯／𫠜 (ní, “teeth grown in old age”) • Alternative form of 倪 (“small and weak”) • Alternative form of 郳 (Ní)
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|
|Kyūjitai form of 児 (“child; young of animals”) • Used in personal names.
|倨
|兒 (eumhun 아이 아 (ai a)) ‖ 兒 (eumhun 다시 난 이 예 (dasi nan i ye))
|hanja form of 아 (“child”) ‖ hanja form of 예 (“used in personal names”)
|canonical : 兒: Hán Việt readings: nhi • canonical : nghê 兒: Nôm readings: nhẻ
|chữ Hán form of nhi (“child”).
|兒
|-
|-
|兔
|倩
|Pictogram (象形) – a rabbit. \ Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Japhug qala (“rabbit”) (with animal prefix qa-), Lisu ꓕꓳꓽ ꓡꓻ (tʰò lɑ) (Schuessler, 2007; Zhang et al., 2019). ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs) : semantic 人 + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs) : semantic 人 + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thòo • Middle-Chinese : thuH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiàn • Middle-Chinese : tshenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìng • Middle-Chinese : tshjengH
|leporid; rabbit or hare • moon • Short for 伏兔 (“a component of a chariot”). • a surname ‖ Mercury (planet)
|smiling • (beautiful) man • beautiful; pretty; handsome • fast ‖ to ask someone to do something • to have the aid of • to borrow • (Min) to employ; to hire • (Teochew) to beg; to plea; to please; to excuse oneself. Example: 倩食 (ciah4 ziah8) is a very polite way of asking people to eat. • (Hokkien) to urge; to entrust • son-in-law • servant; domestic servant • Alternative form of 銃／铳 (chòng). Only used in 飯匙倩／饭匙倩.
|
|
|Rabbit
|兔 (eumhun 토끼 토 (tokki to))
|hanja form of 토 (“rabbit, hare”)
|Hán-Nôm : thố • Hán-Nôm : thỏ
|Rabbit • (by extension) a leporid
|兔
|-
|兜
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𠑹 (“cover”) + 皃 (“head”): a helmet. \ Baxter and Sagart (2014) suggests a connection to 頭 (OC *[m-t]ˤo, “head”). See there for more. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : too • Middle-Chinese : tuw ‖
|helmet; hood • helmet-shaped • armor • to wrap in a bag; to encase; to carry in a wrap • bag; pouch; plastic bag • pocket • to pocket; to keep; to retain; to acquire dishonestly • to reach • to move around; to move in a circle • to canvass; to solicit • to take responsibility for • to relate in detail • to peddle; to hawk • (Hokkien) home • (Hokkien) nearby • (Singapore Hokkien) place; side; location • (Cantonese) flat or shallow container; flat or shallow bowl • (Cantonese) to contain; to hold in a container; to hold with one's hand(s) in a horizontal positional • (Cantonese) to make a detour; to bypass; to deviate • (Cantonese, of routes or journeys) indirect; lengthy; with detours or deviations • (Cantonese) to explain one's way out of a bad situation • (Cantonese) Classifier for things put in a flat or shallow container. • (Cantonese) to scoop with a flat or shallow container • (Cantonese) to hit with one's limbs, in a curved trajectory; to slap (someone); to kick ‖ (Hakka) some; a few; a little; a bit (an indefinite amount) • (Hakka) Plural marker for pronouns.
| ‖ 兜(かぶと) • (kabuto)
| ‖ helmet
|兜 (eum 두 (du))
|(투구 두, tugu-): helmet (especially, made of iron)
|Hán-Nôm : đâu
|
|
|兜
|倩 (eum 천 (cheon))
|-
|兢
|Possibly the vocalic variant of 驚 (OC *kreŋ, “to be afraid; to alarm”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with 謹 (OC *kɯnʔ, “to be careful; to be attentive”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Middle-Chinese : king
|(ideophonic) fearful; cautious
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thiến
|
|
|兢 (eum 긍 (geung))
|倩
|-
|倪
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋeː) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 兒 (OC *ŋeː, *ŋje). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋeː) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 兒 (OC *ŋeː, *ŋje).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gê • Middle-Chinese : ngej ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁶
|small child • small and weak • origin; beginning • bound; limit; extremity • to differentiate • (Wu) I; we • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 睨 (nì, “to look sideways; to squint”)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cạnh • Hán-Nôm : ganh • Hán-Nôm : căng • Hán-Nôm : giằng
|small child • edge, limit, boundary
|倪 (eum 예 (ye))
|
|
|兢
|Hán-Nôm : nghê • Hán-Nôm : hầu
|-
|內
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 冂 (“city outskirts”) + 入 (“to enter”) – entering the city through its outskirts - inside, within. \ Related to 入 (OC *njub, “to enter”); see there for more. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 冂 (“city outskirts”) + 入 (“to enter”) – entering the city through its outskirts - inside, within. \ Related to 入 (OC *njub, “to enter”); see there for more.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǎi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luē • Middle-Chinese : nwojH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naap⁶
|inside; interior; internal; inner • (obsolete) room; inner room • (literary) court; imperial palace • woman; wife • heart; mind; self • (traditional Chinese medicine) internal organs • (Buddhism) within Buddhism • 65th tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝍆) • (Teochew) family • (Teochew) home • (Internet slang) Alternative form of 那 • (Philippine Hokkien) Classifier for servings / helpings of food. ‖ to enter • Original form of 納／纳 (nà, “to pay”).
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 内
|倪
|內 (eumhun 안 내 (an nae))
|hanja form of 내 (“inside; within”) [dependent noun; prefix]
|Hán-Nôm : nội ‖ romanization : nội
| ‖ chữ Hán form of nội. · in; inside; within • chữ Hán form of nội. · inside one's heart; internal; psychological • chữ Hán form of nội. · imperial palace; royal court • chữ Hán form of nội. · wife (and concubine) • chữ Hán form of nội. · woman; a woman's beauty • chữ Hán form of nội. · bedroom; room • chữ Hán form of nội. · internal organs; entrails, bowels, guts • chữ Hán form of nội. · a surname
|內
|-
|-
|兩
|倭
|According to Shuowen Jiezi an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 一 + 㒳. Baxter (1992) observes that, in historical forms, the character is two 丙 (OC *praŋʔ) joined together; this would make 丙 the phonetic component in a sort of phono-ideogrammic compound (see also Baxter & Sagart (2014)). \ Unknown. Schuessler (2007) proposes two possible etymologies: \ * Borrowing from Kra-Dai; compare Proto-Tai *rawᴬ (“we”) > Thai เรา (rao, “we”), Zhuang raeuz (“we (inclusive)”); Proto-Kam-Sui *hra¹ (“two”) > Southern Kam yac (“two”), Sui xgaz (“two”). \ * Cognate with Tibetan སྲང (srang, “balance; scale; weight; unit of weight”). \ Derivative: 輛 (OC *raŋs, “chariot”) (literally “that which is paired”, i.e. “a set of wheels”). ‖ According to Shuowen Jiezi an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 一 + 㒳. Baxter (1992) observes that, in historical forms, the character is two 丙 (OC *praŋʔ) joined together; this would make 丙 the phonetic component in a sort of phono-ideogrammic compound (see also Baxter & Sagart (2014)). \ Unknown. Schuessler (2007) proposes two possible etymologies: \ * Borrowing from Kra-Dai; compare Proto-Tai *rawᴬ (“we”) > Thai เรา (rao, “we”), Zhuang raeuz (“we (inclusive)”); Proto-Kam-Sui *hra¹ (“two”) > Southern Kam yac (“two”), Sui xgaz (“two”). \ * Cognate with Tibetan སྲང (srang, “balance; scale; weight; unit of weight”). \ Derivative: 輛 (OC *raŋs, “chariot”) (literally “that which is paired”, i.e. “a set of wheels”). ‖ According to Shuowen Jiezi an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 一 + 㒳. Baxter (1992) observes that, in historical forms, the character is two 丙 (OC *praŋʔ) joined together; this would make 丙 the phonetic component in a sort of phono-ideogrammic compound (see also Baxter & Sagart (2014)). \ Unknown. Schuessler (2007) proposes two possible etymologies: \ * Borrowing from Kra-Dai; compare Proto-Tai *rawᴬ (“we”) > Thai เรา (rao, “we”), Zhuang raeuz (“we (inclusive)”); Proto-Kam-Sui *hra¹ (“two”) > Southern Kam yac (“two”), Sui xgaz (“two”). \ * Cognate with Tibetan སྲང (srang, “balance; scale; weight; unit of weight”). \ Derivative: 輛 (OC *raŋs, “chariot”) (literally “that which is paired”, i.e. “a set of wheels”).
| ‖ ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nňg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáng • Middle-Chinese : ljangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nióo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niáu • Middle-Chinese : ljangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ljangH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e • Middle-Chinese : 'wa ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² • Middle-Chinese : 'jwe ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wo² • Middle-Chinese : 'waX
|two • two (used in radio communications in aviation and by the military) • some; few • different; distinct • a surname ‖ tael (a traditional unit of weight) · (Mainland China) Short for 市兩／市两 (shìliǎng, “market tael, equal to 1/10 of a catty or 50 grams”). • tael (a traditional unit of weight) · (Hong Kong) equal to 1/16 of a catty or 37.7994 grams • tael (a traditional unit of weight) · (Taiwan) Short for 臺兩／台两 (“Taiwanese tael, equal to 1/16 of a catty or 37.5 grams”). • tael (a traditional unit of weight) · (historical) metal currency unit used in China and Japan • Short for 公兩／公两 (gōngliǎng, “hectogram”). ‖ Original form of 輛／辆 (liàng).
|(historical, now derogatory) Japan; Yamato • (in some animal names) dwarf; pygmy ‖ Used in 倭遲／倭迟, alternative form of 逶迤 (wēiyí, “winding; meandering”) ‖ Only used in 倭墮髻／倭堕髻 (wǒduòjì, “a hairstyle for women that was popular during the Han Dynasty in which the hair was gathered up in a lopsided bun”).
| ‖ 倭(わ) • (Wa)
|Yamato • the country of Japan ‖ ancient Japan
|倭 (eumhun 왜나라 왜 (waenara wae)) ‖ 倭 (eumhun 유순할 위 (yusunhal wi))
|hanja form of 왜 (“ancient Japan, Yamato”) ‖ (literary Chinese) hanja form of 위 (“docile, obedient”)
|Hán-Nôm : uy • Hán-Nôm : oải • Hán-Nôm : nụy • Hán-Nôm : nuỵ • Hán-Nôm : oa
|
|
|both
|倭
|兩 (eumhun 두 량 (du ryang), word-initial (South Korea) 두 양 (du yang)) ‖ 兩 (eumhun 냥 냥 (nyang nyang), word-initial (South Korea) 냥 양 (nyang yang))
|hanja form of 량 (“both”) ‖ hanja form of 냥 (“(archaic) (units of measure) a liang or tael, a unit of weight equivalent to about 40 g”) • hanja form of 냥 (“(archaic) (units of coinage) a nyang”)
|Hán-Nôm : lưỡng • Hán-Nôm : lượng • Hán-Nôm : lạng
|Nôm form of lạng (“tael (unit of weight equal to 37.8 grams)”). • chữ Hán form of lượng (“tael”). • chữ Hán form of lưỡng (“two, both”).
|兩
|-
|-
|兮
|偃
|Originally the same character as 乎 (OC *ɢaː). The oracle bone form consists of 丂 (“fork in a tree”) and two vertical strokes above; the two strokes are parallel in most oracle bone attestations, possibly representing finer branches (i.e. the sound produced by wind blows past these branches).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qanʔ) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 匽 (OC *qanʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hê • Middle-Chinese : hej
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ián • Middle-Chinese : 'jonX
|(literary) Sentence-internal or final exclamatory particle. • (Central Min, Puxian Min) Possessive particle. • (Southern Min) Alternative form of 个 (possessive particle)
|to fall on one's back; to lie down; to flop down • to desist; to cease; to stop
|
|
|dam • weir
|偃 (eum 언 (eon))
|
|
|兮 (eum 혜 (hye))
|Hán-Nôm : ễnh
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hề
|偃
|
|兮
|-
|-
|冀
|偌
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯls) : semantic 北 + phonetic 異 (OC *lɯɡs).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 若 (OC *nja, *njaʔ, *njaɡ). ‖  ‖ From 你 (“you (singular)”), with -k (plural marker) and tone change (Gan, 1997). Possibly a contraction of 你個／你个 (cf. Zhang, 1997, suggesting it to be a contraction of 若個／若个) or 你屋 (Zhang, 2005; Kwok, 2006). \ Compare 㑢 (“they”), from 佢 (“he; she; it”). ‖  ‖ Contraction of 若夥 (Mei, 2015). Compare Fuzhou Eastern Min /nˡuoʔ⁵⁻⁵³ uɑi²⁴²/ > /nˡuɑi²⁴²/.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kì • Middle-Chinese : kijH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liā ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : je⁶ ‖  ‖  ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : luā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : juā
|to look forward to; to hope for; to wish • Alternative name for 河北 (Héběi, “Hebei, a province of China”).
|so; that ‖ a surname ‖ (dialectal Cantonese, including Siyi Yue, Yangjiang) you (plural) ‖ (Taishanese) someone (else) ‖ how much; how • how (indicating surprise, delight, etc.)
| ‖ 冀(き) • (ki) ‖ 冀(き) • (Ki)
| ‖ hope for, look forward to, wish ‖ (historical) Short for 冀州 (Kishū): Ji Province • Synonym of 河北 (Kahoku): Hebei Province
|冀 (eumhun 바랄 기 (baral gi))
|hanja form of 기 (“to hope; to wish”)
|Hán-Nôm : kí
|
|
|冀
|-
|冉
|Pictogram (象形) – uncertain. Possibly depicts hair hanging down (the original form of 髯) or the edge of a turtle shell (the original form of 𪚮).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiám • Middle-Chinese : nyem • Middle-Chinese : nyemX
|(archaic) edge of a turtle shell • Used in 冉冉 (rǎnrǎn). • (obsolete) tender; weak • a surname
|
|
|偌 (eum 야 (ya))
|
|
|冉 (eum 염 (yeom))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nhiễm
|
|
|冉
|偌
|-
|-
|冗
|偕
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“roof”) + 儿 (“person”) — a person at home without work to do.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kriːl) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 皆 (OC *kriːl)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jióng
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâi • Middle-Chinese : keaj
|superfluous; unnecessary; surplus; uncalled-for; spare; excessive; redundant • complicated and tedious; overloaded with details • busy routine
|to accompany; together; in company • strong • to unify • to be in harmony (with) • Alternative form of 皆 (jiē, “all”) • a surname
|
|
|superfluous • uselessness
|
|
|偕 • (hae, hye) · 偕 • (hae, hye) (hangeul 해, 혜, revised hae, hye, McCune–Reischauer hae, hye)
|
|
|canonical : 冗: Hán Việt readings: nhũng 冗: Nôm readings: nũng • canonical : nhõng • canonical : nhũng • canonical : đem • canonical : nhùng
|
|
|冗
|-
|冤
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 冖 (“cover”) + 兔 (“rabbit”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : un • Middle-Chinese : 'jwon
|to wrong; to treat unjustly • not cost-effective • (literary, or in compounds) grievance; unjust • (literary, or in compounds) enmity; hatred • (Cantonese) to pester; to bother; to annoy • (Cantonese) Alternative form of 㾓 (jyun¹, “sore; achy and tired”) • (Southern Min) to argue; to quarrel
| ‖ 冤(えん) • (en) ^(←ゑん (wen)?)
|false charge • hatred ‖ false charge
|冤 (eumhun 원통할 원 (wontonghal won))
|hanja form of 원 (“grievance; injustice; wrong”)
|Hán-Nôm : oan
|
|
|冤
|偕
|-
|-
|冰
|傀
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ) : semantic 水 + phonetic 仌 (OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ). \ The above vulgar character in Shuowen Jiezi is 凝. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”) (provisionally reconstructed). Compare Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”), Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”), tɤjpɣom (“ice”), and perhaps Tangut 𘒓 (*par¹, “to congeal”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019; Jacques, 2014). \ Within Chinese, 凌 (OC *rɯŋ, “ice”) and possibly 凝 (OC *ŋrɯŋ, “to congeal”) are usually considered cognates (STEDT; Zhengzhang, 2003; Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). However, they are phonologically difficult to reconcile with the Tibeto-Burman cognates above (cf. Schuessler, 2007). \ STEDT also includes 雱 (OC *pʰaːŋ, “heavy (snowfall)”) and 霙 (OC *qraŋ, “snowflake”) in the Chinese comparandum of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am. \ Alternatively, this may be related to Old Khmer ប្រិង៑ (“to harden; to solidify”), from រិង៑ (“to dry up”), although the meanings are difficult to reconcile (Schuessler, 2007).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuːl, *kʰuːlʔ) : semantic 亻 (“human”) + phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ). ‖ 傀 (OC *kuːl, *kʰuːlʔ) "extraordinary" (Zhouli) > 瑰 (OC *kuːl, *ɡuːl) "rare, marvelous" > a kind precious stone" (Shijing). \ 傀 (OC *kûi) seemingly had the same OC rhyme as 怪 (OC *kwrêh; *kwêh); they may be merely variants (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ping • Middle-Chinese : ping
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka • Middle-Chinese : khwojX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai¹ • Middle-Chinese : kwoj
|ice (Classifier: 塊／块 m c; 嚿 c) • ice-cold • to freeze; to ice • (slang, drug) methamphetamine; meth; ice • a surname: Bing
|Only used in 傀儡 (kuǐlěi, “puppet”). ‖ odd; peculiar; extraordinary • great
|
|
|Alternative form of 氷
|large
|冰 (eumhun 얼음 빙 (eoreum bing))
|傀 (eumhun 꼭두각시/허수아비 괴 (kkokdugaksi/heosuabi goe)) ‖ 傀 (eumhun 클 괴 (keul goe))
|Alternative form of 氷 (“hanja form of 빙 (“ice”)”)
|hanja form of 괴 (“puppet”) ‖ (literary) hanja form of 괴 (“large”)
|canonical : 冰: Hán Việt readings: băng 冰: Nôm readings: băng • canonical : phăng • canonical : bâng • canonical : văng • canonical : bưng
|Hán-Nôm : khôi • Hán-Nôm : khổi • Hán-Nôm : ngội • Hán-Nôm : ổi
|chữ Hán form of băng (“ice”).
|冰
|-
|凌
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯŋ) : semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”) (provisionally reconstructed) (STEDT). \ :Insides Sinitic, 凌 (OC *p.rəŋ ~ [r]əŋ) is cognate with 冰 (OC *p.rəŋ), 雱 (OC *pʰˁaŋ) "heavy snowfall", 霙 (OC *qraŋ, “*ʔraŋ”) "snowflake, sleet", & possibly also 凝 (OC [ŋ](r)əŋ) "to congeal" (STEDT; Baxter and Sagart, 2014); \ :Outsides Sinitic, cognate with Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”), Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”), tɤjpɣom (“ice”) (STEDT; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019). \ Alternatively, 冰 (OC *prjəŋ ~ prəŋ?) and 凌 (OC *b-rjəŋ ~ rəŋ) may be related to Old Khmer ប្រិង៑ (“to harden; to solidify”) from រិង៑ (“to dry up”), although the meanings are difficult to reconcile (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯŋ) : semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”) (provisionally reconstructed) (STEDT). \ :Insides Sinitic, 凌 (OC *p.rəŋ ~ [r]əŋ) is cognate with 冰 (OC *p.rəŋ), 雱 (OC *pʰˁaŋ) "heavy snowfall", 霙 (OC *qraŋ, “*ʔraŋ”) "snowflake, sleet", & possibly also 凝 (OC [ŋ](r)əŋ) "to congeal" (STEDT; Baxter and Sagart, 2014); \ :Outsides Sinitic, cognate with Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”), Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”), tɤjpɣom (“ice”) (STEDT; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019). \ Alternatively, 冰 (OC *prjəŋ ~ prəŋ?) and 凌 (OC *b-rjəŋ ~ rəŋ) may be related to Old Khmer ប្រិង៑ (“to harden; to solidify”) from រិង៑ (“to dry up”), although the meanings are difficult to reconcile (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : ling ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˋ
|ice • to rise high; to go up; to climb over; to traverse • to place oneself above; to override; to transgress • to ride (wind, etc.) • to bully and humiliate; to insult; to encroach on; to invade • to risk; to brave • to approach; to draw near; to close in on • to tremble • disorderly; messy • a surname ‖ to freeze up; to form ice
|
|
|endure • keep (rain) out • stave off • tide over • defy • slight • surpass
|傀
|凌 (eumhun 업신여길 릉 (eopsinyeogil reung), word-initial (South Korea) 업신여길 능 (eopsinyeogil neung)) · 凌 (eumhun 능가할 릉 (neunggahal reung), word-initial (South Korea) 능가할 능 (neunggahal neung))
|hanja form of 릉 (“to place oneself above; to override”)
|Hán-Nôm : lăng • Hán-Nôm : lăn • Hán-Nôm : lâng • Hán-Nôm : lừng • Hán-Nôm : rưng • Hán-Nôm : dưng
|Surname
|凌
|-
|-
|几
|傖
|Pictogram (象形) – stool (viewed from the side). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *krəj (“foot, leg; stool”). Compare Tibetan ཁྲི (khri) and Burmese ခြေ (hkre).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kí • Middle-Chinese : kjijX
|stool; chair • long narrow table; bench • small table
|
|
|table, table enclosure • table or wind radical
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄔㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong¹ • Middle-Chinese : dzraeng
|几 (eumhun 안석 궤 (anseok gwe))
|vulgar person, country man
|back rest • desk
|Hán-Nôm : kỉ
|
|
|几
|vulgar person • country man
|-
|傖 • (chang) · 傖 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang)
|凰
|vulgar person • country man
|Originally 皇. A spurious 𠘨 was added by the assimilation with 鳳.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : hwang
|(Chinese mythology) female fenghuang (a mythological bird)
|
|
|a female phoenix
|凰 (eum 황 (hwang))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hoàng
|傖
|-
|傢
|
|
|凰
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa¹
|-
|stubborn, obstinate, intransigent
|凳
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tɯːŋs) : phonetic 登 (OC *tɯːŋ) + semantic 几 (“table; stool”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìng • Middle-Chinese : tongH
|bench, stool • (dialectal) chair (Classifier: 張／张 c)
|
|
|
|
|凳 (eum 등 (deung))
|傢 (eum 가 (ga))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đắng • Hán-Nôm : đẵng • Hán-Nôm : đặng
|Hán-Nôm : gia
|
|
|凳
|傢
|-
|-
|函
|傭
|Originally 圅, a pictogram (象形) – an upside-down arrow stored inside a box with one or two handles.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâm • Middle-Chinese : hom • Middle-Chinese : heam
|^† to include • ^† box • (formal) letter (Classifier: 個／个 m)
| ‖  
| ‖  
|a box-shaped receptacle, e.g. a coin bank or letter box (e.g. 銭函, 投函する) • to insert [into a container] (cf. 入れる, 容れる) • a suit of armor (more commonly 鎧) ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong • Middle-Chinese : yowng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung¹ • Middle-Chinese : trhjowng
|函 (eumhun 함 함 (ham ham))
|servant; maid • to employ; to hire • salary; wages • Alternative form of 庸 (“ordinary; mediocre; a kind of tax during the Tang dynasty”) ‖ equal; even; fair; just
|hanja form of 함 (“box”) [noun]
| ‖ 傭(よう) • (yō)
|Hán-Nôm : hòm • Hán-Nôm : hàm
|employ, hire ‖ hire; employ
|傭 (eumhun 품팔이 용 (pumpari yong)) ‖ 傭 (eumhun 고를 총 (goreul chong))
|hanja form of 용 (“employ; hire”) ‖ (literary Chinese) hanja form of 총 (“even; fair”)
|
|
|
|函
|傭
|-
|-
|刁
|僑
|Variant of 刀 (dāo).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrew) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 喬 (OC *krew, *ɡrew).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : diu¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiau • Middle-Chinese : tew
|Cantonese · Jyutping : kiu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiâu • Middle-Chinese : gjew
|treacherous; crafty; deceitful • to tempt • unkind • stammering • picky about food • to wring • to inveigle • ear of grains • to make (time) • a surname
|to reside abroad; to sojourn; to lodge • people residing abroad • (historical) related to refugees who escaped Xianbei rule in the Sixteen Kingdoms period and resettled in areas still controlled by the Eastern Jin government • diaspora
| ‖ 刁(とら) • (Tora)
| ‖ (obsolete, used in 15-17 century) Alternative form of 寅 (the third of the twelve Earthly Branches)
|刁 (eum 조 (jo))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : điêu
|person residing abroad
|僑 • (gyo) · 僑 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo)
|
|
|刁
|canonical : 僑: Hán Việt readings: kiều 僑: Nôm readings: quều
|(literary) a person who takes up residence in a foreign country
|僑
|-
|-
|刈
|僖
|Originally written 乂. Now phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋads) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 乂 (OC *ŋads, “to mow”) + semantic 刂 (“knife”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ŋa-p (“to mow, cut, reap”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007). \ Cognate with Tibetan རྔ་བ (rnga ba), བརྔས (brngas), and colloquial Western Tibetan རྔབ་བ (rngab ba), which Coblin (1986) and STEDT treat as more conservative.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlɯ) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 喜 (OC *qʰlɯʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngāi • Middle-Chinese : ngjojH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Middle-Chinese : xi
|to mow; to cut; to weed • (obsolete) crops that have been cut • (literary) sickle • (literary) to kill; to chop; to lop • (literary) to eradicate; to eliminate • a surname
|joyful; happy; glad; delighted • a surname
|
|
|reap, cut (grass or other plants), prune
|刈 (eumhun 깍을 예 (kkageul ye))
|hanja form of 예 (“to mow”)
|Hán-Nôm : ngãi
|
|
|刈
|僖 • (hui) · 僖 • (hui) (hangeul 희)
|
|
|
|僖
|-
|-
|划
|僥
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːlʔ, *koːls, *ɡroːl) : phonetic 戈 (OC *koːl) + semantic 刀. ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kŋeːwʔ, *ŋeːw) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kŋeːwʔ, *ŋeːw) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kŋeːwʔ, *ŋeːw) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâ • Middle-Chinese : hwae ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kò
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiau ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ngew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ
|to row; to paddle • to calculate; to be profitable; to be a good deal ‖ to row; to paddle
|lucky • by chance; by luck ‖ Only used in 僬僥／僬侥. ‖ fake
|
|
|
|
|划 (eum 화 (hwa))
|僥 (eum 요 (yo))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hoa • Hán-Nôm : quả
|Hán-Nôm : nhau • Hán-Nôm : nghẹo
|
|
|划
|僥
|-
|-
|別
|僮
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 冎 (“bone”) + 刂 (“knife”) – to cut up bone and flesh. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brat (“cut apart, cut open”). Cognate to 八 (OC *preːd, “to divide; to differentiate”), 列 (OC *red), 裂 (OC *red). \ Mei (2008) proposes that the intransitive sense "to leave, to part" (with voiced initial *b- in Middle Chinese) is primary and that the transitive sense "to discriminate, to discriminate" (with voiceless initial *p-) is derived from the intransitive sense with the Old Chinese causative prefix *s-, resulting in a devoicing effect: *s-b- > *s-p- > *p-; compare 黑 (OC *s-mək, “black”) from 墨 (OC *mək, “ink”). On the other hand, Sagart and Baxter (2012) consider the intransitive sense to be derived from the transitive sense (*pret) by prefixation of *N-, resulting in a voicing effect: *N-p- > *N-b- > *b-; compare 敗 (OC *N-pˤrat-s, “to suffer defeat”) from 敗 (OC *pˤrat-s, “to defeat”). \ Sense "do not" is a contraction of 不要 (bùyào).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doːŋ) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 童 (OC *doːŋ) ‖ See 壯.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄝˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piat • Middle-Chinese : bjet • Middle-Chinese : pjet
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tung⁴ • Middle-Chinese : duwng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong³
|(literary) to divide; to separate • to distinguish; to differentiate; to discriminate • distinction; difference; contrast • group; class; kind • to leave; to part • (Wu, dialectal Mandarin) to turn; to change • to pin; to clip • to stick something in; to bolt • (Southern Min) to interpret (one's fortune); to predicate • another; other • special; unique; peculiar; particular • misspelled; erroneous • by oneself; on one's own; separately • had better not; do not; don't • particle used with 是 after it to express supposition, often an imagined unfavourable scenario • a surname
|boy • servant • (historical) page; boy servant • ignorant • Alternative form of 動／动 (dòng) • a surname ‖ (obsolete) (～族) Alternative name for 壯／壮 (zhuàng, “Zhuang (people)”).
| ‖ 別(べつ) • (betsu) -na (adnominal 別(べつ)な (betsu na), adverbial 別(べつ)に (betsu ni)) ‖ 別(べつ) • (betsu) ‖ 別(べつ) • (-betsu) ‖ 別(べち) • (bechi) ^†-nari ‖ 別(べち) • (bechi)
| ‖ different, separate, another ‖ difference • another • exception ‖ separated by ‖ different, separate, another ‖ difference
|別 (eumhun 다를 별 (dareul byeol))
|hanja form of 별 (“difference”)
|Hán-Nôm : biệt • Hán-Nôm : biết • Hán-Nôm : bét • Hán-Nôm : bết • Hán-Nôm : bệt • Hán-Nôm : bịt • Hán-Nôm : bẹt • Hán-Nôm : bít
|
|
|別
|child • fool, foolish • servant
|-
|僮 (eum 동 (dong))
|刨
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bruː) : phonetic 包 (OC *pruː) + semantic 刀 (“knife”). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâu
|to dig • (Mandarin, colloquial) to deduct; to take away; to exclude ‖ plane; planer; planing machine • to shave; to plane • (Cantonese, Shanghainese) grater • (Cantonese) to grate
|
|
|carpenter's plane • plane • level
|Hán-Nôm : đồng
|刨 (eum 포 (po))
|carpenter's plane • plane • level
|Hán-Nôm : bào
|
|
|刨
|僮
|-
|-
|刮
|僱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːd) : phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) + semantic 刀 (“knife”). ‖
|
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaat³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khue • Middle-Chinese : kwaet ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kòo
|to shave; to pare off; to scrape • Alternative form of 颳／刮 (guā, “to blow”) • to wipe; to sweep • to plunder; to extort • (colloquial) to reprimand; to scold • (Cantonese, slang) to find someone ‖ (Hakka) very
|to employ; to hire • to be employed; to be hired • to rent; to lease • a surname: Gu
|
|
|
|
|刮 (eumhun 깎을 괄 (kkakkeul gwal))
|hanja form of 괄 (“to cut; to shave; to peel”)
|canonical : 刮: Hán Việt readings: quát 刮: Nôm readings: quát
|chữ Hán form of quát (“to scrape off; to pare; to make thin”). • Nôm form of quát (“to shout; to storm; to yell”).
|刮
|-
|剃
|Possibly a post-Han variant of 剔 (OC *l̥ʰeːɡ) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : tai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thih • Middle-Chinese : thejH
|to shave (hair)
|
|
|to shave
|剃 • (che) · 剃 • (che) (hangeul 체)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|剃
|僱
|-
|-
|剔
|儂
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰeːɡ) : phonetic 易 (OC *leːɡs, *leɡ) + semantic 刀 (“knife”). ‖  ‖ Borrowed from English tick (Cheung, 2007, page 219). \ ; "to take (attendance)"
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nuːŋ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 農 (OC *nuːŋ). \ ; “Person; I; me > suffix for pronouns” in southeastern varieties \ Its senses of “person; human being” and “pronoun suffix” are well-attested in the classical literature, dating back to the Six Dynasties. At the present time, traces of this word are found in various Southern regions such as Fujian, Jiangxi and Zhejiang, in Wu, Min, Hui and Gan. \ ; “Person; human” \ ; “I” \ ; “Pronoun suffix” \ : \ : A similar chain of changes happened in the Wu varieties to arrive at the modern divergent dialectal forms for “you (singular)”. \ : \ : Some lects, such as Shanghainese, have merged the two syllables into one, leaving 儂／侬 to mean “you (singular)”. \ With regard to the etymology of this word, Huang (1980), Norman (1983) and Zhou (1986) hypothesised that this is the same as 農 (OC *nuːŋ, “farmer; peasant”). The use of this word as a pronoun may have originated as a form of personal deprecation and then come to be used as a full-fledged pronoun. Pan and Chen (1995) disagree, proposing that nong was originally a Baiyue substrate word possibly of Kra-Dai origin, and possibly an original clan name later developing to mean “person; I”. Compare Zhuang Nungz (“a surname”) and name of the 11ᵗʰ century Zhuang leader Nong Zhigao, as well as the name of the Nùng people in Vietnam. ‖ Probably a Kra-Dai substrate word. Compare Proto-Tai *nwoːŋꟲ (“younger sibling”) (whence Zhuang nuengx (“younger sibling”)), Southern Kam nongx (“younger sibling”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiak • Middle-Chinese : thek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : tik¹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Middle-Chinese : nowng ‖  
|to pick meat from bones • to pick (with a pointed instrument); to scrape • to pick out; to weed out • (dialectal) to pick; to choose ‖ Alternative form of 剃 (tì, “to shave”) ‖ tick; checkmark • to tick; to put a checkmark • to take (attendance)
|(coastal Min, dialectal Wu) person; human being (Classifier: 隻／只 md; 個／个 mn) • (coastal Min) a person associated with a particular identity or trait; -er • (coastal Min) physical, psychological or moral quality or condition • (coastal Min) others; other people • (Wu, coastal Min) I; me • (archaic or Wu) you (singular) • (dialectal Wu) he, him; she, her; it • (Min, Wu) Suffix for pronouns, functioning as a meaningless particle or a pluralising particle. • a surname. Nong ‖ (dialectal Cantonese) child • (dialectal Cantonese) son • (Leizhou Min) infant • (Hainanese, polite, humble) Used as a first-person singular pronoun, especially used by someone in the younger generation. • (Hainanese, endearing) A pronoun used by someone in the older generation to refer to someone in the younger generation.
| ‖ 剔(てき) • (teki)
| ‖ 儂(わし) • (washi)
| ‖ cutting
| ‖ (mainly Western Japan) I, me
|剔 (eum 척 (cheok))
|儂 (eum 농 (nong))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : dịch • Hán-Nôm : tích
|Hán-Nôm : nông • Hán-Nôm : nùng • Hán-Nôm : noọng
|
|
|剔
|儂
|-
|-
|剩
|儈
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦljɯŋs) : phonetic 乘 (OC *ɦljɯŋ, *ɦljɯŋs) + semantic 刀. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīng • Middle-Chinese : zyingH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshun
|to be left; to remain • (literary, or in compounds) extra; leftover • a surname: Sheng ‖ (Hakka, Hokkien) Alternative form of 伸 (“to be left; to remain”)
|
|
|leftover, remainder, residue
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kui² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Middle-Chinese : kwajH
|剩 • (ing) · 剩 • (ing) (hangeul 잉, revised ing, McCune–Reischauer ing)
|go-between, broker, proxy
|leftover • remainder • residue
|canonical : 剩: Hán Việt readings: thặng
|chữ Hán form of thặng (“surplus; remainder”).
|剩
|-
|剪
|Originally 𣦃 or 前, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔslenʔ) : phonetic 歬 (OC *zleːn) + semantic 刀 (“knife”). Since 前 has replaced 歬, an additional 刀 has been added.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zin² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsián • Middle-Chinese : tsjenX
|to cut (paper, etc.)
|
|
|
|
|剪 (eum 전 (jeon))
|儈 (eum 괴 (goe))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tiện • Hán-Nôm : tiễn
|Hán-Nôm : cúi
|
|
|剪
|儈
|-
|-
|剿
|儐
| ‖  
| ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ziu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caau¹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin • Middle-Chinese : pjinH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin • Middle-Chinese : pjin
|to destroy; to exterminate; to annihilate ‖ Alternative form of 抄 (chāo, “to plagiarize”)
|to entertain guests • someone who entertains guests • to display; to exhibit • Alternative form of 擯／摈 (bìn, “to reject; to abandon; to discard”) ‖ to respect • Alternative form of 顰／颦 (pín, “to frown; to knit one's brows”)
|
|
|
|
|剿 (eum 초 (cho))
|儐 • (bin) · 儐 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tiễu • Hán-Nôm : thẹo • Hán-Nôm : tĩu
|
|
|剿
|
|儐
|-
|-
|劃
|儔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷreːɡ, *ɡʷreːɡ) : phonetic 畫 (OC *ɡʷreːɡs, *ɡʷreːɡ) + semantic 刂 (“knife”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷreːɡ, *ɡʷreːɡ) : phonetic 畫 (OC *ɡʷreːɡs, *ɡʷreːɡ) + semantic 刂 (“knife”).
| ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ue̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ui̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huā • Middle-Chinese : hweak • Middle-Chinese : xweak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄏㄨㄞ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiû • Middle-Chinese : drjuw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠˋ • Middle-Chinese : dawH
|to delimit; to differentiate；to divide; to mark off • to transfer (money, accounts, etc.) • to assign (task, etc.) • to plan • to gesture as a signal • to scratch; to cut (the surface) • Alternative form of 畫／画 (“stroke of a Chinese character (line drawn with a writing implement)”) • (dialectal) Alternative form of 畫／画 (“horizontal stroke of a Chinese character”) • Used in 劃然／划然. • (South Korean idol fandom, humorous) NCT (group) ‖ Only used in 㓦劃／㓦划 (bāihuai).
|companion, mate, colleague • people of the same kind • to match; to be on par with • who ‖ ^‡ Alternative term for 華蓋／华盖 (huágài). • ^‡ hide; conceal
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|companion, mate, colleague
|儔 (eum 주 (ju))
|
|
|劃 (eumhun 그을 획 (geueul hoek))
|Hán-Nôm : trù
|hanja form of 획 (“to carve; to set in stone”) • hanja form of 획 (“to plan”) • hanja form of 획 (“to draw a line; to mark”)
|Hán-Nôm : vạch • Hán-Nôm : hoạch • Hán-Nôm : đạch • Hán-Nôm : gạch • Hán-Nôm : hoa
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|劃
|儔
|-
|-
|劈
|儘
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 盡 (OC *ʔslinʔ, *zlinʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsīn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǐn
|utmost; extreme; furthest • to do one's utmost; to do all one can; to do one's best • to give priority to
| ‖ 儘(まま) or 儘(まんま) • (mama or manma)
|as it is ‖ the same, unchanged state; state as it is • (mostly in the form 儘になる (mama ni naru)) the desired or ideal state; freedom • act of leaving things as it is • (writing and editing) ママ: sic, as it is
|儘 (eum 진 (jin))
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pek⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phik • Middle-Chinese : phek
|Hán-Nôm : tẫn
|to slit; to chop; to cleave • to crack; to split open • (dialectal, of voice) to become hoarse • to be right against (one's head, face, etc.) • (of lightning) to strike; to destroy • wedge • (fencing) to cut; to deliver an attack with a chopping motion, landing on the edge or tip of the weapon • (fencing) a cut • to divide; to split • to break off; to strip off • (Cantonese) to cut down prices sharply • (Cantonese) to drink large amount of alcohol • (Cantonese) to drive at high speed
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|
|
|儘
|劈 • (byeok) · 劈 • (byeok) (hangeul 벽, revised byeok, McCune–Reischauer pyŏk)
|
|canonical : 劈: Hán Việt readings: phách
|Chữ Hán form of phách (“to split; to chop (the wood)”).
|劈
|-
|-
|劍
|儡
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kams) : phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam) + semantic 刂. \ Schuessler (2007) proposes a possible native origin, from *k-nominalized adjective 剡 (OC *ɦljamʔ, *lamʔ), which is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rjam (“sharp”) and lost its *r- initial due to folk etymology; doublets 磏 (OC *r(i)am, “whetstone”) and 鐮 (OC *ɡ·rem, “sickle”) retain *r-. \ Alternatively, the double-edged sword seemingly originated from the southern state of Wu (吳); so a native Wu term, of unknown linguistic affiliation, might have yielded both Old Chinese 劍 (OC *kams) and Proto-Vietic *t-kɨəm ( > Vietnamese gươm).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːl, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 畾 (OC *ruːl)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiàm • Middle-Chinese : kjaemH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lér • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lé • Middle-Chinese : lwoj • Middle-Chinese : lwojX
|sword (bladed on both sides); sabre (Classifier: 口; 把) • Classifier for swings of a sword. • a surname
|Only used in 傀儡 (kuǐlěi).
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|Kyūjitai form of 剣: double-edged sword; swordsmanship
|puppet • defeat
|劍 (eumhun 칼 검 (kal geom))
|儡 (eumhun 꼭두각시 뢰 (kkokdugaksi roe), word-initial (South Korea) 꼭두각시 뇌 (kkokdugaksi noe))
|hanja form of 검 (“sword; knife”)
|hanja form of 뢰/뇌 (“puppet”)
|Hán-Nôm : kiếm • Hán-Nôm : ghém • Hán-Nôm : gươm • Hán-Nôm : kém • Hán-Nôm : chém • Hán-Nôm : sớm
|Hán-Nôm : lỗi
|sword
|劍
|-
|劫
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kab, *kab) : phonetic 去 (OC *kʰaʔ, *kʰas) + semantic 力 (“power, force”) \ ; “(Buddhism) disaster”
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gip³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiap • Middle-Chinese : kjaep
|to coerce; to compel; to threaten • to rob; to plunder; to take by force • (Buddhism) Short for 劫波 (jiébō, “kalpa”). · (hyperbolic) extremely long time • (Buddhism) Short for 劫波 (jiébō, “kalpa”). · (figurative, by extension) disaster; calamity; catastrophe
| ‖ 劫(こう) • (kō) ^(←こふ (kofu)?) ‖ 劫(こう) • (kō) ^(←こふ (kofu)?) ‖ 劫(ごう) • (gō) ^(←ごふ (gofu)?)
|intimidate • aeon, eon ‖ (Buddhism) kalpa: a unit of time in Buddhist cosmology ‖ (go) a position in which two alternating stones can be captured and recaptured indefinitely ‖ (Buddhism) kalpa: a unit of time in Buddhist cosmology
|劫 (eumhun 위협할 겁 (wihyeophal geop))
|hanja form of 겁 (“coerce; threaten”) [affix] • hanja form of 겁 (“kalpa”) [noun]
|Hán-Nôm : kiếp
|
|
|劫
|儡
|-
|-
|劾
|儲
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯːɡs, *kʰrɯːɡs, *ɡɯːɡ) : phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ) + semantic 力 (“power”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *da) : semantic 人 + phonetic 諸 (OC *tjaː, *tja).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat⁶ • Middle-Chinese : kheajH • Middle-Chinese : hojH • Middle-Chinese : hok
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cou⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thû • Middle-Chinese : drjo
|to expose one's crimes • (literary) to try; to convict
|to store; to reserve; to save money • stockpiled materials • to wait; to await • heir to the throne • Used in 儲與／储与. • a surname
|
|censure
|劾 (eumhun 꾸짖을 핵 (kkujijeul haek))
|hanja form of 핵 (“scold; inquire”)
|Hán-Nôm : hặc
|
|
|劾
|profit
|-
|儲 (eum 저 (jeo))
|勒
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯːɡ) : semantic 革 + phonetic 力 (OC *rɯɡ). ‖ From 在 (MC dzojX) (Dai, 2004). Compare 哉 > 了. Cognate with 垃 (lā). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : leh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : le̍h • Middle-Chinese : lok ‖  ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄌㄟ
|(literary) bridle (headgear for a horse) • to rein in; to restrain • to compel; to force; to coerce • to halter; to headstall • (literary) to command; to lead; to lay out (forces) • (colloquial) to strap tightly; to bind tight; to strangle; to tighten • to restrict; to limit • (literary) to cut; to carve; to engrave • to compile; to bind (to make a book) • to write; to draw; to depict • to extort; to blackmail • to tantalise; to provoke • Short for 勒克斯 (lèkèsī, “lux”). • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to roll up one's sleeves or trousers • (Xiamen Hokkien) to use one's hand to straighten up something • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to make a pleat • a surname: Le ‖ to be at; to be in • at; in • the process of; currently (used to indicate the continuous aspect) • -ed; used to indicate the perfective aspect ‖ Alternative form of 嘞 (“modal particle”)
| ‖ 勒(ろく) • (roku)
|halter and bit ‖ bit (metal in horse's mouth) • headstall • the second of the Eight Principles of Yong
|勒 (eumhun 굴레 륵 (gulle reuk), word-initial (South Korea) 굴레 늑 (gulle neuk))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : lặc • Hán-Nôm : lắc • Hán-Nôm : lấc • Hán-Nôm : lật • Hán-Nôm : lất
|Hán-Nôm : trữ • Hán-Nôm : trừ
|
|
|勒
|儲
|-
|-
|勞
|儷
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated 熒 + 力. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated 熒 + 力. ‖ From English Rolex. Orthography from 勞力士／劳力士.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːls) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 麗 (OC *reːls, *rel). ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Middle-Chinese : law ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : lawH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lou¹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Middle-Chinese : lejH ‖  
|to toil; to do manual labour • (polite) to trouble; to disturb • fatigued; tired • labour; toil; work • meritorious deed • labourer; worker • a surname ‖ to encourage; to console ‖ (Hong Kong Cantonese) Rolex watch (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
|married couple • (poetry) of a couplet ‖ (Eastern Min) only
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|
|companion
|儷 (eum 려 (ryeo))
|
|
|勞 (eumhun 일할 로 (ilhal ro), word-initial (South Korea) 일할 노 (ilhal no))
|Hán-Nôm : lệ
|hanja form of 로/노 (“work”)
|Hán-Nôm : lao • Hán-Nôm : lau • Hán-Nôm : lạo • Hán-Nôm : rạo
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|
|勞
|儷
|-
|-
|勵
|儼
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·rads) : phonetic 厲 (OC *m·rads) + semantic 力.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Middle-Chinese : ljejH
|to encourage • (literary) to strive • a surname
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giám • Middle-Chinese : ngjaemX
|(literary) grave, respectful, majestic • (literary) as if, seemingly, like • to raise one's head • neatly arranged
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|
|勵 (eumhun 힘쓸 려 (himsseul ryeo), word-initial (South Korea) 힘쓸 여 (himsseul yeo))
|hanja form of 려/여 (“strive”) • hanja form of 려/여 (“encourage”)
|Hán-Nôm : lệ • Hán-Nôm : lẹ
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|
|勵
|儼 (eum 엄 (eom))
|-
|勸
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰons) : phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns) + semantic 力 (“strength”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hyun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuìnn • Middle-Chinese : khjwonH
|to encourage; to recommend • to advise; to urge; to exhort • to appeal • a surname: Quan
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nghiễm
|
|
|勸 (eumhun 권할 권 (gwonhal gwon))
|儼
|hanja form of 권 (“recommend, advise, urge”)
|Hán-Nôm : khuyến • Hán-Nôm : khuyên
|
|勸
|-
|-
|匆
|兀
|; “to cut off the feet” ‖  ‖ Borrowed from Turkic, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *ol (Zhang and Zhang, 2007). Compare Old Turkic 𐰆𐰞 (ul¹), Turkish o (“he, she, it; that”), Uyghur ئۇ (u, “he, she, it; that”), Chuvash вӑл (văl, “he, she, it”) and Karakhanid اُلْ (ol, “he, she, it; that”). First recorded in the Song Dynasty: \ : \ 前世謂「阿睹」，猶今諺云「兀底」；「寧馨」，猶「恁地」也；皆不指一物一事之詞。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]前世谓「阿睹」，犹今谚云「兀底」；「宁馨」，犹「恁地」也；皆不指一物一事之词。 [Classical Chinese, simp.] \ From: Song Dynasty, 莊綽, 《雞肋編》 \ Qiánshì wèi “ādǔ”, yóu jīn yàn yún “wùde”; “níngxīn”, yóu “nèndì” yě; jiē bù zhǐ yī wù yī shì zhī cí. [Pinyin] \ (please add an English translation of this usage example) ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gu̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gut • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gert • Middle-Chinese : ngwot ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngat⁶ ‖  ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngat⁶
|towering • bald • to cut off the feet • unpeaceful • a surname ‖ Only used in 兀禿／兀秃. ‖ (dialectal Mandarin, Jin) that • (archaic) Used before pronouns to form bisyllabic pronouns. ‖ (Northern Min) that ‖ still; yet
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshang
|towering; high • bald
|hasty; hurried
|兀 (eum 올 (ol))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : ngột • Hán-Nôm : ngát • Hán-Nôm : ngút
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|
|匆 (eum 총 (chong))
|兀
|-
|兇
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thông
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiong • Middle-Chinese : xjowng • Middle-Chinese : xjowngX
|terrible; fearful • fierce; ferocious • ruffian; evildoer; criminal • act of violence; murder; evil • (Quanzhou, Jinjiang and Philippine Hokkien) ugly • (Cantonese) to intimidate
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|
|匆
|ill luck
|-
|兇 (eumhun 흉악할 흉 (hyung'akhal hyung))
|匈
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiong • Middle-Chinese : xjowng
|Hun, Hunnic • Short for 匈牙利 (Xiōngyálì, “Hungary, Hungarian”). • Used in 匈匈. • Alternative form of 凶 (xiōng, “famine”) • Alternative form of 兇／凶 (xiōng, “fearful; fierce; ferocious”)
| ‖ 匈(きょう) • (kyō)
| ‖ Abbreviation of 匈牙利. Hungary
|匈 (eumhun 오랑캐 흉 (orangkae hyung))
|barbarian • savage • foreigner
|Hán-Nôm : hung
|Hán-Nôm : hung
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|
|匈
|兇
|-
|匕
|Pictogram (象形) – a spoon.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Middle-Chinese : pjijX
|(historical) a kind of spoon in ancient China • (literary) dagger • arrow • people • ^‡ Original form of 妣 (bǐ, “deceased mother”). • Occasionally used as an iteration marker.
| ‖
| ‖
|匕 (eumhun 비수 비 (bisu bi))
|spoon • dagger
|Hán-Nôm : chủy • Hán-Nôm : chuỷ
|In Vietnamese Hán Nôm texts, 匕 is used as an iteration marker.
|匕
|-
|-
|匙
|兑
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dje) : phonetic 是 (OC *djeʔ) + semantic 匕 (“spoon”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dje) : phonetic 是 (OC *djeʔ) + semantic 匕 (“spoon”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sî • Middle-Chinese : dzye ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄕ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sî • Middle-Chinese : dzye
|spoon ‖ key (Classifier: 條／条 c)
| ‖ 匙(じ) • (-ji) ‖ 匙(し) • (-shi) ‖ 匙(ひ) • (hi) ‖ 匙(かい) • (kai) ^(←かひ (kafi)?) ‖ 匙(さじ) • (saji) ‖ 匙(しゃじ) • (shaji) ‖ 匙(すくい) • (sukui) ^(←すくひ (sukufi)?)
|spoon ‖ spoon, scoop ‖ spoon, scoop ‖ spoon, scoop ‖ (obsolete) a scoop for food • (archaic, rare) a wooden sword for training ‖ spoon, scoop used for food • more specifically, a spoon or scoop used for compounding medicine • by extension, medicine • by further extension, a doctor ‖ spoon ‖ (rare) a scoop
|匙 (eum 시 (si))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thi • Hán-Nôm : thìa • Hán-Nôm : thì • Hán-Nôm : chủy • Hán-Nôm : chuỷ
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|匙
|-
|匣
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːb) : semantic 匚 + phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb). ‖ Checked-tone variant of 也.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : haap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha̍p • Middle-Chinese : haep ‖
|small box, case ‖ (Suzhounese) also; even
|
|
|box
|匣 (eum 갑 (gap))
|small box, case • coffer
|Hán-Nôm : hạp • Hán-Nôm : hộp • Hán-Nôm : háp • Hán-Nôm : tráp
|
|
|匣
|exchange • convert • dui (one of the trigrams of the I Ching: swamp, west)
|-
|兑 • (tae, ye) · 兑 • (tae, ye) (hangeul 태, 예, revised tae, ye, McCune–Reischauer t'ae, ye)
|匪
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pɯlʔ) : semantic 匚 (“box”) + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pɯlʔ) : semantic 匚 (“box”) + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pɯlʔ) : semantic 匚 (“box”) + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huí • Middle-Chinese : pj+jX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣ
|robber; bandit; gangster • (Taiwan, officialese, historical, derogatory) of or relating to the "Communist bandits" (共匪 (gòngfěi)) • (literary) not • Original form of 篚 (fěi, “bamboo basket”). • dishonorable; improper (behavior) • that; those • Alternative form of 斐 ‖ Only used in 匪匪. ‖ Alternative form of 分
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|bandit, gangster, rogue
|匪 • (bi, bun) · 匪 • (bi, bun) (hangeul 비, 분, revised bi, bun, McCune–Reischauer pi, pun)
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|Hán-Nôm : phỉ
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|匪
|兑
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|匾
|兕
|From 扁 (OC *peːnʔ, “flat”).
|Pictogram (象形) .
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bin² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pín • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pián • Middle-Chinese : penX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Middle-Chinese : zijX
|flat • horizontal inscribed board; plaque; silk banner embroidered with eulogy • a kind of round shallow basket
|a kind of bovine-like animal; traditionally often thought of as a female rhinoceros (Bencao Gangmu), modern research suggests it probably originally referred to wild water buffalo (Schuessler 2007).
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|匾 (eum 편 (pyeon))
|兕 (eum 시 (si))
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|Hán-Nôm : biển
|Hán-Nôm : tỉ
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|匾
|兕
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|區
|兗
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 匸 + 品 – Many people (品) are inside 匸. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khi • Middle-Chinese : khju ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : au¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io • Hokkien · Tai-lo : au • Middle-Chinese : 'uw
|area; district; region; ward • administrative division • to distinguish; to differentiate • residence; dwelling • small house • world; the human world • small; tiny • mediocre; ordinary ‖ (historical) an ancient measuring vessel • (historical) Classifier for the amount measured by one ou. • a surname
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|ward • district
|區 (eumhun 구역 구 (guyeok gu))
|hanja form of 구 (“area; district; region; ward”)
|Hán-Nôm : khu • Hán-Nôm : khù • Hán-Nôm : au • Hán-Nôm : âu
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|區
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin²
|-
|Only used in 兗州／兖州 (Yǎnzhōu).
|卉
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huī • Middle-Chinese : xjw+jX • Middle-Chinese : xjw+jH
|plants • flowers • a surname
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|兗 • (yeon) · 兗 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn)
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|卉 (eum 훼 (hwe))
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|Hán-Nôm : tạp • Hán-Nôm : hủy • Hán-Nôm : huỷ
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|卉
|兗
|-
|-
|卡
|党
|This character is a vertical stacking of 上 (“up”) and 下 (“down”) with fusion of the horizontal lines, thus representing being squeezed between above and below. \ Maybe cognate with 夾 (OC *kreːb, “to clip”). ‖ From English card. ‖ From French calorie. ‖ From English car. ‖ From French cassette. ‖ From English carat. ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄚˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kha̍h ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khah ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khah ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khá ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kha̍h
|to wedge; to get stuck; to be jammed; to become tightly wedged • to clip; to fasten • to scrag; to choke • (computing) to freeze up; to buffer; to stop loading; to lag • (computing) laggy; slow; not responding • pin; fastener • checkpoint; checkpost • (Gan) fishbone • a surname: Qia ‖ card (Classifier: 張／张) ‖ Short for 卡路里 (kǎlùlǐ). ‖ truck; lorry • railcar ‖ Short for 卡式 (kǎshì, “cassette”). ‖ (Hong Kong) carat (unit of weight equivalent to 200 milligrams) ‖ Used in transcription.
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|card
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóng
|卡 (eum 잡 (jap))
|a surname • Used in 党項 (Dǎngxiàng).
| ‖  ‖ 党(とう) • (tō) ‖ 党(とう) • (-tō) ‖ 党(たむら) • (tamura)
|Mostly used in 党(タン)項(グート) (tangūto, “Tangut”) ‖ political party ‖ political party ‖ political party ‖ Alternative form of 屯
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|Hán-Nôm : tạp • Hán-Nôm : ca
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|卡
|-
|卦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷreːs) : phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː) + semantic 卜.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuà • Middle-Chinese : kweaH
|divinatory trigram or hexagram of the I Ching • to divine • to change • Alternative form of 掛／挂 (guà)
| ‖ 卦(け) • (ke)
| ‖ divination symbol or sign
|卦 (eum 괘 (gwae))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : quái
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|
|卦
|党
|-
|卯
|This character was found in oracle bone scripts depicting a sacrifice (a human or animal body) that is cut in half. This kind of practice mainly happened in Shang dynasty and was gradually eliminated after Zhou's conquest of Shang, leading to obscurity of the character's original meaning. An old variant is 戼. According to Shuowen Jiezi, it is an open door, like 門／𨳇 (mén) but reversed. \ Derived from root 流 (OC *r(j)u) with volitional or agentive OC prefix *m- (see Sagart, 1999); so *m-ruu means "(cause to flow >) pour out, empty" > *m-ruuʔ 卯 "pouring or emptying stage" i.e. "waning moon", "with the word in its sacrificial applications meaning 'to blood-let'" (Smith, 2011). \ Association with the rabbit was probably arbitrary, just as how 辰 was arbitrarily associated with the dragon (see Ferlus, 2013).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maau⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : báu • Middle-Chinese : maewX
|fourth of twelve earthly branches (十二支) • rabbit (兔) of Chinese zodiac • period from 5-7 a.m. • early morning • mortise
| ‖ 卯(う) • (U) ‖ 卯(ぼう) • (Bō) ^(←ばう (bau)?)
| ‖ the Rabbit, the fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches ‖ the Rabbit, the fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches
|卯 (eumhun 토끼 묘 (tokki myo)) · 卯 (eumhun 넷째 지지 묘 (netjjae jiji myo))
|hanja form of 묘 (“rabbit”) • hanja form of 묘 (“fourth Earthly Branch”)
|Hán-Nôm : mão • Hán-Nôm : mẫu • Hán-Nôm : méo • Hán-Nôm : Mẹo • Hán-Nôm : mẻo
|chữ Hán form of Mão (“fourth of the twelve earthly branches”).
|卯
|-
|-
|却
|内
|Variant of 卻. The modern mainland China usage is of reform nature.
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| ‖ 却(きゃく) • (kyaku)
|instead; on the contrary ‖ thoroughly • thoroughly until it is gone
|却 (eum 각 (gak))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : khước
| ‖ 内(うち) • (uchi) ‖ 内(うち) • (uchi) ‖ 内(ない) • (nai) ‖ 内(ない) • (nai) ‖ 内(だい) • (dai)
| ‖ the inside, within (a physical location) • something between, among • something while, during, inside or within a span of time • (when used possessively) one’s own, my, our ‖ (informal, women's speech) I, me ‖ the inside or middle (of something) • (Buddhism) Buddhist teachings on the inner self or ego, as opposed to non-Buddhist ones ‖ inside • mainland ‖ inside, interior, inner • imperial court
|内 (eumhun 안 내 (an nae)) ‖ 内 (eumhun 들일 납 (deuril nap))
| ‖
|Hán-Nôm : nội • Hán-Nôm : nói • Hán-Nôm : nỗi • Hán-Nôm : nòi • Hán-Nôm : nụi • Hán-Nôm : nồi
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|却
|内
|-
|-
|厥
|冑
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kod, *kud) : semantic 厂 + phonetic 欮 (OC *kod). ‖ Bodman (1980) relates it to Tibetan ཁྱོད (khyod, “you”). ‖  ‖ Contraction of 佢阿 (kì â).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯwɢs) : semantic 冃 + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Middle-Chinese : kjwot ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Middle-Chinese : kjwot ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Middle-Chinese : kjut ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiū • Middle-Chinese : drjuwH
|to faint; to lose consciousness • a surname ‖ his; her; its; their ‖ Only used in 突厥 (Tūjué). ‖ (Hakka) his; her
|(historical) helmet worn by warriors in ancient times
| ‖ 冑(かぶと) • (kabuto)
|helmet ‖ Alternative form of 兜
|冑 • (ju) · 冑 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu)
|(투구 주, tugu-): helmet (especially, made of iron)
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|
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|
|厥 (eumhun 그 궐 (geu gwol)) · 厥 (eumhun 나라이름 굴 (naraireum gul))
|冑
|hanja form of 궐 (“he, she, it, they”) • barbarian tribe or country, eg., 突厥 (돌궐, originally, 돌굴), compare 蕃國 (번국), 藩國 (번국) • hanja form of 굴 (“used in place names”)
|Hán-Nôm : cột • Hán-Nôm : quyết
|
|厥
|-
|-
|參
|冕
|Simplified from 曑 (晶 → 厽). \ The bronze script form is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 晶 (“stars”) + 光 (“light; brightness”) + 彡 (“light rays”) – Three Stars mansion. 彡 (OC *sroːm, *slom) also acts as a phonetic component. Ignoring the lines connecting the three stars, 光 may be interpreted as 卩 (“kneeling person”), representing someone looking at the shining stars above him. \ Alternatively, it may be the original character of 簪 (OC *ʔsɯːm, *ʔsrɯm, “hairpin”), since the bronze script forms resemble a person wearing a hat with three stars. \ Based on the seal script form, Shuowen interprets the character as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰluːm, *sʰluːms, *sloːm, *sʰrum, *srum) : semantic 晶 (“stars”) + phonetic 㐱 (). \ table \ From 三 (OC *suːm, *suːms, “three”) + other element (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ table \ Related to Japhug tɤzrɤm (“root”), Yakkha साम (“root”) (Jacques, 2015b). ‖ table ‖ table ‖ table \ Related to 巉 (OC *zraːm, *zraːmʔ, “craggy”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ table ‖ tabletable \ From English ransom (Cheung, 2007, page 219).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sim • Hokkien · Tai-lo : serm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sam • Middle-Chinese : srim ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sim • Hokkien · Tai-lo : serm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : song • Hokkien · Tai-lo : som • Middle-Chinese : srim ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsham • Middle-Chinese : tshom ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saam¹ • Middle-Chinese : sam ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshim • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsham • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsherm • Middle-Chinese : tsrhim ‖  ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : sam¹
|(～宿) (Chinese astronomy) Three Stars mansion (one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions) • a surname ‖ ginseng or any other similar plant • Short for 海參／海参 (hǎishēn, “sea cucumber”). ‖ to join; to take part • to consult • (literary) to examine; to inspect • (literary) to investigate and understand • to pay visit to a superior • (historical) to impeach an official before the emperor • (literary) to form a trio with two other things ‖ (obsolete or financial) Alternative form of 三 (“three”) ‖ Only used in 參差／参差 (cēncī) and 參錯／参错 (cēncuò). ‖ (Siyi Yue) clever; capable; competent; powerful ‖ (Cantonese) hostage (Classifier: 條／条 c)
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|three
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : min⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bián • Middle-Chinese : mjenX
|參 (eumhun 참여할 참 (chamyeohal cham)) ‖ 參 (eumhun 들쭉날쭉할 참 (deuljjungnaljjukhal cham)) ‖ 參 (eumhun 별 이름 삼 (byeol ireum sam)) ‖ 參 (eumhun 석 삼 (seok sam))
|ceremonial cap; crown • (by extension) things similar to a crown
|hanja form of 참 (“to join; to participate”) [affix] ‖ (literary) hanja form of 참 (“jagged; uneven”) ‖ hanja form of 삼 (“(Chinese astronomy) Three Stars mansion (one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions)”) ‖ (financial) Alternative form of 三 (“hanja form of 삼 (“three”)”)
| ‖ 冕(べん) • (ben)
|Hán-Nôm : tham
| ‖ crown
|冕 (eumhun 면류관 면 (myeollyugwan myeon))
|crown
|Hán-Nôm : miện • Hán-Nôm : mịn
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|
|參
|冕
|-
|-
|叉
|写
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 又 + 丶. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 又 + 丶. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 又 + 丶. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 又 + 丶. ‖ table \ From English charge. Doublet of 叉廚／叉厨 (caa¹ cyu⁴, “to charge (to accuse of a crime); charge (legal accusation)”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : caa¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshee • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsha • Middle-Chinese : tsrhea • Middle-Chinese : tsrhae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˋㄦ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : caa¹
|fork (pronged tool, including the eating utensil) • to use a fork; to pick up with a fork • (Wu) to pick up food with chopsticks • to cross; to intersect; to interlace • cross; X • Phonetic reading of × when used to replace offensive characters. • (chiefly Cantonese, euphemistic) A generic intensifier which can be substituted for any profane intensifier. • (Cantonese) Short for 叉燒／叉烧 (“char siu”). • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to pinch • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to speak rudely • (Wu) to play (mahjong) • (Xiang, of ducks and geese) to eat ‖ (Northeastern Mandarin) to block up; to jam ‖ to spread; to open; to fork; to separate • (Wu) to push something away; to move something away ‖ Alternative form of 杈 (chà, “fork of a branch”) • Alternative form of 岔 (chà, “diverge, branch off; fork in the road”) ‖ (Cantonese) to charge; to recharge
| ‖
|fork (また) • to stick, to insert, to stab (as with a fork) (さす) • to fold (one's arms) (こまねく, こまぬく) ‖
|叉 (eumhun 갈래 차 (gallae cha))
|hanja form of 차 (“to cross; to intersect”)
|Hán-Nôm : xoa
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|
|叉
|-
|另
|In 玉篇校釋 (胡吉宣, 1989), it is considered a simplified form of 別／别 (bié), used to refer a synonym word with different pronunciation.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līng
|another; separate; other • in addition; besides • Used to add a postscript to a letter like the English abbreviation "P.S."
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|另 (eum 령 (ryeong))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : lánh • Hán-Nôm : lính • Hán-Nôm : liếng • Hán-Nôm : tránh
|photograph, copy, replicate, reproduce, transcribe • be photographed • describe
|
|另
|-
|叨
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːw, *l̥ʰaːw) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 刀 (OC *taːw). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːw, *l̥ʰaːw) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 刀 (OC *taːw).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to • Hokkien · Tai-lo : too • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thoo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thoo • Middle-Chinese : thaw
|to talk on; to chatter; to be excessively talkative • (ideophonic, of a person near death) gasping for breath; breathing heavily ‖ Alternative form of 饕 (tāo, “to be greedy for”) • (humble, used when receiving favour from others) to get the benefit of
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|
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|叨 (eum 도 (do))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : thao • Hán-Nôm : đâu • Hán-Nôm : đau • Hán-Nôm : đao
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|叨
|写
|-
|-
|叩
|冢
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toŋʔ) : semantic 勹 (“wrap”) + phonetic 豖 (OC *tʰoɡ) – wrapped in a burial shroud. Top component now simplified to 冖. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/r-duŋ (“mountain; hillock”) (STEDT). Cognate with Burmese တောင် (taung, “mountain”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thióng • Middle-Chinese : trjowngX
|Original form of 塚／冢 (zhǒng, “mausoleum; tomb; burial mound”). • mountain summit • (prefix) eldest, senior in rank
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiò • Middle-Chinese : khuwX
|to knock; to strike • to kowtow; to bow • (literary) to enquire; to ask • Alternative form of 扣 (kòu, “to hold; to restrain”) • a surname
|
|
|to knock; to strike
|冢 • (chong) · 冢 • (chong) (hangeul 총, revised chong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong)
|叩 • (go) · 叩 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : khấu
|canonical : 冢: Hán Việt readings: trủng 冢: Nôm readings: trũng • canonical : trổng
|
|chữ Hán form of trủng (“a grand grave or burial mound”). • Nôm form of trũng (“a deep hole in the ground”). • Nôm form of trổng (“vague, indiscriminate”).
|叩
|冢
|-
|-
|叭
|冽
| ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *red) : semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 列 (OC *red).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lit⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍t • Middle-Chinese : ljet
|Only used in 喇叭 (lǎba). • (onomatopoeia) Sound of a gunshot or crack. ‖ An onomatopoeia. • ^‡ mouth opening
|cold; frigid; freezing • Alternative form of 洌 (liè, “pure; clear”)
| ‖ 冽(ただし) or 冽(たゞし) • (Tadashi)
| ‖ a male given name
|冽 (eum 렬 (ryeol))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : liệt
|
|
|叭 (eum 팔 (pal))
|冽
|-
|凄
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bá • Hán-Nôm : bớt • Hán-Nôm : bát • Hán-Nôm : bợt • Hán-Nôm : bớ • Hán-Nôm : váp • Hán-Nôm : vát
|
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|叭
|-
|叮
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːŋ) : phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ) + semantic 口. \ ; “to microwave” \ ; “to disqualify”
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ting • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tin • Middle-Chinese : teng
|(of insects) to sting; to bite • to advise; to urge; to repeat what one says to make sure • to question closely • (informal) to microwave (heat in a microwave oven) • (Cantonese, informal) to disqualify; to eliminate • (Cantonese) unaccented beats (in Cantonese opera) • Used in onomatopoeia.
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|叮 (eum 정 (jeong))
|uncanny • awful, whacking, enormous, bloody, terrible
|凄 (eum 처 (cheo))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : đinh
|Hán-Nôm : thê
|Đinh ninh 叮嚀 exhort or enjoin repeatedly
|叮
|-
|叱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰjid) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 七 (OC *sn̥ʰid).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cik¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsyhit
|to scold; to shout at; to bawl out
| ‖  ‖ 叱(しっ) • (shi')
|to open the mouth ‖ scold • shout • reprove ‖ shh • shoo
|叱 (eumhun 꾸짖을 질 (kkujijeul jil))
|hanja form of 질 (“scold”)
|Hán-Nôm : sất • Hán-Nôm : sứt • Hán-Nôm : sớt
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|
|叱
|凄
|-
|-
|叼
|凋
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : diu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : toh
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : diu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiau • Middle-Chinese : tew
|to hold in the mouth
|to wither; to fall • to exhaust; to fade • (of life and business) depressed; in decline
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|
|wither, wilt, fade
|凋 (eum 조 (jo))
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|Hán-Nôm : điêu
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|凋
|-
|凜
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lam⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lím • Middle-Chinese : gim • Middle-Chinese : limX
|freezing cold • solemn • (literary) fearful
| ‖ 凜(りん) • (Rin)
| ‖ a female given name
|凜 (eum 름 (reum))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lẫm
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|叼
|凜
|-
|-
|吁
|凱
|Characters in the same phonetic series (于) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷa, *ɢʷas) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 于 (OC *ɢʷa). ‖
|Two possibilities: \ * Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ) : semantic 豈 (“drum”) + phonetic 几 (OC *krilʔ), in which case 豈 may have been the initial form of this character. \ * Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ) : phonetic 豈 (OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ) + semantic 几. \ Originally used to mean “music of triumph; victory music”.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi¹ • Middle-Chinese : xju • Middle-Chinese : hjuH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngoi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khái • Middle-Chinese : khojX
|to sigh • huh! (used to express surprise or doubt) • worried • a surname • Alternative form of 噓／嘘 ‖ (Mainland China) (used to stop animals from advancing) whoa!
|music of triumph; paean • triumph; victory • triumphant; victorious • Alternative form of 愷／恺 (kǎi, “peaceful; harmonious”) • (Taiwan, colloquial) generous with money • a surname
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|triumph, victory
|凱 (eum 개 (gae))
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|吁 • (yu) · 吁 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu)
|Hán-Nôm : khải • Hán-Nôm : ngai
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|
|canonical : 吁: Hán Việt readings: hu • canonical : hù • canonical : u 吁: Nôm readings: hu • canonical : hủ • canonical : vo • canonical : vu • canonical : xu
|凱
|chữ Hán form of hù (“to scare someone with a surprise”). • chữ Hán form of vù (“sound of the blowing wind”).
|吁
|-
|-
|吃
|刎
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声 (xíngshēng)): semantic 口 (kǒu) + phonetic 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd). ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gut • Middle-Chinese : kj+t ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khit ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsia̍h
|to eat; to consume • to live on • to suffer; to endure; to bear • to exhaust; to be a strain • to drink • (board games) to capture • (mahjong) to chow • to accept ‖ to stammer; to stutter; to falter ‖ Only used in 吃吃 (qīqī). ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 食
| ‖ 吃(きつ) • (kitsu) ‖ 吃(チー) • (chī) ‖ 吃(ままなき) • (mamanaki)
| ‖ stammering, stuttering • accepting, complying ‖ (mahjong) a call for an open 順子 (shuntsu, “sequence of three suited tiles”), compare English chow ‖ stammering, stuttering • a stutterer
|吃 (eum 흘 (heul))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : khật • Hán-Nôm : hấc • Hán-Nôm : hất • Hán-Nôm : hớt • Hán-Nôm : ngát • Hán-Nôm : ngặt • Hán-Nôm : ngật • Hán-Nôm : ực • Hán-Nôm : cật
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁵ • Middle-Chinese : mjunX
|to cut one's throat (especially in suicide) • to cut off; to sever
|
|
|吃
|decapitate
|-
|刎 (eum 문 (mun))
|吆
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io
|Hán-Nôm : vẫn
|to yell
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|
|刎
|-
|刪
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sraːn) : phonetic 冊 (OC *sʰreːɡ) + semantic 刀 (“knife”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : san • Middle-Chinese : sraen
|to delete • (～日) (telegraphy) the fifteenth day of a month
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|吆 (eum 요 (yo))
|cut down
|刪 (eum 산 (san))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : yêu
|Hán-Nôm : san
|
|
|吆
|刪
|-
|-
|吝
|别
|Compare Tibetan སྲི (sri, “to be thrifty”), Proto-Central-Chin *ren (“to economize; frugal”) (whence Mizo ren) (Geilich, 1994).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liām • Middle-Chinese : linH
|stingy; miserly; parsimonious; niggardly • (literary) to regret; to resent • a surname
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|
|miserly • stingy • sparing
|吝 (eum 린 (rin))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lận
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|
|吝
|-
|吞
|Attested somewhat late (in Warring States period's texts). \ Starostin reconstructs 吞 (OC *tʰən) derives it from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dʱɨ̄n/ŋ (“to swallow, to drink”), whence also Tibetan འཐུང ('thung, “to drink”) & Lepcha ᰋᰩᰵ (thóng, “to drink”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-tuŋ (“to drink, to suckle”); however, STEDT does not derive 吞 from or compare it to *m/s-tuŋ. \ Schuessler (2007) compares it to several Kam-Tai words: Thai กลืน (glʉʉn), Ahom 𑜀𑜢𑜤𑜃 (k(l)en), Saek [script needed] (tlɯɯnᴬ¹), Proto-Kam-Sui *ʔdun, etc. ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : tan¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thun • Middle-Chinese : thon ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣ • Middle-Chinese : then
|to swallow (to cause food, drink, etc. to pass from the mouth into the stomach) • to annex (territory, a country, etc.) ‖ a surname
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|
|Alternative form of 別
|别 (eum 별 (byeol))
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|
|吞 • (tan) · 吞 • (tan) (hangeul 탄, revised tan, McCune–Reischauer t'an)
|Hán-Nôm : biệt
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|
|Hán-Nôm : thôn • Hán-Nôm : xôn
|别
|-
|刹
|
|
|吞
|-
|吠
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 口 (“mouth”) + 犬 (“dog”) – to bark. \ Onomatopoeic and from Proto-Sino-Tibetan, perhaps *baus: cognate to Mizo bauh (“to bark”), from earlier *baus (Schuessler 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puǐ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huī • Middle-Chinese : bjojH
|(of a dog) to bark
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|
|Bark; howl.
|吠 (eum 폐 (pye))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : phệ • Hán-Nôm : phịa
| ‖ 刹(さつ) • (satsu) ‖ 刹(せつ) • (setsu)
|Buddhist temple; pagoda ‖ Alternative form of 檫. ‖ (Buddhism)
|刹 (eumhun 절 찰 (jeol chal))
|hanja form of 찰 (“Buddhist temple; pagoda”)
|Hán-Nôm : sát
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|
|吠
|刹
|-
|-
|吧
|剁
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声 (xíngshēng)): semantic 口 (kǒu) + phonetic 巴 (bā) (OC *praː). \ From 罷／罢 (bà) and 夫 (OC *ba, “is it not?”), itself a contraction of 不乎. ‖ Onomatopoeic. ‖ Onomatopoeic. ‖  ‖ Borrowed from English bar. ‖  ‖  
| ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄅㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --pa ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Middle-Chinese : pae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚ • Middle-Chinese : phae
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doek³⁻¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : do² • Cantonese · Jyutping : do³ • Middle-Chinese : twaH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tok
|Emphatic final particle; used at the end of a sentence to · indicate a suggested action: why don't you ... • Emphatic final particle; used at the end of a sentence to · express imperative mood: let us ... • Emphatic final particle; used at the end of a sentence to · indicate a speculation. • Used at the end of a sentence used to concede a point. • Used at the end of a sentence used to indicate disapproving incredulousness. • Used after the topic for emphasis. ‖ (onomatopoeia) sound of crackling; crack ‖ (onomatopoeia) pow!; smack! ‖ (dialectal) to smoke (a cigarette) ‖ bar • Short for 貼吧／贴吧 (Tiēbā, “internet board”). • Used in transcription. ‖ Only used in 吧呀. ‖ Only used in 吧呀.
|to chop by pounding; to mince; to hash; to cut ‖ (Hokkien, Teochew) Alternative form of 斲 (“to chop”)
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|吧 (eum 파 (pa))
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|canonical : 吧: Hán Việt readings: ba 吧: Nôm readings: ba • canonical : bơ • canonical : và • canonical : vài ‖ romanization : và
| ‖ Nôm form of và (“and, with, as well as”).
|吧
|-
|吩
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huan ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan¹
|Used in 吩咐 (fēnfù). • Used in 吩呶. ‖ Used in transcription.
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|to instruct, to order
|吩 • (bun) · 吩 • (bun) (hangeul 분, revised bun, McCune–Reischauer pun)
|to instruct, to order
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|吩
|剁
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|-
|吭
|剋
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs)
| ‖ From Middle Chinese 刻 (MC khok) (cf. Sun, 2018, p. 518).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khngh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khōng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : hang • Middle-Chinese : hangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄤˋ • Middle-Chinese : hangX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiak • Middle-Chinese : khok ‖  
|to utter; to utter a sound ‖ throat (of birds) • throat in general ‖ voice • to swallow
|to counteract; to work against; to conflict (especially of one's fate with someone else) • (literary) to overcome; to subdue; to capture; to defeat; to vanquish; to prevail; to surmount; to overthrow • (literary) to restrain; to cut down • (literary) to be able to • (literary) severe; harsh • (literary) to injure; to harm • (literary) [to digest • (literary) to set a time limit ‖ (colloquial) to scold; to censure • (colloquial) to beat • (dialectal) to dig (with the hand)
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|throat • neck • pivot
|吭 • (hang) · 吭 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang)
|throat
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|
|剋 • (geuk) · 剋 • (geuk) (hangeul 극, revised geuk, McCune–Reischauer kŭk)
|
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|吭
|canonical : 剋: Hán Việt readings: khắc 剋: Nôm readings: khắc
|chữ Hán form of khắc (“beat, hit (in casual language)”). • chữ Hán form of khắc (“scold, rebuke (in casual language)”). • Nôm form of khắc (“opposite”).
|剋
|-
|-
|吮
|剌
| ‖  
| ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ún • Middle-Chinese : zywinX • Middle-Chinese : dzjwenX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuínn
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laat⁶ • Middle-Chinese : lat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚˊ
|to suck (with one's mouth) ‖ (Hokkien) to pick off or strip off or scrape off edible food from inedible material like bone, shell, or seeds (usually with one's teeth and/or tongue) • (Hokkien) to gnaw; to nibble off causing holes (by insects) • (Hokkien) to comb; to pluck or pick off dirt (as a bird grooms itself with its beak) • (Hokkien, figurative) to nitpick; to find fault; to be fussy
|perverse; unreasonable • to contradict; to violate • Used in 剌剌 and 撥剌／拨剌. • Used in transcription. ‖ Alternative form of 拉 (lá, “to slash; to cut in two”)
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|
|opposed • biased
|剌 • (ral) · 剌 • (ral) (hangeul 랄, revised ral, McCune–Reischauer ral)
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|
|吮 (eum 전 (jeon))
|Hán-Nôm : lạp • Hán-Nôm : lạt
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|
|Hán-Nôm : duyện • Hán-Nôm : giỏn • Hán-Nôm : duyên
|剌
|
|吮
|-
|-
|吱
|剎
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰes) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 支 (OC *kje).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰraːd) : phonetic 殺 (OC *sreːds, *sreːd) + semantic 刂. \ Transcription of the kṣV (क्ष) sequence in various Sanskrit words, probably via Khotanese or Gandhari 𐨐𐨿𐨮 (kṣ /⁠*tʂ(ə), *ʈʂ(ə)⁠/) (Bailey, 1946), including: \ * Sanskrit क्षेत्र (kṣetra, “land; place of pilgrimage”) (剎多羅) \ * Sanskrit क्षण (kṣaṇa, “instant (in time)”) (剎那) \ * Sanskrit क्षेम (kṣema, “residence”) (剎摩) \ * Sanskrit क्षत्रिय (kṣatriya, “warrior caste; kshatriya”) (剎怛利耶, 剎帝利, 剎利) ‖ From 煞 (shā), in turn from 殺／杀 (shā).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsi • Middle-Chinese : khjieH
|Cantonese · Jyutping : saat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caat³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat
|(onomatopoeia) sound of creaking or squeaking • (Taiwan, neologism, slang, derogatory) supporters of Democratic Progressive Party (DPP)
|Clipping of 剎多羅／刹多罗 (chàduōluó). · (Buddhism) land; world; place; area • Clipping of 剎多羅／刹多罗 (chàduōluó). · (Buddhism) place of pilgrimage; kshetra; Buddhist temple; Buddhist monastery; pagoda • Clipping of 剎那／刹那 (chànà). · (Buddhism) instant; moment; impermanence • Clipping of 剎那／刹那 (chànà). · (by extension) brief moment; short moment ‖ to brake (a car); to stop a car
|
|
|
|
|吱 (eum 지 (ji))
|剎 • (chal) · 剎 • (chal) (hangeul 찰, revised chal, McCune–Reischauer ch'al, Yale chal)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : sát
|
|
|
|剎
|吱
|-
|-
|吵
|剜
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sm̥ʰreːwʔ, *mewʔ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sm̥ʰreːwʔ, *mewʔ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sm̥ʰreːwʔ, *mewʔ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sm̥ʰreːwʔ, *mewʔ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoːn) : phonetic 宛 (OC *qon, *qonʔ) + semantic 刂.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : caau² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsháu • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄠˇ • Middle-Chinese : mjiewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠˋ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Middle-Chinese : 'wan
|noisy; rowdy; boisterous; clamorous • to argue; to dispute • to disturb; to annoy ‖ ^‡ Sound of chicken. ‖ Used in personal names. • Used in 吵吵 (chāochao, “to make noise”). ‖ ^‡ Alternative form of 訬／𰵏 (“light (of weight)”)
|to cut out; to scoop out
|
|
|
|
|吵 (eum 묘 (myo)) · 吵 (eum 초 (cho))
|剜 (eum 완 (wan))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : sảo • Hán-Nôm : thểu • Hán-Nôm : sao • Hán-Nôm : chiễu
|Hán-Nôm : uyển
|
|
|吵
|剜
|-
|-
|吻
|剝
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯnʔ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 勿 (OC *mɯd). \ Unknown. Various possibilities are (Schuessler, 2007): \ * Related to 門 (OC *mɯːn, “door”); \ * Related to Mizo hmûi (“lips; upper lip”); \ * Related to Proto-Vietic *c-ɓuːj(ʔ) (“lip”) (Vietnamese môi); \ * Related to Burmese မုတ် (mut, “mouth”) (in မုတ်ဆိတ် (muthcit, “beard”)) and မှုတ် (hmut, “to blow with mouth”); \ * Related to Khmer មាត់ (mŏət, “mouth, lip”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *proːɡ) : phonetic 彔 (OC *b·roːɡ) + semantic 刀.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bún • Middle-Chinese : mjunX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mok¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pok • Middle-Chinese : paewk
|(anatomy) proboscis; lip; corner of the lips • to shut the lips • to kiss; kiss (Classifier: 啖 c) • to coincide; to tally; to be consistent
|(Classical) to cut apart • to peel; to skin; to shell • to fall off; to erode; to come off (of skin, paint, etc。) • to strip; to deprive; to exploit • (Cantonese, Hakka, Zhongshan Min) to take off (clothes) • (Hokkien) to take off; to remove; to take down (something to attached to something else) • (Hokkien) to snatch; to take away by force; to rob; to mug
| ‖ 吻(ふん) • (fun)
|lips • kiss ‖ (anatomy) proboscis
|吻 • (mun) · 吻 • (mun) (hangeul 문, revised mun, McCune–Reischauer mun)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : vẫn • Hán-Nôm : vặt • Hán-Nôm : vẩn • Hán-Nôm : ẫn • Hán-Nôm : uẫn • Hán-Nôm : ẫm • Hán-Nôm : ỡm • Hán-Nôm : uẫm • Hán-Nôm : uỗm • Hán-Nôm : uổm • Hán-Nôm : uẩm
|peel • peel off • strip
|剝 (eum 박 (bak))
|to strip • undress • to cut, trim • injure
|Hán-Nôm : bác • Hán-Nôm : bóc
|
|
|吻
|剝
|-
|-
|吼
|剥
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰloːʔ, *qʰloːs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 孔 (OC *kʰloːŋʔ). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄡˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : háu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hió • Middle-Chinese : xuwX • Middle-Chinese : xuwH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lung¹
|(of a large animal) to roar • (of people) to shout • (of inanimate objects such as cars) to squeal • (Hokkien, Puxian Min) to cry; to sob; to weep • a surname: Hou ‖ (Hong Kong, construction, informal) Alternative form of 窿
|
|
|howl, roar, cry, bark
|吼 (eum 후 (hu))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hống • Hán-Nôm : hổng • Hán-Nôm : khỏng • Hán-Nôm : rống
|
|
|吼
| ‖ 剥(はく) • (haku)
|-
|peel • peel off • strip ‖ coming off, peeling off
|呀
| ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia • Middle-Chinese : ngae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : aa³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : aa⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚ • Middle-Chinese : xae ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : aa⁶
|to be surprised • Interjection for expressing surprise • (onomatopoeia) creak • a classifier ‖ Synonym of 啊 (“Sentence-final exclamation particle”). Normally used after words ending in -a, -o, -e, -i, -ü. ‖ Sentence-final particle for softening statements or questions. • Particle used after list items in a list of examples. ‖ Sentence-final particle expressing surprise and suspicion. ‖ (of mouth) opened • empty ‖ (colloquial) -ty
|
|
|
|
|呀 (eum 하 (ha))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nhá • Hán-Nôm : nha
|
|
|呀
|剥
|-
|-
|呂
|剴
|Pictogram (象形) of two vertebrae. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ra-t (“bone”) (STEDT).
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí • Middle-Chinese : ljoX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : goi¹ • Middle-Chinese : koj • Middle-Chinese : ngoj
|(anatomy) spine • (music) even-numbered notes in shí'èrlǜ • Lü, a state in China that existed in the early years of the Spring and Autumn Period • a surname
|
|
|spine • backbone
|呂 (eum 려 (ryeo))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lã • Hán-Nôm : lả • Hán-Nôm : lỡ • Hán-Nôm : lử • Hán-Nôm : lữa • Hán-Nôm : rả • Hán-Nôm : rứa • Hán-Nôm : trả • Hán-Nôm : trở • Hán-Nôm : lớ • Hán-Nôm : lở • Hán-Nôm : lữ
|scythe • suitability
|剴 • (gae) · 剴 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae)
|
|
|
|呂
|-
|呆
|; Etymology 1 \ ; Etymology 2 \ ; Etymology 3
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngoi⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâi
|dull; wooden • dull-minded; simple; stupid • (Eastern Min) bad • (chiefly Mainland China) Alternative form of 待 (“to stay”) • a surname: Dai
|
|
|amazed, disgusted, shocked
|剴
|呆 (eumhun 어리석을 매 (eoriseogeul mae))
|hanja form of 매 (“dull-minded; simple; stupid”)
|Hán-Nôm : ngốc
|stupid, naive, foolish
|呆
|-
|-
|呢
|剷
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nil) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 尼 (OC *nil) \ Ota (1987) suggests that the particle used in questions comes from 聻 (MC nriX) [Five Dynasties], a particle which may come from 爾 (MC nyeX, “that”), and that the particle used to indicate an action in progress comes from earlier 哩 [Yuan dynasty], which may come from 裏 (MC liX, “place”) [Tang dynasty–Five Dynasties]. ‖ ; “cloth” ‖ Substrate word. Compare: \ * Proto-Tai *najꟲ (“this”): Zhuang neix (“this”), Thai นี้ (níi, “this”), Lao ນີ້ (nī, “this”) \ * Proto-Mon-Khmer *niʔ ~ nih (“this”): Khmer នេះ (nih, “this”) \ * Proto-Mon-Khmer *naaj (“deictic particle”): Khmer នាយ (niəy, “over there”), Vietnamese này, nầy (“this”), Vietnamese nay (“now”), Vietnamese nấy (“that”) \ * Proto-Hmong-Mien *ʔneinˣ (“this”): White Hmong no (“here, this”) \ * Proto-Austronesian *nay (“deictic particle: this”), *qani (“proximal deictic: this”), *-ni (“proximal spatio-temporal deixis: this, here; now”): Malay ini (“this”). ‖  ‖ From clipping of English level. ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄋㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ne¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --ni • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ni • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --neh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --nih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ne • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --ne • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nee • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --nee ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nî • Middle-Chinese : nrij ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ni¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ne² ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : le¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : nî
|Sentence-final particle indicating a reciprocal question; used to apply the previously asked question to a new subject. What about ...?; And ...? • Sentence-final particle signalling a pause, to emphasize the preceding words. • Sentence-final particle indicating continuation of an action or state, English present continuous. to be ...-ing • Sentence-final particle used to make questions more indirect, to give the impression that the speaker is speaking to themselves. • (Shanghainese) Sentence-final particle expressing anger. ‖ Used in 呢喃 (nínán). • woollen cloth (for heavy clothing) ‖ (Cantonese) this ‖ (Cantonese) hey; Used to raise attention of the listener ‖ (Hong Kong Cantonese, gaming) levels (in a video game) • (Hong Kong Cantonese, figuratively) levels in a society; social class ‖ sound • Alternative form of 䛏 (ní) ‖ Only used in 唵嘛呢叭咪吽 (ǎn mānī bēimēi hōng). ‖ (Southern Min) Used in some question words.
|
|
|Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuánn
|(Hokkien) Alternative form of 㔊 (“thóaⁿ”)
|
|
|呢 (eum 니 (ni))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ni • Hán-Nôm : nài • Hán-Nôm : nấy • Hán-Nôm : nê • Hán-Nôm : nỉ • Hán-Nôm : nì • Hán-Nôm : này
|剷 • (san) · 剷 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san)
|
|呢
|-
|呵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ho¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ho² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Middle-Chinese : xa ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ho¹ • Middle-Chinese : xaH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ho¹
|Alternative form of 訶／诃 (hē, “to berate; to scold”) • to shout; to cry out • to cherish; to treasure; to protect • (onomatopoeia) Sound of laughing. • Exclamation particle for expressing surprise. • (dialectal) to smoke (tobacco) ‖ to expel breath; to slowly breathe out ‖ Used in transcription. ‖ Alternative form of 哈 (“to bend over”) ‖ Alternative form of 啊 (“exclamation particle”) ‖ Alternative form of 啊 (“modal particle”) ‖ (dialectal) to cheat; to deceive ‖ (Cantonese) Used to point out something that one would like confirmation for.
|
|
|scold, disapprove
|呵 • (ga) · 呵 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ha • Hán-Nôm : há • Hán-Nôm : hả • Hán-Nôm : hà • Hán-Nôm : khá • Hán-Nôm : khà
|
|
|呵
|剷
|-
|-
|呻
|剽
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sin • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshan • Middle-Chinese : syin ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : san³
|to chant; to recite • to groan; to moan ‖ (Cantonese) to complain; to express discontent
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiâu • Middle-Chinese : bjiew • Middle-Chinese : phjiewH
|intrepid • agile • frivolous • rob • pierce • to attack • plagiarize
| ‖ 剽(ひょう) • (hyō)
| ‖ a threat
|剽 • (pyo) · 剽 • (pyo) (hangeul 표, revised pyo, McCune–Reischauer p'yo)
|
|
|呻 • (sin) · 呻 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thân
|
|
|呻
|剽
|-
|劉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·ru) : phonetic 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) + semantic 金 (“metal”) + semantic 刂 (“knife”). \ Often written as 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) in the oracle bone script. \ ;kill, slaughter \ ;battle-axe \ ;surname \ :Two origins are recorded: from 劉累 Liú Lěi, descendant of Emperor Yao and dragon-keeper of King Kong Jia of Xia; and from the Liu state (劉國) ruled by Duke Kang of Liu, younger brother of King Ding of Zhou.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liû • Middle-Chinese : ljuw
|(obsolete) a type of battle axe • (obsolete) to kill; to slaughter • (obsolete) to conquer • (obsolete) to wither • (～國) State of Liu during the Zhou dynasty • a surname
| ‖ 劉(りゅう) • (Ryū)
|axe • kill ‖ a surname from Chinese
|劉 (eumhun 죽일 류 (jugil ryu), word-initial (South Korea) 죽일 유 (jugil yu))
|hanja form of 류/유 (“to kill”)
|Hán-Nôm : Lưu
|Chữ Hán form of Lưu (“a surname from Chinese.”).
|劉
|-
|-
|咄
|劑
| ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zliːls, *ʔslel) : phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls) + semantic 刂. \ From 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls, “orderly”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deot¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyut³ • Middle-Chinese : twot • Middle-Chinese : twat ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tu̍t
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tse • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsè • Middle-Chinese : tsjwe • Middle-Chinese : dzejH
|(onomatopoeia) a loud voice, especially in an angry way; tut-tut. • to berate ‖ (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to speak not in a fluent manner
|to trim; to prune • to adjust; to make up (a concoction); to concoct • (historical) contract for trading • small piece of dough; dough which has been kneaded • (traditional Chinese medicine) medicinal preparation; concoction • pharmaceutical preparation; medicament • dose; dosage • (chemistry) agent; reagent • Classifier for doses of medicine.
|
|
|
|talk, speech, conversation, tale
|劑 (eum 제 (je))
|咄 • (dol) · 咄 • (dol) (hangeul 돌, revised dol, McCune–Reischauer tol)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : xót • Hán-Nôm : sụt • Hán-Nôm : đốt • Hán-Nôm : rút
|Hán-Nôm : tễ • Hán-Nôm : xẻ
|
|
|咄
|劑
|-
|-
|咋
|劬
| ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Middle-Chinese : tsreak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Middle-Chinese : dzraek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Middle-Chinese : tsraeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa⁴
|(colloquial, dialectal) how ‖ (obsolete) to be loud; to shout; to cry ‖ (obsolete) to bite • Used in 㕭咋. ‖ (obsolete, ideophonic, of speech) suddenly; in an outburst • Alternative form of 炸 (“to burst; to explode; to infuriate”) ‖ Alternative form of 乍 (zhà, “suddenly”) ‖ Only used in 咋呼 (zhàhu). ‖ (Cantonese) Contraction of 啫呀 (ze1 aa3). ‖ Sentence-final particle expressing surprise and suspicion.
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gju
|Only used in 勤劬 (qínqú).
|
|
|咋 • (sa) · 咋 • (sa) (hangeul 사)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : chạ • Hán-Nôm : chá • Hán-Nôm : chách • Hán-Nôm : cha
|劬 • (gu) · 劬 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku)
|
|
|咋
|Hán-Nôm : cù
|
|劬
|-
|-
|咐
|励
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pos) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 付 (OC *pos). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pos) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 付 (OC *pos).
|Simplified from 勵 (厲 → 厉).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hù ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ
|to instruct; to order ‖ ^‡ Defined in the historical dictionary 《字彙補》 as 噓.
|
|to instruct, to order
|咐 • (bu) · 咐 • (bu) (hangeul 부, revised bu, McCune–Reischauer pu)
|to instruct, to order
|
|
|
|咐
|-
|咒
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiù • Middle-Chinese : tsyuwH
|religious incantation or mantra; spell • curse; malediction • to curse; to damn
|
|
|encourage • inspire
|励 • (ryeo) · 励 • (ryeo) (hangeul 려, revised ryeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ)
|
|
|咒 • (ju) · 咒 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : chú
|
|
|咒
|励
|-
|-
|咕
|勁
|Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 古 (gǔ). \ ;“to stand someone up”
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯns, *keŋs) : phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ) + semantic 力 (“strength”). \ Perhaps related to 強 (OC *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ, “strong”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯns, *keŋs) : phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ) + semantic 力 (“strength”). \ Perhaps related to 強 (OC *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ, “strong”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìng • Middle-Chinese : kjiengH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˋㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìng • Middle-Chinese : kjiengH
|(onomatopoeia) the sound of rumbling, bubbling, glugging, cooing, etc. (often in compounds) • (colloquial) to stand up someone; to fail to show up
|powerful; strong • vigorous; with energy; lively • (Cantonese) amazing; terrific • (Cantonese) very; super ‖ vigor; energy; strength (Classifier: 股 m) • air; manner; expression (Classifier: 股 m) • interest; relish; gusto
|
|
|
|咕 • (go) · 咕 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko)
|Powerful, power.
|勁 (eum 경 (gyeong))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cô • Hán-Nôm : cổ
|Hán-Nôm : kính • Hán-Nôm : cứng • Hán-Nôm : cánh • Hán-Nôm : kình
|
|
|咕
|勁
|-
|-
|咖
|勗
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl). ‖  ‖ From Hokkien 跤 (kha), shortened from 跤數／跤数 (kha-siàu, “character; guy”), probably with influence from Mandarin 腳色／脚色 (juésè, “character”). \ Alternatively, from English cast. ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ
|Only used in 咖啡 (kāfēi); also used as its short form. ‖ Only used in 咖喱 (gālí) and 咖哩 (kālǐ). ‖ (chiefly Taiwan, slang) character; role ‖ Only used in 咖咖. ‖ The meaning of this term is uncertain.
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|咖 (eum 가 (ga))
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|咖
|勗 • (uk) · 勗 • (uk) (hangeul 욱, revised uk, McCune–Reischauer uk)
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|咨
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsli) : phonetic 次 (OC *sn̥ʰis) + semantic 口 (“mouth”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Middle-Chinese : tsij
|to consult • official document • an interjection used to indicate appreciation • to sigh • to show the teeth • Alternative form of 資／资 (zī) • Alternative form of 茲／兹 • Alternative form of 齜／龇 (zī)
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|咨 (eum 자 (ja))
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|Hán-Nôm : tư • Hán-Nôm : ti
|勗
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|勛
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰun) : phonetic 員 (OC *ɢon, *ɢun) + semantic 力.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hun • Middle-Chinese : xjun
|meritorious deed • merits • rank
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|咨
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|咪
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth; speech”) + phonetic 米 (OC *miːʔ). \ Onomatopoeic. ‖ Contraction of 唔係／唔系 (m⁴ hai⁶). ‖ Possibly a contraction of 唔使 (m⁴ sai²) (Bai, 2003). ‖ Borrowed from English microphone or mic. ‖  ‖ Borrowed from English mile. ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁵ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : mai¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁵ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : mai¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : mai¹
|meow • sound used to call a cat • Used in 咪咪 (mīmī, “(slang) breasts; tits; boobs”). ‖ When used with 囉／啰 (lo¹) at the end of a phrase, used to spell out something obvious. • When used with 囉／啰 (lo¹) or rising intonation at the end of a phrase, used to connect a condition to a result or suggestion. • Used as the negative of 係／系 (hai⁶) when asking a question. ‖ (Cantonese, imperative) don't ‖ microphone (Classifier: 支 c) ‖ Only used in 咪唑 (mǐzuò, “imidazole”). ‖ (obsolete or Cantonese) mile • (Cantonese, informal) mile per hour • (Cantonese, informal) kilometre per hour ‖ to study hard ‖ to peel with a knife • to pinch (with fingernails)
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|baa (bleating of a sheep) • meter
|勛 (eum 훈 (hun))
|咪 • (mi) · 咪 • (mi) (hangeul 미, revised mi, McCune–Reischauer mi)
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|Hán-Nôm : mễ
|Hán-Nôm : huân
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|咪
|勛
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|咬
|勻
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːw, *ŋɡreːwʔ, *qreːw) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 交 (OC *kreːw). \ (oral sex): Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 口 + 交. \ Perhaps Sino-Tibetan; compare Chepang ङेव्ह्सा (ŋewh-, “to nibble”) (Schuessler, 2007). The Min vernacular readings are reminiscent of Proto-Tai *giəwꟲ (“to chew”), whence Thai เคี้ยว (kíao) (ibid.). ‖  ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷin) : phonetic 螾 (OC *lin, *linʔ) + semantic 呂 (“two gold plates”) – a unit of weight, original form of 鈞. The phonetic component is an ancient form of 螾 (see 旬), now written 勹. The component 呂 has corrupted into 二.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gáu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Middle-Chinese : kaew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠ • Middle-Chinese : 'aew
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ûn • Middle-Chinese : ywin
|to bite; to snap at; to gnaw • to incriminate; to accuse • to articulate; to pronounce • to be nitpicking on words • (of dog) to bark • (dialectal Mandarin, Jin) itchy • (neologism, slang, euphemistic) Alternative form of 口交 (kǒujiāo, “oral sex; to perform oral sex on”) ‖ Only used in 咬咬. ‖ Only used in 咬哇 and 哇咬.
|equal; even • to spare; to make even • (Cantonese) thoroughly; exhaustively
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|equal, even, uniform
|勻 • (gyun, yun) · 勻 • (gyun, yun) (hangeul 균, 윤, revised gyun, yun, McCune–Reischauer kyun, yun)
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|咬 • (gyo) · 咬 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
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|Hán-Nôm : giảo • Hán-Nôm : rao • Hán-Nôm : ngẩu • Hán-Nôm : ngấu • Hán-Nôm : ngảo • Hán-Nôm : ngảu • Hán-Nôm : ngáu
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|咬
|勻
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|咱
|匍
|Fusion of 自家 (MC dzijH kae, “self”) [Song] > Modern Mandarin zá (Lü, 1984). Fusion with 們／们 (men) produces the form with a nasal coda [Yuan], e.g. Modern Mandarin zán (Norman, 1988). ‖ Fusion of 早晚 (zǎowǎn). ‖ From 儂／侬 (lâng, “person; I, me”) + elision of 儂／侬. Compare 阮 (gún, goán, “we, us (exclusive)”), 恁 (lín, “you (plural)”), 𪜶 (in, “they, them”). ‖  ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄗㄢ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : lán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nán ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚˇ
|(literary or dialectal) I; me • (inclusive) we; us • (literary) A particle used after personal pronouns. ‖ (dialectal, in compounds) time ‖ (inclusive) we; us • (polite) you • (inclusive) our ‖ Sentence-final modal particle for the imperative mood, similar to 吧 (ba). • Sentence-final modal particle for the declarative mood. ‖ Alternative form of 咋 (“how”)
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pôo • Middle-Chinese : bu
|Only used in 匍匐 (púfú).
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|咱 • (chal, cha) · 咱 • (chal, cha) (hangeul 찰, 차, revised chal, cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'al, ch'a)
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|Hán-Nôm : cha • Hán-Nôm : ta • Hán-Nôm : thính
|匍 (eum 포 (po))
|Variant of 聽, see there for more details.
|咱
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|咳
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː) : semantic 口 + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː) : semantic 口 + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː) : semantic 口 + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː) : semantic 口 + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kat¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : koi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kha • Middle-Chinese : hoj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hai ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hoj ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : kak¹
|to cough • cough ‖ Used to express sorrow, remorse, or surprise. ‖ (of infant) to laugh; to cackle • Alternative form of 孩 (hái, “child; infant”) • interjection for sighing or order • Alternative form of 閡／阂 (“to be cut off from”) ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 㩿 (kak¹) (Used in 甩咳.)
| ‖ 咳(せき) • (seki)
| ‖ a cough
|咳 • (hae) · 咳 • (hae) (hangeul 해)
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|Hán-Nôm : cay • Hán-Nôm : hãy • Hán-Nôm : hỡi • Hán-Nôm : khái • Hán-Nôm : gay • Hán-Nôm : gây
|Hán-Nôm : bò
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|咳
|匍
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|哄
|匏
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡloːŋs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 共 (OC *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs). ‖  ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 哄 – see 鬨 (“to fight; to combat; to cause a commotion or disturbance”). \ (This character is the simplified form of 鬨). \  Notes: \ Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. \ Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : háng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hánn • Middle-Chinese : huwngH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hang ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : hung⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung³
|to fool; to cheat • to keep (especially a child) in good humor; to coax • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taiwanese and Singapore Hokkien) to frighten; to menace; to threaten; to intimidate by violent language ‖ (of many people) to vocalize simultaneously ‖ (Cantonese) to move close to (somebody); to crowd (somebody)
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pû • Middle-Chinese : baew
|gourd • one of the eight categories of musical instruments in the Chinese bayin (八音) classification system, most prominently including mouth organs
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|哄 (eum 홍 (hong))
|gourd
|匏 • (po) · 匏 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o)
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|Hán-Nôm : họng • Hán-Nôm : hống • Hán-Nôm : hòng • Hán-Nôm : ngọng • Hán-Nôm : rống
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|哄
|匏 (bào, bầu)
|匏
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|哇
|匐
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreː, *qʷraː) : semantic 口 + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː).
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄨㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua • Middle-Chinese : 'ea • Middle-Chinese : 'wae
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fuk⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : buk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ho̍k • Middle-Chinese : bjuwk • Middle-Chinese : bok
|Interjection indicating surprise or amazement: wow!, gee • (onomatopoeia) sound of crying • (onomatopoeia) sound of vomiting • (Classical) to vomit • Sentence-final particle: Equivalent of 啊 (a). Only used after words ending in -u, -ao.
|Only used in 匍匐 (púfú).
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|crawl
|匐 • (bok) · 匐 • (bok) (hangeul 복, revised bok, McCune–Reischauer pok)
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|哇 (eum 와 (wa))
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|Hán-Nôm : oa • Hán-Nôm : òa/oà
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|哇
|匐
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|哈
|匝
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡuːb) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb). ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖ For Hui people, the surname is the initialism of several Arabic names, such as حَسَن (ḥasan). ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖ Mostly likely Sinitic, but the exact etymon is disputed. Possible etyma include: \ * Pause/topic/focus marker 呵, 啊 (Dede, 2007; Xu, 2015, 2021); \ * Accusative/dative marker 行 attested in the Secret History of the Yuan Dynasty (Du, 2005), which may come from the locative 上 (“on; above”) (Jiang, 1998); or \ * Locative 下 (“below”) (Yang, 2014; Zhou, 2019).
|Originally written 帀, see there for more.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngap⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ngop ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : haa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hap ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : hânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hēnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hā ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˇ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : haa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Hap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Hah ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚ ‖  ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˋ ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsat
|^‡ (of fish) many; plenteous • ^‡ (of a fish's mouth) opening; moving • mouthful; sip ‖ (onomatopoeia) sound of laughter: ha • exclamation of triumph, etc.: ha! • (dialectal) Sentence-final particle softening the request. • to breathe out • (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to drink · (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to drink alcohol • (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to drink · (Taiwanese Hokkien) to drink tea • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to exhale hot air to keep oneself warm • Short for 哈薩克斯坦／哈萨克斯坦 (Hāsàkèsītǎn, “Kazakhstan”). • Short for 哈爾濱／哈尔滨 (Hā'ěrbīn, “Harbin”). ‖ (Hokkien) Used to indicate confusion or pondering when the speaker did not hear or comprehend clearly: huh; hmm; what; pardon?; what did (they/you/he/she) say? • (Hokkien) Used to express doubt or disbelief: huh?; hmm?; what?; oh?; what do you mean? • (Hokkien) Used to express subtle surprise or amusement/astonishment: huh!; oh!; what! • (Taiwanese Hokkien) Used to express consent or agreement or approval: huh ok; oh alright; yeah; sure; ah yes ‖ (chiefly Mandarin, Jin, colloquial) to bend; to stoop ‖ (Beijing Mandarin) to scold; to reprimand ‖ Only used in 哈巴 (hǎba, “Pekingese; pug”). ‖ a surname (mainly among Hui people) ‖ Used in compounds. ‖ Only used in 哈喇 (hāla). ‖ (Southwestern Mandarin, Xiang) silly; stupid ‖ (Southwestern Mandarin) to tickle ‖ Only used in 哈士蟆 (hàshimá). ‖ Only used in 哈巴 (hàba). ‖ Alternative form of 喝 (“to drink”) • Alternative form of 呷 ‖ Used in place names. ‖ (Gansu and Qinghai Mandarin) Accusative/dative marker, placed after a preverbal object.
|(literary or dialectal) Classifier for circuits or circles. • (dialectal) Classifier for times, as in frequency. • (literary) to surround; to encircle • (literary) to spread all over; to reach (a limit); to complete a full cycle
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|哈 • (hap) · 哈 • (hap) (hangeul 합, revised hap, McCune–Reischauer hap)
|to go around • Classifier for circuits or circles
|匝 (eum 잡 (jap))
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|Hán-Nôm : cáp • Hán-Nôm : hóp • Hán-Nôm : hộp • Hán-Nôm : ngáp • Hán-Nôm : họp • Hán-Nôm : hớp • Hán-Nôm : ngớp
|Hán-Nôm : táp
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|哈
|匝
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|哎
|匡
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 艾 (OC *ŋaːds, *ŋads).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ai
|Interjection of surprise.
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|interjection of surprise
|哎 • (ae) · 哎 • (ae) (hangeul 애)
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|Hán-Nôm : ngáy • Hán-Nôm : ngửi
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khong • Middle-Chinese : khjwang
|(literary) upright • to correct; to rectify • (literary) to assist • (literary) to save; to rescue • to predict; to expect • (obsolete) to lose • (historical) name of an ancient book • (historical) name of two ancient places in Henan • Alternative name for 廬山／庐山 (Lúshān). • (obsolete) shell of crabs • ^† Alternative form of 恇 (kuāng) • a surname
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|哎
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|哥
|Stacked form of 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). \ ; “elder brother” \ : It is a clipping of 阿哥 (MC 'a ka), a borrowing from Xianbei *aqa (“elder brother”) (Mei, 2015). Compare Proto-Mongolic *aka, whence also Mongolian ᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ (ak-a, “elder brother”). Related to 阿干 (MC 'a kan), which is the definite form of the same Xianbei word (Mei, 2015).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koh • Middle-Chinese : ka
|older brother; elder brother • older male relative of the same generation • (honorific) term of address for a male person of the same age or older • Short for 哥斯達黎加／哥斯达黎加 (Gēsīdálíjiā, “Costa Rica”). • Original form of 歌 (gē, “to sing; song”).
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|kanji used to transliterate borrowings from foreign languages • Alternative form of 歌 (“sing, singing”) • elder brother
|匡 (eum 광 (gwang))
|哥 (eumhun 성씨 가 (seongssi ga))
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|Hán-Nôm : ca • Hán-Nôm : kha
|Hán-Nôm : khuôn • Hán-Nôm : khuông
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|哥
|匡
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|哦
|匯
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : semantic 口 (“mouth; speech”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : semantic 口 (“mouth; speech”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : semantic 口 (“mouth; speech”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : semantic 口 (“mouth; speech”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : semantic 口 (“mouth; speech”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷrɯːlʔ, *kʰʷriːl) : semantic 匚 + phonetic 淮 (OC *ɡʷriːl).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o² • Cantonese · Jyutping : o⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : òo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ôo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄛˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : o⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngo⁴ • Middle-Chinese : nga
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huē • Middle-Chinese : khweaj • Middle-Chinese : hwojX
|Used to express doubt: oh?; really? (Usage same as that of 𡂿／𫪘 (ōu).) ‖ Used to express realization or understanding: oh (Usage same as that of 𡂿／𫪘 (ōu).) ‖ sentence-final particle conveying informality, warmth, friendliness or intimacy • sentence-final particle indicating that one is stating a fact that the other person is not aware of ‖ (Cantonese) Used to express acknowledgement: okay ‖ (literary) to recite (poetry); to chant • (Cantonese) to nag
|to flow together; to gather together; to converge • to remit (money) • (literary, or in compounds) foreign exchange; forex; FX • to collect; to gather • (literary, or in compounds) collection • (literary, or in compounds) concourse
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|whirl, swirl
|匯 (eum 회 (hoe))
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|哦 • (a) · 哦 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a)
|Hán-Nôm : hối • Hán-Nôm : vị
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|
|canonical : 哦: Hán Việt readings: nga 哦: Nôm readings: nga
|匯
|chữ Hán form of nga (“recite, hum, croon”).
|哦
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|-
|哨
|匱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruds) : semantic 匚 (“cabinet”) + phonetic 貴 (OC *kluds, “valuables”). \ ; “quecto-” ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruds) : semantic 匚 (“cabinet”) + phonetic 貴 (OC *kluds, “valuables”). \ ; “quecto-”
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuī • Middle-Chinese : gwijH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : gwijH
|(literary) to lack; to be deficient in; to be short of • Alternative form of 簣／篑 (kuì, “basket for carrying earth”) • Alternative form of 潰／溃 (“to collapse; to be routed”) • Alternative form of 饋／馈 (kuì, “to gift”) • (Taiwan) quecto- (SI unit prefix) ‖ Original form of 櫃／柜 (guì, “cabinet; cupboard; reservoir”).
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sàu • Middle-Chinese : sjew • Middle-Chinese : tshjewH
|to patrol (keep watch over an area by regularly walking or travelling around it) • sentry; sentinel; post • to chirp • to whistle • whistle (device used to make a whistling sound) • a surname: Shao
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|
|to stand guard, to look out (for a suspect or enemy)
|匱 (eum 궤 (gwe))
|哨 • (cho, so) · 哨 • (cho, so) (hangeul 초, 소, revised cho, so, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, so)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : tiếu • Hán-Nôm : téo • Hán-Nôm : tóe • Hán-Nôm : toé • Hán-Nôm : tiêu
|Hán-Nôm : quĩ
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|
|哨
|匱
|-
|-
|哩
|区
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ) \ The Min Nan form is borrowed from English mile. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ) \ The Min Nan form is borrowed from English mile. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ) \ The Min Nan form is borrowed from English mile. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ) \ The Min Nan form is borrowed from English mile. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ) \ The Min Nan form is borrowed from English mile. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ) \ The Min Nan form is borrowed from English mile.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : le¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : li¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mai ‖  ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄌㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : le¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --li • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --le • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --lee • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mai ‖  ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄞˇ
|(archaic) mile ‖ Used to indicate an interrogative perfective aspect. ‖ (at the end of declarative sentence) Used to indicate continuation of a state or action. • Placed after each item of a list ‖ (a phonetic component) · (Dungan) Marks the perfective aspect. ‖ a meaningless particle ‖ Only used in 哩伽塔.
| ‖ 哩(マイル) • (mairu)
|mile ‖ mile (mi)
|哩 (eum 리 (ri))
|mile
|Hán-Nôm : rị • Hán-Nôm : ré • Hán-Nôm : lí • Hán-Nôm : rí
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|
|哩
|-
|哪
|Written as 那 before the 20th century. \ It is generally considered to be the fusion of 奈何 (OC *naːls ɡaːl, “how”) (Wang, 1990; Sun, 1992; Shimura, 1995), usually citing Gu Yanwu's (顧炎武) commentary on Zuozhuan. Lü (1985) distinguishes between “which” (choosing among several choices), which he derives from 若 (OC *njaɡ), and “how” (asking for something), which he considers to be a fusion of 若何 (OC *njaɡ ɡaːl, “how”). ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄟˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄞˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ná • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nóo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄋㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄋㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naa³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄝˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄛˊ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ná • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nah
|which; what • any • Indefinite determiner. • where • wherever; anywhere; everywhere • (rhetorical question) how (used in rhetorical questions) ‖ Sentence-final particle, equivalent to 啊 (a). ‖ Only used in 哪吒 (Nézhā). ‖ Used to indicate something that should be noticed. ‖ Used in personal names. ‖ Only used in 哪哪. ‖ what • interjection used to express surprise • then why; how
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|哪 • (na) · 哪 • (na) (hangeul 나, McCune–Reischauer na)
| ‖ 区(く) • (ku)
| ‖ ward, section, district
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|
|Hán-Nôm : ná • Hán-Nôm : nư • Hán-Nôm : na • Hán-Nôm : nạ
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|哪
|-
|哮
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : háu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hau • Middle-Chinese : xaew • Middle-Chinese : xaewH
|heavy breathing; wheeze • to roar; to howl
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|
|to howl loudly
|区
|哮 (eum 효 (hyo))
|-
|医
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 匸 (“that which hides; that which stores”) + 矢 (“arrow”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ai³ • Middle-Chinese : 'ejH
|a tool for storing a bow and crossbow
| ‖ 医(い) • (i) ‖ 医(い) • (i)
| ‖ doctor; physician; medicine ‖ doctor • medicine, the healing arts
|医 (eumhun 동개 예 (donggae ye)) ‖ 医 (eumhun 의원 의 (uiwon ui))
|hanja form of 예 (“used in personal names”) • (literary Chinese) hanja form of 예 (“quiver; a tool for storing a bow and crossbow”) ‖ Alternative form of 醫 (“hanja form of 의 (“doctor”)”)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : hao
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|哮
|医
|-
|-
|哼
|卅
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰraːŋ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亨 (OC *qʰaŋʔ, *pqʰraːŋ, *qʰraːŋ) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰraːŋ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亨 (OC *qʰaŋʔ, *pqʰraːŋ, *qʰraːŋ)
|十 (shí, “10”), repeated three times.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄏㄫ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hng⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hm⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hn̍gh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hngh
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa¹ aa⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sa̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siap
|to hum; to croon • to moan; to groan ‖ interjection at the start of a sentence expressing disapproval, disdain, discontent, displeasure, or anger: hmph; humph
|thirty
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|
|(archaic) thirty
|卅 (eumhun 삼십 삽 (samsip sap)) · 卅 (eumhun 서른 삽 (seoreun sap))
|thirty, thirtieth
|Hán-Nôm : tạp • Hán-Nôm : nẫm
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|
|哼 • (hyeong) · 哼 • (hyeong) (hangeul 형)
|卅
|-
|卞
|Variant of 弁 (biàn).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piān • Middle-Chinese : bjenH
|law • impatient; irritable; impetuous; in a hurry • to wrestle with bare hands • (～縣) (historical) Bian County (a county in modern-day Shandong, China) • a surname
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|Hán-Nôm : hanh
|law • rule • rash • hasty
|卞 (eum 변 (byeon))
|to be impatient, in a hurry • excitable
|Hán-Nôm : biện • Hán-Nôm : bèn
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|哼
|卞
|-
|-
|唁
|卧
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋrans) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 言 (OC *ŋan).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gān • Middle-Chinese : ngjenH
|to offer condolences
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|express condolence
|唁 • (eon) · 唁 • (eon) (hangeul 언, revised eon, McCune–Reischauer ŏn)
|express condolence
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|唁
|-
|唉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlɯː, *qɯː, *qrɯː, *qrɯːʔ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 矣 (OC *ɢlɯʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlɯː, *qɯː, *qrɯː, *qrɯːʔ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 矣 (OC *ɢlɯʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ài • Hokkien · Tai-lo : haih ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : haih
|interjection or grunt of agreement; yes; right • sighing interjection; ah; alas ‖ interjection or grunt of agreement; yes; right • sighing interjection; ah; alas • interjection expressing sadness, disappointment, regret, etc.; ah; alas
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|alas
|唉 • (ae) · 唉 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ay)
|ask • answer
|Hán-Nôm : ai • Hán-Nôm : hãy • Hán-Nôm : hởi • Hán-Nôm : hỡi • Hán-Nôm : hễ • Hán-Nôm : hĩ • Hán-Nôm : hơi
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|
|唉
|-
|唧
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsiɡ, *ʔsɯɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 即 (OC *ʔsɯɡ). ‖  ‖  ‖ Borrowed from English jack. Doublet of 積／积 (zik¹).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zit¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Middle-Chinese : tsit • Middle-Chinese : tsik ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zek¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Middle-Chinese : tsit • Middle-Chinese : tsik ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zek¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zik¹
|to spurt; to squirt; to pump ‖ (onomatopoeia) ‖ (Cantonese) Sentence-final particle: · Used to persuade someone. • (Cantonese) Sentence-final particle: · Used to ask or question someone, often in an impatient tone. • (Cantonese) Sentence-final particle: · Used in a tender tone to indicate endearment. • (Cantonese) Sentence-final particle: · Used to indicate gratefulness, usually used with 好彩. ‖ (Cantonese) jack (device for raising and supporting a heavy object) • (Cantonese) to jack (to physically raise using a jack)
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|Hán-Nôm : tức • Hán-Nôm : cơ
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|唧
|卧
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|-
|唬
|卮
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰraːs, *kʷraːɡ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 虎 (OC *qʰlaːʔ) ‖  ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 唬 – see 號 (“to roar”). \ (This character is a variant form of 號). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Middle-Chinese : xaeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛˊ • Middle-Chinese : kwaek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haak³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hó
|angry voice of tiger ‖ voice of bird ‖ Alternative form of 嚇／吓 (“to frighten”) ‖ to frighten or to fool
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹
|(historical) cylindrical wine vessel, often with a lid, handle, and three legs • Classifier for the volume of liquid in one zhi (goblet).
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|唬 • (ho) · 唬 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho)
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|卮 (eum 치 (chi))
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|Hán-Nôm : chi
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|唬
|卮
|-
|-
|售
|卹
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siû • Middle-Chinese : dzyuwH
|to sell • to carry out (a plan); to achieve (something sinister)
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|售 (eumhun 팔 수 (pal su))
|
|
|canonical : 售: Hán Việt readings: thụ 售: Nôm readings: thụ • canonical : thịu
|
|
|售
|卹 • (hyul) · 卹 • (hyul) (hangeul 휼, revised hyul, McCune–Reischauer hyul)
|-
|啃
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 肯 (OC *kʰɯːŋʔ). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang² • Cantonese · Jyutping : han² • Cantonese · Jyutping : kang² • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄣˋ
|to gnaw; to nibble • (figuratively) to delve into; to study or overcome • (onomatopoeic) cough ‖ (colloquial) to eat
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|啃 • (sap) · 啃 • (sap) (hangeul 삽, revised sap, McCune–Reischauer sap)
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|卹
|-
|卻
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaɡ, *kʰaɡ) : phonetic 𧮫 () + semantic 卩.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khioh • Middle-Chinese : kjak • Middle-Chinese : khjak
|to withdraw; to retreat • (literary) to drive back (enemy) • to decline; to refuse • (particle placed after monosyllabic verbs) to do away with • (only sentence-medially) but; yet; however
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|
|Alternative form of 却 (“instead; on the contrary”)
|卻 (eum 각 (gak))
|
|
|啃
|Hán-Nôm : khước
|-
|啄
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rtoːɡ, *toːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 豖 (OC *tʰoɡ) ‖  ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : doek³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : teh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : terh • Middle-Chinese : tuwk • Middle-Chinese : traewk ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : doeng¹ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : top
|to peck (to strike with the beak or bill) • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) with a sharp nose; having a nose shaped like a beak (used especially in compounds) ‖ beak; bill • bulge; protrusion; point; tip • to peck • to bite or hold with the mouth • to swindle; to rip off • to pick on; to target someone personally ‖ (Hokkien, business, gambling) to drive a hard bargain; to economically take advantage of; to exploit economically; to penny-pinch; to profiteer; to swindle; to cheat; to be stingy/miserly with (such as overpricing to favor sellers or undervaluing to favor buyers)
| ‖ 啄(たく) • (taku)
|to peck at ‖ the seventh of the Eight Principles of Yong
|啄 (eum 탁 (tak))
|
|Hán-Nôm : trác • Hán-Nôm : trốc • Hán-Nôm : chác
|
|
|啄
|卻
|-
|-
|啊
|厘
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 阿 (OC *qaːl). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 阿 (OC *qaːl). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 阿 (OC *qaːl). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 阿 (OC *qaːl). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 阿 (OC *qaːl).
|Variant of 釐 by omitting the top part of it.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --a • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --ah ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄚˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa³
|Used by itself to express surprise. ah, oh, ha • Used to express affirmation or exhortation. ‖ Used to indicate doubt or questioning. what?, huh?, eh ‖ Used to indicate puzzled surprise. what? oh? huh? ‖ Used to indicate agreement/approval. ah ‖ Sentence-final particle expressing surprise. • Sentence-final particle expressing exclamation, excitement or enthusiasm. • Sentence-final particle softening the request. • Used in enumerations, for confirmation (often untranslated). • on and on, continuously
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|
|Exclamatory particle
|啊 • (a) · 啊 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a)
|love
|canonical : 啊: Hán Việt readings: a 啊: Nôm readings: a • canonical : à • canonical : ơ • canonical : ạ ‖
| ‖ Nôm form of a (“Used in the beginning of a sentence to indicate questioning: ah, oh, ha”).
|啊
|-
|啡
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰɯːlʔ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl). ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hui ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟˋ • Middle-Chinese : phojX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄞˊ ‖
|Used in transcription. • (chiefly Cantonese) Short for 咖啡 (kāfēi, “coffee”). • (～色) (chiefly Cantonese) brown ‖  ‖  ‖ (Eastern Min, dialectal Hakka) to spit
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|啡 • (bae, bi) · 啡 • (bae, bi) (hangeul 배, 비, revised bae, bi, McCune–Reischauer pae, pi)
|shop, store (廛) • a measure of quantity (釐); most commonly, a unit of currency equaling one-thousandth of one yen, or one-tenth of one sen
|厘 • (ri, jeon) · 厘 • (ri, jeon) (hangeul 리, 전)
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|啡
|厘
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|啤
|厭
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth (phonetic)”) + phonetic 卑. \ Borrowed from English beer. First attested in 1828, in Robert Morrison's Vocabulary of the Canton Dialect. ‖ Borrowed from English pair. \ From 1950 at the earliest. ‖  ‖ Borrowed from English press. ‖  ‖  
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qemʔ, *qems, *qeb) : semantic 厂 + phonetic 猒 (OC *qem, *qems). ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pî ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : pe¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : be¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : be¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : be¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei¹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iàm • Middle-Chinese : 'jiemX • Middle-Chinese : 'jiemH • Middle-Chinese : 'jiep ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ià
|beer • (Hong Kong Cantonese) to drink beer ‖ pair • Classifier for pairs of objects. • Short for 啤牌. · playing card (Classifier: 張／张 c; 副 c; 套 c; 疊／叠 c) • Short for 啤牌. · (by extension) card game ‖ to stare; to glare ‖ to weld; to solder; to press a mould or seal an edge with a machine • to apply pressure to cause something to flow through ‖ (chiefly Cantonese) Used in transcription. ‖ larynx disorder that causes one to be unable to speak loudly • Alternative form of 諀 (bǐ)
|to be satisfied; to be sated • to be fed up with; to grow bored of; to become tired of • to detest; to dislike; to hate • (dialectal Wu) naughty ‖ (Hokkien) to be tired • (Hokkien, Teochew) to be fed up with; to grow bored of; to become tired of
| ‖ 厭(あき) • (aki)
| ‖ disgust • having one's fill; loss of interest
|厭 (eumhun 싫어할 염 (sireohal yeom))
|hanja form of 염 (“to detest”)
|Hán-Nôm : ướm • Hán-Nôm : yếm • Hán-Nôm : ếm • Hán-Nôm : êm • Hán-Nôm : im
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|厭
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|厲
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·rads) : semantic 厂 + abbreviated phonetic 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·rads) : semantic 厂 + abbreviated phonetic 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Middle-Chinese : ljejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ
|fierce; stern • severe; strict • ferocious • (Classical) Same as 礪／砺 (lì, “whetstone; to sharpen”). • (literary) to encourage; to urge • (literary) to raise; to exert • ^† Alternative form of 濿／𪵱 (lì, “to ford”) • a surname ‖ Same as 癩／癞 (lài).
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|whetstone • grind • sharpen • make an effort to • leprosy
|厲 (eum 려 (ryeo))
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|Hán-Nôm : lẹ • Hán-Nôm : lệ
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|Hán-Nôm : bi • Hán-Nôm : bì
|厲
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|参
|Simplified from 參, which is in turn simplified from 曑.
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|啤
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|啦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 拉. ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖ From 了 + 啊 ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄌㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : laa¹ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : --la • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --lah ‖  ‖
|(Mandarin, colloquial) Contraction of 了啊 (le a). · Used at the end of a sentence to indicate a change of state with a strong emotion. • (Mandarin, colloquial) Contraction of 了啊 (le a). · Used at the end of a sentence to inform the beginning of an action with a strong emotion. ‖  ‖ (Cantonese) Placed at the end of a sentence in imperatives making it sound more like a request than an order. • (onomatopoeia) cheering sound ‖ (Southern Min) Placed at the end of a sentence to denote completion of an action. • (Southern Min) Placed at the end of a sentence to denote dissatisfaction and perfunctoriness. • (Philippine Hokkien) Placed at the end of a sentence to denote affirmation. ‖ Placed on the end of a sentence to indicate a yes-no question. ‖ Used to indicate a persistent questioning tone • Used to indicate berating tone
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| ‖ 参(しん) • (shin) ‖ 参(しん) • (Shin) ‖ 参(さん) • (san) ‖ 参(さん) • (san) ‖ 参(さん) • (San) ‖ 参(さん) • (san) ‖ 参(さん) • (san)
| ‖ jagged, uneven • carrot, ginseng ‖ (Chinese astronomy) the Three Stars constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions ‖ a calling, coming • (Zen Buddhism) a gathering of Zen members in meditation, preaching, and invocation ‖ check, verify • add, increase, join (a group, etc.) • go (for a specific purpose, for example) • Short for 参議院 (Sangiin): the House of Councillors (upper house of the Diet) ‖ (Chinese astronomy, rare) the Three Stars constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions • a surname ‖ (law) Financial form of 三 (san): 3, three ‖ Alternative spelling of 三 (san): 3, three • Short for 三河国 (Mikawa-no-kuni): Mikawa Province
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|Hán-Nôm : lạp • Hán-Nôm : láp
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|啦
|参
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|双
|; (Cantonese) to take (a medicine or drug) ‖ ; (Cantonese) to take (a medicine or drug)
|Duplication of 又. \ Simplified from 䨇 (elimination of 雔), which is also a variant form of 雙. \ The earliest known record can be found in Ming dynasty 《俗書刊誤》. \ The character 双 bears superficial similarity to the early form of 友 (yǒu). However, the former is not a direct descendant of the latter.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : baak¹
|(onomatopoeia) pop; pow • (neologism, slang) Synonym of 啪啪啪 (pāpāpā, “to have sex”) • (Cantonese) to take (a medicine or drug) • (Cantonese) to eat quickly • (Cantonese) to break apart something in a snappy manner • (Cantonese) to make a snapping sound ‖ (Cantonese, slang) to execute by firing squad
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| ‖ 双(ふた) • (futa) ‖ 双(そう) • (sō)
| ‖ set of two, pair ‖ pair; double
|双 (eum 쌍 (ssang))
|Alternative form of 雙
|canonical : 双: Hán Việt readings: song 双: Nôm readings: song • canonical : xong • canonical : rông • canonical : rong
|Alternative form of 雙
|双
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|叙
|Unorthodox variant simplified from 敘 (攴 → 又) found in the Tang dynasty orthographic dictionary Ganlu Zishu (干祿字書) and eventually adopted as an official form by the People's Republic of China.
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|to confer; to narrate; to describe
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|啪
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|啼
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deː) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 帝 (OC *teːɡs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tê • Middle-Chinese : dej
|^⁜ to cry loudly; to wail • (dialectal, by extension) to cry; to weep • ^⁜ (of birds or beasts) to call; to cry; to howl • a surname
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|to cry, to call (e.g. as a bird does -- see 鳴く)
|Hán-Nôm : tự
|啼 • (je) · 啼 • (je) (hangeul 제, revised je, McCune–Reischauer che, Yale cey)
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|Hán-Nôm : đề
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|啼
|叙
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|喂
|叟
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 + phonetic 畏 (OC *quls). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 + phonetic 畏 (OC *quls).
|Originally 叜. Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“roof; house”) + 火 (“fire”) + 又 (“hand”) – hand holding a torch in the house – original form of 搜 (“to search”). \ Since the clerical script, the top components 宀 and 火 have merged into the unrelated 𦥔.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : eh ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄨㄟ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄨㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uê
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : só • Middle-Chinese : suwX
|(used to call attention) Hey! ‖ hello?; yes? (greeting, used when responding to a call, such as a phone call) • (dated) Response when spoken to directly face-to-face: yes?
|old man; old gentleman • (honorific) Term of address for an elderly man: sir
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|喂 • (wi) · 喂 • (wi) (hangeul 위)
|叟 (eum 수 (su))
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|Hán-Nôm : ỏi • Hán-Nôm : ói • Hán-Nôm : ôi • Hán-Nôm : òi • Hán-Nôm : uy • Hán-Nôm : hôi • Hán-Nôm : ổi • Hán-Nôm : úi
|Hán-Nôm : tẩu
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|喂
|叟
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|叢
| ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zloːŋ) : semantic 丵 + phonetic 取 (OC *sʰloːʔ, *sʰloʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *C-tsəw-k/ŋ (“to collect; to gather; to assemble”). Cognate with 聚 (OC *zloʔ, *zlos, “to collect; to store”), 族 (OC *zoːɡ, “clan”), 最 (OC *zloːds, “to collect; most”), 稯 (OC *ʔsoːŋ, “sheaf; bundle”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laa³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laa⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍t ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍t ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚˊ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : laa³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : laa⁴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâng • Middle-Chinese : dzuwng
|Only used in 喇叭 (lǎba, “trumpet; bugle”). ‖ Only used in 喇嘛 (lǎma, “lama”). ‖  ‖ (onomatopoeia) sound of wind or rain ‖ Only used in 哈喇子 (hālázi, “saliva”) and 半喇子兒／半喇子儿 (“a half”). ‖ Used at the end of a sentence to indicate a change of state. • Used at the end of a sentence to inform the beginning of an action. ‖ Sentence-final particle expressing surprise and suspicion.
|to collect; to gather; to assemble; to crowd together • bush; shrub; thicket; grove • collection; crowd • (Northern Min, Southern Min) Classifier for plants. • (Hokkien) Classifier for long objects. • a surname
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|喇 • (ral, ra) · 喇 • (ral, ra) (hangeul 랄, 라, revised ral, ra, McCune–Reischauer ral, ra)
|叢 (eum 총 (chong))
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|Hán-Nôm : lạt
|Hán-Nôm : tòng • Hán-Nôm : tùng
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|叢
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|叵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːmʔ, *qʰrɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 咸 (OC *ɡrɯːm).
|A mirror image of 可.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : haam³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiàm • Middle-Chinese : xamX • Middle-Chinese : heamX • Middle-Chinese : xeamX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : po² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phó • Middle-Chinese : phaX
|to shout; to cry; to yell; to howl • to call out for (someone) • (Cantonese) to cry; to sob; to weep • (regional) to address (someone in the specified way when talking to them); to call
|^† Contraction of 不可 (bùkě, “cannot; to be unable to; to be impossible to”). • ^† thereupon • Used in 叵羅／叵罗 (pǒluó).
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|cannot, be unable to
|叵 (eum 파 (pa))
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|喊 (eumhun 소리칠 함 (sorichil ham))
|Hán-Nôm : phả
|hanja form of 함 (“shout”)
|Hán-Nôm : hảm
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|喊
|叵
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|喘
|号
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjonʔ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 耑 (OC *toːn).
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 口 + 丂.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuán • Middle-Chinese : tsyhwenX
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|to pant; to gasp • to breathe • breath; breathing
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|pant • gasp • breathe hard
| ‖ 号(ごう) • (gō) ^(←がう (gau)?) ‖ 号(ごう) • (-gō) ^(←がう (gau)?)
|喘 • (cheon) · 喘 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn)
| ‖ number • art name ‖ ordinal marker, often with prefix 第 (used like -st, -nd, -rd, -th in English)
|号 (eumhun 이름 호 (ireum ho))
|Alternative form of 號 (“hanja form of 호 (“name; number”)”)
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|Hán-Nôm : suyễn • Hán-Nôm : suyển • Hán-Nôm : siễn
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|喘
|号
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|喚
|吊
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷaːns) : semantic 口 + phonetic 奐 (OC *qʰʷaːns).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huàn • Middle-Chinese : xwanH
|to call; to summon
| ‖ 喚(かん) • (kan) ^(←くわん (kwan)?)
| ‖ to shout; to cry • to call; to summon
|喚 (eumhun 부를 환 (bureul hwan))
|hanja form of 환 (“call”)
|Hán-Nôm : hoán
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|喚
|Cantonese · Jyutping : diu³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiò • Middle-Chinese : tewH
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|to condole; to mourn; to pity • to hang • to lift up with a rope • to revoke • Classifier for strings of 1000 copper coins. • Alternative form of 屌 (diǎo, “(vulgar) penis”)
|喧
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷan) : semantic 口 + phonetic 宣 (OC *sqʰon).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hyun¹ • Middle-Chinese : xjwon
|noisy; uproarious; clamouring
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|noisy; uproarious; clamouring • lively
|喧 • (hwon) · 喧 • (hwon) (hangeul 훤, revised hwon, McCune–Reischauer hwŏn)
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|Hán-Nôm : huyên
|吊 (eum 적 (jeok))
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|喧
|Hán-Nôm : điếu
|condole; mourn • (obsolete) to hang
|吊
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|單
|吋
|Characters in the same phonetic series (單) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a net to catch animals. The two boxes at the top are weights, the middle section is the net, the bottom is the rope. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(d/t)a(n/j) (“single; one; whole; only”). Cognate with 但 (OC *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns, “only; but”). ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tan • Middle-Chinese : tan ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siân • Middle-Chinese : dzyen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Siān • Middle-Chinese : dzyenX • Middle-Chinese : dzyenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshùn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˋ
|single; individual; solitary • thin; narrow; faint • simple; uncomplicated • (of clothes) unlined • (mathematics) Short for 單數／单数 (dānshù, “odd”). • (linguistics) Short for 單數／单数 (dānshù, “singular”). • cover; bed sheet • list; register; catalogue • only; merely; simply • and; plus • bill (Classifier: 張／张 c) • (Cantonese) receipt (Classifier: 張／张 c) • (Cantonese) transaction; order (Classifier: 張／张 c) • Classifier for cases, deals and businesses. • (Cantonese, derogatory) Classifier for people. • a surname ‖ to surround • Used in 單于 (chányú). • Used in 單閼／单阏. ‖ (～縣) Shan County (a county of Shandong) • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 嘽／啴 • Alternative form of 繟／𦈎 ‖ Alternative form of 戰／战 (zhàn) • Used in 單至／单至. ‖ (rare) a surname
|Synonym of 英寸 (yīngcùn, “inch”) ‖ to scold
| ‖ 吋(インチ) • (inchi)
| ‖ インチ: inch
|吋 • (chon) · 吋 • (chon) (hangeul 촌, revised chon, McCune–Reischauer ch'on)
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|單 (eumhun 홀 단 (hol dan)) ‖ 單 (eumhun 오랑캐 이름 선 (orangkae ireum seon))
|hanja form of 단 (“single; individual; solitary”) ‖ hanja form of 선 (“a barbarian”)
|Hán-Nôm : đơn • Hán-Nôm : đan • Hán-Nôm : thiền • Hán-Nôm : truyên
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|單
|吋
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|喳
|吒
| ‖ Misinterpreted from Manchu ᠵᡝ (je). Compare Mongolian ᠵᠠ (ǰa) (Cyrillic spelling за (za)).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔr'aːɡs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 乇 (OC *ʔr'aːɡ). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshā ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshà • Middle-Chinese : traeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshia • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tà ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹
|(onomatopoeia) sound of birds tweeting loudly. ‖ (historical, chiefly in novels, movies or dramas) yes (when responding to the emperor or a Manchu official in the Qing dynasty)
|braided hair ‖ Used in names of mythological characters. ‖ Used in place names.
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|喳 (eum 사 (sa))
|吒 • (ta, tak) · 吒 • (ta, tak) (hangeul 타, 탁, revised ta, tak, McCune–Reischauer t'a, t'ak)
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|Hán-Nôm : tra
|Hán-Nôm : tra • Hán-Nôm : cha • Hán-Nôm : chá • Hán-Nôm : sá • Hán-Nôm : xá
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|喳
|吒
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|喻
|吳
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *los) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *los) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo).
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 口 (“mouth”) + 夨 (“man with tilted head”) – to speak loudly. \ ; "to shout" ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jū • Middle-Chinese : yuH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gôo • Middle-Chinese : ngu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ
|to inform; to notify; to explain • to understand; to know • to draw an analogy; to liken; to use a metaphor • a surname ‖ ^† Alternative form of 愉 (yú, “happy”)
|to speak loudly; to shout • big • (historical) (～國) Wu, a state during the Western Zhou dynasty and the Spring and Autumn period • (historical) (～國) Eastern Wu, one of the Three Kingdoms • (historical) (～國) Wu, one of the Ten Kingdoms in eastern China which was in existence from 907 to 937 • the region comprising southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang • Wu; the Chinese dialects of that territory, including Suzhounese and Shanghainese • (～市) Kure (a city in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan) • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 虞 (yú)
| ‖
|Extended shinjitai form of 喩 ‖
|喻 • (yu) · 喻 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
|
|
|canonical : 喻: Hán Việt readings: dụ • canonical : du 喻: Nôm readings: dụ • canonical : dầu • canonical : dẫu • canonical : dỗ • canonical : nhủ • canonical : rủ • canonical : dẩu
|China • to give something, to do something for someone
|chữ Hán form of dụ (“allegory, metaphor, to explain”).
|吳 (eumhun 성씨 오 (seongssi o)) · 吳 (eumhun 큰소리칠 화 (keunsorichil hwa))
|喻
|
|-
|Hán-Nôm : ngô
|嗓
|chữ Hán form of Ngô (“a surname”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋaːŋʔ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 桑 (OC *sŋaːŋ). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s(j)a(m/ŋ) (“throat”) (STEDT).
|吳
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : song¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : song² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sóng
|-
|(anatomy) throat • voice
|呃
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːɡs, *qreːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 厄 (OC *qreːɡ). ‖ Compare Zhuang ngaek (“to take advantage of someone”). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : eh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e̍rh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : èr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : erh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : è ‖  ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄜ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aai³ • Middle-Chinese : 'eajH
|to belch • to hiccup; to hiccough • um; uh; er (An interjection said when hesitating in speech) • (onomatopoeia) chicken call ‖ (Cantonese) to deceive; to fool • (Cantonese) to swindle ‖ Used to indicate approval or shock. ‖
|
|
|
|
|嗓 (eum 상 (sang))
|呃 (eum 애 (ae))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tảng • Hán-Nôm : tang • Hán-Nôm : tãng • Hán-Nôm : sãng
|Hán-Nôm : ách • Hán-Nôm : nhách • Hán-Nôm : ải
|
|
|嗓
|呃
|-
|-
|嗚
|呎
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaː) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 烏 (OC *qaː).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Middle-Chinese : 'u
|(onomatopoeia) Sound of sobbing or crying.
|
|
|(expression) oh, ah, alas • to weep
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshik
|嗚 • (o) · 嗚 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o)
|(dated in Mainland China and Taiwan, still used in Hong Kong) Synonym of 英尺 (yīngchǐ, “foot”) • (Hong Kong) square foot
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ô • Hán-Nôm : o • Hán-Nôm : ọ • Hán-Nôm : ỏ • Hán-Nôm : u • Hán-Nôm : ú
|foot
|呎 (eum 척 (cheok))
|foot
|Hán-Nôm : xích • Hán-Nôm : xếch
|
|
|嗚
|呎
|-
|-
|嗜
|呐
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sī • Middle-Chinese : dzyijH
|to be addicted to; to indulge in; to have weakness for • to covet
|
|
|like • prefer
|嗜 • (gi) · 嗜 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thị
|
|
|嗜
|-
|嗡
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qloːŋ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 翁 (OC *qloːŋ). ‖ Semantic loan from Sanskrit ॐ (oṃ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ong ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄛㄫ
|(onomatopoeia) buzzing; droning; humming ‖ (Buddhism) om
|
|
|呐 • (nul, yeol) · 呐 • (nul, yeol) (hangeul 눌, 열, McCune–Reischauer nul, yŏl)
|
|
|嗡 (eumhun 소 울음 옹 (so ureum ong))
|
|
|canonical : 嗡: Hán Việt readings: ông • canonical : án 嗡: Nôm readings: óng • canonical : ông
|
|
|嗡
|呐
|-
|-
|嗣
|呱
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sû • Middle-Chinese : ziH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaa² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuā • Middle-Chinese : ku
|(literary) to inherit; to continue • (literary) descendants • (literary) heir; successor • (literary) soon after
|
|
|to inherit; to succeed (take over a position). See the variant form: 継ぐ.
|嗣 • (sa) · 嗣 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tự
|
|
|嗣
|呱 • (go) · 呱 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko)
|-
|嗽
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloːɡs, *sroːɡ, *sloːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 欶 (OC *sloːɡs, *sroːɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sàu • Middle-Chinese : suwH • Middle-Chinese : suwk • Middle-Chinese : sraewk
|to cough
| ‖ 嗽(うがい) • (ugai) ^(←うがひ (ugafi)?) ‖
| ‖ gargling ‖ gargle
|嗽 • (su) · 嗽 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : sấu
|Hán-Nôm : oa
|
|
|嗽
|呱
|-
|-
|嘀
|呶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 啇. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 啇.
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : nraew
|An onomatopoeia. ‖ Used in 嘀咕 (dígu).
|to clamour
|
|
|
|
|呶 • (no) · 呶 • (no) (hangeul 노, revised no, McCune–Reischauer no)
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đích
|
|
|嘀
|呶
|-
|-
|嘉
|呷
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːl) : semantic 壴 + phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰraːb) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb). ‖  ‖ This orthography is influenced by Mandarin.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kee • Middle-Chinese : kae
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hap • Middle-Chinese : xaep ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsia̍h
|excellent; good • auspicious • to praise, commend
|to sip; to suck; to drink ‖ Alternative form of 嘎 (“to quack (like a duck)”) • Alternative form of 嘎 (“to laugh”) ‖ (chiefly Southern Min) Alternative form of 食 (“to eat; to drink; to take in”)
|
|
|praise • auspicious
|嘉 (eum 가 (ga))
|beautiful • happy, joyous
|Hán-Nôm : gia
|
|
|嘉
|呷 • (hap) · 呷 • (hap) (hangeul 합)
|-
|嘗
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djaŋ) : phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 旨 (“will; intention”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siáng • Middle-Chinese : dzyang
|to taste; to try the flavour • to attempt; to try • to experience • (literary) ever; once • a surname
|
|
|once • before • formerly • ever • never • ex- • lick • lap up • burn up • taste • undergo • underrate • despise
|嘗 • (sang) · 嘗 • (sang) (hangeul 상, revised sang, McCune–Reischauer sang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thường
|
|
|嘗
|呷
|-
|-
|嘛
|呸
| ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 + phonetic 丕. ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --ma • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --mah ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˊㄦ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁴ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : mā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mǎ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˊ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : mà
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuì ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuì
|(suggests that the preceding is obvious, sometimes impatient in tone): Of course! • Signals a pause in a sentence, sometimes used to get the listener's attention. • Used at the end of an imperative or request to express expectation or dissuasion. ‖ (dialectal) what ‖ Only used in 喇嘛 (lǎma). ‖ (Southern Min) also ‖ Only used in 唵嘛呢叭咪吽 (ǎn mānī bēimēi hōng). ‖ Only used in 嘛嘛吼 (mamahǒu).
|(strong, offensive) bah!; ugh! ‖ (Southern Min) to spit
|
|
|嘛 • (ma) · 嘛 • (ma) (hangeul 마, revised ma, McCune–Reischauer ma, Yale ma)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ma
|
|
|嘛
|呸 (eum 비 (bi))
|-
|嘴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔseʔ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 觜 (OC *ʔse, *ʔse, *ʔseʔ). \ Related to 觜 (OC *ʔse, *ʔse, *ʔseʔ, “horn-like hair on the owl-head; beak of a bird; mouth”). \ Further etymology is unknown. Schuessler (2007) relates it to Tibetan མཚུལ་པ (mtshul pa, “lower part of the face; muzzle; beak”), which is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ts(j)ul (“lip; beak”) (STEDT).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄟˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄟˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuí
|(anatomy) mouth (especially the part of the face associated with the mouth) (Classifier: 張／张 m) • (figurative) mouth-like object; beak; nozzle; spout (of a teapot, etc.) • (figurative) food • (figurative) utterance; spoken words; speech • (Cantonese) to kiss • (literary) beak
| ‖ 嘴(くちばし) • (kuchibashi) ‖ 嘴(はし) • (hashi)
|beak; bill ‖ (anatomy) beak; bill ‖ (anatomy) beak; bill
|嘴 (eum 취 (chwi))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : chủy • Hán-Nôm : chuỷ
|Hán-Nôm : phi • Hán-Nôm : bậy • Hán-Nôm : phôi
|
|
|嘴
|呸
|-
|-
|嘶
|咀
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *seː) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 斯 (OC *se).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaʔ, *zaʔ) : semantic 口 (“speech”) + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-dz(j)a-k/n/t/s (“to eat; food; to feed; rice”); cognate with Tibetan ཟ (za, “to eat”), Burmese စား (ca:, “to eat”), Chepang [script needed] (jeʔ-sa, “to eat”), Japhug ndza (“to eat”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019). Possibly related to 餐 (OC *sʰaːn, “to eat; meal”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Middle-Chinese : sej
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsóo • Middle-Chinese : dzjoX • Middle-Chinese : tsjoX
|neighing of a horse • husky throated; gravel voiced • (of birds; insects) mournful murmur; whimpering • (onomatopoeia, of various sounds) eg. sound of paper being shredded; sobbing
|to chew; to masticate
|
|to neigh, to whinny
|嘶 • (si) · 嘶 • (si) (hangeul 시, revised si, McCune–Reischauer si)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tê
|
|
|嘶
|咀 • (jeo) · 咀 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ)
|-
|嘹
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Middle-Chinese : lew • Middle-Chinese : lewH
|Hán-Nôm : trớ
|(of sound) clear and melodious
|
|
|used to describe clearness of voice
|咀
|嘹 • (ryo) · 嘹 • (ryo) (hangeul 료, revised ryo, McCune–Reischauer ryo)
|used describe clarity of voice • resonant
|Hán-Nôm : rêu
|
|嘹
|-
|-
|嘻
|咆
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰɯ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 喜 (OC *qʰlɯʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi • Middle-Chinese : xi
|(interjection) expression of surprise • (onomatopoeia) representation for laughter
|
|
|mirthful • happy • interjection
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâu • Middle-Chinese : baew
|嘻 • (hui) · 嘻 • (hui) (hangeul 희, revised hui, McCune–Reischauer hŭi)
|harmony • laugh
|Hán-Nôm : hi • Hán-Nôm : hảy • Hán-Nôm : hề • Hán-Nôm : hì • Hán-Nôm : hí
|
|
|嘻
|-
|嘿
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : heh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --heh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --hennh
|hey (used to get attention, or express admiration or surprise) • hah; hee; lol • (Taiwan) yeah; yes
|
|
|咆 • (po) · 咆 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o)
|
|
|嘿 • (muk) · 嘿 • (muk) (hangeul 묵, revised muk, McCune–Reischauer muk)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hải
|
|
|嘿
|咆
|-
|-
|噩
|咎
|The same character as 咢, both ultimately derived from or identical to 喪, see there for more.
|Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 夊 (“foot”) + 人 (“person”). Later 口 was added, making the modern form an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 各 + 人. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : go̍k • Middle-Chinese : ngak
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiǔ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiū • Middle-Chinese : gjuwX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠ • Middle-Chinese : kaw
|frightening; startling; shocking; ill-omened
|fault; defect; error; mistake • calamity; misfortune • to blame; to punish; to find fault ‖ Alternative form of 鼛 (gāo, “large drum”) • a surname • Alternative form of 皋 (gāo, “a surname”):
|
|
|bad • ill-omened • unlucky
|fault • blame
|噩 • (ak) · 噩 • (ak) (hangeul 악, revised ak, McCune–Reischauer ak)
|咎 • (gu, go) · 咎 • (gu, go) (hangeul 구, 고, revised gu, go, McCune–Reischauer ku, ko)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ngạc
|canonical : 咎: Hán Việt readings: cữu
|
|
|噩
|咎
|-
|-
|噪
|咚
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *saːws) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 喿 (OC *saːws, “to chirp”). \ Originally written 喿, see there for more.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sò • Middle-Chinese : sawH
|(literary) to chirp; to cry • to clamor; to make an uproar; to make a racket
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dung¹
|(onomatopoeia) ratatat (sound of a drum or repeated hits) • (onomatopoeia) boom; thump; thud (sound of a drum or something falling)
|
|
|噪 • (jo) · 噪 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : táo • Hán-Nôm : tháo
|
|
|噪
|-
|噴
|Characters in the same phonetic series (奔) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰɯːn, *pʰɯːns, *pɯns) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 賁 (OC *prals, *bɯl, *pɯːn, *bɯn) \ STEDT compares it to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m/s-prat ~ *pran (“to sprinke; to spray”), whence Burmese ဖျန်း (hpyan:, “to spray, to sprinkle”). On the other hand, Schuessler (2007) compares it to Mizo phuh (“to blow out of the mouth”), Tibetan ཕུ་བ (phu ba, “to blow”). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (奔) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰɯːn, *pʰɯːns, *pɯns) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 賁 (OC *prals, *bɯl, *pɯːn, *bɯn) \ STEDT compares it to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m/s-prat ~ *pran (“to sprinke; to spray”), whence Burmese ဖျန်း (hpyan:, “to spray, to sprinkle”). On the other hand, Schuessler (2007) compares it to Mizo phuh (“to blow out of the mouth”), Tibetan ཕུ་བ (phu ba, “to blow”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phùn • Middle-Chinese : phwon • Middle-Chinese : phwonH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ
|to spurt; to gush; to jet out • to spray • (colloquial, slang) to angrily rebuke or scold • (of smell) strong; fragrant • (colloquial) busy season (of something) • Classifier for the number of times a plant blooms, bears fruits, ripens or is harvested. ‖ ^† to play a wind instrument
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|erupt, spew
|噴 (eumhun 뿜을 분 (ppumeul bun))
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|Hán-Nôm : phun • Hán-Nôm : phún • Hán-Nôm : phôn
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|噴
|咚
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|-
|嚇
|咦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰraːɡs, *qʰraːɡ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 赫 (OC *qʰraːɡ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/d-krwak (“frighten”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan སྐྲག་ (skrag), Burmese ကြောက် (krauk), Lashi kyuk (Hill, 2019). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰraːɡs, *qʰraːɡ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 赫 (OC *qʰraːɡ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/d-krwak (“frighten”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan སྐྲག་ (skrag), Burmese ကြောက် (krauk), Lashi kyuk (Hill, 2019). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰraːɡs, *qʰraːɡ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 赫 (OC *qʰraːɡ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/d-krwak (“frighten”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan སྐྲག་ (skrag), Burmese ကြောက် (krauk), Lashi kyuk (Hill, 2019).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hril) : semantic 口 + phonetic 夷 (OC *lil). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hril) : semantic 口 + phonetic 夷 (OC *lil).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haak³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : herk • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiannh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : heeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hennh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : heh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hat • Middle-Chinese : xaeH • Middle-Chinese : xaek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hennh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : he̍nnh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : henn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiannh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : heh • Middle-Chinese : xaek ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : hánn
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Middle-Chinese : xjij
|(transitive) to frighten; to scare • (intransitive) to be afraid; to be scared; to be frightened • to threaten; to intimidate • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) Used to express intimidation ‖ Used to express disapproval, discontent, or resentment: tut-tut; humph • Used to express astonishment. • (Hokkien) Used to express a positive response: that's right; right • (Hokkien) Placed at the end of a sentence to indicate doubt: isn’t it so? ‖ (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to threaten; to intimidate; to frighten • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to cow someone to submission
|An interjection used to express confusion. huh? • (Cantonese) Expression of disgust. ew ‖ smiling
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|嚇 • (ha, hyeok) · 嚇 • (ha, hyeok) (hangeul 하, 혁, revised ha, hyeok, McCune–Reischauer ha, hyŏk)
|咦 • (i, jae) · 咦 • (i, jae) (hangeul 이, 재, revised i, jae, McCune–Reischauer i, chae)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : hách • Hán-Nôm : hạ
|Hán-Nôm : gì • Hán-Nôm : di • Hán-Nôm : ri
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|
|嚇
|咦
|-
|-
|嚎
|咧
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 + phonetic 豪 (OC *ɡaːw). ‖  
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth; speech”) + phonetic 列 (OC *red). ‖  ‖  ‖ See 佇咧. ‖  ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : âu ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lit⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : le² • Cantonese · Jyutping : le¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : le⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍t ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄌㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : le̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --leh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lér • Hokkien · Tai-lo : teh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : leh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lé ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --leh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --le ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē
|(of an animal) to roar; to howl • (of people) to shout • (dialectal) to cry; to weep ‖ Sentence-final particle used to indicate a rebuting tone. • Used to indicate surprise.
|To grimace ‖ to draw back the corners of one's mouth ‖ (dialectal) ‖ (Southern Min) in the process of; currently (placed before the verb) • (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang and Philippine Hokkien) in; at; on (placed after verbs indicating a change of location or position) • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) give something a go; give something a try ‖ Sentence-final particle signalling emphasis of the preceding words. • Sentence-final interrogative particle used to express doubt. ‖ (Tong'an Hokkien) to joke; to kid; to make a joke; to joke around
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|嚎 • (ho) · 嚎 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho)
|咧 • (ryeol) · 咧 • (ryeol) (hangeul 렬)
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|Hán-Nôm : hào • Hán-Nôm : gào
|Hán-Nôm : lác • Hán-Nôm : sẹt • Hán-Nôm : liệt • Hán-Nôm : sèn • Hán-Nôm : xẹt
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|嚎
|咧
|-
|-
|嚴
|咫
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋam) : semantic 喦 (“talkative”) + phonetic 敢 (OC *klaːmʔ, “daring”) – the original script of 譀 (OC *qʰlaːms, *qʰraːms, *qʰraːb, “exaggerated and absurd words”). \ The meanings of “solemn” and “stern” may be a result of phonetic borrowing. \ Schuessler (2007) considers 嚴 (OC *ŋam) to be cognate with the following: \ * 巖 (OC *ŋraːm, “(of mountains) high; lofty”) \ * 儼 (OC *ŋamʔ, “dignified; majestic”) \ * 險 (OC *qʰramʔ, “precipitous; dangerous”) \ * 業 (OC *ŋab, “lofty; large”) (an allofam with a stop final). \ They are all Sino-Tibetan in origin. Cognates in Tibetan include Tibetan རྔམ་པ་ (rngam pa, “splendor; majesty”) and Tibetan རྔམས (rngams, “height; splendor”). Burmese ငြမ်း (ngram:, “scaffold”) may also be a cognate.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kljeʔ) : semantic 尺 (“ruler; measuring stick”) + phonetic 只 (OC *klje, *kljeʔ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gêm • Middle-Chinese : ngjaem
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsí • Middle-Chinese : tsyeX
|strict; rigorous; rigid • solemn; majestic; stately; grave • urgent; pressing • severe; intense • (of a door, mouth, defense, etc.) tight • (literary) to respect • (literary) to fear • (honorific) father • a surname
|unit of measurement during the Zhou dynasty, equal to eight cun/tsun (寸) • few; little • short
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| ‖ 咫(あた) • (ata) ‖ 咫(た) • (ta) ‖ 咫(し) • (shi)
|Kyūjitai form of 厳 (strictness, severity, rigidity)
| ‖ (historical, archaic) roughly corresponds to the hand (traditional unit of length; in Japan, described as originally the distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the middle finger (or possibly index finger) with the hand outstretched, often defined as eight 寸 (sun, “traditional inch”) or roughly 18cm) ‖ (historical, archaic) roughly corresponds to the hand (traditional unit of length; in Japan, described as originally the distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the middle finger (or possibly index finger) with the hand outstretched, often defined as eight 寸 (sun, “traditional inch”) or roughly 18cm) ‖ (historical, archaic) roughly corresponds to the hand (traditional unit of length; in Japan, described as originally the distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the middle finger (or possibly index finger) with the hand outstretched, often defined as eight 寸 (sun, “traditional inch”) or roughly 18cm)
|嚴 • (eom) · 嚴 • (eom) (hangeul 엄, revised eom, McCune–Reischauer ŏm)
|strict, rigorous, rigid • stern
|Hán-Nôm : nghiêm • Hán-Nôm : ngàm
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|嚴
|-
|嚷
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njaŋʔ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 襄 (OC *snaŋ) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njaŋʔ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 襄 (OC *snaŋ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiáng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jióng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄤˇ
|to shout; to cry out • to make an uproar, to brawl • (dialectal) to criticize ‖ Synonym of 嚷 (rǎng) Only used in 嚷嚷 (rāngrang).
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|canonical : 咫: Hán Việt readings: chỉ 咫: Nôm readings: chỉ
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|嚷 • (yang) · 嚷 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang)
|咫
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|Hán-Nôm : nhượng • Hán-Nôm : nhằng • Hán-Nôm : nhương • Hán-Nôm : nhướng • Hán-Nôm : nhưỡng
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|嚷
|-
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|嚼
|咯
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zewɢ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 爵 (OC *ʔsewɢ). \ Schuessler (2003) links this word with Proto-Mon-Khmer *caʔ (“to eat”). Also compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dzaʔ (“to eat”). ‖  
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ). ‖ ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖ Contraction of 咯樣／咯样 ‖ Contraction of 咯一
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsio̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Middle-Chinese : dzjak ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsia̍uh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshia̍uh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiauh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiauh
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kha̍k ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄌㄛ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko̍k ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok⁶ ‖  ‖  ‖
|(transitive) to chew; to masticate; to crunch ‖ (Hokkien) to chatter; to prattle; to talk incessantly (used mainly in compounds) • (Hokkien) to chatter; to prattle; to talk incessantly (used mainly in compounds) · (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippine and Taiwanese Hokkien) to be fond of talking; to chatter • (Taiwanese Hokkien, music, dated) paiban (played by hitting it on one's palm or knee) • (Taiwanese Hokkien, music, dated) sound of a paiban • (Taiwanese Hokkien, music, dated) to play the paiban • (Taiwanese Hokkien, dated) to jump in a bouncing way like a rabbit
|to expel from the throat • an interjection, the sound of coughing ‖ (chiefly Cantonese) Sentence-final particle indicating that something is obvious. ‖ Used in 咯噠／咯哒. • an interjection, the sound of coughing, chicken's clucking, etc. • (Hokkien) sound of hens clucking • (Mainland China Hokkien) sound of swallowing • (Mainland China Hokkien) to take a big gulp quickly ‖ Only used in 吡咯 (bǐluò). ‖ (Xiang) this ‖ (Xiang) so; such ‖ (Xiang) this
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|嚼 • (jak) · 嚼 • (jak) (hangeul 작, revised jak, McCune–Reischauer chak)
|咯 • (gak) · 咯 • (gak) (hangeul 각, revised gak, McCune–Reischauer kak)
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|Hán-Nôm : tước
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|嚼
|-
|囊
|Characters in the same phonetic series (襄) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) – a tied bag (𣒚), with various items in it (𤕦). 𤕦 also serves as a phonetic element. There are many alternative forms. In the modern, standard form, the bottom turned into an abbreviated form of 襄, with the result that the character is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *naːŋ) : abbreviated semantic 㯻 (“bag”) + abbreviated phonetic 襄 (OC *snaŋ). \ Possibly Sino-Tibetan; compare Burmese နွှင် (hnwang, “to skin; to peel off”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄤˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : long • Middle-Chinese : nang ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : long²
|bag; sack; pouch; pocket • to bag; to put into a bag • to cover • (Hokkien) to wear; to put on • (Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien) to put into • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to fool; to trick; to trap • a surname ‖ interior; contents • (of a structure) shell; skeleton • framework; outline; gist
| ‖
|bag • purse • sack • put in bag ‖
|囊 (eumhun 주머니 낭 (jumeoni nang))
|pocket • bag
|Hán-Nôm : nang • Hán-Nôm : nẵng
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|囊
|咯
|-
|-
|囤
|咻
| ‖  
| ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tyun⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : teon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tún • Middle-Chinese : dwonX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǔn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tún • Middle-Chinese : dwonX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiu • Middle-Chinese : xjuw • Middle-Chinese : xjuX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu¹
|to store up; to hoard ‖ grain basket; bin for grain
| ‖ (Cantonese, archaic) Alternative form of 嘵／哓 (“perfective aspect particle”)
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|囤 • (don) · 囤 • (don) (hangeul 돈, revised don, McCune–Reischauer ton)
|咻 • (hyu) · 咻 • (hyu) (hangeul 휴, revised hyu, McCune–Reischauer hyu)
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|Hán-Nôm : độn • Hán-Nôm : đụn
|Hán-Nôm : hưu • Hán-Nôm : hiu
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|囤
|咻
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|-
|圃
|哂
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paːʔ, *paːs) : semantic 囗 + phonetic 甫 (OC *paʔ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hjɯnʔ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 西 (OC *sɯːl)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou² • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phóo • Middle-Chinese : puX • Middle-Chinese : puH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : can² • Middle-Chinese : syinX
|(literally and figuratively) garden • gardener • lush; luxuriant
|to smile • to laugh at, sneer at
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|圃 • (po) · 圃 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o)
|哂 • (sin) · 哂 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin)
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|Hán-Nôm : bo
|Hán-Nôm : thẩn
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|圃
|哂
|-
|-
|圈
|唇
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰron, *ɡronʔ, *kʰon, *ɡlonʔ, *ɡlons) : semantic 囗 + phonetic 卷 (OC *ɡron, *kronʔ, *krons, *ɡonʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰron, *ɡronʔ, *kʰon, *ɡlonʔ, *ɡlons) : semantic 囗 + phonetic 卷 (OC *ɡron, *kronʔ, *krons, *ɡonʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰron, *ɡronʔ, *kʰon, *ɡlonʔ, *ɡlons) : semantic 囗 + phonetic 卷 (OC *ɡron, *kronʔ, *krons, *ɡonʔ).
| ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuān • Middle-Chinese : gjwonX • Middle-Chinese : gjwenX • Middle-Chinese : gjwonH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hyun¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄢㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khian ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun⁶
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Middle-Chinese : tsyin • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Middle-Chinese : tsyin • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˋ
|pen; sty; fold • state; city • (neologism, Internet slang, derogatory by comparison to sense 1) Alternative form of 圈 (quān, “social circle; community”) • a surname: Juan ‖ to enclose; to encircle; to circle • to mark with a circle • to bend; to angle; to curve • circle; ring; loop • (Wu) earring • area; circle • social circle; connections; group • trap; trick; trickery • Classifier for laps of a race, loops, orbits, etc. ‖ to shut in a pen; to pen in • to lock up; to jail • to confine
|terrified ‖ sound of fear; trembling
| ‖ 唇(くちびる) • (kuchibiru)
|lip ‖ lips
|唇 • (jin) · 唇 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin)
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|
|range • orbit • sphere
|Hán-Nôm : thần • Hán-Nôm : chấn • Hán-Nôm : thuấn • Hán-Nôm : chuấn • Hán-Nôm : chuần • Hán-Nôm : truần • Hán-Nôm : truấn • Hán-Nôm : suấn • Hán-Nôm : suần • Hán-Nôm : sươn • Hán-Nôm : sun • Hán-Nôm : chúm • Hán-Nôm : chún
|圈 (eumhun 우리 권 (uri gwon))
|hanja form of 권 (“circle; sphere”) • hanja form of 권 (“area; region”) • hanja form of 권 (“pen (for animals)”)
|Hán-Nôm : khuyên • Hán-Nôm : khoen • Hán-Nôm : quyên • Hán-Nôm : quyền
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|圈
|唇
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|國
|唔
|Characters in the same phonetic series (或) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷɯːɡ) : semantic 囗 (“closure”) + phonetic 或 (OC *ɡʷɯːɡ). \ The k-prefix derivation of 域 (OC *ɢʷrɯɡ, “boundary; territory”). Cognate with 閾 (OC *qʰʷrɯɡ, “threshold”) and 囿 (OC *ɢʷɯs, *ɡʷɯ, “park; garden”). \ No obvious outside cognate exists. It may be related to Burmese ကွက် (kwak, “to be marked with a square or circular pattern; to be confined to a certain area”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Belongs to the *m- series of negatives; see 無 (OC *ma, “no”) for more. Cognate with the syllabic negative 毋 (m̄, m̀) in Hokkien and Hakka. ‖  ‖ Onomatopoeic. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kok • Middle-Chinese : kwok
| ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㆭˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄯˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : m⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ
|country; nation; nation-state; kingdom • (obsolete) capital • (obsolete) to make a place the capital city; to establish a capital • (obsolete or in compounds) place; region • (in compounds) national; representing a nation • Short for 國語／国语 (guóyǔ, “Mandarin”). • Short for 國民黨／国民党 (Guómíndǎng, “Kuomintang”). • domestic; of our country (in many contexts meaning Chinese) • Classifier for countries (quasi-measure word). • a surname
|(Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka) not (negator) ‖ Used to express agreement or permission: mhm; uh-huh • Used to express surprise. • Alternative form of 嗯: Used to express doubt. • (Cantonese) Used to express hesitation or thinking: hmm ‖ Only used in 咿唔 (yīwú, “sound of recitation”). ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 寤 (wù, “to wake”)
| ‖ 國(くに) • (kuni)
|
|country, nation, nation-state ‖ a land, a country
|reading voice
|國 (eumhun 나라 국 (nara guk))
|唔 • (o) · 唔 • (o) (hangeul 오)
|hanja form of 국 (“country; state; nation”) [affix]
|
|canonical : 國: Hán Việt readings: quốc 國: Nôm readings: cuốc • canonical : quốc
|Hán-Nôm : ngô
|chữ Hán form of quốc (“nation; state; country”).
|
|國
|唔
|-
|-
|圍
|唳
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷɯl, *ɢʷɯls) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 囗 (“enclosure”) + phonetic 韋 (OC *ɢʷɯl, “to surround”).
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Middle-Chinese : hjw+j • Middle-Chinese : hjw+jH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lit⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁶ • Middle-Chinese : lejH • Middle-Chinese : let
|to surround; to encircle; to corral • all sides • girth • (often in Guangdong and Hong Kong place names) walled village (Classifier: 條／条 c) • (Cantonese) Classifier for number of tables at a restaurant or a feast. (usually twelve people per table) • (Cantonese) to tally; to calculate (an amount) • (medicine) peri-
|
|
|to surround, encircle
|
|
|cry • honking of birds • droning of cicadas
|唳 • (ryeo) · 唳 • (ryeo) (hangeul 려, revised ryeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ)
|cry of bird • cry
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : vi • Hán-Nôm : vè • Hán-Nôm : vây • Hán-Nôm : vầy • Hán-Nôm : ví
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|
|圍
|唳
|-
|-
|圓
|唷
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢon) : semantic 囗 + phonetic 員 (OC *ɢon, *ɢun).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : înn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uân • Middle-Chinese : zjwen • Middle-Chinese : hjwen
|(mathematics) circle • circular; round • complete; thorough • tactful • to complete • (numismatics) yuan; dollar; yen; won • (dialectal Cantonese, Teochew, Singapore Hokkien) glutinous rice ball
| ‖  
| ‖  
|round; circle • yen ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ó ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ó
|圓 (eumhun 둥글 원 (dunggeul won))
|A particle used to express surprise or query ‖ (Quanzhou and Philippine Hokkien) Emphatic final particle used to make requests
|hanja form of 원 (“circle”) • hanja form of 원 (“won”)
|Hán-Nôm : viên • Hán-Nôm : vin
|
|
|圓
|-
|圖
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 囗 (“walled city”) + 啚. \ 啚 is the early form of 鄙 (OC *prɯʔ, “remote areas”), thus meaning “territory”.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : tou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Middle-Chinese : du
|diagram; plot (Classifier: 張／张 m; 幅 m) • chart; map; picture; image (Classifier: 張／张 m c; 幅 m c) • intention; wish • to draw; to paint • to plan; to plot; to scheme • to try to gain; to seek
|
|
|drawing; picture; diagram; figure; illustration; chart; graph • sight; scene
|唷 • (yuk) · 唷 • (yuk) (hangeul 육, revised yuk, McCune–Reischauer yuk)
|圖 (eumhun 그림 도 (geurim do))
|hanja form of 도 (“painting”) • hanja form of 도 (“stamp, seal”) • hanja form of 도 (“book”)
|Hán-Nôm : đồ
|to trace (a drawing or painting) • to duplicate (a drawing or painting)
|圖
|-
|團
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doːn) : semantic 囗 + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄢˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̍gh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuânn • Middle-Chinese : dwan
|sphere; ball; circle • to roll (into a ball) • mass; lump • Classifier for round, lumpy, or amorphous objects. • group; collective; panel; team; organization • group; collective; panel; team; organization · tour group arranged by travel agency • (figurative, in compounds) tightly; completely; as an inseparable collective (suggestive of circles or tightly knit groups) • (military) regiment; corps • (military or paramilitary) formation; troops; armed organization • (Mainland China) Short for 共青團／共青团 (gòngqīngtuán, “Communist Youth League”). • (graph theory) clique
|
|
|association
|團 (eumhun 둥글 단 (dunggeul dan))
|hanja form of 단 (“group”)
|Hán-Nôm : đoàn
|group • party • corps
|團
|-
|圾
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sap ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ
|Only used in 垃圾 (lājī, “garbage; rubbish”). ‖ clod
|
|
|
|
|圾 (eumhun 위태할 급 (witaehal geup))
|唷
|-
|唸
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tɯːms, *tɯːns) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 念 (OC *nɯːms, “to read”).
|
|
|canonical : 圾: Hán Việt readings: ngập 圾: Nôm readings: ngập
|
|
|圾
|-
|址
|Characters in the same phonetic series (止) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kjɯʔ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsí • Middle-Chinese : tsyiX
|location; address; site • ground; foundation
| ‖ 址(し) • (shi)
| ‖ (architecture) base of a structure • remains, ruins
|址 (eum 지 (ji))
|
|
|canonical : 址: Hán Việt readings: chỉ 址: Nôm readings: chỉ • canonical : xởi
|groan, roar
|唸 • (jeom, jeon) · 唸 • (jeom, jeon) (hangeul 점, 전, revised jeom, jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏm, chŏn)
|
|
|址
|Hán-Nôm : nếm • Hán-Nôm : điếm • Hán-Nôm : điệm • Hán-Nôm : niệm
|-
|坎
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoːmʔ, *kʰoːms) : semantic 土 (“earth; soil”) + phonetic 欠 (OC *kʰoms).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : ham² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khám • Middle-Chinese : khomX
|(literary) pit; hole • bank or ridge between fields • critical juncture (Classifier: 道 m) • 6th of the 8 trigrams (☵) • 29th hexagram of the I Ching (䷜) • Short for 坎德拉 (kǎndélā). • a surname
| ‖ 坎(かん) • (kan)
| ‖ pit; hole; pitfall • one of the eight trigrams: ☵
|坎 (eum 감 (gam))
|pit, hole • snare, trap • crisis
|canonical : 坎: Hán Việt readings: khảm 坎: Nôm readings: khóm • canonical : khúm • canonical : khăm • canonical : khảm • canonical : khẳm
|
|
|坎
|唸
|-
|-
|坏
|啓
|Simplified from 壞 (褱 → 不) ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 坏 – see 坯 (“unburnt pottery and bricks; base; adobe; etc.”). \ (This character is a variant form of 坯).
| ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟ
| ‖ unfired pottery and bricks; base • low hill • wall • to use earth to fill a crack
|
|
|
|
|坏 (eum 배 (bae))
|
|
|canonical : 坏: Hán Việt readings: phôi 坏: Nôm readings: hoai • canonical : hoại • canonical : hoải • canonical : phôi
| ‖ 啓(けい) • (Kei) ‖ 啓(けい) • (kei)
| ‖ a male given name ‖ disclose, open, say
|啓 (eumhun 열 계 (yeol gye))
|hanja form of 계 (“open, begin”)
|Hán-Nôm : khải • Hán-Nôm : kiết
|
|
|坏
|啓
|-
|-
|坡
|啕
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːl) : semantic 土 (“dirt”) + phonetic 皮 (OC *bral).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po • Hokkien · Tai-lo : poo • Middle-Chinese : pha
|slope; bank; hillside • to slant; to incline; to tilt • (Taiwan, Hong Kong) Short for 新加坡 (Xīnjiāpō, “Singapore”).
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : daw
|to wail
|
|
|坡 • (pa) · 坡 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : pha • Hán-Nôm : bờ • Hán-Nôm : phơ • Hán-Nôm : da
|啕 • (do) · 啕 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to)
|
|
|坡
|
|
|啕
|-
|-
|坦
|啖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːnʔ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 旦 (OC *taːns)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thánn • Middle-Chinese : thanX
|^⁜ flat; level; wide • ^⁜ calm; open-hearted; at ease • ^⁜ honest; frank • to reveal; to expose • a surname
|
|
|flat; level; even
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daam⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tam • Middle-Chinese : damX • Middle-Chinese : damH
|坦 (eumhun 평평할 탄 (pyeongpyeonghal tan))
|to eat; to dine • to feed (someone/something) • to entice with the promise of profits; to lure with money • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Pinghua) Classifier for mouthfuls of things (water, rice, etc.) • (Cantonese) Classifier for kisses.
|hanja form of 탄 (“flat; level; even”)
|canonical : 坦: Hán Việt readings: thản • canonical : thán 坦: Nôm readings: đứt • canonical : đất • canonical : đắt • canonical : thản • canonical : đác • canonical : đởn • canonical : thán • canonical : đắn • canonical : đật • canonical : ngẩn • canonical : thưỡn ‖ romanization : thản ‖ romanization : đất ‖ romanization : đứt
| ‖ chữ Hán form of thản (“flat; level; wide”). • chữ Hán form of thản (“calm; pleasant”). ‖ Nôm form of đất (“earth; soil; dirt”). • Nôm form of đất (“land”). ‖ Nôm form of đứt (“to break off; to be cut off”).
|坦
|-
|坷
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls) : semantic 土 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls) : semantic 土 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khia̍t • Middle-Chinese : khaX • Middle-Chinese : khaH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ
|Only used in 坎坷 (kǎnkě). ‖ Used in 坷垃 (kēlā). • A placename in ancient China.
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|
|
|
|坷 • (ga) · 坷 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka)
|啖 • (dam) · 啖 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : kha • Hán-Nôm : khá • Hán-Nôm : khú
|Hán-Nôm : dạm • Hán-Nôm : đạm • Hán-Nôm : giảm
|
|
|坷
|啖
|-
|-
|垃
|啜
| ‖ From 在 (MC dzojX) (Dai, 2004) (compare 哉 > 了) or 來 (MC loj). Cognate with 勒. ‖  
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tods, *djods, *tod, *tʰjod, *djod) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 叕 (OC *tod). \ Possibly related to 噆 (OC *ʔsluːb, “(of a mosquito) to bite”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖  ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lah ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³⁻¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyut³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsheh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsherh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuat • Middle-Chinese : trjwejH • Middle-Chinese : dzywejH • Middle-Chinese : tsyhwet • Middle-Chinese : dzywet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ • Middle-Chinese : trjwet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄞˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Tshuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Tshè
|Only used in 垃圾 (lājī). ‖ to be at; to be located at • at; in • be ...-ing; in the middle of doing something (indicating an action in progress) ‖ Only used in 坷垃 (kēlā).
|(literary or dialectal) to taste; to eat; to drink; to sip • (Cantonese) to suck • (Cantonese) to kiss • (Cantonese) to stick to (a surface); to be stuck on • (literary) thick soup • (literary) to sob; to weep • (Hakka) Alternative form of 撮 (cod⁵) to cheat; to deceive; to hoax ‖ ^‡ to be talkative; to nag ‖ a surname
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|
|
|
|啜 • (cheol) · 啜 • (cheol) (hangeul 철)
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lạp • Hán-Nôm : lắp • Hán-Nôm : lấp • Hán-Nôm : lớp • Hán-Nôm : rập • Hán-Nôm : lọp
|
|
|垃
|啜
|-
|-
|垢
|啞
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraːʔ, *qraːɡs, *qraːɡ, *qraːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亞 (OC *qraːɡs). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ʔa (“mute”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraːʔ, *qraːɡs, *qraːɡ, *qraːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亞 (OC *qraːɡs). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ʔa (“mute”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraːʔ, *qraːɡs, *qraːɡ, *qraːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亞 (OC *qraːɡs). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ʔa (“mute”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : é • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ée • Hokkien · Tai-lo : á • Middle-Chinese : 'aeX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ik • Middle-Chinese : 'aek • Middle-Chinese : 'eak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a • Middle-Chinese : 'aeH
|mute; dumb (unable to speak) • speechless; without sound • hoarse • (of a shell, bomb, etc.) to fail to explode; (of a firearm) to fail to fire ‖ (onomatopoeia) laughter; sound of laughing ‖ Alternative form of 呀 • (onomatopoeia) The sound of cawing. • (onomatopoeia) The sound of a child learning to speak.
| ‖
|Kyūjitai form of 唖 ‖
|啞 • (a) · 啞 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kió • Middle-Chinese : kuwX
|Hán-Nôm : á • Hán-Nôm : ạ • Hán-Nôm : ớ • Hán-Nôm : dạ
|filth; dirt • filthy • (obsolete) dust • (literary) shame
| ‖ 垢(あか) • (aka) ‖ 垢(あか) • (aka) ‖ 垢(く) • (ku)
|grime ‖ scum • dirt ‖ (slang, computing) account ‖ klesha
|垢 • (gu) · 垢 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cấu • Hán-Nôm : cáu
|啞
|-
|啟
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khé • Middle-Chinese : khejX
|to open • to enlighten; to educate; to inspire • to start; to begin; to commence • to inform; to state; to explain • note; short letter • (Chinese mythology) Qi of Xia (second king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty) • Short for 啟示錄／启示录 (Qǐshìlù, “Revelation”). • a surname
|
|
|垢
|-
|垣
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷan) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 亘 ().
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huân • Middle-Chinese : hjwon
|wall • city • (astronomy) enclosure
| ‖ 垣(かき) • (kaki)
| ‖ fence
|
|
|啟 • (gye) · 啟 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : viên
|Hán-Nôm : khải • Hán-Nôm : khơi • Hán-Nôm : khui
|
|
|垣
|啟
|-
|-
|垮
|啣
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwaa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khua
|(of a structure) to collapse; to fall • to be utterly defeated; to be routed • (of one's body) to be worn out
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|
|
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|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : khoai
|啣 • (ham) · 啣 • (ham) (hangeul 함, revised ham, McCune–Reischauer ham)
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|
|
|垮
|-
|埃
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qlɯː) : semantic 土 (“earth; soil”) + phonetic 矣 (OC *ɢlɯʔ). ‖  ‖ Short for 埃斯特朗 or 埃格斯特朗 (āigésītèlǎng). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia • Middle-Chinese : 'oj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ai ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ai ‖
|fine dust, dirt • one ten-billionth, the number 10⁻¹⁰ ‖ Used in transcription. • Short for 埃及 (Āijí, “Egypt”). ‖ angstrom ‖ (Shanghainese) that
| ‖ 埃(あい) • (ai) ‖ 埃(ほこり) • (hokori)
| ‖ one ten-billionth ‖ dust
|埃 (eumhun 티끌 애 (tikkeul ae))
|fine dust, dirt
|canonical : 埃: Hán Việt readings: ai 埃: Nôm readings: ai
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|
|埃
|啣
|-
|-
|埠
|啥
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baːs) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 阜 (OC *buʔ). \ A late formation (後起字). Earlier forms of southern Chinese toponyms using the character were often written with the homophone 步 (MC buH) in historical records dated from the Northern Wei to Ming dynasties, which has been conjectured to be a transcription of an earlier Kra-Dai word (Kang, 2010). Cf. 墟 (xū, “market”).
|Probably a fusion of 什麼／什么 (shénme) (Lü, 1985).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : poo
|Cantonese · Jyutping : saa² • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siannh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sannh
|pier; wharf; dock • port city • commercial or trading port • city; town
|(colloquial, dialectal Mandarin, Southern Min, Wu) what
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|
|what (variant of 舍)
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|
|埠 • (bu) · 埠 • (bu) (hangeul 부, revised bu, McCune–Reischauer pu)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : phụ
|Hán-Nôm : sá
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|
|埠
|啥
|-
|-
|堡
|啻
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *puːʔ) : phonetic 保 (OC *puːʔ) + semantic 土. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *puːʔ) : phonetic 保 (OC *puːʔ) + semantic 土. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *puːʔ) : phonetic 保 (OC *puːʔ) + semantic 土.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pó • Middle-Chinese : pawX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou³
|small camp; small mud fortification • fort; fortress • Short for 漢堡／汉堡 (hànbǎo, “hamburger”). ‖ (often in placenames) town or village with walls ‖ Used in place names, as a variant of 鋪／铺／舖 (pù, “courier station”).
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci³ • Middle-Chinese : syeH
|only; just • Original form of 啇 (dì). • Alternative form of 適／适
|
|
|堡 • (bo) · 堡 • (bo) (hangeul 보, revised bo, McCune–Reischauer po)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bảo
|啻 • (si) · 啻 • (si) (hangeul 시)
|
|
|堡
|-
|堰
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrens, *qanʔ, *qans) : semantic 土 (“earth, ground”) + phonetic 匽 (OC *qanʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iàn • Middle-Chinese : 'jonX • Middle-Chinese : 'jonH • Middle-Chinese : 'jienH
|weir • dam • embankment; dike; bank
| ‖ 堰(せき) • (seki) ‖ 堰(い) • (i) ^(←ゐ (wi)?)
|dam • prevent • stop up ‖ weir, dam ‖ a dike or levee for containing water
|堰 • (eon) · 堰 • (eon) (hangeul 언, revised eon, McCune–Reischauer ŏn)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : yển
|
|
|堰
|啻
|-
|-
|堵
|啾
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjaːʔ, *taːʔ) : semantic 土 + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjaːʔ, *taːʔ) : semantic 土 + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsɯw) : semantic 口 + phonetic 秋 (OC *sʰɯw).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : tuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze² • Middle-Chinese : tsyaeX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsjuw
|(obsolete) a unit of measure of the length and height of a wall • (literary) wall • to block up; to stop up • (Teochew) to encounter • stifled; suffocated • (obsolete) An ancient unit of measure, denoting sixteen bells or chimes hanging on a bell pendant stand. • Classifier for walls. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • a surname ‖ (～河) Zhe or Du River (river in Hubei Province, China)
|(onomatopoeia) waa (wailing of a child) • (onomatopoeia) chirp (of a bird) • (onomatopoeia) chu (sound of a kiss)
|
|
|
|
|堵 • (do) · 堵 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to)
|啾 • (chu) · 啾 • (chu) (hangeul 추, revised chu, McCune–Reischauer ch'u)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đổ
|Hán-Nôm : thu • Hán-Nôm : tu
|
|
|堵
|啾
|-
|-
|塌
|喀
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːb) : semantic 土 (“dirt”) + phonetic 𦐇 ()
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰraːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 客 (OC *kʰraːɡ). \ Onomatopoeic; compare English hack.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : taap³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lap
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa³ • Middle-Chinese : khaek
|to collapse; to fall down; to cave in • to sink; to droop • to calm down; to settle down • (dialectal) to slump; to sink (of morale, etc.) • (Hokkien) to fill up; to fill in; to stuff (a gap, blank, vacancy, etc.) • (Hokkien) to stack or press close together crisscrossed • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to lose money • (Hokkien) to become sunken; to hollow; to form a depression
|(onomatopoeia) noise made in coughing or vomiting • Used in transliterations.
|
|
|
|
|塌 • (tap) · 塌 • (tap) (hangeul 탑, revised tap, McCune–Reischauer t'ap)
|喀 • (gaek) · 喀 • (gaek) (hangeul 객, revised gaek, McCune–Reischauer kaek, Yale kayk)
|grind • collapse; break • drop; hang down • first ploughing of the rice field
|Hán-Nôm : tháp • Hán-Nôm : thớp • Hán-Nôm : thóp • Hán-Nôm : thấp • Hán-Nôm : thạp • Hán-Nôm : thọp • Hán-Nôm : thợp
|
|
|塌
|Hán-Nôm : khách • Hán-Nôm : ca
|
|喀
|-
|-
|塘
|喃
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːŋ) : semantic 土 (“dirt”) + phonetic 唐 (OC *ɡl'aːŋ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rnuːm) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 南 (OC *nuːm). ‖  ‖  ‖ From Vietnamese 喃 (Nôm), in turn from Chinese 南 (“south”). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tônn • Middle-Chinese : dang
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naam⁴ • Middle-Chinese : nream ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naam⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naam⁴
|pond (Classifier: 個／个; 眼 c) • dike; embankment • bathing pool • pit-shaped thing • (Hong Kong Cantonese, swimming) lap; length (distance equal to the length of a swimming pool) (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (Cantonese, Liuzhou Mandarin, Nanning Pinghua) unit of distance equivalent to 10 li
|(onomatopoeia) Used in 喃喃 (nánnán). • (onomatopoeia) Used in 呢喃 (nínán). ‖ Only used in 噆喃. ‖ (Southwestern Mandarin) Interrogative particle, equivalent to 呢 (ne) in Standard Chinese. ‖ (of or relating to) chữ Nôm ‖ Used in transcription.
|
|
|
|
|塘 • (dang) · 塘 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang)
|喃 • (nam) · 喃 • (nam) (hangeul 남, revised nam, McCune–Reischauer nam)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đường • Hán-Nôm : đàng
|Hán-Nôm : nam • Hán-Nôm : nẩm • Hán-Nôm : Nôm
|road
|common speech
|塘
|喃
|-
|-
|塚
|喋
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toŋʔ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 冢 (OC *toŋʔ) – an earthen mound, a tomb of earth.
| ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thióng • Middle-Chinese : trjowngX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dip⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dep ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dip⁶ • Middle-Chinese : tep ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap⁶ • Middle-Chinese : draep
|tomb; burial mound
|talking endlessly; talkative ‖ bleeding ‖ mouth opening and closing; sucking
| ‖ 塚(つか) • (tsuka)
|
|mound, hillock, tumulus (implies a manmade origin) ‖ a mound or hillock, generally manmade • a grave, a tumulus or burial mound
|talk, chat, chatter
|塚 • (chong) · 塚 • (chong) (hangeul 총, revised chong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong)
|喋 • (cheop, jap) · 喋 • (cheop, jap) (hangeul 첩, 잡, revised cheop, jap, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏp, chap)
|cemetery • tomb, burial mound
|
|Hán-Nôm : trủng
|Hán-Nôm : nhịp
|
|
|塚
|喋
|-
|-
|塾
|喔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djɯwɢ) : phonetic 孰 (OC *djɯwɢ) + semantic 土 (“soil”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qroːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 屋 (OC *qoːɡ). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍k • Middle-Chinese : dzyuwk
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ok¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngak¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'aewk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ooh
|old-style private school
|the sound of a chicken: cluck ‖ Particle conveying realization.
| ‖ 塾(じゅく) • (juku)
|
|cram school ‖ a cram school
|
|塾 (eumhun 글방 숙 (geulbang suk))
|喔 • (ak) · 喔 • (ak) (hangeul 악, revised ak, McCune–Reischauer ak)
|hanja form of 숙 (“private school”)
|
|Hán-Nôm : thục
|Hán-Nôm : ác • Hán-Nôm : ộc • Hán-Nôm : ọt • Hán-Nôm : ốc • Hán-Nôm : ủ
|
|
|塾
|喔
|-
|-
|墅
|喟
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦljaːʔ) : phonetic 野 (OC *laːʔ, *ɦljaʔ) + semantic 土. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦljaːʔ) : phonetic 野 (OC *laːʔ, *ɦljaʔ) + semantic 土.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sú • Middle-Chinese : dzyoX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˇ
|villa; country house • ^† village ‖ ^† Alternative form of 野 (“countryside”)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : khwijH • Middle-Chinese : khweajH
|(literary) to heave a sigh; to sigh
|
|
|墅 • (seo) · 墅 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ)
|sigh
|喟 • (wi, goe) · 喟 • (wi, goe) (hangeul 위, 괴, revised wi, goe, McCune–Reischauer wi, koe, Yale wi, koy)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thự
|Hán-Nôm : vị
|
|
|墅
|喟
|-
|-
|墜
|喬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'uds) : phonetic 隊 (OC *l'uːds) + semantic 土.
|Ideogram (指事) – a differentiated form (分化字) of 高 (OC *kaːw, “high, tall”), with a differentiating marker, which was variously a stroke, 屮, 止, 力, 九, or 夭. \ Based on the 夭 form, only attested starting from the Han dynasty (Chi, 2010), Shuowen erroneously interprets 夭 as a semantic component meaning “to bend” and treats the character as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) . \ Cognate with 憍 (OC *krew, “to lift the head”), 驕 (OC *krew, “proud”), 撟 (OC *krewʔ, “to lift”), 嶠 (OC *ɡrews, “peak”); 高 (OC *kaːw, “high; tall”) and 蹻 (OC *krewʔ, “martial; vigorous”) could be allofams (Schuessler, 2007). \ Sagart (2017b) compares this word to Tibetan སྒྲོ (sgro, “to elevate; to exalt; to increase”) and Jingpho shagrau (“to exalt”). He also considers 鷮 (OC *krew, *ɡrew, “a kind of pheasant (with a long tail and feathers used for ornaments)”) to be related, comparing it to Tibetan སྒྲོ (sgro, “large feather”), which he suggests is derived from the verb. ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖ Originally Hokkien 撨 (chhiâu). ‖ Transliteration of English names.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuī • Middle-Chinese : drwijH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiâu • Middle-Chinese : gjew • Middle-Chinese : kjew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ
|to fall down; to drop; to sink; to go to ruin • to hang down; to weigh down; to fall due to a heavy weight • hanging object
|tall; lofty • section on the shaft of a spear near the spearhead for hanging a feather • a surname ‖ to pretend; to feign; to disguise • (archaic, derogatory) bad; vile; crafty; fake; stupid; cowardly; useless • (archaic) headstrong and easily angered ‖ Alternative form of 驕／骄 (jiāo, “proud; arrogant”) ‖ Only used in 喬詰／乔诘. ‖ (Hokkien) to make things difficult for ‖ (Hokkien, Taiwanese Mandarin) to discuss; to negotiate; to coordinate ‖ Joe (English given name) • Joel (English given name)
|
|
|high • boasting
|喬 • (gyo) · 喬 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo)
|
|
|墜 (eumhun 떨어질 추 (tteoreojil chu))
|Hán-Nôm : kiều
|hanja form of 추 (“fall”)
|Hán-Nôm : trụy • Hán-Nôm : truỵ • Hán-Nôm : đụi
|
|
|墜
|喬
|-
|-
|墟
|喱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰa) : semantic 土 (“dirt”) + phonetic 虛 (OC *kʰa, *qʰa). \ ;"ruin" \ ;"market"
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hu • Middle-Chinese : khjo
|ruin • (literary) village • fair; market
|
|
|ruins
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei¹
|墟 • (heo) · 墟 • (heo) (hangeul 허, revised heo, McCune–Reischauer hŏ)
|grain (unit)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hư • Hán-Nôm : khư
|
|
|墟
|-
|墮
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰoːlʔ, *l'oːlʔ, *hlol) : phonetic 隋 (OC *l̥ʰoːlʔ, *l'oːlʔ, *ljol) + semantic 土.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : do⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doe⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuī • Middle-Chinese : dwaX • Middle-Chinese : thwaX
|to fall; to sink • to degenerate • (Cantonese) droopy; saggy • Alternative form of 惰 (duò)
|
|
|
|
|墮 (eumhun 떨어질 타 (tteoreojil ta))
|Hán-Nôm : li
|hanja form of 타 (“to fall; to degenerate”)
|Hán-Nôm : đọa • Hán-Nôm : đoạ • Hán-Nôm : đụi • Hán-Nôm : dọa • Hán-Nôm : doạ • Hán-Nôm : dụa
|
|
|墮
|喱
|-
|-
|墾
|喲
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jo¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄧㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄧㄡ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jo¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄧㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄧㄡ
|An interjection used when surprised. ‖ A particle used at the end of phrases where there is a pause.
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : han² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khún • Middle-Chinese : khonX
|to cultivate; to reclaim wasteland • to till; to plow
|
|
|to till, to plough • to cultivate; to reclaim wasteland
|喲 • (yak) · 喲 • (yak) (hangeul 약, revised yak, McCune–Reischauer yak)
|墾 • (gan) · 墾 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : khẩn
|Hán-Nôm : ước • Hán-Nôm : dục
|
|
|墾
|喲
|-
|-
|壓
|嗆
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːb) : phonetic 厭 (OC *qemʔ, *qems, *qeb) + semantic 土 (“dust”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːb) : phonetic 厭 (OC *qemʔ, *qems, *qeb) + semantic 土 (“dust”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaŋs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaŋs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ap • Middle-Chinese : 'aep ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : a̍h
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiùnn ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshngh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshn̍gh
|to press; to push down • to keep under control; to control • to suppress; to bring pressure on; to intimidate • to approach; to draw near; to close in on • to surpass; to prevail over • to shelve; to lay aside • to risk; to stake • (physics) pressure • Used in 壓根兒／压根儿 (yàgēnr, “in the first place”). • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to press and draw (a line) • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to scrape or pare off horizontally ‖ (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to separate; to set apart • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to gather together; to collect
|to choke (due to swallowing the wrong way) ‖ to irritate the respiratory organs, especially the nose (of smoke or odor) • (Taiwan) to shout at somebody; to speak out against somebody ‖ (Hokkien) to sniffle; to snuffle; to snort (especially outwards rather than inwards when the nose is stuffed) • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to sob incessantly
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|
|嗆 • (chang) · 嗆 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang)
|
|
|pressure
|Hán-Nôm : sang
|壓 (eumhun 누를 압 (nureul ap))
|hanja form of 압 (“pressure”)
|Hán-Nôm : áp • Hán-Nôm : ếm
|
|
|壓
|嗆
|-
|-
|壞
|嗇
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruːls) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 褱 (OC *ɡruːl, *ɡruːl). \ Compare Tibetan འདྲུལ ('drul, “to become putrid/rotten”), Tibetan བྲུལ (brul, “crumbles”) (Hill, 2019). ‖  
|Characters in the same phonetic series (嗇) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 來 + 㐭. ‖  ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huǎi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hāi • Middle-Chinese : kweajH • Middle-Chinese : hweajH ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Middle-Chinese : srik ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siah • Middle-Chinese : srik ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Middle-Chinese : srik
|bad • rotten; spoiled • to spoil; to ruin • to break; to stop working • (Classical) to collapse • (Classical) to demolish; to destroy • bad idea; dirty trick • extremely; very; highly ‖ (Cantonese) naughty; mischievous; rebellious; disobedient
|Original form of 穡／穑 (sè). · to reap • Original form of 穡／穑 (sè). · farming; farm labour ‖ (obsolete) to cherish • (obsolete) to save; to conserve; to not waste • miserly; thrifty; stingy • (obsolete) to covet • (obsolete) to lack; to be insufficient • (rare) to have a poor harvest • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) silent and not speaking; not disclosing anything • ：佯嗇嗇／佯啬啬 [Hokkien] ― tèⁿ sek sek [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to pretend not to know • a surname ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 濇／涩 (sè, “not smooth; not flowing”)
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 壊: break
|lowly • the country • the countryside • be countrified
|壞 (eumhun 무너질 괴 (muneojil goe))
|嗇 • (akkil saek/geodul saek) · 嗇 • (akkil saek/geodul saek) (hangeul 아낄 색/거둘 색, revised saek, McCune–Reischauer saek)
|hanja form of 괴 (“to break; to collapse”)
|miserly, thrifty, stingy • stopped up, constipated
|Hán-Nôm : hoại • Hán-Nôm : hoải • Hán-Nôm : hoai
|Hán-Nôm : sắc
|
|
|壞
|嗇
|-
|-
|壯
|嗎
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraŋs) : phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ) + semantic 士. ‖ First written as 獞 (composed of 犭 (quǎn), the “beast” radical, and 童 (tóng), “servant”). Following the foundation of the People’s Republic of China, it was written as 僮 (with 亻 (rén), the “person” radical). Due to the derogatory connotations of the previous characters, it was officially amended to 壯／壮 (zhuàng, “strong; robust”) in 1965. ‖  
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ). \ From 無 (OC *ma, “not”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ For Philippine Hokkien 嗎／吗 (--ba), it is borrowed from Tagalog ba (interrogative particle). ‖  ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsòng • Middle-Chinese : tsrjangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹
|Cantonese · Jyutping : maa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ma • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --ma • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --ba ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : môo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˊㄦ
|strong; robust • to strengthen • (dialectal, chiefly Hakka or Wu, of a person or an animal) fat • (traditional Chinese medicine) one burn of moxa in moxibustion ‖ (～族) Zhuang, an ethnic group living primarily in Guangxi, China ‖ Alternative form of 莊／庄 (zhuāng, “serious; solemn”) • a surname
|Final interrogative particle, forming yes/no questions. ‖ Used as a phonetic character. ‖ (Mandarin, colloquial) what
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|
|
|Big, robust
|嗎 • (ma) · 嗎 • (ma) (hangeul 마)
|壯 (eum 장 (jang))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tráng • Hán-Nôm : trắng
|Hán-Nôm : mửa • Hán-Nôm : ma • Hán-Nôm : mớ • Hán-Nôm : mạ • Hán-Nôm : mắng • Hán-Nôm : mỉa • Hán-Nôm : mứa • Hán-Nôm : mựa
|
|
|壯
|嗎
|-
|-
|壹
|嗑
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qlid) : semantic 壺 + phonetic 吉 (OC *klid). (Shuowen)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jat¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsi̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : it • Middle-Chinese : 'jit
|(Classical) faithful; committed • (financial) one, variant of 一
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 壱 (number one)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngap¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Middle-Chinese : hap • Middle-Chinese : kap
|壹 (eumhun 한 일 (han il))
|to crack between the teeth • to talk; to gab • Alternative form of 喝
|one
|Hán-Nôm : nhất • Hán-Nôm : nhứt
|one
|壹
|-
|壽
|These forms are seen in bronze inscriptions: \ # Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djuʔ, *djus) : semantic 耂 (“old”) + phonetic 𢏚 (OC *du). \ # Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djuʔ, *djus) : semantic 耂 (“old”) + phonetic 𠷎 () (𦓃). \ # Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djuʔ, *djus) : semantic 耂 (“old”) + phonetic 𠼡 (). \ The current traditional glyph is from the composition #3, with 又 (yòu) becoming 寸 (cùn) (耂 + 𠾉). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siū • Middle-Chinese : dzyuwX • Middle-Chinese : dzyuwH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : siū
|old age; long life • life; age • birthday • (euphemistic) funerary (especially prepared before one's death) • (Wu, Cantonese) foolish; stupid; cloddish • a surname ‖ (Hokkien, Teochew) Alternative form of 岫 (“nest, den or lair of animals”)
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|
|longevity, long life • congratulations
|eat seeds • reproach • loquacious
|壽 (eum 수 (su))
|long life
|
|
|eat seeds • reproach • loquacious
|Hán-Nôm : hạp
|
|
|壽
|嗑
|-
|-
|夭
|嗟
|Ideogram (指事) – a figure leaning forward, presumably running, hence energetic, young. \ Coblin (1986) (apud Schuessler , 2007) considers it cognate to Tibetan ཡོ་བ (yo ba, “oblique, aslant”), གཡོ་བ (g.yo ba, “tilt”), གཡོས (g.yos); if so, probably of Sino-Tibetan origin. However, the medials do not agree, as the expected Middle Chinese reflex should be in division IV, not III-B (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Mizo eu (“to bend backwards”) (ibid.). \ Possibly related to 委 (OC *qrolʔ, “to bend”) (e.g. in Chuci https://ctext.org/chu-ci/yuan-you1?searchu=%E5%A7%94&searchmode=showall#result) (ibid.). ‖ Ideogram (指事) – a figure leaning forward, presumably running, hence energetic, young. \ Coblin (1986) (apud Schuessler , 2007) considers it cognate to Tibetan ཡོ་བ (yo ba, “oblique, aslant”), གཡོ་བ (g.yo ba, “tilt”), གཡོས (g.yos); if so, probably of Sino-Tibetan origin. However, the medials do not agree, as the expected Middle Chinese reflex should be in division IV, not III-B (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Mizo eu (“to bend backwards”) (ibid.). \ Possibly related to 委 (OC *qrolʔ, “to bend”) (e.g. in Chuci https://ctext.org/chu-ci/yuan-you1?searchu=%E5%A7%94&searchmode=showall#result) (ibid.). ‖ Ideogram (指事) – a figure leaning forward, presumably running, hence energetic, young. \ Coblin (1986) (apud Schuessler , 2007) considers it cognate to Tibetan ཡོ་བ (yo ba, “oblique, aslant”), གཡོ་བ (g.yo ba, “tilt”), གཡོས (g.yos); if so, probably of Sino-Tibetan origin. However, the medials do not agree, as the expected Middle Chinese reflex should be in division IV, not III-B (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Mizo eu (“to bend backwards”) (ibid.). \ Possibly related to 委 (OC *qrolʔ, “to bend”) (e.g. in Chuci https://ctext.org/chu-ci/yuan-you1?searchu=%E5%A7%94&searchmode=showall#result) (ibid.). ‖ Ideogram (指事) – a figure leaning forward, presumably running, hence energetic, young. \ Coblin (1986) (apud Schuessler , 2007) considers it cognate to Tibetan ཡོ་བ (yo ba, “oblique, aslant”), གཡོ་བ (g.yo ba, “tilt”), གཡོས (g.yos); if so, probably of Sino-Tibetan origin. However, the medials do not agree, as the expected Middle Chinese reflex should be in division IV, not III-B (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Mizo eu (“to bend backwards”) (ibid.). \ Possibly related to 委 (OC *qrolʔ, “to bend”) (e.g. in Chuci https://ctext.org/chu-ci/yuan-you1?searchu=%E5%A7%94&searchmode=showall#result) (ibid.). ‖ Ideogram (指事) – a figure leaning forward, presumably running, hence energetic, young. \ Coblin (1986) (apud Schuessler , 2007) considers it cognate to Tibetan ཡོ་བ (yo ba, “oblique, aslant”), གཡོ་བ (g.yo ba, “tilt”), གཡོས (g.yos); if so, probably of Sino-Tibetan origin. However, the medials do not agree, as the expected Middle Chinese reflex should be in division IV, not III-B (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Mizo eu (“to bend backwards”) (ibid.). \ Possibly related to 委 (OC *qrolʔ, “to bend”) (e.g. in Chuci https://ctext.org/chu-ci/yuan-you1?searchu=%E5%A7%94&searchmode=showall#result) (ibid.).
|In Small Seal Script, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsljal) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 差 (OC *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːls, *sʰral) (𧪘). In Regular Script, 言 (yán) became 口 (kǒu). ‖ In Small Seal Script, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsljal) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 差 (OC *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːls, *sʰral) (𧪘). In Regular Script, 言 (yán) became 口 (kǒu).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iáu • Middle-Chinese : 'jewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iáu • Middle-Chinese : 'jew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˇ • Middle-Chinese : 'awX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄞ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsjae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˋ
|to die young, to die prematurely • to be aggrieved • to devastate • disaster ‖ young, fresh-looking • tender, gentle • lush • Alternative form of 妖 (yāo) ‖ young animal or plant ‖ name of an ancient place ‖ Only used in 夭斜.
|(literary) sigh; alas ‖ Only used in 咄嗟 (duōjiē, “in a short time”).
|
| ‖ 嗟(ああ) or 嗟(アー) • (ā)
|young • disaster
| ‖ Alternative form of アー
|夭 • (yo, o) · 夭 • (yo, o) (hangeul 요, 오, revised yo, o, McCune–Reischauer yo, o, Yale yo, o)
|嗟 • (cha) · 嗟 • (cha) (hangeul 차, revised cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'a)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : yểu • Hán-Nôm : eo • Hán-Nôm : ỉu • Hán-Nôm : yếu • Hán-Nôm : èo • Hán-Nôm : yêu
|Hán-Nôm : ta • Hán-Nôm : xơi
|
|
|夭
|嗟
|-
|-
|夸
|嗤
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷraː) : semantic 大 (“man”) + phonetic 于 (OC *ɢʷa) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷraː) : semantic 大 (“man”) + phonetic 于 (OC *ɢʷa) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷraː) : semantic 大 (“man”) + phonetic 于 (OC *ɢʷa) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷraː) : semantic 大 (“man”) + phonetic 于 (OC *ɢʷa)
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjɯ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 蚩 (OC *tʰjɯ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwaa¹ • Middle-Chinese : khwae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄚˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄚˇ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Middle-Chinese : tsyhi
|extravagant; luxurious; handsome ‖ ^† beautiful ‖ ^† Alternative form of 跨 (kuà, “to cross over”) ‖ ^† Only used in 夸𡗸.
|to laugh at; to jeer; to sneer
|
|
|boast
|laugh • ridicule, mock, make fun of
|夸 (eum 과 (gwa))
|嗤 • (chi) · 嗤 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : khoa
|Hán-Nôm : si • Hán-Nôm : suy • Hán-Nôm : xỉ
|
|
|夸
|嗤
|-
|-
|套
|嗥
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 大 (“large”) + 長 (“long”) – long. It is later borrowed for the “cover” sense and has now lost its original meaning. \ Cognate with 韜 (OC *l̥ʰuː); probably cognate with 㧺 and 錔 (OC *tʰuːb). ‖  ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : tou³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thò ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠˇ • Middle-Chinese : thawX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : su
|to cover with; to encase; to put on (a sweater, etc.) • case; cover; sheath; wrapper; envelope (Classifier: 個／个 m c) • (colloquial) condom (Classifier: 個／个 m c) • to overlap; to interconnect • set; suit • knot • to harness • harness • trick; trap • (Hong Kong) Short for 套房 (“en suite bedroom”). • Classifier for a set of objects (books, furniture, rooms, etc). ⇒ all nouns using this classifier ‖ long ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 軀／躯 (su, “Classifier for sets of clothing”)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hou⁴
|howl (like a wolf); wail
|
|
|套 (eumhun 씌울 투 (ssuiul tu))
|hanja form of 투 (“cover”)
|Hán-Nôm : sáo • Hán-Nôm : thạo
|
|
|套
|-
|奚
|Cognate with 何 (OC *ɡaːl, “what; where; why; how”). See there for more.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hê • Middle-Chinese : hej
|where? what? how? why? • servant • the Xi (Kumo Xi) people
|
|
|servant • what • why
|奚 • (hae) · 奚 • (hae) (hangeul 해, revised hae, McCune–Reischauer hae)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hề
|Hán-Nôm : hào
|
|
|奚
|嗥
|-
|-
|奠
|嗦
|Oracle bone script: Pictogram (象形) – an alcohol vessel (酉) placed on a mat (一). \ In the bronze inscriptions, two strokes (八) were sometimes added above the alcohol vessel, representing overflowing alcohol; this is inherited in the small seal script as 酋. In some bronze inscriptions, two horizontal strokes were sometimes also added below the line representing a mat; the strokes sometimes were changed to something like 八. These two strokes then fused with the mat to give 丌 (a table with two legs) in the small seal script. 丌 later evolved into 大 by process of libian (隸變). ‖ Oracle bone script: Pictogram (象形) – an alcohol vessel (酉) placed on a mat (一). \ In the bronze inscriptions, two strokes (八) were sometimes added above the alcohol vessel, representing overflowing alcohol; this is inherited in the small seal script as 酋. In some bronze inscriptions, two horizontal strokes were sometimes also added below the line representing a mat; the strokes sometimes were changed to something like 八. These two strokes then fused with the mat to give 丌 (a table with two legs) in the small seal script. 丌 later evolved into 大 by process of libian (隸變).
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiān • Middle-Chinese : denH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥˋ • Middle-Chinese : tengH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : so
|to set; to lay; to place down (typically in ceremonial contexts) • to make offerings to the dead; to libate • to establish ‖ Alternative form of 飣／饤 (dìng) • fake
|Used in 哆嗦 (duōsuo). • Used in 囉嗦／啰嗦 (luōsuo). • Used in 嗦嗦. • (Guangxi Mandarin) to eat (rice noodles, luosifen, etc.)
|
|
|to make offerings • to establish
|奠 (eumhun 정(定)할 전 (jeonghal jeon)) · 奠 (eumhun 제사(祭祀) 전 (jesa jeon)) ‖ 奠 (eumhun 멈출 정 (meomchul jeong))
| ‖
|Hán-Nôm : điện
|
|
|奠
|-
|奢
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ce¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : se¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshia • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sia • Middle-Chinese : syae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚˊ
|extravagant; lavish; wasteful • excessive • (Wuhan Mandarin) to smile; to laugh ‖ a surname
|
|
|
|
|奢 • (sa) · 奢 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa)
|Hán-Nôm : sách
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : xa
|嗦
|chữ Hán form of xa (“extravagant, wasteful”).
|奢
|-
|-
|奶
|嗨
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rneːlʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 乃 (OC *nɯːʔ). \ Unknown. \ Similar words in the area include Proto-Hmong-Mien *niaʔ²ᴰ (“mother”), Tibetan ཨ་ནེ (a ne), ནེ་ནེ (ne ne, “paternal aunt”), Khmer ញី (ñii, “female”). It may be comparable with Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nja-n (“breast; milk; suck”), whence Nuosu ꑍ (nyip, “liquid milk”), ꀉꆂ (ax nie, “breast; milk”). \ It is unknown how the Min forms relate to forms in other dialects. See this article for a discussion of the Min Nan etymon. For similar nasalisations in Min, compare 耳 (ěr). \ Colloquial words in different Min dialects show considerable variation – most have an n- initial, but finals and tones differ greatly. Some propose that this is substrate influence, passed on from the maternal Baiyue lineages since the intermarriages between southward-migrating Han Chinese and native non-Han women. Other southern dialects also show remnants of this native word: Hakka [Meixian] nɛn⁵, Cantonese [Guangzhou] nin¹ (𢆡). Compare Thai นม (nom, “breast; breastmilk”), Zhuang noemz (“breast; breastmilk”). \ The long-recognised Sino-Tibetan etymon in Chinese is 乳 (OC *njoʔ); see there for more. ‖  
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth; speech”) + phonetic 海 (OC *hmlɯːʔ) ‖ From English hi. ‖ From English high.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : naai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naai⁵⁻¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄞˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ni • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lin • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ling • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nee • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ne • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nái • Middle-Chinese : nejX • Middle-Chinese : nreaX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : nái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nai
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hài ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai¹
|breast • milk; breast milk • to nurse • to breastfeed; to suckle • (in compounds) infant; infantile; milk (teeth, name, etc.) • (regional) mother • (regional) grandmother ‖ (Hokkien) to behave in a coy, childish or coquettish manner; to coax; to wheedle
|Alternative form of 咳 (hāi) ‖ (colloquial) hi; hey ‖ (colloquial) to get high on • (colloquial) to be exhilarated; to have fun (not necessarily under the influence of alcohol or recreational drugs)
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|奶 (eumhun 젖 내 (jeot nae))
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|Hán-Nôm : nãi • Hán-Nôm : nái
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|奶
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|奸
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːn) : semantic 女 + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn). \ * Mandarin \ *:(Pinyin): jiān (jian¹) \ *:(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ \ *:: \ * Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan¹ \ * Eastern Min (BUC): găng \ * Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kan \ * Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹ke; ¹ci \ * Mandarin \ ** (Standard Chinese)⁺ \ *** Hanyu Pinyin: jiān \ *** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ \ *** Tongyong Pinyin: jian \ *** Wade–Giles: chien¹ \ *** Yale: jyān \ *** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian \ *** Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ) \ *** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/ \ * Cantonese \ ** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong) \ *** Jyutping: gaan¹ \ *** Yale: gāan \ *** Cantonese Pinyin: gaan¹ \ *** Guangdong Romanization: gan¹ \ *** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /kaːn⁵⁵/ \ * Eastern Min \ ** (Fuzhou) \ *** Bàng-uâ-cê: găng \ *** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /kaŋ⁵⁵/ \ * Southern Min \ ** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou) \ *** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan \ *** Tâi-lô: kan \ *** Phofsit Daibuun: kafn \ *** IPA (Quanzhou): /kan³³/ \ *** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴/ \ * Wu \ ** (Northern: Shanghai) \ *** Wugniu: ¹ke; ¹ci \ *** MiniDict: ke^平; ci^平 \ *** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ke; ¹ji \ *** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ke⁵³/, /t͡ɕi⁵³/ \ Note: \ *1ke - vernacular; \ *1ji - literary. ‖ * Mandarin \ *:(Pinyin): gān (gan¹) \ *:(Zhuyin): ㄍㄢ \ * Cantonese (Jyutping): gon¹ \ * Mandarin \ ** (Standard Chinese)⁺ \ *** Hanyu Pinyin: gān \ *** Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ \ *** Tongyong Pinyin: gan \ *** Wade–Giles: kan¹ \ *** Yale: gān \ *** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gan \ *** Palladius: гань (ganʹ) \ *** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /kän⁵⁵/ \ * Cantonese \ ** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong) \ *** Jyutping: gon¹ \ *** Yale: gōn \ *** Cantonese Pinyin: gon¹ \ *** Guangdong Romanization: gon¹ \ *** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /kɔːn⁵⁵/ \ ---- \ * Middle Chinese: kan \ * Old Chinese \ *: (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤa[r]/ \ *: (Zhengzhang): /*kaːn/
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| ‖ (archaic) to offend; to mistreat; to encroach on; alternative form of 干
| ‖ 奸(かん) • (kan) -na (adnominal 奸(かん)な (kan na), adverbial 奸(かん)に (kan ni)) ‖ 奸(かん) • (kan)
| ‖ wicked ‖ evil, wickedness • wicked person
|奸 (eumhun 간사할 간 (gansahal gan)) · 奸 (eumhun 범할 간 (beomhal gan))
|hanja form of 간 (“evil, wicked”)
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|奸
|嗨
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|她
|嗯
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 恩. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 恩. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 恩. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 恩.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㆭˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄯˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㆭˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄯˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄣˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄣ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㆭˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄯˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄥ
|Used as an interjection to express doubt or curiosity. ‖ Used as an interjection to express surprise. ‖ Used as an interjection to express agreement or pledge. • Alternative form of 硬 (yìng) ‖ (onomatopoeia) A groaning sound.
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tha • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho
|she, her
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|Hán-Nôm : tha
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|她
|嗯
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|妊
|嗷
|Cognate with 任 (OC *njɯm, *njɯms, “to be burdened; to be loaded”). See there for more.
|From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋəw
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jīm • Middle-Chinese : nyimH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ngaw
|pregnant
|(onomatopoeia) sound of wailing • clamor
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|pregnancy
|妊 (eumhun 아이 밸 임 (ai bael im))
|hanja form of 임 (“pregnancy”)
|Hán-Nôm : nhâm
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|妊
|嗷 • (o) · 嗷 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o)
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|妒
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tqaːs) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 戶 (OC *ɡʷaːʔ). \ 《說文解字注》 considered it a corrupted form of 妬: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tqaːs) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 妬 (OC *taːɡs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòo • Middle-Chinese : tuH
|(of a woman) to be jealous of her husband or another woman • (by extension) to be jealous or envious of; to envy
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|Alternative form of 妬
|Hán-Nôm : ngao • Hán-Nôm : ngào • Hán-Nôm : ngoao
|妒 (eumhun 샘낼 투 (saemnael tu))
|Alternative form of 妬 (“hanja form of 투 (“to envy”)”)
|Hán-Nôm : đố • Hán-Nôm : đú
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|妒
|嗷
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|妓
|嗾
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kre, *ɡreʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 支 (OC *kje). \ Attested earliest in Shuowen Jiezi and Wèi-Jìn period's literature (possible pronunciations *kɨe or *gɨeX); a hypohetical OC form would be *kre (Schuessler, 2007). \ Apparently loaned from Vietic (ancient 越 (yuè) in southern China). Compare Proto-Vietic *-keːʔ (“woman, female”) (whence Vietnamese cái (“female”) & gái (“girl, female”)), elsewhere in Mon-Khmer, Proto-Waic *krih girl", Proto-North-Bahnaric *kdri: "female". Alternatively, Wang (1982) relates this to 技 (jì, “skill”), yet this may be folk etymology (ibid.). \ Schuessler also points to other foreign words which meant "woman, girl" yet referred to women of low social standing in ancient China; e.g. 嬖 (bì), 嬯 (tái) (ibid.). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kre, *ɡreʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 支 (OC *kje). \ Attested earliest in Shuowen Jiezi and Wèi-Jìn period's literature (possible pronunciations *kɨe or *gɨeX); a hypohetical OC form would be *kre (Schuessler, 2007). \ Apparently loaned from Vietic (ancient 越 (yuè) in southern China). Compare Proto-Vietic *-keːʔ (“woman, female”) (whence Vietnamese cái (“female”) & gái (“girl, female”)), elsewhere in Mon-Khmer, Proto-Waic *krih girl", Proto-North-Bahnaric *kdri: "female". Alternatively, Wang (1982) relates this to 技 (jì, “skill”), yet this may be folk etymology (ibid.). \ Schuessler also points to other foreign words which meant "woman, girl" yet referred to women of low social standing in ancient China; e.g. 嬖 (bì), 嬯 (tái) (ibid.).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Middle-Chinese : gjeX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Middle-Chinese : kje
|(Classical, historical) female entertainer; female performer of song and dance • prostitute ‖ Used in 妓姕.
| ‖ 妓(ぎ) • (gi)
|geisha; prostitute ‖ female entertainer
|妓 (eumhun 기생 기 (gisaeng gi))
|hanja form of 기 (“prostitute”)
|canonical : 妓: Hán Việt readings: kĩ • canonical : kỹ 妓: Nôm readings: kĩ • canonical : kỹ • canonical : đĩ
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|妓
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : suwX • Middle-Chinese : suwH • Middle-Chinese : tshuwH
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|urge on, incite
|妮
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 尼 (OC *nil).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊㄦ
|^† servant girl • (dialectal, endearing or derogatory) girl • a surname
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|妮 • (ni) · 妮 • (ni) (hangeul 니, revised ni, McCune–Reischauer ni)
|嗾 • (ju) · 嗾 • (ju) (hangeul 주)
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|Hán-Nôm : ny • Hán-Nôm : ni
|Hán-Nôm : thốc
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|妮
|嗾
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|妾
|嘆
|Uncertain. \ Possibly a pictogram (象形) of a woman with a headdress. Cognate to 女 with 辛 on top, though in the modern form the headdress has simplified to unrelated 立. \ Alternatively, may be an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 辛 (“torture device”) + 女 (“woman”) – female criminal. \ Cognate to 捷 (OC *zeb, “victory; booty”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiap • Middle-Chinese : tshjep
|slave woman • concubine • (archaic, humble) I; me (used by women to show modesty) • a surname
| ‖ 妾(しょう) • (shō) ‖ 妾(しょう) • (shō)
|concubine • servant ‖ concubine ‖ (humble, feminine) I, me
|妾 (eumhun 첩 첩 (cheop cheop))
|hanja form of 첩 (“concubine”)
|Hán-Nôm : thiếp • Hán-Nôm : thê
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|妾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thàn • Middle-Chinese : than • Middle-Chinese : thanH
|to sigh • (literary or in compounds) to chant • (literary or in compounds) to praise; to exclaim in admiration • (grammar) Short for 嘆詞／叹词 (tàncí, “interjection”). • (Cantonese) to enjoy
| ‖ 嘆(たん) • (tan)
|to sigh • to lament • to moan • to grieve ‖ sigh
|嘆 (eumhun 탄식할 탄 (tansikhal tan))
|Alternative form of 歎 (“hanja form of 탄 (“sigh”)”)
|canonical : 嘆: Hán Việt readings: thán • canonical : than 嘆: Nôm readings: than • canonical : han • canonical : thán • canonical : thăn • canonical : hớn • canonical : hen • canonical : thơn
|Nôm form of than (“to complain”).
|嘆
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|姆
|嘈
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ) : semantic 女 (“female”) + phonetic 母 (OC *mɯʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ) : semantic 女 (“female”) + phonetic 母 (OC *mɯʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ) : semantic 女 (“female”) + phonetic 母 (OC *mɯʔ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zluː) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 曹 (OC *zluː)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ḿ • Middle-Chinese : muwH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㆬ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㆬˇ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsô • Middle-Chinese : dzaw
|female tutor who teaches women "female virtues" (in imperial China) • woman who looks after small children ‖ Only used in 姆媽／姆妈 (m̄mā). ‖ Only used in 姆們／姆们 (m̌men).
|noisy • (Cantonese) to make noise; to annoy by making noise • (Cantonese) to quarrel; to argue • (Cantonese) to complain; to make a fuss
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|wet nurse
|to make noise; to buzz
|姆 • (mo) · 姆 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo)
|嘈 (eumhun 들렐 조 (deullel jo))
|child's governess • matron
|to make noise • noisy • talking voice
|Hán-Nôm : mỗ • Hán-Nôm : mẫu
|Hán-Nôm : tào
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|姆
|嘈
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|姐
|嘍
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsjaːʔ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa). ‖  
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze²⁻¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze²⁻⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsé • Middle-Chinese : tsjaeX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi⁶
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˇ • Middle-Chinese : luwX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : luw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄌㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : loo ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lau³
|elder sister • woman; lady; madame • (dialectal) mother ‖ (archaic) Alternative form of 㜘 (jù, “pampered; spoiled”)
|Only used in 嗹嘍／𪡏喽. ‖ Used in 嘍囉／喽啰 (lóuluó). • Used in 吐嘍／吐喽. ‖ used in onomatopoetic expressions ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 摟／搂 (lau3)
| ‖ 姐(あね) • (ane)
| ‖ Alternative form of 姉
|姐 • (jeo) · 姐 • (jeo) (hangeul 저)
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|Hán-Nôm : thư • Hán-Nôm : tỉ • Hán-Nôm : tả
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|姐
|嘍 (eum 루 (ru))
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|Hán-Nôm : lâu • Hán-Nôm : làu
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|嘍
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|姚
|嘔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoː, *qoːʔ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo). \ Ultimately onomatopoeic (Schuessler, 2007). \ STEDT derives this from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔaw (“to vomit”), comparing it to Burmese အော့ (au.). \ Alternatively, it may be cognate with Tibetan སྐྱུག (skyug) (Schuessler, 2007) and Japhug qioʁ (Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019). ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : áu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : óo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ió • Middle-Chinese : 'uwX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : au¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'uw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : au² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄡ
|to vomit ‖ Alternative form of 謳／讴 (ōu, “to sing”) • (onomatopoeia) Used to describe orchestral music, cooing, etc. ‖ to make someone angry • to become angry ‖ (literary) affable; kind • (literary) to exhale air to warm something up ‖ (obsolete) the sound of anger ‖ An informal greeting.
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|vomit ‖
|嘔 • (gu, hu) · 嘔 • (gu, hu) (hangeul 구, 후, revised gu, hu, McCune–Reischauer ku, hu)
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|Hán-Nôm : ẩu • Hán-Nôm : xua • Hán-Nôm : ẫu
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iô • Middle-Chinese : yew
|嘔
|handsome; elegant • Alternative form of 遙／遥 (yáo, “far; distant”) • a surname
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|嘖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ, *zreːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ, *zreːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsraek • Middle-Chinese : dzreak • Middle-Chinese : tsreak ‖
|(literary) to argue • (onomatopoeia) sound of tongue clicking ‖ (onomatopoeia) sound of tongue clicking; tut; tsk
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|姚 (eumhun 예쁜 요 (yeppeun yo))
|嘖 • (chaek) · 嘖 • (chaek) (hangeul 책, revised chaek, McCune–Reischauer ch'aek)
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|Hán-Nôm : diêu
|Hán-Nôm : chép • Hán-Nôm : trách
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|姚
|嘖
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|姜
|嘟
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaŋ) : phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ) + semantic 女 (“female”) \ Commonly assumed to be related to 羌 (OC *kʰlaŋ) (Pulleyblank, 2000), though not necessarily (Schuessler, 2007); 羊 (OC *laŋ, “sheep”) in the graphs may be just phonetic or also semantic, signifying "names referring to nomads" (Schuessler, 2009).
| ‖  ‖ Onomatopoeic.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiong • Middle-Chinese : kjang
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dyut¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : too • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dut¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dyut¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : too • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tu
|a surname • (mythology) name of a river, identified as a Qi stream near Mount Qi (Commentary on the Water Classic)
|Only used in 嘟囔 (dūnang). ‖ (regional, colloquial) to pout; to pucker up ‖ (of a car) to honk; to beep • (Cantonese, onomatopeia) beep sound • (Cantonese, euphemistic) bleep (as a replacement of any profanity) • (Cantonese) to tap a card; to swipe a card • (Cantonese, computing) to scan
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|嘟 • (do) · 嘟 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to)
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|姜 • (gang) · 姜 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang)
|Hán-Nôm : đua • Hán-Nôm : đùa • Hán-Nôm : đô
|a surname
|Hán-Nôm : Khương • Hán-Nôm : khương • Hán-Nôm : cưng • Hán-Nôm : gừng
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|姜
|嘟
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|姥
|嘩
|Etymology 1: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːʔ, *maːʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 老 (OC *ruːʔ). \ Etymology 2: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 女 + 老. \ See 老 (lǎo). ‖ See 母 (mǔ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraː) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 華 (OC *qʰʷraː, *ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraː) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 華 (OC *qʰʷraː, *ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraː) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 華 (OC *qʰʷraː, *ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraː) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 華 (OC *qʰʷraː, *ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ló ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁵ • Middle-Chinese : muX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hua • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâ • Middle-Chinese : xwae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hua ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : huā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hua ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : waa³
|Same as 老 (lǎo). • maternal grandparent ‖ old woman • mother • a surname
|to make noise; to be noisy; to be uproarious ‖ (onomatopoeia) sound of flowing or gurgling water • (onomatopoeia) thump; clang; sound of crashing ‖ (Southern Min) to joke around; to laugh and play • (Southern Min) to make noise; to bustle ‖ (Cantonese) wow!; whoa! (used to express surprise or admiration)
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|old woman
|noisy
|姥 (eum 모 (mo))
|嘩 • (hwa) · 嘩 • (hwa) (hangeul 화, revised hwa, McCune–Reischauer hwa)
|maternal grandmother • midwife
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|Hán-Nôm : mỗ • Hán-Nôm : mụ
|Hán-Nôm : hoa
|(negative) old lady
|姥
|-
|姦
|Characters in the same phonetic series (姦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : Triplication of 女 (“woman”). ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kan • Middle-Chinese : kaen ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kán
|evil; wicked; treacherous • evildoer; treacherous person • to stage an armed rebellion or to steal • traitor; betrayer • to commit adultery • extramarital affair; adultery • to rape ‖ (Hokkien, vulgar) to fuck • (Mainland China Hokkien, vulgar) to swear; to curse • (Taiwanese Hokkien, vulgar) an interjection used to express one's anger: fuck! • (Singapore Hokkien, slang, vulgar) to scold
| ‖ 姦(かん) • (kan) -na (adnominal 姦(かん)な (kan na), adverbial 姦(かん)に (kan ni)) ‖ 姦(かん) • (kan)
|wicked • mischief • seduce • rape • noisy ‖ wicked ‖ wickedness, wicked person
|姦 (eumhun 간음할 간 (ganeumhal gan))
|hanja form of 간 (“evil; wicked; treacherous”) • hanja form of 간 (“to rape; to fornicate”)
|Hán-Nôm : gian
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|姦
|嘩
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|-
|姨
|嘮
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lil) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 夷 (OC *lil).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːw, *hr'aːw) : semantic 口 + phonetic 勞 (OC *raːw, *raːws). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːw, *hr'aːw) : semantic 口 + phonetic 勞 (OC *raːw, *raːws). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːw, *hr'aːw) : semantic 口 + phonetic 勞 (OC *raːw, *raːws). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːw, *hr'aːw) : semantic 口 + phonetic 勞 (OC *raːw, *raːws).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yij
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --lo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠ • Middle-Chinese : trhaew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ
|maternal aunt (mother's sister) • sister-in-law (wife's sister) • aunt (a term of address for a woman around one's mother's age or slightly younger) • (historical) father's concubine
|to nag; to talk on and on; to chatter ‖ (dialectal) to talk; to chat ‖ Only used in 嘮呶／唠呶 (“to be noisy”). ‖ Alternative form of 詨／𰵦 (xiào, “sound of interjection”)
| ‖ 姨(い) • (i)
| ‖ a wife's sister; more specifically, a wife's younger sister • a mother's sister, a maternal aunt • a mistress (extramarital female lover); more specifically, a father's mistress
|姨 • (i) · 姨 • (i) (hangeul 이, revised i, McCune–Reischauer i)
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|Hán-Nôm : di • Hán-Nôm : dì
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|姨
|嘮 • (cho) · 嘮 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o)
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|姪
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *diːɡ, *diɡ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 至 (OC *tjiɡs). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b/m-ləj (“grandchild; nephew”) + *-t (“nominalizing final”). Cognate with Burmese မြေး (mre:, “grandchild”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsi̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsit • Middle-Chinese : drit • Middle-Chinese : det
|fraternal nephew or niece (originally only of a woman, but also of a man after the Jìn dynasty) • child of a (male) friend in the same generation • Used to call oneself before someone in one's father's generation.
| ‖ 姪(めい) • (mei) ^(←めひ (mefi)?)
| ‖ the daughter of one's sibling; a niece
|姪 • (jil, jeol) · 姪 • (jil, jeol) (hangeul 질, 절, revised jil, jeol, McCune–Reischauer chil, chŏl)
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|Hán-Nôm : đẹt
|Hán-Nôm : lao
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|姪
|嘮
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|-
|娃
|嘯
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreː) : semantic 女 + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː). ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɯːwɢs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 肅 (OC *sɯwɢ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄚˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua • Middle-Chinese : 'ea ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄚˊ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siàu • Middle-Chinese : sewH
|beautiful • beautiful girl • girl; lady; female • child; kid; infant • child (son or daughter) • (regional) son • (regional) young animal • doll ‖ a surname
|to whistle • to howl; to roar; to scream; to cry • (Taoism) type of breathing exercise involving vocalizations
| ‖ 娃(あい) • (ai)
| ‖ 嘯(うそ) • (uso) ‖ 嘯(うそふき) • (usofuki) ‖ 嘯(うそぶき) • (usobuki)
|beautiful (used only for names) ‖ beauty, beautiful girl (generally only used in names)
|to whistle ‖ (archaic, possibly obsolete) a whistle (sound), a whistling sound ‖ the clownish “whistling” mask used in 狂言 (kyōgen, “a farce performed between noh plays”, literally “crazy talk”) ‖ whistling, making a whistling sound
|娃 • (wae) · 娃 • (wae) (hangeul 왜)
|嘯 • (so) · 嘯 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so)
|baby • doll • pretty girl
|roar, howl, scream • whistle
|Hán-Nôm : oa
|Hán-Nôm : khiếu
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|娃
|嘯
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|-
|娛
|嘰
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Middle-Chinese : kj+j
|to eat a little • to sigh • An onomatopoeia.
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Middle-Chinese : ngju • Middle-Chinese : nguH
|to amuse; to entertain • amusing; entertaining • amusement; enjoyment; pleasure • entertainment
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|recreation
|嘰 • (gi) · 嘰 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki)
|娛 • (o) · 娛 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o)
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|Hán-Nôm : ngu
|Hán-Nôm : kí
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|娛
|嘰
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|娜
|嘱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *naːlʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 那 (OC *naːl, *naːlʔ, *naːls). ‖ Pronunciation from modern pronunciation of its phonetic part 那 (nà). Originally used to transcribe foreign female personal names, then also used in Chinese female personal names.
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : no⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ná • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ló • Middle-Chinese : naX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : no⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ló • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ná • Hokkien · Tai-lo : na • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nā
|beautiful; graceful ‖ Used in female personal names.
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|graceful
|娜 • (na) · 娜 • (na) (hangeul 나, revised na, McCune–Reischauer na)
|elegant • graceful • delicate
|Hán-Nôm : na • Hán-Nôm : nạ
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|娜
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|娟
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʷen) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 肙 (OC *qʷeːns).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuan
|^† beautiful; graceful
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|entrust • request
|嘱 • (chok) · 嘱 • (chok) (hangeul 촉, revised chok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ok)
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|娟 (eumhun 예쁠 연 (yeppeul yeon))
|Hán-Nôm : chúc
|hanja form of 연 (“beautiful”)
|Hán-Nôm : Quyên
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|娟
|嘱
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|娠
|噎
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjɯns, *hljɯn) : semantic 女 (“female”) + phonetic 辰 (OC *djɯn) \ From 震 (OC *tjɯn, “to shake; to rouse”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qiːɡ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 壹 (OC *qlid).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sin • Middle-Chinese : syin • Middle-Chinese : tsyinH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : eh • Middle-Chinese : 'et
|to be pregnant
|to choke • to breathe against the wind with difficulty • burp; belch • (dialectal) to render somebody speechless by saying something blunt or rule • (literary) to block; to obstruct
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|with child
|choke • smother
|娠 (eumhun 아이 밸 신 (ai bael sin))
|噎 • (yeol) · 噎 • (yeol) (hangeul 열, revised yeol, McCune–Reischauer yŏl)
|hanja form of 신 (“with child”)
|Hán-Nôm : thần
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|娠
|Hán-Nôm : ế • Hán-Nôm : nhắc • Hán-Nôm : nhắt • Hán-Nôm : nhốt
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|噎
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|娥
|噓
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ)
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰa, *qʰas) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 虛 (OC *kʰa, *qʰa) – to exhale, blow out from the mouth. Note that 虛／虚 (xū) means empty, void, hence connotations of “empty via the mouth”. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰa, *qʰas) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 虛 (OC *kʰa, *qʰa) – to exhale, blow out from the mouth. Note that 虛／虚 (xū) means empty, void, hence connotations of “empty via the mouth”. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰa, *qʰas) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 虛 (OC *kʰa, *qʰa) – to exhale, blow out from the mouth. Note that 虛／虚 (xū) means empty, void, hence connotations of “empty via the mouth”.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngo⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Middle-Chinese : nga
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi¹ • Middle-Chinese : xjo • Middle-Chinese : xjoH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoe¹
|good; beautiful • beautiful woman • (Chinese mythology) Short for 娥皇 (Éhuáng, “Ehuang”). • (Chinese mythology) Short for 嫦娥 (Cháng'é, “Chang'e, the Chinese goddess of the moon”). • eyebrow • a surname
|to slowly exhale • to sigh; to lament • to praise; to flatter • to heat by steam or fire ‖ (Mandarin, interjection) hush! shh! ‖ hooting; boo; disapproval sound • to boo
| ‖
|lie, falsehood ‖
|噓 • (heo) · 噓 • (heo) (hangeul 허, revised heo, McCune–Reischauer hŏ)
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|Hán-Nôm : hờ • Hán-Nôm : hư
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|娥 • (a) · 娥 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a)
|噓
|-
|噗
|Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 菐 (pú).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pho̍k
|(onomatopoeia) the sound of sudden laughter, outgassing, the release of liquid or gas generally, etc.
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|Hán-Nôm : nga
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|娥
|-
|娶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰloʔ, *sʰlos, *slo) : phonetic 取 (OC *sʰloːʔ, *sʰloʔ) + semantic 女. \ Exoactive of 取 (OC *sʰloːʔ, *sʰloʔ, “to take; to obtain; to collect; to fetch”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare the etymology of 嫁. \ In Min Nan, the vernacular reading is instead from 𤆬 (chhōa, “to lead; to guide”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshū • Middle-Chinese : tshjuH
|(of a man) to marry; to take (a wife)
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|娶 (eum 취 (chwi))
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|Hán-Nôm : thú
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|娶
|噗
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|-
|婉
|噙
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Middle-Chinese : 'jwonX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kam⁴
|(literary) gentle; tender; tactful • (literary) beautiful; graceful; elegant
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|graceful
|婉 (eum 완 (wan))
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|Hán-Nôm : uyển • Hán-Nôm : uốn
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|婉
|-
|婢
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *peʔ, *beʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 卑 (OC *pe). May also be considered a ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + semantic 卑 (“low, inferior”), especially in light of its etymology. \ Endoactive of 卑 (bēi, “low, inferior”) (i.e., what is low, what is inferior). Possible allofam of 嬖 (bì, “favorite person, favorite concubine”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pī • Middle-Chinese : bjieX
|female slave • (humble) Self-designation used by females in ancient China: your servant
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|maidservant • female slave
|婢 • (bi) · 婢 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi)
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|Hán-Nôm : tì
|Hán-Nôm : gầm
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|婢
|噙
|-
|-
|婪
|噢
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·ruːm) : phonetic 林 (OC *ɡ·rɯm) + semantic 女 (“woman”).
| ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁴ • Middle-Chinese : lom
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu² • Middle-Chinese : 'juX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Middle-Chinese : 'juwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ou³ ‖
|to covet; to be avaricious; to be greedy
|Only used in 噢咻. ‖ Only used in 噢咿. ‖ interjection for pain, sadness; realization: "Oh!" ‖ Sentence-final particle used to indicate a monishing tone. • Sentence-final particle used to indicate an informative tone.
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|covetous • ravenous
|婪 • (ram) · 婪 • (ram) (hangeul 람, revised ram, McCune–Reischauer ram)
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|Hán-Nôm : lam
|噢 • (uk, u) · 噢 • (uk, u) (hangeul 욱, 우)
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|婪
|Hán-Nôm : úc • Hán-Nôm : ủ • Hán-Nôm : ục
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|噢
|-
|-
|媚
|噤
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrils) : semantic 女 + phonetic 眉 (OC *mril).
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mī • Middle-Chinese : mijH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gam³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hīm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìm • Middle-Chinese : gimX • Middle-Chinese : gimH
|charming; attractive • to flatter; to fawn on; to curry favor • (literary) to love
|to close one's mouth and be silent; to be unable to speak • to shiver, to tremble
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|
|flatter • humor • flirt
|shut up
|媚 (eum 미 (mi))
|噤 • (geum) · 噤 • (geum) (hangeul 금, revised geum, McCune–Reischauer kŭm)
|charming • attractive • flatter
|close • be silent, be unable speak
|Hán-Nôm : mị
|Hán-Nôm : gặm
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|
|媚
|噤
|-
|-
|媛
|噥
| ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rnuːŋ, *nuːŋ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 農 (OC *nuːŋ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uān • Middle-Chinese : hjwenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hjwon
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nung⁴ • Middle-Chinese : nowng • Middle-Chinese : nraewng
|(literary) beauty; beautiful woman • (archaic) beautiful; fine ‖ Only used in 嬋媛／婵媛 (chányuán).
|
| ‖ 媛(えん) • (en) ^(←ゑん (wen)?) ‖ 媛(ひめ) • (hime)
|princess • a beauty; a beautiful woman ‖ a beauty; a beautiful woman ‖ Alternative form of 姫
|媛 (eumhun 미녀 원 (minyeo won))
|hanja form of 원 (“a beauty”)
|Hán-Nôm : viện
|a beauty; a beautiful woman
|媛
|-
|媳
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slɯɡ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 息 (OC *slɯɡ).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sit
|daughter-in-law
|
|
|
|
|媳 (eum 식 (sik))
|噥 (eum 농 (nong))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tức
|Hán-Nôm : nũng
|
|
|媳
|噥
|-
|-
|嫂
|噫
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *suːwʔ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 叟 (OC *suːʔ) \ * Mandarin \ *:(Pinyin): sǎo (sao³) \ *:(Zhuyin): ㄙㄠˇ \ * Cantonese (Jyutping): sou² \ * Hakka \ *: (Sixian, PFS): só \ *: (Meixian, Guangdong): sau³ \ * Eastern Min (BUC): sō̤ \ * Southern Min \ *: (Hokkien, POJ): só / só͘ \ *: (Teochew, Peng'im): so² / sao² \ * Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵sau \ * Mandarin \ ** (Standard Chinese)⁺ \ *** Hanyu Pinyin: sǎo \ *** Zhuyin: ㄙㄠˇ \ *** Tongyong Pinyin: sǎo \ *** Wade–Giles: sao³ \ *** Yale: sǎu \ *** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sao \ *** Palladius: сао (sao) \ *** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /sɑʊ̯²¹⁴/ \ * Cantonese \ ** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong) \ *** Jyutping: sou² \ *** Yale: sóu \ *** Cantonese Pinyin: sou² \ *** Guangdong Romanization: sou² \ *** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /sou̯³⁵/ \ * Hakka \ ** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong) \ *** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: só \ *** Hakka Romanization System: so` \ *** Hagfa Pinyim: so³ \ *** Sinological IPA: /so³¹/ \ ** (Meixian) \ *** Guangdong: sau³ \ *** Sinological IPA: /sau³¹/ \ * Eastern Min \ ** (Fuzhou) \ *** Bàng-uâ-cê: sō̤ \ *** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /so³³/ \ * Southern Min \ ** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese) \ *** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: só \ *** Tâi-lô: só \ *** Phofsit Daibuun: soir \ *** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sɤ⁴¹/ \ *** IPA (Quanzhou): /so⁵⁵⁴/ \ *** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /so⁵³/ \ ** (Hokkien: Quanzhou) \ *** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: só͘ \ *** Tâi-lô: sóo \ *** Phofsit Daibuun: sor \ *** IPA (Quanzhou): /sɔ⁵⁵⁴/ \ ** (Teochew) \ *** Peng'im: so² / sao² \ *** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: só / sáu \ *** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /so⁵²/, /sau⁵²/ \ Note: \ *so2 - vernacular; \ *sao2 - literary. \ * Wu \ ** (Northern: Shanghai) \ *** Wugniu: ⁵sau \ *** MiniDict: sau^去 \ *** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²sau \ *** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sɔ³⁴/ \ ---- \ * Middle Chinese: sawX \ * Old Chinese \ *: (Zhengzhang): /*suːwʔ/ ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrɯːɡs, *qɯ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 意 (OC *qɯɡs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrɯːɡs, *qɯ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 意 (OC *qɯɡs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrɯːɡs, *qɯ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 意 (OC *qɯɡs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'i ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aai³ • Middle-Chinese : 'eajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ
|(Classical) alas; sigh (expressing regret or grief) • huh; wow; eh (expressing surprise or wonder) ‖ to belch; to burp • (obsolete) to exhale; to blow ‖ Alternative form of 抑 (yì, “but; however”)
| ‖  
| ‖  
|sister-in-law (older brother's wife) • friend's wife ‖ (Hong Kong Cantonese, university slang) Alternative form of soc
|exclamation • burp, belch ‖
|噫 (eumhun 한숨 쉴 희 (hansum swil hui)) ‖ 噫 (eumhun 트림할 애 (teurimhal ae))
|hanja form of 희 (“to sigh; to groan”) • (literary) hanja form of 희 (“alas (expressing regret or surprise)”) ‖ hanja form of 애 (“to belch; to burp”)
|Hán-Nôm : y
|
|
|elder brother's wife
|噫
|嫂 (eumhun 형수 수 (hyeongsu su))
|-
|hanja form of 수 (“sister-in-law; elder brother's wife”)
|噬
|Hán-Nôm : tẩu • Hán-Nôm : dâu
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djads) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 筮 (OC *djads). \ Sagart (2021c) revises the Old Chinese reconstruction as *m-tet-s, from volitional prefix *m- + a root *tet-s (“to bite”), from which 瘈 (OC *k(ə)-tet-s, “mad; rabid (dog)”) also derives.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sī • Middle-Chinese : dzyejH
|to bite; to gnaw
|
|
|嫂
|-
|嫡
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik¹ • Middle-Chinese : traek • Middle-Chinese : tek
|噬 • (seo) · 噬 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ)
|primary wife; legal wife • primary wife; legal wife · of or by the legal wife • Short for 嫡子 (dízǐ, “son of one's legal wife”). • of lineal descent; closely related • orthodox; authentic
|
|
|legitimate wife
|Hán-Nôm : phè
|嫡 (eumhun 정실(正室) 적)
|hanja form of 적 (“legitimate wife”)
|Hán-Nôm : đích
|
|
|嫡
|噬
|-
|-
|嫩
|噯
|Corrupted form of 㜛. \ Unclear. Possibly as variant of 耎 (OC) ~ 輭 (OC *nonʔ); alternatively, related to Burmese နုန့် (nun., “weak, exhausted from illness”), yet this meaning barely overlaps with "soft to touch" (Schuessler, 2007). ‖  
| ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nyun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lūn • Middle-Chinese : nwonH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nyun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lūn
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ
|tender; delicate • inexperienced; unskilled • (of food) tender; soft • (of colour) light • (Eastern Min) small ‖ Used in transcription. • (Protestantism) Nun (father of Joshua)
|An interjection expressing disagreement or negation. • Synonym of 噯氣／嗳气 (ǎiqì, “to belch; to burp”) ‖ An interjection expressing annoyance or regret.
|
|
|young • weak
|嫩 (eumhun 어릴 눈 (eoril nun))
|soft, tender, delicate • young
|Hán-Nôm : non • Hán-Nôm : nộn • Hán-Nôm : nỏn • Hán-Nôm : nồn • Hán-Nôm : nõn • Hán-Nôm : nọn
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|
|嫩
|噯 • (ae) · 噯 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae)
|
|Hán-Nôm : áy
|
|噯
|-
|-
|孕
|噱
|Pictogram (象形) – a pregnant woman with a fetus.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : īn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : īng • Middle-Chinese : yingH
|to be pregnant • foetus • to contain
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : koek⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kek⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coek³ • Middle-Chinese : gjak
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|
|孕 • (ing) · 孕 • (ing) (hangeul 잉, revised ing, McCune–Reischauer ing)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : dựng • Hán-Nôm : dằng • Hán-Nôm : dửng • Hán-Nôm : rặng • Hán-Nôm : nững • Hán-Nôm : dững
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|
|孕
|噱 • (gyak) · 噱 • (gyak) (hangeul 갹, revised gyak, McCune–Reischauer kyak)
|-
|孩
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯː) : semantic 子 + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ). \ Smith (2011) groups this word along with these items into a word family meaning “root, germ, generative core”: \ * 荄 (OC *kɯː, “grassroot”), and its derivative 根 (OC *kɯːn, “root”), \ * 核 (OC *ɡrɯːɡ, “germ, kernel”), \ * 骸 (OC *ɡrɯː, “(human) bones”), \ * 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ, “sprouting stage”), i.e. "the moon’s first appearance" > "twelfth earthly branch". \ He suggests a derivation from 荄 (OC *kɯː) by voicing, glossing 孩 as “to sprout”; the derivation is not explained any further. However, this sense does not seem to be attested.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâi • Middle-Chinese : hoj
|child; youngster; baby • (literary) young and small; childish • (literary) to have tender affection for • (literary) to regard as a child • (obsolete) Alternative form of 咳 (hái, “(of baby) to giggle; to laugh”) • a surname
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|Hán-Nôm : cược • Hán-Nôm : hước • Hán-Nôm : hược
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|
|孩 • (hae) · 孩 • (hae) (hangeul 해, revised hae, McCune–Reischauer hae)
|噱
|-
|噸
|Borrowed from English ton. For Taiwanese Hokkien tòng, via Japanese トン (ton).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tùn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòng
|Classifier for metric ton. • Classifier for ton; tonne. • Classifier for registered ton.
| ‖ 噸(とん) or 噸(トン) • (ton)
| ‖ トン: ton
|噸 • (ton) · 噸 • (ton) (hangeul 톤, McCune–Reischauer t'on)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : hài • Hán-Nôm : hời
|Hán-Nôm : đốn
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|孩
|噸
|-
|-
|孰
|噹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djɯwɢ) : phonetic 𦎫 () + semantic 丮. In modern script 𦎫 and 丮 have corrupted into 享 and 丸 respectively. \ From *du + *-k (“distributive suffix”); cognate with 誰 (OC *djul, “who”), 疇 (OC *du, “who”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍k • Middle-Chinese : dzyuwk
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tang
|Original form of 熟 (shú). • emphatic or interrogative pronoun · who; whoever; whomever • emphatic or interrogative pronoun · what; what else; whatever • emphatic or interrogative pronoun · which; which one (what among the explicitly or implicitly mentioned)
|the sound of bells
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|which, how, who
|孰 (eum 숙 (suk))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thục
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|孰
|-
|孵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰuw) : semantic 卵 (“egg”) + phonetic 孚 (OC *pʰuw).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pū • Middle-Chinese : phju
|to sit on eggs; to hatch; to incubate
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|孵 (eumhun 알 깔 부 (al kkal bu))
|hanja form of 부 (“hatch”)
|Hán-Nôm : lộn • Hán-Nôm : phu
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|
|孵
|噹
|-
|-
|學
|嚀
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated 敎 (“to teach”) + 𦥑 (“mingling hands; hands-on learning”) + 宀 (“house; roofed building”) – a child learns in a roofed place. See 敎／教 for more. \ In the modern form, 宀 has corrupted to 冖 (“cover”), and the hands 𦥑 around the 爻 have become connected with the roof 冖 on top of the child 子. Ancient forms include 斆 and 斅, which preserve more of 敎. Shuowen regards 𦥑 as the phonetic component in the character, which may be true according to some Old Chinese reconstructions such as that of Pan Wuyun's, though probably not others. \ The earliest oracle bone script forms may be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruːɡ) : semantic 爻 + phonetic 六 (OC *ruɡ). \ May be an endopassive derivation of 覺 (OC *kruːɡs, *kruːɡ, “to awake, get insight”). Ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kruk (“to rouse; to awaken; to disturb”). ‖  ‖  
| ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha̍k • Middle-Chinese : haewk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄝˊ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˊ • Middle-Chinese : neng ‖  
|to comprehend; to realise; to understand • (transitive) to learn; to study • to imitate; to copy; to mimic • school • learning; knowledge • theory; doctrine • subject; branch of learning; science; -ology • (Cantonese) like; as ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 斆／敩 (xiào, “to teach; to instruct; to train”) ‖ Used in 學鳩／学鸠.
|to enjoin ‖ (Taishanese) that • (Taishanese) there
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 学 • learning, knowledge, school
|學 (eumhun 배울 학 (bae'ul hak))
|hanja form of 학 (“to learn, to study; to be taught”) [affix] • hanja form of 학 (“-logy, -ics, -graphy, study of...”) [suffix]
|canonical : 學: Hán Việt readings: học 學: Nôm readings: học • canonical : hục
|chữ Hán form of học (“to learn, to study”). • chữ Hán form of học (“(suffix) subject; branch of learning; -ology”).
|學
|-
|孽
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gia̍t • Middle-Chinese : ngjet
|嚀 • (nyeong) · 嚀 • (nyeong) (hangeul 녕, revised nyeong, McCune–Reischauer nyŏng)
|son of a concubine • ghost; monster • disaster; calamity • evil; sin • treacherous; evil • (Hokkien) naughty; mischievous
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ninh
|
|
|孽 (eumhun 서자(庶子) 얼)
|嚀
|Alternative form of 孼 (“hanja form of 얼 (“son of a concubine”)”)
|canonical : 孽: Hán Việt readings: nghiệt 孽: Nôm readings: nghiệt • canonical : nghét • canonical : nghẹt • canonical : nghịt
|chữ Hán form of nghiệt (“harsh, cruel, stern, ruthless”).
|孽
|-
|-
|它
|嚅
|Characters in the same phonetic series (它) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) : a snake. This is now written as the derivative 蛇 (OC *l̥ʰaːl, *ɦljaːl, *lal). \ The character was later borrowed for the then-homophonous third-person pronoun (“he/she/it”). Today 他 (tā) is used for male or gender-unspecified “he” and 她 (tā) for “she”. ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (它) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) : a snake. This is now written as the derivative 蛇 (OC *l̥ʰaːl, *ɦljaːl, *lal). \ The character was later borrowed for the then-homophonous third-person pronoun (“he/she/it”). Today 他 (tā) is used for male or gender-unspecified “he” and 她 (tā) for “she”. ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (它) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) : a snake. This is now written as the derivative 蛇 (OC *l̥ʰaːl, *ɦljaːl, *lal). \ The character was later borrowed for the then-homophonous third-person pronoun (“he/she/it”). Today 他 (tā) is used for male or gender-unspecified “he” and 她 (tā) for “she”.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tha • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô • Middle-Chinese : tha ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ
|third-person singular pronoun for inanimate objects; it • (chiefly simplified Chinese) third-person singular pronoun for animals; it • (obsolete) general third-person singular pronoun; he; she; they (singular); it • A dummy pronoun. • crooked; evil • a surname ‖ Used in 它它藉藉／它它借借. • Alternative form of 駝／驼 (tuó) ‖ Only used in 它它.
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : nyu
|Used in compounds.
|
|
|
|
|嚅 (eum 유 (yu))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : dà • Hán-Nôm : đà • Hán-Nôm : tha
|Hán-Nôm : nheo
|
|
|它
|嚅
|-
|-
|宋
|嚏
|Characters in the same phonetic series (宋) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːɡs) : semantic 口 + phonetic 疐 (OC *tiːɡs, *tiɡs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sòng • Middle-Chinese : sowngH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tè • Middle-Chinese : tejH
|(～朝) Song dynasty of China (960–1279), reigning from the end of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms to the beginning of the Yuan • Song or Liu Song (420–479), the first of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties period • a surname, listed 118th in the Baijiaxing • (～國) Song, a state during the Zhou dynasty of ancient China • A Chinese constellation, considered a part of the Left Wall of the Heavenly Market Enclosure
|to sneeze
| ‖ 宋(そう) • (Sō)
|
|Song (Chinese dynasty) ‖ Song (former Chinese dynasty): · name of the state during the Zhou dynasty • Song (former Chinese dynasty): · the 劉宋 (Ryūsō), around 420-479 • Song (former Chinese dynasty): · the 北宋 (Hokusō, “Northern Song”) and 南宋 (Nansō, “Southern Song”) dynasties, spanning around 960-1279 • a surname
|sneeze
|宋 (eum 송 (song))
|嚏 • (che) · 嚏 • (che) (hangeul 체, revised che, McCune–Reischauer ch'e)
|referring to the Song Dynasty (宋朝) • A surname
|
|Hán-Nôm : tống
|Hán-Nôm : xì
|
|
|宋
|嚏
|-
|-
|宏
|嚕
| ‖ Compare Mandarin 嗡 (wēng).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 魯 (OC *raːʔ). ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : wang⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : hweang ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : wang¹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lu³
|(originally referring to houses) wide; spacious; great; vast • extensive • loud and clear; resounding • (alt. form 弘) to enlarge; to expand • (computing) macro (comparatively human-friendly abbreviation of complex input to a computer program) • a surname ‖ buzzing sound • buzzing; humming; making a humming sound
|Used in compounds. ‖ (Cantonese) Used at the end of a sentence to indicate relief due to change of state. • (Cantonese) Used at the end of a sentence to indicate disappointment due to change of state.
| ‖ 宏(ひろし) • (Hiroshi)
|
| ‖ a male given name
|
|嚕 • (ro) · 嚕 • (ro) (hangeul 로, revised ro, McCune–Reischauer ro)
|
|
|large; great
|Hán-Nôm : lỗ • Hán-Nôm : rủa • Hán-Nôm : sủa • Hán-Nôm : ruả
|Hán-Nôm : hoãng • Hán-Nôm : hoành • Hán-Nôm : giang
|
|
|宏
|嚕
|-
|-
|宦
|嚥
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“house”) + 臣 (“servant”) – slave; servant. \ Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)(j)wal (“slave; servant”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan ཁོལ་པོ (khol po, “servant”), Burmese ကျွန် (kywan, “slave”), Proto-Loloish *C-kywan¹ (“slave”), 倌 (OC *koːn, *kroːns).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qeːns) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 燕 (OC *qeːn, *qeːns).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huān • Middle-Chinese : hwaenH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin³ • Middle-Chinese : 'enH
|to hold public office • government official • eunuch • a surname
|to swallow
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|
|swallow, gulp
|嚥 • (yeon) · 嚥 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn)
|
|
|宦 (eumhun 벼슬 환 (byeoseul hwan))
|Hán-Nôm : yết • Hán-Nôm : en • Hán-Nôm : ẻn
|hanja form of 환 (“eunuch”)
|Hán-Nôm : hoạn
|
|
|宦
|嚥
|-
|-
|寇
|嚨
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) - a person who holds a stick (卜) with his hand (又), about to beat the head (元) of another person, under the other persons own roof (宀). In Oracle bone script, two hands are holding the stick. In modern form, 卜 and 又 have merged into one character (攴), and is partially surrounded by 元. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-kəw ~ hu (“to steal”). Compare Tibetan རྐུ (rku, “to steal”) and Burmese ခိုး (hkui:, “to steal”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːŋ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiò • Middle-Chinese : khuwH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Middle-Chinese : luwng
|bandit; thief; invader • foe; enemy • to rob; to plunder • to invade • a surname
|Used in compounds.
|
|
|foe, enemy, rival • resentment, enmity, grudge • harm, injury
|throat
|寇 (eumhun 도둑 구 (doduk gu))
|嚨 • (rong) · 嚨 • (rong) (hangeul 롱, revised rong, McCune–Reischauer rong)
|hanja form of 구 (“bandit; thief; invader”)
|throat
|canonical : 寇: Hán Việt readings: khấu 寇: Nôm readings: kháu • canonical : khấu
|Hán-Nôm : lùng
|
|
|寇
|嚨
|-
|-
|寓
|嚮
|
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gī • Middle-Chinese : ngjuH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoeng³ • Middle-Chinese : xjangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoeng² • Middle-Chinese : xjangX
|(literary, or in compounds) to dwell; to reside; to house • (literary, or in compounds) residence; dwelling • (literary, or in compounds) to impute; to attribute; to ascribe in intended meaning; to imply • a surname: Yu
|to turn toward; to approach • toward; facing; against • direction, side, face • to look out on • in the past; previously ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 享 • (obsolete) Alternative form of 響／响
|
|
|temporary abode • imply • suggest
|guide, lead • favor, prefer
|寓 (eum 우 (u))
|嚮 • (hyang) · 嚮 • (hyang) (hangeul 향, revised hyang, McCune–Reischauer hyang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ngụ
|Hán-Nôm : hướng • Hán-Nôm : hưởng
|
|
|寓
|嚮
|-
|-
|寞
|嚶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːŋ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 嬰 (OC *qeŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'eang
|(onomatopoeia) the call of a bird
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bo̍k • Middle-Chinese : mak
|chirping • birds singing together
|lonely; desolate
|嚶 • (aeng) · 嚶 • (aeng) (hangeul 앵, revised aeng, McCune–Reischauer aeng)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : inh
|
|
|寞 (eumhun 쓸쓸할 막 (sseulsseulhal mak))
|嚶
|hanja form of 막 (“lonely; desolate”)
|Hán-Nôm : mịch
|
|寞
|-
|-
|寢
|囀
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰimʔ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 宀 (“roof”) + semantic 爿 (“bed”) + phonetic 𠬶 (“broom and hand”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-(d)z(i/u)m (“sleep”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan གཟིམ (gzim, “to sleep; to fall asleep”). ‖ Compare 這馬／这马 (chit-má, chím-má, chím-á).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tons) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 轉 (OC *tonʔ, *tons). \ Onomatopoetic.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cam² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshím • Middle-Chinese : tshimX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshím
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun³ • Middle-Chinese : trjwenH
|to sleep; to lie down • bedroom • (literary) to stop; to halt • (historical) imperial tomb; ancestral chamber ‖ (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to approach; to draw near; to imminently occur • (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) just; just now; a moment ago
|(of birds) to sing, to chirp, to warble, to twitter
|
|
|
|
|寢 • (chim) · 寢 • (chim) (hangeul 침, revised chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'im)
|囀 • (jeon) · 囀 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tẩm
|Hán-Nôm : chuyển
|
|
|寢
|囀
|-
|-
|寥
|囁
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Middle-Chinese : lew • Middle-Chinese : lek
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liap • Middle-Chinese : nyep • Middle-Chinese : tsyep
|empty; silent; deserted • few; scarce • lonesome; in solitude • vast; broad; expansive • profound and lasting • Alternative form of 憀 (liáo, “to rely; to depend on”)
|soft unclear voice • move the mouth as in speaking; to chatter • hesitation • (Hokkien) to talk bad behind one's back; to chatter; to have words; to speak recklessly; to fabricate slander
|
|
|lonely
|To murmur or mumble, To whisper
|寥 • (ryo) · 寥 • (ryo) (hangeul 료, revised ryo, McCune–Reischauer ryo)
|囁 (eum 섭 (seop)) · 囁 (eum 엽 (yeop))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : liêu
|Hán-Nôm : chiếp • Hán-Nôm : li • Hán-Nôm : niếp
|
|
|寥
|囁
|-
|-
|實
|囂
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“roof”) + 周 (“carved jade”) + 貝 (“shellfish; cowrie”). \ The two lower components of 周 and 貝 had combined to form 貫 (OC *koːn, *koːns, “string of cowries”), hence the incorrect analysis in Shuowen Jiezi of this character as 宀 + 貫.
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 㗊 (“four mouths; to clamor”) + 頁 (“head”) – a clamoring crowd. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 㗊 (“four mouths; to clamor”) + 頁 (“head”) – a clamoring crowd.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍t • Middle-Chinese : zyit
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hau ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ
|full; fulfilled; substantial; rich • (Classical) to fill; to load; to stuff • real; true • truth; fact; substance; reality • honest • solid • fruit (literal or figurative) • (Classical, arithmetic) dividend • (Cantonese) surely; undoubtedly; definitely • (Classical) in fact; truly; verily; actually • (Cantonese) tight • (Hokkien) packed; fully filled; stuffed • (Hokkien) clogged; blocked (due to being stuffed, packed, etc.) • (Hokkien) suffocated • (Classical) this
|to be loud; to be noisy; to clamor • arrogant ‖ (literary) Alternative form of 隞 (Áo, “Ao (capital of the Shang Dynasty)”)
| ‖ 實(みのる) • (Minoru)
|reality • truth ‖ a male given name
|實 (eumhun 열매 실 (yeolmae sil))
|hanja form of 실 (“reality; truth”) • hanja form of 실 (“(literal) fruit”)
|
|
|Noisy, talking loudly without thinking about people around you.
|囂 • (hyo) · 囂 • (hyo) (hangeul 효, revised hyo, McCune–Reischauer hyo, Yale hyo)
|clamorous, noisy
|Hán-Nôm : hiu
|
|
|實
|囂
|-
|-
|寨
|囈
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zraːds, *slɯːɡ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 𡨄 (, “to block; to block up; to jam; to plug”) + semantic 木 (“wood”).
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsēe • Middle-Chinese : dzraejH • Middle-Chinese : sok
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ngjiejH
|stockade; stronghold; fort • stockaded village • barracks • bandit den • a surname: Zhai
|to talk in one's sleep; to sleeptalk
| ‖
|fort ‖
|
|
|fort • wooden fence
|Hán-Nôm : trại
|
|
|寨
|囈 (eum 예 (ye))
|-
|寫
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sjaːʔ) : semantic 宀 + phonetic 舄 (OC *sʰjaːɡ, *sʰaɡ, *sjaːɡ, *sjaːɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sjaːʔ) : semantic 宀 + phonetic 舄 (OC *sʰjaːɡ, *sʰaɡ, *sjaːɡ, *sjaːɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siá • Middle-Chinese : sjaeX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ
|to place; to displace; to relocate • to carry; to relay • to express; to pour out (one's heart, troubles, etc.); to exhaust • to write (with a pen, brush, etc.); to write down • to copy; to transcribe • to follow; to describe; to depict • to compose (a text or work); to write; to draft; to create • to write; to fill in by writing • to draw; to sketch; to portrait • to sign; to formalise • to read; to say (to consist of certain text; to indicate in written form) • to reflect; to resemble; to echo • to rent ‖ Alternative form of 卸 (xiè, “to unload; to disassemble”) • Used in 寫意／写意 (xièyì, “comfortable; easy”). • Alternative form of 瀉／泻 (xiè, “to pour out; to leak”)
|
|
|photograph, copy, replicate, reproduce, transcribe • be photographed • describe
|Hán-Nôm : nghệ
|寫 (eumhun 베낄 사 (bekkil sa))
|hanja form of 사 (“copy”)
|Hán-Nôm : tả • Hán-Nôm : giã
|
|
|寫
|囈
|-
|-
|寬
|囉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoːn) : semantic 宀 (“house”) + phonetic 萈 (OC *ɡoːn, “goat”)—a spacious house. \ See also 家.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːl) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 羅 (OC *raːl). ‖  ‖  ‖ Borrowed from English gross (Cheung, 2007). ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : fun¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuann • Middle-Chinese : khwan
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄌㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lō • Middle-Chinese : la ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lo¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lo¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lo¹ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : --loo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --looh
|wide; broad • width • generous; magnanimous; lenient • to relax; to relieve • comfortably off; well-off • to take off • (Southern Min) slow
|annoying; noisy • to nag; to argue; to prattle; to chatter • Used in medieval Buddhist texts to transcribe the Sanskrit syllable ra. ‖ Normally used with 咪 (mai⁶); indicates that a suggestion or conclusion should be obvious. • Normally used with 咪 (mai⁶); connects a condition to a result or suggestion. • Statement-final particle used to express impatience or vexation. • Statement-final particle used to invite agreement or sympathy. ‖ (Cantonese) buttocks (Classifier: 個／个 c) ‖ (Cantonese) gross (twelve dozen, 144) ‖ (Hokkien) already; now (final perfective particle expressing completion)
|
|
|tolerant; lenient; generous
|寬 (eumhun 너그러울 관 (neogeureoul gwan))
|hanja form of 관 (“broad, wide, spacious”)
|Hán-Nôm : khoan • Hán-Nôm : khoăn
|
|
|寬
|囉 • (ra) · 囉 • (ra) (hangeul 라, revised ra, McCune–Reischauer ra)
|-
|寮
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːw) : semantic 宀 + phonetic 尞 ().
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Middle-Chinese : lew
|(literary or dialectal) small house; shack; hut • (Shehua) house (building for living) • (Shehua) home • small window • Original form of 僚 (liáo, “government officials”). • a surname • (chiefly Taiwan, Singapore) Short for 寮國 (“Laos”).
| ‖ 寮(りょう) • (ryō) ^(←れう (reu)?)
|dormitory • hostel • villa • tea pavilion ‖ dormitory, student accommodation, barracks
|寮 • (ryo) · 寮 • (ryo) (hangeul 료, revised ryo, McCune–Reischauer ryo)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lều • Hán-Nôm : liêu
|Hán-Nôm : la • Hán-Nôm : ra
|
|
|寮
|囉
|-
|-
|寶
|囌
|Oracle bone script: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“house”) + 𤣩 (“jade”) + 貝 (“cowry”) – treasures in a house. \ The phonetic component 缶 (OC *puʔ) was added to the character in bronze inscriptions. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pəw (“price”); cognate with Burmese အဖိုး (a.hpui:, “price”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Peiros and Starostin (1996) also compares it to Tibetan སྤུས (spus, “goods”). Sagart (1999) relates it to 富 (OC *pɯɡs, “rich”). Schuessler (2007) proposes that it could be the same word as 保 (OC *puːʔ, “to take care of; to consider something precious”).
|
|Cantonese · Jyutping : bou² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : póo • Middle-Chinese : pawX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sou¹
|treasure; riches; valuables; precious thing • to treasure; to cherish • to collect (treasures) • treasured; cherished • precious; valuable • (historical) jade token • term of respect, for things related to the emperor, to Buddhism, to Taoism, or to other people • (term of endearment) darling; baby; dear • (gambling) a kind of gambling device • a surname: Bao • (Sichuanese) foolish; silly; stupid
|Only used in 嚕囌／噜苏 (lūsū).
|
|
|precious objects • worldly goods • valuable possessions
|寶 (eumhun 보배 보 (bobae bo))
|hanja form of 보 (“treasure; riches; valuables; precious thing”)
|Hán-Nôm : bảo • Hán-Nôm : báu • Hán-Nôm : bửu
|
|
|寶
|-
|將
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 爿 (“bed; small table”) + semantic ⺼ (“meat”) + semantic 寸 (“hand”) – to offer meat as tribute by putting it on the table. \ The ⺼ component is on its side, hence resembles 夕 with an added dot; compare 祭, 然. \ Shuowen erroneously considers the phonetic component of 將 to be 醬 (OC *ʔsaŋs, “sauce”) (abbreviated). \ A conflation of two roots: “to take; to hold” and “will; be going to; near”. \ ; “to take; to hold” (Pronunciations 1, 2 and 3) \ ; “will; be going to; near” (Pronunciation 1) \ ; anteposed object introductory particle ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 爿 (“bed; small table”) + semantic ⺼ (“meat”) + semantic 寸 (“hand”) – to offer meat as tribute by putting it on the table. \ The ⺼ component is on its side, hence resembles 夕 with an added dot; compare 祭, 然. \ Shuowen erroneously considers the phonetic component of 將 to be 醬 (OC *ʔsaŋs, “sauce”) (abbreviated). \ A conflation of two roots: “to take; to hold” and “will; be going to; near”. \ ; “to take; to hold” (Pronunciations 1, 2 and 3) \ ; “will; be going to; near” (Pronunciation 1) \ ; anteposed object introductory particle ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 爿 (“bed; small table”) + semantic ⺼ (“meat”) + semantic 寸 (“hand”) – to offer meat as tribute by putting it on the table. \ The ⺼ component is on its side, hence resembles 夕 with an added dot; compare 祭, 然. \ Shuowen erroneously considers the phonetic component of 將 to be 醬 (OC *ʔsaŋs, “sauce”) (abbreviated). \ A conflation of two roots: “to take; to hold” and “will; be going to; near”. \ ; “to take; to hold” (Pronunciations 1, 2 and 3) \ ; “will; be going to; near” (Pronunciation 1) \ ; anteposed object introductory particle
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiang • Middle-Chinese : tsjang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàng • Middle-Chinese : tsjangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹
|will; going to • soon; in the near future • nearly; almost • nearly; almost · 78th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "on the verge" (𝍓) • just; just now • certainly; surely • to take; to hold; to fetch • by; by means of; with • also; half ... half ...; or • if; in the case that ... • Particle introducing the object of the verb, used in the same fashion as 把 but more formal. • to support; to assist • to advance; to go • to take orders; to follow • to see off; to send off • to take along; to bring • to use; to utilise • to handle; to deal with • to eat; to have • to lead; to guide • to submit to; to be obedient to • to provide for • to recuperate; to maintain; to take care of one's health • to express; to convey • (dialectal) to incite someone to action • (dialectal, of animals) to bear (an offspring); to give birth • (chess) to check • (obsolete or dialectal) Particle placed after the verb and before a resultative phrase (進來, 起來, 進去 etc.). • (Hong Kong) Short for 將軍澳／将军澳 (Jiāngjūn'ào, “Tseung Kwan O”). ‖ to command; to lead • (military) general • high-ranking military officer • (xiangqi) general; king (on the black side) • (figurative) dab hand (at something); capable person ‖ to ask; to request; to invite • Used in 將將／将将.
| ‖ 將(まさる) • (Masaru)
|Kyūjitai form of 将 ‖ a male given name
|將 (eumhun 장수(將帥) 장 (jangsu jang)) ‖ 將 (eumhun 장차(將次) 장 (jangcha jang))
|hanja form of 장 (“general; commander”) [noun] ‖ hanja form of 장 (“take, hold; from now on, in the future”) [affix]
|canonical : 將: Hán Việt readings: tướng • canonical : tương 將: Nôm readings: tướng • canonical : tương ‖ romanization : tướng • romanization : tương ‖ romanization : tương
| ‖ Chữ Hán form of tướng (“(military) general; commander”). • Chữ Hán form of tướng (“(xiangqi) a piece labeled with the character 將 in black”). ‖ Chữ Hán form of tương (“soon; in the near future”).
|將
|-
|專
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjon) : phonetic 叀 (, “spindle”) + semantic 又 (“hand”) – a hand turning a spindle or spinning wheel. Originally also written 叀. \ The 又 was later replaced by related 寸.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuan • Middle-Chinese : tsywen
|to monopolize; to take sole possession • specific; special; exclusive • expert; focused; concentrated • exclusively; specially • (Teochew) deliberately; on purpose • (obsolete) spindle; spinning wheel • a surname: Zhuan
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|專 • (jeon) · 專 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|Hán-Nôm : tô
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|
|canonical : 專: Hán Việt readings: chuyên 專: Nôm readings: choen • canonical : choèn • canonical : chuyến
|囌
|chữ Hán form of chuyên (“specific; expertise”).
|專
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|對
|囑
|In the oracle bone and bronze scripts, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 丵 (“tool for digging”) + 土 (“earth”) + 又 (“hand”). The original meaning of the character is unclear, but it may be “to develop (land)”. It was later borrowed for “to reply”. Compare 封, 邦. \ In the seal script, 又 has become the related 寸. Shuowen has two seal script forms for this character: 𡭊 (main form) and 對 (alternative form). The main form, which has a 口 (“mouth”), was probably created to specialize the character to signify “to reply”, but this form was not inherited in later scripts. Shuowen interprets the latter form (shown above) as a form that Emperor Wen of Han created by replacing 口 with 士 (“soldier; warrior”) because many of the replies were untruthful (just lip service), but it is more likely that 士 is a corruption of 土. \ Exoactive of 答 (OC *tkuːb, “to reply; to answer”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjoɡ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 屬 (OC *tjoɡ, *djoɡ).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : deoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deoi³⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uì • Middle-Chinese : twojH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Middle-Chinese : tsyowk
|correct; true; right • to treat; to deal with; to take on • (introducing the recipient of the action) towards; to • to; with regard to; concerning • according to; for • opposite; opposing • to face • paired; contrasting • to suit; to fit • to match; to cause two things to match • to respond; to answer • to check by comparing; to verify by comparing • to adjust; to set • to mix; to add • to divide in half • couplet • Classifier for pairs of objects: pair • pair • (Southern Min, Taiwanese Hakka) from • a surname
|to enjoin; to urge; to instruct • to entrust; to put into the care of; to request • words of enjoinment; advice; testament
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|
|correct, right • facing, opposed
|囑 • (chok) · 囑 • (chok) (hangeul 촉, revised chok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ok)
|對 (eumhun 대할 대 (daehal dae))
|hanja form of 대 (“to answer; to reply”) [affix] • hanja form of 대 (“to face; to confront”) [verbal root; prefix; affix] • hanja form of 대 (“to be about; to concern”) [verbal root; prefix; affix] • hanja form of 대 (“pair; contrasting pair”) [noun; affix] • hanja form of 대 (“versus”) [noun] • hanja form of 대 (“opponent; counterpart; opposite; contrasting”) [affix]
|Hán-Nôm : đỗi • Hán-Nôm : dối • Hán-Nôm : đôi • Hán-Nôm : đối • Hán-Nôm : nhói • Hán-Nôm : tối • Hán-Nôm : tụi
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|對
|Hán-Nôm : chúc
|
|囑
|-
|-
|尬
|囱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːds) : semantic 尢 + phonetic 介 (OC *kreːds). ‖ Borrowed from Hokkien 較／较.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kài • Middle-Chinese : keajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄚˋ
|Used in 尷尬／尴尬 (gāngà). • (neologism, Mainland China, Taiwan, slang) Short for 尷尬／尴尬 (gāngà). ‖ (neologism) to compete
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|Hán-Nôm : giới
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|
|尬
|囱 • (chong, chang) · 囱 • (chong, chang) (hangeul 총, 창, revised chong, chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong, ch'ang)
|-
|尸
|Pictogram (象形) - A man with his legs bending, and a side to the front. The picture is variously interpreted as either sitting or lying. \ When used as a radical, 尸 is usually derived from a variation of 人 or 亻, as in 尾.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si • Middle-Chinese : syij
|(historical) a living person who represents the dead person during a rite • dead body
| ‖
|corpse; cadaver ‖
|尸 (eum 시 (si))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thi
|Hán-Nôm : song
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|
|尸
|囱
|-
|-
|屁
|国
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰis) : semantic 尸 (“body”) + phonetic 比 (OC *piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pja-n/t/s (“fart; shit”). Cognate with Tibetan ཕྱེན (phyen), འཕྱེན ('phyen, “flatulence”), Jingpho hpyet (“to fart”).
|Simplified from 國 (或 → 玉). Also compare 囯, an unorthodox variant of 國 that contains 王 (“king”) instead of 玉 (“jade”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuì • Middle-Chinese : phjijH
|(colloquial) flatulence; fart (Classifier: 篤／笃 c) • (colloquial) buttocks; backside • (colloquial) to fart; to pass gas • (vulgar) rubbish; worthless; useless; insignificant; trivial • (vulgar, chiefly in the negative) a damn thing; (no)thing; damn all; jack shit; bugger all • (vulgar, negates the meaning of the sentence) like hell/like fuck; my ass; your ass; damn all/bugger all/fuck all
| ‖ 屁(へ) • (he)
|flatulence, fart ‖ (mildly vulgar) flatulence, fart
|屁 • (bi) · 屁 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : thí
|
|
|屁
| ‖ 国(くに) • (kuni) ‖ 国(こく) • (koku)
|-
| ‖ a land, a large place • a country in general, a region • a country as in a nation, a state • the office of emperor, the crown; affairs of state • a province of ancient Japan • the national government in ancient Japan; the national capital in ancient Japan • one's birthplace, where one is from, one's home ‖ a land, a large place • a country in general, a region • a country as in a nation, a state
|屎
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hliʔ, *hri) : phonetic 尸 (OC *hli, “body”) + semantic 米 (“rice”). The 米 component was originally three (, representing 小, as seen in ), four (, representing 少) or five dots (as seen in ) forming a ideogrammic representation of faeces in the oracle bone script, with four dots being the most common variant, thus representing a man defecating with faeces coming out of the backside. The Shang dynasty variants saw the 尸 ("body") component interchangeable with 人 ("human"); later, by the Western Zhou dynasty, 尸 variants with four dots became the dominant and sole-surviving form, however examples from this time period also exist where the 尸 component is mistaken for 尾 ("tail"), as seen in . During the Warring States period, the 少 component became corrupted into 米. \ Shuowen Jiezi does not feature the 屎 character, however it does contain 𦳊 and 𡕝. 𦳊 is listed in Shuowen as deriving from 艸 ("grass") and 胃 ("stomach"), while 𡲴 is listed as the ancient form of 徙 (“migration”), however in reality this is not the case; 𡲴 is an erroneous form of the 屎 variant containing 尾, where the tail portion of the 尾 component is mistakenly written as 火. During the Zhou dynasty, 屎 was often used as a phonetic borrowing for 徙 (OC *selʔ); moreover, during the Warring States period, the Chu script character for 徙 consisted of 屎 with an additional 辵 (modern radical form 辶) added to represent the meaning of walking. \ Following transition to the clerical script, a variety of alternative forms emerged: \ *The 米 component was replaced with phonetic component 矢 (OC *hliʔ) thus creating the variant form 𡱁; \ *Some variants added another 米 radical to create 𥻐 and 𥺶; \ *Existing variants containing the 尾 component became 𡲔 and 𡱵; \ *The body portion of 𡲴 also became further corrupted into 夂 (zhǐ), creating 𡕝; \ *The tail portion of 尾-based variants became corrupted into 巛, creating 𡲑; \ *The 尸 component corrupted into 广, creating 𢈍; \ *Even the variant form 𢈍 became corrupted, where the 广 was simplified into 宀, creating 宩. \ All of these variant forms failed to gain widespread usage, and eventually faded into obscurity while 屎 remained the dominant character variant. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kləj (“excrement”). ‖ This is a 破讀／破读 (pòdú, “isolated instance of unusual pronunciation”) found in 詩經.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sú • Middle-Chinese : syijX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Middle-Chinese : xjij
|excrement; poop (Classifier: 坨 m; 篤／笃 c; 坺 c; 箍 mn) • secretion from the body; tear, earwax, snot, etc. • residue; waste; debris • (vulgar) worthless; useless; despicable • (vulgar) useless thing • (Cantonese) bad; poor; of inferior quality ‖ Only used in 殿屎 (“to groan”).
| ‖ 屎(くそ) • (kuso) ‖ 屎(くそ) • (kuso) ‖ 屎(くそ) • (kuso-) ‖ 屎(くそ) • (-kuso) ‖ 屎(ばば) • (baba)
|excrement, feces, poop ‖ (colloquial) feces, excrement ‖ (swear word) shit ‖ A derogatory prefix. ‖ A derogatory emphasizing suffix. ‖ (children's word): poopoo, poop, dookie • (children's word): something unclean
|屎 (eumhun 똥 시 (ttong si)) · 屎 (eumhun 끙끙거릴 히 (kkeungkkeunggeoril hi))
|hanja form of 시 (“feces, excrement”)
|Hán-Nôm : thỉ • Hán-Nôm : xái
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|
|屎
|Alternative form of 國 (“hanja form of 국 (“country; state; nation; land”)”)
|canonical : 国: Hán Việt readings: quốc 国: Nôm readings: quốc
|Alternative form of 國 (“chữ Hán form of quốc (“(only in compounds) nation; state; country”).”)
|国
|-
|-
|屏
|圬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *peŋ, *peŋʔ, *beːŋ) : semantic 尸 + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *peŋ, *peŋʔ, *beːŋ) : semantic 尸 + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *peŋ, *peŋʔ, *beːŋ) : semantic 尸 + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *peŋ, *peŋʔ, *beːŋ) : semantic 尸 + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : píng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pīng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pín • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pīn • Middle-Chinese : beng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing² • Cantonese · Jyutping : beng³ • Middle-Chinese : pjiengX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥ • Middle-Chinese : pjieng
|a screen wall across the gate of a house for privacy • wall • folding screen, shield • wall scroll • to protect • to shelter • (computing) screen ‖ to remove • to dismiss • to hide • to suppress • to banish ‖ toilet ‖ Only used in 屏營／屏营 (bīngyíng).
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'u
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|屏 (eumhun 병풍 병 (byeongpung byeong))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : bình
|plaster over with layer of mud
|圬 (eum 오 (o))
|trowel
|Hán-Nôm : hũ
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|
|屏
|圬
|-
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|屑
|圭
|Originally written 㞕. \ Wang (1982) compares it to 細 (OC *snɯːls, “fine”), 碎 (OC *suːds, “shattered; fragmented”). ‖
|Pictogram (象形) : 土 + 土 – stack of (clay, jade) tablets. Duplication of 土.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : seh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : seeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sa̍p • Middle-Chinese : set ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : sut
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ke • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kui • Middle-Chinese : kwej
|bits; scraps; crumbs; fragments • (literary, or in compounds) trifling; trivial • (chiefly in the negative) to be worth doing ‖ (Hakka, Southern Min) bits; scraps; crumbs; fragments
|jade pointed at top • (historical) jade tablet used by officials when addressing the emperor in court • (historical) gui (type of ancient Chinese sundial) • a surname
| ‖ 屑(くず) or 屑(クズ) • (kuzu) ^(←くづ (kudu)?)
| ‖ 圭(けい) • (Kei)
|rubbish, waste ‖ scrap, waste, bit • human trash, or a scumbag
|square jewel • corner • angle • edge ‖ a unisex given name
|屑 • (seol) · 屑 • (seol) (hangeul 설, revised seol, McCune–Reischauer sŏl, Yale sel)
|圭 (eum 규 (gyu))
|jade pointed at top
|Hán-Nôm : quê • Hán-Nôm : khoai • Hán-Nôm : khuê • Hán-Nôm : que
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|Hán-Nôm : tiết
|圭
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|屑
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|屠
|圯
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daː, *da) : semantic 尸 (“body”) + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ). ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lɯ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 巳 (OC *ljɯʔ, *lɯs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : du ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴ • Middle-Chinese : drjo
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Middle-Chinese : yi
|to slaughter livestock; to butcher livestock • to massacre; to slaughter • butcher • a surname ‖ Only used in 休屠.
|bridge
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|
|slaughter • massacre
|屠 • (do, jeo) · 屠 • (do, jeo) (hangeul 도, 저, revised do, jeo, McCune–Reischauer to, chŏ)
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|Hán-Nôm : đồ
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|屠
|-
|屢
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ros) : semantic 尸 + phonetic 婁 (OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lír • Middle-Chinese : ljuH
|repeatedly; frequently
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|
|frequently • often • again & again
|canonical : 圯: Hán Việt readings: di 圯: Nôm readings: dãy • canonical : dẻ • canonical : dẽ • canonical : dĩ
|屢 (eumhun 창 루 (chang ru), word-initial (South Korea) 창 누 (chang nu))
|hanja form of 루/누 (“often, frequently, again and again”) • hanja form of 루/누 (“many”)
|Hán-Nôm : lũ • Hán-Nôm : cũ • Hán-Nôm : lú • Hán-Nôm : rũ • Hán-Nôm : luã • Hán-Nôm : rủ
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|屢
|圯
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|屬
|圳
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjoɡ, *djoɡ) : semantic 㞑 (“tail”) + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjoɡ, *djoɡ) : semantic 㞑 (“tail”) + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ).
| ‖ ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Middle-Chinese : dzyowk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsyowk
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsùn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsùn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄞˊ
|category; type; class • kins folk; dependent; family members • fellows; associates • subordinate; subaltern; adjutant; aide • to belong to • to be under; to be subordinate to • to be • to be born in the year of (one of the twelve animals) • (taxonomy) genus ‖ to join; to combine • to compose; to write • to gather; to congregate • Alternative form of 囑／嘱 (zhǔ, “to entrust”) • Alternative form of 囑／嘱 (zhǔ, “to exhort; to urge”) • excuse; justification • Alternative form of 矚／瞩 (zhǔ, “to concentrate one's attention on”) • to wear; to bear • to be related with • to follow • Alternative form of 注 (zhù, “to pour”)
|furrow in a field; small drainage in a field ‖ Only used in 深圳 (Shēnzhèn). ‖ The meaning of this term is uncertain.
| ‖
|
|Kyūjitai form of 属 ‖
|屬 (eumhun 무리 속 (muri sok)) ‖ 屬 (eumhun 이을 촉 (ieul chok))
|hanja form of 속 (“class; category; type”) • hanja form of 속 (“(biology, taxonomy) a genus”) ‖ (literary) hanja form of 촉 (“to join; to combine”)
|canonical : 屬: Hán Việt readings: thuộc • canonical : chúc • canonical : chú 屬: Nôm readings: thuộc • canonical : chuộc
|chữ Hán form of thuộc (“subordinate to”). • Nôm form of chuộc (“to redeem”).
|屬
|-
|屹
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gi̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gu̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : git • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gut • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gert • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kit • Middle-Chinese : ngj+t ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ
|(literary) towering • (literary) firm; unyielding ‖ Only used in 屹剌剌.
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|
|towering mountains
|圳 • (su, cheon) · 圳 • (su, cheon) (hangeul 수, 천, revised su, cheon, McCune–Reischauer su, ch'ŏn)
|屹 • (heul) · 屹 • (heul) (hangeul 흘, revised heul, McCune–Reischauer hŭl)
|Used in placename (See 深圳) • Note: the pronunciation 수(su), which is attested as standard in most of Korean hanja dictionaries, is reconstructed from Fanqie, whereas 천(cheon) is derived from the modern Chinese pronunciation. As this hanja is not used in common Sino-Korean words, 천 is used in most of Korean dialogues and documents.
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ngật
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|屹
|圳
|-
|-
|岐
|坍
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡe) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 支 (OC *kje)
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰaːm) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 丹 (OC *taːn).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gjie
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan¹
|Used in 岐山 (Qíshān). • Alternative form of 歧 (qí) • Used in compounds. • a surname
|to collapse; to topple
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|
|
|branch off • fork in road
|坍 (eum 담 (dam))
|岐 (eum 기 (gi))
|
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|Hán-Nôm : kì
|canonical : 坍: Nôm readings: đàn • canonical : than
|
|
|岐
|坍
|-
|-
|岔
|坩
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 分 (“split; division”) + 山 (“mountain”)
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːm, *kʰaːm) : semantic 土 (“earth; dirt”) + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːm, *kʰaːm) : semantic 土 (“earth; dirt”) + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsha • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshee • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaeH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khann • Middle-Chinese : kham ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kim⁴
|to diverge; to branch • to turn • to change the topic of conversation • branch (of a river) • fork in the road; junction of a road • trouble
|earthenware ‖ Only used in 坩堝／坩埚 (gānguō).
|
|
|jar, pot
|坩 • (gam) · 坩 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam)
|earthenware, earthenware vessel
|Hán-Nôm : cam
|
|
|岔 (eum 차 (cha))
|坩
|-
|坼
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ) : semantic 图 (“hand”) + phonetic 斥 (OC *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡs, *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caak³
|^† to crack; to break open • ^† to sprout; to blossom
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : xá
|split • tear • open
|坼 • (tak) · 坼 • (tak) (hangeul 탁, revised tak, McCune–Reischauer t'ak)
|split • open
|Hán-Nôm : sách
|
|
|岔
|坼
|-
|-
|岡
|垠
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːŋ) : phonetic 网 (OC *mlaŋʔ) + semantic 山 (“mountain”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-gaŋ (“hill, ridge, mountain”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007), cognate with Tibetan སྒང (sgang, “ridge; mound”), Burmese ခင် (hkang, “ridge”), Burmese အခေါင် (a.hkaung, “summit”), Lahu qhɔ³³ (“mountain”), Sulung gɹaŋ³³ (“mountain”), Proto-Tamangic *ᴬgaŋ ("hill, mountain"). \ STEDT also proposes cognacy with 京 (OC *kraŋ, “artificial mound, capital”) and 鯨 (OC *ɡraŋ, “whale”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn) : semantic 土 (“soil”) + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kang • Middle-Chinese : kang
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gûn • Middle-Chinese : ngin • Middle-Chinese : ngj+n • Middle-Chinese : ngon
|ridge or crest of a mountain • mountain; hill
|boundary; limit • dike; riverbank; raised border
|
|
|hill
|limit • boundary
|岡 (eumhun 산등성이 강 (sandeungseong'i gang))
|垠 • (eun) · 垠 • (eun) (hangeul 은)
|hanja form of 강 (“hill”)
|boundary • bank of stream or river
|Hán-Nôm : cương
|Hán-Nôm : hằn • Hán-Nôm : ngăn • Hán-Nôm : ngấn • Hán-Nôm : ngân • Hán-Nôm : ngần
|
|
|岡
|垠
|-
|-
|峨
|埂
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ).
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngo⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gang² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kńg • Middle-Chinese : kaeng • Middle-Chinese : kaengX ‖
|Short for 峨眉 (Éméi). • lofty
|low bank of earth between fields; earth dyke ‖ (Lichuan Gan) to argue; to quarrel
|
|
|
|
|
|峨 (eum 아 (a))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nga
|Hán-Nôm : ghềnh
|
|
|峨
|埂
|-
|-
|峭
|埔
|Originally Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰews) : semantic 阜 (“soil mountain”) + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews), later Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰews) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews). \ Cognate with Burmese စောက် (cauk, “steep, depth”). Compare also with Burmese စက် (cak, “severe, chilly”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 甫. ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiàu • Middle-Chinese : tshjewH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : poo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phóo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou³ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : poo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : poo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phoo
|steep; precipitous; rugged • (literary) stern; severe • cold • to make more strict
|(Hakka, Southern Min) plain; flatland • Used in place names. ‖ Used in 黃埔／黄埔 (Huángpǔ). ‖ Alternative form of 埠 (“wharf”) • Used in place names. • (Hong Kong) Short for 大埔 (Dàbù, “Tai Po”). ‖ Used in 查埔 (cha-po͘, “man”). ‖ Used in 柬埔寨 (Jiǎnpǔzhài).
|
|
|
|
|
|峭 (eum 초 (cho))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tiếu • Hán-Nôm : tiễu
|Hán-Nôm : bộ
|
|
|峭
|埔
|-
|-
|峰
|堕
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰoŋ) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 夆 (OC *pʰoŋ, *boŋ, *ɡaːds).
|Simplified from 墮 (elimination of 工).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : fung¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pang • Middle-Chinese : phjowng
|peak; summit • hump (of a camel) • Classifier for camels.
| ‖ 峰(お) • (o) ^(←を (wo)?) ‖ 峰(ね) • (ne) ‖ 峰(みね) • (mine) ‖ 峰(みね) • (Mine)
| ‖ (obsolete) a small place in the mountain • (obsolete) hill, hilltop • (obsolete) peak, ridge ‖ summit of a mountain, peak ‖ peak, ridge • (by extension) top or summit of something • back of a blade ‖ A place name • a female given name • a surname
|峰 • (bong) · 峰 • (bong) (hangeul 봉, revised bong, McCune–Reischauer pong)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phong • Hán-Nôm : phưng • Hán-Nôm : phơng
|
|
|峰
|-
|峻
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sluns) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsùn • Middle-Chinese : swinH
|(of mountains) high; steep; towering • harsh; severe
| ‖ 峻(しゅん) • (Shun) · 峻(たかし) • (Takashi)
|(of a mountain) high; steep ‖ a male given name • a male given name
|峻 • (jun) · 峻 • (jun) (hangeul 준, revised jun, McCune–Reischauer chun)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tuấn
|to degenerate • to descend to • to lapse into
|a male given name
|峻
|-
|崔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zluːl, *sʰluːl) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 隹 (OC *tjul).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshui • Middle-Chinese : tshwoj • Middle-Chinese : dzwoj
|high, lofty, towering • height, summit • a surname,
|
|
|cliff, bluff, precipice
|崔 • (choe) · 崔 • (choe) (hangeul 최, revised choe, McCune–Reischauer ch'oe, Yale choy)
|High • A surname
|Hán-Nôm : thôi • Hán-Nôm : thoi • Hán-Nôm : thòi
|
|
|崔
|-
|崛
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwat⁶ • Middle-Chinese : gjut • Middle-Chinese : ngjut
|(literary) to rise abruptly • (literary) towering; eminent
|
|
|堕
|-
|堯
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋeːw) : phonetic 垚 (OC *ŋeːw) + semantic 兀 (“towering and bald”). Also an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 垚 (“tall (of earth)”) + 兀 (“towering and bald”). \ The oracle bone script consists of two 土 (“soil; earth”) at the top and one 兀 at the bottom.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giâu • Middle-Chinese : ngew
|^‡ lofty; high • Emperor Yao, legendary ruler of ancient China • a surname • (Mainland China) yotta- (SI unit prefix)
|
|
|崛 (eum 굴 (gul))
|high • far
|堯 • (yo) · 堯 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : quật
|Hán-Nôm : nghiêu • Hán-Nôm : nghẻo • Hán-Nôm : nghễu • Hán-Nôm : nhao • Hán-Nôm : nhiều
|
|
|崛
|堯
|-
|-
|嵌
|塢
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːʔ, *qaːs) : semantic 土 (“soil”) + phonetic 烏 (OC *qaː)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ù • Middle-Chinese : 'uX
|(literary) castle or obstruction that provides protection • (literary) small market town • hollow; place with elevated surroundings and a depressed center • structure with high sides to keep the wind out (e.g. a dock)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kham • Middle-Chinese : khaem • Middle-Chinese : dzamX
|Alternative form of 隖
|to inlay; to embed; to imbed; to fix deeply and firmly • (literary, of a valley) deep • (literary) grotto; cave • (literary) to fall into; to sink • (literary) precipitous; rugged; cratered
|塢 • (o) · 塢 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ổ • Hán-Nôm : ọ • Hán-Nôm : ủ • Hán-Nôm : ụ
|
|
|嵌 (eum 감 (gam))
|塢
|-
|塵
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 鹿 (“deer”) + 土 (“soil, dust”) – cloud of dust produced by a (group of) running deer. Ancient simplification of 𪋻, which pictures three deer on top instead of one. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-dul ~ r-tul (“dust”). Cognate with Tibetan རྡུལ (rdul, “dust, particle”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : can⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thûn • Middle-Chinese : drin
|dust; dirt; ashes; cinders • to be streaked with dirt; to become stained • trace; footprint • (figurative) dirty thing • (figurative) war; warfare • (Buddhism) this world; mundane world; this mortal life • (Buddhism) the number billionth (10⁻⁹) • for a long time • a surname
| ‖ 塵(ちり) • (chiri) ‖ 塵(じん) • (jin) ^(←ぢん (din)?)
| ‖ dust ‖ (Buddhism) impurity • one billionth
|塵 • (jin) · 塵 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : khảm
|Hán-Nôm : trần • Hán-Nôm : chần
|
|
|嵌
|塵
|-
|-
|嵐
|塹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *b·ruːm) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + abbreviated phonetic 葻 (OC *b·uːm)
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams) : phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 土 (“earth”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâm • Middle-Chinese : lom
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim³ • Middle-Chinese : tshjemH
|(literary) mountain mist • Used in place names.
|A deep pit or trench, especially a city moat • A natural barrier • A rift valley
| ‖ 嵐(あらし) • (arashi) ‖ 嵐(あらし) • (Arashi) ‖ 嵐(らん) • (Ran)
|fresh energy from the mountains • storm, tempest ‖ a storm, tempest: · a windstorm • a storm, tempest: · a rainstorm • a storm, tempest: · a magnetic storm • (figurative) a difficulty, discord, strife • (archaic, obsolete) Short for 嵐の日 (arashi no hi): the first day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ a female given name
|嵐 (eumhun 남기(嵐氣) 람, word-initial (South Korea) 남기(嵐氣) 남)
|hanja form of 람, 남 (“mountain mist”)
|
|
|
|
|嵐
|塹 • (cham) · 塹 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am)
|-
|嶺
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reŋʔ) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 領 (OC *reŋʔ). \ Compare 陵 (OC *rɯŋ, “mound; hill”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leng⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : líng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niá • Middle-Chinese : ljengX
|mountain whose peak is accessible by road (Classifier: 道 m) • mountain range • (specifically) Nanling Mountains; Wuling • (Hakka, dialectal Cantonese) mountain; hill • a surname: Ling
|
|
|peak • summit
|Hán-Nôm : khiếm
|嶺 (eumhun 재 령 (jae ryeong), word-initial (South Korea) 재 영 (jae yeong))
|hanja form of 령/영 (“mountain ridge”)
|Hán-Nôm : lĩnh • Hán-Nôm : lãnh
|
|
|嶺
|塹
|-
|-
|巍
|墀
|Vocalic variant of 危 (OC *ŋoi) (Schuessler 2007); see there for etymology.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guî • Middle-Chinese : ngjw+j
|towering; lofty
|
|
|towering; high
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁴ • Middle-Chinese : drij
|巍 (eumhun 넢고 클 외 (neopgo keul oe))
|hanja form of 외 (“high and large”)
|canonical : 巍: Hán Việt readings: nguy 巍: Nôm readings: nguy • canonical : ngoai
|chữ Hán form of nguy (“towering”).
|巍
|-
|巖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋraːm) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 嚴 (OC *ŋam).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaam⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ngaem
|(of a military position) dangerous and important
|
|
|
|
|巖 • (am, eom) · 巖 • (am, eom) (hangeul 암, 엄, revised am, eom, McCune–Reischauer am, ŏm)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nham
|墀 • (ji) · 墀 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi)
|same as nham 碞
|巖
|-
|巢
|Pictogram (象形) : a baby bird (巛) in a nest (田), which is on top of a tree (木). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâu • Middle-Chinese : dzraew • Middle-Chinese : dzraewH ‖  ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : siū
|nest (for bird, ants, bees, etc.) • lair; den • (historical) name of an ancient musical instrument • (historical) name of an ancient feudal state • a surname ‖ wrinkled; wrinkly ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 岫 (siū, “nest, den or lair of animals”)
|
|
|nest • living quarter in tree
|Hán-Nôm : trì
|巢 • (so) · 巢 • (so) (hangeul 소, McCune–Reischauer so)
|nest • living quarter in tree
|Hán-Nôm : sào
|
|巢
|-
|巫
|Pictogram (象形) – originally two pieces of jade crossed over each other as used in ancient shamanistic practices. \ ; “shaman; witch” \ : Thai หมอ (mɔ̌ɔ, “doctor”) < Proto-Tai *ʰmo:ᴬ (“shaman”) is generally assumed to be a Sino-Tibetan loan (Pittayaporn, 2014). More at Wu (shaman), Magi#In Chinese sources, magus. \ ; “Malay”
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bû • Middle-Chinese : mju
|shaman; witch; sorcerer; wizard • witch doctor • (chiefly Malaysia, Singapore) Malay; Melayu; relating to ethnic Malays • a surname
| ‖ 巫(かんなぎ) • (kannagi) ‖ 巫(こうなぎ) • (kōnagi) ^(←かうなぎ (kaunagi)?)
|shaman • witch, sorcerer ‖ (archaic) a medium or shaman, usually female, who acts as a medium between humans and the spirits or gods, helping to communicate between the two and to calm any supernatural or spiritual upset ‖ (archaic, possibly obsolete) a medium or shaman, usually female, who acts as a medium between humans and the spirits or gods, helping to communicate between the two and to calm any supernatural or spiritual upset
|巫 (eumhun 무당 무 (mudang mu))
|hanja form of 무 (“shaman; something related to shamanism”)
|canonical : 巫: Hán Việt readings: vu
|
|
|巫
|墀
|-
|巴
|Pictogram (象形) — a huge snake. \ ; "huge snake" \ ; "bar"
|Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa • Middle-Chinese : pae
|(ancient Chinese mythology) a huge snake that could swallow an elephant • to greatly desire; to anxiously hope; to long for • Used as a suffix for objects that are located below or behind. • Used as a suffix for objects that are clumped together due to dryness or stickiness. • to cling to; to stick to • (Jilu Mandarin, Sichuanese, dialectal Wu) to be close to; to be next to • (Beijing Mandarin, Jilu Mandarin) to open; to spread • (Sichuanese) to suit; to fit • (Sichuanese) to follow • (Sichuanese) to be intimate • (Sichuanese) to involve; to implicate • (Sichuanese) to kiss up; to curry favour • (Sichuanese) to subsidize • (Sichuanese) to infect; to contract • (dialectal Mandarin, including Beijing Mandarin, Shandong Mandarin, Xinjiang Mandarin) to sew; to stitch on • (Southwestern Mandarin; Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) dried object • (dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese) Classifier for the number of slaps. • (Jiaoliao Mandarin, Sichuanese) along • (historical) Ba (an ancient state in modern-day Sichuan) • eastern Sichuan and Chongqing • Short for 巴士 (bāshì, “bus”). • (physics) bar (unit of pressure) • (Cantonese) Used in transcription of bar. • Short for 巴勒斯坦 (Bālèsītǎn, “Palestine”). • Short for 巴基斯坦 (Bājīsītǎn, “Pakistan”). • Short for 巴拿馬／巴拿马 (Bānámǎ, “Panama”). • Short for 巴哈馬／巴哈马 (Bāhāmǎ, “The Bahamas”). • Short for 巴拉圭 (Bālāguī, “Paraguay”). • a surname
| ‖ 巴(ともえ) • (tomoe) ^(←ともゑ (tomowe)?) ‖ 巴(ともえ) • (Tomoe) ^(←ともゑ (tomowe)?) ‖ 巴(は) • (Ha)
| ‖ a circular design resembling swirling water, a comma, or an archer's bow • (architecture) a piece of wood, usually a floorboard or an eave, with a tomoe pattern • an oxcart with the wickerwork in a tomoe pattern • a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with various tomoe designs • Short for 巴瓦 (tomoegawara): a tile with a tomoe design • turning ‖ Short for 巴御前 (Tomoe Gozen): 12th-century female samurai • a 謡曲 (dōkyoku, “noh song”) based on a story from The Tale of the Heike • a surname • a unisex given name ‖ (historical) Ba (an ancient state in eastern Sichuan)
|巴 (eumhun 땅 이름 파 (ttang ireum pa))
|Hanja form of 파 (“used in placenames”).
|canonical : 巴: Hán Việt readings: ba • canonical : bơ 巴: Nôm readings: bơ • canonical : ba • canonical : vã • canonical : va
|Chữ Hán form of Ba (“used in placenames”). • Chữ Hán form of ba (“to adhere; to stick to”). • Nôm form of bơ (“used in compounds”).
|巴
|-
|-
|帕
|墊
|;“Phrae Province; Phrae City”
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːms, *diːb) : phonetic 執 (OC *tjib) + semantic 土 (“earth”). \ ; "to pay in advance" \ Replaced 㞟 (diàn). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːms, *diːb) : phonetic 執 (OC *tjib) + semantic 土 (“earth”). \ ; "to pay in advance" \ Replaced 㞟 (diàn). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːms, *diːb) : phonetic 執 (OC *tjib) + semantic 土 (“earth”). \ ; "to pay in advance" \ Replaced 㞟 (diàn). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːms, *diːb) : phonetic 執 (OC *tjib) + semantic 土 (“earth”). \ ; "to pay in advance" \ Replaced 㞟 (diàn).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : paak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mak⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phèe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pheh • Middle-Chinese : maet
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din³⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin³⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiām ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dim³ • Middle-Chinese : temH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dip⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dep
|to wrap • kerchief, handkerchief, headscarf • Short for 帕斯卡 (Pàsīkǎ, “pascal (SI unit)”). • (～府) Phrae province • (～市) Phrae city
|pad; cushion; mat • to put something under something else to raise or balance it • to fill up something; to insert something • (Southern Min) to sow ‖ to pay something in advance; to pay for somebody ‖ to sink down; to drown; to perish; to descend ‖ Only used in 墊江／垫江 (Diànjiāng).
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|帕 • (mal, pa) · 帕 • (mal, pa) (hangeul 말, 파, revised mal, pa, McCune–Reischauer mal, p'a)
|墊 • (jeom) · 墊 • (jeom) (hangeul 점, revised jeom, McCune–Reischauer chŏm)
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|Hán-Nôm : phạ
|Hán-Nôm : điếm
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|帕
|墊
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|帖
|壅
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰeːb) : semantic 巾 (“a square item of cloth”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰeːb) : semantic 巾 (“a square item of cloth”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰeːb) : semantic 巾 (“a square item of cloth”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoŋ, *qoŋʔ, *qoŋs) : phonetic 雍 (OC *qoŋ, *qoŋs) + semantic 土 (“soil; ground”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tip³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiap • Middle-Chinese : thep ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄝˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tip³⁻² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄝˋ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngung¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ìng • Middle-Chinese : 'jowng • Middle-Chinese : 'jowngX
|to be submissive; to be obedient; to be docile • stable; settled; appropriate • Same as 貼／贴 (tiē, “to paste”). • a surname ‖ note; invitation; card; identity card • ^† official document; proclamation • Classifier for doses of herbal medicine. ‖ copybook; model; rubbing (for practicing calligraphy or painting)
|(literary) to obstruct; to block; to stop • (literary) to heap; to pile up • (literary) to cover; to hide
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|plug up • shut up
|壅 (eumhun 막을 옹 (mageul ong))
|hanja form of 옹 (“to block; to obstruct”)
|Hán-Nôm : ung
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|帖 (eumhun 문서 첩 (munseo cheop)) ‖ 帖 (eumhun 체지 체 (cheji che))
|壅
| ‖
|Hán-Nôm : thiếp
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|帖
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|帘
|壑
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dzrin • Middle-Chinese : ljem
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hok • Middle-Chinese : xak
|sign hung in front of a tavern's entrance
|mountain valley; narrow ravine; bed of torrent; gully • hole; deep hole with water
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|帘 • (ryeom) · 帘 • (ryeom) (hangeul 렴, revised ryeom, McCune–Reischauer ryŏm)
|壑 • (hak) · 壑 • (hak) (hangeul 학, revised hak, McCune–Reischauer hak, Yale hak)
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|Hán-Nôm : hác
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|壑
|帘
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|帚
|壕
|Characters in the same phonetic series (帚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a broom with bristles on top and tied handle on the bottom. \ In modern form, top now resembles 聿 (“hand”), 肀 (“brush”), 彐, and overall graphically decomposes roughly as 肀 + 冖 + 巾.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːw) : semantic 土 (“earth; dirt”) + phonetic 豪 (OC *ɡaːw).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiú • Middle-Chinese : tsyuwX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ô • Middle-Chinese : haw
|broom; broomstick
|moat; channel • (military) trench • (Internet slang) Alternative form of 土豪 (tǔháo)
| ‖ 壕(ごう) • (gō) ^(←がう (gau)?) ‖ 壕(ほり) • (hori)
|moat, trench ‖ moat, trench ‖ ditch, canal • moat
|壕 • (ho) · 壕 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho)
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|broom
|Hán-Nôm : hào
|帚 • (chu) · 帚 • (chu) (hangeul 추, revised chu, McCune–Reischauer ch'u)
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|Hán-Nôm : chổi • Hán-Nôm : trửu
|壕
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|壘
| ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luí • Middle-Chinese : lwijX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leot⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ
|rampart; military wall • (baseball) base • to pile up ‖ Only used in 鬱壘／郁垒 (Yùlǜ). ‖ Used in 磈壘／磈垒. • Alternative form of 纍／累 (léi) • Alternative form of 蘲 (léi)
| ‖ 壘(るい) • (rui)
| ‖ Kyūjitai form of 塁
|壘 (eumhun 진 루 (jin ru), word-initial (South Korea) 진 누 (jin nu))
|hanja form of 루/누 (“rampart”) • hanja form of 루/누 (“(baseball) base”)
|Hán-Nôm : lũy • Hán-Nôm : luỹ
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|帚
|壘
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|帶
|壙
|Pictogram (象形) . \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-daːj (“waist; belt; zone; flat expanse”). Cognate with Tibetan སྡེ (sde, “part; portion; district”) and Proto-Lolo-Burmese *N-day³ (“level expanse; plain”). Also compare the phonologically similar Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-taj (“naval; abdomen; center; self”). ‖  ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷaːŋs) : semantic 土 (“earth; dirt”) + phonetic 廣 (OC *kʷaːŋʔ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tài • Middle-Chinese : tajH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tèr ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsah
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong³ • Middle-Chinese : khwangH
|belt; ribbon; tape (Classifier: 條／条 c) • tyre • zone; area; belt • cassette (Classifier: 餅／饼 c) • leucorrhoea • to take; to bring along; to carry • to do something incidentally • to lead; to head • to bear; to have • to have something attached • to contain; to carry • to drive; to spur on • to look after; to bring up • (Hokkien) to worry about; to care for • (Hokkien) to involve in trouble; to implicate • (neologism, Internet slang) Pronunciation spelling of 大. ‖ (Hokkien, Hainanese) place • (Hainanese) where ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 紮／扎 (chah, “to carry; to bring along”)
|(literary) tomb; grave • (literary) open wilderness; prairie • (literary) Alternative form of 曠／旷 (kuàng, “vast; expansive”)
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|壙 • (gwang) · 壙 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang)
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|帶 (eumhun 띠 대 (tti dae))
|Hán-Nôm : khoảng
|hanja form of 대 (“belt; ribbon; tape”)
|Hán-Nôm : đái • Hán-Nôm : đới • Hán-Nôm : đai
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|帶
|壙
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|帷
|壟
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roŋʔ) : phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ) + semantic 土 (“earth”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǐng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līng • Middle-Chinese : ljowngX
|grave; mound • raised path between fields • ridge
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uî • Middle-Chinese : hwij
|mound • grave • rice field dike
|tent • curtain, screen
|壟 • (rong) · 壟 • (rong) (hangeul 롱, revised rong, McCune–Reischauer rong)
| ‖ 帷(い) • (i) ^(←ゐ (wi)?) ‖ 帷(い) • (i) ^(←ゐ (wi)?)
| ‖ a curtain or hanging that covers all sides ‖ hanging; curtain
|帷 • (yu) · 帷 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu)
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|Hán-Nôm : lũng
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|帷 (duy)
|壟
|帷
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|幌
|壩
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːɡs) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 霸 (OC *praːɡs).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : baa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pè
|dam; embankment; dike • Alternative form of 垻／坝 (“plain; beach”) • beach (sandy, on a river, lake or coast, used chiefly in place names)
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hián • Middle-Chinese : hwangX
|(literary) curtain • shop sign for a liquor-selling establishment
| ‖ 幌(ほろ) • (horo)
|canopy; hood ‖ canopy, hood • horo, a cloak worn by samurai
|幌 (eum 황 (hwang))
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|Hán-Nôm : hoảng
|壩 • (pae) · 壩 • (pae) (hangeul 패, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'ae)
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|幌
|Hán-Nôm : bá
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|壩
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|幢
|壮
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|Simplified from 壯 (爿 → 丬)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thōng • Middle-Chinese : draewng • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴ • Middle-Chinese : draewngH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thōng • Middle-Chinese : draewng • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴ • Middle-Chinese : draewngH
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|(obsolete) wooden support pole (particularly a wooden tentpole, flagpole, or umbrella shaft) • tent • flag; banner • umbrella • (Buddhism) stone pillar inscribed with religious writings • wavering (in the manner of a shadow) ‖ Classifier for buildings.
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| ‖ 壮(さかん) • (sakan) -na (adnominal 壮(さかん)な (sakan na), adverbial 壮(さかん)に (sakan ni)) ‖ 壮(そう) • (Sō) ^(←さう (sau)?) ‖ 壮(つよし) • (Tsuyoshi)
| ‖ Alternative form of 盛ん ‖ a male given name ‖ a male given name
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|幢 • (dang) · 幢 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang)
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|Hán-Nôm : choàng
|Hán-Nôm : tráng
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|幢
|壮
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|并
|声
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing¹ • Middle-Chinese : pjieng
|(～州) (geography) Bing Province (province in ancient China) • Synonym of 太原 (Tàiyuán, “Taiyuan City”)
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| ‖ 声(こえ) • (koe) ^(←こゑ (kowe)?) ‖ 声(せい) • (sei) ‖ 声(しょう) • (shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?) ‖ 声(しょう) • (shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?)
| ‖ a voice • an accent • a feedback • (in the form ～の声を聞く (...no koe o kiku), lit. “listenable voice”) a feeling, sound, or tone of something • a voiced sound • (archaic) a Sino-Japanese pronunciation or reading of a Chinese character, as opposed to its 訓 (kun) or native Japanese counterpart ‖ voice • speech, word • fame, honor, reputation • Chinese character pronunciation ‖ a voice, speech • a tone • a variation of stress in pronunciation • Short for 声点 (shōten): a tone mark (in Middle Chinese) ‖ voice, sound • expression, speech • tone (in Chinese linguistics)
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|并 • (byeong) · 并 • (byeong) (hangeul 병, revised byeong, McCune–Reischauer pyŏng)
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|并
|声
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|庇
|壺
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pis) : semantic 广 (“house that is built to depend on a cliff”) + phonetic 比 (OC *piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ).
|Contraction of 葫蘆 (OC *ɡaː raː, “calabash”) (Wu, 2006).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pì • Middle-Chinese : pjijH
|Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ôo • Middle-Chinese : hu
|to cover; to shield; to shelter; to protect • (Northern Min) to bury
|pot; jar; kettle (vessel used to boil liquid); jug; vase; can; thermos; bottle; flask; canteen (water bottle) • (historical) a kind of ancient vessel • Classifier for bottled liquid. • a surname
| ‖ 壺(つぼ) • (tsubo) ‖ 壺(こ) • (ko)
| ‖ container or depression: · A pot or jar; a vessel or bottle. • container or depression: · A basin, as at the base of a waterfall. • container or depression: · A pressure point in acupressure or acupuncture. • The core or heart of an issue. • (slang) Those who believe in the Family Federation for World Peace and Unification (formerly the Unification Church) and/or who are in close touch with this religion. (As this religion used to sell vessels to cast out evil spirits) ‖ hu (ancient Chinese vessel shaped like a vase, usually used to store alcohol)
|壺 (eum 호 (ho))
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|Hán-Nôm : hồ
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|庇 • (bi) · 庇 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi)
|壺
|cover, shield, shelter, protect
|Hán-Nôm : tí
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|庇
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|庵
|夙
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoːm, *qoːb) : semantic 广 (“house”) + phonetic 奄 (OC *qromʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-jim ~ k-jum (“house; pit; womb”). Cognate with Tibetan ཁྱིམ (khyim, “house”) and Burmese အိမ် (im, “house”).
|Characters in the same phonetic series (夙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ The oracle bone script consisted of 月 (“moon”) and 丮, and resembled a man holding the moon, probably representing the worship of the moon. Alternatively, it might represent a person working under the moon in the early morning when the moon has not set. \ In some forms of its bronze inscription, 月 corrupted into 夕. \ 丮 later got reduced into 凡. \ Schuessler (2007) compares this with Proto-Lolo-Burmese *C-sok ~ *V-sok (“morning; morrow”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s(j)u-ŋ/k (“to wake up; morning; clear-headed; to sober up”). Burmese သောကြာ (sau:kra, “Venus”) is unrelated as it ultimately derives from Sanskrit शुक्र (śukra). \ Schuessler (2007) also considers this to be related to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m-sow (“to arise; to awake; to awaken”), as the morning is the time to arise. Other possible Chinese comparanda of this Tibeto-Burman word are 搜 (OC *sru, “to move”) (as in 搜搜), 速 (OC *sloːɡ, “speedy”), 聳 (OC *sloŋʔ, “to urge on”) (STEDT).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : am • Middle-Chinese : 'om • Middle-Chinese : 'op
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siok • Middle-Chinese : sjuwk
|dome-shaped grass house; hut • (Buddhism) monastery or nunnery • a surname
|early morning • early • old; past • since old days
| ‖ 庵(いおり) • (iori) ^(←いほり (ifori)?) ‖ 庵(いおり) • (Iori) ^(←いほり (ifori)?) ‖ 庵(いお) • (io) ^(←いほ (ifo)?) ‖ 庵(あん) • (an) ‖ 庵(あん) • (-an) ‖ 庵(あん) • (An)
|hut • hermitage • retreat (a peaceful, quiet place, esp. one meant for meditation or prayer) ‖ a coarse hut made of bamboo and reeds, especially one made by a monk or hermit • a small house • (humble) one's home • a temporary hut • a military camp (attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō) • a kind of 家紋(かもん) (kamon, “family crest”) with the design of a hut • Short for 庵形 (iori-gata): a figure in the shape of a roof • Short for 庵看板 (iori kanban): ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ a temporary hut made of bamboo and reeds • a temporary residence ‖ a small house with a thatched roof • (Buddhism) a priest's quarter attached to a large Zen temple ‖  ‖ a surname
|庵 (eumhun 암자 암 (amja am))
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|Hán-Nôm : am
|early morning • early • since long ago • to be prudent, mindful, respectful
|chữ Hán form of am (“hermitage, secluded hut, cottage, etc.”).
|夙 • (suk) · 夙 • (suk) (hangeul 숙, revised suk, McCune–Reischauer suk)
|庵
|-
|廓
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷaːɡ) : semantic 广 (“broad; wide; extensive”) + phonetic 郭 (OC *kʷaːɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koh • Middle-Chinese : khwak
|broad; wide; open; empty • (literary) to expand; to widen • (literary) to clear away; to eliminate • outline; contour • 46th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "enlargement" (𝌳)
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|Hán-Nôm : túc
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|廓 (eumhun 둘레 곽 (dulle gwak)) ‖ 廓 (eumhun 클 확 (keul hwak))
|夙
|hanja form of 곽 (“girdle, circumference, outside, enclosure, wall”) ‖ hanja form of 확 (“wide; broad; large”) • hanja form of 확 (“to widen; broaden; enlarge”)
|Hán-Nôm : quách
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|廓
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|-
|廟
|够
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrews) : semantic 广 + phonetic 朝 (OC *ʔr'ew, *r'ew). \ Possibly related to Proto-Hmong-Mien *prəuX (“house”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biāu • Middle-Chinese : mjewH
|(architecture, religion) temple (Classifier: 座; 間／间)
| ‖ 廟(びょう) • (byō)
| ‖ mausoleum • shrine • palace
|廟 (eumhun 사당 묘 (sadang myo))
|hanja form of 묘 (“temple, shrine”) • hanja form of 묘 (“imperial court”)
|Hán-Nôm : miếu • Hán-Nôm : mưỡu • Hán-Nôm : méo • Hán-Nôm : miễu
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|廟
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|廢
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pads) : semantic 广 (“house”) + phonetic 發 (OC *pad). \ During the Zhou–Qin period, 灋 (OC *pqab) and 法 (OC *pqab) were used to represent 廢. \ Related to 乏 (OC *bob, “to lack; to neglect”). Cognate with Tibetan འབབ ('bab, “to go down; to move downward; to descend; calamity”), འབེབས ('bebs, “to cause to fall; to bring down”) (Schuessler, 2007). Also compare Thai บอบ (bɔ̀ɔp, “weak, worn out, run down”) (ibid.).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huì • Middle-Chinese : pjojH
|(of house) to collapse • to abandon; to abrogate; to abolish • abandoned; deserted • to stop; to terminate • to oust; to dethrone • to decline; to decay; to ruin • disabled; handicapped; crippled • decayed; spoiled; bad • to neglect; to disregard; to overlook • useless; disused • waste; unwanted material • to fall; to drop • to kill; to slay • to lay down • to waste; to squander • Alternative form of 發／发 (“to take place; to happen”) • dejected; dispirited
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|廢 (eumhun 폐할 폐 (pyehal pye)) · 廢 (eumhun 버릴 폐 (beoril pye))
|hanja form of 폐 (“to terminate”) • hanja form of 폐 (“to abandon”)
|Hán-Nôm : phế
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|廢
|-
|廣
|Characters in the same phonetic series (黃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷaːŋʔ) : semantic 广 + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (黃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷaːŋʔ) : semantic 广 + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (黃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷaːŋʔ) : semantic 广 + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (黃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷaːŋʔ) : semantic 广 + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuínn • Middle-Chinese : kwangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄤˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄤ
|broad; wide; extensive; vast • many; numerous; multitudinous • to expand; to enlarge • common; widespread; universal; pervasive; general; ubiquitous • Short for 廣州／广州 (Guǎngzhōu, “Guangzhou”). • Short for 廣東／广东 (Guǎngdōng, “Guangdong”). • (Sichuanese) overseas; foreign; western; imported • width; breadth • a surname: Guang ‖ to measure width • distance from east to west ‖ Alternative form of 曠／旷 (kuàng) • Alternative form of 壙／圹 (kuàng) ‖ Used in 闋廣／阕广, alternative form of 騤𩧉／骙𱄾 (juéguāng) • Alternative form of 光
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|
|broad • wide • spacious
|廣 (eumhun 넓을 광 (neolbeul gwang))
|hanja form of 광 (“broad, wide, extensive”)
|Hán-Nôm : quảng • Hán-Nôm : quẳng • Hán-Nôm : quãng • Hán-Nôm : rộng
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|廣
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|廳
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰeːŋ) : semantic 广 (“house”) + phonetic 聽 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, *l̥ʰeːŋs). \ According to Jiyun, from 聽／听 (tīng), short for 聽事／听事. \ : \ 廳，古者治官處謂之聽事，後語省直曰聽，故加广。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]厅，古者治官处谓之听事，后语省直曰听，故加广。 [Classical Chinese, simp.] \ From: 1039, Jiyun \ Tīng, gǔzhě zhìguān chù wèi zhī tīngshì, hòu yǔ xǐng zhí yuē tīng, gù jiā yǎn. [Pinyin] \ 廳 / 厅 (tīng ‘hearing [hall]’): The people of old called the government officials' bureaus ‘[halls for] hearing cases’; later the expression is shortened to just ‘hearing [hall]’; so the radical 广 (yǎn) would be added.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : teng¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ting¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thing • Middle-Chinese : theng
|hall; large room • government department; office • (Cantonese) living room and/or dining room
| ‖
|Kyūjitai form of 庁: government office ‖
|廳 • (cheong) · 廳 • (cheong) (hangeul 청)
|administrative headquarters
|Hán-Nôm : sảnh • Hán-Nôm : thinh • Hán-Nôm : thính
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|廳
|-
|弁
|Ideogram (指事) : 厶 + 廾: hands (廾) placing a hat (厶) on someone’s head. \ ; “cap; to wear a cap; low-ranking military officer; to place before or above” ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bin⁶ • Middle-Chinese : bjenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun⁴
|conical cap worn during the Zhou dynasty • (of a man) to wear a cap (usually to indicate adulthood) • (historical) low-ranking military officer • to place before or above • quick; rushed • to panic; to shudder • Alternative form of 卞 (biàn, “to wrestle with bare hands”) • Alternative form of 卞 (Biàn, “a county in Shandong”) • a surname ‖ happy
| ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖ 弁(べん) • (ben) ‖ 弁(べん) • (ben) ‖ 弁(べん) • (-ben)
|hat ‖ to distinguish ‖ petal • valve ‖ speech ‖ Extended shinjitai form of 辮 ‖ Extended shinjitai form of 辦 ‖ discrimination ‖ petal • valve ‖ dialect
|弁 • (byeon, ban) · 弁 • (byeon, ban) (hangeul 변, 반, revised byeon, ban, McCune–Reischauer pyŏn, pan, Yale pyen, pan)
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|Hán-Nôm : biền • Hán-Nôm : biện
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|弁
|够
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|弗
|夤
|Pictogram (象形) – two arrows, tied together to be straightened. \ Later borrowed phonetically to mean “no”. The derivative 拂 (OC *pʰɯd) stands for the original word. \ ; not (verb) him/her/it ‖ According to Pan (2002), a labiodentalized and checked variant of 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ'). \ In certain varieties the initial has gained voicing and in some cases caused the word shifted to yang tones, either restricted to specific syntactical positions or in all contexts. \ See also 勿 (veq).
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hut • Middle-Chinese : pjut ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : în • Middle-Chinese : yin
|(Classical) not • Used in 弗弗. • Alternative form of 祓 (fú) • ^† to straighten; to correct • Used in transcription. ‖ (Wu) Alternative form of 勿 (“not”)
| ‖ 弗(ふつ) or 弗(フツ) • (futsu) ‖
|fluorine • the dollar sign ($) ‖ (chemistry, chemical elements) fluorine, fluoride ‖
|弗 (eumhun 아닐 불 (anil bul))
|Repurposed for its visual similarity to the dollar symbol $.
|Hán-Nôm : phất
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|弗
|-
|弛
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tî • Middle-Chinese : syeX
|(literary) to unstring a bow; to slacken a bowstring • to loosen; to slacken; to relax • to fall off; to fall out of use • (literary) to delay; to defer • (literary) to remove; to abolish • (literary) to ruin; to damage
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|to loosen
|夤 • (in) · 夤 • (in) (hangeul 인, revised in, McCune–Reischauer in)
|弛 • (i, chi) · 弛 • (i, chi) (hangeul 이, 치, revised i, chi, McCune–Reischauer i, ch'i, Yale i, chi)
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|Hán-Nôm : thỉ
|Hán-Nôm : dần
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|弛
|夤
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|彈
|夥
|Characters in the same phonetic series (單) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːn, *daːns) : semantic 弓 + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (單) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːn, *daːns) : semantic 弓 + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰloːlʔ, *ɡloːlʔ, *ɡroːlʔ) : phonetic 果 (OC *kloːlʔ) + semantic 多. \ According to Fangyan, 夥, which means "many" or "much", was a dialectal expression found in rural Qi and Song and around the border between Chu and Wei (齊宋之郊、楚魏之際曰夥). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuānn • Middle-Chinese : dan ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : daan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daan⁶⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thân • Middle-Chinese : danH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fo² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hér • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hué • Middle-Chinese : hwaX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁵ • Middle-Chinese : hweaX
|to shoot (with a slingshot); to catapult; to eject • to flick; to fluff; to strike • (music) to play (a stringed musical instrument) • to spring; to leap; to be elastic • to accuse; to criticise; to expose • (traditional Chinese medicine) to puncture • (of tear) to fall • to weigh • (Eastern Min) to shine • (Eastern Min) to look at oneself in the mirror) • (Southern Min) to blather; to speak nonsense ‖ shot; pellet • slingshot • Alternative form of 蛋 (dàn, “egg”) • bullet; shot • bomb; shell
|many; much; a lot of; numerous • (alt. form 伙) companion; partner; assistant ‖ Only used in 夥頤／伙颐.
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|immense • tremendous
|夥 (eumhun 많을 과 (maneul gwa)) · 夥 (eumhun 많을 화 (maneul hwa))
|hanja form of 과 • hanja form of 화
|Hán-Nôm : lõa • Hán-Nôm : loã • Hán-Nôm : hỏa • Hán-Nôm : hoả • Hán-Nôm : khỏa • Hán-Nôm : khoả
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|彈 • (tan) · 彈 • (tan) (hangeul 탄, McCune–Reischauer t'an, Yale than)
|夥
|-
|夾
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) – one person (大) holding two other people (人) under his arm, or two people (人) sandwiching a person (大). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) – one person (大) holding two other people (人) under his arm, or two people (人) sandwiching a person (大). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) – one person (大) holding two other people (人) under his arm, or two people (人) sandwiching a person (大). ‖  ‖ From 合 (MC kop). Compare Hokkien 佮 (“and; with”) and Teochew 佮 (“and; with”). For sound development, compare modern Cantonese 鴿／鸽 (gaap3), from 鴿 (MC kop). ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gip⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gep⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gip⁶⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gep⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giap • Middle-Chinese : keap ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaak³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kah ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngeeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gereh ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hip³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ
|to squeeze between; to pinch; to clamp; to hold between • to carry under one's arm • to place in between; to be located between; to be wedged between • on or from both sides • to support; to assist • to mix; to intermingle; to intersperse • clip; clamp • folder; wallet • torture device used to squeeze the ankles • wharf by a river • Short for 夾室／夹室. • Short for 夾鐘／夹钟. • (Cantonese, figuratively) to remove; to take away • (Canada, US) intersection of ‖ double-layered; lined • Alternative form of 袷 (“lined garment”) • a surname ‖ Only used in 夾竹桃／夹竹桃 (jiāzhútáo) and 夾生／夹生 (jiāshēng). ‖ Only used in 夾肢窩／夹肢窝 (gāzhiwō). ‖ (Cantonese) also; and • (Cantonese) well-matched; matching; harmonious • (Cantonese, Hokkien) to match; to fit • (Cantonese) to coordinate • (Cantonese) to share • (Cantonese) to contribute; to chip in ‖ (Hokkien) to clamp; to pinch (using chopsticks, tongs, clips, pegs, etc.) • (Zhangzhou Hokkien Hokkien) to clamp with a chela • (Hokkien) clamp-like tool used to pick up things (such as tongs, clips, pegs, etc.) ‖ to perambulate; to inspect on foot • Alternative form of 挾／挟 (xié, “to seize”) ‖ Alternative form of 狹／狭 (xiá, “narrow”) ‖ Alternative form of 鋏／铗 (jiá, “hilt of a sword”)
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|Hán-Nôm : đạn • Hán-Nôm : đàn • Hán-Nôm : đằn • Hán-Nôm : đan • Hán-Nôm : đận • Hán-Nôm : rờn
|insert between • cramped
|夾 • (hyeop) · 夾 • (hyeop) (hangeul 협, revised hyeop, McCune–Reischauer hyŏp)
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|彈
|Hán-Nôm : giáp • Hán-Nôm : xáp • Hán-Nôm : ghép • Hán-Nôm : kép
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|彙
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢruds) : semantic 㣇 + abbreviated phonetic 胃 (OC *ɢuds). \ ;hedgehog \ :Its graph is also used to 彙／汇 (huì, “category, class”), which is perhaps a variant of 類／类 (lèi) without the latter's l- initial. Also note 彙／汇 (huì, “hedgehog”)'s Cantonese pronunciation leoi⁶.(Bodman, 1980; Schuessler, 2007) \ :Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Mizo kuh (“porcupine's quill, porcupine”) and Mizo sakuh (“porcupine”). In Tibeto-Burman cognates *k- is seemingly a prefix.(Schuessler, 2007) \ ;category, class \ :If 彙 (OC *wəs) were related to 類 (OC *rus), it may be a form whose initial *r- had been treated as a prefix and dropped.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luī • Middle-Chinese : hjw+jH
|Alternative form of 蝟／猬 (wèi, “hedgehog”) • to gather; to assemble • collection; class; category
| ‖ 彙(い) • (i) ^(←ゐ (wi)?)
|hedgehog • collection, compilation ‖ to sort and collect; collection, compilation, group
|彙 (eumhun 모을 휘 (mo'eul hwi))
|hanja form of 휘 (“collection”)
|Hán-Nôm : vừng • Hán-Nôm : vị • Hán-Nôm : vựng • Hán-Nôm : hối
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|彙
|夾
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|彤
|奄
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 大 (“big”) + 申 (“extend”) – to cover. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 大 (“big”) + 申 (“extend”) – to cover. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 大 (“big”) + 申 (“extend”) – to cover.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iám • Middle-Chinese : 'jemX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : am ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim¹
|to cover; to surround; to include • suddenly; abruptly; quickly; hastily ‖ feeble • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 閹／阉 (yān, “to castrate; eunuch”) • Alternative form of 淹 (yān, “to remain; to tarry”)
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Middle-Chinese : downg
|cover • suffocate • obstruct
|(literary) red; vermilion • a surname
|奄 • (eom) · 奄 • (eom) (hangeul 엄, revised eom, McCune–Reischauer ŏm)
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|red • vermilion
|Hán-Nôm : yêm • Hán-Nôm : yểm • Hán-Nôm : ăm • Hán-Nôm : im • Hán-Nôm : em
|彤 • (dong) · 彤 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune–Reischauer tong, Yale tong)
|red, vermilion • name of an ancient state
|Hán-Nôm : đồng
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|彤
|奄
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|彪
|奎
|
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷeː) : semantic 大 + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : biu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiu • Middle-Chinese : pjiw
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fui¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe • Middle-Chinese : khwej
|^‡ tiger stripes • ^‡ Asian golden cat (Catopuma temminckii) • (literary, by extension) to be full of literary grace or bright colors • (literary) tiger; small tiger • (figuratively, of a person) big and tall; strong; stalwart • (literary) clear; evident; obvious • Classifier for detachment of troops. • a surname
|the stride of a person • Legs, one of the twenty-eight lunar mansions
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|彪 • (pyo) · 彪 • (pyo) (hangeul 표, revised pyo, McCune–Reischauer p'yo, Yale phyo)
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|Hán-Nôm : bưu
|star
|Hán-Nôm : khuê
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|彪
|奎
|-
|-
|彫
|奐
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷaːns) : abbreviated phonetic 夐 (OC *qʰʷeːns, *qʰʷeŋs) + semantic 廾. Alternatively ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 穴 (“yurt”) + 廾 (“hands”) a pair of hands opening a yurt door to let in sunlight, hence brilliant. Originally used to represent 換 (OC *ɢʷaːns, “to change; to swap”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huàn • Middle-Chinese : xwanH
|numerous
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|clear • bright
|奐 • (binnal hwan) · 奐 • (binnal hwan) (hangeul 빛날 환, revised hwan, McCune–Reischauer hwan)
|be numerous, brilliant
|Hán-Nôm : hoán
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|奐
|-
|奕
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laːɡ) : phonetic 亦 (OC *laːɡ) + semantic 大 (“big; great”). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Middle-Chinese : yek ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ǐ
|great; grand • beautiful • skilled; adept • bright • (of years, generations, etc.) many; one after another • Alternative form of 弈 (yì, “Go (board game); to play Go”) • Alternative form of 亦 (yì, “also”) • Alternative form of 弋 (yì), used in 游奕 (yóuyì). • a surname ‖ (Hokkien) to play (cards, lottery, chess, etc.) • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to start; to begin (in an activity)
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|carve • engrave • chisel
|奕 • (hyeok) · 奕 • (hyeok) (hangeul 혁, revised hyeok, McCune–Reischauer hyŏk)
|彫 • (jo) · 彫 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
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|Hán-Nôm : điêu • Hán-Nôm : đêu
|Hán-Nôm : dịch
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|彫
|奕
|-
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|彬
|奘
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯn) : abbreviated phonetic 焚 (OC *bun) + semantic 彡. \ Alternatively may be phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯn) : abbreviated phonetic 棼 (OC *bɯn) + semantic 彡.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zaːŋʔ, *zaːŋs) : phonetic 壯 (OC *ʔsraŋs) + semantic 大.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin • Middle-Chinese : pin
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dzangX • Middle-Chinese : dzangH
|elegant; refined • a surname
|fat, stout • great, huge
| ‖ 彬(あきら) • (Akira)
|refined ‖ a male given name
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|bright
|Hán-Nôm : băn • Hán-Nôm : bận • Hán-Nôm : bân
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|彬
|奘 • (jang) · 奘 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang)
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|Hán-Nôm : tráng
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|奘
|-
|-
|彭
|奥
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 壴 (“drum”) + 彡 (“visualization of the sound of drumming”) – sound of drumming. \ Shuowen considers it to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) where 彡 (OC *sroːm, *slom) acts as the phonetic component. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 壴 (“drum”) + 彡 (“visualization of the sound of drumming”) – sound of drumming. \ Shuowen considers it to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) where 彡 (OC *sroːm, *slom) acts as the phonetic component. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 壴 (“drum”) + 彡 (“visualization of the sound of drumming”) – sound of drumming. \ Shuowen considers it to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) where 彡 (OC *sroːm, *slom) acts as the phonetic component.
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phênn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phîng • Middle-Chinese : baeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong¹
|(onomatopoeia, obsolete) sound of drumming • Name of an ancient country. • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 旁 (“side; near”) ‖ Only used in 彭彭.
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|彭 • (paeng, bang) · 彭 • (paeng, bang) (hangeul 팽, 방, revised paeng, bang, McCune–Reischauer p'aeng, pang, Yale phayng, pang)
| ‖ 奥(おく) • (oku) ‖ 奥(おく) • (Oku)
| ‖ inside; inner depths • back, rear • inside the house • one's heart, true feelings ‖ a surname
|奥 (eumhun 깊을 오 (gipeul o)) ‖ 奥 (eumhun 따뜻할 욱 (ttatteuthal uk))
|Alternative form of 奧 (“hanja form of 오 (“deep”)”). ‖ Alternative form of 燠.
|canonical : 奥: Nôm readings: áo
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|
|canonical : 彭: Hán Việt readings: bành 彭: Nôm readings: bành • canonical : phình
|奥
|Chữ Hán form of Bành (“a surname from Chinese.”). • Nôm form of bành.
|彭
|-
|-
|很
|奧
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯːnʔ) : semantic 彳 + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns). \ “Cruel (~ 狠); to disobey; to defy” > “very; quite” (since Yuan dynasty). Compare 蠻／蛮 (mán).
|Shuowen interprets it as a Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːɡs) : semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 𢍏 (), but is not widely accepted. ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : han² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄣˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hín • Middle-Chinese : honX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : àu • Middle-Chinese : 'awH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk¹
|very; rather; quite • (Mandarin, especially before monosyllabic adjectives) (no meaning, see usage note) • (obsolete, original senses) · to disobey; to defy; to be querulous • (obsolete, original senses) · struggle; dispute; lawsuit • (obsolete, original senses) · to try to one's utmost • (obsolete) Alternative form of 狠 (hěn, “cruel; savage; inhumane”).
|^† southwest corner of a room • ^† depths of a room • ^† secluded; deep and hidden away • ^† profound; esoteric; obscure • Short for 奧林匹克／奥林匹克 (àolínpǐkè, “Olympics”). • Short for 奧地利／奥地利 (Àodìlì, “Austria”). ‖ turbid
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|
|heart • interior
|奧 (eumhun 깊을 오 (gipeul o)) ‖ 奧 (eumhun 따뜻할 옥 (ttatteuthal ok))
|hanja form of 오 (“deep”) ‖ (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 燠 (“hanja form of 옥 (“warmth”)”)
|canonical : 奧: Hán Việt readings: áo 奧: Nôm readings: áo
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|
|很 (eumhun 패려궂을 흔 (paeryeogujeul heun))
|奧
|-
|奩
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ngận • Hán-Nôm : hẩn
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâm
|dowry • bridal trousseau • box for women's cosmetics or garments
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|
|很
|-
|徊
| ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 徊 – see 回 (“to turn around; to return; to go back; etc.”). \ (This character is a variant form of 回). \ Possibly a contraction of 遐的 (hia-ê / hiah-ê).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâi • Middle-Chinese : hwoj ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâi
|Only used in 徘徊 (páihuái). ‖ (Hokkien) those
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|wander
|奩 (eumhun 화장 상자 렴 (hwajang sangja ryeom), word-initial (South Korea) 화장 상자 염 (hwajang sangja yeom))
|徊 • (hoe) · 徊 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : hồi • Hán-Nôm : hòi
|canonical : 奩: Hán Việt readings: liêm 奩: Nôm readings: liêm
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|徊
|奩
|-
|-
|徑
|妍
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋeːn) : semantic 女 + phonetic 幵 (OC *kŋeːn).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ngen
|(literary) bright, colorful and beautiful
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaang³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìng • Middle-Chinese : kengH
|妍 • (yeon) · 妍 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn)
|path; road • way • directly • (geometry) diameter
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|
|path • diameter • method
|Hán-Nôm : ngơn
|徑 (eumhun 지름길 경 (jireumgil gyeong))
|hanja form of 경 (“shortcut, path”)
|Hán-Nôm : kính • Hán-Nôm : kinh
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|徑
|妍
|-
|-
|徘
|妝
|
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraŋ) : phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ) + semantic 女 (“female”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâi • Middle-Chinese : bwoj
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Middle-Chinese : tsrjang
|Only used in 徘徊 (páihuái, “walk back and forth, hesitate”).
|to put on makeup; to adorn oneself • adornment, makeup and dress • trousseau; dowry • (Wenzhounese) to do; to make
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|徘 • (bae) · 徘 • (bae) (hangeul 배, revised bae, McCune–Reischauer pae, Yale pay)
|妝 • (jang) · 妝 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang)
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|Hán-Nôm : bồi
|Hán-Nôm : Trang
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|徘
|妝
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|-
|徙
|妞
|The erroneous variant form 𢓊 (left) and ancient form 𡲴 (right) in small seal script, as depicted within the Shuowen Jiezi. \ During the Zhou dynasty, 徙 was represented with the phonetic borrowing 屎 (OC *hliʔ, *hri, “excrement”), with the components 辵 and 止 later being added to differentiate the character used to represent "migration". During the Warring States period, the earlier forms of 屎 consisting of 小 or 少 components (as seen in and ) had these portions transform into 米, however 徙 continued to retain the 少 form. The Chu script form of 屎 corrupted into a form with the 尸 ("body") component becoming 尾 ("tail"), while the Qin script form of 徙 omitted the 尸 component of 屎 and left only 少 remaining. Li Shoukui (2015) however argues that the Chu script ⿸尾少 may not actually be cognate to ⿸尸少 (and ergo 屎). The clerical script form inherited the Qin script form, however had the 少 component mutate into another 止, which coincidentally resulted in the clerical form matching the same character structure as 歨 (the Shang dynasty form of 步) with an additional 彳 component. \ Shuowen Jiezi erroneously takes this mutated clerical script form of 徙 with two 止 components, and claims that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *selʔ) : semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ). It also omits one of the 止 components to create an alternative form 𢓊, however no such character exists in ancient writing (although coincidentally it has a similar shape to the Shang and Zhou 延). Hu Houxuan (1981) states that the "ancient script" form of 徙 in Shuowen, 𡲴, comes from a corruption of the variant form featuring 尾 in place of 尸, but with the tail portion misrepresented as 火. For this reason, the "ancient script" forms of 徙 provided in Shuowen are extremely corrupted. \ Li Jiahao (2010) notes that the ancient form of 屎, namely ⿸尸少, may potentially suggest that 徙 is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *selʔ) : semantic 辵 (“walk”) + abbreviated phonetic 沙 (OC *sraːl, *sraːls).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sí • Middle-Chinese : sjeX
|to move one's abode; to shift; to migrate; to relocate • to substitute; to transplant; to swap • (Hakka, Hokkien, Teochew) to move (an object)
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|徙 • (sa) · 徙 • (sa) (hangeul 사)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nau⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nau² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄡㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niu
|(colloquial) girl
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|Hán-Nôm : si • Hán-Nôm : tỉ
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|徙
|-
|從
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 辵 (“walk”) + 从 (“follow”). \ Etymology not certain. Perhaps cognate with Tibetan རྫོང་བ (rdzong ba, “to dispatch; to dismiss”) (Schuessler, 2007). Alternatively, compare Tibetan སྟོངས་པ (stongs pa, “to accompany”), or perhaps 送 (OC *sloːŋs, “to escort; to send”). \ Pronunciation 2 is a derivation of pronunciation 1. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 辵 (“walk”) + 从 (“follow”). \ Etymology not certain. Perhaps cognate with Tibetan རྫོང་བ (rdzong ba, “to dispatch; to dismiss”) (Schuessler, 2007). Alternatively, compare Tibetan སྟོངས་པ (stongs pa, “to accompany”), or perhaps 送 (OC *sloːŋs, “to escort; to send”). \ Pronunciation 2 is a derivation of pronunciation 1. ‖  ‖  ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : cung⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiông • Middle-Chinese : dzjowng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiōng • Middle-Chinese : dzjowngH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sung¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiong • Middle-Chinese : tshjowng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiòng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong
|to follow; to come after • to comply with; to submit to • to follow the principle of • to join; to be engaged in • from (a place or time); since • through; via; by • from; according to • (followed by negative) never; ever • 19th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "following" (𝌘) • a surname ‖ (of relatives) paternal (with the same surname) • auxiliary; subsidiary • follower; attendant; entourage ‖ Only used in 從容／从容 (cóngróng, “calm; at ease”). ‖ Alternative form of 縱／纵 (“straight; vertical”) • Alternative form of 縱／纵 (“to give free reign to”) ‖ Alternative form of 蹤／踪 (zōng)
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|從 (eumhun 좇을 종 (jocheul jong)) ‖ 從 (eum 종 (jong))
|Hán-Nôm : nữu
|hanja form of 종 (“to follow; to pursue”) • hanja form of 종 (“to obey; to comply”) • hanja form of 종 (“from; since”) ‖ hanja form of 종 (“prefix indicating cousinhood”)
|Hán-Nôm : tòng • Hán-Nôm : tùng • Hán-Nôm : thủng • Hán-Nôm : tuồng • Hán-Nôm : thong • Hán-Nôm : thung • Hán-Nôm : thùng • Hán-Nôm : tồng • Hán-Nôm : tụng
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|從
|妞
|-
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|徵
|妣
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 彳 (“movement”) + 𭖒 (“knife”) + 攵 (“to strike”) – originally meaning punishment. \ Originally written as 𭖒 in oracle bone script; pictogram (象形) of a knife with tooth-shaped protrusions on the back. Variants which added 止 (“foot”) were common. In bronze inscriptions, 彳 was often added to the character as well. In bamboo slips, 止 was replaced with 攵, arriving at the modern form. \ Related to 證 (OC *tjɯŋs). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ting • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tin • Middle-Chinese : tring ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Middle-Chinese : triX
|to convene; to assemble • to collect • to solicit; to ask for • to inquire; to query • to verify; to prove • (literary) evidence • phenomenon; symptom • a surname ‖ (music) the fourth tone in the ancient Chinese pentatonic scale, comparable to sol in the Western solfège system
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Middle-Chinese : pjijX
|(literary, honorific) deceased mother
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|徵 • (jing, chi) · 徵 • (jing, chi) (hangeul 징, 치, revised jing, chi, McCune–Reischauer ching, ch'i, Yale cing, chi)
|[deceased] mother
|妣 • (bi) · 妣 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : trưng • Hán-Nôm : chưng • Hán-Nôm : chủy • Hán-Nôm : chuỷ • Hán-Nôm : rưng • Hán-Nôm : trâng
|Hán-Nôm : tỉ
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|徵
|妣
|-
|-
|徽
|妤
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmɯl) : abbreviated phonetic 微 (OC *mɯl) + semantic 糸 (“cloth”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 予 (OC *la, *laʔ).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : fai¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hui • Middle-Chinese : xjw+j
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yo
|^† rope; cord • ^† to tie; to bind • badge; emblem; insignia • crest; logo; coat of arms • flag; banner • (literary) fine; beautiful; glorious • ^† strings on a guqin • (of the guqin) white dots made of mother-of-pearl inlaid onto the surface board, marking the harmonic positions • ^† to play the guqin • Short for 安徽 (Ānhuī). • Short for 徽州 (Huīzhōu).
|Only used in 婕妤 (jiéyú).
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|good • beautiful • badge
|徽 • (hwi) · 徽 • (hwi) (hangeul 휘, revised hwi, McCune–Reischauer hwi, Yale hwi)
|a badge, insignia
|Hán-Nôm : huy
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|徽
|妤 • (yeo) · 妤 • (yeo) (hangeul 여, revised yeo, McCune–Reischauer yŏ)
|아름답다(=伃): beautiful, pretty, fair; handsome, good-looking
|Hán-Nôm : dư
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|妤
|-
|-
|忱
|妯
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰɯw, *l'ɯwɢ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰɯw, *l'ɯwɢ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : drjuwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau¹ • Middle-Chinese : trhjuw
|Only used in 妯娌 (zhóuli). ‖ to move; to be agitated; to not be tranquil
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sîm • Middle-Chinese : dzyim
|妯 • (chuk) · 妯 • (chuk) (hangeul 축, revised chuk, McCune–Reischauer ch'uk)
|sincerity; honesty; sincere feeling • a surname
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|Hán-Nôm : dâu • Hán-Nôm : chục • Hán-Nôm : trục
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|忱 (eum 침 (chim))
|妯
|-
|妳
|; Etymology 1 \ ; Etymology 2
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ní
|(chiefly Taiwanese Mandarin) you (singular, female)
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|Hán-Nôm : thầm
|Extended shinjitai form of 嬭
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|忱
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|忿
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hùn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hún • Middle-Chinese : phjunX • Middle-Chinese : phjunH
|to be angry; to be indignant; to hate • Alternative form of 奮／奋 (fèn, “to dash ahead”)
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|be angry
|忿 (eum 분 (bun))
|get angry • fury • exasperation
|Hán-Nôm : phẫn
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|忿
|妳
|-
|-
|怎
|姍
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : phonetic 乍 (OC *zraːɡs) + semantic 心 (“heart”). \ First attested in the word 怎生 [10th c.] (Yuan et al., 1996). \ Contraction of 作 (MC tsak) + some variant of 物 (MC mjut, “thing; what”), literally “to do what” (Norman, 1988). This is evidenced in forms found in the Tang and Song dynasties (Yuan et al., 1996): 作勿生 (MC tsak mjut sraeng) [8th c.], 作沒生 (MC tsak mwot sraeng) [8th c.], 作摩 (MC tsak ma) [10th c.], 作麼 (MC tsak maX) [10th c.].
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slaːn) : semantic 女 (“female”) + abbreviated phonetic 刪 (OC *sraːn). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slaːn) : semantic 女 (“female”) + abbreviated phonetic 刪 (OC *sraːn).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zam² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaam² • Cantonese · Jyutping : dim² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsài • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsáinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsím • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsérm
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Middle-Chinese : san ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin¹
|how; why • what
|Used in 姍姍／姗姗 (shānshān). • (obsolete) to slander • (obsolete) glorious • a surname ‖ Only used in 便姍／便姗.
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|姍 • (san) · 姍 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san)
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|Hán-Nôm : chẩm • Hán-Nôm : chẩn • Hán-Nôm : tẩn • Hán-Nôm : trẫm
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|怎
|姍
|-
|-
|怔
|姒
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjeŋ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 正 (OC *tjeŋ, *tjeŋs) ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Middle-Chinese : tsyeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹
|(used in compounds) terrified; seized with terror; panic-stricken ‖ (regional) to stare blankly; to be in a daze
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁵ • Middle-Chinese : ziX
|wife of elder brother • (chiefly historical) a surname
|
|
|怔 (eum 정 (jeong))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : chinh
|姒 • (sa) · 姒 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa)
|
|
|怔
|Hán-Nôm : tự
|
|姒
|-
|-
|怕
|姘
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ). \ Cognate with 怖 (OC *pʰaːs) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Kuki-Chin *phoo(k/ŋ) (“to startle; to alarm; to wake up”), whence Mizo phâwk (“to startle; to frighten”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). Also compare Proto-Monic *phiic (“to be afraid”), whence Mon ဖေက် (“to fear”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phà • Middle-Chinese : phaeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Middle-Chinese : phaek
|to fear; to be afraid of; to dread • to worry; to be concerned • to be unable to withstand • perhaps; supposedly; fearfully; I'm afraid that • (Northern Wu) ugly • a surname ‖ (literary) Alternative form of 泊 (“indifferent to fame or gain”)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phing • Middle-Chinese : pheang • Middle-Chinese : pheng
|extramarital sex, illicit sexual relations
|
|
|怕 (eumhun 두려워할 파 (duryeowohal pa)) · 怕 (eumhun 담담할 백 (damdamhal baek))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phạ
|
|怕
|-
|怡
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yi
|amiable and cheerful • cheerful; happy; joyous
| ‖ 怡(い) • (i)
| ‖ rejoice; enjoy
|怡 • (i) · 怡 • (i) (hangeul 이, revised i, McCune–Reischauer i, Yale i)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : di
|Hán-Nôm : phanh
|
|
|怡
|姘
|-
|-
|怯
|姣
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau² • Middle-Chinese : kaewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiâu • Middle-Chinese : haew
|(literary) beautiful ‖ (obsolete or Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien, Leizhou Min, Hainanese, of a woman) lewd; flirtatious
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hip³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiap • Middle-Chinese : khjaep
|beautiful • handsome • pretty
|timid; cowardly • to fear; to be afraid of • (dialectal) vulgar; tawdry • weak; feeble
|姣 • (gyo) · 姣 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo)
|lovely, charming • lewdness
|Hán-Nôm : giảo
|
|
|to be scared, to be frightened • timid; cowardly
|姣
|怯 (eumhun 겁(怯)낼 겁 (geomnael geop))
|-
|fear, fright
|姬
|Hán-Nôm : khiếp • Hán-Nôm : khép
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klɯ, *lɯ) : semantic 女 (“woman; matrilateral family line; family name”) + phonetic 𦣞 (). \ ; Zhou dynastic surname \ :Instead, he suggests an etymological connection between "the two intermarrying moieties, a ruling clan and its collateral, wife-supplying counterpart": 姬 (OC *(C)ɰə̀ɰ) and 姜 (*(C)ɰàŋ). He also points to other word-pairs, including 似 (MC ziX, “to resemble”) < *-əɰʔ and 像 (MC zjangX, “to imitate, image”) < *-aŋʔ, which display the phonetic correspondences: *-ɰ vs. *-ŋ as well *-ə- vs. *-a- (ibid.) \ ; lady (ancient laudatory title for women) \ 姬本周姓，其女貴於列國之女，所以婦人美號皆稱姬。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]姬本周姓，其女贵于列国之女，所以妇人美号皆称姬。 [Classical Chinese, simp.] \ From: Kangxi zidian \ Jī běn Zhōu xìng, qí nǚ guì yú lièguó zhī nǚ, suǒyǐ fùrén měihào jiē chēng jī. [Pinyin] \ Ji ("姬") was originally the surname of the Zhou; their princesses were more honorable than princesses of other states; therefore women with laudatory appellations are all called Ji ("姬"). \ ; "gay" ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Middle-Chinese : ki ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Middle-Chinese : yi
|a surname, used by the ruling family of the House of Zhou • (literary) lady (ancient laudatory title for women) • (mythology) name of a river • (literary) beauty • (literary) concubine • (neologism, slang) Synonym of 基 (jī, “gay”), with a feminine connotation; lesbian ‖
| ‖
|alternative form of 姫 ‖
|姬 • (hui) · 姬 • (hui) (hangeul 희, revised hui, McCune–Reischauer hŭi, Yale huy)
|woman
|Hán-Nôm : cơ
|
|
|怯
|姬
|-
|-
|恃
|娌
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djɯʔ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 寺 (OC *ljɯs)
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯʔ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sī • Middle-Chinese : dzyiX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁵ • Middle-Chinese : liX
|rely on, presume on, trust to • (Classical) mother
|Only used in 妯娌 (zhóuli).
|
|
|brother's wife
|
|
|恃 (eum 시 (si))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thị
|Hán-Nôm : lí
|
|
|恃
|娌
|-
|-
|恍
|娑
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷaːŋ, *qʰʷaːŋʔ) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 光 (OC *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *saːl, *saːlʔ) : phonetic 沙 (OC *sraːl, *sraːls) + semantic 女 (“woman”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huánn • Middle-Chinese : kwang
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so¹ • Middle-Chinese : sa • Middle-Chinese : saX
|seemingly, as if (often used with 如 (rú), 若 (ruò)) • absent-minded • Used in 恍惚 (huǎnghū) and 惚恍 (hūhuǎng).
|Used in 婆娑 (pósuō) and 娑娑. • Used in transcription.
|
|
|unclear • senile • stupid • joke
|old woman
|恍 • (hwang) · 恍 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
|娑 (eum 사 (sa))
|seemingly • absent-minded
|dance, frolic • lounge • saunter
|Hán-Nôm : hoảng • Hán-Nôm : đoảng
|Hán-Nôm : sa
|
|
|恍
|娑
|-
|-
|恒
|娓
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁵ • Middle-Chinese : mj+jX • Middle-Chinese : mijH
|(archaic) to comply with; to yield to • Used in 娓娓 (wěiwěi, “tireless”).
|
|
|
|
| ‖ 恒(つね) • (tsune) ‖ 恒(ひさし) • (Hisashi)
|娓 • (mi) · 娓 • (mi) (hangeul 미, revised mi, McCune–Reischauer mi)
|always, constant ‖ constant, always • usual, ordinary, everyday, normal ‖ a male given name
|恒 • (hang, geung) · 恒 • (hang, geung) (hangeul 항, 긍, revised hang, geung, McCune–Reischauer hang, kŭng, Yale hang, kung)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : vãi
|
|
|娓
|-
|娣
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *diːlʔ, *diːls) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 弟 (OC *diːlʔ, *diːls, “young family member”). \ Same word as 弟 (OC *diːlʔ, *diːls, “younger brother”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dejX • Middle-Chinese : dejH
|younger of two women married to a man; (in general) concubine of a man • younger sister • wife of husband's younger brother • mother's younger sister • a surname • Used in the given name of a girl to symbolize the hope that she will have a younger brother.
|
|younger sister • sister-in-law
|娣 • (je) · 娣 • (je) (hangeul 제, revised je, McCune–Reischauer che)
|younger sister • sister-in-law
|Hán-Nôm : đệ
|
|
|恒
|娣
|-
|-
|恢
|娩
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *km̥ʰɯː) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 灰 (OC *hmɯː).
| ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fui¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : he • Middle-Chinese : khwoj
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : min⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bián • Middle-Chinese : mjenX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : min⁵ • Middle-Chinese : mjonX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mjonH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan³ • Middle-Chinese : phjonH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˋ • Middle-Chinese : mjunH
|extensive; vast • to expand; to enlarge • to restore; to recover
|to give birth to a child ‖ (literary) beautiful; delicate; fine • (literary) complaisant; agreeable ‖ A surname. • Alternative form of 萬／万 (wàn) ‖ (alt. form 嬎) to reproduce ‖ Used in female personal names.
|
|
|bear (children)
|娩 • (man) · 娩 • (man) (hangeul 만)
|
|
|恢 (eum 회 (hoe))
|Hán-Nôm : vãn
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : khôi
|娩
|-
|娼
|From 倡 (OC *tʰjaŋ, “performer”). Cognate with 唱 (OC *tʰjaŋs, “to sing”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshang
|prostitute • (historical) female performer of song and dance
|
|prostitution
|娼 (eumhun 창녀 창 (changnyeo chang))
|hanja form of 창 (“prostitute”)
|Hán-Nôm : xướng
|
|
|恢
|娼
|-
|-
|恤
|婀
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seot¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sut • Middle-Chinese : swit ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : seot¹
|to misgive • to sympathize • to compensate • (archaic) to mind; to be concerned in ‖ (Cantonese) bolt; latch • (Cantonese) to bolt; to latch
|
|
|
|恤 • (hyul) · 恤 • (hyul) (hangeul 휼, revised hyul, McCune–Reischauer hyul, Yale hyul)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o² • Cantonese · Jyutping : o¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Middle-Chinese : 'aX
|beautiful; graceful • (alt. form 娿) Used in 媕婀 (“indecisive”).
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tuất
|charm • flirtation
|婀 • (a) · 婀 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a)
|be beautiful • be graceful
|Hán-Nôm : a
|
|
|恤
|婀
|-
|-
|恬
|婁
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːm) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + abbreviated phonetic 甜 (OC *l'iːm). ‖  
|Originally phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro) : semantic 爪 (“hands”) + phonetic 角 (OC *kroːɡ, *ɡ·roːɡ) + semantic 女 (“woman”). Meaning uncertain. \ Later ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 母 (“mother”) + 中 + 女 (“daughter”). ‖  ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tim⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiâm • Middle-Chinese : dem ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiǎm
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : luw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Middle-Chinese : lju ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ
|quiet; calm; tranquil; peaceful • simple and contented; indifferent to fame or gain • unperturbed; indifferent; not caring of ‖ (Southern Min, Hakka) quiet; silent; calm
|(Chinese astronomy) the constellation Lóu, one of the twenty-eight lunar mansions • (dialectal, of a body) weak; feeble; frail • (dialectal, of melons) overripe and unfit to eat • a surname ‖ (obsolete) to drag; to trail; to pull ‖ (obsolete) to tether oxen
|
|
|nonchalant
|frequently • tie
|恬 • (nyeom>yeom) · 恬 • (nyeom>yeom) (hangeul 념>염, revised nyeom>yeom, McCune–Reischauer nyŏm>yŏm, Yale nyem>yem)
|婁 (eum 루 (ru))
|a constellation • to wear
|Hán-Nôm : lâu • Hán-Nôm : sau • Hán-Nôm : lu • Hán-Nôm : lủ • Hán-Nôm : lũ
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : điềm • Hán-Nôm : đềm
|婁
|-
|婊
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 女 (“female”) + phonetic 表.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piáu
|(colloquial, derogatory, vulgar) prostitute; whore; bitch • (slang, derogatory) to be badmouthed; to be wrongly accused; to be regarded as a bitch
|
|
|恬
|-
|恰
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰruːb) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb). ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khap • Middle-Chinese : kheap ‖  ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : hap¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄚˋ
|exactly; just • appropriate; suitable ‖ (Eastern Min) too; so ‖ (Cantonese) to bully ‖ (dialectal or Internet slang) Pronunciation spelling of 吃.
|
|
|
|
|恰 (eum 흡 (heup))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : kháp
|Hán-Nôm : biểu
|
|
|恰
|婊
|-
|-
|悄
|婷
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰewʔ) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deːŋ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 亭 (OC *deːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiáu • Middle-Chinese : tshjewX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ting⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîng
|quiet; silent • (literary) sad; worried
|Used in compounds and personal names. • a surname
|
|
|
|
|悄 (eum 초 (cho))
|婷 (eum 정 (jeong))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tiếu • Hán-Nôm : tiêu • Hán-Nôm : tẹo • Hán-Nôm : tiễu • Hán-Nôm : tịu
|Hán-Nôm : đình
|
|
|悄
|婷
|-
|-
|悉
|媲
|From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sjej-s (“to know; to understand”) (STEDT). Compare with Tibetan ཤེས་པ (shes pa, “to understand; to know”), Burmese သိ (si., “to know”), Mizo thei (“can; to be able”), Chepang चीःसा (ciʔ‑, “to know; to understand”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰiːs) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 𣬉 ().
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Middle-Chinese : sit
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei³ • Middle-Chinese : phejH
|to know; to learn; to be informed of • to use up; to exhaust • all; fully; entirely • detailed
|to marry, to match • to equal • to compare
|
|
|
|
|悉 • (sil) · 悉 • (sil) (hangeul 실, revised sil, McCune–Reischauer sil, Yale sil)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tạt • Hán-Nôm : dứt • Hán-Nôm : tất • Hán-Nôm : tắt
|
|
|悉
|Hán-Nôm : tỉ
|
|媲
|-
|-
|悍
|媽
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maːʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ). \ Colloquial form of 母 (OC *mɯʔ, “mother”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mow (“woman, female”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : maa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa² • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : má • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ma • Middle-Chinese : muX
|mom; mum: an affectionate term for a mother • (usually with qualifier) other older female relatives or house-servants • (religion) "The Mother", an epithet of the Fujianese sea goddess Mazu (媽祖／妈祖). • (obsolete, hapax) mare; female horse
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hon⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hon⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hān • Middle-Chinese : hanH
|mother
|brave; bold • fierce; ferocious • vigorous; valiant
|媽 • (ma) · 媽 • (ma) (hangeul 마, revised ma, McCune–Reischauer ma)
| ‖ 悍(かん) • (kan)
|mother • grandmother
| ‖ ferocious; fierce
|Hán-Nôm : mụ • Hán-Nôm : má • Hán-Nôm : mã • Hán-Nôm : mợ • Hán-Nôm : ma
|悍 • (han) · 悍 • (han) (hangeul 한, revised han, McCune–Reischauer han, Yale han)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hãn
|媽
|
|悍
|-
|-
|悖
|媾
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːds, *bɯːd) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 孛 (OC *bɯːds, *bɯːd). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːds, *bɯːd) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 孛 (OC *bɯːds, *bɯːd). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːds, *bɯːd) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 孛 (OC *bɯːds, *bɯːd).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːs) : semantic 女 (“female”) + phonetic 冓 (OC *koː, *koːs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bui⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bui³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puē • Middle-Chinese : bwojH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but⁶ • Middle-Chinese : bwot ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˇ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Middle-Chinese : kuwH
|to go against, to be contrary to • perverse; erroneous • confused; puzzled • to rebel; to revolt • to screen; to cover ‖ Alternative form of 勃 (bó, “prosperous; thriving”) ‖ ^‡ stubborn; obstinate
|(originally) to marry in a cousin marriage (to cement the relationship between families); (in general) to marry • to dote on • to make peace; to reach agreement; to negotiate peace • to copulate; to have sexual intercourse
|
|
|sex, coitus • intimacy, relation
|媾 (eum 구 (gu))
|
|
|悖 (eumhun 거스를 패 (geoseureul pae))
|Hán-Nôm : cấu
|hanja form of 패 (“go against”)
|Hán-Nôm : bội
|
|
|悖
|媾
|-
|-
|悦
|嫖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰew, *pʰews) : semantic 女 + phonetic 票 (OC *pʰew). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰew, *pʰews) : semantic 女 + phonetic 票 (OC *pʰew).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu¹ • Middle-Chinese : phjiew • Middle-Chinese : phjiewH
|to visit prostitutes; to patronise prostitutes ‖ nimble; agile
|
|
|wanton, hedonist
|嫖 • (pyo) · 嫖 • (pyo) (hangeul 표, revised pyo, McCune–Reischauer p'yo)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phiêu • Hán-Nôm : phếu • Hán-Nôm : phiếu • Hán-Nôm : tẹo • Hán-Nôm : phèo
|
|
| ‖ 悦(えつ) • (etsu) ‖ 悦(えつ) • (etsu)
|嫖
|ecstasy ‖ joy; pleasure; delight ‖ (literary) rejoicing; happiness
|-
|悦 • (yeol) · 悦 • (yeol) (hangeul 열, revised yeol, McCune–Reischauer yŏl, Yale yel)
|嫗
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qos) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔu (“egg; bird”). \ Pronunciation 1 is a departing tone derivation from pronunciation 2, literally "the one who is breeding" (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qos) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔu (“egg; bird”). \ Pronunciation 1 is a departing tone derivation from pronunciation 2, literally "the one who is breeding" (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ì • Middle-Chinese : 'juH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ
|mother • (old) woman ‖ (of birds) to incubate; to sit on eggs • to warm with one's body • to raise; to nurture • friendly; affable
| ‖ 嫗(おみな) • (omina)
| ‖ a grown woman • an old woman
|嫗 • (gu) · 嫗 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku)
|old woman, hag
|Hán-Nôm : ẩu
|
|
|嫗
|-
|嫘
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴
|a surname
|
|
|
|
|悦
|-
|您
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 你 (“you”) + 心 (“heart”). 心 (MC sim) may also phonetically signify the original -m ending (Yuan et al., 1996). \ This character was not listed in Sui/Tang rhyme books. First attested in Jin/Yuan-era literature, when it was also written as 恁 and probably pronounced as *nim at the time (Lü, 1940; Norman, 1988). The pronoun was used both in the singular and the plural. \ The pronoun used in Jin/Yuan-era literature is generally thought to be a fusion of 你們／你们 (nǐmen, “you (plural)”) or 你每 (nǐměi, “you (plural)”) (Lü, 1940; Norman, 1988). Compare 怹 (tān, “he, she (polite)”) ( < 他們／他们 (tāmen, “they”)). \ The honorific usage may simply be a development of the plural usage (Norman, 1988); compare English you, French vous. However, others have argued for a different etymology for the honorific pronoun. Wang (1984) and Lü (1985) argue that it is a contraction of 你老 (“you (honorific for seniors)”): /ni lau/ → /nil/ → /nin/. Alternatively, Zhang (2001) suggests that it comes from 仁 (MC nyin), an honorific used in Buddhist texts from the Han dynasty. \ In Cantonese and Hakka, this character is simply read as 你; in Teochew, it is read as 汝.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lín
|(polite, honorific, sometimes sarcastic) you (usually singular, may be plural) • (archaic or dialectal) you (plural) • (archaic) thou; you (singular)
|
|
|You
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nâm
|
|
|您
|嫘
|-
|-
|悴
|嫣
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuī • Middle-Chinese : dzwijH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ian • Middle-Chinese : xjien • Middle-Chinese : 'jen • Middle-Chinese : 'jenX • Middle-Chinese : 'jonH
|sad; distressed; despondent • haggard; pallid
|(of appearance) beautiful
|
|
|beautiful • beauty
|嫣 (eum 언 (eon))
|beautiful, beauty
|Hán-Nôm : yên
|beautiful
|嫣
|-
|嫦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djaŋ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 常 (OC *djaŋ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng⁴
|Only used in 嫦娥 (Cháng'é).
|
|
|悴 (eum 췌 (chwe))
|Used as a proper name
|嫦 • (hang) · 嫦 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : xót
|Hán-Nôm : thường
|
|
|悴
|嫦
|-
|-
|惋
|嫵
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Middle-Chinese : 'wanH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bú • Middle-Chinese : mjuX
|to sigh; to regret • troubled; sorrowful
|
|
|regret • be sorry • alarmed
|惋 (eum 완 (wan))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : uyển
|charming • enchanting
|嫵 • (mu) · 嫵 • (mu) (hangeul 무, revised mu, McCune–Reischauer mu, Yale mu)
|charming • (be) gentle • (be) pretty
|Hán-Nôm : vũ
|
|
|惋
|嫵
|-
|-
|惕
|嫻
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tik¹ • Middle-Chinese : thek
|alert; watchful; cautious; careful
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hean
|(literary, or in compounds, of personality, behaviour, etc.) elegant, gentle and quiet • (literary, or in compounds) skilled; skillful; adept; proficient
|
|
|惕 • (cheok) · 惕 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek)
|elegant • refined • skillful
|嫻 • (han) · 嫻 • (han) (hangeul 한, revised han, McCune–Reischauer han)
|elegant • refined • skillful
|Hán-Nôm : nhàn
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thích • Hán-Nôm : rẻ • Hán-Nôm : dịch
|嫻
|
|惕
|-
|-
|惡
|嬉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaː, *qaːɡs, *qaːɡ) : phonetic 亞 (OC *qraːɡs) + semantic 心 (“heart”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔak (“bad”); cognate with Tibetan ཨག་པོ (ag po, “bad”) (Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007). Also related to Thai ยาก (yâak, “difficult”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Exoactive of etymology 1 (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Cognate with 安 (OC *qaːn, “where; how”), 焉 (OC *qan, “where; how”). ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 惡 – see 噁. \ (This character is a variant traditional form of 噁). \ Probably related to etymologies 1 and 2 (Zhengzhang, 2011b; Xiang, 2019). Alternatively, 涴 (MC 'waH, “to soil; to stain”) has been proposed to be the etymon (Cao, 2008).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlɯ, *qʰlɯs) : semantic 女 + phonetic 喜 (OC *qʰlɯʔ). Also an ideogramic compound, as the right radical means "joy". ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlɯ, *qʰlɯs) : semantic 女 + phonetic 喜 (OC *qʰlɯʔ). Also an ideogramic compound, as the right radical means "joy".
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oh • Middle-Chinese : 'ak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ònn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : òo • Middle-Chinese : 'uH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'u ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi • Middle-Chinese : xi • Middle-Chinese : xiH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei²
|evil; wicked; foul • fierce; hostile; ferocious • (Cantonese, transitive) to be hostile against (someone) • bad; poor • (Cantonese, Southern Min) difficult • (Quanzhou, Xiamen and Philippine Hokkien) to verbally abuse; to reprimand; to curse; to rebuke • (Taiwanese Hokkien) slow ‖ to hate; to loathe; to dislike ‖ ^† An interrogative pronoun: how • ^† Interjection used to express surprise: oh; ah ‖ (Wu) excrement
|to enjoy • to play; to amuse oneself ‖ Used in personal names.
|
|
|happy; glad
|嬉 (eum 희 (hui))
|
|
|惡 (eumhun 악할 악 (akhal ak)) ‖ 惡 (eumhun 미워할 오 (miwohal o))
|Hán-Nôm : hi
|hanja form of 악 (“evil; wickedness”) [noun] ‖ hanja form of 오 (“to hate”) [affix]
|Hán-Nôm : ác • Hán-Nôm : ố
|
|
|惡
|嬉
|-
|-
|惦
|嬋
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 店 (OC *tiːms). ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djan) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dim³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàm ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàm
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siân • Middle-Chinese : dzyen
|to keep thinking about; to miss ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 踮 (tiàm)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|嬋 (eum 선 (seon))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : điếm
|Hán-Nôm : thiền • Hán-Nôm : thuyền
|
|
|惦
|嬋
|-
|-
|惱
|嬌
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krew, *krewʔ, *ɡrew) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 喬 (OC *krew, *ɡrew)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiau • Middle-Chinese : kjew • Middle-Chinese : gjew • Middle-Chinese : kjewX
|pampered; spoiled • seductive and loveable • tender; delicate • beautiful woman; beauty; lovely lady • to dote on; to make a pet of
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : náu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ló • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Middle-Chinese : nawX
|seductive
|to be angered; to be irritated • unhappy; vexed • (Hakka) to dislike; to loathe; to hate
|嬌 • (gyo) · 嬌 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : kiều
|
|
|惱 (eumhun 괴로워할 뇌 (goerowohal noe))
|嬌
|hanja form of 뇌 (“angered, filled with hate”)
|-
|Hán-Nôm : não • Hán-Nôm : náo
|嬝
|
|
|惱
|-
|惶
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiânn • Middle-Chinese : hwang
|fearful; afraid; anxious; nervous • confuse; confused
|
|
|be anxious • fear
|惶 • (hwang) · 惶 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hoàng
|
|
|惶
|-
|惹
|Characters in the same phonetic series (若) (Zhengzhang, 2003) ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄜˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : je⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiá • Middle-Chinese : nyaeX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄛˋ • Middle-Chinese : nyak
|to cause (a problem); to court • to offend; to provoke; to irritate; to vex • to attract; to cause (a reaction) • (Cantonese) to attract (an animal) • (Cantonese) to infect • (Mandarin, Internet slang, usually women's speech) Alternative form of 了 ‖
|
|
|
|
|惹 • (ya) · 惹 • (ya) (hangeul 야, revised ya, McCune–Reischauer ya, Yale ya)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nhạ
|
|
|惹
|嬝
|-
|-
|愕
|嬤
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mo¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁴
|Only used in 嬤嬤／嬷嬷 (mómo).
|
|
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : go̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gia̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngia̍h • Middle-Chinese : ngak
|startled; scared; astonished • ^† Alternative form of 諤／谔 (è, “honest speech”)
|
|
|surprised • frightened
|愕 (eum 악 (ak))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ngạc • Hán-Nôm : ngắc
|
|
|愕
|嬤
|-
|-
|愣
|嬪
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 心 + abbreviated phonetic 楞. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 心 + abbreviated phonetic 楞.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bin) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 賓 (OC *mpin) – a kind of woman, a court lady or maid. 賓 also means “obey, submit”, hence connotations of “an obedient woman, a maid”. \ Endopassive form of 賓 (OC *mpin, “to receive like a guest”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gāng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leng¹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bjin
|to be in a daze; to be dumbfounded • rash; hot-headed; hasty • (colloquial) wilfully; insistently; persistently ‖ Only used in 愣兒／愣儿.
|(historical) court lady • (historical) palace maid • (archaic) a posthumous name for wives in Zhou ritual
|
|
|
|
|嬪 (eumhun 아내 빈 (anae bin))
|hanja form of 빈 (“court lady”)
|Hán-Nôm : tần
|
|
|嬪
|-
|嬰
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 賏 (“a string of shells”) + 女 (“woman”). \ Probably related to 縈 (OC *qʷeŋ, “to entwine”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : enn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : inn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing • Middle-Chinese : 'jieng
|baby; infant • necklace • to put on; to wear • to surround • to entangle; to fetter • to suffer • to offend • to exert • a surname
| ‖ 嬰(えい) • (ei) ‖ 嬰(えい) • (ei)
|young child, newborn child • used as western symbol ♯ sharp to mark the accidentals of musical notes • necklace • put around one's neck ‖ newborn baby; infant • surround ‖ (music) sharp (♯)
|嬰 • (yeong) · 嬰 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lăng
|canonical : 嬰: Hán Việt readings: anh
|
|
|愣
|嬰
|-
|-
|愿
|嬴
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Middle-Chinese : yeng
|(obsolete) to have a surplus; to be full • (obsolete) to bear; to take responsibility • a surname (no longer common since Han dynasty)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ngjwonH
|to win • to have a surplus
|(literary) honest and prudent
|嬴 • (yeong) · 嬴 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng)
|to be full of
|Hán-Nôm : doanh
|
|
|嬴
|-
|嬸
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljɯmʔ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 審 (OC *hljɯmʔ). \ Monosyllabic fusion of 叔母 (MC syuwk muwX, “father's younger brother + wife”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsím • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sím
|paternal aunt (wife of father's younger brother)
|
|
|愿 • (won) · 愿 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|愿
|Hán-Nôm : thím
|
|嬸
|-
|-
|慄
|孀
|STEDT compared this to Tibetan བྲེད་པ་ (bred pa, “to be alarmed, scared”). If the relation is to be established, then this term is derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ray-t (“fear”). \ Hong Kong Cantonese “to be scared” is borrowed from Taishanese 慄／栗 (nut⁵). ‖ STEDT compared this to Tibetan བྲེད་པ་ (bred pa, “to be alarmed, scared”). If the relation is to be established, then this term is derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ray-t (“fear”). \ Hong Kong Cantonese “to be scared” is borrowed from Taishanese 慄／栗 (nut⁵).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sraŋ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 霜 (OC *sraŋ). \ Zhang (2000) relates it to 喪 (OC *smaːŋ, “mourning; funeral”), 喪 (OC *smaːŋs, “to lose”) and 霜 (OC *sraŋ, “frost (which causes loss)”). However, Schuessler (2007) considers these three words etymologically unrelated.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lit • Middle-Chinese : lit ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : song • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sng • Middle-Chinese : srjang
|to shiver; to shudder; to tremble • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to be scared (of one's facial expression) • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to become weak and limp (of one's arms and legs due to fear, lack of strength, etc.) ‖ (originally Taishanese, now also Hong Kong Cantonese) to be scared
|widow
|
|
|fear • tremble, shudder, shiver
|widow
|慄 • (ryul>yul) · 慄 • (ryul>yul) (hangeul 률>율, revised ryul>yul, McCune–Reischauer ryul>yul, Yale lyul>yul)
|孀 (eum 상 (sang))
|widow
|Hán-Nôm : sương
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lật
|孀
|translates as Lật or Rất which modifies adjectives or adverbs to mean very or extremely
|慄
|-
|-
|慘
|孑
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰluːmʔ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 參 (OC *sʰluːm, *sʰluːms, *sloːm, *sʰrum, *srum)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshám • Middle-Chinese : tshomX
|(literary, or in compounds) cruel; vicious; malicious • (of losses, defeats, etc.) severe; crushing; heavy • miserable; pitiful; wretched • (literary, or in compounds) gloomy; dim; dismal
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 惨: wretched
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : git³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiat • Middle-Chinese : kjet
|慘 • (cham, chim) · 慘 • (cham, chim) (hangeul 참, 침, revised cham, chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, ch'im, Yale cham, chim)
|alone; lonely • left-over; remaining • Used in 孑孓 (jiéjué). • a surname
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thảm • Hán-Nôm : thom • Hán-Nôm : thỏm
|
|慘
|-
|慷
|Originally written as 忼. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰlaːŋʔ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 康 (OC *kʰlaːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong² • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong² • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khóng • Middle-Chinese : khangX
|Used in compounds.
|
|
|generous; magnanimous
|孑 (eum 혈 (hyeol))
|慷 (eum 강 (gang))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : khảng
|Hán-Nôm : két
|
|
|慷
|孑
|-
|-
|慾
|孓
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loɡ) : phonetic 欲 (OC *loɡ) + semantic 心 – to lust with one’s heart.
|From 子. ‖ From 子.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io̍k • Middle-Chinese : yowk
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Middle-Chinese : kjwot • Middle-Chinese : kjut ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gung² • Middle-Chinese : kjowngX
|desire; lust
|missing one's left arm • short • Used in 孑孓 (jiéjué). ‖ Only used in 孑孓 (jiéjué).
|
|
|desire, greed
|慾 • (yok) · 慾 • (yok) (hangeul 욕, revised yok, McCune–Reischauer yok, Yale yok)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : dục
|
|
|慾
|-
|憐
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːn) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 粦 (OC *rins). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-rin (“compassion; love”). Cognate with Tibetan དྲིན (drin, “kindness; favour; grace”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liân • Middle-Chinese : len
|to pity; to sympathize • to love tenderly
|
|
|sympathy • pity • treasure • dote on
|Hán-Nôm : quyết
|憐 (eumhun 불쌍히 여길 련 (bulssanghi yeogil ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 불쌍히 여길 연 (bulssanghi yeogil yeon))
|hanja form of 련/연 (“pity, sympathize”)
|Hán-Nôm : lân • Hán-Nôm : liên
|
|
|憐
|孓
|-
|-
|憔
|孚
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 爪 (“hand”) + 子 (“child”) – to capture a child. The original form of 俘. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 爪 (“hand”) + 子 (“child”) – to capture a child. The original form of 俘.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹ • Middle-Chinese : phju ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹
|Original character of 俘 (fú) • Original character of 蜉 (fú) • Alternative form of 孵 (fū) • Alternative form of 稃 (fū) ‖ (literary) to convince; to gain trust • (literary) trust; confidence • (used in oracle bone) Alternative form of 俘 (fú) • Alternative form of 浮 (fú) • Alternative form of 莩 • Alternative form of 付 (fù)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâ • Middle-Chinese : dzjew
|sincere; nourish
|Only used in compounds.
|孚 (eum 부 (bu))
|
|
|be emaciated, get thin
|Hán-Nôm : phu • Hán-Nôm : phù
|憔 (eum 초 (cho))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tiều
|孚
|
|憔
|-
|-
|憧
|孜
| ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔslɯ) : phonetic 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ) + semantic 攵 (“action”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiong • Middle-Chinese : tsyhowng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˋ • Middle-Chinese : draewngH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Middle-Chinese : tsi
|irresolute; indecisive • Used in 憧憬 (chōngjǐng). ‖ ^† foolish; ignorant
|Alternative form of 孜孜 (zīzī)
|
|
|longing, yearning
|憧 (eumhun 그리워할 동 (geuriwohal dong))
|hanja form of 동 (“longing, yearning”)
|Hán-Nôm : sung
|
|
|憧
|孜 (eum 자 (ja))
|-
|憩
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated 恬 (“tranquil”) + 息 (“rest”). There is also the possibility that 憩 is phono-semantic (形聲／形声, OC *kʰrads) , with 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) as the phonetic component. \ Possibly related to 歇 (OC *qʰad) (Wang, 1982).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tim⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khè • Middle-Chinese : khjejH
|(literary) to rest
|
|
|break • rest period • rest • leisure
|Hán-Nôm : tư
|憩 (eumhun 쉴 게 (swil ge))
|hanja form of 게 (“to rest”)
|Hán-Nôm : khệ • Hán-Nôm : khị
|
|
|憩
|孜
|-
|-
|憫
|学
|
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bín • Middle-Chinese : minX
|to sympathize; to pity; to feel compassion for • (literary) depressed; sorrowful
|
|
| ‖ 学(がく) • (gaku) ‖ 学(がく) • (-gaku) ‖ 学(さとる) or 学(まなぶ) or 学(まこと) • (Satoru or Manabu or Makoto)
|education, study, learn • school • science ‖ scholarship; learning; knowledge ‖ -ology; -ics; study of... ‖ a male given name
|学 (eumhun 배울 학 (bae'ul hak))
|Alternative form of 學 (“hanja form of 학 (“to learn”)”)
|
|
|憫 (eumhun 민망할 민 (minmanghal min))
|hanja form of 민 (“pity, sympathize with, grieve for”)
|Hán-Nôm : mẫn
|
|
|憫
|学
|-
|-
|憬
|孱
| ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dzrean • Middle-Chinese : dzrjen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : dzreanX
|(literary) weak; small; frail; feeble • meager; mean; shallow • cautious ‖ Only used in 孱頭／孱头 (càntou, “coward; weakling”). ‖  ‖
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwing² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Middle-Chinese : kjwaengX
|
|
|孱 (eum 잔 (jan))
|
|
|long for
|Hán-Nôm : sàn • Hán-Nôm : sờn
|憬 • (gyeong) · 憬 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale keyng)
|rouse, awaken • become conscious
|Hán-Nôm : cảnh
|
|
|憬
|孱
|-
|-
|懂
|孳
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toːŋʔ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 董 (OC *toːŋʔ). \ Perhaps cognate with 黨 (OC *taːŋʔ, “to know”), an ancient Chu dialect word (Schuessler, 2007).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsɯ, *zɯs) : phonetic 兹 (OC *ʔsɯ, *zɯ) + semantic 子 (“child”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : táng • Middle-Chinese : tuwngX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Middle-Chinese : tsi • Middle-Chinese : dziH
|to understand; to comprehend • (Singapore, Hong Kong) to know • Used in 懵懂 (měngdǒng, “confused”). • a surname: Dong
|
|
|
|
|懂 (eumhun 심란할 동 (simnanhal dong))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đổng • Hán-Nôm : đỏng
|孳 • (ja) · 孳 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha)
|
|
|懂
|Hán-Nôm : tư
|
|孳
|-
|-
|懈
|孺
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːs) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hāi • Middle-Chinese : keaH
|(literary, or in compounds) lazy; slack; idle
|
|
|laziness
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû • Middle-Chinese : nyuH
|懈 (eum 해 (hae))
|^† young and small • ^† young child
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : giải
|
|
|懈
|孺 (eum 유 (yu))
|
|Hán-Nôm : nhọ
|
|孺
|-
|-
|應
|孿
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯŋ, *qɯŋs) : phonetic 䧹 (OC *qɯŋ) + semantic 心 (“heart”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯŋ, *qɯŋs) : phonetic 䧹 (OC *qɯŋ) + semantic 心 (“heart”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯŋ, *qɯŋs) : phonetic 䧹 (OC *qɯŋ) + semantic 心 (“heart”).
|From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *run. Cognate with Jingpho marun (“to have twins”) (from run (“to be in pairs”)). (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : èng • Middle-Chinese : 'ing ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ìn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : eng • Middle-Chinese : 'ingH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing³
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lyun⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luân • Middle-Chinese : srwaenH • Middle-Chinese : ljwen
|should; ought to • to consent to; to agree • (literary) perhaps; maybe ‖ to answer; to reply • to permit; to promise • to agree; to echo; to go along with • to handle; to deal with • (of words, etc.) to come true; to be confirmed • to suit; to fit • to accept • (Cantonese) impactful • (Cantonese) exact • 41st tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "response" (𝌮) • (～縣) Ying County (a county of Shuozhou, Shanxi, China) ‖ a surname
|twins
| ‖
|Kyūjitai form of 応 ‖
|應 (eumhun 응할 응 (eunghal eung)) ‖ 應 (eumhun 응당(應當) 응)
|hanja form of 응 (“to answer; to respond”) ‖ hanja form of 응 (“should; ought to”)
|Hán-Nôm : ứng • Hán-Nôm : ưng • Hán-Nôm : ừng
|
|
|應
|twins
|孿 (eum 산 (san))
|twins
|Hán-Nôm : loan
|twins
|孿
|-
|-
|懊
|宝
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːʔ, *quːɡs, *quɡ) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 奧 (OC *quːɡs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːʔ, *quːɡs, *quɡ) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 奧 (OC *quːɡs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːʔ, *quːɡs, *quɡ) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 奧 (OC *quːɡs).
|Simplified from 寶 (⿱珤貝 → 玉). Officially adopted as the simplified form of 寶 in the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme (《漢字簡化方案》) in 1956.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : àu • Middle-Chinese : 'awX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : àu • Middle-Chinese : 'awH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Middle-Chinese : 'juwk
|^⁜ vexed; worried; nervous ‖ ^⁜ regret ‖ ^‡ to covet
|
|
|in distress • provoking • irritating • impatient • vexed
|懊 • (o) · 懊 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : áo • Hán-Nôm : ảo • Hán-Nôm : úc
| ‖ 宝(たから) • (takara)
|precious objects • worldly goods • valuable possessions ‖ treasure
|宝 • (bo) · 宝 • (bo) (hangeul 보, revised bo, McCune–Reischauer po)
|jewel
|Hán-Nôm : bảo • Hán-Nôm : báu • Hán-Nôm : bửu
|
|
|懊
|宝
|-
|-
|懦
|宥
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *noːls, *njo) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : no⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nǒo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nōo • Middle-Chinese : nyu
|^⁜ cowardly; weak • soft
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iū • Middle-Chinese : hjuwH
|forgive, pardon, indulge
|
|
|懦 • (na, yu) · 懦 • (na, yu) (hangeul 나, 유, revised na, yu, McCune–Reischauer na, yu, Yale na, yu)
|soothe • calm • pacify
|宥 (eum 유 (yu))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nhụa
|Hán-Nôm : hựu
|
|
|懦
|宥
|-
|-
|懷
|寐
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruːl) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 褱 (OC *ɡruːl, *ɡruːl, “bosom”). \ Originally written 褱, see there for more.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mids) : abbreviated semantic 㝱 (“dream”) + phonetic 未 (OC *mɯds). \ Original form may have been an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“house”) + 爿 (“bed”) + 人 (“person”) – a person sleeping on a bed in a room. Compare ancient forms of 夢. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/s-mwəj (“to sleep; to dream”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan རྨི་བ (rmi ba, “to dream”), Tibetan རྨི་ལམ (rmi lam, “dream”), Burmese မွေ့ (mwe., “to enjoy sleep”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄞˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuī • Middle-Chinese : hweaj
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mī • Middle-Chinese : mjijH
|breast; bosom • (figurative) heart; mind; affection • to carry in one's bosom or on one's body • to harbor in one's mind; to keep in mind; to entertain • to think of; to cherish; to tend to; to remember; to reminisce • (literary) to miss; to long for • (literary or dialectal Mandarin) to be pregnant • (Magong Hokkien) pocket (bag sewn into clothing) • a surname: Huai
|(literary) to sleep • (archaic, euphemistic) to die • a surname
|
|
|
|
|懷 • (hoe) · 懷 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy)
|寐 • (mae) · 寐 • (mae) (hangeul 매, revised mae, McCune–Reischauer mae)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hoài
|Hán-Nôm : mị
|
|
|懷
|寐
|-
|-
|懼
|寝
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷas) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 瞿 (OC *kʷas, *ɡʷa).
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khū • Middle-Chinese : gjuH
|
|to fear; to be afraid • to scare; to frighten
|
| ‖ 寝(ね) • (ne) ‖ 寝(ぬ) • (nu) intransitive ^†nidan ‖ 寝(い) • (i) ‖ 寝(しん) • (shin) ‖ 寝(しん) • (shin)
| ‖ sleep, sleeping ‖ (archaic) to sleep ‖ (obsolete) sleep, sleeping ‖ sleep, sleeping ‖ sleep, sleeping • inner parlor/parlour, living room
|寝 • (chim) · 寝 • (chim) (hangeul 침, revised chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'im)
|
|
|fear • overawed
|懼 (eumhun 두려워할 구 (duryeowohal gu))
|hanja form of 구 (“fear, be afraid of, dread”)
|Hán-Nôm : cụ
|
|
|懼
|-
|戀
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *b·rons) : phonetic 䜌 (OC *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons) + semantic 心 (“heart”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luân • Middle-Chinese : ljwenH
|(literary, or in compounds) to love • (literary, or in compounds) to long for; to yearn for; to feel attached to
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 恋: attract, love
|寝
|戀 (eumhun 사모할 련 (samohal ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 사모할 연 (samohal yeon))
|hanja form of 련/연 (“love”) • hanja form of 련/연 (“long for, yearn for”)
|canonical : 戀: Hán Việt readings: luyến 戀: Nôm readings: luyến • canonical : luýnh
|chữ Hán form of luyến (“love, fondness (compounds)”).
|戀
|-
|-
|戈
|寤
|Pictogram (象形) ― a tool or weapon on a pole, the pole having developed into the long upper-left to lower-right diagonal stroke.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːs) : abbreviated semantic 㝱 (“dream”) + phonetic 吾 (OC *ŋraː, *ŋaː).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Middle-Chinese : kwa
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng⁶ • Middle-Chinese : nguH
|(historical) dagger-axe (an ancient Chinese weapon similar to a halberd) • a surname
|(literary) to wake up; to awake • (alt. form 悟) to become aware; to realize; to awaken
| ‖
|pike (weapon) ‖
|戈 (eumhun 창 과 (chang gwa))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : qua • Hán-Nôm : quơ • Hán-Nôm : quờ
|
|
|戈
|寤 • (o) · 寤 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o)
|-
|戎
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 盾 (“shield”) + 戈 (“halberd; weapons”) – weaponry, arms. \ ; “you” \ ; “bellicose, warlike”
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiông • Middle-Chinese : nyuwng
|(literary) arms; armaments • (literary) army; military affairs • (obsolete) you • Used in 戎戎 (róngróng). • Used in 蒙戎. • (historical) a general term for ethnic groups in the west of China • a surname
| ‖ 戎(えびす) • (Ebisu)
|warrior • arms • barbarian • Ainu ‖ a surname • alternative spelling of 恵比須 (Ebisu), a Shinto god
|戎 • (yung) · 戎 • (yung) (hangeul 융, revised yung, McCune–Reischauer yung, Yale yung)
|arms • armaments • military affair
|Hán-Nôm : nhung • Hán-Nôm : nhỏng • Hán-Nôm : nhong • Hán-Nôm : xong • Hán-Nôm : nhùng
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|戎
|Hán-Nôm : ngộ • Hán-Nôm : ngụ • Hán-Nôm : ngù • Hán-Nôm : ngú
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|截
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zeːd) : phonetic 雀 (OC *ʔsewɢ) + semantic 戈.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zit⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsue̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tse̍h
|to cut off; to sever; to slice • to bar; to stop; to obstruct; to block • to close; to end • section • Classifier for sections or lengths of objects. • neat; well-ordered; orderly • Alternative form of 接 (jiē, “to pick up”) • a surname: Jie
| ‖ 截(せつ) • (setsu) ‖ 截(さい) • (sai)
|to cut, to sever ‖ section • cut • sever ‖ section • cut • sever
|截 (eumhun 끊을 절 (kkeuneul jeol))
|hanja form of 절 (“sever”)
|Hán-Nôm : tiệt • Hán-Nôm : sịt • Hán-Nôm : tét • Hán-Nôm : tĩu
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|截
|寤
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|戰
|寵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjans) : phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans) + semantic 戈 (“halberd”) – battling with a halberd. \ Benedict (1972) thinks it a cognate to Tibetan རལ་གྲི (ral gri, “sword”), Mizo râl (“enemy”), both from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *g-raːl ~ *g-ran ~ *ray (“enemy, quarrel, strife, fight, war, sword”), yet Schuessler (2007) thinks it unlikely that Old Chinese *t- corresponds to Tibeto-Burman *r-. \ Instead he proposes that "war, battle" is semantically extended from "tremble, fear" and so 戰 (OC *tjans) is cognate with 憚 (OC *daːns) (ibid.); STEDT in turn derives them both from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dar ~ d(u/i)r (“tremble, shiver”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *r̥ʰoŋʔ) : semantic 宀 + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàn • Middle-Chinese : tsyenH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thíng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thióng • Middle-Chinese : trhjowngX
|to fight a battle; to go to war • war; battle; fight • to tremble; to shiver • a surname: Zhan
|to spoil; to pamper; to favour • respect; honour; glory • favour; love • favourite • concubine • a surname
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|fighting, battle
|戰 (eumhun 싸울 전 (ssaul jeon))
|hanja form of 전 (“fight”)
|canonical : 戰: Hán Việt readings: chiến 戰: Nôm readings: chiến • canonical : chén • canonical : chuyến
|chữ Hán form of chiến (“war, conflict”).
|戰
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|戲
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰral, *qʰrals, *qʰaː) : phonetic 䖒 () + semantic 戈 (“halberd”), originally referring to the wing or flank of an army. \ Cognate with 嘕 (OC *qʰran, “to laugh”), Tibetan ཀྱལ་ཀ (kyal ka, “joke; jest; trick”), Mizo khâl (“to play with”), Mizo inkhêl (“to gamble; to play”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰral, *qʰrals, *qʰaː) : phonetic 䖒 () + semantic 戈 (“halberd”), originally referring to the wing or flank of an army. \ Cognate with 嘕 (OC *qʰran, “to laugh”), Tibetan ཀྱལ་ཀ (kyal ka, “joke; jest; trick”), Mizo khâl (“to play with”), Mizo inkhêl (“to gamble; to play”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰral, *qʰrals, *qʰaː) : phonetic 䖒 () + semantic 戈 (“halberd”), originally referring to the wing or flank of an army. \ Cognate with 嘕 (OC *qʰran, “to laugh”), Tibetan ཀྱལ་ཀ (kyal ka, “joke; jest; trick”), Mizo khâl (“to play with”), Mizo inkhêl (“to gamble; to play”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰral, *qʰrals, *qʰaː) : phonetic 䖒 () + semantic 戈 (“halberd”), originally referring to the wing or flank of an army. \ Cognate with 嘕 (OC *qʰran, “to laugh”), Tibetan ཀྱལ་ཀ (kyal ka, “joke; jest; trick”), Mizo khâl (“to play with”), Mizo inkhêl (“to gamble; to play”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hì • Middle-Chinese : xjeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹ • Middle-Chinese : xu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Middle-Chinese : xje ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧ
|to play; to amuse; to have fun • to tease; to chaff • theatrical play; show; theater; opera (Classifier: 齣／出; 部 m) • (dialectal) movie; film (Classifier: 齣／出 c; 套 c) • (Cantonese) scene (Classifier: 場／场 c) • (figurative) interesting part; hope ‖ Alternative form of 呼 (“to shout”), only used in 於戲／於戏 (wūhū). ‖ ^† slanting ‖ Only used in 戲氏阪／戏氏阪.
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|寵 • (chong, ryong) · 寵 • (chong, ryong) (hangeul 총, 룡, revised chong, ryong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong, ryong, Yale chong, lyong)
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|戲 (eumhun 놀이 희 (nori hui)) · 戲 (eumhun 희롱할 희 (huironghal hui)) ‖ 戲 (eumhun 서러울 호 (seoreoul ho)) · 戲 (eumhun 탄식할 호 (tansikhal ho)) ‖ 戲 (eumhun 기 휘 (gi hwi))
|Hán-Nôm : sủng • Hán-Nôm : sũng • Hán-Nôm : sổng
|hanja form of 희 (“play”) ‖ (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 呼 (“hanja form of 호 (“shout; sigh”)”) ‖ (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 麾 (“hanja form of 휘 (“banner”)”)
|Hán-Nôm : hí • Hán-Nôm : hé • Hán-Nôm : hi • Hán-Nôm : hô
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|戲
|寵
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|戳
|寿
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshok
|to thrust; to poke • stamp; seal • (dialectal) to fuck; to have sex with
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|戳 • (chak) · 戳 • (chak) (hangeul 착, revised chak, McCune–Reischauer ch'ak, Yale chak)
| ‖ 寿(じゅ) • (ju) ‖ 寿(ことぶき) • (kotobuki) ‖ 寿(ことほぎ) • (kotohogi) ‖ 寿(ひさし) • (Hisashi)
|longevity; long life • congratulations ‖ years of age ‖ congratulations, felicitations • something worthy of congratulations • long life, longevity ‖ congratulations, felicitations • something worthy of congratulations • long life, longevity ‖ a male given name
|寿 (eum 수 (su))
|Alternative form of 壽
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|Hán-Nôm : chạc • Hán-Nôm : trộ
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|戳
|寿
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|扁
|将
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 戶 (“door”) + 冊 (“bamboo tablets”) – to inscribe on the door. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pyar (“flat, thin”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 戶 (“door”) + 冊 (“bamboo tablets”) – to inscribe on the door. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pyar (“flat, thin”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).
| ‖  ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : bin² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pín • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pún • Middle-Chinese : penX • Middle-Chinese : bjienX • Middle-Chinese : benX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phian • Middle-Chinese : phjien
| ‖  ‖
|flat and thin (like a pancake) • to inscribe on the door • to curl one's lips • to underestimate; to underrate • (dialectal) to beat; to give someone a good beating • (dialectal) to hide in the waist • Original form of 匾 (biǎn, “horizontal inscribed board; tablet; signboard”). • a surname ‖ small; little; narrow • Alternative form of 偏 (piān, “out-of-the-way; remote; one-sided”)
| ‖  ‖
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| ‖ 将(しょう) • (shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?) ‖ 将(しょう) • (shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?) ‖ 将(しょう) • (Shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?) ‖ 将(すすむ) • (Susumu) ‖ 将(まさる) • (Masaru) ‖ 将(ひとし) • (Hitoshi)
|flat (adjective)
| ‖ a commander • a general, admiral, or other high-ranking officer, especially of the Japan Self-Defense Forces • (historical) a rank in the 近衛府 (Konoe-fu, “office of the imperial guard during the Nara period”) ‖ commander, general, leader • military rank • take, hold • from now on, in the future ‖ a female given name ‖ a male given name ‖ a male given name ‖ a male given name
|扁 (eumhun 작을 편 (jageul pyeon))
|将 (eumhun 장수 장 (jangsu jang))
|hanja form of 편 (“small; flat”)
|Alternative form of 將 (장 (jang))
|canonical : 扁: Hán Việt readings: biển • canonical : thiên • canonical : biên 扁: Nôm readings: biển • canonical : bên • canonical : bẽn
|canonical : 将: Hán Việt readings: tướng • canonical : tương 将: Nôm readings: tướng
|chữ Hán form of biển (“flat, thin”).
|chữ Hán form of tương (“Alternative form of 將”).
|扁
|将
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|扉
|尷
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pɯl) : semantic 戶 + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːm) : semantic 尢 + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hui • Middle-Chinese : pj+j
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kam
|door panel; door leaf • door-like thing
|Only used in 尷尬／尴尬 (gāngà, “embarrassed; embarrassing”). • (Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism) Short for 尷尬.
| ‖ 扉(とびら) • (tobira)
| ‖ a door (moving part of a hinged door that swings out or in, as opposed to a sliding door or the doorway as a whole) • (by extension) a title page • (figuratively) an entrance to something
|扉 • (bi) · 扉 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
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|canonical : 扉: Hán Việt readings: phi 扉: Nôm readings: phi
|chữ Hán form of phi (“entry gate”). • Nôm form of phi (“preface”).
|扉
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|扎
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqriːd) : semantic 手 + phonetic 乙 (OC *qriɡ).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zaat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsat • Middle-Chinese : tsreat
|Alternative form of 札 • Alternative form of 札 · (Classical) to pull • to stab; to prick; to puncture • to tie; to fasten; to bundle • to be stationed; to be quartered (of troops) • (loanword) Classifier for jars.
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|扎 (eum 찰 (chal))
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|Hán-Nôm : trát
|Hán-Nôm : giám
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|扎
|尷
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|扒
|尹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːds, *preːd, *pred) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 八 (OC *preːd). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːds, *preːd, *pred) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 八 (OC *preːd). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːds, *preːd, *pred) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 八 (OC *preːd). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːds, *preːd, *pred) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 八 (OC *preːd). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːds, *preːd, *pred) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 八 (OC *preːd).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : peh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pha • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pá • Middle-Chinese : peajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pha • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa¹ • Middle-Chinese : pjet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄞˋ • Middle-Chinese : peat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa⁴⁻²
|to hold on to; to cling to • to dig up; to tear down • to push aside • to strip off; to take off ‖ to gather up; to rake up • to pickpocket • to braise • to climb • to lie prone; to crouch down • (regional) to scratch ‖ to divide ‖ to pull up • to rescue ‖ (chiefly Cantonese) steak; slab of meat
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|scratch • dig up • crawl, crouch
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ín • Middle-Chinese : ywinX
|扒 • (bae) · 扒 • (bae) (hangeul 배)
|to govern; oversee • director • a surname
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|Hán-Nôm : bắt • Hán-Nôm : bái • Hán-Nôm : bát • Hán-Nôm : bớt • Hán-Nôm : bít • Hán-Nôm : vát • Hán-Nôm : xẹp
|director (of the ritsuryō-period Imperial Prosecuting and Investigating Office)
|尹 (eumhun 성 윤 (seong yun))
|a surname
|Hán-Nôm : doãn • Hán-Nôm : duẫn
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|扒
|尹
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|扔
|尽
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯŋ, *njɯŋs) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 乃 (OC *nɯːʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯŋ, *njɯŋs) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 乃 (OC *nɯːʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jîng • Middle-Chinese : nying ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄥˋ • Middle-Chinese : nyingH
|to throw • to throw away • a surname ‖ to pull; to draw • to destroy
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|throw • hurl • throw away • cast
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|Hán-Nôm : nẫy • Hán-Nôm : nhưng • Hán-Nôm : nảy • Hán-Nôm : nẩy • Hán-Nôm : nới
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|扔
|exhaust • use up • run out of • deplete • befriend • serve
|尽 • (jin) · 尽 • (jin) (hangeul 진)
|exhaust, use up • deplete
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|尽
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|扛
|屆
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːŋ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːŋ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯːds) : semantic 尸 (“body”) + phonetic 凷 (OC *kʰuːds) \ The ACG sense is an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 届(とど)かない (todokanai, “to not reach”), negative form of 届(とど)く (todoku, “to reach”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gong¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kng • Middle-Chinese : kaewng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gong¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kng
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gaai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kài • Middle-Chinese : keajH
|to lift using both hands • to lift by at least two people ‖ to shoulder; to carry on shoulders • to contradict
|^† to arrive; to reach; to come or go to a particular destination; to be at a location or moment • Classifier for times, terms, graduation classes, periodically convened events, etc. • (ACG slang, of emotions or thoughts) to reach (someone); to get through
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|扛 (eum 강 (gang))
|屆 • (gye) · 屆 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye)
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|Hán-Nôm : giăng • Hán-Nôm : giang • Hán-Nôm : căng • Hán-Nôm : dăng • Hán-Nôm : giằng • Hán-Nôm : dàng • Hán-Nôm : giương • Hán-Nôm : gồng • Hán-Nôm : khiêng
|canonical : 屆: Hán Việt readings: giới
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|扛
|屆
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|扣
|届
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoːʔ, *kʰoːs) : semantic 手 + phonetic 口 (OC *kʰoːʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄡˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khau • Middle-Chinese : khuwX • Middle-Chinese : khuwH
|to hold; to restrain; to grab (a horse) • to rap; to strike; to pound • to detain; to arrest • to button; to fasten a button; to buckle; to clasp • button (knob or small disc serving as a fastener) • knot • to subtract; to deduct (money, points, etc.) • to accord with; to tally with; to conform to • Classifier for discount. • Alternative form of 叩 (kòu, “to knock; to strike”) • a surname: Kou
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|扣 (eumhun 두드릴 구 (dudeuril gu)) ‖ 扣 (eumhun 두드릴 고 (dudeuril go))
| ‖
|Hán-Nôm : khấu • Hán-Nôm : khẩu • Hán-Nôm : khâu • Hán-Nôm : kháu
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|扣
| ‖ 届(とどけ) • (-todoke)
|-
| ‖ report, notice, registration
|扭
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nuʔ, *tnuʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 丑 (OC *n̥ʰuʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : nau⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngiú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : láu • Middle-Chinese : nrjuwX • Middle-Chinese : trjuwX
|to turn around • to twist; to wrench • to sprain • to swing (one's body) • to seize; to grapple with • crooked; not straight
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|turn • twist • wrench • seize • grasp
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|Hán-Nôm : nữu • Hán-Nôm : níu • Hán-Nôm : nửu
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|扭
|届
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|扮
|屍
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯːns, *hmroːlʔ, *pɯn, *pɯnʔ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯːns, *hmroːlʔ, *pɯn, *pɯnʔ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯːns, *hmroːlʔ, *pɯn, *pɯnʔ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯːns, *hmroːlʔ, *pɯn, *pɯnʔ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hli, *hlis) : phonetic 尸 (OC *hli) + semantic 死. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hli, *hlis) : phonetic 尸 (OC *hli) + semantic 死.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pān • Middle-Chinese : peanH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˇ • Middle-Chinese : pjunX • Middle-Chinese : bjunX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣ • Middle-Chinese : pjun ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛˇ • Middle-Chinese : xweaX
|Cantonese · Jyutping : si¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si • Middle-Chinese : syij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Middle-Chinese : syijH
|to dress up; to disguise oneself • to act; to play • to put on an expression; to make faces • (Cantonese) to pretend; to feign ‖ (literary) to hold • (literary) to merge • (literary) to agitate ‖ ^‡ to dig ‖ ^‡ messy
|corpse; carcass (Classifier: 具; 條／条 c) ‖ ^‡
| ‖
| ‖ 屍(かばね) • (kabane) ‖ 屍(しかばね) • (shikabane)
|dress-up, disguise ‖ to dress up in a disguise, to disguise oneself • to put on a costume, to play a role
|corpse, cadaver ‖ a corpse, a cadaver ‖ a corpse, a cadaver
|扮 • (bun, ban) · 扮 • (bun, ban) (hangeul 분, 반, revised bun, ban, McCune–Reischauer pun, pan, Yale pun, pan)
|屍 • (si) · 屍 • (si) (hangeul 시, revised si, McCune–Reischauer si)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phẫn
|Hán-Nôm : thi • Hán-Nôm : thây
|
|chữ Hán form of thi (“corpse”). • Nôm form of thây (“corpse”).
|扮
|屍
|-
|-
|扯
|屐
|Originally written as 撦. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjaːʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ). ‖
|Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreɡ) : abbreviated semantic 履 (“shoe”) + phonetic 支 (OC *kje).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄜˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiá • Middle-Chinese : tsyhaeX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ce²
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kek⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kia̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiā • Middle-Chinese : gjaek
|to pull; to tug (usually something that is flexible) • to tear • to talk casually; to chat • ridiculous; crazy • (dialectal, of weather) to fall; to have • (dialectal) to play (a stringed instrument) • (Cantonese) to raise by pulling; to hoist • (Cantonese) to breathe; to puff; to suck in • (Cantonese) Short for 扯旗 (“to have an erection”). ‖ (Cantonese) to leave • (Cantonese) away
|(Classical, Cantonese, Hakka or Min) clogs; wooden shoes
|
|
|
|
|扯 • (cha) · 扯 • (cha) (hangeul 차, revised cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'a, Yale cha)
|屐 • (geuk) · 屐 • (geuk) (hangeul 극, revised geuk, McCune–Reischauer kŭk)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : chải • Hán-Nôm : xả • Hán-Nôm : chẻ • Hán-Nôm : giẫy • Hán-Nôm : xới • Hán-Nôm : chỉ • Hán-Nôm : xé • Hán-Nôm : xẻ • Hán-Nôm : xởi
|Hán-Nôm : kịch
|
|
|扯
|屐
|-
|-
|扳
|屜
| ‖
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pian • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pán • Middle-Chinese : paen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paan¹ • Middle-Chinese : phaen
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thè
|to pull; to turn • to win back • (literary, or in compounds) to debate; to dispute • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to grip something tightly ‖ Alternative form of 攀 (pān, “to climb; to pull”)
|drawer • tray • pad • screen
|
|
|
|
|
|扳 • (ban) · 扳 • (ban) (hangeul 반, revised ban, McCune–Reischauer pan, Yale pan)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bẳn • Hán-Nôm : ban • Hán-Nôm : bản • Hán-Nôm : bắn
|Hán-Nôm : thế
|
|
|扳
|屜
|-
|-
|扼
|属
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːɡ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 厄 (OC *qreːɡ).
|Characters in the same phonetic series (蜀) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ik
|to grasp; to clutch • to guard; to control • to choke; to strangle • Alternative form of 軛／轭 (è, “yoke”)
|
|
|command • dominate • prevent • obstruct
|扼 • (aek) · 扼 • (aek) (hangeul 액, revised aek, McCune–Reischauer aek, Yale ayk)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ách
| ‖ 属(ぞく) • (zoku)
|class, category, type • belong to • genus ‖ (taxonomy) a genus
|
|
|扼
|-
|找
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsruːʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 戈 (OC *koːl). \ Originally a variant form of 划. Borrowed to mean a similar action. \ The popular interpretation as a hand (扌) looking for a halberd (戈) is a mnemonic and not the origin of the character. \ Both “to seek” and “to give change” senses are attested since the Ming dynasty. The etymology is uncertain and it is unclear whether both senses are of the same origin. Compare 爪 (zhuǎ) and 抓 (zhuā).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǎu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsáu
|to look for; to seek • to ask for somebody; to call on somebody • to give change • to make up (a deficiency) • (Northern Wu, specifically) to look for; to search for (a job, a partner, etc
|
|
|to look for • to seek • to make change
|找 (eumhun 채울 조 (chae'ul jo)) · 找 (eumhun 삿대질할 화 (satdaejilhal hwa))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : trảo • Hán-Nôm : hoa • Hán-Nôm : quơ • Hán-Nôm : chết • Hán-Nôm : triễu
|
|
|找
|属
|-
|-
|抒
|岌
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljaʔ, *hlja, *ɦljaʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 予 (OC *la, *laʔ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡrɯb) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 及 (OC *ɡrɯb).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thí • Middle-Chinese : zjoX • Middle-Chinese : zyoX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kap¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gi̍p • Middle-Chinese : ngip
|to express; to convey • to eliminate; to relieve
|(literary) lofty; towering • Used in 岌岌 (jíjí, “perilous”). • Used in 岦岌.
|
|
|
|
|抒 • (seo, jeo) · 抒 • (seo, jeo) (hangeul 서, 저, revised seo, jeo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, chŏ, Yale se, ce)
|岌 (eumhun 높을 급 (nopeul geup))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : trữ
|canonical : 岌: Hán Việt readings: ngập 岌: Nôm readings: gập • canonical : ngấp • canonical : ngất • canonical : ngập • canonical : ngờm • canonical : ngợp • canonical : nhấp
|
|
|抒
|岌
|-
|-
|抓
|岑
|
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zaau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsua • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liàu • Middle-Chinese : tsraew • Middle-Chinese : tsraewX • Middle-Chinese : tsraewH
|to grab • to scratch (with nails, claws, etc.) • to be responsible for; to be in charge of • to attract (the attention of someone or something); to entice; to allure; to draw; to fascinate; to appeal to • to catch; to capture • to arrest
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gîm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khîm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsîm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshîm • Middle-Chinese : dzrim
|(literary) small but tall hill • (obsolete) high • a surname
|
|
|抓 • (jo) · 抓 • (jo) (hangeul 조)
|peak, mountaintop • used in names
|岑 • (jam, eum) · 岑 • (jam, eum) (hangeul 잠, 음, revised jam, eum, McCune–Reischauer cham, ŭm)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : co • Hán-Nôm : trảo
|Hán-Nôm : sầm • Hán-Nôm : sum • Hán-Nôm : xờm
|
|
|抓
|岑
|-
|-
|抖
|岫
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljɯwɢs) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siū • Middle-Chinese : zjuwH
|mountain peak • cave; cavern • (Southern Min) nest, den or lair of animals
| ‖ 岫(くき) • (kuki) ‖ 岫(しゅう) • (shū)
|cave • summit ‖ (archaic or obsolete) cave • (archaic or obsolete) summit, mountaintop ‖ (rare) cave
|岫 • (su) · 岫 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : tuwX
|to shake; to tremble • to shake; to fling one's arm; to lash; to swing • to expose; to reveal • to stir up; to enliven
|
|
|shake • jiggle
|抖 • (du) · 抖 • (du) (hangeul 두, revised du, McCune–Reischauer tu, Yale twu)
|tremble, shake, rouse • give shake
|Hán-Nôm : đẩu • Hán-Nôm : kéo
|
|
|抖
|岫
|-
|-
|抬
|岱
|Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯː) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 台 (OC *l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ)
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːɡs) : phonetic 代 (OC *l'ɯːɡs) + semantic 山 (“mountain”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : toi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thai • Middle-Chinese : doj
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doi⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dojH
|to lift; to heave • (of many people) to carry • (figurative, colloquial) to argue for the sake of arguing or for no reason; to bicker • Classifier for things carried by several people.
|a nickname for Mount Tai (Daishan), one of the Five Sacred Mountains in China
|
|
|
|
|抬 (eum 태 (tae))
|岱 • (dae) · 岱 • (dae) (hangeul 대, revised dae, McCune–Reischauer tae)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đài
|Hán-Nôm : đại • Hán-Nôm : đồi • Hán-Nôm : đai
|
|
|抬
|岱
|-
|-
|拄
|岷
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 主 (OC *tjoʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *duːŋ (“post; column”). Cognate with 柱 (OC *toʔ, *doʔ, “post; column”); see there for more.
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tú • Middle-Chinese : trjuX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîn • Middle-Chinese : min
|to prop; to support • to lean on; to be propped up (with a stick, etc.) • (archaic) to open (one's eyes) • (literary or Hokkien, Eastern Min) to ridicule; to retort; to talk back • (archaic or Eastern Min) to prod; to poke • (literary) to block; to plug • (Hokkien) to equal; to be able to exchange one for another • (Hokkien) to cancel out • (Hokkien) to meet; to encounter • (Hokkien) just; just now; a moment ago • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to give change
|(～江) Min River (a river in Sichuan Province, China) • (～山) Min Mountains (a mountain range in Sichuan and Gansu Provinces, China)
|
|
|
|岷 (eum 민 (min))
|
|
|拄 • (ju) · 拄 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : chủ • Hán-Nôm : trụ • Hán-Nôm : chỏ • Hán-Nôm : chõ
|
|
|拄
|岷
|-
|-
|拆
|峙
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 斥 (OC *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡs, *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 斥 (OC *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡs, *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dɯʔ) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 寺 (OC *ljɯs). ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄞ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄚ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Middle-Chinese : driX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si⁶
|to take apart; to dismantle • to demolish; to destroy • (Cantonese) to solve (a problem) • (Cantonese, of one's voice) hoarse • (Hokkien) to purchase; to buy (tickets, medicine, etc.) • (Hokkien) to tear ‖ (dialectal) to excrete
|to stand erect; to tower • underwater mound ‖ Only used in 繁峙 (Fánshì, “Fanshi”).
|
|
|
|
|拆 (eum 탁 (tak))
|峙 (eum 치 (chi))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : sách
|Hán-Nôm : trĩ • Hán-Nôm : trì
|
|
|拆
|峙
|-
|-
|拇
|峡
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯʔ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 母 (OC *mɯʔ). \ Sino-Tibetan; compare Proto-Loloish *C-ma³ (“thumb”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Possibly related to 母 (OC *mɯʔ, “mother”); compare Proto-Loloish *C-ma³ (“female suffix”), *ʔəC-ma³ (“mother”), Zhuang mehfwngz (“thumb”), derived from meh (“mother”).
|Simplified from 峽 (夾 → 夹).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bú • Middle-Chinese : muwX
|(anatomy) thumb • (anatomy) big toe
|
|
|thumb
|拇 (eum 무 (mu))
|thumb • big toe
|Hán-Nôm : mẫu
|
|
|拇
|-
|拌
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bun⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puǎnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puǎn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puān • Middle-Chinese : phan • Middle-Chinese : banX
|gorge • ravine
|to mix; to stir; to blend • to argue; to quarrel • (Hakka) to cast; to throw; to fling; to cause to fall and break; to break
|
|
|
|
|拌 • (ban) · 拌 • (ban) (hangeul 반, revised ban, McCune–Reischauer pan, Yale pan)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bắn • Hán-Nôm : phan • Hán-Nôm : bạn
|
|
|拌
|峡
|-
|-
|拖
|峪
|Variant form of 拕／拖 (tuō), phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰaːl, *l̥ʰaːls) : semantic 手 + phonetic 它 (OC *l̥ʰaːl).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦkloːɡ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 谷 (OC *ɦkroːɡ, *kloːɡ, *ɡ·loːɡ, “valley”)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : to¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thua • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thoo • Middle-Chinese : thaH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶
|to drag; to tow; to haul • to mop • to droop; to dangle; to hang down; to sag • to hold hands • to delay; to put off; to procrastinate; to adjourn; to defer; to prolong • to sustain (a sound) • to pin down; to tie up; to check (e.g. the enemy forces); to encumber • Short for 拖鞋 (tuōxié, “flip-flops; slippers”). • (Cantonese, slang) fight • a surname: Tuo
|valley; ravine
|
|
|
|
|
|
|拖 (eumhun 끌 타 (kkeul ta))
|Hán-Nôm : dụ
|hanja form of 타 (“to drag”)
|Hán-Nôm : đà • Hán-Nôm : đớ • Hán-Nôm : đợ • Hán-Nôm : đỡ • Hán-Nôm : tha • Hán-Nôm : đoa • Hán-Nôm : đòa • Hán-Nôm : đoà
|
|
|拖
|峪
|-
|-
|拗
|峯
| ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖ Unclear. Zhang (1993) suggests that it might ultimately be derived from a contraction of 勿 + 要. Compare also 勿要, 𧟰.
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aau³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : áu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : auh • Middle-Chinese : 'aewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄡˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk⁶ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : aau³ ‖
|to defy; to disobey • hard to read ‖ (dialectal) to bend; twist as to break • (Hakka) to pluck; to pick (flowers, fruits, leaves, etc.) • (Hokkien) to fold ‖ stubborn; obstinate ‖ to suppress; to repress ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 詏／𬣦 (“to argue; to dispute”) ‖ do not • do not want • do not need to • To indicate an undesirably or unexpectedly large degree or amount. • To indicate that an action or circumstance is undesirable to the speaker.
|
|
|
|
|拗 • (yo) · 拗 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : húc • Hán-Nôm : ao • Hán-Nôm : áo • Hán-Nôm : ảo • Hán-Nôm : nữu
|peak, summit
|峯 (eumhun 봉우리 봉 (bong'uri bong))
|hanja form of 봉 (“peak, summit”)
|Hán-Nôm : phong
|
|
|拗
|峯
|-
|-
|拯
|峽
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kljɯŋʔ) : semantic 手 + phonetic 丞 (OC *ɡljɯŋ, *ɡljɯŋs). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“upper part; to rise; to raise”). Related to 承 (OC *ɡljɯŋ, “to receive”), 烝 (OC *kljɯŋ, “to offer (gifts, sacrifices, etc.)”), 登 (OC *tɯːŋ, “to mount; to rise”), 升 (OC *hljɯŋ, “to rise”) (Schuessler, 2007; Sagart and Baxter, 2012).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreːb) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 夾 (OC *kreːb).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsín • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsíng • Middle-Chinese : tsyingX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e̍h • Middle-Chinese : heap
|to rescue; to save; to aid • (literary) to lift; to raise
|gorge
|
|
|help
|gorge • strait • ravine • isthmus
|拯 • (jeung) · 拯 • (jeung) (hangeul 증, revised jeung, McCune–Reischauer chŭng, Yale cung)
|峽 • (hyeop) · 峽 • (hyeop) (hangeul 협, revised hyeop, McCune–Reischauer hyŏp)
|help, save, aid • lift, raise
|Hán-Nôm : chửng 拯: Nôm readings: chẳng • Hán-Nôm : chăng • Hán-Nôm : chuộng ‖
| ‖ No, not, negative particle.
|拯
|-
|拱
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kloŋʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 共 (OC *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Middle-Chinese : kjowngX
|to fold the hands in front of the breast • to bow; to salute • to surround; to encircle • (archaic) area enclosed by the arms • to push upwards or outwards • to sprout • to arch • arched
|
|
|arch • fold arms
|Hán-Nôm : hiệp • Hán-Nôm : hệp • Hán-Nôm : siệp
|拱 • (gong) · 拱 • (gong) (hangeul 공, revised gong, McCune–Reischauer kong, Yale kong)
|fold hands on breast • bow, salute
|Hán-Nôm : cõng
|
|
|拱
|峽
|-
|-
|拴
|崆
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sroːn, *sʰlon) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 全 (OC *zlon).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suinn • Middle-Chinese : tshjwen
|to tie; to bind; to fasten (especially with rope) • Alternative form of 栓 (shuān, “bolt”)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Middle-Chinese : khuwng • Middle-Chinese : khaewng
|Used in place names. • Used in compounds.
|
|
|
|
|崆 (eum 공 (gong))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thuyên
|Hán-Nôm : không
|
|
|拴
|崆
|-
|-
|拼
|崑
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːŋ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuːn) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 昆 (OC *kuːn).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ping • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piànn • Middle-Chinese : peang
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwan¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan¹ • Middle-Chinese : kwon
|to order; to command • to accompany; to follow • to join together; to put together • to spell (in writing) • to be ready to risk one's life; to go all out; to disregard • to enjoy together; to share • (Hokkien) to fight; to quarrel; to compete
|Only used in 崑崙／昆仑 (Kūnlún) and related terms.
|
|
|to order; to command • to accompany; to follow • to join together; to put together • to spell • to be ready to risk one's life; to go all out; to disregard
|拼 • (byeong) · 拼 • (byeong) (hangeul 병)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phanh • Hán-Nôm : bính
|崑 • (gon) · 崑 • (gon) (hangeul 곤, revised gon, McCune–Reischauer kon)
|
|
|拼
|Hán-Nôm : côn • Hán-Nôm : kon
|
|崑
|-
|-
|拽
|崙
| ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖ Possibly a contraction of 遮的 (chia-ê / chiâ-ê / chiah-ê).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːn) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 侖 (OC *run).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jai⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄞˋ • Middle-Chinese : dzrweaj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄞ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄞˇ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuai
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lūn • Middle-Chinese : lwon
|Alternative form of 曳 (yè, “to drag; to tow”) ‖ to drag ‖ (dialectal Mandarin) to throw ‖ to act pretentiously; to show off; to be arrogant, cocky, self-confident, cool, stylish, etc. • (Myanmar) viss (Burmese unit of weight) ‖ (Hokkien) these
|Used in 崑崙／昆仑 (Kūnlún), etc.
|
|
|
|
|拽 • (ye) · 拽 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey)
|崙 (eum 륜 (ryun))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : dìa • Hán-Nôm : duệ • Hán-Nôm : dấy
|Hán-Nôm : lôn • Hán-Nôm : son • Hán-Nôm : luân • Hán-Nôm : lon
|
|
|拽
|崙
|-
|-
|拿
|崢
|Compound of 合手. \ A later alternative glyph of 拏／拿 (ná) and 挐 for senses related to “to take with hand”. Originally regarded as unorthodox by Zhengzitong and Zihui.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zraːŋ, *zreːŋ) : semantic 山 + phonetic 爭 (OC *ʔsreːŋ).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : naa⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ná • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Middle-Chinese : dzraeng • Middle-Chinese : dzreang
|to take; to hold; to grasp • to seize; to capture • to have a firm grasp of • to deliberately make things difficult for; to coerce • to get; to receive • to act; to pretend • by means of; with; by • used to introduce the target of a following verb phrase • (Cantonese) Alternative form of 嗱 • (Northern Wu, Northern Min) particle introducing the object of the verb
|lofty; towering
|
|
|
|
|拿 (eumhun 잡을 나 (jabeul na))
|崢 • (jaeng) · 崢 • (jaeng) (hangeul 쟁, revised jaeng, McCune–Reischauer chaeng)
|hanja form of 나 (“to take”)
|Hán-Nôm : nã • Hán-Nôm : nạ • Hán-Nôm : nả • Hán-Nôm : nà
|
|
|拿
|Hán-Nôm : chênh • Hán-Nôm : tranh
|
|崢
|-
|-
|按
|嵩
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːns) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 安 (OC *qaːn). \ Exoactive of 安 (OC *qaːn, “be calm”), lit. "cause to be settled, calmed".
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 山 (“mountain”) + 高 (“tall”). \ Reasoning that 嵩 and 崧 (sōng) are the same word and the latter's phonetic 松 (OC *sɢloŋ) suggests the medial *-l-, Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs Old Chinese pronunciation *suŋ < *sluŋ, proposes that it was from Austroasiatic and compares it to Proto-Mon-Khmer *sluŋ ~ *sluuŋ (“high”). However, note Baxter & Sagart (2014)'s reconstructions 嵩 (OC), 崧 (OC *[s]uŋ), & 松 (OC *sə.ɢoŋ) without medial *-l-.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : on³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : àn • Middle-Chinese : 'anH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sung¹ • Middle-Chinese : sjuwng
|to push (with hands); to press • to put aside • to restrain • to check against something, chiefly a text • to make comments; to write notes • according to; referring to; following • (Malaysia, Singapore) to withdraw (money) • (Cantonese) to mortgage • (Hokkien) to estimate; to evaluate; to assess; to figure; to suppose; to reckon; to plan • (Hokkien) to pawn; to borrow money while depositing an item as collateral from a pawnshop or someone for later payment • (Hokkien) from (place or time); by; since
|(literary, of a mountain) high; lofty • a surname
| ‖ 按(あん) • (an)
| ‖ 嵩(かさ) • (kasa)
| ‖ push (with hands); press • examine; investigate
|pile up, accumulate • bulk, volume ‖ bulk, large quantity • mass, volume
|按 • (an, al) · 按 • (an, al) (hangeul 안, 알, revised an, al, McCune–Reischauer an, al, Yale an, al)
|嵩 (eum 숭 (sung))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : án • Hán-Nôm : ấn • Hán-Nôm : ướn
|Hán-Nôm : tung
|
|
|按
|嵩
|-
|-
|挖
|嶄
| ‖  ‖  
| ‖  
|Cantonese · Jyutping : waat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : óo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ué ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : iah
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaam² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaam³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâm ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam⁴
|to dig; to dig out; to gouge out; to scoop • (figurative) to explore; to discover; to go deep into • (Hokkien) to uncover; to unveil; to expose; to reveal ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 摀／𰓆 (“to dig”) ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 搤 (iah, “to dig”)
|towering; outstanding • very ‖ Only used in 嶄巖／崭岩, alternative form of 巉巖／巉岩 (chányán, “steep; cliff”)
|
|
|嶄 (eum 참 (cham))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : chởm
|
|
|嶄
|-
|嶇
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰo) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khu • Middle-Chinese : khju
|Only used in 崎嶇／崎岖 (qíqū, “rugged, rough”) and 嶇嶔／岖嵚 (“steep, sheer”). • (Hakka) steep
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : oạt
|嶇 (eum 구 (gu))
|
|
|挖
|Hán-Nôm : khu
|
|嶇
|-
|-
|挪
|嶝
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tɯːŋs) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 登 (OC *tɯːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dang³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìng • Middle-Chinese : tongH
|(literary) path leading up a mountain
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : no⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : noo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nôo • Middle-Chinese : na
|to move; to shift on one side
|
|
|嶝 • (deung) · 嶝 • (deung) (hangeul 등, revised deung, McCune–Reischauer tŭng)
|
|
|挪 • (na) · 挪 • (na) (hangeul 나, revised na, McCune–Reischauer na, Yale na)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ná • Hán-Nôm : na
|
|
|挪
|嶝
|-
|-
|挺
|嶼
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 廷 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(p/b)ljaŋ (“straight; straighten”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2003, 2007). \ The intensifier usage “quite; very” is most likely a grammaticalized usage from “outstanding; prominent” (Liu, 2008; Yang, 2021). Alternatively, it may be from Manchu ᡨᡝᠨ (ten, “extreme”) (Aixinjueluo, 1993). ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljaʔ) : semantic 山 + phonetic 與 (OC *la, *laʔ, *las). \ This character was affected by misreadings, or Youbian dubian.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thíng • Middle-Chinese : deng • Middle-Chinese : dengX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ting⁴⁻²
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : í • Middle-Chinese : zjoX
|straight; erect • to stick out; to straighten up • to endure; to stand • to support • outstanding; prominent • (chiefly Mandarin, Jin, colloquial) quite; rather; pretty; very • Classifier for machine guns. ‖ (Cantonese) kind; sort; type
|island; islet
| ‖ 挺(ちょう) • (-chō)
| ‖ long and narrow things such as guns, scissors, candles, inksticks
|挺 • (jeong) · 挺 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đĩnh
|island
|嶼 (eumhun 섬 서 (seom seo))
|hanja form of 서 (“island”)
|Hán-Nôm : dữ • Hán-Nôm : tự
|
|
|挺
|嶼
|-
|-
|挽
|嶽
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *monʔ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 免 (OC *mronʔ). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bán • Middle-Chinese : mjonX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : waan²
|to pull • to pull back; to draw back • (alt. form 輓／挽) to grieve; to mourn; to lament (a person's death) • to save (damages, reputation, lost fortune, etc.); to recover; to reverse • (alt. form 綰／绾) to roll up; to coil • (Southern Min) to pluck; to pick ‖ (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, leetspeak) Alternative form of 玩 (waan4-2)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ga̍k • Middle-Chinese : ngaewk
|tall mountain; highest peak • a surname
|
|
|挽 • (man) · 挽 • (man) (hangeul 만)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : vãn
|嶽 (eum 악 (ak))
|
|Hán-Nôm : nhạc
|
|
|挽
|嶽
|-
|-
|捂
|巒
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːs) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 吾 (OC *ŋraː, *ŋaː). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : onn • Middle-Chinese : nguH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ
|to cover ‖ Only used in 枝捂.
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luân • Middle-Chinese : lwan
|pointed mountain • mountain range; ridge
|
|
|捂 • (o) · 捂 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o)
|small peak
|巒 (eum 만 (man))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ô
|Hán-Nôm : loại
|
|
|捂
|巒
|-
|-
|捆
|巔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰuːnʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 困 (OC *kʰuːns).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːn) : semantic 山 + phonetic 顛 (OC *tiːn, *tʰiːns). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“upper part”). Cognate with 顛 (OC *tiːn, “top of the head”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : kwan² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄣˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khún
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tian • Middle-Chinese : ten
|to tie up; to bind; to truss • bundle; bunch • Classifier for bundled items.
|summit of mountain; mountain top; peak • highest; top • (traditional Chinese medicine, anatomy) head
|
|
|tie up • bind • truss up • bundle
|捆 • (gon) · 捆 • (gon) (hangeul 곤)
|tie up • bind • truss up • bundle
|Hán-Nôm : khổn
|
|
|捆
|巔 • (jeon) · 巔 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn)
|-
|捎
| ‖  ‖ Cognate to 消 (OC *sew, “to disappear”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sa • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sau • Middle-Chinese : sraew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu¹ • Middle-Chinese : sjew
|to take something to somebody; to bring; to give; to deliver • (Eastern Min, Hokkien) to take; to grab; to seize; to grope; to snatch • (Eastern Min) to search • (Eastern Min) to dredge or scoop out of water indiscriminately • (Eastern Min, of words) harsh, unforgiving • (Matsu Eastern Eastern Min) to stir thoroughly • (literary) to brush; to stroke; to touch lightly • (literary) to lift up; to raise up • (literary) to cut off; to excise ‖ (colloquial, chiefly of livestock, vehicles, etc.) to move backwards • (colloquial, of colour) to fade ‖ to eliminate
|
|
|
|
|捎 • (so) · 捎 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : sao
|巔
|-
|巽
|Originally 巺, Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𠨎 (“people kneeling”) + 丌 (“table”) – "food, meal; to prepare/display food". \ Jiajie (假借) - The character was subsequently borrowed for a near-homophone meaning "obedient; modest", and the original meaning came to be represented by 饌 (OC *sɡroːnʔ, *sɡrons), through the addition of a semantic component 飠 (“food; eating”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sùn • Middle-Chinese : swonH
|☴ the fifth of the eight trigrams • ䷸ the 57th of the 64 hexagrams • obedient • modest
| ‖ 巽(たつみ) • (tatsumi) ‖ 巽(たつみ) • (Tatsumi)
|southeast ‖ (obsolete) southeast ‖ a surname
|巽 (eumhun 부드러울 손 (budeureoul son))
|
|
|捎
|Hán-Nôm : tốn • Hán-Nôm : rốn • Hán-Nôm : lún dức
|
|巽
|-
|-
|捏
|帑
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *niːɡ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + abbreviated phonetic 涅 (OC *niːɡ). ‖  ‖  
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰaːŋʔ, *naː) : phonetic 奴 (OC *naː) + semantic 巾. ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄝ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ni̍h • Middle-Chinese : net ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tēnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tenn ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liap
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thóng • Middle-Chinese : thangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : nu
|to pick with fingers; to pinch • to clench; to hold in the hand; to grip • to knead • to mold; to bring together • ^† to fabricate; to concoct; to make up • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to press down with one's fingers ‖ (Southern Min) to grasp tightly; to squeeze • (Hokkien, Teochew) to pinch • (Hainanese) to hold (a pen, chopsticks, etc.) • (Malaysian and Singapore Hokkien) to press ‖ (Hokkien) to mold; to knead; to press with one's fingers into certain shapes (of soft objects) • (Hokkien, by extension) to bring up with great pains; to rear with difficulty (a child) • (Hokkien, figurative) to fabricate; to concoct; to make up (something false) • (Mainland China Hokkien, by extension) to do; to be engaged in (especially something negative) • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to fiddle with one's fingers • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to pick with fingers; to pinch • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to make it together • (Hokkien) a surname
|storehouse of money • national money ‖ Alternative form of 孥 · one's offspring • Alternative form of 孥 · one's wife and offspring
|
|
|knead; mix
|捏 (eumhun 꾸밀 날 (kkumil nal))
|hanja form of 날 (“knead”)
|Hán-Nôm : nát • Hán-Nôm : nạt • Hán-Nôm : nhét • Hán-Nôm : niết
|
|
|捏
|帑 • (tang, no) · 帑 • (tang, no) (hangeul 탕, 노, revised tang, no, McCune–Reischauer t'ang, no)
|-
|捐
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷen) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 肙 (OC *qʷeːns). \ The pronunciations in many varieties with velar plosive or palatal affricate initial are from 蠲 (MC kwen) (Li, 1988). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iân • Middle-Chinese : ywen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun¹
|to contribute • to give up; to renounce • to remove • to donate • to spend • tax • to dissipate ‖ Only used in 捐毒 (Yuándú). ‖ (Cantonese) to burrow; to writhe through
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|Hán-Nôm : nô
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|
|捐 • (yeon) · 捐 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, Yale yen)
|帑
|-
|帛
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *braːɡ) : phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ) + semantic 巾 (“cloth”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pe̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pe̍eh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi̍k • Middle-Chinese : baek
|silks; fabrics • wealth; property
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : quyên • Hán-Nôm : quen • Hán-Nôm : quên
|silk (archaic)
|帛 (eumhun 비단 백 (bidan baek))
|silk
|Hán-Nôm : bạch
|
|
|捐
|帛
|-
|-
|捧
|幀
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rtɯːŋs) : semantic 巾 + phonetic 貞 (OC *teŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing³
|^† picture; scroll • Classifier for pictures. • (computing) frame, fps (frame per second)
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : bung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâng • Middle-Chinese : phjowngX
|to hold up in two hands • to compliment; to exalt; to flatter • Classifier for double handfuls of something.
| ‖ 捧(ささげ) • (Sasage)
|to give, dedicate ‖ a surname
|捧 • (bong) · 捧 • (bong) (hangeul 봉)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : bổng • Hán-Nôm : bồng • Hán-Nôm : phủng
|幀 • (jeong, taeng) · 幀 • (jeong, taeng) (hangeul 정, 탱, revised jeong, taeng, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, t'aeng)
|
|
|捧
|canonical : 幀: Hán Việt readings: tránh 幀: Nôm readings: tranh • canonical : trinh
|Nôm form of tranh (“a painting”).
|幀
|-
|-
|捶
|幔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjolʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 垂 (OC *djol).
| ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄟˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuî • Middle-Chinese : tsyweX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buān • Middle-Chinese : manH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : mua
|to strike (with a stick); to beat (with the fists); to lash • to pound
|curtain; screen; canopy ‖ coat; cape; cloak; mantle • to drape over one's shoulders; to wrap around • to put one's arm around another's shoulder or neck
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|
|
|
|捶 • (chu) · 捶 • (chu) (hangeul 추, revised chu, McCune–Reischauer ch'u, Yale chwu)
|幔 (eum 만 (man))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : chúi • Hán-Nôm : chúy • Hán-Nôm : chuý • Hán-Nôm : chùy • Hán-Nôm : chuỳ • Hán-Nôm : dồi • Hán-Nôm : thùy • Hán-Nôm : thuỳ • Hán-Nôm : trùy • Hán-Nôm : truỳ
|Hán-Nôm : mạn • Hán-Nôm : màn
|
|
|捶
|幔
|-
|-
|捷
|幗
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zeb) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 疌 (OC *zeb). \ Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ចាប់ (cap, “to catch, capture, seize, grasp, get”), Chong [script needed] (chap) & Pear [script needed] (chap, “catch”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Related to 妾 (OC *sʰeb, “slave woman, concubine”) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zeb) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 疌 (OC *zeb). \ Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ចាប់ (cap, “to catch, capture, seize, grasp, get”), Chong [script needed] (chap) & Pear [script needed] (chap, “catch”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Related to 妾 (OC *sʰeb, “slave woman, concubine”) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zeb) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 疌 (OC *zeb). \ Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ចាប់ (cap, “to catch, capture, seize, grasp, get”), Chong [script needed] (chap) & Pear [script needed] (chap, “catch”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Related to 妾 (OC *sʰeb, “slave woman, concubine”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zit⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsia̍t • Middle-Chinese : dzjep ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚ
|to win; to be victorious; to succeed • quick; fast; rapid; swift; nimble; agile • (Hokkien) frequent • spoils of war • to reach ‖ Only used in 捷捷 (qièqiè). ‖ Alternative form of 插 (chā, “to insert; to stick into”)
|
|
|Quick, fast, rapid (はや-い) • Victory, conquest, success (しょうり)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwok³ • Middle-Chinese : kwojH • Middle-Chinese : kweak
|捷 • (cheop) · 捷 • (cheop) (hangeul 첩, revised cheop, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏp, Yale chep)
|(historical) women's headgear; women's hair ornament
|To be quick; to win.
|Hán-Nôm : tiệp • Hán-Nôm : tẹp
|
|
|捷
|-
|掀
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰan) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 欣 (OC *qʰɯn).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : hin¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hin³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hian • Middle-Chinese : xjon
|to raise; to lift (a cover, curtain, etc.) • to rock; to flip over; to topple • to expose; to reveal
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|
|
|
|掀 • (heun) · 掀 • (heun) (hangeul 흔, revised heun, McCune–Reischauer hŭn, Yale hun)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hiên
|Hán-Nôm : quắc • Hán-Nôm : vức
|
|
|掀
|幗
|-
|-
|掉
|幛
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deːwʔ, *deːwɢs, *rneːwɢ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 卓 (OC *rteːwɢ).
|Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 巾 (“cloth”) + phonetic 章 (OC *kjaŋ).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : diu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaau⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiō • Middle-Chinese : dewX • Middle-Chinese : dewH • Middle-Chinese : nraewk
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiùnn
|to drop; to fall • to lose; to part • to shake; to wag; to swing • to turn; to move • (dialectal, intransitive) to be missing; to be lost • (Cantonese, Teochew) to throw; to toss • (Cantonese, Teochew) to toss out; to dispose of; to discard • Used along with a verb to indicate completion, usually together with 了 (le); or to indicate imperative mood. • (Mainland China Hokkien) to shake; to shiver
|a type of oblong banner or scroll carrying a message used at weddings, funerals, etc. • to cover
|
|
|
|
|
|掉 (eum 도 (do))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : trao • Hán-Nôm : chèo • Hán-Nôm : điệu • Hán-Nôm : sạo • Hán-Nôm : trạo • Hán-Nôm : tráo
|Hán-Nôm : trướng
|
|
|掉
|幛
|-
|-
|掏
|幟
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰuː, *l'uː) : phonetic 匋 (OC *bl'uː) + semantic 扌 (“hand”)
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjɯɡs, *tʰjɯɡs, *hljɯɡs) : semantic 巾 (“cloth”) + phonetic 戠 (OC *tjɯɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho • Middle-Chinese : daw
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshì • Middle-Chinese : syiH • Middle-Chinese : tsyhiH
|to take out • to fish out (from a bag or pocket) • to dig • (Eastern Min) to take
|flag; banner • (literary) mark; sign • a surname
| ‖ 幟(のぼり) • (nobori)
| ‖ flag, banner
|幟 • (chi) · 幟 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i)
|
|
|canonical : 幟: Hán Việt readings: xí 幟: Nôm readings: xí
|chữ Hán form of xí (“flag, banner”).
|幟
|-
|幫
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paːŋ) : phonetic 封 (OC *poŋ, *poŋs) + semantic 帛 (“silk”) – the upper part of a shoe (鞋幫).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : png • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pong • Middle-Chinese : pang
|the sides of an object (particularly a shoe) • to help; to assist; to aid • gang; faction; group • (informal, derogatory) Classifier for groups of people. • (dialectal) for • (Shanghainese) and; with • (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 幫 (MC pang) • (Hokkien) Classifier for scheduled forms of transportation, such as flights and trains. • (Hokkien) Classifier for batches of letters, bulk deliveries, etc. • (Mainland China Hokkien) to supplement (on the side) • (Xiamen Hokkien) to participate in or to depend partially or entirely on betting, contests, etc. for profit • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to sublet; to sublease • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to expand; to enlarge; to extend
|
|
|掏 (eum 도 (do))
|Kyūjitai form of 幇
|幫 (eumhun 도울 방 (doul bang))
|hanja form of 방 (“help”)
|Hán-Nôm : bang
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đào
|幫
|-
|庖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bruː) : semantic 广 (“house”) + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâu • Middle-Chinese : baew
|(literary) kitchen • (literary) chef; cook
|
|
|掏
|-
|掩
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qromʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 奄 (OC *qromʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : am • Hokkien · Tai-lo : om • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iám • Middle-Chinese : 'jemX
|to cover • to hide; to conceal; to cover up • to close; to shut • (Cantonese) to close partially • (colloquial) to get pinched; to get caught • (literary, or in compounds) to ambush
|
|
|cover • conceal
|庖 (eum 포 (po))
|掩 • (eom) · 掩 • (eom) (hangeul 엄, revised eom, McCune–Reischauer ŏm, Yale em)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ém
|Hán-Nôm : bào
|
|
|掩
|庖
|-
|-
|揉
|庠
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mju) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 柔 (OC *mlju).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljaŋ) : semantic 广 + phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiû • Middle-Chinese : nyuw
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng⁴ • Middle-Chinese : zjang
|to knead; to rub; to massage • to crush by hand
|(archaic) country school • to teach
| ‖
|school; originally, a school in ancient China ‖
|庠 (eum 상 (sang))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tường
|
|
|揉 • (yu) · 揉 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
|庠
|-
|庾
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nhu
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lú • Middle-Chinese : yuX
|a surname
|
|
|揉
|-
|揍
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsòo
|庾 (eumhun 곳집 유 (gotjip yu)) · 庾 (eumhun 노작가리 유 (nojakgari yu))
|to hit; to beat; to strike • (colloquial) to break; to smash to break by falling
|
|Hán-Nôm : dũ
|
|
|庾
|-
|廁
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰrɯɡs, *sʰrɯɡ) : semantic 广 + phonetic 則 (OC *ʔsɯːɡ). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ts(j)i-t/n (“urine; to urinate”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsheh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiak • Middle-Chinese : tsrhiH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci³ • Middle-Chinese : tsrhiH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zak¹
|toilet; lavatory ‖ (literary) to mingle with; to participate in ‖ Used in 廁足／厕足 (cèzú).
|
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|
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|廁 (eum 치 (chi))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tẩu • Hán-Nôm : tấu
|Hán-Nôm : xí
|
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|揍
|廁
|-
|-
|插
|廂
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshap • Middle-Chinese : tsrheap
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sionn • Middle-Chinese : sjang
|to stick into; to insert; to poke; to pierce • to interpose; to insert; to cut in • to participate; to take part in; to mix; to mingle • (literary) to plant • (Cantonese) to scold; to criticize • (Eastern Min, Hokkien, Singapore Teochew) to take notice of; to pay attention to; to heed • (Southern Min) to support someone by the armpit • (Hokkien) to interfere; to intervene; to meddle • (Mainland China Hokkien) to pin something to one's waist, etc. • (Mainland China Hokkien) to mix up; to jumble up • (Mainland China Hokkien, card games) to shuffle • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to bet; to wager • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to kidnap (for ransom) • Alternative form of 鍤／锸 (chā, “spade; shovel”)
|wing; side room; theater box • side • train carriage; compartment • vicinity of a city
|
|
|
|
|插 • (sap) · 插 • (sap) (hangeul 삽, revised sap, McCune–Reischauer sap, Yale sap)
|廂 • (sang) · 廂 • (sang) (hangeul 상, revised sang, McCune–Reischauer sang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : sáp
|Hán-Nôm : rương • Hán-Nôm : sương • Hán-Nôm : tương
|
|
|插
|廂
|-
|-
|揣
|廈
|Characters in the same phonetic series (耑) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toːlʔ, *sʰrolʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 耑 (OC *toːn). ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sraːs, *ɡraːʔ) : semantic 广 + phonetic 夏 (OC *ɡraːʔ, *ɡraːs). \ Related to 嘏 (OC *kraːʔ, “great”) (Wang, 1982). ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshué • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjweX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshēr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshěr ‖  ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˇ • Middle-Chinese : twaX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄞˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄞˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄞ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄞˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄟ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄢˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tyun⁴
|Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hēe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hā • Middle-Chinese : haeX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ēe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hēe
|to speculate; to guess • to measure; to estimate; to assess • to try; to attempt • to hold; to grab • a surname ‖ (Southern Min, Puxian Min, dialectal Eastern Min) to look for; to seek ‖ (Hakka) to guess ‖ to measure, to estimate • to shake, to rock ‖ Only used in 囊揣 (nāngchuài) and 掙揣／挣揣 (zhèngchuài). ‖ to hide or carry something in clothes • to be pregnant • to impose onto someone ‖ to strike ‖ to measure ‖ Alternative form of 團／团 (tuán, “assembled; gathered”)
|mansion; large building • a surname ‖ Only used in 廈門／厦门 (Xiàmén); also used as its short form.
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|
|
|
|揣 • (chwi, ta) · 揣 • (chwi, ta) (hangeul 취, 타)
|廈 (eum 하 (ha))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : súy • Hán-Nôm : suý • Hán-Nôm : sủy • Hán-Nôm : suỷ
|Hán-Nôm : hè • Hán-Nôm : hạ
|
|
|揣
|廈
|-
|-
|揩
|廖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯːw, *rɯːws, *rɯws) : semantic 广 + phonetic 翏 (OC *ɡ·rɯːw, *ɡ·rɯws).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liāu • Middle-Chinese : lew • Middle-Chinese : ljuwH
|(～國) the Zhou dynasty-era state of Liao • a surname
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄞ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khai • Middle-Chinese : kheaj • Middle-Chinese : kheajH
|to wipe; to clean • (Cantonese) to brush; to come into slight contact with
|
|
|廖 (eum 료 (ryo))
|
|
|揩 • (gae) · 揩 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)
|Hán-Nôm : liêu
|
|Hán-Nôm : day • Hán-Nôm : khải
|
|
|揩
|廖
|-
|-
|揪
|廚
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *do) : semantic 广 + phonetic 尌 (OC *djos). ‖ Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 厨(ちゅう) (-chū).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tû • Middle-Chinese : drju ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ
|kitchen • cook; chef (Classifier: 個／个 c) • Original form of 櫥／橱 (chú, “closet; cupboard”). ‖ (Internet slang, chiefly ACG) someone who is zealously enthusiastic about something • (Internet slang, chiefly ACG) to be zealous about something
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiû
|to grasp with one's hand; to pinch
|
|
|廚 • (ju) · 廚 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : chù • Hán-Nôm : chùa • Hán-Nôm : trù
|
|
|廚
|-
|廝
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *se) : semantic 广 + phonetic 斯 (OC *se).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Middle-Chinese : sje
|(male) servant; menial • A lightly insulting term used to refer to someone. • mutually; with each other
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thu • Hán-Nôm : tù
|
|
|揪
|廝 (eum 시 (si))
|-
|揭
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰrads, *ked, *kʰrad, *ɡrad, *kad, *ɡad) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 曷 (OC *ɡaːd). ‖  ‖  ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiat • Middle-Chinese : kjot • Middle-Chinese : gjot • Middle-Chinese : gjet • Middle-Chinese : khjet • Middle-Chinese : kjet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei³ • Middle-Chinese : khjejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ
|to raise; to lift up • to uncover; to unveil; to expose; to reveal • to tear off; to take off • a surname ‖ Used in place names. ‖ to lift up one's clothes ‖ ^‡ to block up
|
|
|to raise • to lift up
|Hán-Nôm : tê • Hán-Nôm : tư
|揭 (eumhun 높이 들 게 (nopi deul ge))
|hanja form of 게 (“to lift; to raise”)
|Hán-Nôm : yết
|
|
|揭
|廝
|-
|-
|搏
|廠
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paɡs, *paːɡ, *pʰaːɡ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 尃 (OC *pʰa).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjaŋʔ, *tʰjaŋs) : semantic 广 + phonetic 敞 (OC *tʰjaŋʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pok • Middle-Chinese : pjuH • Middle-Chinese : phak • Middle-Chinese : pak
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiúnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiáunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiáng • Middle-Chinese : tsyhangX • Middle-Chinese : tsyhangH
|to come to blows • to beat; to pulsate; to throb • to struggle; to wrestle; to work hard; to strive • to suddenly attack; to give a surprise attack; to pounce • to pillage; to plunder; to take away by force; to snatch; to wrest; to seize • to arrest; to apprehend
|^† shack (without wall) • ^† (animal) shed • factory; workshop; mill; (industrial) plant • depot; yard
| ‖ 廠(しょう) • (shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?)
| ‖ depot
|廠 (eum 창 (chang))
|
|
|seize • spring upon • strike
|Hán-Nôm : xưởng
| ‖
| ‖
|Hán-Nôm : vác • Hán-Nôm : bác
|
|
|搏
|廠
|-
|-
|搓
|廬
| ‖ From 搋 (caai1).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ra) : semantic 广 + phonetic 盧 (OC *b·raː).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : co¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : so • Middle-Chinese : tsha ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : caai¹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : ljo
|to rub between hands • (Shanghainese) to flirt with; to pick up ‖ (Cantonese) to knead with hands; to mix with hands; to rub • (Cantonese, ball games) to pass the ball back and forth
|rudimentary lodgings; hut; shack; simple countryside house • (archaic) inn; guesthouse; lodging (for officials) • (historical) hut near a tomb used for morning • (～山) Mount Lu in Jiangxi province • a surname
| ‖ 廬(いお) • (io) ^(←いほ (ifo)?) ‖ 廬(いおり) • (iori) ^(←いほり (ifori)?)
| ‖ a temporary hut • a temporary lodging ‖ a temporary hut • a temporary lodging • a small hut for hermits and priests; a hermitage
|廬 (eum 려 (ryeo))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lư
|
|
|搓 (eum 차 (cha))
|廬
|-
|廿
|The pronunciation in most dialects is a contraction of 二十 (èrshí). The irregular pronunciation (e.g. /nVm/) dates back to the Song dynasty, to avoid homophony with a vulgar word; see 入 (rù) (now commonly written as 日 (rì) in dialects).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jaa⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : je⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nim⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍p • Middle-Chinese : nyip
|twenty
| ‖ 廿(にじゅう) • (nijū) ^(←にじふ (nizifu)?) ‖ 廿(にじゅう) • (nijū) ^(←にじふ (nizifu)?) ‖ 廿(はたち) • (hatachi) ‖ 廿(はたち) • (Hatachi)
|(dated) twenty ‖ (dated) Alternative spelling of 二十 (nijū): twenty, 20 ‖ (archaic) Alternative spelling of 二十 (nijū): a twenty-year-old ‖ (archaic) Alternative spelling of 二十歳 (hatachi): a twenty-year-old ‖ a surname
|廿 (eumhun 스물 입 (seumul ip)) · 廿 (eumhun 이십 입 (isip ip))
|twenty; twentieth
|Hán-Nôm : niệm • Hán-Nôm : trấp • Hán-Nôm : trập • Hán-Nôm : nhập • Hán-Nôm : chấp
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : sai • Hán-Nôm : tha • Hán-Nôm : xaay • Hán-Nôm : xay • Hán-Nôm : xoay • Hán-Nôm : thoa • Hán-Nôm : xây
|廿
|-
|弈
|
|
|搓
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Middle-Chinese : yek
|-
|(literary) Go (board game) • to play Go • Alternative form of 奕 (yì)
|搔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *suː) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 蚤 (OC *ʔsuːʔ, “flea, louse”). \ Schuessler (2007) considers 掃 (OC *suːʔ, *suːs, “to brush”) to be cognate and suggests a Sino-Tibetan etymology, relating it to Chepang साव्सा (saw-, “to itch”), सोस्सा (sos‑, “to itch”), Bodo (India) [script needed] (su-, “to itch”). \ Baxter and Sagart (2014) relates it to 爪 (OC *ʔsruːʔ, “claw”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : so • Hokkien · Tai-lo : soo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sau • Middle-Chinese : saw
|to scratch
| ‖
|to scratch • to make noise ‖
|搔 • (so) · 搔 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : trao • Hán-Nôm : tao • Hán-Nôm : trau
|Chinese chess
|弈 (eum 혁 (hyeok))
|Chinese chess
|Hán-Nôm : dịch
|
|
|搔
|弈
|-
|-
|搖
|弥
|
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iô • Middle-Chinese : yew
|to wag; to swing; to wave • to shake • to scull
|
|
| ‖ 弥(わたる) • (Wataru) ‖ 弥(み) • (mi)
|go across; span; cover • widely, extensively; far and wide • increasingly; more and more • for a long time; forever ‖ a male given name ‖ Used in transliterations.
|弥 (eum 미 (mi))
|
|
|搖 • (yo) · 搖 • (yo) (hangeul 요)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : gieo • Hán-Nôm : dao • Hán-Nôm : diêu • Hán-Nôm : vêu
|
|
|搖
|弥
|-
|-
|搞
|弩
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kruːʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 高.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *naːʔ) : phonetic 奴 (OC *naː) + semantic 弓 (“bow”). \ Compare Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-na (“crossbow”), whence Drung tana, Naxi daqna. \ Unger (1990) suggests a derivation from 努 (OC *naːʔ, “to tense; to exert”), as the crossbow shoots arrows by releasing elastic potential energy stored in its limbs. Ferlus (1999) cites Gernet's opinion that 砮 (OC *naː, *naːʔ, “stone arrow-tip”) had been semantically extended to mean the whole crossbow. \ More likely, 弩 (OC *naːʔ) and Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-na were Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman renditions of a Mainland Southeast Asian Wanderwort (Ratliff, 2010), possibly of Austroasiatic origin (Norman and Mei, 1976; Benedict, 1990; Schuessler, 2007). Compare other MSEA lexical items meaning "crossbow": \ * Proto-Mon-Khmer *snaʔ, whence Vietnamese ná, Khmer ស្នា (snaa); \ * Proto-Hmong-Mien *nhaᴮ, whence White Hmong hneev, Iu Mien hnaav; \ * Proto-Tai *ʰnwɯəꟲ, whence Thai หน้าไม้ (nâa-máai), Lao ໜ້າໄມ້ (nā mai), Lü ᦐᦱᧉᦺᦙᧉ (ṅaa²may²). \ Also compare Proto-Austronesian *panaq (“to shoot (an arrow)”) (cf. Proto-Mon-Khmer *paɲʔ) whence Malay panah, Tagalog panà, Hawaiian pana.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káu
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǒo • Middle-Chinese : nuX
|to do (usually bad things) • to work in; to be engaged in • to make; to produce • to manage; to take care of • to get; to get hold of • to set up; to organize • (slang) to have sex; to fuck
|crossbow
| ‖
|crossbow • one of abbreviations for loanwords whose transcription begin with the syllable ド (Do). Especially, dreadnought. ‖
|弩 • (no) · 弩 • (no) (hangeul 노, revised no, McCune–Reischauer no, Yale no)
|
|Hán-Nôm : nỏ • Hán-Nôm : nỗ • Hán-Nôm : ná • Hán-Nôm : nõ
|
|
|弩
|-
|弭
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bí • Middle-Chinese : mjieX
|(literary) to stop; to put an end to; to remove • (archaic) bow decorated with bone or ivory at the ends • (archaic) curved ends of a bow • (archaic) to reassure; to assuage; to calm • (archaic) to forget • Used in place names. • a surname
|
|
|stop, quit • nock, notch
|弭 (eum 미 (mi))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cào • Hán-Nôm : cạo • Hán-Nôm : cảo • Hán-Nôm : xao • Hán-Nôm : quào
|Hán-Nôm : nhẹ • Hán-Nôm : nhĩ • Hán-Nôm : nhị
|
|
|搞
|弭
|-
|-
|携
|弼
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi̍t • Middle-Chinese : bit
|(literary) to aid; to assist; to help • assistant • tool for rectifying crossbow • to go against; to run counter to
|
|
|to assist • assistant
|弼 • (pil) · 弼 • (pil) (hangeul 필, revised pil, McCune–Reischauer p'il, Yale phil)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bặt • Hán-Nôm : bậc • Hán-Nôm : bật • Hán-Nôm : bằn
|
|
|portable
|弼
|携 (eumhun 멜 휴 (mel hyu))
|-
|彆
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *peds, *peːd) : phonetic 敝 (OC *beds, *bed) + semantic 弓 (“bow”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bit³ • Middle-Chinese : pjiejH
|ends of bow • to make somebody change their opinion; to dissuade • to hold back
|
|
|
|
|彆 (eumhun 활 뒤틀릴 별 (hwal dwiteullil byeol))
|hanja form of 별 (“warped bow”)
|
|
|携
|
|彆
|-
|-
|搾
|彌
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mnel) : semantic 弓 + phonetic 爾 (OC *njelʔ). ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ní • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nî • Middle-Chinese : mjie ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bí • Middle-Chinese : mjie ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊ
|to relax a bow • to fill; to cover • full; overflowing; extensive • long; distant • more • to mend; to repair • a surname ‖ Used in transcription. ‖ Alternative form of 弭 (mǐ, “to stop; to put down”) ‖ Alternative form of 婗 (ní)
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 弥.
|彌 (eumhun 미륵 미 (mireuk mi)) · 彌 (eumhun 두루 미 (duru mi))
|
|
|canonical : 彌: Hán Việt readings: di 彌: Nôm readings: di
|
|
|彌
|-
|彎
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qroːn) : semantic 弓 (“bow”) + phonetic 䜌 (OC *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons). \ May be cognate with 迂 (OC *qʷa, *qʷaʔ, *ɢʷa). \ ; “homosexual”
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uainn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uan • Middle-Chinese : 'waen
|to bend; to make bent • (Penang Hokkien) to turn; to make a turn; to change direction • to draw a bow • bent; curved; crooked; arched • (neologism, slang) gay; homosexual • bend; turn; curve; crook • (Chinese calligraphy) a bend (such as in ㇉, ㇌, ㇟, or ㇠) • (灣／湾 (wān)) · a bend in a river • (灣／湾 (wān)) · a bend in the coastline; bay, gulf • Classifier for bent objects, such as a quarter moon.
| ‖ 彎(わん) • (wan)
|bend, curve • stretching a bow ‖ a bend, a curve
|彎 (eum 만 (man))
|
|
|squeeze
|Hán-Nôm : loan • Hán-Nôm : thoăn
|搾 • (chak) · 搾 • (chak) (hangeul 착, revised chak, McCune–Reischauer ch'ak, Yale chak)
|
|Hán-Nôm : trá
|
|
|搾
|彎
|-
|-
|摔
|当
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 率. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seot¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sut • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suai ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : siàng
|to stumble; to lose one's balance; to fall • to plunge; to fall • to cause to fall and break • to fling; to cast; to throw • to beat; to knock; to thresh (to remove anything attached) • (Hokkien) to eat quickly • (Hokkien) to whip; to flog (with a whip, rod, etc.) • (Hokkien) whip; whisk • (Mainland China Hokkien) to glance quickly • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to quickly shoot ‖ (Taiwanese Hokkien) to throw down forcefully on the ground
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ‖ 当(とう) • (tō-)
|hit • target; objective; goal • right; correct; appropriate • the aforementioned ...; the ... in question ‖ this (business or place)
|当 • (dang) · 当 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : suất • Hán-Nôm : suốt
|Hán-Nôm : đáng • Hán-Nôm : đương
|
|
|摔
|当
|-
|-
|摧
|彗
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 甡 (“broom”) + 又 (“hand”) – to hold a broom which is made of bamboo. \ Sagart (2021) modifies Baxter and Sagart's (2014) reconstruction to *sə-m-pʰˤut-s, deriving it from a root *pʰˤut (“dust”), with the iambic form of the prefix *s-, which derives circumstantial nouns, and the prefix *m-, which derives verbs of volitional action from nouns, and relates it to 勃 (OC *bɯːd) and 孛 (OC *bɯːds, *bɯːd). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huī • Middle-Chinese : zwijH • Middle-Chinese : zjwejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : hjwejH
|(literary) broom • comet • to sweep; to brush ‖ Alternative form of 熭 (wèi)
|
|comet • broom • to sweep
|彗 (eumhun 살별 혜 (salbyeol hye))
|hanja form of 혜 (“comet”)
|Hán-Nôm : tuệ
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshui • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : juê • Middle-Chinese : dzwoj
|彗
|to break; to smash; to destroy
|-
|彥
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋrans) : phonetic 厂 (OC *hŋaːnʔ, *hŋaːns) + semantic 彣 (“variegated; literary talent”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giān • Middle-Chinese : ngjenH
|elegant; handsome • learned; accomplished
|
|
|
|
|摧 (eum 최 (choe))
|彥 • (eon) · 彥 • (eon) (hangeul 언, revised eon, McCune–Reischauer ŏn, Yale en)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : chuôi • Hán-Nôm : tòi • Hán-Nôm : tồi • Hán-Nôm : choi • Hán-Nôm : thuy • Hán-Nôm : toi • Hán-Nôm : thuôi
|Hán-Nôm : ngạn
|
|
|摧
|彥
|-
|-
|摯
|彷
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjibs) : phonetic 執 (OC *tjib) + semantic 手 (“hand”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baːŋ, *pʰaŋʔ) : semantic 彳 + phonetic 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsì • Middle-Chinese : tsyijH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng • Middle-Chinese : phjangX
|sincere; earnest • Emperor Zhi, legendary ruler of ancient China • a surname • Zhi, a state of Shang-era China, connected with the Ren clan • Alternative form of 鷙／鸷 (zhì, “fierce, ferocious”)
|Used in 彷徉 (pángyáng). • Used in 彷徨 (pánghuáng). ‖ Alternative form of 仿 • Used in 彷彿／仿佛 (fǎngfú).
|
|
|sincere; seriousness • to hold in the hand • gift (present typically carried by the visitor for ceremonious occasions) • to reach; to be full of • Alternative spelling of 鷙: bird of prey
|摯 • (ji) · 摯 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : chí
|彷 (eum 방 (bang))
|
|
|摯
|Hán-Nôm : phảng
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|彷
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|摸
|彿
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maː, *maːɡ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maː, *maːɡ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : boo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : moo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mong • Middle-Chinese : mak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : mu
|to touch; to feel (with the hand); to caress • to fish for; to fumble; to grope for • to feel out; to sound out • to feel one's way; to grope • to be sluggish ‖ Alternative form of 摹 (mó) • Used in 摸棱.
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hut • Middle-Chinese : phjut
|Only used in 彷彿／仿佛 (fǎngfú).
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|
|摸 (eum 모 (mo))
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|Hán-Nôm : mò • Hán-Nôm : mó • Hán-Nôm : mọ • Hán-Nôm : mô • Hán-Nôm : mạc
|彿 • (bul) · 彿 • (bul) (hangeul 불, revised bul, McCune–Reischauer pul, Yale pul)
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|
|摸
|Hán-Nôm : phớt
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|彿
|-
|-
|摹
|径
|Simplified from 徑 (巠 → 𢀖) based on the table of 54 simplified radical components listed in the 1956 Chinese Character Simplification Scheme by the People's Republic of China. ‖ Simplified from 逕 which is listed as a variant traditional form of 徑／径 (jìng) in the 1956 first round revision table of variant Chinese characters (第一批异体字整理表) by the People's Republic of China. \ As a variant form, 逕／迳 (jìng) is to be replaced by 徑／径 (jìng) as its orthodox form, which is succeeded by 径 as the simplified form of 徑／径 (jìng). ‖ Unorthodox variant simplified from 徑 (巠 → 圣) found in a moveable type copy of the classical Chinese novel Jin Ping Mei 《金瓶梅 (Jīnpíngméi)》. \ First attested in 《宋元以來俗字譜》, a variant forms dictionary compiled in 1930 that records unorthodox forms (俗字 (súzì)) that have existed since the Song dynasty. \ Another similar character, which has (⿱ス土) as its right component can also be found in 《太平樂府》.
| ‖  ‖
| ‖  ‖
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|path • diameter • method
|径 • (gyeong) · 径 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴
|Hán-Nôm : kính
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|
|径
|-
|徇
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɢʷins) : semantic 彳 + phonetic 旬 (OC *sɢʷin).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn • Middle-Chinese : zwinH
|to submit; to comply
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|
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|摹 • (mo) · 摹 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo, Yale mo)
|徇 • (sun) · 徇 • (sun) (hangeul 순, revised sun, McCune–Reischauer sun, Yale swun)
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|Hán-Nôm : mò
|Hán-Nôm : toang • Hán-Nôm : toạng • Hán-Nôm : tuân • Hán-Nôm : tuẫn
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|
|摹
|徇
|-
|-
|撇
|徨
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰeːd) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 敝 (OC *beds, *bed). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄝˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiap ‖  ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : phih
|to discard; to abandon; to throw away • to skim; to clear (a liquid) from the substance (oil, foam, etc.) floating on it • to move the corners of one's mouth downward (to express disdain, disgust, distrust or unhappiness) • (Chinese calligraphy) stroke that falls downwards towards the left (㇒) • (Cantonese, of rain) to move in a slanted direction • (Cantonese) to leave (without concern) • (Hakka) to flog the buttocks; to spank; to smack lightly with palm • (Hokkien) skill; ability • (Mainland China Hokkien) to drift with the wind • (Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien) charming; fashionable; good-looking; smart • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to write a left falling stroke • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to write unseriously • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to turn one's head away ‖ (Hakka) Used after a verb to indicate perfective aspect (action completion). • (Hakka) Normally followed by 了 to mark a state change. ‖ (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to lightly scoop from the surface of something (oil, etc.) • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to cut meat with a knife
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwang
|Used in 彷徨 (pánghuáng). • Used in 徨徨.
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|wander
|徨 (eum 황 (hwang))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : hoàng
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|
|Hán-Nôm : phét • Hán-Nôm : phết • Hán-Nôm : phệt • Hán-Nôm : phiết
|徨
|
|撇
|-
|-
|撒
|徬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *saːd) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 散 (OC *saːnʔ, *saːns) – to scatter with the hand.‘ \ Cognate with 散 (OC *saːnʔ, *saːns, “to disperse; scattered”). See there for more. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *saːd) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 散 (OC *saːnʔ, *saːns) – to scatter with the hand.‘ \ Cognate with 散 (OC *saːnʔ, *saːns, “to disperse; scattered”). See there for more. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *saːd) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 散 (OC *saːnʔ, *saːns) – to scatter with the hand.‘ \ Cognate with 散 (OC *saːnʔ, *saːns, “to disperse; scattered”). See there for more.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baːŋs) : semantic 彳 + phonetic 旁 (OC *baːŋ). ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄚ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Middle-Chinese : bangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴
|to cast away; to let go • (colloquial) to excrete (urine); to piss • (derogatory) to throw off one's constraint • (Singapore Hokkien) nevermind; forget it; to let a matter drop ‖ to scatter; to sprinkle; to disperse • to spill • (Hokkien) to add into food (of seasoning, liquid, powder, etc.) ‖ a surname
|(archaic) to walk alongside; to accompany ‖ Used in 徬徨.
|
|
|scatter, sprinkle, strew
|wander about • walk along side of
|撒 (eumhun 뿌릴 살 (ppuril sal))
|徬 (eum 방 (bang))
|hanja form of 살 (“scatter, sprinkle, strew”)
|to wander about • walk along side of • to be next to
|Hán-Nôm : tát • Hán-Nôm : tản • Hán-Nôm : rát
|Hán-Nôm : bàng
|
|
|撒
|徬
|-
|-
|撕
|忖
|First usage replaced 斯 (sī, “to tear”). Cognate with 廝／厮 (sī, “to split; woodcutter”), also spelled 㒋 (sī). ‖ First usage replaced 斯 (sī, “to tear”). Cognate with 廝／厮 (sī, “to split; woodcutter”), also spelled 㒋 (sī).
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sai¹ • Middle-Chinese : sej
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun² • Middle-Chinese : tshwonX
|to shred; to tear; to rip • (neologism) to fight; to attack; to assault ‖ Only used in 提撕.
|to ponder; to speculate • (chiefly Zhejiang Wu) to think • (chiefly Zhejiang Wu) to want • (chiefly Zhejiang Wu) to look forward to; to plan for • (chiefly Zhejiang Wu) to miss
|
|
|
|
|撕 (eum 서 (seo))
|忖 (eumhun 헤아릴 촌 (hearil chon))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tê • Hán-Nôm : ti
|Hán-Nôm : thổn
|
|
|撕
|忖
|-
|-
|撞
|忝
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 童 (OC *doːŋ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰiːmʔ, *l̥ʰiːms) : phonetic 天 (OC *qʰl'iːn) + semantic 心 (“heart”) ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshīng • Middle-Chinese : draewng • Middle-Chinese : draewngH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tim² • Cantonese · Jyutping : tim⁵ • Middle-Chinese : themX • Middle-Chinese : themH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiám
|to hit; to bump against; to strike; to run into; to collide • to rush • to meet by chance; to bump into; to come across; to encounter • (of events) to clash; to coincide • to coincide • (Cantonese) to guess
|(literary) to shame • (literary, self-deprecatory) ashamedly; with disgrace ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 悿 (“tired; serious”)
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|
|
|
|撞 • (dang) · 撞 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang)
|忝 • (cheom) · 忝 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : chàng • Hán-Nôm : tràng
|Hán-Nôm : thỏm • Hán-Nôm : thiểm
|
|
|撞
|忝
|-
|-
|撩
|怏
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːw, *reːwʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 尞 (). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːw, *reːwʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 尞 (). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːw, *reːwʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 尞 (). ‖
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liô • Middle-Chinese : lew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu¹ • Middle-Chinese : lewX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng² • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng³ • Middle-Chinese : 'jangX • Middle-Chinese : 'jangH
|to arrange • Used in 撩亂／撩乱 (“chaotic”). • to wind around; to pester • to take; to pluck • to tease; to incite; to provoke • (originally dialectal, slang) to flirt with; to pick up ‖ to raise • to sprinkle ‖ Alternative form of 撂 (liào) • to glance • Used in 撩峭. ‖ (literary or Cantonese) to pick at; to dig at
|discontented; dissatisfied; disgruntled
|
|
|to raise; to lift • to make orderly
|撩 • (ryo>yo) · 撩 • (ryo>yo) (hangeul 료>요, revised ryo>yo, McCune–Reischauer ryo>yo, Yale lyo>yo)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : lêu • Hán-Nôm : bêu • Hán-Nôm : leo • Hán-Nôm : liệu • Hán-Nôm : liêu • Hán-Nôm : treo • Hán-Nôm : trêu • Hán-Nôm : cheo • Hán-Nôm : đeo • Hán-Nôm : gieo
|怏 • (ang) · 怏 • (ang) (hangeul 앙, revised ang, McCune–Reischauer ang, Yale ang)
|
|
|撩
|Hán-Nôm : ửng • Hán-Nôm : ương • Hán-Nôm : ưởng
|
|怏
|-
|-
|撬
|怵
| ‖  
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰud) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 朮 (OC *l'ud, *ɦljud). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰud) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 朮 (OC *l'ud, *ɦljud).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiau ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiauh
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeot¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceot¹ • Middle-Chinese : trhwit ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seot¹
|to pry open • (alt. form 翹／翘) to lift; to raise ‖ (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to pry open
|to fear; to be afraid • sad; sorrowful ‖ (alt. form 訹／𰵓) to entice; to seduce; to lure
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|
|
|
|
|
|
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|Hán-Nôm : khiêu
|Hán-Nôm : truột
|
|
|撬
|怵
|-
|-
|撰
|恆
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯːŋ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 亙 (OC *kɯːŋs, “partial moon”). \ May have originally been written 亙. \ In Small Seal Script, the 月 in 亙 was written 舟. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯːŋ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 亙 (OC *kɯːŋs, “partial moon”). \ May have originally been written 亙. \ In Small Seal Script, the 月 in 亙 was written 舟.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hn̂g • Middle-Chinese : hong
|^† (of the moon) to wax • ^† to extend everywhere ‖ lasting; constant • ordinary • perseverance • (literary) often; frequently • 32nd hexagram of the I Ching; “endurance” (䷟)
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuān • Middle-Chinese : dzrwaenX • Middle-Chinese : dzrjwenX
|always, constant
|to write; to compose; to compile
|恆 • (hang) · 恆 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang, Yale hang)
|
|
|composing • choosing
|Hán-Nôm : hằng
|撰 (eumhun 지을 찬 (jieul chan)) ‖ 撰 (eumhun 가릴 천 (garil cheon))
| ‖
|Hán-Nôm : soạn • Hán-Nôm : chọn • Hán-Nôm : chộn • Hán-Nôm : dọn • Hán-Nôm : dốn • Hán-Nôm : rộn • Hán-Nôm : soảng • Hán-Nôm : soạng
|
|
|撰
|恆
|-
|-
|撲
|恋
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *broːɡ, *pʰoːɡ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : puk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phok • Middle-Chinese : phuwk
|to beat; to strike • to pat; to slap • to dab; to smear; to apply • to rest one's upper body on a surface; to bend over a surface • (American (1980–)) to pull over • a surname: Pu
|
|to beat, to strike
|撲 • (bak, bok) · 撲 • (bak, bok) (hangeul 박, 복)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : vục • Hán-Nôm : buộc • Hán-Nôm : phác • Hán-Nôm : phốc • Hán-Nôm : vọc
|
|
|撲
|-
|撼
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hám • Middle-Chinese : homX
| ‖ 恋(こい) • (koi) ^(←こひ (kofi)?) ‖ 恋(こい) • (Koi) ^(←こひ (kofi)?)
|to shake; to rock
|attach • love ‖ love, especially romantic love • longing, yearning ‖ a female given name
|恋 • (ryeon>yeon) · 恋 • (ryeon>yeon) (hangeul 련>연, revised ryeon>yeon, McCune–Reischauer ryŏn>yŏn, Yale lyen>yen)
|
|
|move
|撼 • (gam) · 撼 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cắn • Hán-Nôm : hám
|
|
|撼
|恋
|-
|-
|擂
|恙
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːl, *ruːls) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 雷 (OC *ruːl). ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋs) : phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ) + semantic 心.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luî ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luî
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iōng • Middle-Chinese : yangH
|to grind • to beat • (Hakka) to wipe hard/ roughly ‖ Only used in 擂臺／擂台 (lèitái).
|worry • disaster; calamity • illness; ailment • (～蟲) chigger
| ‖ 恙(つつが) • (tsutsuga)
|disaster; calamity ‖ disaster; calamity
|恙 (eum 양 (yang))
|
|
|grind • mash • grate
|Hán-Nôm : dạng
|
|
|
|恙
|Hán-Nôm : lôi • Hán-Nôm : soi
|
|擂
|-
|-
|擅
|恪
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djans) : semantic 手 (“hands”) + phonetic 亶 (OC *taːnʔ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰlaːɡ) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siān • Middle-Chinese : dzyenH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kok³ • Middle-Chinese : khak
|to hold all in one's hands; to monopolize • to own; to possess • to be good at • to do on one's own initiative; to do according to one's wishes
|^† respectful; scrupulous • ^† solemn; serious • a surname
|
|
|
|
|擅 • (cheon) · 擅 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen)
|恪 (eum 각 (gak))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : chen • Hán-Nôm : thiện
|Hán-Nôm : khác
|
|
|擅
|恪
|-
|-
|擇
|恫
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rlaːɡ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 睪 (OC *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍h • Middle-Chinese : draek
|to select; to choose; to pick out
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dung⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tung¹ • Middle-Chinese : thuwng • Middle-Chinese : duwngH
|
|
|擇 (eumhun 가릴 택 (garil taek))
|hanja form of 택 (“to select; selection”)
|Hán-Nôm : trạch
|
|
|擇
|feel pain • threaten • groan
|-
|恫 • (tong) · 恫 • (tong) (hangeul 통, revised tong, McCune–Reischauer t'ong, Yale thong)
|擊
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keːɡ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 毄 () – to strike with the hand.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kit • Middle-Chinese : kek
|to strike; to hit; to beat • to stab; to pierce • to attack; to fight • to come into contact with
|
|
|strike
|Hán-Nôm : động • Hán-Nôm : thông
|擊 (eumhun 칠 격 (chil gyeok))
|hanja form of 격 (“strike”)
|Hán-Nôm : kếch • Hán-Nôm : ghếch • Hán-Nôm : kích
|
|
|擊
|恫
|-
|-
|擎
|恿
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loŋʔ) : phonetic 甬 (OC *loŋʔ) + semantic 心 (“heart”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǐng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīng • Middle-Chinese : yowngX
|Used in 慫恿／怂恿 (sǒngyǒng, “to instigate; to incite”). • Alternative form of 勇 (yǒng, “brave; courage; bravery”)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : king⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìn • Middle-Chinese : gjaeng
|to prop up; to hold up; to lift up • (Hakka) to raise one's hand or arm
|
|
|lift up • hold up • support
|恿 • (yong) · 恿 • (yong) (hangeul 용, revised yong, McCune–Reischauer yong, Yale yong)
|擎 • (gyeong) · 擎 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
|lift up • to support • to hold
|Hán-Nôm : kình
|
|
|擎
|Hán-Nôm : dũng
|-
|擒
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrɯm) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 禽 (OC *ɡrɯm).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khîm • Middle-Chinese : gim
|to catch; to capture; to seize; to arrest • to hold; to grasp • (Cantonese) to climb
| ‖ 擒(とりこ) • (toriko)
| ‖ a prisoner, captive, slave
|擒 • (geum) · 擒 • (geum) (hangeul 금, revised geum, McCune–Reischauer kŭm, Yale kum)
|catch, capture, seize, arrest
|canonical : 擒: Hán Việt readings: cầm 擒: Nôm readings: cầm
|chữ Hán form of cầm (“to hold, keep, capture, seize, arrest”).
|擒
|-
|擔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːm, *taːms) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 詹 (OC *tjam) – to carry by hand. \ According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tam (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Burmese ထမ်း (htam:, “to carry on the shoulder”). Schuessler (2007), on the other hand, notes 擔 (OC *taːm) is an area word whose source is probably Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *klam ~ *kləm (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Khmu klam (“to carry on shoulder”). An alternative form with initial *t which agrees with later Old Chinese is widespread; compare also Khmer ទាំ (tŏəm, “to tire of; to bear”), Khmer ទ្រាំ (trŏəm, “to bear; to endure”), Proto-Hmong-Mien *ntam (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Iu Mien daːm¹, and Proto-Tai *trwaːmᴬ (“to carry on the back”), whence Thai หาม (hǎam, “to carry”). \ The softened initial in Northern Min points to OC pre-nasalization which is supported by Iu Mien daːm¹ (Schuessler, 2007), an early Chinese loan into Hmong-Mien (Baxter and Sagart, 2014). \ 擔 (OC *taːms) is 擔 (OC *taːm) with the passive s/h-suffix, literally "what is carried". ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːm, *taːms) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 詹 (OC *tjam) – to carry by hand. \ According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tam (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Burmese ထမ်း (htam:, “to carry on the shoulder”). Schuessler (2007), on the other hand, notes 擔 (OC *taːm) is an area word whose source is probably Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *klam ~ *kləm (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Khmu klam (“to carry on shoulder”). An alternative form with initial *t which agrees with later Old Chinese is widespread; compare also Khmer ទាំ (tŏəm, “to tire of; to bear”), Khmer ទ្រាំ (trŏəm, “to bear; to endure”), Proto-Hmong-Mien *ntam (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Iu Mien daːm¹, and Proto-Tai *trwaːmᴬ (“to carry on the back”), whence Thai หาม (hǎam, “to carry”). \ The softened initial in Northern Min points to OC pre-nasalization which is supported by Iu Mien daːm¹ (Schuessler, 2007), an early Chinese loan into Hmong-Mien (Baxter and Sagart, 2014). \ 擔 (OC *taːms) is 擔 (OC *taːm) with the passive s/h-suffix, literally "what is carried".
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tam • Middle-Chinese : tam ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daam³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàm • Middle-Chinese : tamH
|to carry on a shoulder pole • to bear; to shoulder; to undertake • (Cantonese) to hold in one's mouth ‖ carrying pole with loads on both ends • burden; load; responsibilities • picul, a traditional Chinese unit of weight equal to 100 catties · (Mainland China) picul; equal to 50 kilograms • picul, a traditional Chinese unit of weight equal to 100 catties · (Hong Kong) picul; equal to 60.478982 kilograms • Classifier for things carried on a shoulder pole: load
|
|A traditional unit of measurement equivalent to 60kg or approximately 132.3lb • shouldering • carry • raise • bear
|擔 (eumhun 멜 담 (mel dam))
|hanja form of 담 (“shouldering”) • hanja form of 담 (“carry”) • hanja form of 담 (“raise”) • hanja form of 담 (“bear”)
|Hán-Nôm : đâm • Hán-Nôm : đảm • Hán-Nôm : tạ
|
|
|擔
|恿
|-
|-
|據
|悅
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kas) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 豦 (OC *kas, *ɡa). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kas) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 豦 (OC *kas, *ɡa).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lod, *lod) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds). \ Often written as 說 in pre-Qin texts. \ STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”). Cognate with 愉 (OC *lo, “happy; pleased”), 說 (OC *hljods, “to speak; to explain”), 脫 (OC *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd, “to take off (clothes); to escape”), 偷 (OC *l̥ʰoː, “to steal”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kì • Middle-Chinese : kjoH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˇ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyut⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua̍t • Middle-Chinese : ywet
|to depend on; to rely on • according to; based on • to occupy; to take possession of; to seize • (literary, or in compounds) evidence; base; proof • (literary) to cite; to quote • a surname: Ju ‖ to catch; to seize
|pleased; contented; gratified • to be pleasing to • to like; to love
|
|
|
|
|據 • (geo) · 據 • (geo) (hangeul 거, revised geo, McCune–Reischauer kŏ, Yale ke)
|悅 (eum 열 (yeol))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cớ • Hán-Nôm : cứ
|Hán-Nôm : duyệt
|
|
|據
|悅
|-
|-
|擬
|悌
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɯʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 疑 (OC *ŋɯ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *diːlʔ, *diːls) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 弟 (OC *diːlʔ, *diːls). Often written as 弟 in Pre-Qin classics.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gí • Middle-Chinese : ngiX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tē • Middle-Chinese : dejX • Middle-Chinese : dejH
|to compare • to imitate; to copy; to emulate; to mimic • to plan; to propose • to draft; to devise; to draw up • to presuppose; to hypothesise; to assert
|to love and respect one's elder brothers • (chiefly in compounds, of the mind) peaceful; at ease
|
|
|mimic, imitate • guess, suspect • pseudo-, mock-
|擬 (eumhun 비길 의 (bigil ui))
|hanja form of 의 (“to compare”) • hanja form of 의 (“to imitate; to emulate”)
|Hán-Nôm : nghĩ • Hán-Nôm : nghỉ
|
|
|擬
|悌 (eum 제 (je))
|-
|擴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷlaːŋs, *kʰʷaːɡ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 廣 (OC *kʷaːŋʔ) – to stretch or enlarge with hands.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khok • Middle-Chinese : hwangH
|to expand; to enlarge; to stretch
|
|
|broaden
|Hán-Nôm : đễ
|擴 • (hwak, gwang) · 擴 • (hwak, gwang) (hangeul 확, 광, revised hwak, gwang, McCune–Reischauer hwak, kwang, Yale hwak, kwang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : quẳng • Hán-Nôm : huếch • Hán-Nôm : khoác • Hán-Nôm : khoách • Hán-Nôm : khuếch
|悌
|-
|悚
|
|
|擴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sung² • Middle-Chinese : sjowngX
|-
|to fear; to be terrified
|攀
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰraːn) : phonetic 樊 (OC *ban) + semantic 手 (“hand”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phan • Middle-Chinese : phaen
|to climb upwards; to clamber • to pull; to cling to • to seek connections in high places • to implicate; to involve • a surname: Pan
|
|
|
|
|攀 • (ban) · 攀 • (ban) (hangeul 반)
|悚 (eum 송 (song))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phan • Hán-Nôm : phàn
|Hán-Nôm : tủng
|
|
|攀
|悚
|-
|-
|攝
|悵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *neːb, *ʔnjeb) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 聶 (OC *neb). ‖  ‖ Compare Wuming Zhuang saeb (“to insert into a gap”), Hlai nyiep (/⁠ȵiːp⁷⁠/, “to insert into a gap”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liap • Middle-Chinese : syep ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nip⁶ • Middle-Chinese : nep ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : sip³
|to take in; to absorb; to extract • to take a photograph • (literary) to hold; to grasp; to drag • (literary) to manage; to command; to administer • (literary) to act as an agent; to be a representative; to act as a proxy • (literary) to arrest; to apprehend • (literary) to draw; to attract • (literary) to assist • (literary) to be squeezed in between • (literary) to maintain one's health; to keep fit • (Chinese phonetics) rhyme group; rhyme class (one of 16 sets of 韻 in Middle Chinese) ‖ Only used in 攝然／摄然. ‖ to squeeze into; to wedge in • to raise something by putting another thing underneath
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Middle-Chinese : trhjangH
|disappointed; dissatisfied
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|
|攝 • (seop, yeop) · 攝 • (seop, yeop) (hangeul 섭, 엽, revised seop, yeop, McCune–Reischauer sŏp, yŏp, Yale sep, yep)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nhép • Hán-Nôm : nếp • Hán-Nôm : nhiếp • Hán-Nôm : xếp • Hán-Nôm : nhẹp • Hán-Nôm : nhíp • Hán-Nôm : triếp
|悵 (eum 창 (chang))
|
|
|攝
|Hán-Nôm : trướng
|
|悵
|-
|-
|敞
|悶
|Compare Tibetan ཐང (thang, “plain; flatland”) (Coblin, 1986).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯːns) : phonetic 門 (OC *mɯːn) + semantic 心 \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-mun (“dark”) (STEDT). Cognate with 昏 (OC *hmɯːn, “dusk; dark”), Tibetan མུན་པ (mun pa, “darkness”), Burmese မှုန် (hmun, “dim; gloomy”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiáng • Middle-Chinese : tsyhangX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : būn • Middle-Chinese : mwonH
|spacious; open; broad; roomy • to be open; to leave (something) wide open
|gloomy; depressed; melancholy • bored • stuffy
| ‖ 悶(もん) • (mon)
| ‖ agony
|悶 (eumhun 답답할 민 (dapdaphal min))
|hanja form of 민 (“agony”)
|canonical : 悶: Hán Việt readings: muộn • canonical : môn 悶: Nôm readings: muốn • canonical : mụn
|chữ Hán form of muộn (“sad, sorrowful”). • Nôm form of muốn (“to want, to desire”).
|悶
|-
|悸
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷids) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 季 (OC *kʷids).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : gjwijH
|
|
|
|
|敞 (eum 창 (chang))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : sưởng
|悸 • (gye) · 悸 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye, Yale kyey)
|
|
|敞
|-
|敲
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰraːw, *kʰraːws) : phonetic 高 (OC *kaːw) + semantic 攴 (“to hit lightly; to tap”). ‖ From 休 (MC xjuw, “to rest; to stop”) (Kwok and Kataoka, 2006). Compare Guangzhou 嘵／哓 (hiu1), which has become obsolete.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : haau¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khàu • Middle-Chinese : khaew • Middle-Chinese : khaewH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : hau¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haau¹
|to hit; to strike; to tap; to rap; to knock • (colloquial) to rip off; to overcharge; to blackmail • (colloquial) to criticize; to warn • (Hokkien, Singapore Teochew) to call someone (by phone); to telephone • (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to knock down; to remove; to demolish • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to alter (clothes) • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to compete (among businesses) ‖ (Macau and Dongguan Cantonese) Used after a verb to indicate perfective aspect (action completion).
|
|
|to knock, to strike, to hit
|敲 (eumhun 두드릴 고 (dudeuril go)) · 敲 (eumhun 두드릴 교 (dudeuril gyo)) · 敲 (eumhun 두드릴 학 (dudeuril hak))
|hanja form of 고 (“knock”) • hanja form of 교 (“knock”) • hanja form of 학 (“knock”)
|Hán-Nôm : xao • Hán-Nôm : xào • Hán-Nôm : sao
|
|
|敲
|悸
|-
|-
|數
|悻
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sroʔ, *sros, *sroːɡ) : phonetic 婁 (OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro) + semantic 攴. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-tsjəj (“to count”); cognate to Tibetan རྩི (rtsi, “to count; to calculate”), Burmese ရေ (re, “to count”), Jingpho hti, Ersu htɛ⁵⁵ (STEDT). \ Schuessler (2007) connects this word with Austroasiatic; compare Mon ရိုဟ် (rɜ̀h), from Middle Mon ruih (“to count”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *rʔis (“to count”). ‖ Exopassive derivation of Etymology 1 with suffix *-s, meaning "what is counted" (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Derivation of Etymology 1, perhaps with distributive suffix *-k (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sòo • Middle-Chinese : srjuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siàu • Middle-Chinese : srjuH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sok • Middle-Chinese : sraewk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiok
|to count; to enumerate • to be reckoned as • to criticize; to find fault; to blame ‖ number; figure; amount (Classifier: 個／个; 粒 c) • (mathematics) number • (grammar) number • several; few • mathematics; reckoning (one of the Six Arts) • Short for 數學／数学 (shùxué, “mathematics”). • divination • skill • law; rule; regular pattern • legal system • fate; destiny • (Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min) account (Classifier: 條／条 c; 盤／盘 c) • (Cantonese) debt (Classifier: 筆／笔 c; 條／条 c) • (Cantonese) sum of money (Classifier: 筆／笔 c; 嚿 c) • (Cantonese) mathematical problem (Classifier: 條／条 c) ‖ frequently; repeatedly ‖ fine and closely woven
|
|
|count • number
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang⁵
|數 (eumhun 셀 수 (sel su)) · 數 (eumhun 셈 수 (sem su)) ‖ 數 (eumhun 자주 삭 (jaju sak)) ‖ 數 (eumhun 촘촘할 촉 (chomchomhal chok))
|(literary) angry; resentful
|Hanja form of 수 (“number; fixed quantity; figure”). • Hanja form of 수 (“to count; to calculate”). • Hanja form of 수 (“a little; a bit; a few; several”). • Hanja form of 수 (“manners”). • Hanja form of 수 (“grade”). • Hanja form of 수 (“obligation; duty”). • Hanja form of 수 (“fate; destiny”). • Hanja form of 수 (“skill; technique”). • Hanja form of 수 (“trick; scheme”). • Hanja form of 수 (“means; method”). ‖ (literary) hanja form of 삭 (“often; frequently”) ‖ (literary) hanja form of 촉 (“dense; thick”)
|canonical : 數: Hán Việt readings: sác • canonical : số • canonical : sổ • canonical : xúc 數: Nôm readings: số • canonical : sỗ • canonical : sộ • canonical : xọ
|chữ Hán form of số (“number”).
|數
|-
|斟
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kljum) : phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums) + semantic 斗 (“dipper; cup”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l-(t/d)jam (“to fill, flat”). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsim • Middle-Chinese : tsyim ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : thîn
|to pour (a drink) into drinkware • ^† (figurative) to consider; to deliberate • (Cantonese) to negotiate ‖ (Hokkien) to pour (a drink) into drinkware • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to drink alcohol
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|
|
|
|斟 (eum 짐 (jim))
|悻 (eum 행 (haeng))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : châm
|Hán-Nôm : hãnh
|
|
|斟
|悻
|-
|-
|斧
|悽
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paʔ) : phonetic 父 (OC *paʔ, *baʔ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”) \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-pʷa (“axe”) (STEDT). Cognate with Garo rua (“axe”), Jingpho nwa, ningwa (“axe”), Tangut 𘟬 (*wjị¹, “axe”), Japhug tɯrpa (“axe”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : póo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Middle-Chinese : pjuX
|axe; hatchet
| ‖ 斧(おの) or 斧(オノ) • (ono) ^(←をの (wono) or ヲノ (wono)?) ‖ 斧(よき) • (yoki)
| ‖ axe, hatchet ‖ (obsolete or dialectal) a hatchet · (Ibaraki, Nagoya, Hyōgo, Shikoku, Kyūshū) a small hatchet • (obsolete or dialectal) a hatchet · (Yamanashi) a big hatchet • (obsolete or dialectal) a hatchet · (southern Tohoku, Kantō, Chūbu, Kansai, Shikoku, Kyūshū) an axe, a hatchet (in general)
|斧 • (bu) · 斧 • (bu) (hangeul 부)
|
|
|canonical : 斧: Hán Việt readings: phủ 斧: Nôm readings: búa
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cai¹ • Middle-Chinese : tshej
|(alt. form 淒／凄) miserable; sorrowful; sad
|
|
|斧
|-
|斬
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsánn • Middle-Chinese : tsreamX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǎm
|to cut; to hack; to chop (with a large blade, forcefully) • to behead (as punishment); to chop the waist • a surname: Zhan ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 鏨／錾
|
|
|beheading • kill, murder • cut • slay, slaying
|悽 (eum 처 (cheo))
|斬 • (cham) · 斬 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : trảm • Hán-Nôm : chém
|Hán-Nôm : thê
|
|
|斬
|悽
|-
|-
|斷
|惆
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𢇍 (“to cut”) + 斤 (“axe”). \ Before the Qin dynasty, this character was written as 𠸿 or 𠜷. According to Shuowen, the left component is an old form of 叀. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dan (“cut”). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𢇍 (“to cut”) + 斤 (“axe”). \ Before the Qin dynasty, this character was written as 𠸿 or 𠜷. According to Shuowen, the left component is an old form of 叀. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dan (“cut”).
| ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tyun⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dyun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tňg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuǎn • Middle-Chinese : dwanX • Middle-Chinese : twanX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dyun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dyun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuǎn • Middle-Chinese : twanH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : trhjuw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡ • Middle-Chinese : khjuw
|to break; to snap; to cut • to cut off; to sever; to interrupt • to give up; to abstain from; to quit • (Hokkien) to not have; to be without; there is not ‖ to judge; to decide; to determine; to settle • (chiefly in the negative) absolutely; definitely; decidedly • (Cantonese) to count in a certain unit • 29th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "decisiveness" (𝌢)
|disappointed; sad; grieved ‖ ^‡ Alternative form of 恘 (qiū, “perverse”)
|
|
|
|sever • cut off • interrupt
|惆 (eum 추 (chu))
|斷 (eumhun 끊을 단 (kkeuneul dan))
|hanja form of 단 (“sever”) • hanja form of 단 (“cut off”) • hanja form of 단 (“interrupt”)
|Hán-Nôm : đoán • Hán-Nôm : đoạn
|chữ Hán form of đoán (“to guess; to predict; to surmise; to divine”). • chữ Hán form of đoạn (“painful; broken off; to corner”).
|斷
|-
|於
|From an ancient variant form of 烏. Not related to 方 or 㫃. \ Note the other uses of 于 (yú), the simplified and variant traditional form of the preposition senses. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔaj (“to go; directional particle”) (Schuessler, 2007). It has slowly merged with and replaced the older 于 (OC *ɢʷa) (ibid.). ‖  ‖ Variant of 阿 (*qaːl, prefix in kinship terms and personal names) (ibid.).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : 'jo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : u • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i • Middle-Chinese : 'jo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Middle-Chinese : 'u
|(indicates time or place) in; at; on • (used before a noun to indicate the object of an action) with; on • (used before a noun, verb or adjective to indicate the target of action) to • (indicates beginning or source) from • (indicates the agent of action) by • (indicates comparison) than • (used after a verb or adjective) with regard to ‖ a surname ‖ Alternative form of 烏／乌 (“crow; raven”) • Alternative form of 嗚／呜 (wū, “alas!; oh!”) • Used in 於菟／於檡／於兔／於䖘 (wūtú, “tiger”).
| ‖ 於
|in (defines a place, a moment, a concept in order to describe its relationship with the surroundings) ‖ at; sometimes appears on signage to designate the location or time of an event, preposed as in classical Chinese (but in contravention to Japanese word order).
|於 (eumhun 어조사 어 (eojosa eo)) ‖ 於 (eumhun 감탄사 오 (gamtansa o))
| ‖
|canonical : 於: Hán Việt readings: ư 於: Nôm readings: ơ • canonical : ở • canonical : ưa • canonical : ờ • canonical : ư • canonical : ớ • canonical : ô • canonical : ứ • canonical : thờ
|Nôm form of ở (“to be; to live; to stay; to remain”).
|於
|-
|旁
|Probably phono-semantic (形聲／形声) following the pronunciation of 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ). The upper component has evolved significantly in time, including 冖 (Shang), 凡 (Western Zhou), or forms resembling 辛 (Spring and Autumn bronze of Wu) or 用 (Warring States bronze inscription of Wei and proto-clerical script of Qin). In the Chu Silk Manuscript the form was much simplified. The modern form was a descendant from the clerical script. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *paŋ ~ *pak (“side”). ‖ Probably phono-semantic (形聲／形声) following the pronunciation of 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ). The upper component has evolved significantly in time, including 冖 (Shang), 凡 (Western Zhou), or forms resembling 辛 (Spring and Autumn bronze of Wu) or 用 (Warring States bronze inscription of Wei and proto-clerical script of Qin). In the Chu Silk Manuscript the form was much simplified. The modern form was a descendant from the clerical script. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *paŋ ~ *pak (“side”). ‖ Probably phono-semantic (形聲／形声) following the pronunciation of 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ). The upper component has evolved significantly in time, including 冖 (Shang), 凡 (Western Zhou), or forms resembling 辛 (Spring and Autumn bronze of Wu) or 用 (Warring States bronze inscription of Wei and proto-clerical script of Qin). In the Chu Silk Manuscript the form was much simplified. The modern form was a descendant from the clerical script. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *paŋ ~ *pak (“side”). ‖ Probably phono-semantic (形聲／形声) following the pronunciation of 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ). The upper component has evolved significantly in time, including 冖 (Shang), 凡 (Western Zhou), or forms resembling 辛 (Spring and Autumn bronze of Wu) or 用 (Warring States bronze inscription of Wei and proto-clerical script of Qin). In the Chu Silk Manuscript the form was much simplified. The modern form was a descendant from the clerical script. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *paŋ ~ *pak (“side”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pông • Middle-Chinese : bang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥ
|side; beside; close by • other; else • (linguistics) radical (of a character) • widespread • to assist • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 傍 (“to be near to; to approach; to depend on; to rely on”) ‖ Only used in 旁勃. ‖ Only used in 旁旁 (bēngbēng).
| ‖ 旁(つくり) • (tsukuri)
| ‖ the right-hand component of a kanji
|旁 • (bang, paeng) · 旁 • (bang, paeng) (hangeul 방, 팽, revised bang, paeng, McCune–Reischauer pang, p'aeng, Yale pang, phayng)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bàng • Hán-Nôm : bừng • Hán-Nôm : bầng • Hán-Nôm : bường • Hán-Nôm : phàng
|Hán-Nôm : trù
|
|
|旁
|惆
|-
|-
|旭
|惘
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷoɡ) : phonetic 九 (OC *kuʔ) + semantic 日 (“sun”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maŋʔ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 罔 (OC *mlaŋʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiok • Middle-Chinese : xjowk
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mong⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bòng • Middle-Chinese : mjangX
|rising sun • brilliant; radiant
|disappointed; disconcerted; dejected; discouraged
| ‖ 旭(あさひ) • (asahi) ‖ 旭(あさひ) • (Asahi) ‖ 旭(あきら) • (Akira)
|rising sun ‖  ‖ Asahi (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan) • a surname ‖ a male given name
|旭 • (uk) · 旭 • (uk) (hangeul 욱, revised uk, McCune–Reischauer uk, Yale wuk)
|rising sun • brilliance • radiant
|Hán-Nôm : húc
|
|
|旭
|-
|昂
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːŋ) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 卬 (OC *ŋaːŋ, *ŋaŋʔ, “man standing and man kneeling”). ‖  ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : ngong⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngong⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : không • Middle-Chinese : ngang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˋ ‖
|to raise; to lift • to rise • high spirited; upright • a surname ‖ ^‡ Only used in 昂昂 (yàngyàng, “virtuous; respectable (of a ruler)”). ‖ Alternative form of 仰 (“to raise one's head; to have one's face and belly face upward”)
|
|
|high spirited • to raise the head
|惘 (eum 망 (mang))
|昂 • (ang) · 昂 • (ang) (hangeul 앙, revised ang, McCune–Reischauer ang, Yale ang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ngang • Hán-Nôm : ngáng • Hán-Nôm : ngàng • Hán-Nôm : ngãng • Hán-Nôm : ngâng
|Hán-Nôm : võng
|
|
|昂
|惘
|-
|-
|昇
|惚
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljɯŋ) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 升 (OC *hljɯŋ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmɯːd) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 忽 (OC *hmɯːd).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing¹ • Middle-Chinese : sying
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hut • Middle-Chinese : xwot
|(obsolete) rising of the sun • Alternative form of 升 (shēng, “to rise; to ascend”) • Alternative form of 升 (shēng, “to promote”) • Used in 昇平／升平 (“peaceful”). • a surname • Used in personal names.
|absent-minded; confused
| ‖ 昇(のぼる) • (Noboru)
|to rise up ‖ a male given name
|昇 • (seung) · 昇 • (seung) (hangeul 승, revised seung, McCune–Reischauer sŭng, Yale sung)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thăng
|fall in love with • admire • grow senile
|to rise, ascending, or a person's first name "Thăng"
|惚 (eum 홀 (hol))
|昇
|-
|晃
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² • Middle-Chinese : hwangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong²
|(literary) shining; shiny • to glitter; to shine; to dazzle • to flash past ‖ to sway; to shake
| ‖ 晃(あきら) • (Akira)
|clear ‖ a male given name
|晃 • (hwang) · 晃 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : quáng • Hán-Nôm : hoảng • Hán-Nôm : quàng
|Hán-Nôm : hốt • Hán-Nôm : ghen
|
|
|晃
|惚
|-
|-
|晌
|惧
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoeng² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siáng
|noon; midday • daytime; half a day • moment; short period of time • A unit of land measurement.
|
|
|
|
|晌 (eum 상 (sang))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thưởng
|dread
|
|
|
|晌
|-
|晚
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *monʔ) : semantic 日 + phonetic 免 (OC *mronʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Middle-Chinese : mjonX
|evening; night • late (near the end of a period of time) • late (in relation to the expected or proper time) • succeeding • old age; later years • Classifier for the number of nights.
|
|
|evening • night • late
|晚 (eumhun 늦을 만 (neujeul man))
|hanja form of 만 (“evening; night”) • (only used in compounds) hanja form of 만 (“late”)
|Hán-Nôm : vãn • Hán-Nôm : muộn
|
|
|晚
|惧
|-
|-
|晝
|惨
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 聿 + 日 (“sun”). Used to mean “daytime” in ancient texts. \ The significance and meaning of the 聿 component, as present in the oracle bone inscriptions, is not clear. Various theories exist, including that it serves as a phonetic component, in which case the character would be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tus) : phonetic 聿 (OC *b·lud) + semantic 日 (“sun”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-duk (“daytime; noon”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan གདུགས (gdugs, “midday; umbrella”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiù • Middle-Chinese : trjuwH
|daytime; day; daylight • (Hakka, Min) lunch • An ancient placename in modern-day Zibo, Shandong province, China. • a surname
| ‖
|Kyūjitai form of 昼 ‖
|晝 (eumhun 낮 주 (nat ju))
|hanja form of 주 (“daytime”) [affix]
|Hán-Nôm : chú • Hán-Nôm : trú
|
|
|晝
|-
|晦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmɯːs) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ). \ STEDT compares 晦 (OC *hmɯːs) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“foggy; dark; sullen; menacing; thunder”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fui³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huè • Middle-Chinese : xwojH
|last day of a lunar month • dark, unclear, obscure • night • 67th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "darkening" (𝍈)
| ‖ 晦(かい) • (kai) ^(←くわい (kwai)?) ‖ 晦(かん) • (kan) ^(←くわん (kwan)?) ‖ 晦(つごもり) • (tsugomori) ‖ 晦(つもごり) • (tsumogori)
| ‖ end of the month • dark, darkened • obscure, unknown • conceal, hide ‖ a darkening of the sky • something unclear or obscure • the last day of a (lunar) month ‖ (archaic) the darkening of moonlight • (by extension) the last day of a (lunar) month ‖ (rare, archaic) the darkening of moonlight • (rare, by extension) the last day of a (lunar) month
|晦 (eumhun 그믐 회 (geumeum hoe))
|hanja form of 회 (“last day of a lunar month”)
|Hán-Nôm : hổi • Hán-Nôm : hối • Hán-Nôm : hói • Hán-Nôm : hòi • Hán-Nôm : hỗi • Hán-Nôm : họi
|
|
|晦
|-
|晰
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik
|clear; distinct
|
|
|clear; limpid
|wretched
|晰 (eum 석 (seok))
|惨 • (cham, chim) · 惨 • (cham, chim) (hangeul 참, 침, revised cham, chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, ch'im, Yale cham, chim)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tích
|Hán-Nôm : thảm • Hán-Nôm : thom
|
|
|晰
|惨
|-
|-
|暢
|惴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰaŋs) : semantic 申 + phonetic 昜 (OC *laŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshióng • Middle-Chinese : trhjangH
|unimpeded; smooth • comfortable • uninhibited; unrestrained • (Teochew) whole • (Teochew) to lead to; to go through • (Teochew) to know • a surname
| ‖ 暢(とおる) • (Tōru)
| ‖ a male given name
|暢 • (chang) · 暢 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang, Yale chang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : sướng
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun² • Middle-Chinese : tsyweH
|chữ Hán form of sướng (“happy; elated”).
|暢
|-
|曆
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːɡ) : phonetic 厤 (OC *reːɡ) + semantic 日 (“sun; day”). \ Derivative, meaning "calendar" < "calendrical calculations" (Shu), of 歷 (OC *rêk) "to calculate". See there for more.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : lik⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Middle-Chinese : lek
|calendar
|
|
|calendar • era
|曆 (eumhun 책력 력 (chaengnyeok ryeok), word-initial (South Korea) 책력 역 (chaengnyeok yeok))
|hanja form of 력/역 (“calendar”)
|canonical : 曆: Hán Việt readings: lịch 曆: Nôm readings: rếch • canonical : rích • canonical : rịch
|
|
|曆
|-
|曉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hŋeːwʔ) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiáu • Middle-Chinese : xewX
|dawn; daybreak • to know; to understand; to get • (Hakka, including Huiyang Hakka, Huicheng dialect) will; would • a surname
| ‖
|Kyūjitai form of 暁 ‖
|曉 (eumhun 새벽 효 (saebyeok hyo))
|hanja form of 효 (“dawn”)
|Hán-Nôm : hẻo • Hán-Nôm : hểu • Hán-Nôm : hiểu
|
|
|曉
|惴 (eum 췌 (chwe))
|-
|曖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯːds, *qaːds) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 愛 (OC *qɯːds).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ài • Middle-Chinese : 'ajH • Middle-Chinese : 'ojH
|(literary, of daylight) dim; hazy • ^† obscure; hidden
|
|
|dark, not clear
|Hán-Nôm : nhoai
|曖 (eumhun 희미할 애 (huimihal ae))
|hanja form of 애 (“dim”)
|Hán-Nôm : áy
|
|
|曖
|惴
|-
|-
|曙
|惺
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djas) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 暑 (OC *hjaʔ).
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sìr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sír • Middle-Chinese : dzyoH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing² • Middle-Chinese : seng • Middle-Chinese : sjengX
|daybreak; dawn
|(literary) intelligent; clever; astute • (literary) to come to understand; to come to realize
| ‖ 曙(あけぼの) • (akebono)
|dawn • daybreak ‖ dawn (the time when night fades and the morning faintly brightens)
|曙 (eumhun 새벽 서 (saebyeok seo))
|hanja form of 서 (“dawn”)
|Hán-Nôm : thự
|
|
|曙
|-
|曝
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 暴 (OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pha̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pho̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po̍k • Middle-Chinese : bawH • Middle-Chinese : buwk
|to sun; to air in the sun; to expose or dry in the sun • to expose; to reveal
|
|
|bleach • refine • expose • air
|惺 • (seong, hwang) · 惺 • (seong, hwang) (hangeul 성, 황, revised seong, hwang, McCune–Reischauer sŏng, hwang, Yale seng, hwang)
|曝 • (po, pok) · 曝 • (po, pok) (hangeul 포, 폭, revised po, pok, McCune–Reischauer p'o, p'ok, Yale pho, phok)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bộc
|Hán-Nôm : tênh • Hán-Nôm : tinh
|
|
|曝
|惺
|-
|-
|曼
|惻
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buān • Middle-Chinese : man • Middle-Chinese : mjonH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshik • Middle-Chinese : tsrhik
|long; extended; drawn-out • handsome; beautiful; refined • a surname
|sad; sorrowful; grieved • to be sympathetic; to be empathetic • (literary) sincere; earnest
|
|
|
|
|曼 • (man) · 曼 • (man) (hangeul 만, revised man, McCune–Reischauer man, Yale man)
|惻 (eum 측 (cheuk))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : man • Hán-Nôm : mạn
|Hán-Nôm : trắc
|
|
|曼
|惻
|-
|-
|會
|愀
|Characters in the same phonetic series (會) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a lid on top of a container, with content in. \ Most of the pronunciations are ultimately cognate, derived from a root meaning "to join, to come together ~ to meet, to gather ~ to match, to fit ~ to understand". Perhaps related to 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to match”) ~ 蓋 (OC *kaːbs, *kaːb, *ɡaːb, “lid”). \ However, Min Nan ē instead derives from 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs, “to understand”) (Yang, 2001). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (會) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a lid on top of a container, with content in. \ Most of the pronunciations are ultimately cognate, derived from a root meaning "to join, to come together ~ to meet, to gather ~ to match, to fit ~ to understand". Perhaps related to 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to match”) ~ 蓋 (OC *kaːbs, *kaːb, *ɡaːb, “lid”). \ However, Min Nan ē instead derives from 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs, “to understand”) (Yang, 2001). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (會) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a lid on top of a container, with content in. \ Most of the pronunciations are ultimately cognate, derived from a root meaning "to join, to come together ~ to meet, to gather ~ to match, to fit ~ to understand". Perhaps related to 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to match”) ~ 蓋 (OC *kaːbs, *kaːb, *ɡaːb, “lid”). \ However, Min Nan ē instead derives from 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs, “to understand”) (Yang, 2001). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (會) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a lid on top of a container, with content in. \ Most of the pronunciations are ultimately cognate, derived from a root meaning "to join, to come together ~ to meet, to gather ~ to match, to fit ~ to understand". Perhaps related to 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to match”) ~ 蓋 (OC *kaːbs, *kaːb, *ɡaːb, “lid”). \ However, Min Nan ē instead derives from 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs, “to understand”) (Yang, 2001). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (會) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a lid on top of a container, with content in. \ Most of the pronunciations are ultimately cognate, derived from a root meaning "to join, to come together ~ to meet, to gather ~ to match, to fit ~ to understand". Perhaps related to 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to match”) ~ 蓋 (OC *kaːbs, *kaːb, *ɡaːb, “lid”). \ However, Min Nan ē instead derives from 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs, “to understand”) (Yang, 2001). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (會) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a lid on top of a container, with content in. \ Most of the pronunciations are ultimately cognate, derived from a root meaning "to join, to come together ~ to meet, to gather ~ to match, to fit ~ to understand". Perhaps related to 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to match”) ~ 蓋 (OC *kaːbs, *kaːb, *ɡaːb, “lid”). \ However, Min Nan ē instead derives from 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs, “to understand”) (Yang, 2001).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hēr • Middle-Chinese : hwajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : erē • Middle-Chinese : hwajH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : wui⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˇㄦ • Middle-Chinese : hwajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huē • Middle-Chinese : kwajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄞˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kui² • Cantonese · Jyutping : kui³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Middle-Chinese : kwajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄛˋ
|union; group; association (Classifier: 個／个) • union; group; association (Classifier: 個／个) · (Cantonese) mutual aid association that raises fund • economic or political centre; major city • occasion; opportunity; chance • lid; cover • to match; to conform • to marry • to copulate • to gather; to assemble • to meet; to rendezvous • meeting; gathering (Classifier: 場／场; 次) • meeting; gathering (Classifier: 場／场; 次) · Especially, meetings of deputies of their sovereigns in ancient China to form alliances. • temple fair • to understand; to grasp • rhythm; cadence • (literary) by chance; as it happens • (literary) ought to; should • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to clarify; to clear up • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to express appreciation verbally • (Taoism) epoch, a lunar or grand cycle of 10,800 years ‖ to know how to perform a task; can; to be able to • to be good at; to be skillful in • will; to be likely to; to be sure to • would; to be willing to ‖ moment ‖ to compute; to calculate; to sum; to do accounting • a surname ‖ Only used in 會稽／会稽 (Kuàijī, “Guiji Commandery”). ‖ Only used in 會撮／会撮.
| ‖ 會(かい) • (kai) ^(←くわい (kwai)?) ‖ 會(かい) • (-kai) ^(←くわい (kwai)?)
|Kyūjitai form of 会 ‖ Kyūjitai form of 会 ‖ Kyūjitai form of 会
|會 (eumhun 모일 회 (moil hoe))
|hanja form of 회 (“to gather, assemble”)
|canonical : 會: Hán Việt readings: cối • canonical : hội 會: Nôm readings: cuối • canonical : hội • canonical : hụi
|chữ Hán form of hội (“to meet, meeting, festival”).
|會
|-
|朔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋraːɡ) : phonetic 屰 (OC *ŋraɡ) + semantic 月 (“moon”) \ From 逆 (OC *ŋraɡ) plus s-prefix. Schuessler (2007) interprets it as literally "turn again toward to meet"; while Baxter & Sagart (2014) interprets it as "when the moon changes from waning to waxing", with s- being a circumstantial prefix for place, time, & instrument.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sok • Middle-Chinese : sraewk
|new moon • the first day of the lunar month • (literary) north • early morning • beginning
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁵ • Middle-Chinese : tshjewX • Middle-Chinese : dzjuwX
|to look solemn or sad
|
|
|朔 (eumhun 초하루 삭 (choharu sak))
|hanja form of 삭 (“the first day of the lunar month”)
|Hán-Nôm : sóc • Hán-Nôm : xóc • Hán-Nôm : xộc
|
|
|朔
|愀 (eum 초 (cho))
|-
|朕
|Characters in the same phonetic series (朕) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Simplified from 𦩎 (舟 → 月 and 灷 → 关), corruption of an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 舟 (“boat”) + 丨 (“item”) + 廾 (“two hands”), seen in the oracle bone script and bronze inscriptions, originally meaning “to mend a boat”. It was later borrowed to be used as a first-person pronoun.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zam⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīm • Middle-Chinese : drimX
|(imperial) I; my (similar to the royal we; reserved for use by the emperor since the Qin Dynasty) • (literary) omen; sign • (Cantonese) Alternative form of 𠹻 (zam6, “classifier for smells”)
| ‖ 朕(ちん) • (chin)
|(imperial) I (similar to the royal we) ‖ (imperial) I, me (similar to the royal we)
|朕 (eumhun 나 짐 (na jim))
|(imperial) hanja form of 짐 (“I; me”) (similar to the royal we)
|canonical : 朕: Hán Việt readings: trẫm 朕: Nôm readings: trũm • canonical : chũm
|(imperial) chữ Hán form of trẫm (“I; me”). (similar to the royal we)
|朕
|-
|朦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moːŋ, *moːŋʔ) : semantic 月 (“moon”) + phonetic 蒙 (OC *moːŋ). \ Unlike most other characters with a 月 (yuè)-like component on the left, this character's 月 (yuè) is not a simplification of 肉; 朦朧／朦胧 (ménglóng) was originally used in reference to the moon.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bông • Middle-Chinese : muwng • Middle-Chinese : muwngX
|(of moonlight) hazy; dim • ^† to cover
|
|
|dim, obscure (of moonlight)
|Hán-Nôm : xỉu
|朦 (eumhun 흐릴 몽 (heuril mong))
|hanja form of 몽 (“Used in 몽롱(朦朧) (mongnong)”)
|Hán-Nôm : mông • Hán-Nôm : mồng
|
|
|朦
|愀
|-
|-
|札
|愎
|; “to die prematurely; pestilence; to die from pestilence” \ : Sagart (2008) doubts this etymology, pointing out that this word has been attested in classical texts that are not necessarily connected to Yue or the South. He instead proposes that this word may be a Chinese loan in Yue or the regular word for “to die” in the variety of Chinese spoken in the Yue region.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsat • Middle-Chinese : tsreat
|letter; note • correspondence • to die prematurely • pestilence • to die from pestilence • small wooden strip for writing
| ‖ 札(さつ) • (satsu) ‖ 札(ふだ) or 札(ふみだ) or 札(ふんだ) • (fuda or fumida or funda)
|bill • card ‖ paper money, a bill, a (bank) note ‖ a card, a plate, a tag • playing card
|札 • (chal) · 札 • (chal) (hangeul 찰, revised chal, McCune–Reischauer ch'al, Yale chal)
|letter
|Hán-Nôm : trát • Hán-Nôm : trớt
|
|札
|-
|朵
|Originally a Ideogram (指事) depicting a stalk of a plant 禾 with something drooping. The bottom part of 禾 corrupted into 木, while the extra stroke corrupted into 乃, later simplified into 几. \ “Hanging from a tree” > “flower” > classifier for flowers. \ Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(d/n)waj (“to hang from; to cling to; creeper”), whence Burmese တွယ် (twai, “to cling”). May be related to 垂 (OC *djol, “to hang down”), 橢 (OC *l̥ʰoːlʔ, “oblong; oval”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). \ Also compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₂uur (“ear”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˇㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : twaX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : do²
|(of branches, leaves, flowers, fruits) hanging from a tree • flower or calyx of a plant • Classifier for flowers, clouds, etc. • ear • to move • a surname: Duo ‖ (Southern Min) Classifier for clusters of fruits. ‖ (Cantonese) name; nickname; title (Classifier: 個／个 c)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi̍k • Middle-Chinese : bik
|obstinate; stubborn; headstrong
|
|
|朵 • (ta) · 朵 • (ta) (hangeul 타, revised ta, McCune–Reischauer t'a, Yale tha)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đóa • Hán-Nôm : đoá • Hán-Nôm : tạp • Hán-Nôm : đỏa • Hán-Nôm : đoả
|愎 (eumhun 강퍅할 퍅 (gangpyakhal pyak))
|hanja form of 퍅 (“obstinate; stubborn; headstrong”)
|Hán-Nôm : phục • Hán-Nôm : phức
|
|
|朵
|愎
|-
|-
|杏
|愜
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 木 (“wood”) + 口 (“mouth”) – perhaps referring to the tastiness of its fruit. \ Shuowen considers it to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːŋʔ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + abbreviated phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ), but this is unlikely.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰeːb) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 匧 (OC *kʰeːb).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hīng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǐng • Middle-Chinese : haengX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiap • Middle-Chinese : khep
|apricot (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 棵 c)
| ‖ 杏(きょう) • (kyō) ^(←きやう (kyau)?)
| ‖ apricot
|杏 (eumhun 살구 행 (salgu haeng))
|hanja form of 행 (“apricot”)
|Hán-Nôm : hạnh
|
|
|杏
|-
|杖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daŋʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 丈 (OC *daŋʔ). \ Thought to be the same word as 丈 (OC *daŋʔ) "gentleman, older man, husband", i.e. "someone who walks with, or leans on, a staff"; though unlikely. \ According to Schuessler (2007), this is an areal word. Compare Mizo tiang (“staff, stick, crutch”), Old Khmer toŋ (“shaft, stock, shank”), -toṅa (“stock, stem, stick”), and Khmer ដង (dɑɑng, “pole, shaft, handle, yoke, body, trunk”). Benedict (1976) also compares this to Proto-Tai *de:ŋ ~ *tʰe:ŋ (“stick, bar”), Malay tiang (“pillar, post, pole”), Fijian ndia (“stick, handle”), and to reconstructed Proto-Austro-Tai *(n)ti(j)aŋ. \ A derivative, attested in Zuozhuan as 杖 (zhàng), is the verb 仗 (OC *daŋs) "to lean on", with suffix *-s → *-h → 去聲／去声 (qùshēng).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thňg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiǒng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiāng • Middle-Chinese : drjangX
|walking stick • staff; rod; cane; wand • (historical) flogging with a stick • to flog (a prisoner) • to support; to prop • to hold; to grasp • Alternative form of 仗 (zhàng, “to rely on; to depend on”) • (Eastern Min) Classifier for segments of sugarcane.
| ‖ 杖(つえ) • (tsue) ^(←つゑ (twe)?) ‖ 杖(じょう) • (jō) ^(←ぢやう (dyau)?)
| ‖ staff, stick, walking stick, cane, stave, strove, rod, wand • something one leans on, a support • a cane used for corporal punishment • a particularly shaped stirring stick used to make New Year's porridge • the stem of a pear • (historical) a traditional unit of length · (historical) approximately 3 meters • (historical) a traditional unit of length · (historical) seven 尺 (shaku, traditional Japanese foot) and five 寸 (sun, traditional Japanese inch), or approximately 2.3 meters • (historical) a traditional unit of area • (historical) a traditional unit of area · (historical) one-fifth of a 段 (tan, traditional Japanese paddy size, roughly half of an English acre), or around 237m² ‖ a jo: a fighting staff, a little over 4 尺 (shaku, “a traditional unit of measure, about 30 cm or a foot”) long, shorter than a 棒 (bō, “quarterstaff”) • (historical) under the ancient Ritsuryō system, caning as a form of corporal punishment • (historical) a traditional unit of area: one-fifth of a 段 (tan, traditional Japanese paddy size, roughly half of an English acre), or around 237m²
|杖 • (jang) · 杖 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : trượng • Hán-Nôm : rường
|be satisfied • be comfortable
|愜 (eum 협 (hyeop))
|be satisfied • be comfortable
|Hán-Nôm : khép • Hán-Nôm : khiếp • Hán-Nôm : thiếp
|
|
|杖
|愜
|-
|-
|杜
|愴
| ‖ Possibly be a Kra-Dai substrate word; compare Zhuang duz (“classifier for animals”), which is a prefix found in the vocabulary for many animals like duzgip (“centipede”), duzgyau (“spider”) and duzlingz (“monkey”) (Zhao, 1991; Tu, 2018).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰraŋʔ, *sʰraŋs) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰraŋʔ, *sʰraŋs) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǒo • Middle-Chinese : duX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong³ • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong² • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjangX
|birch-leaved pear (Pyrus betulifolia) • to stop; to prevent; to block • to reject • (obsolete) to pound; to strike • (obsolete, dialectal) astringent • (obsolete, dialectal) root • Asarum forbesii • Pollia japonica • name of an ancient pre-Qin state located in present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi • a surname ‖ (Eastern Min, Southern Min) Prefix found in the names of certain animals.
|(literary) sad; sorrowful • Alternative form of 滄／沧 (cāng, “cold”) ‖ Only used in 愴怳／怆怳 (chuǎnghuǎng).
| ‖ 杜(もり) • (mori) ‖ 杜(やまなし) • (yamanashi) ‖ 杜(と) • (To)
|careless • woods; grove • Chinese family name "Du" ‖ a shrine grove • a forest ‖ wild Japanese pear or mountain pear ‖ Du Fu, Chinese poet
|杜 • (du) · 杜 • (du) (hangeul 두, revised du, McCune–Reischauer tu, Yale twu)
|
|
|canonical : 杜: Hán Việt readings: đỗ • canonical : đổ 杜: Nôm readings: đỗ • canonical : đậu • canonical : đổ • canonical : dỏ • canonical : đũa • canonical : đỏ • canonical : dỗ • canonical : đủ • canonical : giỗ • canonical : rổ • canonical : trỗ
|sad, pathetic
|chữ Hán form of Đỗ (“a surname”).
|愴 (eum 창 (chang))
|杜
|-
|杭
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs). \ Originally a variant of 抗 (OC *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ, “to fight against”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs). \ Originally a variant of 抗 (OC *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ, “to fight against”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs). \ Originally a variant of 抗 (OC *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ, “to fight against”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs). \ Originally a variant of 抗 (OC *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ, “to fight against”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : hang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤˋ ‖
|Alternative form of 航 (háng, “boat; ship”) • Alternative form of 航 (háng, “to cross a stream; to ferry”) • Alternative form of 航 (háng, “to sail; to navigate”) • (dialectal) suddenly; all of a sudden • Short for 杭州 (Hángzhōu, “Hangzhou”). • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 康 (kāng, “broad road”) ‖ Alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “to resist; to fight”) • Alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “to raise; to lift up”) • Alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “high”) ‖ (Northern Wu) Alternative form of 行 (“to endure; to bear; to shoulder”)
|
|
|stake, picket • stump
|Hán-Nôm : sảng • Hán-Nôm : thương
|杭 • (hang) · 杭 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang, Yale hang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cáng • Hán-Nôm : hàng • Hán-Nôm : khiêng
|愴
|
|杭
|-
|-
|杰
|愾
|For pronunciation and definitions of 杰 – see 傑 (“outstanding; remarkable; hero; etc.”). \ (This character is the simplified and variant form of 傑). \  Notes: \ Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. \ Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. ‖ Probably a Kra-Dai substrate. Compare Zhuang gwd (“viscous”), Bouyei geg (“viscous”), Lingao kɔt⁸ (“viscous”). Cognate with Fuzhou Eastern Min 𬇴 (gṳ̆k, “viscous”) and Teochew 𫀸 (geg8, “viscous”).
| ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : git⁶ ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : koi³ • Middle-Chinese : khojH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei³ • Middle-Chinese : xj+jH
|Used in personal names. ‖ (Cantonese) thick; viscous • (Cantonese) serious
|(literary) to hate; to resent; to be angry ‖ ^† to sigh
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|杰 • (geol) · 杰 • (geol) (hangeul 걸, revised geol, McCune–Reischauer kŏl, Yale kel)
|愾 • (gae, hui) · 愾 • (gae, hui) (hangeul 개, 희, revised gae, hui, McCune–Reischauer kae, hŭi, Yale kay, huy)
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|Hán-Nôm : kiệt
|Hán-Nôm : khái
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|杰
|愾
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|枉
|慇
|Related to 紆 (OC) ~ 迂 (OC *qʷa), 匡 (OC *kʰʷaŋ), 腕 (OC *qoːns), 冤 (OC *qon) (Schuessler, 2007). See 迂 (yū) for further etymology.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯn) : phonetic 殷 (OC *qrɯːn, *qɯn) + semantic 心 (“heart”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : óng • Middle-Chinese : 'jwangX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'j+n
|bent; crooked • depraved; indecent; perverse • to distort; to twist; to bend • unjust; wrong • injustice • (literary) to condescend; to deign • in vain; to no avail; for naught • (Hong Kong Cantonese, triad slang) three
|careful, anxious, attentive • Alternative form of 殷 (“courteous; intimate”)
| ‖ 慇(いん) • (in)
| ‖ Only used in 慇懃 (ingin, “courteous; intimate”)
|慇 (eum 은 (eun))
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|Hán-Nôm : ân
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|枉 • (wang) · 枉 • (wang) (hangeul 왕, revised wang, McCune–Reischauer wang, Yale wang)
|慇
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|慚
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zaːm) : phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 心 (“heart”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshân • Middle-Chinese : dzam
|ashamed; embarrassed
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|Hán-Nôm : uổng
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|枉
|慚 • (cham) · 慚 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)
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|枚
|Generally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 木 (“tree; wood”) + 攴 (“hand holding a stick”). \ However, Zhengzhang (2003) considers it to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯːl) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 文 (OC *mɯn), where 文 was later corrupted to 攴. \ From Austroasiatic; compare Old Khmer mek (“branch; bough”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ From Lingao mɔʔ⁸ (classifier for objects) (Fu, 2008).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buê • Middle-Chinese : mwoj ‖
|(archaic) stalk of shrub; trunk of tree • (historical) wooden peg (a gag for marching soldiers to prevent talking) • (obsolete) small wooden rod; counting rod • (dated) Classifier for generic countable objects. • (dated) Classifier for generic countable objects. · one by one; each • Classifier for certain small, flat objects, such as coins, stamps, badges, pearls, sporting medals. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • Classifier for rockets, satellites and certain weapons (especially bombs). • (neologism) Classifier for people. • (neologism) Classifier for flat thin objects (especially followed by 入 mimicking Japanese usage to give an exotic flair or exaggerated quality perception of a product) • a surname: Mei ‖ (Hainanese) Classifier for generic countable objects.
| ‖ 枚(ひら) • (hira) ‖ 枚(まい) • (-mai)
| ‖ an object that is thin and flat ‖ counter for flat thin objects or sheets
|枚 (eum 매 (mae))
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|Hán-Nôm : mai
|Hán-Nôm : tàm • Hán-Nôm : tuồm • Hán-Nôm : tam • Hán-Nôm : tom • Hán-Nôm : tùm
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|枚
|慚
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|柏
|慝
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːɡ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːɡ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄞˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baak³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : peh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : peeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piak • Middle-Chinese : paek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paak³
|cypress • Alternative form of 伯 • Alternative form of 迫 • (～國) Bai, Bo (an ancient state in modern Henan) • (～市) Kashiwa City, a city in Japan • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 檗, used in 黃柏／黄柏 (huángbò).
| ‖ 柏(かしわ) or 柏(カシワ) • (kashiwa) ‖ 柏(かしわ) • (Kashiwa)
|oak • (rare) Japanese nutmeg yew, kaya, Torreya nucifera ‖ oak ‖ Kashiwa (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan) • a female given name
|柏 • (baek) · 柏 • (baek) (hangeul 백)
|Used in the names of certain trees
|Hán-Nôm : bách • Hán-Nôm : bá
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|柏
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nik¹ • Middle-Chinese : thok
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|vice, evil, malevolence • Alternative form of 忒
|柑
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːm) : semantic 木 (“wood; tree”) + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm). \ Either the same etymon as 甘 (OC *kaːm, “sweet”) (Wang, 1982), or, in light of the citrus fruit's southern origin, possibly connected with Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Austroasiatic *ŋaːm (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kann • Middle-Chinese : kam
|mandarin orange • tangerine • (dialectal Hakka, Mingxi Min, Waxiang) pomelo
| ‖ 柑(かん) • (kan)
| ‖ citrus fruit
|柑 • (gam, geom) · 柑 • (gam, geom) (hangeul 감, 검, revised gam, geom, McCune–Reischauer kam, kŏm, Yale kam, kem)
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|Hán-Nôm : cam • Hán-Nôm : cùm
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|柑
|慝 (eum 특 (teuk))
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|查
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsêe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsee • Middle-Chinese : dzrae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsee ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caai⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dzrea
|(alt. form 槎) Original form of 楂 (chá, “wooden raft”). • to investigate; to examine; to look into; to probe • to look up something in; to search in; to consult ‖ Alternative form of 楂 (zhā, “hawthorn”) • a surname • (dialectal) I; me ‖ (colloquial) government official
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|investigate, inspect
|Hán-Nôm : nấc • Hán-Nôm : nức • Hán-Nôm : thắc
|查 (eumhun 사실할 사 (sasilhal sa))
|Alternative form of 査
|Hán-Nôm : tra • Hán-Nôm : già
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|查
|慝
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|柬
|慟
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 束 (“tie”) + 八 (“individually”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kán • Middle-Chinese : keanX
|Alternative form of 揀／拣 (jiǎn, “to pick; to select”) • letter; note; invitation • Short for 柬埔寨 (Jiǎnpǔzhài, “Cambodia”). • Alternative form of 簡／简 (jiǎn)
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|select, pick out
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dung⁶ • Middle-Chinese : duwngH
|柬 • (gan) · 柬 • (gan) (hangeul 간)
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|Hán-Nôm : giản
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|柬
|lament, grieve
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|慟 (eum 통 (tong))
|柴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zreː) : phonetic 此 (OC *sʰeʔ) + semantic 木. \ Perhaps related to 槎 (OC *zraːl, *zraːlʔ, “to cut trees”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Khmer ឈើ (chəə, “wood”) (ibid.). \ On the other hand, the Min forms (e.g. Jian'ou châu, Fuzhou chà, Xiamen chhâ) are from 樵 (OC *zew). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zreː) : phonetic 此 (OC *sʰeʔ) + semantic 木. \ Perhaps related to 槎 (OC *zraːl, *zraːlʔ, “to cut trees”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Khmer ឈើ (chəə, “wood”) (ibid.). \ On the other hand, the Min forms (e.g. Jian'ou châu, Fuzhou chà, Xiamen chhâ) are from 樵 (OC *zew). ‖ From English chevron (Leung, 2018).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshâi • Middle-Chinese : dzrea ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaai⁶ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : caai⁴
|faggot; bundle of sticks bound together (as fuel) • firewood; brushwood; wood • (obsolete) to burn firewood and worship heaven • (dialectal) bony; skinny • (dialectal, of food) tough; stringy; hard to chew • (dialectal) no good; poor; inferior • (Min) slow and inarticulate; dull • a surname ‖ to fence; to surround and protect with fence (made of wood) • to cover; to place something over • to stop; to block; to obstruct • Alternative form of 寨 (zhài, “defending fence”) • Alternative form of 寨 (zhài, “villa”) ‖ (Hong Kong) chevron (insignia); stripe (Classifier: 條／条 c)
| ‖ 柴(しば) • (shiba) ‖ 柴(しば) • (Shiba)
|brushwood • firewood ‖ brushwood, firewood ‖ a surname
|柴 • (si, chae) · 柴 • (si, chae) (hangeul 시, 채, revised si, chae, McCune–Reischauer si, ch'ae, Yale si, chay)
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|Hán-Nôm : sài • Hán-Nôm : thầy • Hán-Nôm : thài • Hán-Nôm : thày • Hán-Nôm : sầy • Hán-Nôm : xầy
|Hán-Nôm : đỏng
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|柴
|慟
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|柵
|慫
| ‖  ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloŋʔ) : phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs) + semantic 心 (“heart”). \ Probably related to 兇／凶 (xiōng, “fear”) (Schuessler, 2007, p. 480). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloŋʔ) : phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs) + semantic 心 (“heart”). \ Probably related to 兇／凶 (xiōng, “fear”) (Schuessler, 2007, p. 480).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄕ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : san • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsheh • Middle-Chinese : sraenH • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjaek • Middle-Chinese : tsrheak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caak³
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sung² • Middle-Chinese : sjowngX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˊ
|fence; railing; palisade ‖ Only used in 柵極／栅极 and 光柵／光栅 (guāngshān). ‖ Only used in 上柵／上栅 and 下柵／下栅, place names in Zhongshan, Guangdong.
|(obsolete) to be afraid; to be frightened; to be alarmed • Used in 慫恿／怂恿 (sǒngyǒng, “to instigate; to incite; to provoke”). ‖ Alternative form of 㞞／𪨊 (sóng)
| ‖ 柵(さく) • (saku) ‖ 柵(さく) • (Saku) ‖ 柵(しがらみ) • (shigarami) ‖ 柵(しがらみ) • (Shigarami) ‖ 柵(き) • (ki) ‖ 柵(くえ) • (kue) ^(←くへ (kufe)?)
|fence, stockade • fort • weir ‖ a fence • (by extension) a wooden fort • a weir ‖ a surname ‖ a weir • (by extension) an obstacle ‖ a surname ‖ a fortress ‖ (obsolete) a fence • the exit and entrance of a port
|柵 (eumhun 울타리 책 (ultari chaek))
|hanja form of 책 (“fence”)
|Hán-Nôm : sách
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|柵
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|框
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|Cantonese · Jyutping : hong¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwaang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwaak¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˋㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khing • Middle-Chinese : khjwang
|慫 • (jong) · 慫 • (jong) (hangeul 종, revised jong, McCune–Reischauer chong, Yale cong)
|frame • framework • door frame • to restrain; to restrict
| ‖ 框(かまち) • (kamachi)
|frame • (narrowly) door frame ‖ window frame or door frame
|框 • (gwang) · 框 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, Yale kwang)
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|Hán-Nôm : chuồng • Hán-Nôm : khuông
|Hán-Nôm : túng
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|框
|慫
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|桌
|慼
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rteːwɢ) : phonetic 卓 (OC *rteːwɢ, “high”) + semantic 木 (“tree; wood”) – table. The bottom 十 of 卓 has merged with or been replaced by 木. \ From 卓 (OC *rteːwɢ, “high”), as tables are relatively tall (compared to other pieces of furniture like 几). \ Similar descriptive derivations for pieces of furniture include: 登 (“to climb”) > 凳 (“stool”); 倚 (“to lean”) > 椅 (“chair”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : toh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tok • Middle-Chinese : traewk
|table; desk; stand • Classifier for tablefuls of dishes or people: table • (Hokkien) feast; banquet
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|Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsheh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshereh
|(Mainland China Hokkien) to sob; to cry softly • (Taiwanese and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to loathe; to hate; to dislike; to be disgusted with • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to resolve to repent and mend one's ways • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) sorrowful; mournful
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|慼 • (cheok) · 慼 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek)
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|Hán-Nôm : trác • Hán-Nôm : trướp
|Hán-Nôm : thích
|(obsolete) a table
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|桌
|慼
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|桐
|憊
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doːŋ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 同 (OC *doːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâng • Middle-Chinese : duwng
|various trees related to the tung tree (now distinguished as oil-tung 油桐), particularly paulownia • a surname
| ‖ 桐(きり) or 桐(キリ) • (kiri) ‖ 桐(きり) • (Kiri)
|paulownia ‖ the paulownia tree, Paulownia tomentosa • a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with various designs of paulownia flowers and leaves • (card games) the paulownia suit in a hanafuda deck, representing the month of December • (colloquial) a koto (Japanese zither) • (colloquial) money, especially gold coins such as the 大判 (ōban) and the 小判 (koban) ‖ a female given name • a surname
|桐 (eumhun 오동나무 동 (odongnamu dong))
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|Hán-Nôm : đồng
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pāi • Middle-Chinese : beajH
|tired; weary; fatigued
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|桐
|-
|桔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kiːd) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 吉 (OC *klid). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : git³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gat¹ • Middle-Chinese : ket ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³
|Used in 桔梗 (jiégěng). • Used in 桔槔 (jiégāo, “well sweep”); also used as its short form. • to suspend with a well sweep ‖ Alternative form of 橘 (jú) ‖ Only used in 桔柣.
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|(used in plant names)
|憊 (eum 비 (bi))
|桔 • (gil) · 桔 • (gil) (hangeul 길, revised gil, McCune–Reischauer kil, Yale kil)
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|Hán-Nôm : cát • Hán-Nôm : quất • Hán-Nôm : kết
|Hán-Nôm : bị
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|桔
|憊
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|桶
|憑
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰoːŋʔ, *l'oːŋʔ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 甬 (OC *loŋʔ). \ Compare Khmer ថាំង (thang), Thai ถัง (tǎng).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯŋ) : phonetic 馮 (OC *brɯŋ, *bɯŋ) + semantic 心. ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tháng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thóng • Middle-Chinese : thuwngX • Middle-Chinese : duwngX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîng • Middle-Chinese : bing ‖  ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : peng¹
|pail; bucket; tub • cask; keg • barrel (unit) • (Philippine Hokkien) million
|to lean on; to lean against • to depend on; to rely on • (colloquial) no matter • on the basis of; according to; by • proof; evidence • (literary) to request • Alternative form of 馮／冯 (“to wade across a river”) ‖ (Cantonese, Hakka) to lean against ‖ back (of a chair); backrest
| ‖ 桶(おけ) • (oke) ^(←をけ (woke)?) ‖ 桶(こが) • (koga)
|a tub, a bucket ‖ a tube-shaped container for holding split flax or hemp, usually made of thin cypress wood bent to shape • by extension, a pail, bucket, tub, or basin similar to a barrel in construction, made of long thin pieces of cedar or cypress extending up from a base and held in place with hoops; may be small enough to carry in one hand, or large enough to bathe in • (Noh theater) a stool on stage, on which an actor sits ‖ (archaic, possibly obsolete) an oke (tub, bucket, basin) or taru (樽, “barrel”)
|桶 • (tong, yong) · 桶 • (tong, yong) (hangeul 통, 용, revised tong, yong, McCune–Reischauer t'ong, yong, Yale thong, yong)
|(통 통, tong-): barrel, bucket, can, cask, pail, tub, vat, compare ton, Dut. ton ("vat")
|Hán-Nôm : thùng
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|
|桶
|to lean on • to depend on • (of a spirit) to possess
|憑 (eumhun 기댈 빙 (gidael bing))
|hanja form of 빙 (“lean”)
|Hán-Nôm : bằng
|equal, even
|憑
|-
|-
|梆
|憚
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːns) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dar ~ d(u/i)r (“to shiver, to tremble”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuānn • Middle-Chinese : danH
|(literary) to fear
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pang • Middle-Chinese : paewng
|watchman's rattle • (onomatopoeia) rat-tat; rat-a-tat
|
|
|憚 • (tan) · 憚 • (tan) (hangeul 탄)
|
|
|梆 (eum 방 (bang))
|Hán-Nôm : dạn • Hán-Nôm : đạn • Hán-Nôm : đặn
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bương • Hán-Nôm : bang
|憚
|
|梆
|-
|-
|條
|懍
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːw) : phonetic 攸 (OC *lɯw) + semantic 木. \ Related to 悠 (OC *lɯw, “remote; distant”), 修 (OC *slɯw, “long and thin”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *b·rɯmʔ) : phonetic 稟 (OC *prɯmʔ) + semantic 忄 (“heart, emotions”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Middle-Chinese : dew
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lam⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lún • Middle-Chinese : limX
|strip; slip • twig; branch • long and thin objects • (of law or treaty) item; article; section; clause; condition • informal note • order • Classifier for long and thin objects or animals. • Classifier for something that can be listed item by item, such as reasons, (pieces of) news, messages, advices, etc. • Classifier for lives or minds. • (dialectal Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min) Classifier for songs. • (Cantonese) Classifier for villages. • (Cantonese, often derogatory) Classifier for people. • (Cantonese) Classifier for consecutive digits.
|
|
|
|
|條 (eum 조 (jo))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : điều
|
|
|條
|-
|梢
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sreːw) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siau • Middle-Chinese : sraew
|pointed tip of something long like a branch • rudder
| ‖ 梢(こずえ) • (kozue) ^(←こずゑ (kozwe)?) ‖ 梢(こずえ) • (Kozue) ^(←こずゑ (kozwe)?) ‖ 梢(しょう) • (Shō) ^(←せう (seu)?)
|treetop ‖ a treetop ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ a female given name
|梢 • (cho) · 梢 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : sao
|Hán-Nôm : lầm • Hán-Nôm : lẫm
|
|
|梢
|懍
|-
|-
|梧
|懣
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gôo • Middle-Chinese : ngu
|Chinese parasol tree (Firmiana platanifolia), also known as Sterculia platanifolia
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mwonX • Middle-Chinese : manX • Middle-Chinese : mwonH
|
|
|梧 • (o) · 梧 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ngô
|worry • agony • anger
|懣 (eum 문 (mun))
|be sick at heart • sorrowful, sad
|Hán-Nôm : muộn
|
|
|梧
|懣
|-
|-
|梭
|懵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloːl) : semantic 木 + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloːl) : semantic 木 + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯːŋs, *mɯːŋʔ) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 瞢 (OC *mɯːŋ, *mɯŋ, *mɯŋs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : so • Hokkien · Tai-lo : soo • Middle-Chinese : swa ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˋ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : báng • Middle-Chinese : muwngX
|weaver's shuttle • go to and fro • Classifier for shuttles of threads. ‖ Populus euphratica • lush
|absent-minded; stupid; muddle-headed
| ‖ 梭(ひ) • (hi) ‖ 梭(さ) • (sa)
| ‖ (weaving) shuttle ‖ (weaving) shuttle
|梭 (eum 사 (sa))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thoi
|
|
|梭
|-
|梯
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰiːl) : semantic 木 (“wood, tree”) + phonetic 弟 (OC *diːlʔ, *diːls) – a wooden ladder.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : tai¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thui • Hokkien · Tai-lo : the • Middle-Chinese : thej
|ladder; steps; stairs (Classifier: 條／条 c; 堂 c) • ladder-shaped object • to climb • to lean against • (Hong Kong, in compounds) escalator
|
|
|
|
|梯 • (je) · 梯 • (je) (hangeul 제)
|Hán-Nôm : mộng • Hán-Nôm : mẫng • Hán-Nôm : mỗng
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thê
|懵
|-
|懶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːnʔ) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 賴 (OC *raːds).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuā • Middle-Chinese : lanX
|lazy; indolent; slothful • sluggish; drowsy • (often with 得) too lazy to do something; not feeling like doing something
|
|languid • be lazy • be negligent
|懶 (eum 라 (ra), word-initial (South Korea) 나 (na)) · 懶 (eum 란 (ran), word-initial (South Korea) 난 (nan))
|
|Hán-Nôm : lại • Hán-Nôm : lãn • Hán-Nôm : lớn • Hán-Nôm : lười
|
|
|梯
|懶
|-
|-
|梳
|懺
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋra) : semantic 木 + abbreviated phonetic 疏 (OC *sŋra, *sŋras). \ Traditionally thought to be related to 疏 (OC *sŋra, “distant; sparse”), as compared to 篦 (OC *piː, *bis, “fine-tooth comb”) (Shiming; Wang, 1982). \ However, Schuessler (2007) considers this to be folk etymology and instead proposes that this is related to Tibetan གཤོད (gshod, “to comb”), Proto-Kuki-Chin *hriat (“to comb; to brush”). STEDT provisionally reconstructs Proto-Tibeto-Burman *g-s-j(w)at (“to comb; to brush”) and also notes possible connection to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m-si-t (“comb; rake”). ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰraːms) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 韱 (OC *sem). \ Clipping of 懺摩 (MC tsrhaemH ma, “repentance”), from Sanskrit क्षमा (kṣamā, “patience; forbearance; indulgence”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : soo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : se • Middle-Chinese : srjo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshàm • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaemH
|comb; brush (Classifier: 把 c) • to comb; to brush (hair, etc.) • (Cantonese) Classifier for bunches of fruit, especially bananas. ‖ (chiefly Cantonese) Used in transcription.
|to repent • to confess on account of repentance
|
|
|
|
|梳 • (so) · 梳 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
|懺 • (cham) · 懺 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)
|comb, brush
|Hán-Nôm : sơ
|
|
|梳
|canonical : 懺: Hán Việt readings: sám 懺: Nôm readings: sám • canonical : sắm • canonical : rám
|chữ Hán form of sám (“repent”).
|懺
|-
|-
|棉
|懿
|Variant of 綿 by replacing 糸 with 木 (裘錫圭：《文字學概要（修訂本）》, p222). \ Attested late, in Tang dynasty; unless Shijing’s 綿蠻 (OC *men mroːn, “tiny, delicate”) (according to Mao Commentary) is derived from "cotton" (Schuessler, 2007). \ Etymology unclear, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007)? Tibetan བལ། (bal) is cognate to either this or 蟠 (OC *baːn, *ban, “to coil, to curl”) (ibid.).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : min⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mî • Middle-Chinese : mjien
|kapok (tree, fiber) • cotton (tree, fiber) • cotton-like material • a surname: Mian
|
|
|cotton • batting, stuffing
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ì • Middle-Chinese : 'ijH
|棉 (eum 면 (myeon))
|(literary) virtuous; admirable; esteemed
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : miên
|(literary) beautiful; splendid
|懿 • (ui) · 懿 • (ui) (hangeul 의, revised ui, McCune–Reischauer ŭi, Yale uy)
|
|
|棉
|canonical : 懿: Hán Việt readings: ý
|chữ Hán form of ý (“good, fine, virtuous”).
|懿
|-
|-
|棍
|戍
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuːns, *ɡuːnʔ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 昆 (OC *kuːn).
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 人 (“man”) + 戈 (“spear”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kùn • Middle-Chinese : hwonX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sù • Middle-Chinese : syuH
|stick; cudgel (Classifier: 轆／辘 c) • scoundrel • (Cantonese, euphemistic) penis
|to defend the frontier; (in general) to defend; to garrison • (literary) soldier that defends the border • (literary) barracks housing a garrison; garrison
|
|
|sword
|戍 • (su) · 戍 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|
|
|棍 • (gon, hon) · 棍 • (gon, hon) (hangeul 곤, 혼)
|canonical : 戍: Hán Việt readings: thú 戍: Nôm readings: thú
|chữ Hán form of thú (“border defense, border garrison”).
|戍
|-
|戕
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːl, *ʔsaːŋ, *zaŋ) : phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ) + semantic 戈 (“dagger-axe”) ‖  ‖ More likely, this is a misplaced pronunciation.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiâng • Middle-Chinese : ka • Middle-Chinese : dzjang • Middle-Chinese : tsang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤ • Middle-Chinese : ka • Middle-Chinese : dzjang • Middle-Chinese : tsang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Middle-Chinese : ka • Middle-Chinese : dzjang • Middle-Chinese : tsang
|to kill • to harm • to destroy • (historical) an ancient axe ‖ Only used in 戕牁. ‖ Alternative form of 牁 (kē)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : côn • Hán-Nôm : gon • Hán-Nôm : gòn
|kill • slay • wound • injure • hurt
|戕 (eumhun 죽일 장 (jugil jang))
|kill • slay • wound • injure • hurt
|Hán-Nôm : tường
|
|
|棍
|戕
|-
|-
|棕
|戛
|Originally written as 椶, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 㚇. The phonetic component was later replaced by 宗 (zōng). \ Wang (1982) relates it to 總 (OC *ʔsloːŋʔ, “to collect”), 稯 (OC *ʔsoːŋ, “sheaf; bundle”), 鬃 (OC *ʔsoːŋ, “mane”).
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𦣻 (“head”) + 戈 (“halberd”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Middle-Chinese : tsuwng
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaat³ • Middle-Chinese : keat
|palm tree • palm fiber • brown (color, similar to that of fibers made from a palm's leaf sheath)
|lance • tap or strike lightly
|
|
|
|
|
|
|棕 (eumhun 종려나무 종 (jongnyeonamu jong))
|Hán-Nôm : giát
|hanja form of 종 (“palm tree”)
|Hán-Nôm : sồng • Hán-Nôm : tông
|
|
|棕
|戛
|-
|戟
|Reduced form of 𢧢: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 倝 (“branch, reduction of 榦”) + 戈 (“weapon on pole”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kik • Middle-Chinese : kjaek
|halberd with both a crescent blade and spear tip used in ancient China • to stimulate; to provoke
| ‖ 戟(げき) • (geki)
|type of weapon (halberd or spear) ‖ Ji (halberd used in ancient China)
|戟 (eum 극 (geuk))
|hanja form of 극 (“Ji, halberd used in ancient China”)
|Hán-Nôm : kích
|chữ Hán form of kích (“Ji, halberd used in ancient China”).
|戟
|-
|-
|棘
|戡
| ‖  
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰluːm, *ʔl'umʔ) : phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums) + semantic 戈 (“dagger-axe”) ‖  ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kik • Middle-Chinese : kik ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : kik¹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kham • Middle-Chinese : khom ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˇ • Middle-Chinese : trimX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zam³
|jujube tree • thorny bush; bramble • thorns • thorny • to prick • Synonym of 戟 (jǐ, “halberd”) ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 撠 (kik1, “to be stuck”)
|to subjugate; to subdue; to quell ‖ ^‡ ‖ Alternative form of 揕 (zhèn)
| ‖ 棘(とげ) • (toge) ‖ 棘(いばら) or 棘(イバラ) • (ibara)
| ‖ thorn ‖ a shrub with thorns: a bramble, a briar • thorn • a thorny flower of the genus Rosa: a rose
|棘 • (geuk) · 棘 • (geuk) (hangeul 극, revised geuk, McCune–Reischauer kŭk, Yale kuk)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : gấc • Hán-Nôm : cức
|victory
|戡 • (gam) · 戡 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)
|subjugate • subdue, quell • kill
|Hán-Nôm : kham
|
|
|棘
|戡
|-
|-
|棟
|戢
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toːŋs) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 東 (OC *toːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dung³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dung⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiòng • Middle-Chinese : tuwngH
|main beam supporting a house; ridgepole • (literary) house; building • Classifier for buildings. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • (figurative) important person; pillars of the state • (Sichuanese) mountain ridge; mountain peak • a surname: Dong
| ‖ 棟(とう) or 棟(むね) • (-tō or -mune) ‖ 棟(とう) • (tō) · 棟(むね) • (mune) ‖ 棟(とう) • (-tō)
| ‖ buildings ‖ large building • ridge of a roof ‖ building
|棟 • (dong) · 棟 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune–Reischauer tong, Yale tong)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đống
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cap¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tship • Middle-Chinese : tsrip
|(literary, archaic) to store up (weapons) • (literary, archaic) to draw back; to fold back • (literary, archaic) to stop; to put an end to
|
|
|棟
|to put away • to cease • store up
|戢 (eum 집 (jip))
|to put away • to cease • store up
|Hán-Nôm : tập
|
|戢
|-
|-
|棠
|戮
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːŋ) : phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 木 (“tree, wood”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯwɢ) : phonetic 翏 (OC *ɡ·rɯːw, *ɡ·rɯws) + semantic 戈 (“dagger axe”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan, perhaps related to 劉 (OC *m·ru, “slaughter”). Compare also Mru ruk (“shame”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Middle-Chinese : dang
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : luk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ljuwk ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : lak
|crabapple tree • wild plum
|to kill; to massacre • to humiliate; to disgrace • to behead a corpse (as posthumous punishment) • to join forces; to cooperate ‖ (Hokkien) to use a tool to pierce an object
|
|
|kill
|戮 • (ryuk>yuk) · 戮 • (ryuk>yuk) (hangeul 륙>육, revised ryuk>yuk, McCune–Reischauer ryuk>yuk, Yale lyuk>yuk)
|
|
|棠 • (dang) · 棠 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang)
|Hán-Nôm : lục • Hán-Nôm : lóc • Hán-Nôm : dốc • Hán-Nôm : nhốc • Hán-Nôm : nhộc
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đường
|戮
|-
|戶
|Pictogram (象形) : one-half of 門 (“gate”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-k(w)a-j (“mouth; opening; spread; door; face; jaw”). Cognate with Tibetan སྒོ (sgo, “door”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǒo • Middle-Chinese : huX
|^† door • ^⁜ family; household • Classifier for households. • (only in compounds) bank account • a surname
|
|
|棠
|door
|戶 (eumhun 지게문 호 (jigemun ho))
|house • hole
|Hán-Nôm : hộ
|chữ Hán form of hộ (“household; door”).
|戶
|-
|-
|棵
|户
| ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 棵 – see 樖. \ (This character is a variant form of 樖).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fo² • Cantonese · Jyutping : fo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kher ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˇ
|Classifier for plants. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier ‖ a kind of chopping board
|
|
|Classifier for counting plants. • Cut tree. • Piece of wood. • Bunch of firewood.
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : quả • Hán-Nôm : khỏa • Hán-Nôm : khoả
|
|
|棵
|-
|椒
|
|
|Cantonese · Jyutping : ziu¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsio • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiau • Middle-Chinese : tsjew
|(originally) Sichuan pepper • any similar plants and spices, such as pepper and chili • summit • a surname
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tiêu
|户
|any spices or plants, usually peppers
|椒
|-
|-
|椰
|戾
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laː) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 耶 (OC *laː). \ Attested as early as the Jin dynasty (晉朝). Compare earlier form 楈枒 (OC *sŋa/sŋaʔ ŋraː/ŋraːs), 胥邪 (OC *sŋa/sŋaʔ ljaː/laː), 胥餘 (OC *sŋa/sŋaʔ la) (attested since Han dynasty).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâ • Middle-Chinese : yae
|^⁜ coconut palm • (now in compounds or dialectal) coconut (Classifier: 個／个 c)
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|
|palm tree
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lit⁶ • Middle-Chinese : lejH • Middle-Chinese : let
|椰 • (ya) · 椰 • (ya) (hangeul 야, revised ya, McCune–Reischauer ya, Yale ya)
|perverse, recalcitrant, rebellious • 6th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "contrariety" (𝌋)
| ‖
|Kyūjitai spelling of 戻 ‖
|戾 • (ryeo>yeo, ryeol>yeol) · 戾 • (ryeo>yeo, ryeol>yeol) (hangeul 려>여, 렬>열, revised ryeo>yeo, ryeol>yeol, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, ryŏl>yŏl, Yale lye>ye, lyel>yel)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : da • Hán-Nôm : dà • Hán-Nôm : dừa • Hán-Nôm : gia
|Hán-Nôm : lệ
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|
|椰
|戾
|-
|-
|楊
|扈
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋ) : semantic 木 (“tree, wood”) + phonetic 昜 (OC *laŋ) – a kind of tree. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *glaŋ (“poplar, willow”). Cognate with Tibetan ལྕང་མ (lcang ma, “willow”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaːʔ) : phonetic 戸 () + semantic 邑 (“area”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iûnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iônn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiûnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiônn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiōnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâng • Middle-Chinese : yang
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǒo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōo • Middle-Chinese : huX
|poplar; aspen; willow • Used in 楊桃／杨桃 (yángtáo). • Used in 楊梅／杨梅 (yángméi). • a surname, listed sixteenth in the Baijiaxing • Young (English given name)
|(literary) escort; retinue • (literary) to restrain; to prevent
| ‖ 楊(よう) • (yō)
|
| ‖ willow; poplar; aspen
|
|楊 • (yang) · 楊 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang)
|扈 (eum 호 (ho))
|(버들): willow
|
|Hán-Nôm : dương
|Hán-Nôm : hộ
|chữ Hán form of Dương (“a surname”).
|
|楊
|扈
|-
|-
|楚
|抉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋ̊ʰraʔ, *sŋ̊ʰras) : semantic 林 (“forest; grove; woods”) + phonetic 疋 (OC *ŋraːʔ, *sŋra, *sŋraʔ). \ Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic origin; compare Proto-Austroasiatic *ɟrla(ː)ʔ (“thorn”).
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshó • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjoX • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjoH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuat • Middle-Chinese : kwet • Middle-Chinese : 'wet
|(obsolete) Vitex; Chinese chaste tree (Vitex negundo) • (obsolete) thick growth of weeds or trees • (historical) punishment cane • (historical) to beat with a punishment cane • painful; suffering • neat; clear; orderly; arranged • bright; gorgeous • (obsolete) vulgar; unrefined • (～國) (historical) Chu (an ancient Chinese viscounty and kingdom along the Yangtze River during the Zhou dynasty) • modern-day Hubei and Hunan (where the state of Chu was located) • (specifically) Hubei • a surname
|(literary) to gouge; to dig out; to pick out • (literary) to pick out; to select out • (literary) to pierce; to puncture; to butcher • (literary) to reveal; to expose • (Hokkien) to slap; to hit with one's palm • (Hokkien) to plaster; to paint; to daub (on a wall, etc.) • (Mainland China Hokkien) to apply on one's face, hands, etc. (of powder, oil, etc.) • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to sweep across to knock over • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to surpass; to be better than; to overtake
|
|
|whip • cane
|gouge • hollow out • bore • pry
|楚 • (cho) · 楚 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)
|抉 • (gyeol) · 抉 • (gyeol) (hangeul 결, revised gyeol, McCune–Reischauer kyŏl, Yale kyel)
|name of feudal state • clear
|choose, select • gouge, pluck out
|Hán-Nôm : sở • Hán-Nôm : sỡ
|Hán-Nôm : khoét • Hán-Nôm : quyết • Hán-Nôm : quét • Hán-Nôm : quẹt • Hán-Nôm : quạt
|
|
|楚
|抉
|-
|-
|榆
|抨
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lo) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰreːŋ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 平 (OC *ben, *beŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰreːŋ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 平 (OC *ben, *beŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû • Middle-Chinese : yu
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîng • Middle-Chinese : pheang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥ
|elm tree
|to shoot with a catapult • to pat; to beat • to censure; to attack; to impeach • (Hakka) to slap with the palm of the hand ‖ to make (someone do something); to let
|
|
|elm tree
|censure, impeach
|榆 • (yu) · 榆 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
|抨 (eum 평 (pyeong))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : du
|Hán-Nôm : banh
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|
|榆
|抨
|-
|-
|榔
|抿
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : long⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nn̂g • Middle-Chinese : lang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄤˇ • Middle-Chinese : langX
|Used in compounds. ‖
|
|
|betel palm
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bín
|榔 • (rang>nang) · 榔 • (rang>nang) (hangeul 랑>낭, revised rang>nang, McCune–Reischauer rang>nang, Yale lang>nang)
|to smooth; to brush • to purse; to pucker • to sip • (Hokkien) brush (tool) • (Hokkien) to brush
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lang • Hán-Nôm : trang
|betel nut tree
|榔
|-
|榕
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loŋ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 容 (OC *loŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siông
|banyan tree • Short for 榕城 (Róngchéng, “Fuzhou”).
|
|
|
|
|榕 (eum 용 (yong))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : dung
|Hán-Nôm : mân
|
|
|榕
|抿
|-
|-
|榜
|担
| ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : póng • Middle-Chinese : pangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong³ • Middle-Chinese : paengH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pang⁴ • Middle-Chinese : baeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˇ
|
|placard; inscribed board • notice; announcement • list of successful candidates ‖ boat oar; boat • to row • to beat up a person • Alternative form of 傍 ‖ Only used in 榜檠. • to beat up a person (type of punishment in ancient times) ‖ ^‡ type of wood • Alternative form of 旁 ‖ (dialectal) to loosen soil
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|
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|榜 • (bang, byeong) · 榜 • (bang, byeong) (hangeul 방, 병, revised bang, byeong, McCune–Reischauer pang, pyŏng, Yale pang, pyeng)
|to carry, to bear, to shoulder • raise
|担 • (dan) · 担 • (dan) (hangeul 단, revised dan, McCune–Reischauer tan, Yale tan)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bàng • Hán-Nôm : báng • Hán-Nôm : bảng • Hán-Nôm : bửng • Hán-Nôm : vảng • Hán-Nôm : bứng • Hán-Nôm : phẳng
|Hán-Nôm : đam • Hán-Nôm : đảm • Hán-Nôm : đẵn • Hán-Nôm : đắn • Hán-Nôm : đẵm • Hán-Nôm : tạ
|
|
|榜
|担
|-
|-
|榨
|拈
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraːɡs) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 窄 (OC *ʔsraːɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsèe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsà • Middle-Chinese : tsraeH
|to press or extract juices; to squeeze • press to extract juices • (figurative) to exploit; to force; to oppress; to repress • a surname: Zha
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nim¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nim⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ni • Middle-Chinese : nem
|pick up with fingers or draw lots
|
|
|榨 • (ja) · 榨 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)
|to twist
|拈 • (nyeom>yeom) · 拈 • (nyeom>yeom) (hangeul 념>염, revised nyeom>yeom, McCune–Reischauer nyŏm>yŏm, Yale nyem>yem)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : trá
|Hán-Nôm : chêm • Hán-Nôm : niêm • Hán-Nôm : chiêm • Hán-Nôm : chớm • Hán-Nôm : niếm • Hán-Nôm : nắm
|
|
|榨
|拈
|-
|-
|榮
|拋
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷreŋ) : abbreviated phonetic 熒 (OC *ɡʷeːŋ) + semantic 木 \ Same word as 熒 (OC *ɡʷeːŋ) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for etymology.
|Described as an Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 手 (“hand”) + 尤 + 力 (“power”) and/or \ a Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰreːw, *pʰreːws) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 𡯄 ().
|Cantonese · Jyutping : wing⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng • Middle-Chinese : hjwaeng
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pha • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phua • Middle-Chinese : phaew
|glory; honour • to flourish; to prosper • (～縣) Rong County (a county of Zigong, Sichuan, China) • a surname
|to throw away; to discard; to cast; to toss • to give up; to abandon; to reject • to sell in large quantities or at low prices • (literary, or in compounds) to reveal; to expose; to uncover
| ‖
|
|Kyūjitai form of 栄 ‖
|榮 (eumhun 꽃 영 (kkot yeong))
|hanja form of 영 (“glory, honour”) • hanja form of 영 (“flourish, prosper”)
|Hán-Nôm : vinh • Hán-Nôm : vang • Hán-Nôm : vành • Hán-Nôm : vểnh • Hán-Nôm : vênh • Hán-Nôm : vanh • Hán-Nôm : văng
|glory, honour • Vinh, the capital of Nghệ An Province
|榮
|-
|榴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·ru) : semantic 木 + phonetic 留 (OC *m·ru, *m·rus). \ The botanist Li Shizhen suggests that 榴 is the same as 瘤 (OC *m·ru, *m·rus, “lump, tumour”), as the pomegranate fruit resembles cancerous outgrowths on the body.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liû • Middle-Chinese : ljuw
|Short for 石榴 (shíliú, “pomegranate”). • a surname
|
|
|pomegranate
|拋 • (po) · 拋 • (po) (hangeul 포)
|榴 • (ryu>yu) · 榴 • (ryu>yu) (hangeul 류>유, revised ryu>yu, McCune–Reischauer ryu>yu, Yale lyu>yu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lựu
|Hán-Nôm : phao
|
|
|榴
|拋
|-
|-
|槐
|拎
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːŋ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : leng
|to lift; to carry in one's hand • (Cantonese) to take; to hold
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâi • Middle-Chinese : hweaj • Middle-Chinese : hwoj
|Chinese scholar tree (Styphnolobium japonicum); Japanese pagoda tree; locust tree • (alt. form 褱) Dipsacus asper • (Chinese mythology) Huai of Xia (eighth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty) • a surname
| ‖ 槐(えんじゅ) or 槐(エンジュ) • (enju)
| ‖ pagoda tree (Styphnolobium japonicum)
|槐 (eum 괴 (goe))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hòe • Hán-Nôm : hoè • Hán-Nôm : hoe
|
|槐
|-
|樂
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 糸 (“string”) + 木 (“wood”) – strings on a piece of wood, i.e. a wooden musical instrument. \ The oracle bone form shows two strings connected to the wood. In the bronze inscriptions, a 白 (OC *braːɡ) component was added in between the two strings, which may either represent the thumb (fiddling) or a phonetic part. \ ; “music; joyful” \ : Also comparable is Middle Khmer leṅa (“to play”) and bhleṅa (“(playing) music”), whence Thai เล่น (lên, “to play”) and เพลง (pleeng, “music”). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 糸 (“string”) + 木 (“wood”) – strings on a piece of wood, i.e. a wooden musical instrument. \ The oracle bone form shows two strings connected to the wood. In the bronze inscriptions, a 白 (OC *braːɡ) component was added in between the two strings, which may either represent the thumb (fiddling) or a phonetic part. \ ; “music; joyful” \ : Also comparable is Middle Khmer leṅa (“to play”) and bhleṅa (“(playing) music”), whence Thai เล่น (lên, “to play”) and เพลง (pleeng, “music”). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 糸 (“string”) + 木 (“wood”) – strings on a piece of wood, i.e. a wooden musical instrument. \ The oracle bone form shows two strings connected to the wood. In the bronze inscriptions, a 白 (OC *braːɡ) component was added in between the two strings, which may either represent the thumb (fiddling) or a phonetic part. \ ; “music; joyful” \ : Also comparable is Middle Khmer leṅa (“to play”) and bhleṅa (“(playing) music”), whence Thai เล่น (lên, “to play”) and เพลง (pleeng, “music”). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 糸 (“string”) + 木 (“wood”) – strings on a piece of wood, i.e. a wooden musical instrument. \ The oracle bone form shows two strings connected to the wood. In the bronze inscriptions, a 白 (OC *braːɡ) component was added in between the two strings, which may either represent the thumb (fiddling) or a phonetic part. \ ; “music; joyful” \ : Also comparable is Middle Khmer leṅa (“to play”) and bhleṅa (“(playing) music”), whence Thai เล่น (lên, “to play”) and เพลง (pleeng, “music”). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 糸 (“string”) + 木 (“wood”) – strings on a piece of wood, i.e. a wooden musical instrument. \ The oracle bone form shows two strings connected to the wood. In the bronze inscriptions, a 白 (OC *braːɡ) component was added in between the two strings, which may either represent the thumb (fiddling) or a phonetic part. \ ; “music; joyful” \ : Also comparable is Middle Khmer leṅa (“to play”) and bhleṅa (“(playing) music”), whence Thai เล่น (lên, “to play”) and เพลง (pleeng, “music”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ga̍k • Middle-Chinese : ngaewk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍k • Middle-Chinese : lak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngāu • Middle-Chinese : ngaewH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok⁶
|music; tune; melody; song • (obsolete) to play music; to sing • (obsolete) musician • (obsolete) musical instrument • Short for 樂經／乐经 (Yuèjīng, “Classic of Music”). • a surname ‖ joyful; happy; glad • happiness; joy; pleasure • (obsolete) lasciviousness; lechery; decadence • to laugh; to smile • to enjoy; to love • (Cantonese) Short for 可樂／可乐 (kělè, “cola”). • 24th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "joy" (𝌝) • a surname ‖ (obsolete) to be fond of; to enjoy; to appreciate ‖ Used in place names. ‖ Used in compounds.
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 楽
|樂 (eumhun 노래 악 (norae ak)) ‖ 樂 (eumhun 즐길 락 (jeulgil rak), word-initial (South Korea) 즐길 낙 (jeulgil nak)) ‖ 樂 (eumhun 좋아할 요 (joahal yo))
|hanja form of 악 (“music; tune; melody; song”) ‖ hanja form of 락/낙 (“to enjoy; happiness; pleasure”) ‖ (literary) hanja form of 요 (“to be fond of; to like”)
|Hán-Nôm : lạc • Hán-Nôm : nhạc
|
|
|樂
|Hán-Nôm : lanh • Hán-Nôm : linh • Hán-Nôm : nhạnh
|-
|樓
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·roː) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 婁 (OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liô • Middle-Chinese : luw
|building (of two or more stories) (Classifier: 棟／栋 m c; 幢 m; 躉／趸 c; 間／间 c) • floor; level (Classifier: 層／层) • (Hong Kong) flat; apartment (Classifier: 層／层 c) • superstructure • Used in the name of some businesses • (Internet slang) comment; post • a surname
|
|
|tower • turret
|拎
|樓 (eumhun 다락 루 (darak ru), word-initial (South Korea) 다락 누 (darak nu))
|hanja form of 루/누 (“building of two or more stories”)
|Hán-Nôm : lâu • Hán-Nôm : lầu
|(literary) a multi-story building • floor (of a multi-level building)
|樓
|-
|-
|樟
|拚
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kjaŋ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 章 (OC *kjaŋ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːn, *brons, *pʰaːn, *puns) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 弁 (OC *brons). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiang • Middle-Chinese : tsyang
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piànn • Middle-Chinese : pjunH • Middle-Chinese : bjenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : pjunH
|camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora)
|Original form of 拼 (pīn). ‖ to clap
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|risk • disregard • go all out for
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|樟 (eumhun 녹나무 장 (nongnamu jang))
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|Hán-Nôm : chương
|Hán-Nôm : biện • Hán-Nôm : phấn
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|樟
|拚
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|樣
|拮
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋs) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 羕 (OC *laŋs). \ ; “appearance; etc.” \ ; “(ACG slang) -sama”
|Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iūnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iōnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iǔnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iāng • Middle-Chinese : yangH
|appearance; form; shape • look; expression; air • type; kind; sort; variety; class; category • sample; specimen; example • (printing) proof • manner; style; way; fashion • Classifier for kinds or types of things. • (rare) An honorific. • (ACG, Internet, slang) -sama
| ‖
|Kyūjitai form of 様: certain form or way; condition, state; design, pattern; indicates humbleness or politeness ‖
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| ‖
|Hán-Nôm : dạng • Hán-Nôm : dáng • Hán-Nôm : nhàng
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|樣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gat¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : git³ • Middle-Chinese : kjit • Middle-Chinese : ket
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|Used in 拮据 (jiéjū).
|橄
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːmʔ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 敢 (OC *klaːmʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaam³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gam² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kán • Middle-Chinese : kamX
|Only used in 橄欖／橄榄.
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|橄 • (gam) · 橄 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)
|拮 • (gil, gyeol) · 拮 • (gil, gyeol) (hangeul 길, 결, revised gil, gyeol, McCune–Reischauer kil, kyŏl, Yale kil, kyel)
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|Hán-Nôm : cạm • Hán-Nôm : cảm
|Hán-Nôm : cất • Hán-Nôm : cắt • Hán-Nôm : gặt • Hán-Nôm : gật • Hán-Nôm : kiết • Hán-Nôm : két • Hán-Nôm : kít
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|橄
|拮
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|橘
|挈
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷid) : semantic 木 + phonetic 矞 (OC *ɢʷid). \ Unknown. Schuessler (2007) connected 橘 (OC kwit) to Khmer ឃ្វិច (khvɨc, “tangerine”) and also deemed as "less likely" connections to ក្រូច (krouc, “citrus”) and Proto-Hre-Sedang *kruč (Bodman, 1980). However, Alves (2018) considered this Old Chinese word's Austroasiatic origin likely, and compared it to Proto-Mon-Khmer *kruuc ~ kruəc.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰeːd) : phonetic 㓞 () + semantic 手 (“hand”). ‖ Probably a variant of 提 (the̍h, “to take”). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kit • Middle-Chinese : kjwit
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiat • Middle-Chinese : khet ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe̍h ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ
|mandarin orange, Citrus reticulata, tangerine, orange
|to raise; to lift • to take along; to carry; to lead (one's family) ‖ (Taiwanese Hokkien, Teochew) to take; to retrieve; to fetch; to get; to bring; to carry ‖ (Eastern Min) to use, by means of, with ‖ unique
| ‖ 橘(たちばな) or 橘(タチバナ) • (tachibana) ‖ 橘(たちばな) • (Tachibana) ‖ 橘(きつ) • (kitsu) ‖ 橘(きつ) • (Kitsu)
| ‖ Citrus tachibana, a species of wild, green, inedible citrus fruit native to Japan • Synonym of 唐橘 (kara-tachibana): the trifoliate orange, Citrus trifoliata, syn. Poncirus trifoliata • Synonym of 花橘 (hanatachibana): tachibana flowers; Ardesia crenata; Ardesia japonica; a kind of 襲の色目 (kasane no irome, “color combination by layering of garments”) • (archaic) generic name for citrus fruits that can be eaten raw • a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with designs of tachibana flowers, fruits, and leaves ‖ short for 橘氏 (Tachibana-uji): an ancient clan who often held high-ranking positions in the medieval Japanese court, descended from Agata no Inukai no Michiyo and later Tachibana no Moroe • (historical) a Sakura-class destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy (see Japanese destroyer Tachibana (1912) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia) • (historical) a destroyer subclass of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II, modified from the Matsu-class destroyers • (historical) the lead ship of the Tachibana-subclass destroyers (see Japanese destroyer Tachibana (1944) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia) • a placename, especially in Takaichi District, Nara Prefecture where the titular 菩提寺 (bodaiji) is located • a surname ‖ Citrus tachibana • the Tachibana clan ‖ a female given name • a surname
|橘 (eumhun 귤나무 귤 (gyullamu gyul))
|hanja form of 귤 (“tangerine”)
|Hán-Nôm : quất • Hán-Nôm : quít • Hán-Nôm : quầng • Hán-Nôm : quắt
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|橘
|carry in hand
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|挈 • (seol, gye) · 挈 • (seol, gye) (hangeul 설, 계, revised seol, gye, McCune–Reischauer sŏl, kye, Yale sel, kyey)
|橙
|assist, help • lead by hand
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tɯːŋs, *rdɯːŋ) : semantic 木 (“tree; wood”) + phonetic 登 (OC *tɯːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siâm • Middle-Chinese : dreang
|orange (the tree) • orange (the fruit) (Classifier: 隻／只 c; 楷 c) • orange (the color)
| ‖ 橙(だいだい) or 橙(ダイダイ) • (daidai)
|bitter orange ‖ the bitter orange (Citrus × aurantium) • (by extension) Short for 橙色 (daidai-iro): the color orange
|橙 • (deung, jeung) · 橙 • (deung, jeung) (hangeul 등, 증)
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|Hán-Nôm : chanh • Hán-Nôm : tranh
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|橙
|挈
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|橡
|挟
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siǒng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siāng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiǔnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiūnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiōnn • Middle-Chinese : zjangX
|Acorn (the fruit of the oak tree). • A tree in the genus Quercus.
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|橡 • (sang) · 橡 • (sang) (hangeul 상, revised sang, McCune–Reischauer sang, Yale sang)
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|Hán-Nôm : tượng
|pinch • between
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|橡
|-
|橫
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). \ ; “crosswise > door rail; side; cross-grained; unrestrained” \ * Related to 衡 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “crossbar”), 桁 (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ, “purlin”), 珩 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “top horizontal gem of a girdle-pendant”) and 璜 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “jade pendant”) (Wang, 1982), and possibly 樑 (OC *raŋ, “roof beam”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ * Schuessler (2007) connects these with Khmer ខ្វែង (khvaeng, “to cross; to intersect; to crisscross; diagonal; etc.”) < Old Khmer khveṅ (“to go far around; to encircle; to enclose”). Compare Thai ขวาง (kwǎang, “to lie across; to bar; to obstruct; to thwart”) and the Khmer derivatives កំពែង (kɑmpɛɛng, “enclosing wall; rampart”), កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “crossing-place; ford; port; shore”) (cf. Malay kampung). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). \ ; “crosswise > door rail; side; cross-grained; unrestrained” \ * Related to 衡 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “crossbar”), 桁 (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ, “purlin”), 珩 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “top horizontal gem of a girdle-pendant”) and 璜 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “jade pendant”) (Wang, 1982), and possibly 樑 (OC *raŋ, “roof beam”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ * Schuessler (2007) connects these with Khmer ខ្វែង (khvaeng, “to cross; to intersect; to crisscross; diagonal; etc.”) < Old Khmer khveṅ (“to go far around; to encircle; to enclose”). Compare Thai ขวาง (kwǎang, “to lie across; to bar; to obstruct; to thwart”) and the Khmer derivatives កំពែង (kɑmpɛɛng, “enclosing wall; rampart”), កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “crossing-place; ford; port; shore”) (cf. Malay kampung). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). \ ; “crosswise > door rail; side; cross-grained; unrestrained” \ * Related to 衡 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “crossbar”), 桁 (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ, “purlin”), 珩 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “top horizontal gem of a girdle-pendant”) and 璜 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “jade pendant”) (Wang, 1982), and possibly 樑 (OC *raŋ, “roof beam”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ * Schuessler (2007) connects these with Khmer ខ្វែង (khvaeng, “to cross; to intersect; to crisscross; diagonal; etc.”) < Old Khmer khveṅ (“to go far around; to encircle; to enclose”). Compare Thai ขวาง (kwǎang, “to lie across; to bar; to obstruct; to thwart”) and the Khmer derivatives កំពែង (kɑmpɛɛng, “enclosing wall; rampart”), កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “crossing-place; ford; port; shore”) (cf. Malay kampung). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). \ ; “crosswise > door rail; side; cross-grained; unrestrained” \ * Related to 衡 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “crossbar”), 桁 (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ, “purlin”), 珩 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “top horizontal gem of a girdle-pendant”) and 璜 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “jade pendant”) (Wang, 1982), and possibly 樑 (OC *raŋ, “roof beam”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ * Schuessler (2007) connects these with Khmer ខ្វែង (khvaeng, “to cross; to intersect; to crisscross; diagonal; etc.”) < Old Khmer khveṅ (“to go far around; to encircle; to enclose”). Compare Thai ขวาง (kwǎang, “to lie across; to bar; to obstruct; to thwart”) and the Khmer derivatives កំពែង (kɑmpɛɛng, “enclosing wall; rampart”), កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “crossing-place; ford; port; shore”) (cf. Malay kampung). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). \ ; “crosswise > door rail; side; cross-grained; unrestrained” \ * Related to 衡 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “crossbar”), 桁 (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ, “purlin”), 珩 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “top horizontal gem of a girdle-pendant”) and 璜 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “jade pendant”) (Wang, 1982), and possibly 樑 (OC *raŋ, “roof beam”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ * Schuessler (2007) connects these with Khmer ខ្វែង (khvaeng, “to cross; to intersect; to crisscross; diagonal; etc.”) < Old Khmer khveṅ (“to go far around; to encircle; to enclose”). Compare Thai ขวาง (kwǎang, “to lie across; to bar; to obstruct; to thwart”) and the Khmer derivatives កំពែង (kɑmpɛɛng, “enclosing wall; rampart”), កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “crossing-place; ford; port; shore”) (cf. Malay kampung). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). \ ; “crosswise > door rail; side; cross-grained; unrestrained” \ * Related to 衡 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “crossbar”), 桁 (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ, “purlin”), 珩 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “top horizontal gem of a girdle-pendant”) and 璜 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “jade pendant”) (Wang, 1982), and possibly 樑 (OC *raŋ, “roof beam”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ * Schuessler (2007) connects these with Khmer ខ្វែង (khvaeng, “to cross; to intersect; to crisscross; diagonal; etc.”) < Old Khmer khveṅ (“to go far around; to encircle; to enclose”). Compare Thai ขวาง (kwǎang, “to lie across; to bar; to obstruct; to thwart”) and the Khmer derivatives កំពែង (kɑmpɛɛng, “enclosing wall; rampart”), កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “crossing-place; ford; port; shore”) (cf. Malay kampung).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : waang⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huênn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hn̂g • Middle-Chinese : hwaeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waang⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waang⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwaengH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwong¹ • Middle-Chinese : kwang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄤˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˋ
|middle rail of a wooden door; crosspiece • to lie crossways; to be situated crosswise; to be horizontal • to move crosswise; to cross; to traverse; to stretch across • to cut crosswise; to intercept transversely • to hold crosswise; to put something horizontally; to wear across • crosswise; horizontal; transverse; across; east-west • (historical) Horizontal Alliance, i.e. states during the Warring States period in Chinese history which ally with Qin to participate in its ascendancy • side; nearby; something situated sideways • to cast a sidelong glance at; to look sideways • to brim with; to be brimming with; to fill; to be found all over • to place over; to cover • broad; vast; wide; extensive • to crisscross; to interlock; to intersect; to be mixed together • not listening to reason; unreasonable; unrestrained; outrageous • (Chinese calligraphy) horizontal stroke (㇐) • (historical) Alternative form of 衡 (héng, “supervisor; picket”) • (historical) Alternative form of 黌／黉 (hóng, “school”) • ancient placename in modern-day Shangqiu city in Henan province of China • (Beijing and Jilu Mandarin) probably; presumably; perhaps; maybe • (Beijing Mandarin, dialectal Wu) anyway; anyhow; in any case • a surname ‖ perverse and violent; unrestrained and aggressive; brutal and unreasonable; cross-grained • unrestrainedly; turbulently; intrusively and violently • in vain; wastefully • sudden (and catastrophic); unexpected; unpredicted • additional; supplementary; extra; extraneous • contingency; mishap; misfortune; accident ‖ Alternative form of 光 (“light”) • (～門) (historical) a gate of Chang'an City ‖ Alternative form of 桄 (“reel thread on a revolving frame”) ‖ Alternative form of 撗 (guàng, “a kind of grass”) ‖ Alternative form of 櫎／𰗓 (“a kind of tool”)
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|Kyūjitai form of 横
|橫 • (hoeng) · 橫 • (hoeng) (hangeul 횡)
|across • horizontal, lateral
|Hán-Nôm : hoành • Hán-Nôm : hoàng
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|橫
|挟
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|-
|檢
|挾
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kramʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gim² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiám • Middle-Chinese : kjemX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hip⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gia̍p • Middle-Chinese : hep ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : nge̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gue̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nge̍eh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngeeh
|^† measure; standard • to restrain (especially oneself); to keep oneself in check • to check; to examine; to inspect • Alternative form of 撿／捡 • ^† book label • a surname
|to clasp under the arm; to hold under the armpit • to coerce; to force obedience • to harbor (resentment, etc.) • to carry ‖ (Hokkien) to have something caught between two things; to sandwich something between two things
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|put between • insert • jam • get caught • sandwich
|挾 • (hyeop) · 挾 • (hyeop) (hangeul 협, revised hyeop, McCune–Reischauer hyŏp, Yale hyep)
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|檢 (eumhun 검사할 검 (geomsahal geom))
|Hán-Nôm : xáp • Hán-Nôm : hiệp • Hán-Nôm : giáp • Hán-Nôm : rơi
|hanja form of 검 (“check; examination; inspection”)
|Hán-Nôm : ghém • Hán-Nôm : kiểm
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|檢
|挾
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|檬
|捩
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moːŋ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 蒙 (OC *moːŋ). ‖  ‖ From Vietnamese bún.
| ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁴ • Middle-Chinese : muwng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁴⁻¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bóng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁴⁻¹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lit⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : le̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍t • Middle-Chinese : lejH • Middle-Chinese : let ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : leh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lerh
|A type of locust-like tree. ‖ Used in 檸檬／柠檬 (níngméng, “lemon”). ‖ bún (Vietnamese rice vermicelli)
|(literary) to turn around • (literary) to reverse; to turn around (an undesirable situation); to remedy ‖ (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to pick up something with one's fingertips, especially with one's thumb and forefinger
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|檬 (eumhun 레몬 (lemon) 몽 (remon ( lemon ) mong))
|捩 • (ryeol>yeol) · 捩 • (ryeol>yeol) (hangeul 렬>열, revised ryeol>yeol, McCune–Reischauer ryŏl>yŏl, Yale lyel>yel)
|hanja form of 몽 (“lemon”)
|Hán-Nôm : muồng • Hán-Nôm : môm • Hán-Nôm : mông • Hán-Nôm : muỗm
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|檬
|-
|權
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡron) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns) – a type of tree named 黃華 (Shuowen); phonetically borrowed for "standard weight". \ From 拳 (OC *ɡron, “fist”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuân • Middle-Chinese : gjwen
|power; authority • right; entitlement • ^† steelyard weight • ^† scales • to weigh; to measure; to judge • expediency; adaptability • tentatively; for the time being • (statistics) weight • a surname
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|Kyūjitai form of 権
|權 (eumhun 권세 권 (gwonse gwon))
|hanja form of 권 (“power; right”)
|Hán-Nôm : quyền • Hán-Nôm : quàn
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|權
|捩
|-
|-
|欣
|捫
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰɯn) : phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) + semantic 欠. \ Probably from the same word family as 喜 (OC *qʰlɯʔ) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯːn) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 門 (OC *mɯːn).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hin • Hokkien · Tai-lo : him • Hokkien · Tai-lo : herm • Middle-Chinese : xj+n
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bûn • Middle-Chinese : mwon
|happy; joyous; delighted • to submit willingly; to submit happily • Used in 欣欣 (xīnxīn, “lush”). • a surname
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|欣 • (heun) · 欣 • (heun) (hangeul 흔, revised heun, McCune–Reischauer hŭn, Yale hun)
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|Hán-Nôm : hân • Hán-Nôm : hơn • Hán-Nôm : hoen • Hán-Nôm : hớn • Hán-Nôm : hăng
|捫 (eum 문 (mun))
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|欣
|Hán-Nôm : môn
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|捫
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|-
|歇
|据
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰad) : phonetic 曷 (OC *ɡaːd) + semantic 欠. \ Related to 愒 (OC *kʰrad) (Sagart, 2007) and 憩 (OC *kʰrads) (Wang, 1982).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hioh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hennh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : heh • Middle-Chinese : xjot
|to rest; to relax • to take a break; to stop; to cease • to decline; to decay; to fade • to dissipate; to diffuse • a short moment • (Teochew) to stop • (dialectal) to sleep • (Northern Wu, dated in Shanghainese) Used to indicate that a verb has been experienced by the speaker. • (Ningbonese) to lack; to be absent
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi¹ • Middle-Chinese : kjo
|Only used in 拮据 (jiéjū, “short of money; diligent”).
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|歇 • (heol) · 歇 • (heol) (hangeul 헐, revised heol, McCune–Reischauer hŏl, Yale hel)
|set • lay a foundation, install, equip • squat down; sit down
|据 • (geo) · 据 • (geo) (hangeul 거, revised geo, McCune–Reischauer kŏ, Yale ke)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : hết • Hán-Nôm : hít • Hán-Nôm : yết • Hán-Nôm : hét • Hán-Nôm : hiết • Hán-Nôm : hớt
|Hán-Nôm : cứ • Hán-Nôm : cư • Hán-Nôm : cớ
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|
|歇
|据
|-
|-
|歉
|捱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms) : phonetic 兼 (OC *keːm, *keːms) + semantic 欠 (“person with mouth open”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : him³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiàm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiam • Middle-Chinese : khemX • Middle-Chinese : kheamX • Middle-Chinese : kheamH
|deficient; lacking; insufficient • to apologize • to regret; to be dissatisfied • crop failure; poor harvest • (obsolete) to not eat enough food
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|
|insufficiency • lack • shortage
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ê
|歉 • (gyeom) · 歉 • (gyeom) (hangeul 겸, revised gyeom, McCune–Reischauer kyŏm, Yale kyem)
|to endure; to suffer; to put up with • to drag out; to delay; to stall • to struggle to pull through; to wait (for a long time)
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|Hán-Nôm : gồm • Hán-Nôm : khiểm • Hán-Nôm : khiễm • Hán-Nôm : khiệm
|put off, procrastinate • endure
|捱 • (ae) · 捱 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ay)
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|
|歉
|Hán-Nôm : nhay
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|捱
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|-
|歡
|捲
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰoːn) : phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns) + semantic 欠.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kronʔ, *krons, *ɡron) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 卷 (OC *ɡron, *kronʔ, *krons, *ɡonʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huan • Middle-Chinese : xwan
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuán • Middle-Chinese : gjwen • Middle-Chinese : kjwenX • Middle-Chinese : kjwenH
|happy; pleased; glad; joyous • (literary) friendly; amicable • (literary) liking; friendly feelings • lover; beloved; sweetheart • (dialectal) lively; energetic
|to roll; to roll up; to curl • roll; cylinder; tube; scroll • rolled up; curly • Classifier for rolled objects: rolls, reels ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • to sweep up; to carry along; to sweep away • to embroil; to involve • (neologism, slang) Short for 內捲／内卷 (“intense competition among peers; to study harder or work longer as a result”).
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|Kyūjitai form of 歓 (joy, delight)
|curl • roll • wind • turn over (a playing card) • flip through
|歡 • (hwan) · 歡 • (hwan) (hangeul 환, revised hwan, McCune–Reischauer hwan, Yale hwan)
|捲 (eum 권 (gwon))
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|Hán-Nôm : hoan • Hán-Nôm : hoen
|Hán-Nôm : cuốn • Hán-Nôm : quyền • Hán-Nôm : cuộn • Hán-Nôm : quấn • Hán-Nôm : quén • Hán-Nôm : quyển • Hán-Nôm : quyện
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|歡
|捲
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|-
|歧
|掄
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːn, *run) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 侖 (OC *run).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nng • Middle-Chinese : lwin • Middle-Chinese : lwon
|(literary) to select • to swing; to brandish • (literary) to waste money
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : gjie
|forked road • fork; divide • forked; divergent; different
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|
|掄 • (ryun>yun) · 掄 • (ryun>yun) (hangeul 륜>윤, revised ryun>yun, McCune–Reischauer ryun>yun, Yale lyun>yun)
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|
|歧 (eum 기 (gi))
|Hán-Nôm : dọn • Hán-Nôm : luân • Hán-Nôm : luồn
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|
|Hán-Nôm : kì
|掄
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|歧
|-
|-
|歪
|掖
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 不 (“not”) + 正 (“straight; proper”). ‖  ‖ Mai (2017) considers 佊 (MC pjeX) to be a possible etymon, noting other (rare) instances in Cantonese where /m/ is a reflex of the historical 幫 (MC pang) initial, and where /ɛ/ is a reflex of the 支 (MC tsye) final. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄞ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uai ‖  ‖  ‖
|slanted; inclined; askew; awry; crooked; lopsided • crooked; perverse; improper; evil • (Central Plains and Lanyin Mandarin, Sichuanese) fierce; malicious; overbearing • (Hakka) stingy; miserly ‖ (Shanxi, Sichuanese, dialectal Hakka) inferior; bad; fake • (Sichuanese) unreliable; deceiving ‖ (Cantonese) slanted; inclined; askew; awry; crooked; lopsided; distorted ‖ (Teochew, Leizhou Min, Hainanese) slanted; inclined; askew; awry; crooked; lopsided
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|
|bend; warp; distort; deform
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jik⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iā • Middle-Chinese : yek
|歪 • (a, wae, oe) · 歪 • (a, wae, oe) (hangeul 아, 왜, 외, revised a, wae, oe, McCune–Reischauer a, wae, oe, Yale , oy)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : quay • Hán-Nôm : oa • Hán-Nôm : oai
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|歪
|side (of body); carry under arm
|-
|掖 (eum 액 (aek))
|歲
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰʷads, *sqʰʷad) : semantic 步 + phonetic 戉 (OC *ɢʷad). In addition to 戉, various components such as 月 (“moon; month”) used to be present, sometimes as simple as two dots. The current form derives from the Qin-style handwriting of the late Warring States (with a full-width 止 on the top and a bottom-left 撇 stroke extending outward as in 戊 or 戌 instead of bending inward as in 戉), which was also inherited by the clerical script. \ A derivative of 越 (OC *ɢʷad, “to pass over”) (Mei, 1979, 1992). Ultimately probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *grwat (“to travel; to go through”); compare Tibetan སྐྱོད (skyod, “to go”) (Mei, 1979, 1992; Gong Hwang-cherng, 2002; STEDT). \ The functions of the *s- prefix and the *-s suffix are not clear. Possible explanations include: \ * *s- as a directive prefix and *-s as a nominalizer (Mei, 1992); \ * *s- is an iterative prefix, literally "to pass on again" (Schuessler, 2007); \ * *s- (possibly with *-s) as a nominalizer (Smith, 2012). \ Alternatively, it may be derived from a word like 圓 (OC *ɢon, “round; circle”) (< Proto-Sino-Tibetan *wal (“round; circular”)), literally "to start the circle/cycle again" (Schuessler, 2007). \ Outside of Sino-Tibetan, this word has been compared to Thai ขวบ (kùuap, “year”), which Bodman (1980) considers to be a loan from Chinese, as well as Proto-Austronesian *kawaS (“year; season; sky”) (Sagart, 2005). \ Also see Schuessler (2007) and Smith (2012) for a discussion on the semantic development of this word, especially the connection between "Jupiter" and "year".
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suè • Middle-Chinese : sjwejH
|(literary) Jupiter (planet) • year • Tai Sui, the god representing each of these years • (literary) age • (literary) time; period • (literary) crop harvests of the year • Classifier for time: year • Classifier for age (of a person or animal): year old
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|
|Alternative form of - 歳(さい) (sai, “year (age counter)”) • Alternative form of - 才(さい) (sai, “year (age counter)”)
|Hán-Nôm : dịch
|歲 (eumhun 해 세 (hae se))
|hanja form of 세 (“age (counter); year (about age)”)
|Hán-Nôm : tuế • Hán-Nôm : tuổi
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|歲
|掖
|-
|-
|歷
|掙
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːɡ) : phonetic 厤 (OC *reːɡ) + semantic 止. \ Schuessler (2007) considered this word to be of Sino-Tibetan origin and a cognate to Burmese ရေ (re, “to count”), Kinnauri ri (“to count”), Tibetan རྩི (rtsi, “to count; to calculate”), and རྩིས་པ (rtsis pa, “astronomer”); however, STEDT derives Burmese ရေ (re) & Tibetan རྩི (rtsi) from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-tsjəj (“to count”) and does not compare them to Chinese 歷. \ :One derivative is 曆 (OC *rêk), meaning "calendrical calculations" (Shu) → "calendar"; \ :Another derivative is exopassive 麗 (OC *rê(k)h), meaning "what is calculated → number" (Shi), whose possible allofam is 麗 (OC *rêh).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 爭.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Middle-Chinese : lek
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiānn
|to experience; to go through; to undergo • experience; history; record • to surpass; to exceed; to overstep • to offend; to go against; to undermine • to travel through; to go travelling • extensively; all over; completely • many times; repeatedly • one by one; one at a time • all of the previous (occurrences); all past • to take charge of; to assume (a role) • to choose; to select (a date) • to examine; to scrutinise; to observe; to calculate • clear; distinct; lucid • few and far between; sporadic • a surname
|to struggle to get free • to struggle to support • to earn; to make • to hold open (with force)
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|take place, past, history
|to wrench open • to ((force)) with all one's might
|歷 (eumhun 지낼 력 (jinael ryeok), word-initial (South Korea) 지낼 역 (jinael yeok))
|hanja form of 력/역 (“go through”) • hanja form of 력/역 (“experience”) • hanja form of 력/역 (“undergo”) • hanja form of 력/역 (“use up”) • hanja form of 력/역 (“exhaust”)
|Hán-Nôm : lịch • Hán-Nôm : lếch • Hán-Nôm : lệch • Hán-Nôm : rếch
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|歷
|-
|歸
|Characters in the same phonetic series (追) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𠂤 (“ancient form of 師 (“troops”)”) + 帚 (“broom; sweep”) – to eradicate the enemy and return. \ Some analyse the 帚 component in the oracle bone script as a ligature of 止 (“to stop, to cease”) and 方 (“peripheral tribes”), i.e. “(of tribes in the periphery) to cease enmity and submit”. \ A 止 (“foot”) or 辵 (“walking”) component was further added in the bronze inscriptions. \ Shuowen deems 𠂤 to be the phonetic component of this character. \ Starostin and Schuessler (2007) consider this a possible derivative of 回 (OC *ɡuːl, “to revolve; to return”). Compared with Tibetan འཁོར ('khor, “circle; turn; to turn round; to return”) by Xue (2001) and Wang (2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kui • Middle-Chinese : kjw+j
|to return (to a place); to come back to • to return to (a person, a status); to revert to • to submit to; to seek patronage • to tend towards; to converge • to belong to • (between identical verbs) despite; notwithstanding
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|to return; to come back to
|Hán-Nôm : tránh • Hán-Nôm : giành
|歸 (eumhun 돌아갈 귀 (doragal gwi))
|hanja form of 귀 (“to return, to go back”)
|Hán-Nôm : qui • Hán-Nôm : quy
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|歸
|掙
|-
|-
|歹
|掣
|Pictogram (象形) - human remains. ‖  ‖ Disputed: \ * From Tibetan letter ཏ (徐復《歹字源出藏文說》) \ * Abbreviated from 殆 (楊琳《古漢語外來詞研究中存在的問題》) ‖ Unclear. It has been suggested that it could be related to 否 (pǐ, “evil”) or 痞 (pǐ, “rascal; evil”). ‖  ‖  
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰjeds, *kʰjed) : phonetic 制 (OC *kjeds) + semantic 手 (“hand”). ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aat³ • Middle-Chinese : ngat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : daai² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tái ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : pháinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phái ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˇ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiat • Middle-Chinese : tsyhejH • Middle-Chinese : tsyhet ‖  
|bone remnants ‖ bone remains ‖ bad; wicked; evil • misdeed; something evil ‖ (Hokkien, Teochew) bad; wicked; evil • (Hokkien) to become bad; to break down • (Hokkien) to be fierce • (Hokkien) to cause something to be harmed or damaged • (Hokkien) difficult; hard (to do something) ‖ Alternative form of 待 (“to stay”) ‖ (used by Miao people) I, you
|to pull; to tug; to drag • to hinder by pulling back; to draw • (literary) to flash past • (Southern Min) to shiver; to shake • (Southern Min) to be afraid; to be scared; to be frightened ‖ (Cantonese) button; push-button; switch; component for controlling device (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) · (Cantonese) electrical switch (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (Cantonese) button; push-button; switch; component for controlling device (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) · (Cantonese, computing) key (on a keyboard); button (on a video game controller) (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) • (Cantonese) button; push-button; switch; component for controlling device (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) · (Cantonese, graphical user interface) button (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) • (Cantonese) button; push-button; switch; component for controlling device (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) · (Cantonese) pedal • (Cantonese) button; push-button; switch; component for controlling device (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) · (Cantonese, specifically) brake pedal • (Cantonese) button; push-button; switch; component for controlling device (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c)
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|歹 • (al, dae) · 歹 • (al, dae) (hangeul 알, 대, revised al, dae, McCune–Reischauer al, tae, Yale al, tay)
|掣 • (che, cheol) · 掣 • (che, cheol) (hangeul 체, 철)
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|Hán-Nôm : ngạt • Hán-Nôm : đãi • Hán-Nôm : ngặt
|Hán-Nôm : xiết • Hán-Nôm : xế • Hán-Nôm : xía • Hán-Nôm : siết
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|歹
|掣
|-
|-
|殆
|掬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kluɡ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 匊 (OC *kluɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : guk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiuh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiok • Middle-Chinese : kjuwk
|(literary) to grasp or hold with both hands • (Mainland China Hokkien) to recoil; to tighten; to draw back • (Mainland China Hokkien) to slightly wrinkle; to crease a little • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to struggle; to attempt
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : toi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǎi • Middle-Chinese : dojX
|scoop up water with the hand
|(literary, or in compounds) in peril; at stake • (literary, or in compounds) weary; tired • (literary, or in compounds) perhaps; probably • (literary, or in compounds) nearly; almost
|掬 • (guk) · 掬 • (guk) (hangeul 국, revised guk, McCune–Reischauer kuk, Yale kwuk)
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|
|almost, nearly • extremely dangerous, nearly deadly
|Hán-Nôm : cúc
|殆 (eum 태 (tae))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : đãi
|掬
|
|殆
|-
|-
|殘
|揀
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zlaːn, *zaːns) : semantic 歹 (“vicious, bones”) + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn) – to viciously harm, injure. \ Semantic was originally 歺, but was simplified to 歹.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːnʔ, *ɡ·reːns) : semantic 扌 (“hands”) + phonetic 柬 (OC *kreːnʔ, “to choose”). Originally written 柬. \ Compare Thai กลั่น (glàn, “to distill; to extract”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsân • Middle-Chinese : dzan
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kán • Middle-Chinese : keanX • Middle-Chinese : lenH
|to damage; to destroy • to kill; to injure • to be left; to remain • severe; cruel; brutal • incomplete; fragmentary • remaining; leftover • (Southern Min) trace of saliva (on an object) • (Cantonese) old-looking; dilapidated • (Southern Sixian Hakka) naughty; mischievous
|to choose; to pick • Alternative form of 撿／捡 (“to pick up”)
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|
|select
|揀 • (gan, yeon) · 揀 • (gan, yeon) (hangeul 간, 연, revised gan, yeon, McCune–Reischauer kan, yŏn, Yale kan, yen)
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|
|殘 • (jan) · 殘 • (jan) (hangeul 잔, revised jan, McCune–Reischauer chan, Yale can)
|Hán-Nôm : gióng • Hán-Nôm : giáng • Hán-Nôm : giản • Hán-Nôm : kiêm
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|
|Hán-Nôm : tàn
|揀
|殘疾 tàn tật • 殘杯 tàn bôi
|殘
|-
|-
|殷
|揆
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : a person with swollen abdomen (身, now written 㐆) + a hand grabbing an ornamental weapon or drum (now written 殳), sometimes also interpreted as a needle for acupuncture. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : a person with swollen abdomen (身, now written 㐆) + a hand grabbing an ornamental weapon or drum (now written 殳), sometimes also interpreted as a needle for acupuncture. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : a person with swollen abdomen (身, now written 㐆) + a hand grabbing an ornamental weapon or drum (now written 殳), sometimes also interpreted as a needle for acupuncture.
| ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : un • Hokkien · Tai-lo : in • Middle-Chinese : 'j+n ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aan¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'ean ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan²
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai⁵ • Middle-Chinese : gjwijX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kue̍h
|(～朝) Late Shang Dynasty • (by extension) (～朝) Alternative name for 商 (shāng, “Shang Dynasty”). • abundant; rich • (literary) large; flourishing • (literary) many; numerous • (of emotions) deep • a surname ‖ blood red; deep red ‖ sound of thunder • to shake; to tremble
|^⁜ guess; to conjecture; to surmise; to reckon • (dated or formal) leader of the government · (Hong Kong, Taiwan, formal) prime minister • (dated or formal) leader of the government · (Taiwan, formal) president of the Executive Yuan; premier of the Republic of China • (dated or formal) leader of the government ‖ Alternative form of 劌／刿 (“to rub against; classifier for a segment or section of something that is long”)
| ‖ 殷(いん) • (In) ‖ 殷(いん) • (in)
|
| ‖ (historical) Shang dynasty ‖ (historical) Shang dynasty • prosperous; flourishing • rumbling
|category • plan • drumstick
|殷 (eum 은, 안 (eun, an))
|揆 • (gyu) · 揆 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu)
|hanja form of 은, 안 (“great, many, magnificent, flourishing”)
|
|Hán-Nôm : ân
|Hán-Nôm : quẫy
|
|
|殷
|揆
|-
|-
|毀
|揖
|* Sears interprets it as Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 臼 (“cracked skull”) + 工 (“tool”) + 殳 (“hand action”), a man being hit in the head. \ * Liu Zhao interprets it as Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmralʔ, *hmrals) : phonetic 𬛸 () + semantic 殳 (“hand holding staff; strike”) \ * Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmralʔ, *hmrals) : abbreviated phonetic 毇 (OC *hmralʔ) + semantic 土
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huí • Middle-Chinese : xjweX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jap¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ip • Middle-Chinese : 'jip ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cap¹
|to destroy; to ruin • to slander • a surname: Hui
|to salute with one hand clasping the other in front of one's chest • to politely decline; to modestly decline ‖ Alternative form of 輯／辑 (jí, “to gather”)
|
|
|break, destroy, demolish
|毀 • (hwe) · 毀 • (hwe) (hangeul 훼)
|
|Hán-Nôm : hủy • Hán-Nôm : huỷ
|
|
|毀
|揖 • (eup, jeup) · 揖 • (eup, jeup) (hangeul 읍, 즙)
|-
|毅
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɯds) : phonetic 豙 (OC *ŋɯs, *ŋɯds) + semantic 殳 (“an ancient Chinese weapon”) \ Semantically extended from 豙 (yì, “enraged pig”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for further etymology.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gī • Middle-Chinese : ngj+jH
|resolute; decisive; firm; staunch • (literary) ruthless; cruel; unrelenting • 30th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "bold resolution" (𝌣)
| ‖ 毅(たけし) • (Takeshi) · 毅(つよし) • (Tsuyoshi)
|strong ‖ a male given name • a male given name
|毅 • (ui) · 毅 • (ui) (hangeul 의, revised ui, McCune–Reischauer ŭi, Yale uy)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nghị
|Hán-Nôm : ập
|
|
|毅
|揖
|-
|-
|毯
|搗
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰaːmʔ) : semantic 毛 + phonetic 炎 (OC *ɦlam).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːwʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 島 (OC *tuːwʔ)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : taan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : taam² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thán • Middle-Chinese : thamX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : táu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tó • Middle-Chinese : tawX
|rug; carpet; blanket
|to pound with a pestle; to smash • to beat with a stick; to smash • to make trouble; to disturb; to mess up • to attack (an enemy); to mount an offensive
|
|
|pound, husk
|搗 (eum 도 (do))
|
|
|毯 • (dam) · 毯 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam, Yale tam)
|Hán-Nôm : đẽo • Hán-Nôm : đảo • Hán-Nôm : đểu
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : xồm • Hán-Nôm : thảm
|搗
|carpet, rug
|毯
|-
|-
|氓
|搪
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mraːŋ) : phonetic 亡 (OC *maŋ) + semantic 民 (“people”). ‖ Cognate with Tibetan དམངས (dmangs, “ordinary people; populace”), Tibetan འབངས ('bangs, “subjects”) (Benedict, 1976). Unrelated to 民 (OC *min, “people”); probably unrelated to etymology 1 (Schuessler, 2007).
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mong⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mang⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁴ • Middle-Chinese : meang
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̄g • Middle-Chinese : dang
|ruffian, hooligan ‖ (literary) people; folk • nomad; wanderer (used to refer to migrants in ancient China)
| ‖ 氓(ぼう) • (bō)
|people, subjects ‖ people; subjects
|氓 • (maeng) · 氓 • (maeng) (hangeul 맹, revised maeng, McCune–Reischauer maeng, Yale mayng)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : manh
|
|
|氓
|-
|氛
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰɯn, *bɯn) : semantic 气 + phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hun • Middle-Chinese : bjun • Middle-Chinese : phjun
|^† atmosphere; miasma; vapor
|
|
|atmosphere • miasma • misfortune
|搪 • (dang) · 搪 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang)
|氛 (eum 분 (bun))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phân
|Hán-Nôm : đường
|
|
|氛
|搪
|-
|-
|氣
|搶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds) : phonetic 气 (OC *kʰɯds) + semantic 米 (“rice”) – to give rice as a gift. \ Later borrowed meanings of “air, flow” from 气 (OC *kʰɯds). The derivative 餼 (OC *qʰɯds) refers to the original word. Compare 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds) : phonetic 气 (OC *kʰɯds) + semantic 米 (“rice”) – to give rice as a gift. \ Later borrowed meanings of “air, flow” from 气 (OC *kʰɯds). The derivative 餼 (OC *qʰɯds) refers to the original word. Compare 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaŋ, *sʰaŋʔ, *sʰraŋʔ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaŋ, *sʰaŋʔ, *sʰraŋʔ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuì • Middle-Chinese : khj+jH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˋ • Middle-Chinese : xj+jH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiáng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiúnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiáunn • Middle-Chinese : tshjang • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjangX • Middle-Chinese : tshjangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ • Middle-Chinese : tshjang • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjangX • Middle-Chinese : tshjangX
|gas (matter in an intermediate state between liquid and plasma) • (meteorology) air • breath (Classifier: 口 m; 股 m; 啖 c) • (Chinese philosophy, traditional Chinese medicine) qi; vital energy; life force • weather • smell; odour • anger (Classifier: 條／条 c; 啖 c; 度 c) • to be angry • to make angry; to annoy; to anger; to enrage • quality; character; spirit; mettle • vitality; vigor; morale; spirit • bad habit; bad practice • a surname: Qi ‖ Original form of 餼／饩 (xì, “to give food as a gift”).
|to snatch away • to fight over; to scramble for; to compete for • to rush • to scrape ‖ (literary) to knock; to hit; to strike • to go in the opposite direction
|
|
|
|氣 (eumhun 기운 기 (giun gi))
|hanja form of 기 (“energy, aura, vitality, vigour”) [noun]
|Hán-Nôm : khí
|chữ Hán form of khí (“gas; air; spirit”).
|氣
|-
|氧
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 气 (“gas”) + abbreviated phonetic 養 (yǎng, “to nourish”). \ From 養／养 (yǎng, “to nourish”) in 養氣／养气 [19th c.], referring to oxygen's role in sustaining life. Derivative: 𨦡／𰽽 (yáng, “oxonium”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iáng
|(chemistry) oxygen • oxygen gas
|
|
|Synonym of 酸素 (sanso, “oxygen”)
|搶 • (chang) · 搶 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang, Yale chang)
|氧 • (yang) · 氧 • (yang) (hangeul 양)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : dưỡng
|Hán-Nôm : sang • Hán-Nôm : thương • Hán-Nôm : thưởng
|
|
|氧
|搶
|-
|-
|氨
|搽
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 气 (“gas”) + phonetic 安 (ān). \ Borrowed from English ammonia. Related to 銨／铵 (ǎn, “ammonium”) and 胺 (àn, “amine”).
|From 塗 (OC *rlaː, “to daub”) (Liu, 1984).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : on¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : an
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâ
|(inorganic chemistry) ammonia
|to apply; to anoint
|
|
|Synonym of アンモニア (anmonia, “ammonia”)
|
|
|搽 • (cha) · 搽 • (cha) (hangeul 차, revised cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'a, Yale cha)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : an
|Hán-Nôm : chà • Hán-Nôm : trà
|
|
|氨
|搽
|-
|-
|氮
|摑
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 气 (“gas”) + abbreviated phonetic 淡 (dàn, “dilute”). \ From 淡 (dàn, “dilute”) in 淡氣／淡气 [19th c.], referring to nitrogen diluting oxygen in the air.
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daam⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tām
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄞ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwok³ • Middle-Chinese : kweak ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka̍k
|(chemistry) nitrogen • nitrogen gas
|to slap the face ‖ (Hokkien) to throw; to cast (something to hit someone) • (Hokkien) to throw away; to toss
|
|box one's ears • slap • catch, seize • grasp, hold • arrest, capture
|摑 (eumhun 칠 괵 (chil goek))
|hanja form of 괵 (“hit”)
|Hán-Nôm : quắc • Hán-Nôm : quặc
|
|
|nitrogen
|摑
|氮 • (dam) · 氮 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam, Yale tam)
|nitrogen
|Hán-Nôm : đạm
|nitrogen
|氮
|-
|-
|氯
|摒
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 气 (“gas”) + phonetic 彔. 彔 is also a reduced form of 綠 (“green”), serving as a semantic component. \ From 綠氣／绿气 (“green gas”) in the 19th century, which is a calque of English chlorine, referring to the colour of chlorine gas.
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : luk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing² • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pìng • Middle-Chinese : pjiengH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : beng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piànn
|(chemistry) chlorine • chlorine gas
|to expel; to cast off ‖ (Cantonese, Hokkien) to clean up; to tidy up • (Cantonese, Gan, Hakka) to hide • (Hokkien) to dump; to empty
|
|
|
|
|氯 (eum 록 (rok))
|摒 (eumhun 제거할 병 (jegeohal byeong))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lục
|Hán-Nôm : bính
|
|
|氯
|摒
|-
|-
|氾
|摟
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roː, *ro) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 婁 (OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roː, *ro) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 婁 (OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roː, *ro) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 婁 (OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lió ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liô • Middle-Chinese : lju • Middle-Chinese : luw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : lju • Middle-Chinese : luw ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lau³
|to hug; to embrace • armspan ‖ to gather up • (colloquial) to pull up; to tuck up • to extort; to rake in • (regional) to calculate with an abacus • (regional) to calculate with an abacus · (regional, figurative) to verify through calculation; to examine and calculate; to assess • (dialectal) to pull; to draw • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka) to drape; to cover • (Cantonese, of insects) to crawl or hover over ‖ to pull in; to rope in; to gather ‖ (Cantonese, transitive) to instigate; to invite; to tempt • (Cantonese, transitive) to provoke
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ
|hug, embrace • drag, pull
|a place in modern Henan • a surname
|
|
|spread out • wide
|氾 • (beom) · 氾 • (beom) (hangeul 범, revised beom, McCune–Reischauer pŏm, Yale pem)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phiếm
|Hán-Nôm : lùa • Hán-Nôm : lâu
|
|
|氾
|摟
|-
|-
|汞
|摺
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːŋʔ) : phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ) + semantic 水 (“water”)
| ‖  ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 摺 – see 褶 (“pleat; crease; fold; wrinkle; lined clothing; etc.”). \ (This character is a variant form of 褶).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kòng • Middle-Chinese : huwngX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsih • Middle-Chinese : tsyep ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚ • Middle-Chinese : lop
|(chemistry) mercury (Hg) • a surname: Gong
|to destroy • to fold • booklet • foldable • side • (Cantonese) to close down; to fold • (Hong Kong Cantonese) to stay at a place • (Hong Kong Cantonese, university slang) unsocialized; uninteracting towards others • (Mainland China Hokkien) Classifier for folds of thin sheets. ‖ Used in personal names. ‖ Alternative form of 拉 (“to break; to snap”)
| ‖ 汞(こう) • (kō)
|mercury, quicksilver (the metal) ‖ (chemistry) mercury, quicksilver
|汞 (eum 홍 (hong))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hống
|to rub • to fold
|摺 • (jeop) · 摺 • (jeop) (hangeul 접, revised jeop, McCune–Reischauer chŏp, Yale cep)
|
|
|汞
|Hán-Nôm : dập
|-
|汪
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʷaːŋ, *qʷaːŋs, *qʷaŋʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 㞷 ().
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ong • Middle-Chinese : 'wang • Middle-Chinese : 'jwangX • Middle-Chinese : 'wangH
|(of bodies of water) vast and deep • Classifier for masses of liquid. • (onomatopoeia) woof; bark (the cry of a dog) • a surname, listed 104th in the Hundred Family Surnames
|
|
|flowing full • expanse of water • wide • deep
|摺
|汪 • (wang) · 汪 • (wang) (hangeul 왕, revised wang, McCune–Reischauer wang, Yale wang)
|
|Hán-Nôm : uông
|Chữ Hán form of Uông (“a surname from Chinese.”).
|汪
|-
|-
|沁
|撈
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlɯms) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 心 (OC *slɯm).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːw, *reːw) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 勞 (OC *raːw, *raːws). ‖  ‖  ‖ Clipping of 撈鬆／捞松 (laau¹ sung¹). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sim • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sìm • Middle-Chinese : tshimH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : law ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˊ ‖  ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : laau¹ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo
|to soak into water; to seep in water
|to dredge up; to scoop out of water; to fish for • (dialectal) to grab; to take up • (figurative) to gain by improper means • (Eastern Min) to blanch; to scald; to cook briefly in boiling water • (Northern Min) to look for; to seek ‖ Used in 撈什子／捞什子, alternative form of 勞什子／劳什子 (láoshízi) ‖ (Cantonese) to mix; to stir • (Cantonese) to earn a living • (Cantonese) to want • (Cantonese) to tease ‖ (Cantonese, derogatory) non-Cantonese Chinese; northern Chinese; Mandarin-speaking Chinese ‖ (Hokkien) to dredge up; to scoop out of water; to fish for
|
|
|
|
|沁 (eum 심 (sim))
|撈 • (ro>no) · 撈 • (ro>no) (hangeul 로>노, revised ro>no, McCune–Reischauer ro>no, Yale lo>no)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tắm • Hán-Nôm : tăm • Hán-Nôm : tấm • Hán-Nôm : thấm
|Hán-Nôm : lau • Hán-Nôm : lao • Hán-Nôm : lạo • Hán-Nôm : trau
|
|
|沁
|撈
|-
|-
|沐
|撐
|
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rtʰaːŋ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 牚 (OC *rtʰaːŋs) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rtʰaːŋ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 牚 (OC *rtʰaːŋs)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : muk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bo̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bok • Middle-Chinese : muwk
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : the • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thenn ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang⁶
|to bathe; to shower • to cleanse • to receive • to be given • a surname • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to sink into; to fall into • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to put in; to invest (money, etc.) • (Xiamen Hokkien) to swallow a big gulp (of liquid) • (Xiamen Hokkien) Classifier for phlegm, blood, water.
|to prop up; to support • to push off (with a pole) • to sustain; to maintain • to open; to unfurl • to fill to the point of bursting • (Cantonese, figuratively) to support ‖ (Cantonese) to fill (a space); to expand
|
|
|to wash
|Support, prop up, brace. • The main support or pillar. • Eat one's fill, feast.
|沐 • (mok) · 沐 • (mok) (hangeul 목, revised mok, McCune–Reischauer mok, Yale mok)
|撐 (eum 탱 (taeng))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : múc • Hán-Nôm : móc • Hán-Nôm : mốc • Hán-Nôm : mộc
|Hán-Nôm : sênh • Hán-Nôm : sanh • Hán-Nôm : xênh • Hán-Nôm : xinh • Hán-Nôm : xanh
|
|
|沐
|撐
|-
|-
|沒
|撓
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯːd) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 𠬛 (). \ Possibly a colloquial variant of 勿 (MC mjut) or 未 (MC mj+jH), which fused with or was influenced by 有 (MC hjuwX); not derived from 沒 (OC *mɯːd, “to dive; to drown”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ According to Schuessler (2007), formed from the convergence of two etyma: \ * Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mit (“to extinguish”). The i ~ u alternation is a common phenomenon in Sino-Tibetan. \ * An etymon meaning "to dive", whence Burmese မြုပ် (mrup, “to sink; to be submerged”), which is a loan from Proto-Mon-Khmer *(b)ləp (“to immerse”) according to Shorto (1972). \ Unrelated to etymology 1.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : mut⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bu̍t ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mut⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bu̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bua̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bi̍t • Middle-Chinese : mwot
|not have; there is not; to be without • to be not so ... as (when comparing) • less than; no more than • Negative prefix for verb 有 (yǒu, “to have”). • have not or did not (negative prefix for verbs, translated into other languages with verbs in the past tense) • (euphemistic, colloquial) to pass away ‖ to drown; to sink; to submerge; to inundate • to rise beyond; to cover; to overflow • to end; to finish • to disappear; to vanish • to confiscate • (literary) Alternative form of 歿／殁 (mò, “to die; to pass away”)
|
|
|discard, reject • death • lacking, without
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngiáu • Middle-Chinese : xaw • Middle-Chinese : nraewX
|沒 (eumhun 가라앉을 몰 (garaanjeul mol))
|to disturb; to bother; to upset • to stir; to mix • to scratch • Alternative form of 鬧／闹 (nào, “noisy”) • to bend; to yield; to flinch • (Nanning Pinghua) paw; claw
|hanja form of 몰 (“drown, sink”) • hanja form of 몰 (“not, have not, none”)
|canonical : 沒: Hán Việt readings: một 沒: Nôm readings: mốt • canonical : một ‖ romanization : một ‖ romanization : mốt
| ‖ Nôm form of một (“one”). ‖ Nôm form of mốt (“(only in compounds or fixed expressions) one; -one”).
|沒
|-
|沖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *duŋ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiâng • Middle-Chinese : drjuwng
|to pour water on; to rinse; to flush; to wash • to pour (boiling) water in • to soar; to rise; to shoot up • to develop (a film) • to offset • (dialectal) flatland in a mountainous area (Classifier: 個／个) • Alternative form of 涌 (chōng, “small river”) • a surname: Chong
|
|
|
|
|沖 • (chung) · 沖 • (chung) (hangeul 충, revised chung, McCune–Reischauer ch'ung, Yale chwung)
|撓 • (yo) · 撓 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : trong • Hán-Nôm : trùng • Hán-Nôm : xung
|Hán-Nôm : nhéo • Hán-Nôm : nạo • Hán-Nôm : não • Hán-Nôm : nàu • Hán-Nôm : ngoéo • Hán-Nôm : nhàu • Hán-Nôm : ngàu • Hán-Nôm : nao • Hán-Nôm : nảo • Hán-Nôm : nảu • Hán-Nôm : nãu • Hán-Nôm : nạu • Hán-Nôm : nhao • Hán-Nôm : nháo • Hán-Nôm : nháu • Hán-Nôm : nhảu • Hán-Nôm : nhảo
|
|
|沖
|撓
|-
|-
|沛
|撚
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *poːbs, *pʰoːbs) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 巿 (OC *pub).
| ‖ See 𡳞.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pui³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phài • Middle-Chinese : pajH • Middle-Chinese : phajH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : nin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : nin⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lián • Middle-Chinese : nenX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lan²
|(literary) abundant; full; copious • (literary) swift; sudden • a surname
|to pinch; to pick up (with one's fingers) • to take; to hold • to rub (with one's fingers) • to fiddle; to fidget • to play tricks; to toy with; to tease • to trample; to tread • Alternative form of 攆／撵 (niǎn, “to expel; to drive out”) • (music) to press on or lightly pinch in the strings of the pipa to produce a wave-like effect • (Southern Min) to swindle; to defraud ‖ penis (Classifier: 條／条 c; 轆／辘 c) • fucking; freaking; the hell; the fuck • (derogatory) a person associated with a particular identity or trait; -er (usually for males) • Negates the meaning of the sentence: fuck all, my ass, like fuck, no fucking way
|
|to twist
|撚 (eumhun 비틀 년 (biteul nyeon), word-initial (South Korea) 비틀 연 (biteul yeon))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : niệm
|
|
|沛 (eum 패 (pae))
|撚
|-
|撥
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paːd) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 發 (OC *pad). ‖ Likely a glottalized variant of 把 (MC paeX, “to hold; to give (dialectal)”) (Dai, 2004).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : but⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : put³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puat • Middle-Chinese : pat ‖
|(transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · to dispel; to scatter • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · to distribute; to allocate (resources, staff, etc); to set aside (money) • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · to dial (a phone number) • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · to push aside or forward with the foot, hand, stick, etc. • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · to stir; to pluck • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · (figurative) to incite; to excite • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · to play a plucked string instrument • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · to wave a fan • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · to poke (a fire) • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · (Southern Min) to take out (time, etc.) • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · (Southern Min) to divert; to reallocate; to misappropriate (money, funds, etc.) • (intransitive) to wave; to sweep; to whirl • (intransitive) to ferment (of wine); to brew • (transitive) to delete; to cut • (transitive) to reject; to abandon • (transitive) to govern; to rule; to pacify • plectrum • Classifier for people or things: group; batch ‖ to give • to allow • to; for; by
| ‖ 撥(ばち) or 撥(バチ) • (bachi)
| ‖ plectrum for instruments such as the biwa and shamisen
|撥 (eumhun 다스릴 발 (daseuril bal)) · 撥 (eumhun 방패 벌 (bangpae beol))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phải
|Hán-Nôm : phết • Hán-Nôm : bát • Hán-Nôm : phiết
|
|
|沛
|撥
|-
|-
|沫
|撫
|Etymology is from the combination of water (left radical) and end (末). Ie the last form of water is foam as it crashes on the ocean's beach. ‖ Probably from a Mon-Khmer substrate; compare Vietnamese bọt (“foam; froth”) (Norman and Mei, 1976). Also compare Mizo phûl (“scum; froth; foam”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m̥ʰaʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 無 (OC *ma).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bua̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bua̍t • Middle-Chinese : mat ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : phe̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phe̍rh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phue̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phe ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : buah
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bú • Middle-Chinese : phjuX
|froth; foam; bubbles; suds • saliva • (literary) to stop ‖ (Min) scum; froth ‖ (Zhangzhou Hokkien) full to the brim (of liquid in a container)
|to stroke; to caress • (alt. form 拊) to pat; to strike; to clap • to play; to pluck (an instrument) • to console; to comfort • to hold; to possess; to control • to nurture; to take care of • (Suzhounese, by extension) to wash
|
|
|splash • suds
|stroke, pat
|沫 (eum 말 (mal))
|撫 • (mu) · 撫 • (mu) (hangeul 무, revised mu, McCune–Reischauer mu, Yale mu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : mượt • Hán-Nôm : mát • Hán-Nôm : mạt • Hán-Nôm : mướt
|Hán-Nôm : vỗ • Hán-Nôm : dỗ • Hán-Nôm : phủ • Hán-Nôm : vồ
|
|
|沫
|撫
|-
|-
|沮
|撻
| ‖ ‖  ‖  ‖  
| ‖ table \ Borrowed from English tart. ‖ table \ Borrowed from English start. ‖  ‖  ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsóo • Middle-Chinese : dzjoX • Middle-Chinese : tshjo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsir • Middle-Chinese : tsjo • Middle-Chinese : tsrjo • Middle-Chinese : tshjo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìr • Middle-Chinese : tsjoH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsian ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨˇ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : that • Middle-Chinese : that ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taat¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : taat¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : taat¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : daat³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : taat³
|to stop; to prevent • to end; to terminate • to ruin; to corrupt • gloomy; glum; disheartened • to threaten; to intimidate ‖ Used in names of bodies of water. • a surname ‖ moist; damp ‖ Only used in 涓沮. ‖ Only used in 沮陽／沮阳.
|to flog • to chastise • brave • (archery) leather grip at the nocking point in a bow string • Alternative form of 鰨／鳎 (tǎ) ‖ (chiefly Cantonese) tart (pastry) • (Cantonese, euphemistic) vulva ‖ (Cantonese) to start (an engine, a vehicle, etc.); to ignite ‖ (Cantonese, slang) to steal ‖ (Cantonese, intransitive) to fall down • (Cantonese, transitive) to slam; to thud • (Cantonese, transitive) to pressure (someone) with one's authority or influence • (Cantonese, transitive) to show off (something) ‖ (Cantonese) to droop • (Cantonese) to lie limply
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|
|
|沮 • (jeo) · 沮 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)
|撻 • (dal) · 撻 • (dal) (hangeul 달)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tử • Hán-Nôm : tự
|Hán-Nôm : dặt • Hán-Nôm : đặt • Hán-Nôm : thát
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|
|沮
|撻
|-
|-
|沽
|撿
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ). \ Cognate with 酤 (OC *kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ, “to buy alcoholic drink”)，賈 (OC *kraːʔ, *kraːs, *klaːʔ, “to buy or sell”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·ramʔ, *kramʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam). ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo • Middle-Chinese : ku • Middle-Chinese : kuX • Middle-Chinese : kuH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gim² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiám ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˇ • Middle-Chinese : ljemX
|to buy • to sell • Short for 天津 (Tiānjīn).
|^† (alt. form 檢／检) to restrain; to constrain • ^† (alt. form 檢／检) to investigate • to pick up; to collect • to put in order • (dialectal Hakka) to take; to get ‖
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|
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|沽 (eum 고 (go))
|撿 • (geom) · 撿 • (geom) (hangeul 검, revised geom, McCune–Reischauer kŏm, Yale kem)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cô
|Hán-Nôm : kiểm
|
|
|沽
|撿
|-
|-
|沾
|擄
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). \ Ganlu Zishu considers this glyph to be an unorthodox variant of 霑 (zhān). \ Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ត្រាំ (tram, “to soak”), តំរាំ (tɑmrŏəm, “soaking; immersion; something which has been soaked”), ជ្រាំ (crŏəm, “muddy water”), Proto-Bahnaric *tram (“to soak”), *kram (“to sink”), Proto-Katuic *tram (“to soak”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖  ‖  ‖
|From 虜 (OC *raːʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsam • Middle-Chinese : trjem ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zim¹ • Middle-Chinese : trjem ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢ • Middle-Chinese : them ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : temH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Middle-Chinese : luX
|abundant; overflowing; brimming • to soak; to moisten • to share in (a benefit); to benefit through association • to influence; to edify • to be stained with; to be contaminated by • to touch; to come into contact with • (dialectal) to be good; to be okay ‖ (～水) an ancient river that flows from Huguan County, Shanxi into the Qi (淇) River in Henan, China ‖ Alternative form of 添 (tiān, “to increase”) • thin ‖ (～水) an ancient river flowing from Xiyang County, Shanxi into Ye (冶) River in Hebei • (～縣) (historical) a county in the Han dynasty southwest of Xiyang County
|to capture; to seize • to plunder; to rob
|
|
|
|
|沾 (eumhun 시다 첨 (sida cheom)) ‖ 沾 (eumhun 더할 첨 (deohal cheom)) ‖ 沾 (eumhun 경망할 첩 (gyeongmanghal cheop))
|擄 • (ro>no) · 擄 • (ro>no) (hangeul 로>노, revised ro>no, McCune–Reischauer ro>no, Yale lo>no)
|hanja form of 첨 (“to soak; to moisten”) ‖ Alternative form of 添 (“hanja form of 첨 (“to append; to increase”)”) ‖ hanja form of 첩 (“frivolous; discourteous; smug”)
|Hán-Nôm : chăm • Hán-Nôm : trèm • Hán-Nôm : triêm • Hán-Nôm : chem • Hán-Nôm : thêm
|
|
|沾
|Hán-Nôm : lỗ
|-
|泄
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siat • Middle-Chinese : sjet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : yejH
|to let out (a fluid or gas); to discharge • to let out or leak (a secret, news, etc.) • to vent • (Chinese mythology) Xie of Xia (tenth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty) • Alternative form of 洩 • (obsolete) Alternative form of 媟 (xiè) • (obsolete, dialectal) to stop ‖ Used in 泄沓. • Used in 泄泄.
|
|to leak; to escape • to excrete
|泄 • (seol, ye) · 泄 • (seol, ye) (hangeul 설, 예, revised seol, ye, McCune–Reischauer sŏl, ye, Yale sel, yey)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tướt • Hán-Nôm : dịa • Hán-Nôm : duệ • Hán-Nôm : tiết • Hán-Nôm : thực
|
|
|泄
|擄
|-
|-
|泛
|擋
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰoms, *bob) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 乏 (OC *bob). \ Sino-Tibetan. Compare Tibetan འབྱམ ('byam, “to flow over; to diffuse”) (Bodman, 1980). ‖ From 覂 (OC *poŋʔ). ‖
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːŋʔ, *taːŋs) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 當 (OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs). \ From 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to have the value of; to be equal of; to face; vis-à-vis; to match”) and originally written as 當 (Wang, 1982).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hàm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huān • Middle-Chinese : phjomH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄚˊ • Middle-Chinese : bjop
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòng • Middle-Chinese : tangH
|to float on water; to drift • to spread out; to be suffused with • to flood; to overflow • superficial; non-specific • extensive; general; pan- • careless; reckless ‖ to turn over; to topple over • to be destroyed; to be defeated; to fall ‖ ^‡ The sound of water.
|to block; to obstruct • to hide from view; to cover; to obscure • (automotive) gear • (Northern Wu) to handle; to keep in place; to hold fast; to hold and shield with hand
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|
|
|
|泛 • (beom, bong) · 泛 • (beom, bong) (hangeul 범, 봉, revised beom, bong, McCune–Reischauer pŏm, pong, Yale pem, pong)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phiếm • Hán-Nôm : phím • Hán-Nôm : mẹp • Hán-Nôm : phám
|
|
|泛
|Hán-Nôm : đương • Hán-Nôm : đáng
|-
|洛
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : lok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍h • Middle-Chinese : lak
|(～水, ～河) Luo River, a tributary of the Yellow River. • (～河) Luo River, a tributary of the Wei River. • Luoyang • a surname • (Mainland China) Used in the phonetic transcription of /lɒ/, /lɔː/, and /loʊ/ into Chinese characters
| ‖ 洛(らく) • (raku) ^(←らく (raku)?)
| ‖ (literary) capital city • (especially) Kyōto (a city in Kyōto, Japan)
|洛 • (rak>nak) · 洛 • (rak>nak) (hangeul 락>낙, revised rak>nak, McCune–Reischauer rak>nak, Yale lak>nak)
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|Hán-Nôm : rặc • Hán-Nôm : chua • Hán-Nôm : lạc • Hán-Nôm : lặng
|擋
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|洛
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|洽
|擘
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruːb) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb). \ Causative of 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to be together”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, it may be related to Tibetan འགྲུབ ('grub, “to be accomplished”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruːb) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb). \ Causative of 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to be together”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, it may be related to Tibetan འགྲུབ ('grub, “to be accomplished”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruːb) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb). \ Causative of 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to be together”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, it may be related to Tibetan འགྲུབ ('grub, “to be accomplished”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruːb) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb). \ Causative of 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to be together”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, it may be related to Tibetan འགྲུབ ('grub, “to be accomplished”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːɡ) : phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ) + semantic 手 (“hand”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ap¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha̍p • Middle-Chinese : heap ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka̍p ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : peh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : peeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piak • Middle-Chinese : peak
|to moisten • to be in accord; to be harmonious; to agree • to consult • extensive; wide ‖ (of liquids) thick; viscous • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taiwanese and Philippine Hokkien) mediocre; stupid; clumsy ‖ (historical) Alternative form of 郃 (hé), the name of a river in Shaanxi now known as 金水河. ‖ (Eastern Min) to stick to, adhere • (Eastern Min) to be at
|(literary) thumb • (literary, figurative) outstanding person • (literary or dialectal) to split; to break; to tear (with one's fingers) • (literary or dialectal) to open; to spread
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|洽 • (heup) · 洽 • (heup) (hangeul 흡, revised heup, McCune–Reischauer hŭp, Yale hup)
|擘 • (byeok) · 擘 • (byeok) (hangeul 벽, revised byeok, McCune–Reischauer pyŏk, Yale pyek)
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|Hán-Nôm : hiệp
|Hán-Nôm : bài • Hán-Nôm : phách
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|洽
|擘
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|浙
|擠
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔljed) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 折 (OC *l'eːl, *ʔljed, *ɦljed).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiat • Middle-Chinese : tsyet
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zai¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsé • Middle-Chinese : tsej • Middle-Chinese : tsejH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jik ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : khueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kheh
|(～江) (historical) Zhe River (former name of the Qiantang River in Zhejiang, China) • Short for 浙江 (Zhèjiāng, “Zhejiang Province”).
|to crowd together tightly; to squeeze • to squeeze one's way in; to cram in • to squeeze out; to wring; to use pressure to extract • (Cantonese) to place; to put ‖ (Hokkien) to squeeze out • (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to injure the bones, muscles, or joints of one's arms or legs due to violent and sudden contact with a hard object ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 𤲍 (xiá)
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|浙 (eumhun 강 절 (gang jeol))
|擠 (eum 제 (je))
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|Hán-Nôm : chiết
|Hán-Nôm : tê • Hán-Nôm : tể • Hán-Nôm : tễ
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|浙
|擠
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|涕
|擰
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰiːlʔ, *tʰiːls) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 弟 (OC *diːlʔ, *diːls). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-t(w)əj-n ~ m-ti-s (“water”). Cognate with 洟 (OC *l̥ʰiːls, *lil).
| ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thè • Middle-Chinese : thejX • Middle-Chinese : thejH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liàm • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liàm • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liàm • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liàm • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˋ
|tear (from the eyes) • (alt. form 洟) nasal mucus; snot; snivel
|to twist; to wring • to pinch; to tweak ‖ to twist; to screw • (colloquial) wrong; mistaken • (colloquial, of two people) to disagree; to be at odds ‖ (colloquial) stubborn; obstinate; unbending; headstrong ‖ (Cantonese) to turn around
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|涕 (eum 체 (che))
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|Hán-Nôm : thế • Hán-Nôm : thía
|Hán-Nôm : ninh
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|涕
|擰
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|涮
|擱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sroːns) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 刷 (OC *sroːd, *srod). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suàn • Middle-Chinese : srwaenH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : sannh
|to rinse clean; to swill • to scald thin slices of meat in boiling water (then immediately taken out) ‖ (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to scald thin slices of meat in boiling water (then immediately taken out)
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koh
|to place; to put; to lay down • to add • to hold; to contain • to delay • to bear; to stand; to endure
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|lay down • put down
|擱 (eum 각 (gak))
|place, put, lay down • delay
|Hán-Nôm : gác • Hán-Nôm : các
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|擱
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|擲
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deɡ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 鄭 (OC *deŋs). ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k • Middle-Chinese : drjek ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàn ‖  ‖
|to throw; to hurl; to cast; to fling ‖ (Hokkien) to throw; to hurl ‖ (Teochew) to throw; to hurl ‖ (Hakka) to throw; to hurl (especially something heavy)
| ‖ 擲(たたき) • (Tataki)
|abandon, throw away • hit, strike ‖ a surname
|擲 • (cheok) · 擲 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek)
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|Hán-Nôm : loát
|Hán-Nôm : trịch • Hán-Nôm : trạnh • Hán-Nôm : chệch • Hán-Nôm : sịch • Hán-Nôm : trệch • Hán-Nôm : xệch
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|涮
|擲
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|涵
|擺
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|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːlʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 罷 (OC *breːlʔ, *bral, *bralʔ). ‖ Zhao (1990) and Li (2005) consider this to be a Kra-Dai substrate word; compare Zhuang baez, Bouyei baiz, Lingao fɔi³.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : âm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâm • Middle-Chinese : hom • Middle-Chinese : homX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄞˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pái • Middle-Chinese : peaX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : baai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : páinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mái
|to soak; to wet • to tolerate; to forgive; to be lenient • to immerse • a culvert • Alternative form of 含 (“to contain, to bear”)
|to get rid of; to break free from; to push aside • to separate; to divide • to put; to place; to arrange • to put on; to assume (air); to display • (regional) to talk; to speak; to lay bare; to state clearly • to sway; to wave; to swing • pendulum • (neologism, slang) Short for 擺爛／摆烂 (bǎilàn, “to strive instead for shoddiness”). • (dialectal) malaria • (archaic) to scheme; to set up • (archaic) to wrap • Alternative form of 捭 (“to hit; to beat”) • a surname ‖ (Southern Min, Hakka, Malaysian Cantonese) Classifier for occurrences: time
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|涵 (eum 함 (ham))
|擺 (eum 파 (pa))
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|Hán-Nôm : hàm
|Hán-Nôm : bẫy • Hán-Nôm : bài • Hán-Nôm : bãi • Hán-Nôm : bay • Hán-Nôm : bãy • Hán-Nôm : bai • Hán-Nôm : báy
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|涵
|擺
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|淆
|擻
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢraːw) : semantic 水 + phonetic 肴 (OC *ɢraːw). \ An endopassive derivative of 交 (OC *kreːw), with initial voicing (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâu • Middle-Chinese : haew
|confused; in disarray; mixed up • (Cantonese) Short for 淆底.
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡˋ • Middle-Chinese : suwX
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|淆 (eum 효 (hyo))
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|Hán-Nôm : hào
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|淆
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|淋
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·rɯm, *ɡ·rɯms) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 林 (OC *ɡ·rɯm). \ Related to 霖 (OC *ɡ·rɯm, “long rain”). Wang (1982) considers this cognate with 淫 (OC *lɯm, “to soak; to drench”). Also compare Hokkien 啉 (lim, “to drink”) and Teochew 啉 (lim¹, “to drink”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·rɯm, *ɡ·rɯms) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 林 (OC *ɡ·rɯm). \ Related to 霖 (OC *ɡ·rɯm, “long rain”). Wang (1982) considers this cognate with 淫 (OC *lɯm, “to soak; to drench”). Also compare Hokkien 啉 (lim, “to drink”) and Teochew 啉 (lim¹, “to drink”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : lam⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîm • Middle-Chinese : lim ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lam⁴
|to pour; to drip; to dribble (liquid flowing down) • to flow (down) at great speed; to gush into • to drench; to soak; to wet through • to water; to sprinkle ‖ to filter; to strain • to make wine; to brew liquor • (traditional Chinese medicine) strangury; urinary urgency and pain on urination • (pathology) gonorrhoea (i.e. “dripping”)
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|drip • desolation • lonely
|淋 • (rim>im) · 淋 • (rim>im) (hangeul 림>임, revised rim>im, McCune–Reischauer rim>im, Yale lim>im)
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|Hán-Nôm : lấm • Hán-Nôm : lâm • Hán-Nôm : lầm • Hán-Nôm : lem • Hán-Nôm : rấm • Hán-Nôm : rướm
|Hán-Nôm : sú • Hán-Nôm : tẩu • Hán-Nôm : xỏ • Hán-Nôm : xổ • Hán-Nôm : số
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|淋
|擻
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|淌
|擾
| ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thóng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˇ
|to drip; to trickle; to flow down • to shed (tears) • Alternative form of 蹚 (tāng, “to ford; to wade”) • (dialectal) Classifier for blood over a surface. ‖ ^‡ large wave ‖ Only used in 淌游 (chǎngyóu, “(of water) wavy”).
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǎ • Middle-Chinese : nyewX
|to disturb; to trouble • (literary) confused; disordered • (polite) to receive money, goods or food; to enjoy hospitality
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|to disturb • troubled; turbulent • to become attached to • to make someone attached to
|擾 • (yo) · 擾 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
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|Hán-Nôm : nhiễu • Hán-Nôm : nhầu
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|Hán-Nôm : thảng
|擾
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|淌
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|淘
|攆
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'uː) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 匋 (OC *bl'uː).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo
|to wash in a container in order to remove impurities; to pan • (dialectal) to search for goods in an old market • to dredge; to clean out • to expend; to consume; to use up; to spend • (dialectal) naughty; mischievous • a surname
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|Cantonese · Jyutping : lin⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liàn
|to expel; to oust • (dialectal Mandarin, Jin) to chase after; to run after • (Teochew) to push with the hands • (Kinmenese Hokkien) to cut
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|淘 • (do) · 淘 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to)
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|Hán-Nôm : đào • Hán-Nôm : rào
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|淘
|-
|淚
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruds) : semantic 水 + phonetic 戾 (OC *rɯːds, *rɯːd). \ Often thought to be related to 泣 (OC *k-r̥əp, “to weep”) (Mei, 1980b; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). \ However, Schuessler (2007, 2015) finds this phonologically problematic. He instead proposes that 淚 (OC *r(i)uts) derives from 流 (OC *r(i)u, “to flow”) + *-t (suffix in nouns for naturally occurring things), literally "the things that are flowing". ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luī • Middle-Chinese : lwijH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ
|tear; teardrop • (literary) to weep; to cry ‖
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|tears
|Hán-Nôm : liễn
|淚 (eumhun 눈물 루 (nunmul ru), word-initial (South Korea) 눈물 누 (nunmul nu))
|hanja form of 루/누 (“tear”) • hanja form of 루/누 (“weep, cry”)
|Hán-Nôm : lệ • Hán-Nôm : lụy • Hán-Nôm : luỵ
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|淚
|攆
|-
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|淤
|攏
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qa, *qas) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 於 (OC *qaː, *qa).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːŋʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : u • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i • Middle-Chinese : 'jo • Middle-Chinese : 'joH
|Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : láng • Middle-Chinese : luwngX
|silt
|to gather together; to collect • (literary, or in compounds) to approach; to draw near to • to total; to add up; to amount to • to comb; to brush (hair, mane, etc.) • (archaic) to pick; to pluck (strings on an instrument) • (Southern Min, Zhao'an Hakka) all; both • (Sichuanese) to arrive • a surname: Long
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|淤 (eum 어 (eo))
|collect • bring together
|攏 • (rong>nong) · 攏 • (rong>nong) (hangeul 롱>농, revised rong>nong, McCune–Reischauer rong>nong, Yale long>nong)
|press down • stroke • bind • harmonize with • berth, tie up • comb • soothe
|Hán-Nôm : long
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|Hán-Nôm : ứa
|攏
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|淤
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|淨
|攔
| ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 淨 – see 埩 (“moat around the gate of the capital of ancient state of Lu”). \ (This character is a variant form of 埩).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːn) : 手 (“hands”) + 闌.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsīng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsīnn • Middle-Chinese : dzjengH ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ânn • Middle-Chinese : lan
|clean; unspoilt • (Cantonese) pure; with nothing else • to clean; to cleanse • finished; with nothing left • (of an amount) net • only; merely; nothing but • (Cantonese) Alternative form of 剩 (“to be left; to remain”) • all; all the time • (opera) painted-face role ‖ to chase • to drive away; to chase away
|to obstruct; to impede; to bar; to hinder • to face
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|淨 • (jeong) · 淨 • (jeong) (hangeul 정)
|攔 • (ran>nan) · 攔 • (ran>nan) (hangeul 란>난, revised ran>nan, McCune–Reischauer ran>nan, Yale lan>nan)
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|Hán-Nôm : gianh • Hán-Nôm : tạnh • Hán-Nôm : tĩnh • Hán-Nôm : tịnh
|Hán-Nôm : dan • Hán-Nôm : dang • Hán-Nôm : dàn • Hán-Nôm : lan • Hán-Nôm : đan
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|
|淨
|攔
|-
|-
|淮
|攘
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷriːl) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 隹 (OC *tjul) \ Yang (1999) suggests a derivation from the bird (隹) totem worship of the Huaiyi that inhabited the Huai river basin.
| ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄞˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâi • Middle-Chinese : hweaj
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄤˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiáng • Middle-Chinese : nyang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiáng • Middle-Chinese : nyangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄤˋ • Middle-Chinese : nyangH
|(～河) Huai River • a surname
|to repel; to expel • to steal; to snatch • to invade; to seize by force • (alt. form 纕／𬙋) to pull up the sleeves • (alt. form 禳) to pray or offer sacrifices to avert disaster ‖ to throw into disorder; to disturb ‖ Original form of 讓／让 (ràng, “to yield; to give in”).
|
|
|
|
|淮 (eum 회 (hoe))
|攘 (eum 양 (yang))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hoài • Hán-Nôm : choài
|Hán-Nôm : nhương
|
|to capture, obtain • to give chase, to expel • to eliminate
|淮
|攘
|-
|-
|淳
|攙
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djun) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 𦎧 ().
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zrɯːm, *sʰraːm) : semantic 手 + phonetic 毚 (OC *zrɯːm, *zraːm).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn • Middle-Chinese : dzywin
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsham • Middle-Chinese : dzream • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaem
|(of taste) thick • honest • a surname
|to stab; to insert • sharp • to mix; to blend; to adulterate • to support by the arm • to take by force; to seize
| ‖ 淳(あつし) or 淳(じゅん) or 淳(きよし) • (Atsushi or Jun or Kiyoshi)
|pure ‖ a male given name
|淳 • (sun, jun) · 淳 • (sun, jun) (hangeul 순, 준, revised sun, jun, McCune–Reischauer sun, chun, Yale swun, cwun)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thuần
|give helping hand
|攙 (eum 참 (cham))
|to give a helping hand • to support, hold up
|Hán-Nôm : sọm
|
|
|淳
|攙
|-
|-
|淹
|攜
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷeː) : phonetic 巂 () + semantic 扌 (“hand”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hê • Middle-Chinese : hwej
|to carry; to bear • to take along; to take somebody by the hand • to lead by hand • to co-operate; hand in hand • King Xie of the Zhou dynasty
|
|
|Cantonese · Jyutping : jim¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : im • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iam • Middle-Chinese : 'jem • Middle-Chinese : 'jaemH
|Original form of 携
|to soak; to flood; to drown; to submerge • (of skin) to be tingling from sweat • (literary) wide; deep; thorough • (literary) to stay; to stop over; to be detained • (literary) to delay; to take a long time • (literary) slow; sluggish
|
|
|dip • soak • immerse • stop • linger
|淹 • (eom) · 淹 • (eom) (hangeul 엄, revised eom, McCune–Reischauer ŏm, Yale em)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : yêm • Hán-Nôm : êm • Hán-Nôm : im • Hán-Nôm : ươm
|Hán-Nôm : huề
|
|
|淹
|攜
|-
|-
|淺
|攣
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlenʔ, *ʔsleːn) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlenʔ, *ʔsleːn) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn).
| ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshián • Middle-Chinese : tshjenX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsen
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luān • Middle-Chinese : ljwen ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lyun¹
|shallow; not deep • superficial; surface; minimal; insignificant • simple; easy-to-understand • not intimate; distant • (of colours) light; pale • (of time) short; not long • (of level) slight; light ‖ Only used in 淺淺／浅浅 (qiǎnqiǎn, “gurgle; babble of running water”).
|to spasm and become curled, unable to be stretched ‖ (Cantonese) curved; curly; twisted • (Cantonese) to curve; to bend • (Cantonese, slang) homosexual; not straight
|
|
|
|
|淺 • (cheon) · 淺 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen)
|攣 • (ryeon>yeon) · 攣 • (ryeon>yeon) (hangeul 련>연, revised ryeon>yeon, McCune–Reischauer ryŏn>yŏn, Yale lyen>yen)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thiển • Hán-Nôm : sẻn • Hán-Nôm : tiên
|Hán-Nôm : loang • Hán-Nôm : luyên
|
|
|淺
|攣
|-
|-
|渝
|攤
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lo) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːnʔ, *naːns) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 難 (OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːnʔ, *naːns) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 難 (OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yu
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : than • Middle-Chinese : than ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : nanX • Middle-Chinese : nanH
|to change • to go against; to be contrary to • to overflow • to take off; to remove • Short for 重慶／重庆 (Chóngqìng, “Chongqing”). • a surname
|to spread something out; to lay out • stand, stall or table where goods are exhibited and sold • to distribute; to share (responsibility) • to cook by flattening and frying a batter or paste • to befall; to encounter (something undesirable) • (Cantonese) to lie down • (Cantonese) to let something cool down • (Southern Min) Classifier for work, business, meals. ‖ to press
|
|
|open • broaden • apportion
|攤 • (tan) · 攤 • (tan) (hangeul 탄, revised tan, McCune–Reischauer t'an, Yale than)
|spread out, open • apportion
|Hán-Nôm : nặn • Hán-Nôm : nắn • Hán-Nôm : than • Hán-Nôm : thán
|
|
|渝 (eum 투 (tu))
|攤
|-
|攪
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kruːʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 覺 (OC *kruːɡs, *kruːɡ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kruk (“rouse; awaken; disturb”). Cognate with 學 (OC *ɡruːɡ, “to learn; to study”), 覺 (OC *kruːɡs, *kruːɡ, “to awaken”), Tibetan དཀྲོག (dkrog, “to agitate; to rouse”), Tibetan འཁྲུག་པ ('khrug pa, “to be disturbed; to quarrel”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ká • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiauh • Middle-Chinese : kaewX
|to disturb; to annoy • to mix; to stir
| ‖
|to disturb ‖
|攪 • (gyo) · 攪 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : du
|Hán-Nôm : giao
|
|
|渝
|攪
|-
|-
|渠
|攫
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡa) : semantic 水 (“water”) + abbreviated phonetic 榘 (OC *kʷaʔ). \ ; “ditch; canal; drain” ‖ Attested since 4th to 5th century CE, preserved in many central and southern dialects (Schuessler, 2007). See 佢 and 伊.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷaɡ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 矍 (OC *kʷaɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : gjo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : gjo
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwok³ • Middle-Chinese : kjwak
|ditch; canal; drain; man-made channel (Classifier: 條／条 m c) • (literary) big; huge • a surname ‖ (literary or dialectal) third-person pronoun; he; she; it
|(of animals) to grab using claws • to grab; to snatch; to seize
|
|
|
|渠 (eum 거 (geo))
|abduct
|攫 (eum 확 (hwak))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cừ • Hán-Nôm : gừa • Hán-Nôm : khờ • Hán-Nôm : cự
|Hán-Nôm : quắc
|
|
|渠
|攫
|-
|-
|渣
|攬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraː) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 查 (OC *ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːmʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 覽 (OC *ɡ·raːmʔ) – to grasp with the hand.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tse • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsee • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa • Middle-Chinese : tsrae
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lám • Middle-Chinese : lamX
|dregs; lees; sediment • fragment; particle; piece; scrap; crumb • Alternative form of 喳 • Used in transcription of foreign names in Cantonese. • a surname: Zha
|to grasp, to take hold of • to monopolize; to control • to pick; to gather • to take on; to adopt • (Cantonese, Gan, Min) to hug; to embrace in the arms • (Cantonese) fitting (tube connector)
|
|
|dregs
|渣 (eum 사 (sa))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tra
|攬 • (ram>nam) · 攬 • (ram>nam) (hangeul 람>남, revised ram>nam, McCune–Reischauer ram>nam, Yale lam>nam)
|
|
|渣
|Hán-Nôm : lãm
|
|攬
|-
|-
|渤
|敍
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːd) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 勃 (OC *bɯːd)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pu̍t • Middle-Chinese : bwot
|(～海) Bohai Sea • (literary) surging; swelling
|
|
|
|
|渤 • (bal) · 渤 • (bal) (hangeul 발, revised bal, McCune–Reischauer pal, Yale pal)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bọt • Hán-Nôm : bột
|
|
|渤
|-
|渦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kloːl, *qloːl) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Middle-Chinese : 'wa ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwo¹ • Middle-Chinese : kwa
|whirlpool; eddy; vortex • something shaped like a whirlpool; indentation; concavity ‖ Guo River (a river in Henan and Anhui, China) • a surname
| ‖ 渦(か) • (ka) ^(←くわ (kwa)?) ‖ 渦(うず) • (uzu) ^(←うづ (udu)?)
| ‖ eddy, swirl, whirlpool, vortex ‖ eddy, swirl, whirlpool, vortex
|渦 (eumhun 소용돌이 와 (soyongdori wa)) ‖ 渦 (eumhun 강 이름 과 (gang ireum gwa))
|hanja form of 와 (“whirlpool; eddy; vortex”) ‖ hanja form of 과 (“name of a river”)
|Hán-Nôm : oa
|
|
|渦
|敍 • (seo) · 敍 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tự
|
|敍
|-
|-
|温
|敖
|An unorthodox variant simplified from 溫 (𥁕 → 昷) which can be found in various historical dictionaries. \ Eventually adopted as an official form by the People's Republic of China in 1965 based on the Xin Zixing (新字形) standardized form of characters.
|Originally 𫠤, a pictogram (象形) depicting a person with a headress. 攴 was later added to emphasize action, making it a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) . Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 出 (“leave”) + 放 (“release”) ‖ Originally 𫠤, a pictogram (象形) depicting a person with a headress. 攴 was later added to emphasize action, making it a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) . Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 出 (“leave”) + 放 (“release”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Middle-Chinese : ngaw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngōo
|(literary) Original form of 遨 (áo, “to ramble; to play about”). • to tease; to joke; to flirt with • to make an uproar • someone who has not assumed the throne, and thus has no posthumous name, due to dying early • four-chi-high dog • Original form of 廒 (áo, “granary”). • Alternative form of 螯 (áo, “pincer; nipper; claw”) • Alternative form of 熬 (“to cook on slow fire; to boil”) • (historical) An ancient place in the northwest of today Xingyang, Henan. • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 傲 (“haughty; arrogant; conceited”)
|
|
|play • be proud
|敖 (eum 오 (o))
|
|
| ‖ 温(おん) • (on) ^(←をん (won)?) ‖ 温(おん) • (On) ^(←をん (won)?)
|Hán-Nôm : ngào
|warm ‖ warm ‖ a male given name
|
|
|
|敖
|Hán-Nôm : ồn • Hán-Nôm : ổn • Hán-Nôm : ôn
|Variant of 溫 • lukewarm
|温
|-
|-
|渲
|敝
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beds, *bed) : phonetic 㡀 () + semantic 攴.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pè • Middle-Chinese : bjiejH
|(polite) my; our • (literary) worn-out; shabby; tattered • (literary) decayed; corrupted • tired; fatigued • to fail; to be defeated • to break; to destroy • Alternative form of 弊 (bì, “fault; defect; drawback”) • Alternative form of 蔽 (bì, “to cover; to shield; to deceive”)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hyun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun³ • Middle-Chinese : sjwenH
|
|
|敝 (eum 폐 (pye))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tệ
|
|
|渲 (eum 선 (seon))
|敝
|-
|数
|Unorthodox variant of 數, attested since Ming dynasty. Simplified from 數 (婁 → 娄).
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : huyên • Hán-Nôm : huyến • Hán-Nôm : tuyễn
|
|
|渲
| ‖ 数(かず) • (kazu) ‖ 数(すう) • (sū) ‖ 数(すう) • (sū-)
| ‖ number; amount ‖ (mathematics) number ‖ several
|数 (eumhun 셀 수 (sel su))
|Alternative form of 數 (“hanja form of 수 (“number”)”)
|canonical : 数: Hán Việt readings: số 数: Nôm readings: số • canonical : sổ • canonical : sộ • canonical : sỗ • canonical : xọ
|Alternative form of 數
|数
|-
|-
|游
|斂
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lu) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 斿 (OC *lu). \ From Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with Tibetan རྒྱུ་བ (rgyu ba, “to walk; to wander”), Lepcha ᰚᰪᰌᰦ (yŭ-da, “to flow”), Rawang yø (“to flow”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Same word as 遊 (OC *lu, “to roam; to travel”). Cognate with 流 (OC *ru, “to flow”), 泅 (OC *lju). Probably unrelated to 油 (OC *lɯw, “abundant”), 滺 (“flowing”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams) : phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam) + semantic 攴.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iû • Middle-Chinese : yuw
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liám • Middle-Chinese : ljemX • Middle-Chinese : ljemH
|to swim • reach; part of a river • a surname
|to draw back; to fold back • to collect • 35th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "gathering" (𝌨)
|
|
|to float • to swim
|tighten, stiffen
|游 • (yu) · 游 • (yu) (hangeul 유)
|斂 • (ryeom>yeom) · 斂 • (ryeom>yeom) (hangeul 렴>염, revised ryeom>yeom, McCune–Reischauer ryŏm>yŏm, Yale lyem>yem)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : du
|Hán-Nôm : kiếm • Hán-Nôm : liễm • Hán-Nôm : liệm
|
|
|游
|斂
|-
|-
|渺
|斃
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mewʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 眇 (OC *mewʔ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beds, *bed) : phonetic 敝 (OC *beds, *bed) + semantic 死 (“death”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : miu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biáu • Middle-Chinese : mjiewX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pè • Middle-Chinese : bjiejH
|(of water) vast; boundless; endlessly long; expansive • (alt. form 眇) tiny; insignificant • vague; indistinct; uncertain • the number 10⁻¹¹
|to fall down; to collapse • to drop dead; to die; to perish; to be killed • (colloquial) to kill with a gun (especially for execution) • to be defeated • (colloquial) to cancel (a show, etc.); to reject
|
|
|
|
|渺 • (myo) · 渺 • (myo) (hangeul 묘, revised myo, McCune–Reischauer myo, Yale myo)
|斃 • (pye) · 斃 • (pye) (hangeul 폐, revised pye, McCune–Reischauer p'ye, Yale phyey)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : miểu • Hán-Nôm : diễu • Hán-Nôm : diệu • Hán-Nôm : giẻo
|Hán-Nôm : tệ • Hán-Nôm : tễ
|
|
|渺
|斃
|-
|-
|湃
|斐
| ‖  
| ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phài • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pài • Middle-Chinese : pheajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˊ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei² • Middle-Chinese : phj+jX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˇ
|Used in 澎湃 and 湃湃, etc. ‖ (Mandarin) to soak something in cold water to cool • (obsolete) to bury something in ice to cool
|(literary) brilliant; magnificent • Used in transcription. ‖ a surname
|
|brilliant; magnificent
|斐 • (bi) · 斐 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|
|
|sound of waves
|Hán-Nôm : phỉ
|湃 (eum 배 (bae))
|sound of waves • turbulent
|Hán-Nôm : phái
|
|
|湃
|斐
|-
|-
|湘
|斡
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slaŋ) : semantic 水 + phonetic 相 (OC *slaŋ, *slaŋs).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʷaːd) : phonetic 倝 (OC *kaːns) + semantic 斗.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Siong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Siang • Middle-Chinese : sjang
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua̍t • Middle-Chinese : 'wat
|(～江, ～水) Xiang River, an affluent of Dongting Lake • Short for 湖南 (Húnán, “Hunan, a province of China.”). • Xiang; Xiang Chinese
|to revolve; to spin; to rotate • a surname: Wo • (Southern Min, Taiwanese Hakka) to change direction; to turn • (Hokkien) Classifier for bends, curves or turns. • (Hokkien) curved; crooked; bent • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to safeguard; to shield; to back; to stick up for
|
|
|go around • rule • administer
|斡 (eumhun 돌 알 (dol al))
|hanja form of 알 (“spin”)
|Hán-Nôm : oát • Hán-Nôm : quản
|
|
|湘 (eumhun 강 이름 상 (gang ireum sang))
|斡
|-
|斫
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tương
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsioh • Middle-Chinese : tsyak
|(literary) to hack; to chop
|
|
|湘
|-
|湧
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 勇 (OC *loŋʔ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : íng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng • Middle-Chinese : yowngX
|(of water) to spring up from below • to rush out like water; to gush • (Southern Min) wave
|
|
|(of water) to spring up from below
|斫 (eum 작 (jak))
|湧 (eum 용 (yong))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : rụng • Hán-Nôm : dộng • Hán-Nôm : dũng
|Hán-Nôm : chước • Hán-Nôm : trác
|
|
|湧
|斫
|-
|-
|溉
|断
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : koi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kài • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khài • Middle-Chinese : kj+jH • Middle-Chinese : kojH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ
|to water, irrigate, flood • to wash • (Sichuanese) river-front road/path ‖ Only used in 沆溉.
|
|
|
|
|溉 • (gae) · 溉 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ngấy
| ‖ 断(だん) • (dan)
|sever, chop off • interrupt • refuse, decline, abstain from ‖ refuse, decline
|
|
|溉
|-
|溜
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·rus) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 留 (OC *m·ru, *m·rus) – name of a river. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·rus) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 留 (OC *m·ru, *m·rus) – name of a river.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liū • Middle-Chinese : ljuwH
|to slide; to glide; to slip • to sneak off; to sneak away; to escape • to pilfer; to steal; to snatch • to fawn on; to curry favour with; to flatter • to heat up slightly • (alt. form 熘) (cooking) to add starch and quickly fry under high heat • expressive suffix appended to adjectives, often used in the reduplicated form 溜溜 • (literary, or in compounds) slippery ‖ (～水) archaic name for the Liu River in modern-day Guangxi Province • (of water or other liquids) to flow downwards; to drip; to dribble • water drop or water stream • Alternative form of 霤 (liù, “eavesdrop; part of the eaves where rainwater drips down; eaves gutter”) • swift current; rapids • (of water) rapid; swift and violent • (of an action) quick; swift; speedy; prompt • to shoot a glance at; to cast a sidelong glance at • Alternative form of 遛 (“to stroll; to saunter”) • to summon; to call for; to send for • Classifier for objects arranged in lines, rows or strings. • surroundings; neighborhood • (dialectal) to daub; to plaster
|
|
|collect • gather
|溜 • (ryu>yu) · 溜 • (ryu>yu) (hangeul 류>유, revised ryu>yu, McCune–Reischauer ryu>yu, Yale lyu>yu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lưu • Hán-Nôm : lựu • Hán-Nôm : rượu
|
|
|溜
|断
|-
|-
|溝
|旌
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koː) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 冓 (OC *koː, *koːs). \ Possibly the k-prefix noun of 漏 (OC *roːs, “to leak”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖  ‖  ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsleŋ) : semantic 㫃 + phonetic 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kio • Middle-Chinese : kuw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄡˋ ‖  ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : kau¹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Middle-Chinese : tsjeng
|ditch; trench; channel (artificial or natural) (Classifier: 條／条 m; 道 m) • trench (military) • gully; valley • groove; rut; furrow (Classifier: 道 m) • a numeral that refers to 10³² or others ‖ Only used in 溝瞀／沟瞀 (kòumào, “ignorant”). ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 摳／抠 (“to mix”) ‖ (chiefly Cantonese) to pick up; to hit on
|banner or flag adorned with feathers • to make clear • to recognize; to distinguish • to honor officially; to commend
| ‖ 溝(こう) • (kō) ‖ 溝(こう) • (kō) ‖ 溝(うなて) • (unate) ‖ 溝(せせなぎ) • (sesenagi) ^(←せせなき (sesenaki)?) ‖ 溝(せせなげ) • (sesenage) ‖ 溝(みぞ) • (mizo) ‖ 溝(みぞ) • (Mizo) ‖ 溝(みぞさき) • (Mizosaki)
| ‖ ditch, channel • groove, furrow ‖ [from 17th c.] a hundred nonillion, equivalent to 10³² ‖ (agriculture) irrigation ditch ‖ channel with rainwater, sewage or other dirty water • Synonym of せせらぎ (seseragi) ‖ Synonym of 溝 (sesenagi) ‖ ditch • groove, furrow • gap between different opinions or emotions; disagreement ‖ a surname ‖ a surname
|溝 • (gu) · 溝 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : câu
|
|
|溝
|旌 (eum 정 (jeong))
|-
|溢
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *liɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 益 (OC *qleɡ, “to increase”) – overflowing liquid.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ioh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍t • Middle-Chinese : yit
|to overflow; to brim over • to flood • to be full of; to be brimming with • excessive; excessively • to exceed • vigorous • An ancient unit of capacity. • Alternative form of 鎰／镒 (yì, “An ancient unit of weight.”) • Alternative form of 佾 (yì, “row of dancers”) • (Hokkien) to surge; to gush; to rise • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to vomit due to overeating, sickness, etc. • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to rock; to sway; to shake • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to lightly sway • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to be shaken, shocked, jolted (similar to lakewater)
| ‖ 溢(いつ) • (itsu)
|to overflow ‖ overflow • excessive
|
|
|flood
|Hán-Nôm : tinh
|canonical : 溢: Hán Việt readings: dật 溢: Nôm readings: dật • canonical : ải
|
|
|溢
|旌
|-
|-
|溯
|旎
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sòo • Middle-Chinese : suH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei⁵ • Middle-Chinese : nrjeX
|to go upstream; to go against a current • to trace back; to recall
|Used in 旖旎 (yǐnǐ). • Used in 旎旎.
|
|
|
|
|溯 • (so, sak) · 溯 • (so, sak) (hangeul 소, 삭, revised so, sak, McCune–Reischauer so, sak, Yale so, sak)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tố
|
|
|溯
|Hán-Nôm : nể • Hán-Nôm : nỉ
|-
|滇
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːn, *tʰiːns, *diːn) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 真 (OC *ʔljin). ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Tian • Middle-Chinese : ten ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tin⁴ • Middle-Chinese : den • Middle-Chinese : thenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǐnn
|(～池) Lake Dian (lake near Kunming, Yunnan, China) • (～國) (historical) Dian Kingdom • Short for 雲南／云南 (Yúnnán). • a surname ‖ Only used in 滇滇 and 滇㴐. ‖ A river in Henan ‖ (Min) full • (Southern Min, of water) to rise
| ‖ 滇(てん) • (Ten)
|Lake Dian ‖ (historical) Dian Kingdom
|滇 (eumhun 성할 전 (seonghal jeon)) ‖ 滇 (eumhun 고을 이름 진 (go'eul ireum jin))
| ‖
|Hán-Nôm : điền • Hán-Nôm : chan • Hán-Nôm : tràn • Hán-Nôm : dàn • Hán-Nôm : giàn
|
|
|滇
|旎
|-
|-
|滔
|旖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qral, *qralʔ) : semantic 㫃 + phonetic 奇 (OC *kral, *ɡral).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : í • Middle-Chinese : 'je • Middle-Chinese : 'jeX
|Only used in 旖旎 (yǐnǐ).
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho • Middle-Chinese : thaw
|to flood; to inundate; to overflow • to surge; to swell • rushing water; torrent • (literary) arrogant; prideful
|
|
|
|
|滔 (eum 도 (do))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thao • Hán-Nôm : thào
|Hán-Nôm : ỷ
|
|
|滔
|旖
|-
|-
|滯
|旧
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dads) : semantic 水 + phonetic 帶 (OC *taːds). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thì • Middle-Chinese : drjejH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tù ‖
|stagnant; sluggish • to hold back; to stay (to hinder); to encumber; to impede • to lag; to be held back; to stagnate · to accumulate; to be unable to circulate; to cease flowing • to lag; to be held back; to stagnate · to be late in payments; to be in arrears; to be overdue • to lag; to be held back; to stagnate • (Cantonese, of the stomach) bloated; uncomfortably full; stuffed ‖ (Taiwanese Hokkien) to be stopped up; to be blocked ‖
|
|
|
|
|滯 (eum 체 (che))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : sệ • Hán-Nôm : chề • Hán-Nôm : trẹ • Hán-Nôm : trệ • Hán-Nôm : trễ • Hán-Nôm : dải • Hán-Nôm : đái • Hán-Nôm : đáy • Hán-Nôm : trề • Hán-Nôm : xễ
| ‖ 旧(きゅう) • (kyū) ^(←きう (kiu)?) ‖ 旧(きゅう) • (kyū-) ^(←きう (kiu)?)
| ‖ old things, original state, former state, old times • the old calendar based on a lunar system ‖ paleo-, ex-, old, previous, former
|
|
|
|滯
|-
|滿
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moːnʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 㒼 (). \ ; “Manchu” \ ; “Classifier for occurrences of events”
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buán • Middle-Chinese : manX
|full; filled; packed • full; complete • whole; entire • fully; completely • to fill; to cause to be full • to reach the limit; to expire • to satisfy; satisfied; contented • arrogant; conceited • quite; so; very • (～族) Manchu people • a surname: Man • (Hakka) Classifier for occurrences of events.
|
|
|full • fullness • enough • satisfy
|滿 (eumhun 찰 만 (chal man))
|hanja form of 만 (“full”)
|Hán-Nôm : mãn • Hán-Nôm : mởn • Hán-Nôm : mớn
|
|
|滿
|旧
|-
|-
|漓
|昼
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rel) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 离 (OC *rel, *r̥ʰel).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Middle-Chinese : lje
|(literary) unkind; shallow • Used in 淋漓 (línlí). • Alternative form of 醨 (lí, “dilute wine”) • Alternative form of 離／离 (“to depart from; to deviate from”)
|
|
|
|
|漓 • (ri>i) · 漓 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lầy
| ‖ 昼(ひる) • (hiru) ‖ 昼(ちゅう) • (chū) ^(←ちう (tiu)?)
| ‖ the daytime • 午: the noon, midday • Short for 昼ご飯 (hiru gohan) or 昼飯 (hirumeshi): lunch • the heyday or peak period of something ‖ day, daytime • noon, midday
|
|
|漓
|-
|漬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zeɡs) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ). This character's phonetic itself has a phonetic, 朿 (MC tshjeH).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsù • Middle-Chinese : dzjeH
|to steep; to soak • to be soiled; to be stained • stain
|
|
|soaking, steeping, pickling, pickle
|漬 • (ji) · 漬 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tí • Hán-Nôm : tứ
|
|
|漬
|昼
|-
|-
|漱
|晉
| ‖ Compare Hokkien 摖 (chhòe, chhè).
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 臸 (“to arrive”) + 日 (“sun”) \ The I Ching relates it to 進／进 (jìn)https://ctext.org/book-of-changes/jin, whose etymology is unknown (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Middle-Chinese : srjuwH • Middle-Chinese : suwH ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìn • Middle-Chinese : tsinH
|to gargle; to rinse • to wash; to scour ‖ (Teochew) to brush • (Teochew) brush (tool)
|to advance; to increase • to promote • (～國) Chinese feudal state of Jin (11th century BCE–376 BCE), a state of the Zhou Dynasty in northern China • (～朝) Chinese Jin dynasty (266–420) • 35th hexagram of the I Ching (䷢) • Alternative name for 山西 (Shānxī, “Shanxi”). • (～語) Jin (a variety of Chinese spoken in and around Shanxi) • a surname
|
|
|gargle; wash; rinse
|to proceed • Jin dynasty
|漱 • (su) · 漱 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|晉 (eumhun 나아갈 진 (naagal jin))
|hanja form of 진 (“advance, increase”)
|Hán-Nôm : tấn • Hán-Nôm : tắn • Hán-Nôm : tớn
|
|
|晉
|-
|晏
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːns, *qraːns) : semantic 日 + phonetic 安 (OC *qaːn).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : aan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaan³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : àn • Middle-Chinese : 'anH • Middle-Chinese : 'aenH
|late; near the end of a period of time • late in the day • (Cantonese) lunch (Classifier: 餐 c) • sunny and cloudless • peaceful; tranquil; serene • a surname
| ‖ 晏(あん) • (an)
|late • quiet • sets (sun) ‖ late (of time) • peaceful; tranquil; calm; quiet
|晏 • (an) · 晏 • (an) (hangeul 안, revised an, McCune–Reischauer an, Yale an)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : yến
|
|
|漱
|晏
|-
|-
|漾
|晒
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋs) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 羕 (OC *laŋs)
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iāng • Middle-Chinese : yangH
|(of water) to ripple; to undulate • (of liquids) to overflow • (literary) to sway; to float; to be tossed by waves • (literary, of water) vast and long • name of a river
|
|
|
|
|漾 (eum 양 (yang))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : dạng
|bleach • expose
|
|
|
|漾
|-
|潘
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːn) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 番 (OC *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːn) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 番 (OC *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːn) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 番 (OC *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuan • Middle-Chinese : phan ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢ
|(obsolete or Min) water in which rice has been rinsed • a surname • Used in place names. • (Greek mythology) Pan ‖ (obsolete) whirlpool ‖ (obsolete, of water) to overflow
|
|
|water in which rice has been washed
|潘 • (ban, beon) · 潘 • (ban, beon) (hangeul 반, 번, revised ban, beon, McCune–Reischauer pan, pŏn, Yale pan, pen)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phan • Hán-Nôm : Phan
|晒
|chữ Hán form of Phan (“a surname”).
|潘
|-
|-
|潛
|晤
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zlom, *zloms) : semantic 水 + phonetic 朁 (OC *sʰlɯːmʔ, *zlam).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiâm • Middle-Chinese : dzjem • Middle-Chinese : dzjemH
|to go under water; to move under water • to hide; to conceal • to live in seclusion • to make a concentrated effort • hidden; secret • latent • secretly; stealthily • a surname
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gōo • Middle-Chinese : nguH
|to meet; to see • ^† Alternative form of 悟 (wù)
|
|
|潛 • (jam) · 潛 • (jam) (hangeul 잠, revised jam, McCune–Reischauer cham, Yale cam)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tiềm • Hán-Nôm : tèm • Hán-Nôm : tỉm
|晤 (eum 오 (o))
|
|
|潛
|Hán-Nôm : ngộ • Hán-Nôm : cữ
|
|晤
|-
|-
|潭
|晩
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːm, *lɯmʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 覃 (OC *l'ɯːm). \ A late Old Chinese southern word attested in Chuci. Probably a foreign loan; compare Proto-Kam-Sui *tʰlam¹ (“well; pond; pool”) (Thurgood, 1988). 塘 (OC *l'aːŋ, “embankment; pond”) is perhaps a variant of this word (Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, possibly related to 深 (OC *hljum, *hljums, “deep”). Burmese ထုံး (htum:, “large; pool”) differs in initial and vowel. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːm, *lɯmʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 覃 (OC *l'ɯːm). \ A late Old Chinese southern word attested in Chuci. Probably a foreign loan; compare Proto-Kam-Sui *tʰlam¹ (“well; pond; pool”) (Thurgood, 1988). 塘 (OC *l'aːŋ, “embankment; pond”) is perhaps a variant of this word (Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, possibly related to 深 (OC *hljum, *hljums, “deep”). Burmese ထုံး (htum:, “large; pool”) differs in initial and vowel. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːm, *lɯmʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 覃 (OC *l'ɯːm). \ A late Old Chinese southern word attested in Chuci. Probably a foreign loan; compare Proto-Kam-Sui *tʰlam¹ (“well; pond; pool”) (Thurgood, 1988). 塘 (OC *l'aːŋ, “embankment; pond”) is perhaps a variant of this word (Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, possibly related to 深 (OC *hljum, *hljums, “deep”). Burmese ထုံး (htum:, “large; pool”) differs in initial and vowel. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːm, *lɯmʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 覃 (OC *l'ɯːm). \ A late Old Chinese southern word attested in Chuci. Probably a foreign loan; compare Proto-Kam-Sui *tʰlam¹ (“well; pond; pool”) (Thurgood, 1988). 塘 (OC *l'aːŋ, “embankment; pond”) is perhaps a variant of this word (Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, possibly related to 深 (OC *hljum, *hljums, “deep”). Burmese ထုံး (htum:, “large; pool”) differs in initial and vowel.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâm • Middle-Chinese : dom ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˇ • Middle-Chinese : yimX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋ
|deep pool; lake • (dialectal) pit • (literary) deep; profound • (～州) Tan Prefecture • (～水) Liu River • a surname ‖ Only used in 潭濼／潭泺. ‖ (alt. form 潯／浔) waterside ‖ sound of hitting water
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|
|
|
|潭 • (dam) · 潭 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam, Yale tam)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đàm
| ‖ 晩(ばん) • (ban) ‖ 晩(ばん) • (-ban)
|evening, night • late ‖ evening • night ‖ nights, evenings
|晩 • (man) · 晩 • (man) (hangeul 만, revised man, McCune–Reischauer man, Yale man)
|
|
|潭
|canonical : 晩: Hán Việt readings: vãn 晩: Nôm readings: muộn • canonical : vãn
|chữ Hán form of vãn (“late, evening, late afternoon”). • Nôm form of muộn (“late, evening, late afternoon”). • Nôm form of vãn (“about to end, about to close, about to disappear”).
|晩
|-
|暈
|Originally a pictogram (象形) – the sun (日) surrounded by lines on all sides – halo. \ Now phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢuns) : semantic 日 (“Sun”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun). \ Same word as 運 (OC *ɢuns, “to revolve; to move”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more. ‖ Originally a pictogram (象形) – the sun (日) surrounded by lines on all sides – halo. \ Now phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢuns) : semantic 日 (“Sun”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun). \ Same word as 運 (OC *ɢuns, “to revolve; to move”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more. ‖ Originally a pictogram (象形) – the sun (日) surrounded by lines on all sides – halo. \ Now phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢuns) : semantic 日 (“Sun”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun). \ Same word as 運 (OC *ɢuns, “to revolve; to move”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : n̄g • Middle-Chinese : hjunH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣ • Middle-Chinese : hjunH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : n̄g
|(astronomy) halo (around the Sun or the Moon) • ring of light or colour, or a blurred area surrounding a luminous or coloured object; halo around a light or colour • blush; slight redness • ring-shaped pattern • bull's eye • to spread; to proliferate; to seep through • to apply (colour, especially makeup) ‖ to make one feel dizzy; to feel the head spinning; to have vertigo ‖ dizzy; giddy; lightheaded • to faint; to pass out; to black out; to swoon • (neologism, slang) to be overwhelmed (by something) and on the verge of passing out • (Sichuanese) to savour; to enjoy slowly and thoroughly
| ‖ 暈(かさ) • (kasa) ‖ 暈(うん) • (un) ‖ 暈(うん) • (un)
|blur, haze • mental haze or senility • intentional blurring or gradation ‖ halo (atmospheric phenomenon) ‖ halo (atmospheric phenomenon) ‖ halo (atmospheric phenomenon) • dizzy; giddy
|暈 (eumhun 무리 훈 (muri hun)) ‖ 暈 (eumhun 어지러울 운 (eojireoul un))
| ‖ hanja form of 운 (“halo”)
|canonical : 暈: Hán Việt readings: vựng • canonical : vận • canonical : quầng 暈: Nôm readings: vầng • canonical : vừng • canonical : quầng • canonical : vựng
|Nôm form of vầng, vừng (“ring; circle”). • Nôm form of quầng (“halo in the sky”).
|暈
|-
|-
|潰
|暉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡluːls) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 貴 (OC *kluds).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰul) : semantic 日 (“Sun”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kui² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huē • Middle-Chinese : hwojH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fai¹ • Middle-Chinese : xjw+j
|(of a dike or dam) to break; to burst; to overflow • to break through an encirclement • to be utterly defeated; to be routed • to decompose; to be destroyed • to fester; to ulcerate
|sunlight; sunshine
| ‖ 潰(かい) • (kai) ^(←くわい (kwai)?)
|
|burst • break • break down ‖ to crush; to smash
|light, shine
|潰 • (gwe) · 潰 • (gwe) (hangeul 궤, revised gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwe, Yale kwey)
|暉 (eumhun 빛 휘 (bit hwi))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hói • Hán-Nôm : hòi • Hán-Nôm : hội • Hán-Nôm : khùy • Hán-Nôm : khuỳ • Hán-Nôm : khụy • Hán-Nôm : khuỵ • Hán-Nôm : khủy • Hán-Nôm : khuỷ • Hán-Nôm : khũy • Hán-Nôm : khuỹ
|canonical : 暉: Hán Việt readings: huy 暉: Nôm readings: hoe • canonical : huy
|
|
|潰
|暉
|-
|-
|澈
|暨
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ded) : semantic 水 (“water”) + abbreviated phonetic 徹 (OC *tʰed)
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrɯds, *kɯds, *krɯd) : phonetic 既 (OC *kɯds) + semantic 旦 (“sunrise”). \ Maybe exopassive of 及 (jí) (Baxter 1992, apud Schuessler 2007). Schuessler considers relation to 迄 (qì, “to reach to”) and 既 (jì, “already”) less likely as the Middle Chinese vowels do not agree. \ Related to 訖／讫 (qì).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : theh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍t • Middle-Chinese : drjet
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kái • Middle-Chinese : gjijH
|(of liquid) clear; limpid • Alternative form of 徹／彻 (chè, “thorough”) • (Eastern Min, Leizhou Min, Hainanese, Hokkien) clean
|^‡ initial appearance of sunrise • (alt. form 臮) (literary) and; cum • (literary) to attain; to reach • a surname
|
|
|Alternative form of 曁.
|暨 • (gi) · 暨 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|
|
|澈 (eumhun 물 맑을 철 (mul malgeul cheol))
|Hán-Nôm : kị
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : triệt
|暨
|-
|暹
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 日 (“sun”) + 進 (“to advance”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siām • Middle-Chinese : sjem
|(of the sun) to rise • (historical) the Thai kingdom of Ayutthaya; later short for 暹羅／暹罗 (Xiānluó, “Siam”).
|
|
|澈
|-
|澎
| ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˊ • Middle-Chinese : phjaeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˊ • Middle-Chinese : baeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥ
|Only used in 澎湃 (pēngpài) and 澎濞 (pēngpì). ‖ Alternative form of 膨 (“expand”) ‖ to splatter
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|
|暹 • (seom) · 暹 • (seom) (hangeul 섬, revised seom, McCune–Reischauer sŏm, Yale sem)
|
|
|澎 • (paeng) · 澎 • (paeng) (hangeul 팽, revised paeng, McCune–Reischauer p'aeng, Yale phayng)
|Hán-Nôm : Xiêm
|(historical) Siam
|暹
|-
|曠
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷaːŋs) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 廣 (OC *kʷaːŋʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuìnn • Middle-Chinese : khwangH
|(obsolete) bright; clear • broad; vast; extensive • free from worries and petty ideas • distant (in time) • loose-fitting • to neglect; to skip (class or work); to waste (time) • a surname
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bành
|wide open space, void • worthless
|曠 • (gwang) · 曠 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, Yale kwang)
|extensive, wide, broad • empty
|Hán-Nôm : khoảng • Hán-Nôm : khoáng • Hán-Nôm : quãng • Hán-Nôm : thoáng
|
|
|澎
|曠
|-
|-
|澡
|曦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔslaːwʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 喿 (OC *saːws). \ Compare Mizo su, sûk (“to wash”), though the vowel in these forms do not correspond well with the Old Chinese form (Schuessler, 2007).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hŋral) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 羲 (OC *hŋral).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsáu • Middle-Chinese : tsawX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi • Middle-Chinese : xje
|(literary) to wash one's hands • to bathe; to wash
|(literary) sunshine; dawn sunlight • Alternative form of 羲 (xī)
|
|
|bathe; wash
|the sun
|澡 • (jo) · 澡 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
|曦 • (hui) · 曦 • (hui) (hangeul 희, revised hui, McCune–Reischauer hŭi, Yale huy)
|sunlight • sunshine • early dawn
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tảo
|
|
|澡
|曦
|-
|-
|澤
|曳
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rlaːɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 睪 (OC *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː).
|Possibly related to 抴 (OC *lebs, *led, “to pull”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Compare Zhuang yaez (“inferior”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Middle-Chinese : draek
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : è • Middle-Chinese : yejH ‖
|pool; pond • moist; damp • brilliance; luster; shine • beneficence; grace; favor • a surname
|to drag; to pull • (literary) to float in the wind; to sway • (obsolete) tired; fatigued ‖ (Cantonese) inferior; of poor quality • (Cantonese) naughty; ill-behaved; unruly
| ‖ 曳(えい) • (ei)
|drag, pull ‖ drag; pull
|曳 (eum 예 (ye))
|
|
|swamp
|Hán-Nôm : dấy
|澤 (eumhun 못 택 (mot taek))
|hanja form of 택 (“marsh”)
|Hán-Nôm : rạch • Hán-Nôm : trạch • Hán-Nôm : chích
|
|
|澤
|曳
|-
|-
|澳
|曷
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːɡs, *quɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 奧 (OC *quːɡs) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːɡs, *quɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 奧 (OC *quːɡs)
|Shuowen Jiezi: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːd) : phonetic 匃 () + semantic 曰 \ Cognate with 何 (OC *ɡaːl, “what; where; why; how”). See there for more.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : àu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ò • Middle-Chinese : 'awH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'juwk
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hot³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hot⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hat • Middle-Chinese : hat
|inlet of the sea where ships can anchor; bay • Short for 澳大利亞／澳大利亚 (Àodàlìyà).: Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as its precursor colony in the British Empire) • Short for 澳門／澳门 (Àomén, “Macau”). ‖ (alt. form 隩) riverbank where the river bends
|why; what; where; how; when
|
|
|
|curving shoreline • bend in river
|曷 • (gal) · 曷 • (gal) (hangeul 갈, revised gal, McCune–Reischauer kal, Yale kal)
|澳 • (o, uk) · 澳 • (o, uk) (hangeul 오, 욱, McCune–Reischauer o, uk, Yale o, wuk)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : áo • Hán-Nôm : úc
|Hán-Nôm : hạt • Hán-Nôm : hột
|
|
|澳
|曷
|-
|-
|濃
|朧
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *noŋ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 農 (OC *nuːŋ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-naːŋ (“heavy; thick, viscous”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːŋ, *roŋs) : semantic 月 (“moon”) + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ). \ Unlike most other characters with a 月 (yuè)-like component on the left, this character's 月 (yuè) is not the cursive form of 肉; 朦朧／朦胧 (ménglóng) was originally used in reference to the moon.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Middle-Chinese : nrjowng
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Middle-Chinese : luwng
|thick; concentrated • (of colors) deep • (of beverage) strong; concentrated
|(of moonlight) hazy; dim
| ‖ 濃(のう) • (nō) ‖ 濃(こ) • (ko-)
| ‖ 朧(おぼろ) • (oboro) -na (adnominal 朧(おぼろ)な (oboro na), adverbial 朧(おぼろ)に (oboro ni)) ‖ 朧(おぼろ) • (oboro) ‖ 朧(おぼろ) • (Oboro)
|dark • thick ‖ dark color ‖ dark color
|hazy, cloudy ‖ hazy, cloudy • uncertain, unreliable ‖ minced meat or seafood • Short for 朧昆布 (oboro-konbu): shredded kelp • Short for 朧豆腐 (oboro-dōfu): • Short for 朧饅頭 (oboro-manjū): steamed bun with the outer covering removed after steaming ‖ a female given name • a surname
|朧 (eumhun 흐릿할 롱 (heurithal rong), word-initial (South Korea) 흐릿할 농 (heurithal nong))
|hanja form of 롱/농 (“Used in 몽롱(朦朧) (mongnong)”)
|Hán-Nôm : lung • Hán-Nôm : lông
|
|
|朧
|-
|朮
|Pictogram (象形) . It is the original character of 秫. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seot⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seot⁶
|Original form of 秫 (shú, “glutinous millet; sorghum”). ‖ Used in compounds such as 白朮／白术 (báizhú), a type of herbal medicine.
| ‖ 朮(おけら) or 朮(オケラ) • (okera) ^(←をけら (wokera)?)
|a type of millet • a type of herb ‖ Atractylodes lancea
|朮 (eumhun 삽주 출 (sapju chul))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nùng • Hán-Nôm : nống • Hán-Nôm : nồng • Hán-Nôm : nông
|Hán-Nôm : thuật • Hán-Nôm : truật
|
|
|濃
|朮
|-
|-
|濟
|机
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsliːlʔ, *ʔsliːls) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls). \ Austroasiatic. Base form, without nominal n-infix, of 西 (OC *snə̂i) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for etymology. \ 津 (OC *ʔslin) is its n-nominalized derivative (ibid.). ‖  ‖ Yue-Hashimoto (1976) relates it to Proto-Tai *ʰlaːjᴬ (“many; much”), whence Zhuang lai. This Tai word is probably related to 多 (OC *ʔl'aːl) (Schuessler, 2007).
| ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsè • Middle-Chinese : tsejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsè • Middle-Chinese : tsejX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tserē
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei² • Middle-Chinese : kjij • Middle-Chinese : kjijX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei² • Middle-Chinese : kjij • Middle-Chinese : kjijX
|to cross a river; to ferry • to help; to aid; to relieve • to be of help; useful ‖ (～水) Ji River • Used in 濟濟／济济 (jǐjǐ, “horde of people; multitude”). ‖ (Min) many; much
|Alternative form of 几 (“small table; stool”) • alder • a surname ‖ chopping board
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 済
|desk, table
|濟 (eumhun 건널 제 (geonneol je))
|机 • (gwe) · 机 • (gwe) (hangeul 궤, revised gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwe, Yale kwey)
|hanja form of 제 (“to help; to aid; to relieve”) • (literary) hanja form of 제 (“to cross a river”) • (literary) hanja form of 제 (“many”)
|desk
|canonical : 濟: Hán Việt readings: tế 濟: Nôm readings: tế
|Hán-Nôm : cơ
|chữ Hán form of tế (“to help; to aid; to relieve”).
|
|濟
|机
|-
|-
|瀑
|杆
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 暴 (OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 暴 (OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːns) : semantic 木 + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn). ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : buk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pho̍k • Middle-Chinese : buwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pō • Middle-Chinese : bawH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : kanH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuainn
|waterfall ‖ heavy rain • (～河) (river in Henan province)
| ‖ pole; staff; rod (Classifier: 根 m)
|
|
|waterfall, cascade
|shield • pole
|瀑 • (pok, po) · 瀑 • (pok, po) (hangeul 폭, 포, revised pok, po, McCune–Reischauer p'ok, p'o, Yale phok, pho)
|杆 • (gan) · 杆 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan, Yale kan)
|waterfall, cascade • heavy rain
|pole • shaft of spear
|Hán-Nôm : bộc
|
|
|瀑
|-
|灌
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːns) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuàn • Middle-Chinese : kwanH
|to fill (with liquid); to pour • to irrigate; to water • to record (music) • (Taiwan) to install (software)
|
|
|to pour
|杆
|灌 • (gwan) · 灌 • (gwan) (hangeul 관)
|pour • water • irrigate, flood
|Hán-Nôm : quán
|
|灌
|-
|-
|灶
|杞
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 火 (“fire”) + 土 (“soil”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsòo • Middle-Chinese : tsawH
|kitchen range • kitchen • (Chinese folk religion) kitchen god
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kí • Middle-Chinese : khiX
|Salix integra • wolfberry • a kind of tree • a small feudal state (Qi), founded in Henan during the Shang Dynasty
|
|
|
|
|杞 • (gi) · 杞 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : táo • Hán-Nôm : bếp
|Hán-Nôm : khởi • Hán-Nôm : kỷ
|
|
|灶
|杞
|-
|-
|灸
|条
|
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiù • Middle-Chinese : kjuwX • Middle-Chinese : kjuwH
|cauterize with moxa or mugwort • moxibustion
| ‖ 灸(きゅう) • (kyū) ^(←きう (kiu)?) ‖ 灸(やいと) • (yaito) ^(←やいと (yaito)?)
| ‖ moxibustion ‖ Same as above.
|灸 • (gu) · 灸 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|(뜸) moxibustion
|Hán-Nôm : cứu
|
|
|灸
| ‖ 条(くだり) • (kudari) ‖ 条(じょう) • (jō) ^(←でう (deu)?)
|-
| ‖ paragraph ‖ article in a document
|灼
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pljewɢ) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 勺 (OC *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsioh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Middle-Chinese : tsyak
|to burn; to scorch • to broil; to roast • to cauterize • bright; shining; luminous • Used in 灼然 (zhuórán, “obvious; clear”).
|
|
|
|
|灼 • (jak, sa) · 灼 • (jak, sa) (hangeul 작, 사, revised jak, sa, McCune–Reischauer chak, sa, Yale cak, sa)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : chước
|
|
|灼
|条
|-
|-
|炒
|来
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰroːʔ) : semantic 火 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : caau² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsháu • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaewX
|to stir fry; to sauté • (slang) to sack; to fire (short for 炒魷魚／炒鱿鱼 (chǎo yóuyú)) • (originally Cantonese) to speculate in • (Hong Kong Cantonese, of machines) to crash • (Hong Kong Cantonese) to perform badly (in a test or exam) • (Hong Kong Cantonese, transitive, in matches or competitions) to win (someone)
|
|
|
|
|炒 • (cho) · 炒 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : sao • Hán-Nôm : xào • Hán-Nôm : xáo
| ‖ 来(らい) • (rai-) ‖ 来(らい) • (-rai) ‖ 来(らい) • (rai) ‖ 来(らい) • (Rai) ‖ 来(く) • (ku) intransitive ^†-ko
| ‖ next..., coming... ‖ since..., in... ‖ coming, arriving • coming, approaching, passing • from (some point in the) past to present • coming in time ‖ a surname, especially of those descended from swordsmiths arriving from Goryeo around the mid-Kamakura period ‖ (archaic, obsolete) to come (approach one’s position from a remote location, specifically towards the speaker) • (archaic, obsolete) to go (to a direction or place far from the speaker but near the listener) • (archaic, suffixed to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of a verb) to gradually begin to [verb]
|
|
|
|炒
|-
|炕
|Compare Burmese ကင် (kang, “to roast, toast”). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khòng • Middle-Chinese : khangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄤ • Middle-Chinese : xang
|kang; heatable brick bed • (dialectal) to bake or dry by the heat of a fire; to toast • Alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “to raise; to lift”) ‖ (obsolete) to open
|
|
|the brick-bed in northern China
|炕 • (hang) · 炕 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang, Yale hang)
|hypocaust • hypocaust floor
|canonical : 炕: Hán Việt readings: kháng
|
|
|炕
|来
|-
|-
|炫
|杳
|Related to 熒 (OC *ɡʷeːŋ) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 木 (“tree”) + 日 (“sun”) - dark. Compare 杲 (gǎo, “bright”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiān • Middle-Chinese : hwenH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : miu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu² • Middle-Chinese : 'ewX
|to show off; to boast • to shine; to dazzle • to puzzle • bravery
|dim; dark; gloomy • indistinct; distant • quiet; secluded • vast; expansive • to disappear
| ‖ 杳(よう) • (yō) ^(←えう (eu)?)^†-tari (adnominal 杳(よう)とした (yō to shita) or 杳(よう)たる (yō taru), adverbial 杳(よう)と (yō to) or 杳(よう)として (yō to shite))
| ‖ dark and indistinct; unclear
|杳 • (myo, yo) · 杳 • (myo, yo) (hangeul 묘, 요, revised myo, yo, McCune–Reischauer myo, yo, Yale myo, yo)
|
|
|shine • glitter • show off • flaunt
|Hán-Nôm : diểu • Hán-Nôm : yểu
|炫 (eum 현 (hyeon))
|shine • glitter • show off • flaunt
|canonical : 炫: Hán Việt readings: huyễn
|
|
|炫
|杳
|-
|-
|炬
|杵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaʔ) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 巨 (OC *ɡaʔ).
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋ̊ʰjaʔ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 午 (OC *ŋaːʔ, “pestle”) – a wooden pestle. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kîr • Middle-Chinese : gjoX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thú • Middle-Chinese : tsyhoX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : thír
|torch • candle
|pestle • baton used to beat clothes • (Northeastern Mandarin) to stand (straight like a post) ‖ (Singapore Hokkien and Teochew) Alternative form of 悇
| ‖
| ‖
|炬 • (geo) · 炬 • (geo) (hangeul 거, revised geo, McCune–Reischauer kŏ, Yale ke)
|
|
|canonical : 炬: Hán Việt readings: cự
|
|
|炬
|杵 (eum 저 (jeo))
|-
|炮
|Characters in the same phonetic series (勹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰruːs, *bruː) : semantic 火 + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː). ‖  ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : paau³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phauh • Middle-Chinese : phaewH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : baew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baau¹
|large gun; cannon; artillery • firecracker • (Cantonese, colloquial) gun (Classifier: 支 c; 條／条 c) • (xiangqi) cannon • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to talk big ‖ (historical) to wrap hirsute meat with mud and roast it on fire • (by extension) to roast; to burn • (traditional Chinese medicine) to prepare herbal medicine by roasting or parching • Alternative form of 庖 (páo, “chef”) ‖ (cooking) to quick-fry (meat); to sauté • to dry by heat
|
|
|sear • roast, burn
|Hán-Nôm : ngỏ
|炮 • (po) · 炮 • (po) (hangeul 포)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : pháo • Hán-Nôm : than • Hán-Nôm : bác • Hán-Nôm : bào
|杵
|
|炮
|-
|-
|炸
|杷
| ‖  
| ‖  
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsèe ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsia̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshia
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pêe • Middle-Chinese : bae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˋ • Middle-Chinese : baeH • Middle-Chinese : beaH
|to explode; to burst • to blow up; to bomb • (colloquial) to fly into a rage ‖ to fry in oil; to deep-fry
|a surname ‖ handle (a part of an object which is held in the hand)
|
|
|
|
|炸 • (jak) · 炸 • (jak) (hangeul 작)
|杷 • (pa) · 杷 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tạc
|Hán-Nôm : bà • Hán-Nôm : ba
|
|
|炸
|杷
|-
|-
|為
|枇
|Characters in the same phonetic series (爲) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Simplified from 爲. \ In the oracle bone script, it is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 又 (“hand”) + 象 (“elephant”) — a hand holding an elephant. The 又 later became 爪 (“hand; claw”). \ Shuowen Jiezi interprets the character as a representation of the female macaque. \ The two pronunciations below (“to make; to do; to be”, “for; to; because”) are cognate; the latter is the *–s derivative of the former. Words meaning “to make, to do” often have secondary meanings of “for, as” – compare 作. \ Etymology not certain. Starostin compared this word with Tibetan བགྱིད (bgyid, “to make, to manufacture”), བགྱི་བ (bgyi ba, “action, deed”), ཡིན (yin, “is, be”) and Burmese ဝေ (we, “to distribute, to share”). Schuessler (2007) listed *ʔaajh (“to give”) (> Khmer ឲ្យ (ʼaoy, “to give, to donate”)) and Khmer ធ្វើ (thvəə, “to do, to make”), although the vowels do not match. \ The graphic representation using a monkey or an elephant probably stems from a homophonic or near-homophonic etymon which was rarely attested; compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b/g-woj-n > Jingpho woi (“monkey”) and possibly 猿 (OC *ɢʷan, “ape”). STEDT considers this word to be a possible descendant of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-gwi(j) (“elephant”). Outside Sino-Tibetan, compare Proto-Vietic *-vɔːj (“elephant”) > Vietnamese voi (“elephant”). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (爲) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Simplified from 爲. \ In the oracle bone script, it is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 又 (“hand”) + 象 (“elephant”) — a hand holding an elephant. The 又 later became 爪 (“hand; claw”). \ Shuowen Jiezi interprets the character as a representation of the female macaque. \ The two pronunciations below (“to make; to do; to be”, “for; to; because”) are cognate; the latter is the *–s derivative of the former. Words meaning “to make, to do” often have secondary meanings of “for, as” – compare 作. \ Etymology not certain. Starostin compared this word with Tibetan བགྱིད (bgyid, “to make, to manufacture”), བགྱི་བ (bgyi ba, “action, deed”), ཡིན (yin, “is, be”) and Burmese ဝေ (we, “to distribute, to share”). Schuessler (2007) listed *ʔaajh (“to give”) (> Khmer ឲ្យ (ʼaoy, “to give, to donate”)) and Khmer ធ្វើ (thvəə, “to do, to make”), although the vowels do not match. \ The graphic representation using a monkey or an elephant probably stems from a homophonic or near-homophonic etymon which was rarely attested; compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b/g-woj-n > Jingpho woi (“monkey”) and possibly 猿 (OC *ɢʷan, “ape”). STEDT considers this word to be a possible descendant of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-gwi(j) (“elephant”). Outside Sino-Tibetan, compare Proto-Vietic *-vɔːj (“elephant”) > Vietnamese voi (“elephant”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *piʔ, *bi, *bis) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 比 (OC *piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *piʔ, *bi, *bis) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 比 (OC *piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *piʔ, *bi, *bis) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 比 (OC *piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uî • Middle-Chinese : hjwe ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uī • Middle-Chinese : hjweH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tî • Middle-Chinese : bjij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Middle-Chinese : pjijX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Middle-Chinese : bjijH
|to do; to make • to administer; to govern • to construct; to make • to become; to turn into • to be (equivalent to, equal to) • to take something as • to act as; to serve as; to behave as • by • Suffix used after a single-character adjective to form an adverb • Suffix used after a single-character adverb for emphasis ‖ for • because of • for the sake of • (literary) to
|Only used in 枇杷 (pípá). • (Southern Min) Classifier for clusters. ‖ Alternative form of 匕 (bǐ, “a kind of inplement for eating”) ‖ Alternative form of 篦 (“fine-toothed comb; to comb with a fine-toothed comb”)
| ‖ 為(い) • (i) ^(←ゐ (wi)?) ‖ 為(い) • (i) ^(←ゐ (wi)?)
| ‖ the twelfth string on a 箏 (koto, “Japanese zither”) • a fingering method for playing the 尺八 (shakuhachi, “Japanese endblown flute”) ‖ do, perform, carry out
|為 (eumhun 할 위 (hal wi))
|Alternative form of 爲 (“to do; act”)
|Hán-Nôm : vi • Hán-Nôm : vị • Hán-Nôm : vĩ
|
|
|為
|-
|烏
|Pictogram (象形) – a bird. Compare 鳥 (“bird”), of similar development. \ ; “crow; black; dark” \ : Schuessler (2007) considers it to be onomatopoeic, and compares it with Proto-Loloish *akᴸ (“crow”). \ : “Black; dark” is a semantic extension of “crow” – “black as a crow”. Compare 黑 (OC *hmlɯːɡ, “black”), which is cognate with 墨 (OC *mlɯːɡ, “ink”). \ ; “sun” \ ; interrogative pronoun
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Middle-Chinese : 'u
|crow; raven; rook • (obsolete, metonymically) sun • (literary or in compounds or Hakka, Min) black; dark • (literary) to dye black • (literary) An interrogative pronoun with a variety of meanings, including "how", "why", "where", etc. • Short for 烏克蘭／乌克兰 (Wūkèlán, “Ukraine”). • a surname
| ‖ 烏(う) • (u)
| ‖ crow; raven • black; dark • (figuratively) sun • A Chinese interrogative for rhetorical questions.
|烏 • (o) · 烏 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o) ‖  ‖ 烏(がらすぃ) (garasï)
|hanja form of 오 (“crow”) ‖ 烏 \  • 烏 \  ‖ crow, raven
|Hán-Nôm : ô
|
|
|烏
|枇 • (bi) · 枇 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|-
|烘
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Middle-Chinese : huwng • Middle-Chinese : xuwng • Middle-Chinese : huwngH • Middle-Chinese : xuwngH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : hung⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung³
|(literal) to bake; to roast • (literal) to dry by fire or heat • (figurative) to set off; to play up; to showcase; to highlight ‖ (Cantonese) mark of different colour, especially one that is due to contact with other objects
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tì
|
|
|烘 • (hong) · 烘 • (hong) (hangeul 홍, revised hong, McCune–Reischauer hong, Yale hong)
|枇
|
|Hán-Nôm : hồng
|
|烘
|-
|-
|烙
|枢
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːɡ) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ). \ Compare Thai คลอก (klɔ̂ɔk, “to burn”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ From Hokkien 落 (làu).
|Simplified from 樞 (區 → 区).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍k • Middle-Chinese : lak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˋ
|to brand; to mark on livestock with hot metallic object • to iron • to pan-fry • to burn; to cauterize ‖ (Taiwanese Mandarin) to show off (one's abilities in a language)
|
|
|
|
|烙 • (rak>nak) · 烙 • (rak>nak) (hangeul 락>낙)
|to burn • to brand
|Hán-Nôm : lạc
|
|
|烙
|door hinge • pivot • center of power
|-
|烤
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰluːʔ) : semantic 火 + phonetic 考 (OC *kʰluːʔ). \ Originally 熇.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haau¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khó
|to roast; to bake; to toast • to dry using fire • to heat oneself up
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : khảo • Hán-Nôm : khão
|枢
|-
|枸
|Characters in the same phonetic series (句) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo). \ ; “bent; crooked” ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (句) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo). \ ; “bent; crooked” ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (句) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo). \ ; “bent; crooked” ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (句) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo). \ ; “bent; crooked”
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kió • Middle-Chinese : kuwX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kí • Middle-Chinese : kjuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kio • Middle-Chinese : kuw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ
|Only used in 枸杞 (gǒuqǐ) and 枸骨. ‖ Hovenia sp. (probably Hovenia acerba) • Alternative form of 蒟 (jǔ, “betel; Piper betle”) ‖ crooked; bent • intertwined roots ‖
|
|
|烤
|-
|烹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pqʰraːŋ) : phonetic 亨 (OC *qʰaŋʔ, *pqʰraːŋ, *qʰraːŋ) + semantic 灬.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phng
|to boil; to cook • (historical) to boil somebody alive (a punishment in imperial China) • to forge; to smelt • (cooking) to fry quickly in hot oil and stir in sauce • to brew; to infuse
|
|
|boil, simmer
|枸 • (gu) · 枸 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|烹 • (paeng) · 烹 • (paeng) (hangeul 팽, revised paeng, McCune–Reischauer p'aeng, Yale phayng)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cẩu • Hán-Nôm : cù • Hán-Nôm : cử
|
|
|烹 (phanh, phừng)
|枸
|烹
|-
|-
|焊
|柚
|
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lɯwɢs, *l'ɯwɢ) : semantic 木 (“tree; wood”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw). ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hon⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hon² • Cantonese · Jyutping : hon⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hān • Middle-Chinese : xanX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iū • Middle-Chinese : yuwH ‖  ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuī ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iû ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : drjuwk
|to weld; to solder
|pomelo ‖ (Yong'an and Sanyuan Central Min) pomelo ‖ (Zhangzhou Hokkien, Hua'an Shehua) pomelo ‖ teak ‖ (weaving) reed
|
| ‖ 柚(ゆ) • (yu) ‖ 柚(ゆ) • (Yu) ‖ 柚(ゆう) • (yū) ^(←いう (iu)?) ‖ 柚(ゆう) • (Yū) ‖ 柚(ゆず) or 柚(ユズ) • (yuzu) ‖ 柚(ゆず) • (Yuzu) ‖ 柚(ゆい) • (Yui) · 柚(ゆざき) • (Yuzaki) · 柚(ゆずさき) • (Yuzusaki) · 柚(ゆに) • (Yuni)
|
|citron ‖ (possibly obsolete) yuzu (Citrus junos) ‖ a surname ‖ (possibly obsolete) yuzu (Citrus junos) ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ Alternative spelling of 柚子 (“yuzu”) ‖ a female given name ‖ a female given name • a surname • a surname • a female given name
|柚 • (yu, chuk) · 柚 • (yu, chuk) (hangeul 유, 축, revised yu, chuk, McCune–Reischauer yu, ch'uk, Yale yu, chwuk)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : dâu • Hán-Nôm : dữu
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|
|Hán-Nôm : hàn • Hán-Nôm : hãn
|柚
|
|焊
|-
|-
|焚
|柩
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 火 (“fire”) + 林 (“trees”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hûn • Middle-Chinese : bjun
|to burn
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau⁶ • Middle-Chinese : gjuwH
|coffin which contains a corpse
| ‖
| ‖
|柩 (eumhun 널 구 (neol gu))
|coffin
|Hán-Nôm : cữu
|
|
|焚 (eumhun 불사를 분 (bulsareul bun))
|柩
|hanja form of 분 (“burn”)
|Hán-Nôm : phàn • Hán-Nôm : phần • Hán-Nôm : phừng
|
|焚
|-
|-
|焰
|柯
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loms) : phonetic 臽 (OC *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms) + semantic 火 (“fire”)
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːl) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). \ Same word as 牁 (OC *kaːl, “mooring post for a boat”) and related to 軻 (OC *kʰaːl, *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls, “a pair of wheels upon an axle tree”); perhaps related to 幹 (OC *kaːns, “stem, support”) but distinct from 竿 (OC *kaːn, “pole”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iānn • Middle-Chinese : yemH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kua • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kho • Middle-Chinese : ka ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kua ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kua
|flame
|(literary) axe handle • (literary) stalk; branch • a surname • Short for 柯爾克孜／柯尔克孜 (kē'ěrkèzī, “Kyrgyz (the people, language, etc.)”). • Lithocarpus; stone oak ‖ (Hokkien, of fruits, vegetable, etc.) fibrous; stringy; tough; withered • (Teochew) dry; dried up; unmoist • (Hokkien) lost one's youthfulness; old ‖ (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) copper coin • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) yuan (unit of currency)
|
|flame • blaze • glowing • blazing
|焰 (eumhun 불꽃 염 (bulkkot yeom))
|hanja form of 염 (“flame; blaze; glowing”)
|Hán-Nôm : diệm • Hán-Nôm : diễm • Hán-Nôm : diêm • Hán-Nôm : dim
|
|
|焰
|-
|煌
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaːŋ) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 皇 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). \ Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Burmese လွင် (lwang, “vivid”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ 皇 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “royal”) may be the same word (ibid.). \ It may be related to 光 (OC *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs, “light; bright”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007). Wang (1982) additionally relates it to 景 (OC *kraŋʔ, “bright; sunlight”), 鏡 (OC *kraŋs, “mirror”), 晃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋʔ, “bright”), 曠 (OC *kʰʷaːŋs, “bright”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : hwang
|bright; brilliant
|
|
|bright • glittering • gleaming
|柯 • (ga) · 柯 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka, Yale ka)
|煌 • (hwang) · 煌 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
|
|
|canonical : 煌: Hán Việt readings: hoàng
|Hán-Nôm : kha
|
|
|煌
|柯
|-
|-
|煞
|査
|Alternative form of 殺／杀. \ From 殺／杀 (shā). ‖ Alternative form of 殺／杀. \ From 殺／杀 (shā).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat • Middle-Chinese : sreat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saat³
|Alternative form of 殺／杀 (“to kill”) • to stop; to halt • to weaken; to reduce • to tighten • (Northern Wu) to satisfy; to quench (esp. a desire) • (Hokkien) to end; to conclude; to terminate; to finish • (Hokkien) to stop and give up; to abandon; to leave it be; to leave it at that • (Hokkien) to prevent; to restrain; to suppress; to hold back • (Hokkien) unexpectedly; surprisingly; instead • (Hokkien) how; how can it be that (used in rhetorical questions) • (Mainland China Hokkien) at once; immediately • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to be wounded by evil spirits • (Taiwanese Hokkien) demon; fiend; devil ‖ evil spirit; demon • very • (literary) what • (obsolete) although
|
|
|
|
|煞 • (sal) · 煞 • (sal) (hangeul 살, revised sal, McCune–Reischauer sal, Yale sal)
|
|
|canonical : 煞: Hán Việt readings: sát
|
|
|煞
|investigate, inspect
|-
|査 (eumhun 조사할 사 (josahal sa))
|煤
|hanja form of 사 (“investigate, inspect”)
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯː) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 某 (OC *mɯʔ). \ Sino-Tibetan. Schuessler (2007) proposes two possibilities: \ * Cognate with Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔ-mu² (“soot; acrid (smoke)”). If related, a merger of Minimal Old Chinese *ə with *o must have occurred. \ * Cognate with Mizo mang (maŋᴿ), man (manᴸ, “sooty”), Mizo mang (maŋᴴ, “partially burnt wood”). \ 文 (OC *mɯn) may be a derivation with -n nominal suffix. 黑 (OC *hmlɯːɡ, “black”) may be an allofam. Unrelated to 晦 (OC *hmɯːs, “dark”) according to Schuessler (2007).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : mui⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buê • Middle-Chinese : mwoj
|coal (Classifier: 塊／块 m c; 嚿 c) • ^† dust of smoke; soot • ^† ink
| ‖ 煤(すす) • (susu) ‖ 煤(ばい) • (bai)
| ‖ soot (fine particles of amorphous carbon and tar) • sooted dirt or dust accumulated in ceilings, walls, etc. • Short for 煤色 (susuiro): a shade of black as in the color of soot ‖ soot • coal
|煤 (eumhun 그을음 매 (geueureum mae))
|hanja form of 매 (“soot”)
|Hán-Nôm : môi • Hán-Nôm : muồi • Hán-Nôm : mai
|
|
|煤
|-
|煽
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljen, *hljens) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 扇 (OC *hljen, *hljens).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siàn • Middle-Chinese : syen • Middle-Chinese : syenH
|to fan; to invigorate fire • to incite; to instigate; to provoke
|
|
|(literal) to fan; to flap • (figurative) to agitate; to stir up • to incite; to provoke; to instigate • to flatter
|査
|煽 (eumhun 부칠 선 (buchil seon))
|hanja form of 선 (“to fan”)
|canonical : 煽: Hán Việt readings: phiến 煽: Nôm readings: phiến
|chữ Hán form of phiến (“fanning flames”).
|煽
|-
|-
|熄
|栩
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slɯɡ) : semantic 火 + phonetic 息 (OC *slɯɡ)
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷaʔ, *ɢʷaʔ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 羽 (OC *ɢʷaʔ, *ɢʷas). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sit • Middle-Chinese : sik
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hí • Middle-Chinese : xjuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Middle-Chinese : hjuX
|to extinguish (light or fire); to go out • (Cantonese) to turn off; to switch off
|oak • vivid • a surname ‖ Only used in 栩陽／栩阳.
|
|
|cessation, disappearance, extinction
|熄 • (sik) · 熄 • (sik) (hangeul 식, revised sik, McCune–Reischauer sik, Yale sik)
|put out, extinguish • quash
|Hán-Nôm : tức • Hán-Nôm : tắt
|
|
|熄
|-
|熔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loŋ) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 容 (OC *loŋ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iûnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iônn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâunn
|to melt by heat; to turn solid into liquid by heat
|
|
|melt, fuse
|熔 • (yong) · 熔 • (yong) (hangeul 용, revised yong, McCune–Reischauer yong, Yale yong)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : dong • Hán-Nôm : dung • Hán-Nôm : nung
|Hán-Nôm : hủ
|
|
|熔
|栩
|-
|-
|熙
|桀
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlɯ) : phonetic 巸 (OC *lɯ) + semantic 灬 (“fire”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlɯ) : phonetic 巸 (OC *lɯ) + semantic 灬 (“fire”).
|In Chu slips, Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrad) : phonetic 匄 (OC *kaːds) + semantic 木. In the modern script, 匄 has corrupted into 舛. \ According to Schussler (2007), 桀 (OC *ɡrad) and 傑 (OC *ɡrad) are the same word meaning "outstanding > hero"; insides Sinitic, it is cognate to 朅 (OC *kʰrad, “martial”); outsides Sinitic, it is related to either Mizo hrât (“valiant, resolute”) or Tibetan གྱད (gyad, “strength; champion, athlete”). \ STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gjat (“hero, champion”) for 傑 (OC) ~ 桀 (OC *ɡrad) and གྱད (gyad). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi • Middle-Chinese : xi ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : git⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kia̍t • Middle-Chinese : gjet ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ke̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ke̍eh ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe̍eh
|bright; splendid; glorious ‖ a surname.
|chicken roost • Jie of Xia, an ancient emperor • fierce; brutal; cruel • to lift; to raise; to shoulder; to bear • Alternative form of 傑／杰 (jié, “outstanding; hero”) ‖ (Hokkien) to be not in harmony; to be incompatible; to be contrary • (Hokkien) to impede; to obstruct; to hinder • (Mainland China and Philippine Hokkien) to get stuck; to wedge • (Mainland China Hokkien) to contradict (people) • (Xiamen Hokkien) hard to get along with others ‖ (Hokkien) to have estrangement; to be in conflict with each other (often reduplicated) • (Xiamen Hokkien) to hit something • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to have a crack (of a jar, vat, etc.)
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|
|
|bright; prosperous; merry
|桀 (eum 걸 (geol))
|熙 • (hui) · 熙 • (hui) (hangeul 희, revised hui, McCune–Reischauer hŭi, Yale huy)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hây • Hán-Nôm : hy • Hán-Nôm : hi
|Hán-Nôm : kiệt
|
|
|熙
|桀
|-
|-
|熬
|桅
|From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ŋaw (“to fry; to roast”); cognate with Tibetan རྔོ (rngo, “to fry”), Chepang ङाव्सा (ŋaw, “to fry; to parch; to roast”), Tangut 𗲔 (*ŋur¹, “pancake”) (STEDT; Benedict, 1972; Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007; Jacques, 2014). ‖  
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krolʔ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 危 (OC *ŋrol). ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gôo • Middle-Chinese : ngaw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uî • Middle-Chinese : ngwoj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˇ • Middle-Chinese : kjweX
|to cook something on slow fire; to extract something using heat • (figurative) to endure • a surname: Ao ‖ to stew (vegetables, etc.) in water; to boil; to simmer
|mast (of a ship) • (suburban Nanjing Mandarin) sail ‖ short spear
|
|
|parch • roast
|熬 (eum 오 (o))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ngao
|
|
|熬
|-
|燈
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tɯːŋ) : semantic 火 (“candlelight”) + phonetic 登 (OC *tɯːŋ). \ ; to jinx
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄣ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ting • Middle-Chinese : tong
|lamp; light; lantern (for illumination) (Classifier: 盞／盏 m c h; 眼 c; 支 mn) • lamp (for heating) • (Hong Kong Cantonese) traffic lights (Classifier: 支 c) • (Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism) to jinx; to make incorrect predictions • (Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism) tending to jinx
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ngôi
|
|
|燈 (eumhun 등 등 (deung deung))
|桅
|hanja form of 등 (“lamp, lantern, light”)
|Hán-Nôm : đăng
|
|燈
|-
|-
|燒
|桓
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hŋjew, *hŋjaws) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw). \ From 蕘 (OC *ŋjew, “firewood; fuel”) with causative devoicing (Schuessler, 2007).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaːn) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 亘 ()
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siau • Middle-Chinese : syew • Middle-Chinese : syewH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huân • Middle-Chinese : hwan
|to burn • to heat up; to make warm • to burn; to corrode • to roast; to grill; to braise • to stew after frying, or to fry after stewing • to cook (food) • (of a fuse) to blow • (medicine) to have a fever; to run a temperature • (medicine) fever; temperature • (colloquial) bigheaded; conceited and forgetting oneself due to having too many resources (money etc.) • (dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Hakka, Jin) boiling hot; scalding hot • (Hakka, Northern Min, Southern Min, Malaysian and Singapore Mandarin) hot; having a high temperature (distinguished from 熱／热, which describes weather) • (Cantonese) to set off (firecrackers, fireworks, etc.) • (Cantonese, electronics) to burn out • (Sichuanese) to smoke • (Sichuanese) to trick; to deceive • (Sichuanese) to ridicule; to roast • (Internet slang) to cause flaming; to cause controversy • (Mainland China, Internet slang) Alternative form of 騷／骚 (sāo, “flirty; provocative”)
|Chinese soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi) • (obsolete) pillar used as a signpost • mighty; martial; large • Used in 盤桓／盘桓 (pánhuán). • a surname
|
|
|burn • grill
|燒 (eumhun 불사를 소 (bulsareul so))
|hanja form of 소 (“burn; fire”)
|Hán-Nôm : thiêu • Hán-Nôm : thiếu • Hán-Nôm : thiu • Hán-Nôm : sao
|
|
|燒
|桓 • (hwan) · 桓 • (hwan) (hangeul 환, revised hwan, McCune–Reischauer hwan, Yale hwan)
|-
|營
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷeŋ) : abbreviated phonetic 熒 (OC *ɡʷeːŋ) + abbreviated semantic 宮 (“palace”), depicting a person working all night with a light on his house.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng • Middle-Chinese : yweng
|encampment; barracks • (military) battalion • camp; activity; event • to encamp • to build; to construct • to operate; to run • to manage; to handle • to seek for; to seek • to measure
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 営
|Hán-Nôm : hoàn
|營 (eumhun 경영할 영 (gyeong'yeonghal yeong))
|hanja form of 영 (“encampment; barracks”) • hanja form of 영 (“to manage; to operate”) • hanja form of 영 (“to build; to construct”)
|Hán-Nôm : dinh • Hán-Nôm : doanh
|
|
|營
|桓
|-
|-
|燭
|桿
|Compare Tibetan དུགས་པ (dugs pa, “to make warm, to warm, to light”) and Burmese တောက် (tauk, “to shine, to illuminate, to make fire”) (Hill, 2019).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːnʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 旱 (OC *ɡaːnʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Middle-Chinese : tsyowk
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gon¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gon² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gon³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuáinn
|candle; taper • to shine; to illuminate • (Taiwanese Hokkien) candlepower (unit)
|pole; stick; club; rod • lever; handle • shaft; barrel • Classifier for long, cylindrical objects, such as guns.
| ‖ 燭(しょく) • (shoku) ‖ 燭(しょく) • (-shoku)
| ‖ a light (source of illumination) • a candlepower ‖ a candlepower
|燭 • (chok) · 燭 • (chok) (hangeul 촉)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : chúc • Hán-Nôm : đuốc
|stick
|桿 • (han) · 桿 • (han) (hangeul 한, revised han, McCune–Reischauer han, Yale han)
|
|
|燭
|canonical : 桿: Hán Việt readings: can • canonical : hãn 桿: Nôm readings: cán
|Nôm form of cán (“handle”).
|桿
|-
|-
|爐
|梃
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raː) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 盧 (OC *b·raː). Originally written 盧, see there for more.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : lu
|fireplace, stove, oven, furnace
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ting⁵ • Middle-Chinese : dengX
|a club • a stalk • straight
|
|
|爐 (eumhun 화로 로 (hwaro ro), word-initial (South Korea) 화로 노 (hwaro no))
|bar, pole • lever
|hanja form of 로/노 (“fireplace, stove, oven, furnace”)
|梃 • (jeong) · 梃 • (jeong) (hangeul 정)
|Hán-Nôm : lô
|
|
|爐
|Hán-Nôm : đỉnh
|-
|爬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *braː) : semantic 爪 + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː). \ Cognate with 匍 (OC *baː).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : paa⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pêe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâ • Middle-Chinese : bae
|to crawl; to creep • to climb; to ascend; to get up • to scramble • (Sichuanese or Internet slang, dismissal, derogatory or self-deprecatory) to leave; to get out
|
|
|to scratch • to crawl; to creep
|梃
|爬 • (pa) · 爬 • (pa) (hangeul 파)
|
|Hán-Nôm : ba • Hán-Nôm : bò • Hán-Nôm : bà
|
|爬
|-
|-
|爭
|梓
|Pictogram (象形) – two hands on a plowshare. \ ; "to dispute; to fight; to contend; to strive" \ ; "to lack; to owe" ‖ Pictogram (象形) – two hands on a plowshare. \ ; "to dispute; to fight; to contend; to strive" \ ; "to lack; to owe"
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsɯʔ) : semantic 木 (“wood; tree”) + abbreviated phonetic 宰 (OC *ʔsɯːʔ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsenn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Middle-Chinese : tsreang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zang³
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsú • Middle-Chinese : tsiX
|to dispute; to fight • to contend • to strive • (dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Jin, dialectal Min, Southern Wu) to lack; to be missing; still have; remaining • (Cantonese) to have a difference (expressed in conjunction with terms of physical distance) • (Ürümqi Mandarin) argumentative • (Ürümqi Mandarin) to open up • (dialectal) to owe • (Wanrong Mandarin) because; due to; so that • (Wanrong Mandarin) capable • (Suzhounese, Dongguan Cantonese) to argue for the sake of arguing • (Wenzhounese) different • (Jinhua Wu) to have reservations • 25th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "contention" (𝌞) • why, how ‖ ^† Original form of 諍／诤 (zhèng, “to admonish”).
|yellow catalpa or Chinese catalpa (Catalpa ovata) • craftsman who produces wooden items • hometown • printing block • a surname
| ‖ 梓(あずさ) or 梓(アズサ) • (azusa) ^(←あづさ (adusa) or アヅサ (adusa)?) ‖ 梓(あずさ) • (Azusa) ^(←あづさ (adusa)?) ‖ 梓(し) • (shi) ‖ 梓(し) • (shi)
| ‖ Synonym of 夜糞峰榛 (yoguso minebari): the Japanese cherry birch, Betula grossa • Synonym of 木豇豆, 楸 (kisasage): the yellow or Chinese catalpa, Catalpa ovata • Synonym of 赤芽柏 (akame-gashiwa): the Japanese mallotus, Mallotus japonicus • a block used for printing (as it was originally made from the wood of the Chinese catalpa) • Short for 梓弓 (azusa yumi): a bow made from the wood of the Japanese cherry birch; a small musical bow used to summon spirits • Short for 梓巫女 (azusa miko): a 巫女 (miko, “unmarried female medium”) who summons spirits by sounding the string of an azusa yumi (short musical bow) • (theater) in noh, the swift, drummed accompaniment to the entrance recitative of a medium ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ a block used for printing (as it was originally made from the wood of the Chinese catalpa) ‖ catalpa • printing block • printing
|梓 • (jae) · 梓 • (jae) (hangeul 재, revised jae, McCune–Reischauer chae, Yale cay)
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 争
|Hán-Nôm : tử
|爭 (eumhun 다툴 쟁 (datul jaeng))
|hanja form of 쟁 (“dispute; fight”)
|Hán-Nôm : tranh • Hán-Nôm : tránh • Hán-Nôm : giành
|
|
|爭
|梓
|-
|-
|爸
|梟
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːs, *baʔ) : semantic 父 (“father”) + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː). \ Colloquial form of 父 (OC *baʔ, “father”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *p/ba (“male; father”).
|From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)u (“owl”), which is also compared to 鴞 (OC *ɦraw, “owl”), 鵂 (OC *qʰu, “owl”), 舊 (OC *ɡʷɯs, “owl”) (STEDT). Compare Japhug pɣɤkhɯ (“owl”) (Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pēe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pǎ • Middle-Chinese : baX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiau • Middle-Chinese : kew
|(colloquial) father; dad
|owl • a mythical bird which eats its own parents shortly after hatching • brave, fierce • leader, ringleader • to decapitate and hang the head • (Teochew) indifferent, insensitive, indolent
| ‖ 梟(ふくろう) or 梟(ふくろ) • (fukurō or fukuro) ^(←ふくろふ (fukurofu)?)
| ‖ an owl
|
|
|
|
|爸 • (pa) · 爸 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha)
|Hán-Nôm : kiêu
|
|
|canonical : 爸: Hán Việt readings: bả • canonical : ba 爸: Nôm readings: ba
|梟
|chữ Hán form of ba (“father”).
|爸
|-
|-
|爹
|梵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːʔ, *tjaː) : semantic 父 (“father”) + phonetic 多 (OC *ʔl'aːl). \ Possibly from Proto-Turkic *ata (“father”) and cognate with Old Turkic 𐱃𐰀 (t¹a /⁠ata⁠/) (Vovin and McCraw, 2011)
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bloms, *bum) : semantic 林 (“forest”) + phonetic 凡 (OC *bom) – lush. Originally a variant form of 芃 (OC *boːŋ, *bum). \ As a word for transcribing Indic languages, the reading 梵 (MC bjomH) probably derives from Gandhari and transcribes the syllables such as bram̄(a), bra(m)m-, etc. (Bailey, 1946) in words like 𐨦𐨿𐨪𐨨𐨸 (bram̄a, “Brahma”), 𐨦𐨿𐨪𐨨𐨞 (bramaṇa, “a brahmin”), and it appears in the classical Chinese lexicon in 梵天 (“Brahma, name of a deity”), 梵志 (“a person dedicated to religion”), 梵行 (“good, pure conduct”), etc. The sense for "Sanskrit" originally refers to its status as a religious language. In modern usage, it is also used to translate various terms in Hinduism, such as Brahman.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : de¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia • Middle-Chinese : trjae • Middle-Chinese : daX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huān • Middle-Chinese : bjuwng • Middle-Chinese : bjomH
|(colloquial) father; dad • (regional, honorific) old man; grandpa; granddad
|lush; luxuriant • (Hinduism) Brahman; the ultimate reality in the universe (concept in Hinduism) • (figurative) quiet; peaceful; undisturbed • of or pertaining to Buddhism; Buddhist • of or pertaining to ancient India or the Sanskrit language; Indian • (Buddhism) to chant sutras; to recite sutras • (Buddhism) sound of sutra chanting • a surname
| ‖ 梵(ぼん) • (bon)
| ‖ Abbreviation of 梵語.
|梵 • (beom) · 梵 • (beom) (hangeul 범, revised beom, McCune–Reischauer pŏm, Yale pem)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phạn • Hán-Nôm : phạm
|Brahma • Sanskrit
|梵
|-
|棗
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : Duplication of 朿 (“thorn”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsóo • Middle-Chinese : tsawX
|jujube; Chinese date • a surname
| ‖ 棗(なつめ) or 棗(ナツメ) • (natsume) ‖ 棗(なつめ) • (Natsume)
|jujube ‖ the jujube or Chinese date, Ziziphus jujuba • a dye made from dried jujube fruits • a small tea caddy used in the tea ceremony ‖ a female given name • a surname
|棗 • (jo) · 棗 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
|
|
|爹 (eum 다 (da))
|Hán-Nôm : táo • Hán-Nôm : táu • Hán-Nôm : tảo
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đa • Hán-Nôm : đà • Hán-Nôm : ta
|棗
|
|爹
|-
|-
|牌
|棣
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *breː, *breː) : semantic 片 + phonetic 卑 (OC *pe).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːds) : semantic 木 (“wood; tree”) + phonetic 隶 (OC *lɯds) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːds) : semantic 木 (“wood; tree”) + phonetic 隶 (OC *lɯds) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːds) : semantic 木 (“wood; tree”) + phonetic 隶 (OC *lɯds)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄞˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâi • Middle-Chinese : bea • Middle-Chinese : beaj
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˋ
|board; plate • census plate • signboard; placard; sign; tablet • brand; trademark • nameplate • Name of a type of historical documents delivered to the lower levels. • (card games, mahjong, dominoes) playing cards; cards; dominoes; mahjong; etc. (Classifier: 張／张 m c; 飛／飞 c) • (figurative) card (a resource or an argument, used to achieve a purpose) • (Hong Kong) licence (Classifier: 個／个 c) • list (of prices) • shield • memorial (gateway or building) • pitch (style) of ancient Chinese poetry (ci) or music (qu) • manner; air; shape • (Cantonese) medal • (Southern Min) plaque; memorial tablet • (Jilu Mandarin) Classifier for card games: round • a surname: Pai
|(botany) Kerria japonica • cherry tree • younger brother • a surname ‖ to attain; to reach ‖ Only used in 棣棣 (dàidài).
|
|
|a small, written slip of paper: ticket, receipt, label, etc. • sign, placard • playing card, mahjong tile • shield, buckler
|(botany) Kerria japonica
|牌 (eumhun 패 패 (pae pae))
|棣 (eumhun 산앵두나무 체 (sanaengdunamu che)) ‖ 棣 (eumhun 익숙할 태 (iksukhal tae))
|hanja form of 패 (“tablet”)
|hanja form of 체 (“Vaccinium koreanum”) • (literary) hanja form of 체 (“to attain; to reach”) ‖ (literary) hanja form of 태 (“courteous appearance”)
|Hán-Nôm : bài • Hán-Nôm : bìa • Hán-Nôm : bời
|canonical : 棣: Hán Việt readings: đệ • canonical : lệ
|
|chữ Hán form of đệ (“brother; sibling”). • chữ Hán form of lệ (“Kerria japonica”).
|牌
|棣
|-
|-
|牡
|棧
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 牛 (“cattle”) + 丄. Various explanations exist, some propose 丄 (here unrelated to 上) depicts a penis to represent “male”. Later 丄 came to be written 土. See also the etymology of this character. \ Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɟm(oo)l (“male”) (whence Khmer ឈ្មោល (chmool, “to be male”)), Old Mon jmūr ~ jmur (“male (elephant)”), Proto-Waic *(k)mɔj (“(wild) ox; buffalo”), Proto-Vietic *mɔːlʔ (“person; human being”) (whence Vietnamese mọi (“savage; barbarian”), Muong mõl (“human being”)). \ An oracle bone graph for this word shows a vertical stick on a horizontal ground, possibly because it had been intended for an obsolete homophone cognate with Proto-Vietic *c-mɔːlʔ (“digging stick”), which alongside "male" may derive from a stem represented in Old Khmer cval (“to enter; to penetrate; (of animals) to copulate”), Khmu [script needed] (cmɔɔl, “to plant (rice) with a digging stick”), [script needed] (crmɔɔl, “digging stick”) (ibid.; Ferlus, 1987). Schuessler (2007) further proposes a relationship with 畝 (OC *mɯʔ, “cropland; mu (a Chinese measuring unit for area)”) (ibid.); see there for more.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zreːnʔ, *zraːns, *zrenʔ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maau⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mau⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bóo • Middle-Chinese : muwX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàn • Middle-Chinese : dzreanX • Middle-Chinese : dzrjenX • Middle-Chinese : dzraenH
|(obsolete) male of animals • (obsolete) male genitals • (obsolete) bolt of door • (obsolete) hill; hump • Used in 牡蠣／牡蛎 (mǔlì, “oyster”).
|warehouse • tavern; inn • (computing) stack • (Southern Min) storey; floor; stratum • (Southern Min) Classifier for things arranged in layers, storeys or levels.
|
|
|male • oyster
|牡 • (mo) · 牡 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo, Yale mo)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : mẫu
|棧 • (jan, jeon) · 棧 • (jan, jeon) (hangeul 잔, 전, revised jan, jeon, McCune–Reischauer chan, chŏn, Yale can, cen)
|
|
|牡
|Hán-Nôm : sàn • Hán-Nôm : sến • Hán-Nôm : sán • Hán-Nôm : sạn • Hán-Nôm : xiễn • Hán-Nôm : trăn • Hán-Nôm : chăn
|-
|牢
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“pen; animal yard”) + 牛 (“cow”)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : láu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : law
|pen; enclosure • prison; jail • firm; fast; durable • dependable; reliable • animal used for sacrificing • with grievance and toil • (Shanghainese) indicates continuous aspect • a surname: Lao
| ‖ 牢(ろう) • (rō) ^(←らう (rau)?)
|prison • stable, pen • secure ‖ prison
|牢 • (roe, noe, ro, no) · 牢 • (roe, noe, ro, no) (hangeul 뢰, 뇌, 로, 노, revised roe, noe, ro, no, McCune–Reischauer roe, noe, ro, no, Yale loy, noy, lo, no)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lao • Hán-Nôm : lào • Hán-Nôm : sao • Hán-Nôm : sau
|棧
|chữ Hán form of lao (“prison”). • Nôm form of lao (“javelin, harpoon”). • Nôm form of Lào (“Laos”). • Nôm form of rao (“to announce”). • Nôm form of sao (“why, how”). • Nôm form of sao (“star”). • Nôm form of sau (“after”). • Nôm form of trau (“to polish”).
|牢
|-
|-
|牽
|棲
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰiːn, *kʰiːns) : phonetic 玄 (OC *ɡʷeːn) + semantic 牛 (“cow, ox”) — leading an ox by hand. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰiːn, *kʰiːns) : phonetic 玄 (OC *ɡʷeːn) + semantic 牛 (“cow, ox”) — leading an ox by hand. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰiːn, *kʰiːns) : phonetic 玄 (OC *ɡʷeːn) + semantic 牛 (“cow, ox”) — leading an ox by hand.
|Before the Warring States Period, written as '西'. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *siːl) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 妻 (OC *sʰiːl, *sʰiːls). \ See 西 (OC *s-nˤər) (Baxter & Sagart, 2014) for etymology.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khian • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khen • Middle-Chinese : khen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : khenH ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sue • Middle-Chinese : sej
|to drag; to pull; to lead by hand • to involve; to drag in • to think about (someone); to be concerned about • to hold up; to hinder; to drag (someone) • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 縴／纤 (“tow rope”) ‖ (Eastern Min) to clutch
|to perch • to roost • to stay
|
|
|(Of humans and other animals) residing (somewhere), living (someplace); inhabiting a nest, den, burrow, etc.
|棲 (eumhun 깃들일 서 (gitdeuril seo))
|hanja form of 서 (“roost”)
|Hán-Nôm : thê
|
|
|牽 (eumhun 당길 견 (danggil gyeon))
|棲
|hanja form of 견 (“draw, pull, attract”)
|Hán-Nôm : khiên • Hán-Nôm : khin
|
|牽
|-
|犀
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sliːl) : phonetic 尾 (OC *mɯlʔ) + semantic 牛 (“ox”). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-sej (“rhinoceros”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : se • Middle-Chinese : sej
|rhinoceros • sharp; hard; well-tempered (as metal)
| ‖ 犀(さい) or 犀(サイ) • (sai)
| ‖ a rhinoceros
|犀 (eumhun 무소 서 (muso seo))
|hanja form of 서 (“rhinoceros”)
|Hán-Nôm : tê • Hán-Nôm : tây
|a rhinoceros
|犀
|-
|-
|犁
|棹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːl, *ril) : phonetic 利 (OC *rids) + semantic 牛 (“cow”)
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rdeːwɢs) : semantic 木 + phonetic 卓 (OC *rteːwɢ). ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lerê • Middle-Chinese : lej
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaau⁶ • Middle-Chinese : draewH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoek³
|plough • to plough • (literary) to destroy • a surname: Li
|Alternative form of 櫂 (zhào) ‖ Alternative form of 桌 • Name of a tree.
| ‖ 棹(さお) • (sao) ^(←さを (sawo)?)
| ‖ neck of a shamisen, etc. • Alternative form of 竿 (“rod, pole”)
|棹 • (do) · 棹 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : chèo • Hán-Nôm : trạo • Hán-Nôm : chác • Hán-Nôm : dậu • Hán-Nôm : địu
|
|
|犁 • (ri>i) · 犁 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)
|棹
|-
|楓
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *plum) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 風 (OC *plum, *plums)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : png • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Middle-Chinese : pjuwng
|maple (tree)
| ‖ 楓(かえで) • (kaede) ^(←かへで (kafede)?) ‖ 楓(かえで) • (Kaede) ‖ 楓(かいで) • (kaide) ‖ 楓(かつら) • (katsura) ‖ 楓(おかつら) • (okatsura) ^(←をかつら (wokatura)?) ‖ 楓(ふう) or 楓(フウ) • (fū)
|maple • Liquidambar formosana, Chinese sweetgum tree, Formosan sweetgum tree ‖ the maple tree • a color scheme for 襲 (kasane, “layered kimono”, literally “layering”), where both the outer and inner layers are light green • a kind of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”), featuring a maple-leaf design • (term of endearment) a child's hand (from the resemblance in shape between a hand with splayed fingers and a maple leaf) ‖ a female given name ‖ (uncommon, possibly obsolete) alternative for kaede above: the maple tree ‖ 桂: the katsura tree, Cercidiphyllum japonicum • 桂: (Chinese mythology) the kind of tree that grows on the moon ‖ (obsolete) the katsura tree, Cercidiphyllum japonicum ‖ the Formosan sweetgum tree, Liquidambar formosana • in certain kanji compounds, the maple tree
|楓 (eumhun 단풍나무 풍 (danpungnamu pung))
|hanja form of 풍 (“maple (tree)”)
|Hán-Nôm : phong
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lê
|楓
|
|犁
|-
|-
|狀
|楔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zraŋs) : phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ) + semantic 犬.
| ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zong⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsn̄g • Middle-Chinese : dzrjangH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : seh • Middle-Chinese : keat • Middle-Chinese : set ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : sip³
|^⁜ form; appearance; state • ^⁜ shape • ^⁜ certificate • ^⁜ to describe
|wedge; peg • (dialectal) to drive; to wedge (a wedge, nail, etc.) • (Hokkien) to stuff in; to plug in; to fill in • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) wedge; peg; stopper • (Mainland China Hokkien, figurative) to bribe ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 𤗈 (sip³)
| ‖ 楔(くさび) • (kusabi)
| ‖ a wedge (simple machine)
|楔 (eum 설 (seol))
|
|
|things stand
|Hán-Nôm : khế
|狀 (eumhun 형상(形狀) 상) ‖ 狀 (eumhun 문서 장 (munseo jang))
|hanja form of 상 (“form; appearance; state”) • hanja form of 상 (“shape”) ‖ hanja form of 장 (“document; certificate”)
|Hán-Nôm : trạng
|
|
|狀
|楔
|-
|-
|狐
|楞
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaː) : semantic 犭 (“dog”) + phonetic 瓜 (OC *kʷraː). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gwa (“fox”). Cognate with Tibetan ཝ (wa, “fox”).
|Compound of 四方木 (sìfāng mù). ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Middle-Chinese : hu
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Middle-Chinese : long ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁶ • Middle-Chinese : long ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁶ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : gông ‖
|fox • a surname
|Alternative form of 稜／棱 (léng, “edge; corner”) ‖ Used in transliteration. ‖ Alternative form of 愣 ‖ (Hokkien) dizzy • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to be dumbfounded; to be startled ‖ (Eastern Min) segment of a fruit, seed, or other round plant organ • (Eastern Min) Classifier for fruit or seed segments, flower petals, or portions of other round plant organs. • (Eastern Min) Classifier for slices of a round object such as cake or melon.
| ‖ 狐(きつね) or 狐(キツネ) • (kitsune)
|
| ‖ a fox
|狐 (eumhun 여우 호 (yeou ho))
|hanja form of 호 (“fox”) [affix]
|Hán-Nôm : hồ
|
|
|狐
|楞 • (reung>neung) · 楞 • (reung>neung) (hangeul 릉>능, revised reung>neung, McCune–Reischauer rŭng>nŭng, Yale lung>nung)
|-
|狙
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰa, *sʰas) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsi • Middle-Chinese : tshjo
|ape, monkey, gibbon
|
|
|an ape, (in particular) a gibbon • aiming at • aiming for; in pursuit of something • waiting for an opening; awaiting one's chance
|Hán-Nôm : lăng
|狙 (eumhun 원숭이 저 (wonsung'i jeo)) · 狙 (eumhun 엿볼 저 (yeotbol jeo))
|hanja form of 저 (“monkey”) • hanja form of 저 (“to peek”)
|Hán-Nôm : thư
|
|
|狙
|楞
|-
|-
|狠
|楠
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).
| ‖ Borrowed from Thai น่าน (nâan).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : han² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hīn
| ‖
|vicious; cruel • severely; extreme • (Wu) fierce; ferocious; threatening; unreasonable • (Wu) impressive; skilled; wise; deft; capable
|nanmu tree (Machilus nanmu or Phoebe zhennan) • name of various species of Phoebe and Machilus ‖ (～府) Nan province (of Thailand) • (～市) Nan city • (～河) Nan river
|
|
|camphor tree
|楠 • (nam) · 楠 • (nam) (hangeul 남, revised nam, McCune–Reischauer nam, Yale nam)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nêm • Hán-Nôm : nam
|
|
|
|楠
|Hán-Nôm : ngận
|
|狠
|-
|-
|狡
|楨
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káu • Middle-Chinese : kaewX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Middle-Chinese : trjeng
|sly; cunning; treacherous
|hardwood • supports, posts
| ‖ 狡(ずる) • (zuru)
|sly, cunning, sneaky ‖ slyness, sly act, sly person
|狡 • (gyo) · 狡 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : giảo • Hán-Nôm : sinh • Hán-Nôm : xảo
|hardwood • supports • posts
|楨 • (jeong) · 楨 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
|hardwood • privet • supports • posts
|Hán-Nôm : trính • Hán-Nôm : trinh
|
|
|狡
|楨
|-
|-
|狩
|楫
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰljus) : semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 守 (OC *qʰljuʔ, *qʰljus). \ 獸 (OC *qʰljus, “beast”) is the exopassive of 狩 (OC *qʰljus, “to hunt”), literally "what is hunted" (Schuessler, 2007).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔseb) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 咠 (OC *ʔsib, *sʰib).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau³ • Middle-Chinese : syuwH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zip⁶ • Middle-Chinese : tsjep
|(literary) to hunt • (literary, of an emperor) to embark an inspection tour of the realm
|(literary) oar; paddle • (archaic) to row
| ‖ 狩(かり) • (kari)
| ‖ hunting (game, deer, ducks, etc.), hunt • gathering (mushrooms, etc.), picking (strawberries, peaches, etc.)
|狩 (eum 수 (su))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thú
|oar
|楫 • (jeup, jeop) · 楫 • (jeup, jeop) (hangeul 즙, 접, revised jeup, jeop, McCune–Reischauer chŭp, chŏp, Yale cup, cep)
|
|
|狩
|Hán-Nôm : tiếp
|-
|狸
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯ) : semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ). Originally an unorthodox variant (俗字) of the character 貍 (lí). \ Uncertain. Here some proposals: \ *Fangyan https://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=en&id=45515 and Guo Pu consider it to be one among many dialectal words for 貔 (OC *bi), which however is a different word (Schuessler, 2007) (see there). \ *Zhao & Huang (1998) (apud Schuessler, 2007) connects it to Hmong pli ~ ple "cat". \ *Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs 貍 (OC *rə) from *pʰrə ~ *pʰə-rə and proposes possible Sino-Tibetan etymology and compares it to Mru pri (“a kind of leopard”) (see also Löffler, 1966); he also sees potential cognacy with Tibetan ཞི་མི (zhi mi), ཞིམ་བུ (zhim bu), ཞུམ་བུ (zhum bu) - all meaning "cat" - if those were from *ryi-mi; additionally, པི་ཤི (pi shi, “cat”) (< *zhi?) is possibly equivalent to Old Chinese dialectal forms with initial *pʰ- (e.g. 𧳏 (pī) < *pʰiə < *pʰrə) (though པི་ཤི (pi shi)'s pi and བྱི་ལ (byi la)'s byi might be from Indic). \ *STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-(l/r)e(y/ŋ) (“squirrel, weasel”) and proposes cognacy with 鼪 (OC *sreŋ, *sreŋs), Tibetan སྲེ་མོང (sre mong, “weasel”), Burmese [script needed] (hrañ, “squirrel”), etc.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Middle-Chinese : li
|leopard cat • raccoon dog • (obsolete) cat
| ‖ 狸(たぬき) or 狸(タヌキ) • (tanuki) ‖ 狸(たたけ) or 狸(たたげ) • (tatake or tatage) ‖ 狸(たのき) • (tanoki)
|raccoon dog • wild cat ‖ a raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides • (figurative) a person who pretends to be good but in fact is cunning (compare English sly fox) • Short for 狸饂飩 (tanuki-udon) and 狸蕎麦 (tanuki-soba): styles of various noodle dishes • (rare) Short for 狸寝入り (tanuki neiri): pretending to be asleep • (rare, obsolete) Short for 狸汁 (tanuki-jiru): a soup made from tanuki meat mixed with daikon, burdock root, etc. ‖ (archaic, obsolete) a raccoon dog • (archaic, obsolete) the hair of a raccoon dog, used for making brushes ‖ (dated, dialectal, Western Japan, chiefly Kansai) a raccoon dog • (dated, dialectal, Kansai) Short for 狸饂飩 (tanoki-udon) and 狸蕎麦 (tanoki-soba): styles of various noodle dishes
|狸 • (ri>i) · 狸 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)
|(너구리 리, neoguri-): raccoon dog
|Hán-Nôm : li
|
|
|狸
|楫
|-
|-
|狼
|楹
|Characters in the same phonetic series (良) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːŋ) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâng • Middle-Chinese : lang
|wolf (Classifier: 匹 m; 隻／只 m c; 條／条 m; 頭／头 m) • (figurative) dirty guy; pervert • (Cantonese) cruel; ruthless
| ‖ 狼(おおかみ) or 狼(オオカミ) • (ōkami) ^(←おほかみ (ofokami)?) (counter 匹) ‖ 狼(おおかめ) • (ōkame) ^(←おほかめ (ofokame)?)
|wolf ‖ a wolf (animal) • Short for 日本狼 (Nihon-ōkami, “Japanese wolf”). ‖ (possibly obsolete) a wolf (animal)
|狼 (eumhun 이리 랑 (iri rang), word-initial (South Korea) 이리 낭 (iri nang))
|hanja form of 랑/낭 (“wolf”)
|canonical : 狼: Hán Việt readings: lang 狼: Nôm readings: lang
|chữ Hán form of lang (“wolf”).
|狼
|-
|猖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjaŋ) : semantic 犭 (“dog”) + phonetic 昌 (OC *tʰjaŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsyhang
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Middle-Chinese : yeng
|column; pillar (especially in front of a hall) • (literary) Classifier for buildings or rooms.
|
|
|
|
|猖 • (chang) · 猖 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang, Yale chang)
|楹 • (yeong) · 楹 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng, Yale yeng)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : xương
|Hán-Nôm : doanh
|
|
|猖
|楹
|-
|-
|猜
|楼
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlɯː) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ). ‖
|Simplified from 樓 (婁 → 娄)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄞ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshai • Middle-Chinese : tshoj ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ioh
|to guess; to suppose; to conjecture • to suspect; to have a suspicion; to doubt • ^† suspicion; jealousy • ^† to envy; to hate; to resent • to play (a hand game) ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 臆 (ioh, “to guess”)
|
|
|
|
|猜 (eumhun 시기할 시 (sigihal si))
|hanja form of 시 (“jealousy”)
|Hán-Nôm : sai • Hán-Nôm : xai
|
|
|猜
|building (of two or more stores) • floor, level
|-
|猩
| ‖ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *priŋ ~ *b-riŋ (“to bark”) (STEDT).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sing • Middle-Chinese : sraeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing¹ • Middle-Chinese : seng
|Used in 猩猩 (xīngxing); also used as its short form. • Synonym of 猩紅／猩红 (xīnghóng, “scarlet; bright red”) ‖ (obsolete, rare) to bark
|
|
|
|
|猩 (eum 성 (seong))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tinh
|
|
|猩
|楼
|-
|-
|猴
|榛
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoː) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 侯 (OC *ɡoː). \ The first syllable in 母猴 (OC *mɯʔ ɡoː, “macaque”) and 沐猴 (OC *moːɡ ɡoː, “macaque”) may perhaps be an old pre-initial (Unger, 1985). \ Compare Proto-Lolo-Burmese *myukᴸ (“monkey”), which derives from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m(j/r)uk (“monkey”) (Pinault et al., 1997, STEDT).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsrin) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 秦 (OC *zin).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : hau⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄡˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄡˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kâu • Middle-Chinese : huw
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsin • Middle-Chinese : tsrin
|monkey; ape • naughty child • (Southern Min) male paramour • (dialectal) to lean on someone; to pester someone • (dialectal) to squat like a monkey • (dialectal) naughty; clever • (Southern Min) skinny and dark-skinned; ugly as a monkey • a surname
|hazel (Corylus heterophylla) • hazelnut • thicket; underbrush • (of vegetation) thick; dense
| ‖ 榛(はしばみ) or 榛(ハシバミ) • (hashibami) ‖ 榛(はり) • (hari)
| ‖ Asian Hazel, Corylus heterophylla ‖ (archaic) Old name for Japanese alder (Alnus japonica)
|榛 (eum 진 (jin))
|
|
|monkey
|Hán-Nôm : trăn
|猴 (eum 후 (hu))
|monkey, macaque
|Hán-Nôm : hầu
|
|
|猴
|榛
|-
|-
|猾
|榭
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljaːɡs) : semantic 木 (“wood; wooden structure”) + phonetic 射 (OC *ɢljaːɡs, *laːɡs, *ɢljaːɡ, *laːɡ); also ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 木 + 射 (“archery”), as it originally referred to an early type of architecture for both the practice and the ceremony of archery: an open-space hall built on raised ground, without internal division into rooms (Wang, 1923; Yang, 1965). In bronze script, the alternative form 𫷺 (i.e. ⿸广射) can be seen.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze⁶ • Middle-Chinese : zjaeH
|(architecture) pavilion (typically on raised ground)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ku̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hua̍t • Middle-Chinese : hweat
|Crafty, cunning, sly
|
|
|crafty
|榭 (eum 사 (sa))
|猾 • (hwal) · 猾 • (hwal) (hangeul 활, revised hwal, McCune–Reischauer hwal, Yale hwal)
|crafty, cunning, shrewd • deceitful
|Hán-Nôm : hoạt
|
|
|猾
|Hán-Nôm : tạ
|
|榭
|-
|-
|獨
|榷
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doːɡ) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : duk⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ta̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍k • Middle-Chinese : duwk
|alone; single; solitary • the old and childless • only • (literary) Indicates a rhetorical question: is it possible that... • (in compounds) separatism
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gok³ • Middle-Chinese : kaewk
|(obsolete) single-plank bridge; log footbridge • to tax • tax; toll; levy • to monopolize • monopoly • to discuss • Alternative form of 確／确 (què)
|
|
|獨 (eumhun 홀로 독 (hollo dok)) ‖ 獨 • (Dok) (hangeul 독)
|footbridge • toll, levy • monopoly
|hanja form of 독 (“alone”) [affix] ‖ (in news headlines) Short for 獨(독)逸(일) (Dogil, “(South Korea) Germany”).
|榷 • (gyo) · 榷 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
|Hán-Nôm : độc • Hán-Nôm : dọc
|
|
|獨
|Hán-Nôm : dác • Hán-Nôm : các
|-
|獵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rab) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 巤 (OC *rab). \ ;to hunt \ :See 臘 for etymology. \ ;turtle, tortoise
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍p • Middle-Chinese : ljep
|to hunt (animals) • to hunt for; to pursue; to search for • Used in 獵獵／猎猎. • (obsolete) tortoise; turtle • Alternative form of 躐 (liè, “to trample”)
| ‖ 獵(りょう) • (ryō) ^(←れふ (refu)?)
| ‖ Alternative spelling of 猟
|獵 (eumhun 사냥 렵 (sanyang ryeop), word-initial (South Korea) 사냥 엽 (sanyang yeop))
|hanja form of 렵/엽 (“to hunt”)
|Hán-Nôm : liệp
|
|
|獵
|榷
|-
|-
|獸
|榻
|Characters in the same phonetic series (嘼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 單 (“hunting weapon”) + 犬 (“dog”) – "hunting". 口 was added later (see 嘼). \ Exopassive of 狩 (OC *qʰljus, “to hunt”), literally "what is hunted" (Schuessler, 2007). Speculatively, 獸 (OC *qʰljus) can be compared with Tibetan འཆོར་བ ('chor ba, “to hunt”) (ibid.).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːb) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 𦐇 ()
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siù • Middle-Chinese : syuwH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taap³ • Middle-Chinese : thap
|beast; animal • bestial • furry (subculture)
|cot; couch; bed • (obsolete) to copy
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|
|
|
|獸 • (su) · 獸 • (su) (hangeul 수, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|榻 (eum 탑 (tap))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thú
|Hán-Nôm : chõng • Hán-Nôm : tháp
|
|
|獸
|榻
|-
|-
|獻
|槁
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋaːl, *hŋans, *ŋrad) : phonetic 鬳 (OC *ŋans) + semantic 犬 (“dog”). \ Same word as 憲 (OC *hŋans) (Schuessler, 2007), its basic meaning being seemingly "elevate > to be elavated". \ Inside the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family, it's related to 甗 (OC *ŋan, *ŋranʔ, *ŋrans, “a cooking vessel consisting of a steamer 'elevated' on a three-legged boiler”). Furthermore, it's possibly cognate to Tibetan སྔར་མ (sngar ma, “sharp-witted, quick-witted, intelligent”) (ibid., Gong, 2000). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋaːl, *hŋans, *ŋrad) : phonetic 鬳 (OC *ŋans) + semantic 犬 (“dog”). \ Same word as 憲 (OC *hŋans) (Schuessler, 2007), its basic meaning being seemingly "elevate > to be elavated". \ Inside the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family, it's related to 甗 (OC *ŋan, *ŋranʔ, *ŋrans, “a cooking vessel consisting of a steamer 'elevated' on a three-legged boiler”). Furthermore, it's possibly cognate to Tibetan སྔར་མ (sngar ma, “sharp-witted, quick-witted, intelligent”) (ibid., Gong, 2000).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːwʔ, *kʰaːwʔ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 高 (OC *kaːw).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hin³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiàn • Middle-Chinese : xjonH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄛ • Middle-Chinese : sa
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gou² • Middle-Chinese : khawX
|to offer; to present; to donate • to show; to display • (archaic) virtuous person • a surname • (neologism, slang) to commit a mass murder ‖ (historical) a method of filtering wine • (historical) sacrificial wine vessel
|^† to wither • ^† (of a tree or wood) withered; rotten; dead • ^† dried up tree
|
|
|to revere, to contribute, to present
|dried up tree • to wither; to rot (of a tree or wood) • to dry
|獻 • (heon, sa) · 獻 • (heon, sa) (hangeul 헌, 사, revised heon, sa, McCune–Reischauer hŏn, sa, Yale hen, sa)
|槁 (eum 고 (go))
|
|
|canonical : 獻: Hán Việt readings: hiến • canonical : ta 獻: Nôm readings: hiến
|Hán-Nôm : cau
|
|
|獻
|槁
|-
|-
|玖
|槌
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷlɯʔ) : semantic 玉 + phonetic 久 (OC *kʷlɯʔ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dols, *dul) : semantic 木 + phonetic 追 (OC *tul).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káu • Middle-Chinese : kjuwX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuî • Middle-Chinese : drwij • Middle-Chinese : drjweH
|black gemstone that is poorer than jade • (financial) Alternative form of 九 (“nine”) (used normally in official documents or checks to avoid forgery)
|hammer, mallet • to strike; to beat • (Zhengzhou, Jin) fist
| ‖ 槌(つち) • (tsuchi)
|hammer ‖ a hammer • a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) featuring a traditional Japanese hammer design
|槌 • (toe, chu) · 槌 • (toe, chu) (hangeul 퇴, 추, revised toe, chu, McCune–Reischauer t'oe, ch'u, Yale thoy, chwu)
|
|
|(financial, archaic) nine • black jewel
|Hán-Nôm : dùi • Hán-Nôm : chùy • Hán-Nôm : chuỳ
|玖 • (gu) · 玖 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cửu
|槌
|-
|槍
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaŋ, *sʰraːŋ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ). ‖  ‖  ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshionn • Middle-Chinese : tshjang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤˇ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìng
|(historical) spear; lance; pike • gun; firearm; shooter (Classifier: 桿／杆 m; 支 m c; 把 m c) • gun-like object • Classifier for gunshots. • to sit for an examination in place of someone else • (obsolete) to collide • a surname ‖ Only used in 欃槍／欃枪 (chánchēng, “comet”). ‖  ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 銃／铳 (“gun; firearm”)
| ‖ 槍(やり) • (yari) ‖ 槍(やり) • (Yari)
|spear, lance • javelin ‖ (weaponry) a spear, lance • (shogi) common name for the 香車 (kyōsha, “lance”) • a javelin (throwing spear used in athletics) • (archaic) jeering ‖ a surname
|槍 (eumhun 창 창 (chang chang))
|hanja form of 창 (“spear”)
|Hán-Nôm : thương • Hán-Nôm : sang
|
|槍
|-
|槓
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 貢 (OC *koːŋs). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gung³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kǹg ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁵
|thick rod; thick pole • (gymnastics) bar • stout poles used to carry a coffin • rod-shaped part of a machine • thick line (Classifier: 道 m) • to cross out; to strike out • to whet • to argue; to bicker • (mahjong) kong ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 籠／笼 (“trunk; chest; large box”)
| ‖ 槓(カン) • (kan)
|lever ‖ (mahjong) Short for 槓子 (kantsu): a set of four identical tiles • (mahjong) a call for such a set (compare English kong): · for a 明槓 (minkan, “open kan”), the player calling should have a 暗刻 (ankō, “closed triplet”) in hand and the current discarded tile is the fourth tile • (mahjong) a call for such a set (compare English kong): · for a 加槓 (kakan, “added kan”), the player should have an 明刻 (minkō, “open triplet”) beforehand and the fourth tile must be self-drawn • (mahjong) a call for such a set (compare English kong): · for an 暗槓 (ankan, “closed kan”), the player calling must simply have all four tiles in hand
|槓 • (gong) · 槓 • (gong) (hangeul 공, revised gong, McCune–Reischauer kong, Yale kong)
|
|
|玖
|Hán-Nôm : cổng
|
|槓
|-
|-
|玫
|槨
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯːl) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 文 (OC *mɯn)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muê • Middle-Chinese : mwoj
|type of gemstone • Used in 玫瑰 (méigui, “rose”).
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwok³ • Middle-Chinese : kwak
|outer coffin
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|
|
|
|槨 (eum 곽 (gwak))
|
|
|canonical : 玫: Hán Việt readings: mai • canonical : mân • canonical : môi 玫: Nôm readings: môi
|Hán-Nôm : quạch
|
|
|玫
|槨
|-
|-
|玲
|槳
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːŋ) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lin • Middle-Chinese : leng
|(onomatopoeia) jade-hitting sound
|
|
|tinkling; sound of jade • exquisite • clever
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiúnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiáng • Middle-Chinese : tsjangX
|玲 (eumhun 옥소리 령 (oksori ryeong), word-initial (South Korea) 옥소리 영 (oksori yeong))
|oar; paddle (Classifier: 隻／只 m)
|hanja form of 령/영 (“mainly used in personal names”)
|Hán-Nôm : lính • Hán-Nôm : linh
|
|
|玲
|-
|玷
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːmʔ, *teːms) : semantic 𤣩 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dim³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàm • Middle-Chinese : temX
|flaw in gem; defect in jade • (figuratively, of a person) flaw in character • to blemish; to stain
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|
|
|
|玷 • (jeom) · 玷 • (jeom) (hangeul 점, revised jeom, McCune–Reischauer chŏm, Yale cem)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : điếm
|Hán-Nôm : tưởng • Hán-Nôm : giưởng • Hán-Nôm : giưỡng • Hán-Nôm : rưởng • Hán-Nôm : rưỡng • Hán-Nôm : rảng • Hán-Nôm : rãng • Hán-Nôm : rẳng • Hán-Nôm : rẵng
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|
|玷
|槳
|-
|-
|玻
|樁
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Middle-Chinese : traewng
|wooden pile; stake • pile (large stake driven into the earth or sea-bed for the support of a building) • Classifier for events, deals, legal cases, etc..
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po • Middle-Chinese : pha
|pole, post, stake • matter
|Used in 玻璃 (bōli, “glass”); also used as its short form. • Used in transliterations. • Short for 玻利維亞／玻利维亚 (Bōlìwéiyà, “Bolivia”).
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|
|glass
|玻 • (pa) · 玻 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : pha
|Hán-Nôm : thung • Hán-Nôm : thủng • Hán-Nôm : thông • Hán-Nôm : thùng • Hán-Nôm : trang
|
|
|玻
|樁
|-
|-
|琅
|樊
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːŋ) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ)
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ban) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 棥 (OC *ban) + semantic 𠬜.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : long⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Middle-Chinese : lang
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huân • Middle-Chinese : bjon
|a variety of white carnelian • pure white • a surname
|(literary) fence; hedge • (literary) to fence; to surround with a fence • a surname
|
|
|
|pure jewel
|樊 • (beon) · 樊 • (beon) (hangeul 번, revised beon, McCune–Reischauer pŏn, Yale pen)
|琅 • (rang>nang) · 琅 • (rang>nang) (hangeul 랑>낭, revised rang>nang, McCune–Reischauer rang>nang, Yale lang>nang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lang
|Hán-Nôm : phàn • Hán-Nôm : phưng • Hán-Nôm : phiền
|
|
|琅
|樊
|-
|-
|琉
|樞
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ru) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 㐬 ().
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰjo) : semantic 木 + phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liû • Middle-Chinese : ljuw
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thi • Middle-Chinese : tsyhu
|Used in compounds.
|door hinge • pivot • center of power
|
|
|precious stone • gem • lapis lazuli
|pivot • door
|琉 (eumhun 유리 류 (yuri ryu), word-initial (South Korea) 유리 유 (yuri yu))
|樞 • (chu, u) · 樞 • (chu, u) (hangeul 추, 우)
|hanja form of 류/유 (“glass”)
|door hinge • pivot • center of power
|canonical : 琉: Hán Việt readings: lưu 琉: Nôm readings: lưu
|Hán-Nôm : xu • Hán-Nôm : su • Hán-Nôm : sù • Hán-Nôm : xô • Hán-Nôm : xù • Hán-Nôm : xũ • Hán-Nôm : khu • Hán-Nôm : xó • Hán-Nôm : xụ
|
|
|琉
|樞
|-
|-
|琢
|横
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rtoːɡ) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 豖 (OC *tʰoɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rtoːɡ) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 豖 (OC *tʰoɡ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 木 + phonetic 黄 ().
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tok • Middle-Chinese : traewk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄛˊ
|to carve or cut jade or gemstone • (by extension) to cultivate (one's character, one's skills) ‖ Only used in 琢磨 (zuómo, “to think over; to ponder”).
|
|
|to polish • to cultivate one's skill • to select
|琢 (eumhun 다듬을 탁 (dadeumeul tak))
|
|
|canonical : 琢: Hán Việt readings: chác • canonical : trác 琢: Nôm readings: trác • canonical : trát
| ‖ 横(よこ) • (yoko) ‖ 横(おう) • (ō) ^(←わう (wau)?)
|sideways, horizontal • next, next to • width ‖ side • width ‖ sideways, horizontal • self-willed; arbitrary; unrestrained and aggressive • sudden; unexpected • brimming
|横 • (hoeng) · 横 • (hoeng) (hangeul 횡, revised hoeng, McCune–Reischauer hoeng, Yale hoyng)
|across
|
|
|琢
|
|横
|-
|-
|琳
|樵
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dzjew
|(literary or Hakka, Min) firewood • to chop firewood; to gather firewood • woodcutter
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîm • Middle-Chinese : lim
|beautiful jade
|
|
|jewel • tinkling of a string of jewels
|樵 (eum 초 (cho))
|琳 • (rim>im) · 琳 • (rim>im) (hangeul 림>임, revised rim>im, McCune–Reischauer rim>im, Yale lim>im)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lâm • Hán-Nôm : lam
|Hán-Nôm : tiều
|
|
|琳
|樵
|-
|-
|瑙
|樸
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baː, *pʰroːɡ, *poːɡ, *boːɡ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baː, *pʰroːɡ, *poːɡ, *boːɡ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baː, *pʰroːɡ, *poːɡ, *boːɡ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baː, *pʰroːɡ, *poːɡ, *boːɡ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phoh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phok • Middle-Chinese : phaewk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : buk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pho̍h • Middle-Chinese : puwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : buk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : buwk
|simple; plain; rough; unpolished • sincere; honest ‖ (archaic) a kind of oak • (archaic) to stick; to adhere ‖ Only used in 樸𠟼／朴𠟼. ‖ ^‡ dense (of trees)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ló
|unworked wood, bark of a tree • sincere, honest
|Used in 瑪瑙／玛瑙 (mǎnǎo). • Used in 多瑙 (Duōnǎo). • Used in 錦瑙／锦瑙.
|樸 • (bok, bak) · 樸 • (bok, bak) (hangeul 복, 박, revised bok, bak, McCune–Reischauer pok, pak, Yale pok, pak)
|
|
|agate • onyx
|Hán-Nôm : phác • Hán-Nôm : bốc
|瑙 • (no) · 瑙 • (no) (hangeul 노, revised no, McCune–Reischauer no, Yale no)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : não
|樸
|-
|樺
|From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *grwa (“birch”) (STEDT); cognate with Tibetan གྲོ་ག (gro ga, “bark of birch tree”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâ • Middle-Chinese : hwae • Middle-Chinese : hwaeH
|birch
| ‖ 樺(かば) or 樺(カバ) • (kaba) ‖ 樺(かんば) or 樺(カンバ) • (kanba) ‖ 樺(かにわ) • (kaniwa) ^(←かには (kanifa)?)
|birch • reddish yellow ‖ a birch (plant of genus Betula) • Short for 樺色 (kabairo, “reddish yellow”). ‖ a birch (plant of genus Betula) ‖ (obsolete) Japanese bird cherry (Prunus grayana) or its bark • (obsolete) monarch birch (Betula maximowicziana) or its bark
|樺 • (hwa) · 樺 • (hwa) (hangeul 화, revised hwa, McCune–Reischauer hwa, Yale hwa)
|birch
|Hán-Nôm : hoa
|
|
|瑙
|樺
|-
|-
|瑞
|樽
|Characters in the same phonetic series (耑) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djols) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 耑 (OC *toːn).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsuːn) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 尊 (OC *ʔsuːn). \ Specialised orthographic form of 尊 (OC *ʔsuːn, “zun, a kind of vessel”) that inherited the noun sense for "vessel", as 尊 became chiefly used for the more abstract senses (Duan Yucai's analysis of the Shuowen).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suī • Middle-Chinese : dzyweH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄣ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsun • Middle-Chinese : tswon
|token made of jade • auspicious omen • auspicious • a surname
|(archaic) vessel for alcohol; goblet • (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew, Leizhou Min, Zhongshan Min) bottle; vase (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew) Classifier for bottles.
| ‖ 樽(たる) • (taru) ‖ 樽(そん) • (son)
| ‖ barrel ‖ barrel
|樽 (eum 준 (jun))
|
|
|congratulations
|Hán-Nôm : tôn
|瑞 (eumhun 상서로울 서 (sangseoroul seo))
|hanja form of 서 (“auspicious; lucky”)
|Hán-Nôm : thụy • Hán-Nôm : thuỵ
|
|
|瑞
|樽
|-
|-
|瑟
|橇
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *smriɡ, *smriɡ) : semantic 珡 (“musical instrument”) + phonetic 必 (OC *pliɡ). 珡 has been simplified into the unrelated 玨.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sit • Middle-Chinese : srit
|(music) the se, an ancient Chinese bridge zither, usually with 25 strings • ^† solemn; dignified; alone; bleak • Used in 瑟瑟 (sèsè). • Used in 瑟縮／瑟缩 (sèsuō) and 瑟索.
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³ • Middle-Chinese : khjew
|
|
|瑟 • (seul) · 瑟 • (seul) (hangeul 슬, revised seul, McCune–Reischauer sŭl, Yale sul)
| ‖ 橇(そり) • (sori) · 橇(かんじき) • (kanjiki)
| ‖ sleigh • snowshoes
|橇 (eum 취 (chwi))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : sắt
|Hán-Nôm : khiêu
|
|
|瑟
|橇
|-
|-
|瑰
|橢
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuːl, *ɡuːl) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ).
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kui • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuì • Middle-Chinese : hwoj • Middle-Chinese : kwoj
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thò • Middle-Chinese : thwaX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˇ
|semi-precious stone that is less precious than jade • extraordinary, fabulous
|oval-shaped container • long and narrow; oval-shaped; elliptical ‖ Only used in 科橢／科椭.
|
|
|橢 (eum 타 (ta))
|
|
|strange
|Hán-Nôm : thỏa • Hán-Nôm : thoả • Hán-Nôm : thõa • Hán-Nôm : thoã
|瑰 • (goe) · 瑰 • (goe) (hangeul 괴, revised goe, McCune–Reischauer koe, Yale koy)
|extraordinary, fabulous • rose
|Hán-Nôm : côi • Hán-Nôm : khôi
|
|
|瑰
|橢
|-
|-
|璽
|檄
|From 壐／𱖚. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *smlelʔ) : phonetic 爾 (OC *njelʔ) + semantic 玉 (“jade”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡleːwɢ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 敫 (OC *kleːwɢs, *ɢlewɢ, *kleːwɢ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sú • Middle-Chinese : sjeX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi̍k • Middle-Chinese : hek
|(historical) imperial seal; royal seal
|
| ‖ 璽(じ) • (ji) ‖ 璽(しるし) • (shirushi) ‖ 璽(みしるし) • (mishirushi)
| ‖ 檄(げき) • (geki)
|the imperial seal or sigil • a symbol of imperial status ‖ a seal or sigil carved into a jewel • more specifically, such a seal belonging to the Chinese emperor of the Qin Dynasty or later, or belonging to the Japanese emperor • 八尺瓊曲玉 (Yasakani no Magatama), the jewel that is one of the three sacred treasures comprising the Imperial Regalia of Japan ‖ the emperor's personal seal or sigil or the national seal or sigil used for state business • the mark made by such a seal or sigil • 八尺瓊勾玉 (Yasakani no Magatama), one of the sacred treasures comprising the Imperial Regalia of Japan • all three of the sacred treasures ‖ a mark or seal indicating imperial status • a sacred item indicating imperial status • the emperor's personal seal or sigil
| ‖ written appeal, circular, manifesto
|璽 (eumhun 도장 새 (dojang sae))
|檄 (eum 격 (gyeok))
|hanja form of 새 (“royal seal”) [noun]
|
|Hán-Nôm : tỉ • Hán-Nôm : tỷ
|Hán-Nôm : hịch
|
|
|璽
|檄
|-
|-
|瓜
|檔
|Pictogram (象形) - a pictograph of a melon suspended by its vines. \ Etymology not clear (Schuessler, 2007). \ Possibly a borrowing from Proto-Hmong-Mien *klˠa (“cucumber”) (Ostapirat, 2016). ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 當 (OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 當 (OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kua • Middle-Chinese : kwae ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaa¹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̄g • Middle-Chinese : tang ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̄g
|melon; gourd; squash • (Mainland China, slang, neologism) storyful news • (Singapore, colloquial) fellow; dude • a surname ‖ (Wuhan Mandarin, Cantonese, Xiang, humorous) to die
|shelf for files • frame; crosspiece • document • (Cantonese) stall (small open-fronted shop) ‖ (Quanzhou Hokkien) a form of community fundraising done in Quanzhou
| ‖ 瓜(うり) or 瓜(ウリ) • (uri)
|gourd, squash, melon ‖ gourd, squash, melon
|
|
|cucumber
|canonical : 瓜: Hán Việt readings: qua 瓜: Nôm readings: qua • canonical : dưa • canonical : co
|chữ Hán form of qua (“melon”). • Nôm form of dưa (“melon”).
|瓜
|-
|瓢
|
|
|Cantonese · Jyutping : piu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiô • Middle-Chinese : bjiew
|檔 (eum 당 (dang))
|ladle made from dried gourd
|
|
|gourd
|Hán-Nôm : đang • Hán-Nôm : đướng • Hán-Nôm : đượng • Hán-Nôm : đưỡng • Hán-Nôm : đạng • Hán-Nôm : đóng
|瓢 • (pyo) · 瓢 • (pyo) (hangeul 표)
|Wooden ladle. They cut a dried gourd in half, and use each as a ladle.
|Hán-Nôm : biều • Hán-Nôm : bầu • Hán-Nôm : vào • Hán-Nôm : bèo • Hán-Nôm : bịn • Hán-Nôm : bìu • Hán-Nôm : vèo
|
|
|瓢
|檔
|-
|-
|瓣
|檜
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *breːns) : phonetic 辡 (OC *prenʔ, *brenʔ) + semantic 瓜 (“melon”). \ ;"segment, section, piece" \ ;"petal"
| ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : baan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan⁶⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁶⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bān • Middle-Chinese : beanH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kui² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Middle-Chinese : kwajH • Middle-Chinese : kwat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kui² • Middle-Chinese : kwajH
|melon seeds • petal • segment; section; piece; clove (of garlic) • (medicine) Short for 瓣膜 (bànmó, “valve”). • Classifier for pieces and segments, such as those of (cut-up) fruits or petals. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • (Cantonese) Classifier for domains of activity.; field
|Chinese juniper ‖ Used in personal names.
| ‖ 瓣(べん) • (ben) ‖ 瓣(べん) • (-ben)
| ‖ 檜(ひのき) or 檜(ヒノキ) • (hinoki) ‖ 檜(ひのき) • (Hinoki) ‖ 檜(ひ) • (hi)
|flower petal • valve ‖ (anatomy) valve (membranous partition, flap, or fold, which allows flow in only one direction, e.g. a heart valve) • valve (device that controls the flow of a fluid through a pipe) ‖ flower petals
| ‖ Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ (archaic, or in compounds) Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa)
|瓣 (eum 판 (pan))
|檜 • (hoe, gwal) · 檜 • (hoe, gwal) (hangeul 회, 괄, revised hoe, gwal, McCune–Reischauer hoe, kwal, Yale hoy, kwal)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bẹ • Hán-Nôm : biện
|Hán-Nôm : cối
|
|
|瓣
|檜
|-
|-
|瓷
|檳
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zli) : phonetic 次 (OC *sn̥ʰis) + semantic 瓦 (“earthenware”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pin) : semantic 木 + phonetic 賓 (OC *mpin).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huî • Middle-Chinese : dzij
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pun • Middle-Chinese : pjin
|porcelain; china; chinaware • (of a thing) firm; solid; sturdy
|Used in compounds. • (Malaysia, Singapore) Short for 檳城／槟城 (Bīnchéng, “Penang, Malaysia”).
|
|
|betel nut; betel palm tree
|檳 • (bin) · 檳 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin)
|
|
|瓷 • (ja) · 瓷 • (ja) (hangeul 자)
|Hán-Nôm : tân
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : từ • Hán-Nôm : sứ • Hán-Nôm : tư
|檳
|
|瓷
|-
|-
|甜
|檸
|Characters in the same phonetic series (甜) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 舌 (“tongue”) + 甘 (“sweet”). Rearrangement of 甛. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ljam (“sweet; fragrant”) (STEDT). Compare Tibetan ཞིམ (zhim, “tasty”) (Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rnaːŋʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 寧 (OC *neːŋ). ‖ Contracted form of 吶亨／呐亨.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiâm • Middle-Chinese : dem
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lê • Middle-Chinese : nraengX ‖
|sweet • (figurative) pleasant; comfortable; happy • (figurative, of sleep) sound • (dialectal) bland; tasteless; not salty • (dialectal) delicious; tasty • (neologism, of a price) cheap; inexpensive • (figurative) romantic • (Hong Kong Cantonese) Euphemistic form of 鹹／咸 (haam⁴, “erotic”).
|Only used in 檸檬／柠檬 (níngméng); also used as its short form. ‖ (Suzhounese) how
|
|
|
|
|甜 (eumhun 달 첨 (dal cheom))
|檸 (eumhun 레몬 (lemon) 녕 (remon ( lemon ) nyeong), word-initial (South Korea) 레몬 (lemon) 영 (remon ( lemon ) yeong))
|hanja form of 첨 (“sweet”)
|hanja form of 녕 (“lemon”)
|Hán-Nôm : điềm
|Hán-Nôm : nịnh
|
|
|甜
|檸
|-
|-
|產
|檻
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋreːnʔ) : abbreviated phonetic 彥 (OC *ŋrans) + semantic 生 (“to be born”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *srjal (“to breed; to bring up”), whence Tibetan སྲེལ (srel, “to bring up; to rear”). \ Schuessler (2007) notes that this word is equally likely to have been Austroasiatic in origin. Compare Khmer សំរាល (sɑmraal, “to give birth”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms) : semantic 木 + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms). \ Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kram (“fence, garden”). Cognate with Burmese ခြံ (hkram, “fence; garden; to surround”). Also compare Tibetan ཁྲམ (khram, “notched wood”) (> ཁྲམ་ཁ (khram kha, “cut, notch [in wood]”), ཁྲམ་ཤིང (khram shing, “tallystick”)). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms) : semantic 木 + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms). \ Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kram (“fence, garden”). Cognate with Burmese ခြံ (hkram, “fence; garden; to surround”). Also compare Tibetan ཁྲམ (khram, “notched wood”) (> ཁྲམ་ཁ (khram kha, “cut, notch [in wood]”), ཁྲམ་ཤིང (khram shing, “tallystick”)).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suánn • Middle-Chinese : sreanX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haam⁵ • Middle-Chinese : haemX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄢˇㄦ
|to give birth; to bring forth • to produce (naturally) • to make; to manufacture • produced or manufactured item; product; produce • property; wealth; premises • a surname: Chan
|fence • cage (for animal or prisoner) • railing; balustrade • (alt. form 轞／𰺗) prisoner transport cart • Alternative form of 艦／舰 (jiàn, “warship”) ‖ doorsill
| ‖ 檻(おり) • (ori) ^(←をり (wori)?)
| ‖ cage; cell
|檻 (eum 함 (ham))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : giám • Hán-Nôm : hạm • Hán-Nôm : hậm • Hán-Nôm : tràm • Hán-Nôm : cạm
|
|
|產 (eumhun 낳을 산 (na'eul san))
|檻
|Alternative form of 産 (“hanja form of 산 (“born”)”)
|-
|Hán-Nôm : sản
|櫂
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *r'eːwɢs) : semantic 木 + phonetic 翟 (OC *r'aːwɢ, *l'eːwɢ). \ Earliest extant attestations are in Chu Ci. \ Possibly from Austroasiatic. Compare Proto-Vietic *tʃ-r-ɛːw (whence Vietnamese chèo), an *-r- (instrumental derivative) infixed form of Vietnamese *tʃɛːw, whence Modern Vietnamese xeo (“to lift up with a crowbar; to propel (a boat) with a long pole”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaau⁶ • Middle-Chinese : draewH
|(literary) oar • (literary) to row • (literary) boat
| ‖ 櫂(かい) • (kai) ^(←かひ (kafi)?) ‖ 櫂(かじ) • (kaji) ^(←かぢ (kadi)?)
| ‖ oar, paddle ‖ Alternative form of 舵 (“rudder”)
|櫂 (eum 도 (do))
|
|
|產
|Hán-Nôm : trạc • Hán-Nôm : trạo
|
|櫂
|-
|-
|甥
|櫃
|From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sriŋ (“sister”), related by Coblin (1986) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”). \ Cognate with Tibetan སྲིང་མོ (sring mo), Kinnauri riŋz, Jangshung śiŋ, Chinese 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “life, birth”) and 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “family name”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruds) : semantic 木 (“wooden”) + phonetic 匱 (OC *ɡruds, “box”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sing • Middle-Chinese : sraeng
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuī • Middle-Chinese : gwijH
|sororal niece or sororal nephew • (obsolete) son-in-law
|cabinet; cupboard • wardrobe • counter • (Hong Kong, Taiwan) Short for 貨櫃／货柜 (huòguì, “shipping container”).
| ‖ 甥(おい) • (oi) ^(←をひ (wofi)?)
| ‖ 櫃(ひつ) • (hitsu)
| ‖ nephew
| ‖ chest (container) • 御櫃: a round container for cooked rice
|甥 (eumhun 생질 생 (saengjil saeng))
|櫃 • (gwe) · 櫃 • (gwe) (hangeul 궤, revised gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwe, Yale kwey)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cũi • Hán-Nôm : quĩ • Hán-Nôm : quầy • Hán-Nôm : quỹ
|
|
|櫃
|-
|櫓
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːʔ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 魯 (OC *raːʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Middle-Chinese : luX
|scull • large shield
| ‖ 櫓(やぐら) • (yagura)
| ‖ watchtower, turret
|櫓 (eumhun 방패 로 (bangpae ro), word-initial (South Korea) 방패 노 (bangpae no))
|hanja form of 로 (“(North Korea) oar”) • hanja form of 노 (“(South Korea) oar”)
|Hán-Nôm : lỗ
|
|
|甥
|櫓
|-
|-
|甩
|櫚
|This is a late character, and the divergent readings in various topolects may or may not be cognate. \ The Mandarin reading came from 摔 (shuāi, “to fling, to throw, to fall down”), which can be traced to *srut in Old Chinese. It can be compared with Tibetan རུད (rud, “slip, that which has slipped down, falling mass, landslides”), རུད་རུད་པོ (rud rud po, “loosened, disintegrated, rough”). \ The Cantonese reading is probably unrelated, though it may reflect a descendant of the archaic pronunciation *rut and hence be cognate with Mandarin. Either way, it is evidently from the same source as Min Nan 甪 (lut, “to come off, to slip loose”), Zhuang lot (“to come loose and drop off (due to loose tying)”), and Vietnamese lột (“to peel, to strip off”). May be compared with Tibetan ལོད་པོ (lod po, “relaxed, careless”), ལྷོད་པོ (lhod po, “relaxed, loose, lax”), and the Chinese word family of 兌 (*lot, > 脫 (“to come off”), 蛻 (“exuviae”)). Unlikely to be related to 落 (luò, “to fall, to drop off”). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄞˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sut ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lak¹
|(Mandarin, Hokkien, Wu) to toss; to throw; to fling • (Mandarin) to throw away; to discard • (Mandarin) to brush off; to abandon • (Mandarin) to swing • (dialectal Mandarin) to take off; to remove • (dialectal Mandarin) to heed; to take notice of • (dialectal Mandarin, of insects, zoology, etc.) to lay (eggs) • (Beijing Mandarin) to play (cards) • (Beijing Mandarin) Short for 甩賣／甩卖 (shuǎimài, “to sell at cheap prices”). • (Beijing Mandarin) to scold • (Sichuanese) perturbed; uneasy • (Cantonese) to come loose; to come off • (Cantonese) to escape from • (Cantonese) to fail to follow • (Cantonese) to sense by touch • (dialectal Cantonese) to fall down • (Wu) to strike; to box (about the ears) • (Wu) to shake off; to escape • (Wu) to wave; to rock • (Hokkien) to sprinkle; to spray • (Hokkien, vulgar) to heed; to pay attention to ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 㪐 (lak¹) (Used in 甩咳.)
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Middle-Chinese : ljo
|Used in 棕櫚／棕榈 (zōnglǘ) and 栟櫚／栟榈 (bīnglǘ). • Used in 花櫚／花榈.
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|櫚 • (ryeo>yeo) · 櫚 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
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|Hán-Nôm : soải • Hán-Nôm : súy • Hán-Nôm : suý
|Hán-Nôm : lư
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|甩
|櫚
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|甫
|櫛
|In oracle bone script, ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 屮 (“vegetation”) + 田 (“field”) – garden, original form of 圃. \ In bronze inscriptions, the components 屮 and 田 corrupted into 父 and 用 respectively. 父 (OC *paʔ, *baʔ) became a sound component, \ making the character phono-semantic (形聲／形声, OC *paʔ) . \ In the modern form the components have merged into a single shape. \ Probably cognate with 父 (OC *paʔ, “father”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with 方 (OC *paŋ, “just now”) (Pulleybank, 1962). Also compare Tibeto-Burman words for “to begin”: Proto-Kuki-Chin *pran, Jingpho hpang, Phom baŋ⁵⁵, Bahing preŋ. ‖ Sino-Tibetan. Endoactive of a root *PA(ʔ) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with 佈 (OC *paːs, “to spread; to display; to announce”), 博 (OC *paːɡ, “wide”), 溥 (OC *pʰaːʔ, “vast; wide”), 敷 (OC *pʰa, “to lay out; to apply”), 鋪 (OC *pʰa, *pʰaː, “to spread”) (Schuessler, 2007). Also compare Proto-Kuki-Chin *phaʔ (“to spread; to stretch”). ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsriɡ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 節 (OC *ʔsiːɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Middle-Chinese : pjuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Middle-Chinese : pjuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Middle-Chinese : pjuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄨˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou² ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : pou³ ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat • Middle-Chinese : tsrit
|(literary, honorific) A term of address for a man, usually as a suffix placed after a man's courtesy name. • (honorific) courtesy name of a man • a surname ‖ to begin • (literary or Hong Kong) just; just now ‖ great ‖ Alternative form of 圃 (pǔ) ‖ Used in place names. ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 鋪／铺 (“ten Chinese miles”) ‖ (Teochew) to fuck; to have sexual intercourse with
|comb • to comb out • to weed out; to eliminate
| ‖ 甫(はじめ) • (Hajime)
| ‖ 櫛(くし) • (kushi)
|for the first time; not until ‖ a male given name
| ‖ comb
|甫 • (bo) · 甫 • (bo) (hangeul 보, revised bo, McCune–Reischauer po, Yale po)
|櫛 (eum 즐 (jeul))
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|Hán-Nôm : phủ • Hán-Nôm : bo • Hán-Nôm : bô • Hán-Nôm : bố
|Hán-Nôm : trất
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|甫
|櫛
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|甸
|櫝
|Characters in the same phonetic series (田) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'iːŋs) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 田 (OC *l'iːŋ, “field”). \ Exopassive of 田 (OC *l'iːŋ, “field”), literally "what is being/has been cultivated" (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (田) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'iːŋs) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 田 (OC *l'iːŋ, “field”). \ Exopassive of 田 (OC *l'iːŋ, “field”), literally "what is being/has been cultivated" (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (田) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'iːŋs) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 田 (OC *l'iːŋ, “field”). \ Exopassive of 田 (OC *l'iːŋ, “field”), literally "what is being/has been cultivated" (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (田) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'iːŋs) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 田 (OC *l'iːŋ, “field”). \ Exopassive of 田 (OC *l'iːŋ, “field”), literally "what is being/has been cultivated" (Schuessler, 2007).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ). \ Compare Khmer ទូ (tuu), Lao ຕູ້ (tū), Thai ตู้ (dtûu), Vietnamese tủ.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tián • Middle-Chinese : denH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tin⁴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : duk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : duwk
|(literary) suburbs of the capital • (literary) field; open country; used in place names, chiefly in Yunnan and North-Eastern China • (obsolete) to govern • (obsolete) crops ‖ (chiefly Cantonese) Used in transcription. ‖ Only used in 沉甸甸 (chéndiàndiàn). ‖ to hunt (wild animals)
|box; case; casket • cabinet; wardrobe • closet
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|甸 • (jeon, seung) · 甸 • (jeon, seung) (hangeul 전, 승)
|cabinet, wardrobe, closet • chest • coffer
|櫝 (eum 독 (dok))
|box • coffin
|Hán-Nôm : độc
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|Hán-Nôm : điện • Hán-Nôm : điền
|櫝
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|甸
|-
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|畝
|櫥
|Originally written as 畮, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯʔ) : semantic 田 (“field”) + phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ). The phonetic component 每 was later replaced with 又, now written as the new phonetic component 久 (OC *kʷlɯʔ). The component 十 was added above 田 in the Warring States period and was later corrupted into 亠 in clerical script. \ Possibly Sino-Tibetan. Compare Tibetan རྨོ (rmo), རྨོས (rmos, “to plow”), རྨོད (rmod, “plowing”), རྨོན་པ (rmon pa, “plow-ox”), Karbi [Term?] (-mò, “classifier for strips of fields”) (Bodman, 1980; Baxter, 1992; Schuessler, 2007). \ Schuessler (2007) also suggests a connection to an Austroasiatic root, whence Old Khmer cval (“to enter; to penetrate; (of animals) to copulate”), Khmu [script needed] (cmɔɔl, “to plant (rice) with a digging stick”), [script needed] (crmɔɔl, “digging stick”) (cf. Ferlus, 1987). The semantic development would be “digging stick” > “plowing” > “mu”. He also connects this to 牡 (OC *mɯwʔ, “male animal”); see there for more.
|From 廚 (OC *do).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : mau⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bóo • Middle-Chinese : muwX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tû
|mu (a Chinese measuring unit currently equivalent to 666 and 2/3 meters squared in Mainland China) • (Classical) cropland
|cabinet; wardrobe; cupboard
| ‖ 畝(ほ) • (ho)
| ‖ mu (Chinese unit of surface area)
|畝 (eumhun 이랑 무 (irang mu)) · 畝 (eumhun 이랑 묘 (irang myo))
|hanja form of 무/묘 (“mu (Chinese unit of surface area)”)
|Hán-Nôm : mẩu • Hán-Nôm : mẫu
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|畝
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|畢
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 田 (“field”) + 𠦒 (“net”) – a net used for hunting in the field. Compare with 單
|Cantonese · Jyutping : bat¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pit • Middle-Chinese : pjit
|(obsolete) a long-handled small net for catching birds or rabbits • (～宿) (Chinese astronomy) Net (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions) • (obsolete) to catch (birds or rabbits) using such a net • (literary) the whole of; all; together • to end; to finish • a surname
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|畢 • (pil) · 畢 • (pil) (hangeul 필, revised pil, McCune–Reischauer p'il, Yale phil)
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|Hán-Nôm : tất
|Hán-Nôm : trù
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|畢
|櫥
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|-
|畫
|櫻
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 聿 (“pen brush”) + 画 (“a field (田) enclosed on four sides”). Meaning of "field boundaries recorded with a brush". ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 聿 (“pen brush”) + 画 (“a field (田) enclosed on four sides”). Meaning of "field boundaries recorded with a brush".
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːŋ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 嬰 (OC *qeŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ue̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uāi • Middle-Chinese : hweak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huā • Middle-Chinese : hweaH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing • Middle-Chinese : 'eang
|to write; to draw; to paint • to divide by a line • Alternative form of 劃／划 (“to devise”) • stroke of Chinese character ‖ drawing; painting; picture (Classifier: 幅 m c mn; 張／张 m) • decorated with paintings
|cherry (Classifier: 棵 m; 樖 c; 叢／丛 mn)
| ‖  
| ‖ 櫻(さくら) • (Sakura)
|Kyūjitai form of 画 (picture) ‖  
|Kyūjitai form of 桜 ‖ a female given name • a surname
|畫 (eumhun 그림 화 (geurim hwa)) ‖ 畫 (eumhun 그을 획 (geueul hoek))
|櫻 • (aeng) · 櫻 • (aeng) (hangeul 앵, revised aeng, McCune–Reischauer aeng, Yale ayng)
|hanja form of 화 (“picture; drawing; painting”) ‖ Alternative form of 劃 (“hanja form of 획 (“to draw a line; to mark”)”)
|Hán-Nôm : họa • Hán-Nôm : hoạ • Hán-Nôm : hoạch • Hán-Nôm : vạch • Hán-Nôm : vệt • Hán-Nôm : dạch • Hán-Nôm : vệch
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|畫
|Hán-Nôm : anh
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|當
|Characters in the same phonetic series (尚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs) : phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 田 (“field”) – fields facing each other. \ 當 (OC *taːŋs, “right; suitable; ought to”) (pronunciation 2) is the exopassive derivation of 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to have the value of; to be equal of; to face; vis-à-vis”) (pronunciation 1), literally "what is being matched". \ 黨 (OC *taːŋʔ, “class; party”) is the endoactive derivation of 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to be equal of”), literally "that which is equal in rank" (Schuessler, 2007). \ Perhaps cognate with Tibetan དང (dang, “(together) with; and”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (尚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs) : phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 田 (“field”) – fields facing each other. \ 當 (OC *taːŋs, “right; suitable; ought to”) (pronunciation 2) is the exopassive derivation of 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to have the value of; to be equal of; to face; vis-à-vis”) (pronunciation 1), literally "what is being matched". \ 黨 (OC *taːŋʔ, “class; party”) is the endoactive derivation of 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to be equal of”), literally "that which is equal in rank" (Schuessler, 2007). \ Perhaps cognate with Tibetan དང (dang, “(together) with; and”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ 擋 (OC *taːŋʔ, *taːŋs, “to block; to obstruct”) is a derivative and was originally also written as 當 (Wang, 1982). ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : dong¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tong • Middle-Chinese : tang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòng • Middle-Chinese : tangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong¹ • Middle-Chinese : tangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˇ • Middle-Chinese : tangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄉㄤ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tong
|to face; to turn towards • to bear; to withstand; to resist • to undertake; to manage; to take charge of • to work as; to serve as • to match equally; to equal; to be equal to • just at the time of; just happen (to be at a certain moment) • just at (a place); at or in the very same • to meet; to happen to • (literary) still; to be • to regard something/someone as; to think; to treat something/someone as • (literary) to make a judgement; to sentence • ought; should • gap; space; break • a surname ‖ to match; to be equal to • (obsolete) to lead; to manage • proper; suitable; adequate; fitting; appropriate • to regard as; to consider as; to treat as • to think • to pawn; to put in pawn • pawn; something pawned • pawnshop (often used in names of pawnshops) • trick; fraud; deception • (Taiwan, slang, of teachers or professors) to fail someone ‖ Alternative form of 擋／挡 (“to block; to obstruct”) ‖ the same (day etc.) ‖ to take sides ‖ Alternative form of 噹／当 (“clang; clank; ding-dong”) ‖ A meaningless suffix. ‖ (Southern Min) at the time; right now; just happen
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|Kyūjitai form of 当
|櫻
|當 (eumhun 마땅할 당 (mattanghal dang))
|hanja form of 당 (“appropriate”)
|Hán-Nôm : đương • Hán-Nôm : đáng • Hán-Nôm : đang
|chữ Hán form of đang (“currently; just; now”).
|當
|-
|-
|畸
|欖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːmʔ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 覽 (OC *ɡ·raːmʔ). \ See 橄欖／橄榄 (gǎnlǎn).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam² • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ná • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lám • Middle-Chinese : lamX
|(in compounds or dialectal) olive
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : kje
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|欖 • (ram>nam) · 欖 • (ram>nam) (hangeul 람>남, revised ram>nam, McCune–Reischauer ram>nam, Yale lam>nam)
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|Hán-Nôm : lãm
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|畸 • (gi) · 畸 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|欖
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|畸
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|疆
|欧
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaŋ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 彊 (OC *kaŋs, *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ). \ Variant or allofam of 境 (OC *kraŋʔ, “boundary”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiang • Middle-Chinese : kjang
|boundary; border; frontier • territory • limit; bound • (Hsinchu and Magong Hokkien) very big bowl • Short for 新疆 (Xīnjiāng). • a surname
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|boundary
|疆 • (gang) · 疆 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)
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|Hán-Nôm : cưng • Hán-Nôm : câng • Hán-Nôm : cương
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|
|疆
| ‖ 欧(おう) • (ō) ‖ 欧(おう) • (Ō)
|-
|Europe ‖ Short for ヨーロッパ／欧羅巴 (Yōroppa, “Europe (a continent)”). ‖ Short for ヨーロッパ／欧羅巴 (Yōroppa, “Europe (a continent)”).
|疙
| ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Middle-Chinese : ngj+t ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ
|^‡ dull-minded ‖ Used in compounds.
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|疙 • (heul) · 疙 • (heul) (hangeul 흘, revised heul, McCune–Reischauer hŭl, Yale hul)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : ngật • Hán-Nôm : ngất
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|
|疙
|欧
|-
|-
|疚
|欽
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiù • Middle-Chinese : kjuwH ‖
|chronic disease; chronic illness • guilt; sorrow ‖ (Cantonese, dated in Standard Cantonese) tired
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khim • Middle-Chinese : khim
|to respect; to admire; to venerate • respectful • by the emperor personally • (obsolete) bent; twisted • a surname
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|
|疚 • (gu) · 疚 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
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|
|欽 • (heum) · 欽 • (heum) (hangeul 흠, revised heum, McCune–Reischauer hŭm, Yale hum)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : khâm • Hán-Nôm : khom
|
|
|疚
|欽
|-
|-
|疤
|歎
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praː) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa
|scar; cicatrix (Classifier: 道 m; 條／条 m c) • mark (on a tool or implement) (Classifier: 道 m; 條／条 m c)
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan³ • Middle-Chinese : thanH
|Alternative form of 嘆 (tàn, “to sigh; to chant; to praise”) • one of 24 literary genres from the Zhou dynasty • a surname.
| ‖
| ‖
|歎 (eumhun 탄식할 탄 (tansikhal tan))
|hanja form of 탄 (“sigh”)
|canonical : 歎: Hán Việt readings: thán 歎: Nôm readings: than • canonical : thăn
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|
|疤 • (pa) · 疤 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha)
|歎
|-
|歐
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoː, *qoːʔ) : phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo) + semantic 欠 (“to yawn; to exhale”) – to vomit (original form of 嘔).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : au • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io • Middle-Chinese : 'uw
|Short for 歐羅巴／欧罗巴 (Ōuluóbā, “Europe”). • Short for 歐盟／欧盟 (Ōuméng, “European Union”). • Short for 歐元／欧元 (ōuyuán, “euro”). • Short for 歐姆／欧姆 (ōumǔ, “ohm”). • Alternative form of 謳／讴 (ōu, “to sing”) • Alternative form of 毆／殴 (ōu, “to beat; to strike”) • a surname
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|
|Hán-Nôm : ba
|Europe
|歐 (eumhun 구라파 구 (gurapa gu))
|hanja form of 구 (“Europe”)
|Hán-Nôm : âu
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|疤
|歐
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|-
|疹
|歟
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la, *laʔ, *las) : phonetic 與 (OC *la, *laʔ, *las) + semantic 欠. \ ; question particle
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Middle-Chinese : yo • Middle-Chinese : yoX • Middle-Chinese : yoH
|Sentence-final particle used to express an exclamatory, doubtful or questioning tone
| ‖  
| ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : can² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsín • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hm̂ • Middle-Chinese : tsyinX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˋ
| ‖  
|measles; rash ‖ Alternative form of 疢 (chèn, “fever; sickness; disease”)
|歟 (eum 여 (yeo))
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|Hán-Nôm : ru
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|疹 • (jin) · 疹 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin)
|歟
|
|Hán-Nôm : chẩn
|
|疹
|-
|-
|疼
|歿
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dɯːŋ, *duːŋ) : semantic 疒 (“sickness”) + phonetic 冬 (OC *tuːŋ). \ Wang (1982) suggests that it is cognate with 痛 (OC *l̥ʰoːŋs, “painful”). \ Coblin (1986) derives it from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gdəngw (“pain; hurt”), comparing it to Tibetan གདུང་བ (gdung ba, “to feel pain”) and keeping it separate from the word family with 痛. Schuessler (2007) notes that this is a post-classical word. ‖ Unclear. Possibly from 聽 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋs, “to allow > to love”) (Li and Chen, 1991). ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯːd) : semantic 歹 (“death”) + abbreviated phonetic 沒 (OC *mɯːd)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : tang⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tung⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Middle-Chinese : downg ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiànn ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : tung³
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mut⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mwot
|painful; aching; sore • to be fond of; to love ‖ (Eastern Min, Southern Min) painful; aching; sore • (Eastern Min, Southern Min) to love; to cherish ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 痛 (“painful; aching; sore; to be fond of; to love”)
|(literary) to die • Alternative form of 沒／没 · to sink • Alternative form of 沒／没 · to have no
| ‖ 歿(ぼつ) • (-botsu)
|to die ‖ died in
|歿 • (mol) · 歿 • (mol) (hangeul 몰, revised mol, McCune–Reischauer mol, Yale mol)
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|
|
|
|疼 • (dong) · 疼 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune–Reischauer tong, Yale tong)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : đông • Hán-Nôm : đầng • Hán-Nôm : thấng • Hán-Nôm : thầng • Hán-Nôm : thậng • Hán-Nôm : đậng
|歿
|-
|残
|
|
|疼
|-
|痊
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun⁴ • Middle-Chinese : tshjwen
|to recover (from illness)
|
|
| ‖ 残(ざん) • (zan) ‖ 残(ざん) • (zan)
| ‖ the remainder; leftover; residue ‖ remain, remaining • damage, damaged, defective • cruel
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|
|痊 • (jeon) · 痊 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
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|
|
|
|
|
|痊
|残
|-
|-
|痰
|殤
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːm) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 炎 (OC *ɦlam).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâm • Middle-Chinese : dam
|phlegm; sputum (Classifier: 口 m; 篤／笃 c; 啖 c)
| ‖ 痰(たん) • (tan)
|phlegm; sputum ‖ phlegm
|痰 • (dam) · 痰 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam, Yale tam)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siong • Middle-Chinese : syang
|(literary) to die young; to die whilst a child • (literary) a person who has died young • (literary) mourning for such a death • (literary) to die in battle • (literary) a person who has died in battle
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|
|
|
|痰
|殤 (eum 상 (sang))
|-
|瘍
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋ) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 昜 (OC *laŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iûnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Middle-Chinese : yang
|sore; ulcer; carbuncle • to ulcerate; to fester
|
|
|swelling • boil • tumor
|Hán-Nôm : thương
|瘍 • (yang) · 瘍 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang)
|
|
|
|殤
|
|瘍
|-
|-
|瘟
|殮
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : un
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ljemH
|epidemic; plague; pestilence
|to put a dead body into a coffin
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|
|contagious disease
|to encoffin
|瘟 • (on) · 瘟 • (on) (hangeul 온, revised on, McCune–Reischauer on, Yale on)
|殮 • (ryeom>yeom) · 殮 • (ryeom>yeom) (hangeul 렴>염, revised ryeom>yeom, McCune–Reischauer ryŏm>yŏm, Yale lyem>yem)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : ôn
|Hán-Nôm : liệm • Hán-Nôm : liễm • Hán-Nôm : lịm
|
|
|瘟
|殮
|-
|-
|瘤
|殯
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·ru, *m·rus) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 留 (OC *m·ru, *m·rus).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pins) : semantic 歹 + phonetic 賓 (OC *mpin).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liû • Middle-Chinese : ljuw • Middle-Chinese : ljuwH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pìn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin • Middle-Chinese : pjinH
|tumor (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (regional) bump; swelling; bruise (Classifier: 個／个 c)
|to lay a coffin in a memorial hall; to encoffin a corpse • to carry the body to the bury place or crematorium; to carry to burial • prepared, but not buried corpse
|
|
|bump • swelling or tumor
|(Shinto) A funerary practice of enshrining the deceased in a casket at a special location during a period of mourning before a formal burial, specifically for royalty or nobility
|瘤 • (ryu>yu) · 瘤 • (ryu>yu) (hangeul 류>유, revised ryu>yu, McCune–Reischauer ryu>yu, Yale lyu>yu)
|殯 (eum 빈 (bin))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lựu
|Hán-Nôm : tấn
|
|
|瘤
|殯
|-
|-
|瘦
|殲
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *srus) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 叟 (OC *suːʔ). ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsem) : semantic 歹 + phonetic 韱 (OC *sem).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : só • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sóo • Middle-Chinese : srjuwH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : sán
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiam • Middle-Chinese : tsjem
|(of a person or animal) thin; slender; skinny • (of meat) lean • to lose weight; to become thin ‖ (Southern Min) Alternative form of 㾪
|to annihilate; to wipe out; to kill off; to destroy
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|
|Kyūjitai form of 痩 (to become thin; to lose weight)
|annihilate, eradicate, wipe out
|瘦 • (su) · 瘦 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|殲 (eumhun 다죽일 섬 (dajugil seom))
|thin • emaciated • lean • meager
|hanja form of 섬 (“annihilation”)
|Hán-Nôm : sấu • Hán-Nôm : xấu
|canonical : 殲: Hán Việt readings: tiêm 殲: Nôm readings: tiêm
|
|
|瘦
|殲
|-
|-
|瘩
|殴
|Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 荅 (dá). ‖ Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 荅 (dá).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄉㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tah ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄚˊ
|Only used in 疙瘩 (gēda), etc. ‖ Only used in 瘩背.
|
|
|
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|Hán-Nôm : đáp
|to hit
|
|
|瘩
|-
|瘸
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷal) : semantic 疒 (“sickness”) + phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl) + semantic 肉 (“flesh”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ke⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : koe⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khêr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiô • Middle-Chinese : gjwa
|lame; crippled
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|殴
|Hán-Nôm : qua • Hán-Nôm : cài
|
|瘸
|-
|-
|療
|殼
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rews) : semantic 疒 (“disease”) + phonetic 尞 ().
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰroːɡ) : semantic 几 + phonetic 𣪊 (). Originally written as 㱿 (què), see there for more.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Middle-Chinese : ljewH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hok³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khok • Middle-Chinese : khaewk
|to treat; to cure; to heal • therapy; treatment
|shell; husk; hull; skin; casing • (Cantonese) ladle
|
|
|heal • cure
|husk; shell
|療 (eumhun 고칠 료 (gochil ryo), word-initial (South Korea) 고칠 요 (gochil yo))
|殼 (eumhun 껍질 각 (kkeopjil gak))
|hanja form of 료/요 (“heal; cure”)
|hanja form of 각 (“shell; husk; hull; skin; casing”)
|Hán-Nôm : liệu
|Hán-Nôm : xác • Hán-Nôm : nôi
|
|
|療
|殼
|-
|癌
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 嵒 (OC *ŋrɯːm, *ŋjab); 嵒／岩 (yán) is a variant of 岩 (yán). \ From 岩 (yán, “cliff; rock, stone”), since some cancers present as lumps or outgrowths on the body. \ In Mandarin, this character used to be pronounced identically as 岩 (yán). Its pronunciation was changed to ái in December 1962 to avoid the homophony between 癌 (yán, “cancer”) and 炎 (yán, “inflammation”) (compare 肺炎 (fèiyán, “pneumonia”) and 肺癌 (fèi'ái, “lung cancer”)). The new pronunciation ái stems from dialectal pronunciations of 岩 (“rock; cliff”) /ŋai/, influenced by 崖 (yá, yái, “cliff”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâm
|cancer; carcinoma
| ‖ 癌(がん) or 癌(ガン) • (gan)
|cancer ‖ (medicine, oncology, pathology) cancer • (figurative) cancer
|癌 (eumhun 암 암 (am am))
|hanja form of 암 (“cancer”)
|canonical : 癌: Hán Việt readings: nham 癌: Nôm readings: nham
|chữ Hán form of nham (“cancer, mainly in compounds”).
|癌
|-
|-
|癖
|毁
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰeɡ, *pʰeːɡ) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰeɡ, *pʰeːɡ) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiak • Middle-Chinese : phjiek • Middle-Chinese : phek ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : phia̍h
|craving; disposition; addiction; habit; weakness for • (Hokkien) temperament; attitude; disposition • (traditional Chinese medicine) Alternative form of 痞 (pǐ, “lump in the abdomen; splenomegaly; indigestion”) ‖ (Hokkien) measles • (Mainland China Hokkien) rash (in general)
| ‖ 癖(くせ) • (kuse) ^(←くせ (kuse)?) ‖ 癖(へき) • (heki) ^(←へき (feki)?)
|habit; tendency ‖ habit; tendency • unusual trait; peculiarity • a bend or distortion that cannot be easily straightened or flattened · kink; curl (in hair) • a bend or distortion that cannot be easily straightened or flattened · crease (in clothing) ‖ habit; tendency
|癖 (eumhun 버릇 벽 (beoreut byeok))
|hanja form of 벽 (“habit”)
|
|
|
|
|癖
|-
|發
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pad) : semantic 弓 (“bow”) + phonetic 癹 (OC *pʰaːd, *baːd). \ STEDT compares 發 (OC *pad) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-p(r)ats (“to vomit”), whence Proto-Lolo-Burmese *C-pat (“to vomit”) (> Burmese ပစ် (pac, “to shoot, to throw, to eject”)) and Jingpho ǹ-phàt (“to vomit”). \ According to Schuessler (2007), this is an area word; compare Proto-Vietic *ɓah (“to vomit”), Mon ပန် (“to shoot”). \ A derivation is probably 廢 (OC *pads, “to cast aside”). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hua̍t • Middle-Chinese : pjot ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : faak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faak⁶
|to shoot; to launch • to issue · to distribute • to issue · to ship; to send for delivery • to issue · to post; to send message • to issue · to publish • to issue · to emit • to issue · to escape • to issue · (chiefly of plants or plant parts) to grow out; (of flowers) to blossom • to issue · (Hokkien) to grow out (teeth, etc.) • to issue • to depart; to leave • to dispatch • to expand; to extend; to spread · to rise; to emerge • to expand; to extend; to spread · (colloquial) to gain wealth; to become rich; to make a fortune • to expand; to extend; to spread · (of food) to rise, expand, or become porous, especially as a result of leavening • to expand; to extend; to spread · (of food) to rise, expand, or become porous, especially as a result of leavening · (Mainland China Hokkien) to become fluffy and large or bloom like a flower due to leavening • to expand; to extend; to spread • to initiate; to give start to • to generate; to produce • to become; to get into a certain state • ^⁜ to open; to remove what seals, blocks, or shuts • to make manifest; to express; to act out • (figurative, of the mind) to make clear; to enlighten; to open up; to stimulate • Classifier for ammunition. • (slang) Classifier for ejaculation. • (Hokkien) to show effect; to break out • (Mainland China Hokkien) to go bad; to deteriorate; to become rotten • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to have quicklime react by mixing with water • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) stirred with water and squeezed repeatedly becoming dense and flexible (of flour, earth, etc.) ‖ bent; crooked • Used in 發發／发发 (bōbō, “numerous; sound of strong wind or fish jumping”). ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 𢪎 (“to whip; to whisk”)
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 発
|發 (eumhun 필 발 (pil bal))
|hanja form of 발 (“to shoot; to emit; to discharge”) [affix] • hanja form of 발 (“departing from; originating from”) [suffix]
|Hán-Nôm : phát • Hán-Nôm : phắt • Hán-Nôm : phết
|
|
|發
|-
|皂
|Variant form of 皁／皂 (zào), in turn a variant form of 早 retaining its original sense (see there for more).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǒo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǒ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsô
|black • Short for 皂斗 (“acorn”). • Short for 皂莢／皂荚 (zàojiá, “Chinese honey locust (Gleditsia sinensis)”). • soap • yamen runner
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|canonical : 皂: Hán Việt readings: tạo • canonical : sàu • canonical : sạu • canonical : tạu • canonical : sạo
|
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|皂
|毁
|-
|-
|皓
|毆
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːʔ) : semantic 白 (“white”) + phonetic 告 (OC *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ). \ Compare Proto-Tai *xaːwᴬ (“white”) (whence Zhuang hau and Thai ขาว (kǎao)) and Proto-Hlai *kʰaːw (“white”) (Matisoff, 1988).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoːʔ) : phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo) + semantic 殳 (“action”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoːʔ) : phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo) + semantic 殳 (“action”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hō • Middle-Chinese : hawX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : au² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Hokkien · Tai-lo : au • Middle-Chinese : 'uwX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : au³
|bright white; luminous white; shimmering white (e.g. of the moon, or of a beautiful woman) • white-haired; hoary • (～日) (telegraphy) the nineteenth day of a month • a surname • Alternative form of 昊 (hào, “vast (of the sky)”)
|to beat; to fight with fists; to hit; to strike; to brawl • a surname ‖ (Cantonese) to beat; to hit
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|
|
|
|皓 • (ho) · 皓 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)
|毆 (eum 구 (gu))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ẩu
|
|
|毆
|-
|毋
|Characters in the same phonetic series (母) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ In the oracle bone script, 母 (“mother”) was borrowed to represent this character. It was later specialized to distinguish it from “mother”, replacing the two dots with one stroke. \ Cognate with 無 (OC *ma, “to not have”). Already in Zhou time, phonetically confused with and read like 無 (OC *ma). \ Cognate with 唔 in Cantonese, Teochew and Hakka.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : m̄ • Middle-Chinese : mju
|(literary) do not, don't • (literary or Hakka, Hokkien) not • (literary) Alternative form of 無／无 (“to not have”) • a surname
|
|
|皓
|do not, must not, be not • "mother" radical
|毋 • (mu) · 毋 • (mu) (hangeul 무, revised mu, McCune–Reischauer mu, Yale mu)
|do not • not • surname • rad. 80
|canonical : 毋: Hán Việt readings: vô
|chữ Hán form of vô (“don't, no need”).
|毋
|-
|-
|皖
|毓
|This term (Wǎn) is used to refer to the Anhui province of eastern China because there were historically a State of Wan, a Mount Wan, and a Wan River in the province. ‖ This term (Wǎn) is used to refer to the Anhui province of eastern China because there were historically a State of Wan, a Mount Wan, and a Wan River in the province.
|Pictogram (象形) : 每 + 㐬 – a woman giving birth. A woman 每 squatting on left, with child head down on right 㐬. The top part of 㐬 is 子 inverted, an abstracted body with a head at the bottom; compare 充. The lines (川) below head are amniotic fluid coming out. \ A later alternative form is 育. \ Alternately considered a Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *luɡ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 每 (“woman”) + phonetic 𠫓 (, “child”) + semantic 川 (“amniotic fluid”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : hwaenX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io̍k • Middle-Chinese : yuwk
|Alternative name for 安徽 (Ānhuī, “Anhui province”). ‖ bright; bright star
|(formal) to give birth; to procreate; to foster; to rear; to bring up • a surname
|
|
|Venus (Astronomy)
|kyūjitai form of 育
|皖 • (hwan) · 皖 • (hwan) (hangeul 환, revised hwan, McCune–Reischauer hwan, Yale hwan)
|毓 (eum 육 (yuk))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hoản
|Hán-Nôm : dục
|
|
|皖
|毓
|-
|-
|盈
|毗
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 夃 (“exceed/augment”) + 皿 (“vessel”) – to add too much (liquid) to a vessel. \ Compare Proto-Tibeto-Burman *(p/b)liŋ (“full; fill”), whence Chepang ब्लीङ्सा (bliŋ‑, “to be full; fill”), Burmese ပြည့် (prany., “to be full”), Burmese ဖြည့် (hprany., “to add”) (Schuessler, 2007, STEDT). An allofam is perhaps 孕 (OC *lɯŋs, “pregnant”), as well as 填 (OC *diːn, *diːns, *tin, *tins, “to fill up”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bi) : semantic 囟 + phonetic 比 (OC *piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : innh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng • Middle-Chinese : yeng
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Middle-Chinese : bjij
|to fill; to be full of; to be filled with • to have a surplus; to have excess • (of a person's body, or handwriting) well-developed; full-grown; shapely; curvaceous; plump • (obsolete) vigorous; exuberant • (literary) to reach • (literary) to increase • (obsolete) proud; arrogant • a surname
| ‖ 盈(えい) • (ei)
|fill • surplus ‖ to be full; to be filled; (of moon) to wax
|盈 • (yeong) · 盈 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng, Yale yeng)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : dềnh • Hán-Nôm : doanh • Hán-Nôm : giềng • Hán-Nôm : diềng • Hán-Nôm : riêng
|
|
|盈
|help • assist • connect • adjoin
|毗 (eum 비 (bi))
|help, assist • connect, adjoin
|Hán-Nôm : tì
|
|毗
|-
|-
|盒
|毽
|From 合 (OC *ɡuːb, “to be together; to close”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 毛 (“feather”) + phonetic 建. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a̍p • Middle-Chinese : hop
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiàn ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : jin³⁻²
|box; case (generally small, with a lid) (Classifier: 個／个 c) • Classifier for boxes or cases.
|shuttlecock used in jianzi sport ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 燕 (jin³⁻², “shuttlecock used in jianzi sport”)
|
|
|
|盒 • (hap) · 盒 • (hap) (hangeul 합, revised hap, McCune–Reischauer hap, Yale hap)
|
|
|canonical : 盒: Hán Việt readings: hạp 盒: Nôm readings: hạp • canonical : hộp • canonical : ộp • canonical : thạp
|chữ Hán form of hạp (“box, container”). • Nôm form of hộp (“box”).
|盒
|-
|盔
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khue • Middle-Chinese : khwoj
|helmet • bowl; basin
|
|
|helmet • bowl; basin
|Hán-Nôm : kiện
|盔 • (hoe) · 盔 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : khôi
|毽
|-
|氐
|Pictogram (象形) : 氏 (“(bowing figure)”) + 一 – as with 氏, but with an empty circle (then a line, today either a line or a point) underneath: a bowing figure standing on the ground or depicted while lifting something from the ground. ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : te • Middle-Chinese : tej ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : té ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓ • Middle-Chinese : trij
|Di (ethnic group) • (～宿) (Chinese astronomy) Root (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions) • Original form of 低 (dī, “to lower; to bow”). • Original form of 低 (dī, “cheap; inexpensive”). ‖ (literary) Original form of 柢 (dǐ, “root of a tree”). • (literary) Original form of 柢 (dǐ, “basis; fundamental”). • (literary) Original form of 抵 (dǐ, “to reach; to arrive”). • (literary) Original form of 抵 (dǐ, “to match; to be equal to”). ‖ Only used in 氐池 (“an ancient county”).
| ‖ 氐(てい) • (Tei)
|Di (ancient ethnic group in western China) ‖ (Chinese astronomy) Root, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions • (historical) Di: an ancient ethnic group in western China
|氐 (eum 저 (jeo))
|foundation; basis; origin
|Hán-Nôm : đê
|
|
|盔
|氐
|-
|-
|盜
|氖
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 㳄 (“spitting man”) + 皿 (“dish”) – a man spitting into a dish, an oath among thieves.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 气 (“gas”) + phonetic 乃.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo • Middle-Chinese : dawH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naai⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nái
|(transitive) to steal • ^⁜ illegally • ^⁜ thief; robber
|(chemistry) neon
|
|
|
|
|盜 (eumhun 도둑 도 (doduk do))
|氖 • (nae) · 氖 • (nae) (hangeul 내, revised nae, McCune–Reischauer nae, Yale nay)
|hanja form of 도 (“thief”)
|Hán-Nôm : đạo
|
|
|盜
|-
|盡
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 聿 (“hand holding a brush”) + 灬 (“bristles”) + 皿 (“dish”) – cleaning a dish with a brush – empty. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dzin (“to exhaust; to come to an end”). Cognate with Tibetan ཟིན (zin, “to be finished; to draw near an end”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsīn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǐn • Middle-Chinese : dzinX
|to end; to finish; to be exhausted • to reach the end • to exhaust; to use to the fullest extent • to die • all; completely; entirely
|
|
|exhaust, use up
|盡 • (jin) · 盡 • (jin) (hangeul 진)
|exhaust, use up • deplete
|Hán-Nôm : tận • Hán-Nôm : hết
|
|
|盡
|氖
|-
|-
|盯
|氟
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rteŋʔ, *rdeŋ) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 气 (“gas”) + phonetic 弗. \ From earlier 弗氣／弗气, 弗素, which is probably an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 弗素, where 弗(ふつ) (futsu) was used phonetically.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ting • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàn • Middle-Chinese : draeng • Middle-Chinese : traengX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hu̍t
|to gaze upon; to keep eyes on; to stare at
|(chemistry) fluorine
|
|
|to stare, to fix one's eyes on
|fluorine
|氟 • (bul) · 氟 • (bul) (hangeul 불, revised bul, McCune–Reischauer pul, Yale pul)
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đinh
|
|
|盯
|氟
|-
|-
|盹
|氤
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːnʔ, *tjuns) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːnʔ, *tjuns) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deon⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tùn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuh • Middle-Chinese : tsywinH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄣ
|doze; nap; nod ‖ Alternative form of 𥇜
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'jin
|(literary) misty and heavy atmosphere • Only used in 氤氳／氤氲 (yīnyūn).
|
|
|盹 • (sun) · 盹 • (sun) (hangeul 순, revised sun, McCune–Reischauer sun, Yale swun)
|
|
|氤 (eum 인 (in))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nhân
|
|
|盹
|氤
|-
|-
|盼
|氦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰrɯːns) : semantic 目 + phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 气 (“gas”) + phonetic 亥 (hài). \ Borrowed from New Latin helium.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : paan³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phàn • Middle-Chinese : pheanH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǎi
|(archaic, of the eyes) with pupils and whites clearly separated; clear and bright • to look; to see • to hope for; to long for; to expect; to look forward to
|(chemistry) helium
|
|helium, He
|氦 • (hae) · 氦 • (hae) (hangeul 해)
|helium
|
|
|look • gaze • expect • hope for
|盼 • (ban) · 盼 • (ban) (hangeul 반)
|look • gaze • expect • hope for
|Hán-Nôm : phán
|
|
|盼
|氦
|-
|-
|眨
|氫
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 气 (“air; gas”) + abbreviated phonetic 輕 (qīng, “light; of low density”). \ From 輕／轻 (qīng, “light; of low density”) in 輕氣／轻气 [19th c.]. So named as hydrogen gas is lighter than air.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khin
|(chemistry) hydrogen • hydrogen gas
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaam² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsha̍p • Middle-Chinese : tsreap
|to blink; to wink • (Hakka) to close one's eyes
|
|
|wink
|氫 • (gyeong) · 氫 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
|眨 • (jap) · 眨 • (jap) (hangeul 잡, revised jap, McCune–Reischauer chap, Yale cap)
|wink
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : khinh
|
|
|眨
|氫
|-
|-
|眶
|氷
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwaang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong¹ • Middle-Chinese : khjwang
|eye socket, cranial orbit • rim of the eye; skin around the eyes
|
|
|
|
| ‖ 氷(こおり) • (kōri) ^(←こほり (kofori)?) ‖ 氷(こおり) • (Kōri) ^(←こほり (kofori)?) ‖ 氷(ひ) • (hi) ‖ 氷(ひょう) • (hyō)
| ‖ ice (frozen water) • a cold and sharp object, as a shard of ice • Short for 氷水 (kōrimizu): ice water; water filled with ice • Short for 氷襲 (kōrigasane): layered clothing with the front shining white and plain white at the back ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ ice (frozen water) • hail (precipitated ice) ‖ ice • freeze, congeal • icy, cold
|氷 (eumhun 얼음 빙 (eoreum bing))
|hanja form of 빙 (“ice”)
|Hán-Nôm : băng
|
|
|氷
|-
|汀
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋs) : semantic 水 (“river”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋs) : semantic 水 (“river”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋs) : semantic 水 (“river”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ting¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thing • Middle-Chinese : theng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˋ • Middle-Chinese : thengH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥˋ
|islet; shore, sandbar, shoal, sandbank ‖ Only used in 汀瀅. ‖ Only used in 汀濘.
| ‖
|beach, shore, water's edge ‖
|汀 (eumhun 물가 정 (mulga jeong))
|hanja form of 정 (“shore”)
|Hán-Nôm : đênh • Hán-Nôm : đinh • Hán-Nôm : thinh
|
|
|汀
|-
|汐
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljaːɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 夕 (OC *ljaːɡ). \ From 夕 (OC *ljaːɡ, “evening”). Compare 潮 (OC *r'ew, “morning tide; tide”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍k • Middle-Chinese : zjek
|evening tide; night tides; ebb
|
|
|eventide • tide • salt water • opportunity
|汐 (eumhun 조수 석 (josu seok))
|hanja form of 석 (“night tides”)
|Hán-Nôm : tách • Hán-Nôm : tịch
|
|
|眶
|汐
|-
|-
|眷
|汕
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krons) : phonetic 龹 () + semantic 目 (“eye”). ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sreːnʔ, *sraːns) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 山 (OC *sreːn).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuàn • Middle-Chinese : kjwenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢˋ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suànn • Middle-Chinese : sreanX • Middle-Chinese : sraenH
|relatives ‖ (literary) take interest in; care for
|(of fish) moving • basket for catching fish • to catch fish • to rinse • Short for 汕頭／汕头 (Shàntóu).
|
|
|
|
|眷 (eum 권 (gwon))
|汕 • (san) · 汕 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : quyến • Hán-Nôm : quấn • Hán-Nôm : cuốn • Hán-Nôm : quẹn
|Hán-Nôm : sươn • Hán-Nôm : sán • Hán-Nôm : sớn
|
|
|眷
|汕
|-
|-
|眺
|汚
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰeːws) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 兆 (OC *l'ewʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tiu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiàu • Middle-Chinese : thewH
|to cast sidelong glances • (alt. form 覜／眺) to gaze afar; to look from a distance See also: 眺望 • to look at; to gaze • (archaic, Buddhism) to examine; to investigate • ^‡ to avoid
|
|
|to look at; to gaze
|眺 (eumhun 바라볼 조 (barabol jo))
|hanja form of 조 (“to look at; to gaze”)
|Hán-Nôm : thiếu
|
|
|眺
|
| ‖ 汚(お) • (o) ^(←を (wo)?)
|dirty • pollute • disgrace • rape • defile ‖ dirty
|汚 (eumhun 더러울 오 (deoreoul o))
|hanja form of 오 (“dirty”)
|Hán-Nôm : ô • Hán-Nôm : ố
|
|汚
|-
|-
|睛
|污
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ) : semantic 目 + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ) : semantic 目 + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ) : semantic 目 + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Middle-Chinese : tsjeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshíng • Middle-Chinese : tshjengX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshíng
|eyeball • pupil of eye ‖ (literary) Only used in 眳睛. ‖ (Hokkien) Only used in 覷睛／觑睛.
|
|
|
|
|睛 (eumhun 눈동자 정 (nundongja jeong))
|hanja form of 정 (“pupil”)
|
|
|
|
|睛
|-
|睫
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔseb) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 疌 (OC *zeb)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zit⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tseeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tseh • Middle-Chinese : tsjep
|eyelash
|
|
|eyelashes
|污 • (o) · 污 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o)
|睫 • (cheop) · 睫 • (cheop) (hangeul 첩, revised cheop, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏp, Yale chep)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tiệp
|Hán-Nôm : ô • Hán-Nôm : ố
|
|
|睫
|污
|-
|-
|睬
|汲
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰɯːʔ) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 采 (OC *sʰɯːʔ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯb) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 及 (OC *ɡrɯb).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄞˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshái
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kap¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khip • Middle-Chinese : kip
|to notice, to pay attention to; to heed
|to draw water from a well • Used in 汲取 (jíqǔ, “to draw (from a lesson, experience, etc.)”). • (obsolete) to guide; to assist • (obsolete) to nominate; to recommend a person • Used in 汲汲 (jíjí). • a surname
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|(of water) to draw; to scoop; to ladle; to pump • (of feelings) to understand; to consider
|汲 • (geup) · 汲 • (geup) (hangeul 급, revised geup, McCune–Reischauer kŭp, Yale kup)
|to draw water from a well
|canonical : 汲: Hán Việt readings: cấp 汲: Nôm readings: ngập • canonical : bập • canonical : gập
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|睬 • (chae) · 睬 • (chae) (hangeul 채)
|汲
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|Hán-Nôm : thải • Hán-Nôm : thái
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|睬
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|睹
|汾
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːʔ) : semantic 目 + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ). \ Proposed to be cognate with Tibetan ལྟ (lta, “to look at, to see”) (LaPolla, 1994), which is derived from Proto-Bodic *l-ta-s/t (“to see, to look”) (STEDT). It has also been connected with Proto-Tai *p.taːᴬ (“eye”) (Unger, 1990).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯn) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : tuX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hûn • Middle-Chinese : bjun
|to see; to look at • to observe; to witness • a surname
|(～河) river in Shanxi province
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|睹 • (do) · 睹 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to)
|汾 • (bun) · 汾 • (bun) (hangeul 분, revised bun, McCune–Reischauer pun, Yale pun)
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|Hán-Nôm : đổ • Hán-Nôm : đủ
|Hán-Nôm : phần
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|睹
|汾
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|瞄
|沅
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 苗
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋon) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon). ‖ Simplified from 源 (原 → 元).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : miu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biô
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guân • Middle-Chinese : ngjwon ‖
|to aim; to take aim at • to set sight on • to peek at; to glance at • (Cantonese) to target at
|(～江) Yuan River in Hunan province • (～州) name of prefecture during the reign of Wu Zetian ‖
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|Hán-Nôm : miểu • Hán-Nôm : miêu
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|瞄
|沅
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|瞎
|沉
|Variant of 沈, see there for more. \ MSEA areal etymon: similar words exist in Austroasiatic, Kra-Dai, & Tibeto-Burman; yet those are difficult to match with potential OC relations (Schuessler, 2007). \ Possible allofams are 淫 (OC *lɯm), 瀋 (OC *l̥ʰjɯmʔ), 函 (OC *ɡuːm, *ɡruːm), & 湛 (OC *ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um) (ibid.).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : têm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiām • Middle-Chinese : drim
|to sink; to submerge (into water) • to fall; to sink; to subside • to settle; to make sink • to suppress; to stifle; to neglect • to be neglected • to indulge in; to be given to • to hide; to be hidden • heavy; weighty • dark; gloomy • deep; profound • long (duration); prolonged; lengthy • deeply; profoundly • (Cantonese) Alternative form of 浸 (zam6, “to drown”)
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|Cantonese · Jyutping : hat⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khueh • Middle-Chinese : xaet
|沉 • (chim, sim) · 沉 • (chim, sim) (hangeul 침, 심, revised chim, sim, McCune–Reischauer ch'im, sim, Yale chim, sim)
|to be blind • at random; aimlessly • (colloquial) to fail • (dialectal) to become tangled • (dialectal Mandarin, including Dungan) bad • (Wu) very; extremely
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|Hán-Nôm : tròm • Hán-Nôm : chằm • Hán-Nôm : chìm • Hán-Nôm : đắm • Hán-Nôm : đẫm • Hán-Nôm : ngằm • Hán-Nôm : ngầm • Hán-Nôm : trằm • Hán-Nôm : trầm • Hán-Nôm : đẵm
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|瞎 (eumhun 애꾸눈 할 (aekkunun hal))
|沉
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|沌
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *donʔ, *duːn, *duːnʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *donʔ, *duːn, *duːnʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *donʔ, *duːn, *duːnʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tūn • Middle-Chinese : dwonX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun⁵ • Middle-Chinese : drjwenX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣˊ • Middle-Chinese : dwon
|benighted; ignorant • disorderly; chaotic ‖ (～河) Zhuan River (a river in Hubei) • Used in 沌口 (“name of an ancient county”). ‖ (of waves) billowing
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|Hán-Nôm : hạt • Hán-Nôm : hắt • Hán-Nôm : hặt • Hán-Nôm : hát
|primeval chaos
|沌 (eumhun 엉길 돈 (eonggil don))
|hanja form of 돈 (“disorderly; chaotic”)
|Hán-Nôm : xộn
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|瞎
|沌
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|瞧
|没
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 焦.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiâu
|(colloquial) to look; to see; to take a glance at • (colloquial) to diagnose and treat • (colloquial) to visit; to see
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| ‖ 没(ぼつ) or 没(ボツ) • (botsu) ^(←ぼつ (botu)?)
|to sink, to be drowned • to hide • to die (synonym of 歿) ‖ rejected, unused
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|Hán-Nôm : tiều
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|瞧
|canonical : 没: Hán Việt readings: một 没: Nôm readings: mốt • canonical : một ‖ romanization : một ‖ romanization : mốt
| ‖ Nôm form of một (“one”). ‖ Nôm form of mốt (“(only in compounds or fixed expressions) one; -one”).
|没
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|瞪
|沱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːl, *l'aːlʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 它 (OC *l̥ʰaːl) ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁴ • Middle-Chinese : da ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ • Middle-Chinese : daX
|(dialectal) small bay in a river (also used in place names) • (～江) Tuojiang; Tuo River • tearful; wailing • rainy ‖ Used in compounds.
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|沱 • (ta) · 沱 • (ta) (hangeul 타, revised ta, McCune–Reischauer t'a, Yale tha)
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dang⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tènn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thînn • Middle-Chinese : dreang • Middle-Chinese : dring • Middle-Chinese : dringH
|canonical : 沱: Hán Việt readings: đà 沱: Nôm readings: đà • canonical : đờ • canonical : đừ
|to open one's eyes wide • to give a hard look; to glare at
|chữ Hán form of Đà (“the Black/Da River, a river in Vietnam”). • chữ Hán form of Đà (“the Tuo River in Sichuan or the river of the same name in Hunan”).
|沱
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|泅
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lju) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 囚 (OC *lju). \ Possibly a dialectal variant of 游 (OC *lu, “to swim”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiû • Middle-Chinese : zjuw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡ
|to swim; to float; to wade ‖ Alternative form of 攸 (yōu, “(of water) flowing”)
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|瞪 • (jing) · 瞪 • (jing) (hangeul 징, revised jing, McCune–Reischauer ching, Yale cing)
|泅 (eum 쉬 (swi))
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|Hán-Nôm : trừng • Hán-Nôm : trưng
|Hán-Nôm : tù
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|瞪
|泅
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|瞻
|泓
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjam) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 詹 (OC *tjam)
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʷrɯːŋ) : 水 (“water”) + phonetic 弘 (OC *ɡʷɯːŋ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiam • Middle-Chinese : tsyem
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wang⁴ • Middle-Chinese : 'weang
|to look up or forward • to look with reverence; to look up to • to observe
|(of water) deep • Classifier for bodies of clear water.
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|瞻 • (cheom) · 瞻 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem)
|泓 (eum 홍 (hong))
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|romanization : chiêm
|Hán-Nôm : hoằng
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|瞻
|泓
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|矗
|泗
|Triplication of 直 (“straight”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljids) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 四 (OC *hljids).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cuk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshak • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjuwk • Middle-Chinese : trhjuwk
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sei³ • Middle-Chinese : sijH
|upright; erect; lofty
|(literary) nasal mucus • sniffle • Si River (a river in Shandong, China)
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|to stand towering over the surroundings
|矗 • (chok) · 矗 • (chok) (hangeul 촉, revised chok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ok, Yale chok)
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|泗 (eum 사 (sa))
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|Hán-Nôm : tứa
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|矗
|泗
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|矩
|泱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷaʔ) : semantic 矢 + phonetic 巨 (OC *ɡaʔ). \ ; “(physics) moment”
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kí • Middle-Chinese : kjuX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iang • Middle-Chinese : 'jang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ong¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'angX
|^† carpenter's square • square (shape) • rule; law • (physics) moment • (～州) (historical) Old name for 貴州／贵州 (Guìzhōu, “Guizhou”) during the Yuan dynasty.
|(literary) vast; broad; deep; great; boundless • (literary, of clouds or water) rising; surging; rushing; momentous ‖ Used in compounds.
| ‖ 矩(く) • (ku) ‖ 矩(く) • (ku)
|carpenter's square ‖ carpenter's square • square (shape) • rule; law ‖ (astronomy) quadrature
|矩 • (gu) · 矩 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
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|Hán-Nôm : củ
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|矩
|泱 (eum 앙 (ang))
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|矮
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraːlʔ) : semantic 矢 + phonetic 委 (OC *qrol, *qrolʔ).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : ai² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ué • Hokkien · Tai-lo : é • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ái • Middle-Chinese : 'eaX
|(of stature) short • low (of less than normal height) • (Mainland China Hokkien) to fall short (compared to someone else)
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|small, little, dwarf
|Hán-Nôm : ương
|矮 • (wae) · 矮 • (wae) (hangeul 왜, McCune–Reischauer wae, Yale way)
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|Hán-Nôm : ải
|泱
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|洱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯʔ, *njɯs) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 耳 (OC *njɯʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄦˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁵ • Middle-Chinese : nyiX • Middle-Chinese : nyiH
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|矮
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|砌
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰiːds) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 切 (OC *sn̥ʰiːds, *sn̥ʰiːd).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : cai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gih • Middle-Chinese : tshejH
|to build by laying bricks or stones • step (in a staircase) • (Cantonese) to assemble • (Cantonese) to beat up; to attack • (Cantonese, figuratively) to beat; to defeat
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|砌 • (che) · 砌 • (che) (hangeul 체, revised che, McCune–Reischauer ch'e, Yale chey)
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|Hán-Nôm : nhĩ
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|砌
|洱
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|砍
|洶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoːmʔ) : semantic 石 (“rock”) + phonetic 欠 (OC *kʰoms).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : ham² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khám
|to hack; to chop; to cut; to fell • to reduce; to weaken • (dialect) to throw in order to hit • Same as 侃 (kǎn) to chat • a surname: Kan
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiong • Middle-Chinese : xjowng • Middle-Chinese : xjowngX
|(of waves) turbulent; tempestuous • roaring; uproarious
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|洶 (eum 흉 (hyung))
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|Hán-Nôm : khảm
|Hán-Nôm : húng
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|砍
|洶
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|砰
|浅
|Simplified from 淺 (戔 → 戋)
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiang • Middle-Chinese : pheang
|(onomatopoeia) sound of something striking against something or bursting; bang; thump
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|砰 • (paeng) · 砰 • (paeng) (hangeul 팽, revised paeng, McCune–Reischauer p'aeng, Yale phayng)
|shallow • superficial • frivolous • wretched • shameful
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|砰
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|浅
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|砸
|浚
|;“to sew with a sewing machine” ‖  
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sluns) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sluns) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsà ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak³
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon³ • Middle-Chinese : swinH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³ • Middle-Chinese : swinH
|(of falling objects) to crush; to smash • to bash; to smash • to break; to destroy • to throw; to toss • (dialectal Mandarin) to sew with a sewing machine • (colloquial) to flop; to fail; to fall through ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 矺 (“to press down on; to weigh down”)
|(alt. form 濬) to dredge; to deepen; dig deep (a waterway, well, etc.) • to dredge; to unearth • to extract; to exploit • (alt. form 濬) deep; profound ‖ Used in place names.
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|浚 • (jun) · 浚 • (jun) (hangeul 준, revised jun, McCune–Reischauer chun, Yale cwun)
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|Hán-Nôm : tuấn
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|Hán-Nôm : táp • Hán-Nôm : tặp
|浚
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|浬
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞˇ ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi² lei⁵ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ
|(dated) nautical mile ‖ Only used in 泥浬.
| ‖ 浬(り) • (ri)
|nautical mile (unit of distance) • knot (unit of speed) ‖ a nautical mile: the length of roughly one minute of latitude, 1,852 meters
|浬 • (ri>i) · 浬 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)
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|砸
|Hán-Nôm : rí • Hán-Nôm : lí
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|浬
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|碌
|涇
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːɡ, *roɡ) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 彔 (OC *b·roːɡ). ‖  ‖ From Zhuang lwg (“child; diminutive”) (HFC).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡeŋʔ, *keːŋ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : luk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : luk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lio̍k • Middle-Chinese : luwk • Middle-Chinese : ljowk ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khēng • Middle-Chinese : keng • Middle-Chinese : gjiengX
|busy • common • (ideophonic) having numerous stones ‖ (Hokkien) tired; fatigued; weary; overworked; to become tired (from something) ‖ (Cantonese, Hakka) pomelo
|the Jing River (China)
| ‖ 碌(ろく) • (roku) -na (adnominal 碌(ろく)な (roku na), adverbial 碌(ろく)に (roku ni)) ‖ 碌(ろく) • (roku)
|satisfactory ‖ Alternative form of 陸 ‖ Alternative form of 陸
|碌 (eum 록 (rok), word-initial (South Korea) 녹 (nok))
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|Hán-Nôm : lộc
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|碌
|涇 (eum 경 (gyeong))
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|碎
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *suːds) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 卒 (OC *ʔsuːd, *sʰuːd, *ʔsud).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuì • Middle-Chinese : swojH
|shattered; fragmented; shredded • small pieces; bits; fragments • to shatter; to fragment; to shred • talkative • a surname: Sui
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|Hán-Nôm : kinh • Hán-Nôm : kênh • Hán-Nôm : kính
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|碎 (eumhun 부술 쇄 (busul swae))
|涇
|hanja form of 쇄 (“shred”)
|canonical : 碎: Hán Việt readings: toái 碎: Nôm readings: tôi • canonical : tui • canonical : toái • canonical : thỏi • canonical : tỏa • canonical : toả • canonical : tủi ‖ romanization : tôi ‖ romanization : tôi
| ‖ (archaic, historical) slave; domestic servant ‖ (formal in all dialects) I/me (used in formal contexts, regardless of the difference in status between the speakers)
|碎
|-
|-
|碗
|涌
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoːnʔ) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 宛 (OC *qon, *qonʔ). \ From 甌 (OC *qoː, “bowl”) + -n (“nominalizing suffix”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Middle-Chinese : 'wanX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung¹
|bowl (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 隻／只 m c h; 塊／块 mn) • bowl-like object • Classifier for the quantity of a bowl: bowlful
|(Cantonese) small river (often in place names)
| ‖ 碗(わん) • (wan) ^(←わん (wan)?)
|porcelain bowl • teacup ‖ bowl
|碗 (eumhun 사발 완 (sabal wan))
|hanja form of 완 (“(porcelain) bowl”)
|Hán-Nôm : oản • Hán-Nôm : uyển
|(obsolete) bowl
|碗
|-
|碘
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 石 + phonetic 典 (diǎn). \ Borrowed from English iodine.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tián
|(chemistry) iodine
|
|
|Alternative form of 湧
|涌 • (yong) · 涌 • (yong) (hangeul 용, revised yong, McCune–Reischauer yong, Yale yong)
|
|
|碘 • (jeon) · 碘 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|Hán-Nôm : dũng • Hán-Nôm : dõng • Hán-Nôm : dòng
|
|
|涌
|-
|涎
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljan, *lans) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 延 (OC *lan, *lans). \ Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Chug har (“phlegm”), Lish hahal (“phlegm”), Rupa Sherdukpen nəkʰɔ̃ː (“phlegm”), Japhug tɯɴɢar (“sputum”) (Bodt, 2021). Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *(s-)lan, compares it to Tibetan ཟླན (zlan, “moisture”). \ Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) relates it to Thai น้ำลาย (náam-laai), which is derived from Proto-Tai *laːjᴬ (“saliva”). \ Possibly related to 羨 (OC *ljans, “to envy”) (Wang, 1982; also cf. Baxter and Sagart, 2014). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iân • Middle-Chinese : zjen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : yenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ
|saliva ‖ Only used in 湎涎. ‖ Only used in 涎涎.
| ‖ 涎(よだり) • (yodari) ‖ 涎(よだれ) • (yodare)
|drool, slobber, saliva ‖ (archaic) snot: nasal mucus hanging or oozing out from the nose • (archaic) drool, slobber: saliva hanging or oozing out from the mouth ‖ (archaic) drool, slobber: saliva hanging or oozing out from the mouth
|涎 (eum 연 (yeon))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : diên • Hán-Nôm : nhiện
|
|
|碘
|涎
|-
|-
|碟
|涓
|From 疊 (MC dep, “stack”); not used before Yuan dynasty.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍p
|small plate; small dish • (chiefly Cantonese) plate; dish (of any size) (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • dish (of food) • Classifier for dishes of food: dish; plate • (computing) disc-based data storage device, such as a CD or a DVD (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
|
|to tan leather • small dish
|碟 • (seol) · 碟 • (seol) (hangeul 설, revised seol, McCune–Reischauer sŏl, Yale sel)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : điệp • Hán-Nôm : diệp • Hán-Nôm : đĩa
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuan • Middle-Chinese : kwen
|(literary) brook; stream • (literary) tiny; negligible • (literary) to choose; to select • (literary) to clean; to clear
|
|
|碟
|-
|碰
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 石 (“rock”) + phonetic 並. \ Appears in Zihui [Ming dynasty] as 掽, but only attested in literary works since Qing dynasty. Probably a recent colloquial form of 逢 (MC bjowng) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phóng
|to collide; to bump; to knock; to touch • to meet by chance; to bump into; to come across • to test out; to try one's luck • to offend; to provoke • (mahjong) to form a pung
| ‖ 碰(ポン) • (pon)
|collide, bump into ‖ (mahjong) a call for a 明刻 (minkō, “open triplet”) from a discarded tile, compare English pung
|
|
|涓 • (yeon) · 涓 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, Yale yen)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bánh • Hán-Nôm : bính
|Hán-Nôm : quen • Hán-Nôm : quên • Hán-Nôm : quyên
|
|
|碰
|涓
|-
|-
|碳
|涸
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 石 (“(chemical nomenclature) non-metal solid”) + 炭 (“charcoal”). Also a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) , with 炭 (tàn) as a phonetic component. \ From 炭 (tàn, “charcoal”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 固 (OC *kaːs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thàn
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khok • Middle-Chinese : hak
|(chemistry) carbon • (ecology) carbon emissions (in the context of global warming and climate change)
|(of bodies of water) dry • (of bodies of water) to dry up
|
|
|
|
|碳 (eum 탄 (tan))
|涸 (eum 후 (hu)) · 涸 (eum 학 (hak))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thán
|Hán-Nôm : hạt
|
|
|碳
|涸
|-
|-
|碾
|淄
|Alternative form of 輾／辗 (niǎn), using 石 as semantic part instead of 車. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nja-s ~ *s-njan (“to punish; to oppress; to coerce”) (STEDT). Related to 蹍 (“to trample”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : nin⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lún • Middle-Chinese : nrjenH
|roller • to grind; to crush
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu
|Zi River, a river in Shandong province
|
|
|碾 • (nyeon>yeon) · 碾 • (nyeon>yeon) (hangeul 년>연, revised nyeon>yeon, McCune–Reischauer nyŏn>yŏn, Yale nyen>yen)
|
|
|淄 (eum 치 (chi))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : chuy • Hán-Nôm : truy
|
|
|碾
|淄
|-
|-
|磅
|淅
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːŋ, *pʰraːŋ) : semantic 石 (“rock; stone”) + phonetic 旁 (OC *baːŋ). \ Borrowed from English pound. ‖ Borrowed from English point. ‖  ‖ Onomatopoeic.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *seːɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 析 (OC *seːɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pǒng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pông • Middle-Chinese : phang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pōng • Middle-Chinese : phang • Middle-Chinese : phjaeng
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Middle-Chinese : sek
|pound (unit of mass) • to weigh • platform scale; balance • (Cantonese) pressure gauge; manometer ‖ point (unit equal to 1/12 of a pica) ‖ Only used in 磅礴 (pángbó) and 磅磄. ‖
|(formal) to wash rice • a surname
| ‖ 磅(ポンド) • (pondo)
|pound ‖ Rare spelling of ポンド (pondo, “pound”).
|磅 • (bang) · 磅 • (bang) (hangeul 방, revised bang, McCune–Reischauer pang, Yale pang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bàng
|
|
|磅
|淅 (eum 석 (seok))
|-
|
|磊
|Hán-Nôm : tích
|Triplication of 石 (“stone”). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luí • Middle-Chinese : lwojX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵
|appearance of piles of rocks • to pile up • large; tall ‖ Only used in 磊口.
| ‖
|lots of stones ‖
|磊 • (roe>noe) · 磊 • (roe>noe) (hangeul 뢰>뇌, revised roe>noe, McCune–Reischauer roe>noe, Yale loy>noy)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lỗi
|淅
|
|磊
|-
|-
|磕
|淇
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰaːb, *kʰaːd) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 盍 (OC *ɡaːb).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 其 (OC *kɯ, *ɡɯ).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham² • Cantonese · Jyutping : koi³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kha̍p • Middle-Chinese : khajH • Middle-Chinese : khat • Middle-Chinese : khap
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gi
|to knock sth. against a hard surface; to dash against a stone • to knock an item off another item by hitting them against a hard surface • to kowtow • (dialect, figurative) to fight
|(～水) The name of a river that originates in Henan. • (～河, ～水) The name of a branch of the Hai River. • (～河) The name of a branch of the Han River. • (～縣) Qi County, Hebi, Henan Province
|
|
|hit • collide • knock into
|磕 • (gae) · 磕 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)
|bump • drumbeat
|Hán-Nôm : khạp
|
|
|磕
|淇 • (gi) · 淇 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|-
|磷
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rin, *rins) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 粦 (OC *rins). ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîn • Middle-Chinese : lin ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁶ • Middle-Chinese : linH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴
|ignis fatuus • (chemistry) phosphorus • fragment of stone ‖ thin • blemish • stain • unimpeded • mica ‖ stony ‖ Only used in 砰磷.
|
|
|flaked rock • luster
|Hán-Nôm : kì
|磷 • (rin>in) · 磷 • (rin>in) (hangeul 린>인, revised rin>in, McCune–Reischauer rin>in, Yale lin>in)
|
|Hán-Nôm : lân • Hán-Nôm : lấn
|
|
|磷
|淇
|-
|-
|祉
|淒
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰlɯʔ) : semantic 示 (“sign”) + phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ).
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsí • Middle-Chinese : trhiX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Middle-Chinese : tshej ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshe̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshē
|happiness; blessings; good luck; felicity
|chilly; cold; frigid • (alt. form 悽) miserable; sorrowful; sad ‖ (Hokkien) to go downhill; to decline; to be on the wane • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to suspend
|
|
|
|
|祉 • (ji) · 祉 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci)
|淒 • (cheo) · 淒 • (cheo) (hangeul 처, revised cheo, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏ, Yale che)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thê
|
|
|
|淒
|祉
|-
|-
|祕
|淙
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 示 (“altar”) + phonetic 必 (OC *pliɡ) – arcane, secret rituals.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zuːŋ, *sruːŋs, *zuːŋ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 宗 (OC *ʔsuːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei³ • Middle-Chinese : pijH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thong • Middle-Chinese : dzowng • Middle-Chinese : dzraewng • Middle-Chinese : sraewngH
|Alternative form of 秘 • a surname
|gurgling sound of water
|
|
|secret
|祕 • (bi) · 祕 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|
|
|淙 (eum 종 (jong))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tong • Hán-Nôm : tông
|
|
|祕
|淙
|-
|-
|祟
|淞
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰluds) : phonetic 出 (OC *kʰljuds, *kʰljud) + semantic 示 (“altar”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰloŋ, *sɢloŋ) : semantic 氵 (“river”) + phonetic 松 (OC *sɢloŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suī • Middle-Chinese : swijH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sung¹ • Middle-Chinese : zjowng • Middle-Chinese : sjowng
|disaster brought by evil spirits • evil spirit; evil influence • to haunt; to cause mischief • sneaky; furtive; secretive
|
|
|
|
|祟 (eum 수 (su))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tụy • Hán-Nôm : tuỵ
|淞 • (song) · 淞 • (song) (hangeul 송, revised song, McCune–Reischauer song, Yale song)
|
|
|祟
|-
|祠
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljɯ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 礻 (“divinity”) + phonetic 司 (OC *slɯ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sî • Middle-Chinese : zi
|ancestral temple • (literary) to offer sacrifice • (literary) spring sacrifice
| ‖ 祠(ほこら) • (hokora)
| ‖ a small shrine
|祠 • (sa) · 祠 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : từ • Hán-Nôm : thờ • Hán-Nôm : tờ
|
|
|祠
|淞
|-
|-
|祿
|淪
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːɡ) : semantic 示 (“spirit”) + phonetic 彔 (OC *b·roːɡ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *run) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 侖 (OC *run).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : luk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍k • Middle-Chinese : luwk
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lûn • Middle-Chinese : lwin
|blessing; happiness; prosperity • emoluments; official salary
|ripple; small waves • to sink; to become submerged; to be engulfed • to sink (into ruin); to decline; to fall • to be lost; to disappear; to become nothing
|
|
|
|祿 (eumhun 복 록 (bok rok), word-initial (South Korea) 복 녹 (bok nok))
|ripples • sink
|hanja form of 복/록 (“green, official salary”) • hanja form of 복/록 (“blessing, happiness, fortune”) • hanja form of 복/록 (“sacrificial meat”) • hanja form of 복/록 (“pay salary”) • hanja form of 복/록 (“bless”)
|淪 • (ryun>yun, non) · 淪 • (ryun>yun, non) (hangeul 륜>윤, 논, revised ryun>yun, non, McCune–Reischauer ryun>yun, non, Yale lyun>yun, non)
|Hán-Nôm : lộc • Hán-Nôm : lốc • Hán-Nôm : trốc
|
|
|祿
|Hán-Nôm : lún
|-
|禪
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djan, *djans) : semantic 示 + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans). \ Pronunciation 1 is short for 禪那, which is a borrowing from Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna, “dhyana”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djan, *djans) : semantic 示 + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans). \ Pronunciation 1 is short for 禪那, which is a borrowing from Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna, “dhyana”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djan, *djans) : semantic 示 + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans). \ Pronunciation 1 is short for 禪那, which is a borrowing from Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna, “dhyana”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sînn • Middle-Chinese : dzyen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siān • Middle-Chinese : dzyenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ
|(Buddhism) dhyana; deep meditation; contemplation • Buddhist doctrine; Buddhist teachings • relating to Buddhism; Buddhist; thoughtful; philosophical ‖ (obsolete) to offer sacrifices to nature • to abdicate and pass the throne to someone • to succeed; to replace ‖ name of an ancient state
|
|
|dhyana; deep meditation; contemplation
|淪
|禪 • (seon) · 禪 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen)
|Zen
|Hán-Nôm : thiền • Hán-Nôm : thiện • Hán-Nôm : thuyền • Hán-Nôm : xèng
|Dhyana • Zen Buddhism
|禪
|-
|-
|禮
|淵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːʔ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 礻 (“altar”) + phonetic 豊 (OC *riːʔ, “ceremony”) – performing rites at the altar. \ Originally written 豊, see there for more. \ Uncertain. Schuessler (2007) proposes that this is an old areal etymon. Compare Tibetan ཞེ་ས (zhe sa, “respect, honor, deference”), རྗེ་བོ (rje bo, “lord, nobleman”), རྗེད (rjed, “to honor; reverence”); Mru [script needed] (ri, “ritual”) is possibly borrowed from Austroasiatic (cf. Mon [script needed] (rèh seh, “to respect, to revere”); Thin Khmu [script needed] (rɛh, “to lift up”); both from Proto-Mon-Khmer *reh (“to raise up, to exalt”)).
|Originally 𣶒 in oracle bone script; Pictogram (象形) of a basin with water. Bronze inscriptions added vertical strokes resembling riverbanks around the character, and the semantic component 氵.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lé • Middle-Chinese : lejX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ian • Middle-Chinese : 'wen
|ritual; rite; ceremony • rules of etiquette; rules of propriety • courtesy; etiquette; manners • present; gift (Classifier: 份 m c) • to treat with respect and courtesy • 48th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "ritual" (𝌵) • a surname
|abyss; deep water • deep; profound • a surname
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 礼 (“propriety; courtesy; politeness; etiquette”)
|abyss • edge • deep pool
|淵 (eumhun 못 연 (mot yeon))
|hanja form of 연 (“abyss”)
|Hán-Nôm : uyên
|
|
|hanja form of 례/예 (“manners; etiquette”)
|淵
|canonical : 禮: Hán Việt readings: lễ 禮: Nôm readings: lễ • canonical : lạy • canonical : lẻ • canonical : lẫy • canonical : rẽ • canonical : rẩy • canonical : lẩy • canonical : lãi • canonical : lể • canonical : lởi • canonical : lỡi • canonical : lấy • canonical : lảy • canonical : rẻ
|chữ Hán form of lễ (“ritual; etiquette; to kowtow; an offering; ceremony”). • Nôm form of lạy (“to kowtow”). • Nôm form of lẻ (“odd (not divisible by two)”).
|禮
|-
|禹
|The Shuowen interprets the character as pictographic (象形) of an animal. The bronze-script character clearly shows the 虫 component. \ ;insect
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ú • Middle-Chinese : hjuX
|(Chinese mythology) Yu the Great (the legendary king associated with a flood myth and the foundation of the Xia dynasty) • ^‡ insect
| ‖ 禹(う) • (U)
|Name of a Xia Dynasty emperor in ancient China: Emperor Yŭ, Yŭ the Great, or Dà Yŭ. ‖ Yu the Great, legendary founder of the Xia Dynasty in ancient China
|禹 • (u) · 禹 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u, Yale wu)
|(성씨) a surname • (大禹) Yu the Great • (임금) king • (벌레) worm • (곡척) steel square
|Hán-Nôm : vũ
|夏禹 Hạ Vũ
|禹
|-
|-
|秉
|渙
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 禾 (“plant”) + 又 (“hand”) — a hand holding a plant by the stalk. Compare: 兼, a hand holding two plants. \ Cognate with 柄 (OC *praŋʔ, *praŋs, “a handle”), which is exopassive of 秉 (OC *praŋʔ, “to grasp”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : píng • Middle-Chinese : pjaengX
|a handful of crops • to grasp; to hold • to preside over • to persist in; to persevere
|
|
|take • cherish • sheaf • unit of volume (10 koku; 1,800 l)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huàn • Middle-Chinese : xwajH • Middle-Chinese : xwanH
|秉 (eum 병 (byeong))
|to dissipate; to dissolve • (literary) to issue imperial edicts • (literary) overflowing; brimming • 59th hexagram of the I Ching
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bỉnh • Hán-Nôm : bảnh
|scatter
|渙 (eum 환 (hwan))
|scatter • scattered, dispersed
|Hán-Nôm : hoán
|
|
|秉
|渙
|-
|-
|秤
|渚
|Glyphic variant of 稱／称.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : cing³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìng • Middle-Chinese : tsyhingH
|scales (device to measure weight) • to weigh • (Hong Kong) Short for 天秤 (“tower crane”).
| ‖ 秤(はかり) • (hakari)
| ‖ scale
|秤 • (ching) · 秤 • (ching) (hangeul 칭, revised ching, McCune–Reischauer ch'ing, Yale ching)
|(저울, jeoul): balance, scale.
|romanization : xứng • romanization : hấng
|
|
|秤
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsú • Middle-Chinese : tsyoX
|-
|islet; small landmass in water • waterside; beach
|秦
| ‖ 渚(なぎさ) • (nagisa) ‖ 渚(なぎさ) • (Nagisa) ‖ 渚(みぎわ) • (migiwa) ^(←みぎは (migifa)?) ‖ 渚(みぎわ) • (Migiwa) ^(←みぎは (migifa)?)
|In the oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 午 (“pestle”, the original form of 杵) + 廾 (“two hands”) + two 禾 (“grain”). A form of its bronze inscription containing only one 禾 developed into the subsequent small seal script form in Shuowen. The 午 and 廾 components have fused into 𡗗 in the modern form. Old Chinese *dzin may derive from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-dz(j)a-k/n/t/s (“to eat; food; to feed; rice”), also recorded as *dzaʔ (Schuessler, 2007). \ According to Shuowen Jiezi, the glyph is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated 舂 (“to pound grain”) + 禾 (“grain”) – husked grain. However this would necessitate a phonological shift that is considered unlikely, and furthermore is likely a folk etymology altogether.
|strand, beach, shore ‖ the water's edge: · beach • the water's edge: · shore • the water's edge: · bank (as of a river or stream) ‖ a place name • a surname • a male or female given name ‖ the water's edge: · beach • the water's edge: · shore • the water's edge: · bank (as of a river or stream) ‖ a female given name
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsîn • Middle-Chinese : dzin
|渚 (eumhun 물가 저 (mulga jeo))
|(～國) State of Qin (in ancient China) • (～朝) Qin dynasty, first imperial dynasty of China • Qin, a general area of central-west China in modern-day Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces • a surname
|hanja form of 저 (“shore”)
| ‖ 秦(しん) • (Shin) ‖ 秦(はた) • (Hata) ‖ 秦(はたしん) • (Hatashin)
|Hán-Nôm : chã
|Qin dynasty ‖ (historical) the Qin dynasty (221-207 BCE), first dynasty of China • (historical) name of various states during the Sixteen Kingdoms period: · 前秦 (Zenshin, “Former Qin”, 351-394 CE) • (historical) name of various states during the Sixteen Kingdoms period: · 後秦 (Kōshin, “Later Qin”, 384-417 CE) • (historical) name of various states during the Sixteen Kingdoms period: · 西秦 (Seishin, “Western Qin”, 385-431 CE) • a surname ‖ a place name • a surname ‖ Synonym of 秦 (Shin, see above)
|秦 • (jin) · 秦 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin)
|Qin
|Hán-Nôm : tần • Hán-Nôm : thái
|
|
|秦
|渚
|-
|-
|秧
|渥
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaŋ, *qaŋʔ) : semantic 禾 (“grain; cereal”) + phonetic 央 (OC *qaŋ). \ Attested relatively late, in the Tang dynasty (Sagart (2011)). \ Haudricourt and Strecker (1991) propose a Hmong-Mien origin, but Sagart (2011) argues that the direction of borrowing should be the other way around. He instead proposes an internal Chinese origin, suggesting that it is a cognate of 英 (OC *qraŋ, “grasses at their growing/flowering stage, before producing seeds”) without a -r- infix. \ Relationship with Tibeto-Burman items is unclear, due to mismatching initials: Tibetan ལྗང་བ (ljang ba, “shoot, sprout”), ལྗང་བུ (ljang bu, “rice seedling”), Lepcha ᰊᰜᰤᰨᰵ (ta-lyong, “young blades of corn, rice”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qroːɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 屋 (OC *qoːɡ). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iang • Middle-Chinese : 'jang • Middle-Chinese : 'jangX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ok • Middle-Chinese : 'aewk ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ak
|rice seedling • sprout; shoot; seedling • vine; stalk • young animal; -ling • (literary) to transplant rice seedlings • (dialectal) to grow; to cultivate; to raise • a surname
|(literary) to moisten; to soak • (literary) deep; rich; strong; thick • (archaic) glossy; dyed • (literary) to enrich ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 沃
|
|
|moisten, make moist • kind, cordial • glossy
|渥 (eum 악 (ak))
|
|
|秧 • (ang) · 秧 • (ang) (hangeul 앙, revised ang, McCune–Reischauer ang, Yale ang)
|Hán-Nôm : ốc
|
|
|canonical : 秧: Hán Việt readings: ương • canonical : ưởng 秧: Nôm readings: ương
|渥
|chữ Hán form of ương (“seedling, sprout”).
|秧
|-
|-
|稍
|渭
|
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢuds) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 胃 (OC *ɢuds)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siau • Middle-Chinese : sraewH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uī • Middle-Chinese : hjw+jH
|a little; slightly; rather • siyah (stiffened end of a composite bow) • a surname: Shao
|(～河) the Wei River
|
|
|
|
|稍 (eum 초 (cho))
|渭 • (wi) · 渭 • (wi) (hangeul 위, revised wi, McCune–Reischauer wi, Yale wi)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : sảo • Hán-Nôm : rảo • Hán-Nôm : xao
|Hán-Nôm : vây • Hán-Nôm : vấy • Hán-Nôm : vị • Hán-Nôm : vơi • Hán-Nôm : vời
|
|
|稍
|渭
|-
|-
|税
|渾
|Simplified from 稅 (兌 → 兑). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 禾 + phonetic 兑 (OC *l'oːds).
|Characters in the same phonetic series (軍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ) : semantic 氵 (“river”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (軍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ) : semantic 氵 (“river”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (軍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ) : semantic 氵 (“river”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hûn • Middle-Chinese : hwon ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwonX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan²
|(obsolete) sound of spouting water • muddy; turbid • foolish; stupid • simple and natural; unsophisticated • whole; complete • (literary) totally • (literary) still • name of several rivers • Short for 吐谷渾／吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún). • a surname ‖ large • to mix; to muddle • simple; plain • pure • Short for 渾天／浑天. • Short for 渾天儀／浑天仪 (húntiānyí). ‖ Only used in 渾渾／浑浑 (gǔngǔn, “alternative form of 滾滾; rolling along”). • to fall
|
|
|all • turbidity
|渾 • (hon) · 渾 • (hon) (hangeul 혼, revised hon, McCune–Reischauer hon, Yale hon)
|muddy, turbid • blend, merge, mix
|Hán-Nôm : hồn • Hán-Nôm : hỗn
|
|
| ‖ 税(ぜい) • (zei) ‖ 税(ちから) • (chikara)
|渾
|tax ‖ tax, duty, customs (money paid to the government) ‖ (historical, archaic) general term for items presented by the people to the state: tribute, taxes
|-
|税 • (se, tal) · 税 • (se, tal) (hangeul 세, 탈)
|湊
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰoːs) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 奏 (OC *ʔsoːs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshòo • Middle-Chinese : tshuwH
|to gather together; to assemble • to approach; to come closer; to draw near • to be close; to be near • to happen by chance • (Cantonese) to look after; to babysit
| ‖ 湊(みなと) • (Minato)
|port, harbor • to gather together, to congregate ‖ a surname
|湊 (eum 주 (ju))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tấu
|
|
|
|湊
|税
|-
|-
|稠
|湍
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰoːn, *tjon) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 耑 (OC *toːn).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : teon¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tyun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuan • Middle-Chinese : thwan • Middle-Chinese : tsywen
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiû • Middle-Chinese : drjuw
|dense • thick; viscous • (Eastern Min) often, frequently
|
|
|
|
|稠 • (jo, ju) · 稠 • (jo, ju) (hangeul 조, 주, revised jo, ju, McCune–Reischauer cho, chu, Yale co, cwu)
|湍 (eum 단 (dan))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : trù
|Hán-Nôm : suyền • Hán-Nôm : đoan • Hán-Nôm : thoan • Hán-Nôm : thoăn • Hán-Nôm : thuân
|
|
|稠
|湍
|-
|-
|稱
|湔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjɯŋ, *tʰjɯŋs) : semantic 禾 (“rice”) + phonetic 爯 (OC *tʰjɯŋ) – measure rice. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjɯŋ, *tʰjɯŋs) : semantic 禾 (“rice”) + phonetic 爯 (OC *tʰjɯŋ) – measure rice.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshing • Middle-Chinese : tsyhing ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : can³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìng • Middle-Chinese : tsyhingH
|to weigh • to call; to name • to say; to state • to praise; to commend • name; address; appellation; designation • (literary) reputation; repute; standing • to proclaim oneself to be • (literary) to lift; to raise ‖ to match; to fit • balanced; suitable • (Mandarin, colloquial) to have (money or properties) • Alternative form of 秤 (“steelyard”)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsian • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiân • Middle-Chinese : dzen • Middle-Chinese : tsen • Middle-Chinese : tsjen • Middle-Chinese : tsjenH
|(literary) to wash, to clean; to cleanse • (literary) to redress (a wrong) • Alternative form of 濺／溅 (“to splash”) • soak • Used in 湔江 (“name of a river in Sichuan province”).
|
|
|稱 • (ching) · 稱 • (ching) (hangeul 칭, revised ching, McCune–Reischauer ch'ing, Yale ching)
|wash • rinse
|湔 (eum 전 (jeon))
|wash • cleanse • purge
|Hán-Nôm : tiễn
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : xưng • Hán-Nôm : xứng
|湔
|-
|湛
|Characters in the same phonetic series (甚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (甚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (甚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǎm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsim • Middle-Chinese : dreamX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tam • Middle-Chinese : tom ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sîm • Middle-Chinese : drim
|profound • clear • a surname ‖ happy; joyful ‖
|
|
|稱
|-
|穗
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɢʷids) : semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 惠 (OC *ɢʷiːds). \ From Sino-Tibetan; compare Mizo vui (“ear (of grain); to ear”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huī • Middle-Chinese : zwijH
|ear of grain • tassel • snuff of a candle • (abbreviation of 穗城) Guangzhou • a surname
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 穂.
|湛 • (dam, chim) · 湛 • (dam, chim) (hangeul 담, 침, revised dam, chim, McCune–Reischauer tam, ch'im, Yale tam, chim)
|穗 • (su) · 穗 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tuệ
|Hán-Nôm : đậm • Hán-Nôm : giặm • Hán-Nôm : sậm • Hán-Nôm : sặm • Hán-Nôm : thấm • Hán-Nôm : trạm • Hán-Nôm : xạm • Hán-Nôm : xẩm
|
|
|穗
|湛
|-
|-
|穿
|湮
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 穴 (“cave”) + 牙 (“tooth”) – to penetrate through, to pass through. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan [Term?]; cognate with Tibetan རྟོལ (rtol, “to bore; to pierce; to perforate”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ From 上 (OC *djaŋʔ, *djaŋs) (Yang, 2016).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qiːn, *qin) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 垔 (OC *qin).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuan • Middle-Chinese : tsyhwen • Middle-Chinese : tsyhwenH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshīng
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'jin • Middle-Chinese : 'en
|to penetrate; to pierce • to pass through; to cross • to string; to chain • to wear; to put on (clothing); to have (clothing) on • placed after verbs to indicate “thoroughly; completely” ‖ (Min) to wear; to put on (clothing); to have (clothing) on
|(literary) to inundate; to sink; to bury; to cover up; to fall into oblivion • (literary) to clog up; to block up; to stop
|
|put on (to the feet) • dig • pierce • drill
|穿 (eumhun 뚫을 천 (ttureul cheon))
|hanja form of 천 (“to put on”)
|Hán-Nôm : xuyên • Hán-Nôm : xoen
|
|
|穿
|sink
|-
|湮 • (in) · 湮 • (in) (hangeul 인)
|窄
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraːɡ) : semantic 穴 (“cave; hole”) + phonetic 乍 (OC *zraːɡs)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄞˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄜˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Middle-Chinese : tsraek
|narrow; (of rooms, pants, etc.) tight • narrow-minded • (colloquial) badly off; hard up
| ‖ 窄(さこ) • (Sako)
| ‖ a surname
|窄 • (chak) · 窄 • (chak) (hangeul 착, McCune–Reischauer ch'ak, Yale chak)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : trách • Hán-Nôm : trậc
|Hán-Nôm : yên
|
|
|窄
|湮
|-
|-
|窖
|湾
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kruːɡs) : semantic 穴 (“hole; cave”) + phonetic 告 (OC *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ).
|Simplified from 灣 (彎 → 弯).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàu • Middle-Chinese : kaewH
|pit; cellar • to store in a cellar
|
|
|
|
| ‖ 湾(わん) • (wan)
|bay, gulf • bend, curve (replacing 彎) ‖ (geography) bay, gulf, inlet
|
|
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|romanization : diếu • romanization : khéo • romanization : khiếu • romanization : giáo
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|窖
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|窗
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 穴 (“hole”) + 囱 (“window”). \ From circumstantial noun prefix *s- + 通 (OC l̥ˤoŋ, “to penetrate”), literally "where light penetrates" (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshong • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaewng
|window (Classifier: 扇 m; 個／个 c; 隻／只 c)
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| ‖
|窗 • (chang) · 窗 • (chang) (hangeul 창)
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|Hán-Nôm : song
|湾
|(archaic, literary) window • Short for chấn song (“upright post in a paling or railing”).
|窗
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|窘
|湿
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kǔn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khún • Middle-Chinese : gwinX
|embarrassed • hard-pressed
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|rebuke
|窘 (eum 군 (gun))
|embarrassed • hard-pressed
|Hán-Nôm : quẫn
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|窘
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|窯
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iô • Middle-Chinese : yew
|damp • wet • moist
|brick kiln; furnace • -ware (specifically, pottery manufactured in a particular place) • coal pit • cave dwelling (common in the Loess Plateau, Northern China); yaodong • (colloquial) brothel; whorehouse • a surname: Yao
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|kiln
|窯 • (yo) · 窯 • (yo) (hangeul 요, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
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|窯
|湿
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|竊
|溘
|The current form likely derives from a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰleːd) : semantic 宀 + phonetic 䊪 (OC *m·raːds, *m·rads, *m·raːd), as attested in the Western Han period. 宀 is later replaced with 穴, and 萬 corrupts into 廿 and 禼. Based on the corrupted form, Shuowen erroneously interprets this character as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰleːd) : semantic 穴 (“cave; hole”) + semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 廿 (OC *zid) + phonetic 禼 (OC *sed). In the current form, 廿 is omitted and 米 is replaced with 釆. ‖  
| ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiap • Middle-Chinese : tshet ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshia̍p
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Middle-Chinese : khop ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄞˋ • Middle-Chinese : khajH
|to steal • thief • to acquire illegitimately; to usurp • secretly; stealthily • (literary, humble) personally ‖ (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) seventy (used with numbers from 71 to 79)
|(literary) abruptly; suddenly; unexpectedly • (literary) to rely on; to cover ‖ ^‡
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|to steal (“nusumu” reading) • secret; hushed, quietly (“hisoka” reading)
|sudden • unexpected
|竊 (eumhun 훔칠 절 (humchil jeol))
|溘 • (hap) · 溘 • (hap) (hangeul 합, revised hap, McCune–Reischauer hap, Yale hap)
|hanja form of 절 (“to steal”)
|Hán-Nôm : thiết
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|竊
|Hán-Nôm : hụp
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|溘
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|站
|溥
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rteːms) : semantic 立 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). A relatively late character – not found in Shuowen; found in Guangyun. \ A Northern Chinese word attested since the 9th-10th centuries. Displaced earlier 立 (OC *rɯb) in most modern northern Chinese varieties. ‖ Generally considered to be a Mongolian influence in the Yuan Dynasty – an abbreviation of 站赤 (zhànchì, “post stations during the Yuan Dynasty”), from Middle Mongol ᠵᠠᠮᠴᠢ (ǰamči, “post station”) (> Mongolian замч (zamč, “guide; cicerone”)), a derivative of Middle Mongol ᠵᠠᠮ (ǰam, “way, path”) (> Mongolian зам (zam)). \ Mongolian ǰam is undoubtedly cognate with Proto-Turkic *jam (“post station”) (> Turkish yam; ~ Russian ям (jam)) with the same meaning; see Yam (route). Also compare Turkish yamçı (“post rider”), Russian ямщи́к (jamščík, “drive, coachman”). \ There is no scholarly consensus regarding the direction of borrowing. Generally it is believed that Turkic jam and Chinese zhàn are loanwords from Mongolian ǰam, however some (e.g. Tuymebayev in Казахско-монгольские лексические параллели) believe the directionality is reversed (i.e. Chinese "to stand > stand > station" → Middle Mongol → Turkic → Russian). Whatever the etymology, what is apparent is that the word jam has been around for a long time and was used by Central Asians to designate a key postal relay station or official. \ In Chinese, this word has been competing with the native equivalent 驛／驿 (yì, “post station”) since its introduction. Mongol-ruled Yuan Dynasty saw a profusion of usages of zhàn, which was deliberately suppressed in the succeeding Ming Dynasty in favour of yì. Both were used in the subsequent Qing Dynasty, with zhàn eventually predominating in the modern times, being used to render the sense of "station" in modern concepts, such as "train station". Other Sinosphere countries show preference variations too: Vietnamese uses 站 (trạm), whereas Japanese and Korean still use 驛 for "station" (Japanese 駅 (えき, eki), Korean 역 (驛, yeok)).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːʔ, *paːɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 尃 (OC *pʰa). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːʔ, *paːɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 尃 (OC *pʰa).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǎm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàn • Middle-Chinese : treamH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǎm
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phó • Middle-Chinese : phuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Middle-Chinese : pak
|to stand • to stop; to halt • (figurative) to take a firm stance; to uphold the stand • a surname ‖ post station; relay station • station; stand • Short for 網站／网站 (wǎngzhàn, “website”).
|big; great; vast; wide • widespread; universal ‖ name of a river
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|站 • (cham) · 站 • (cham) (hangeul 참)
|溥 • (bu, bak) · 溥 • (bu, bak) (hangeul 부, 박, revised bu, bak, McCune–Reischauer pu, pak, Yale pu, pak)
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|Hán-Nôm : trạm • Hán-Nôm : trậm
|Hán-Nôm : phổ
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|站
|溥
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|竣
|溫
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlun) : semantic 立 + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːn) : semantic 水 + phonetic 𥁕 (OC *quːn).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsùn • Middle-Chinese : tshwin
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : un • Middle-Chinese : 'won
|^⁜ to complete; to finish • to abdicate
|(of temperature) lukewarm; warm • to warm up; to raise the temperature of • to revise; to review; to go over; to brush up • (chiefly in compounds) temperature • tepid; mild; soft; tender; gentle • irresolute; indecisive; weak • a surname: Wen • Alternative form of 瘟 (wēn)
| ‖ 溫(おん) • (On) ^(←をん (won)?)
|lukewarm • warm • tepid • mild ‖ a female given name
|溫 (eumhun 따뜻할 온 (ttatteuthal on))
|hanja form of 온 (“warm”) • hanja form of 온 (“heat up”)
|Hán-Nôm : ôn
|lukewarm (variant of 温)
|溫
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|溼
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|竣 • (jun, jeon) · 竣 • (jun, jeon) (hangeul 준, 전, revised jun, jeon, McCune–Reischauer chun, chŏn, Yale cwun, cen)
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|竣
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|竭
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kia̍t • Middle-Chinese : gjot • Middle-Chinese : gjet ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kha̍t
|to shoulder • to dry up; to drain • to exhaust; to use up ‖ (Hokkien) to be deficient; to be lacking; to be short of • (Mainland China Hokkien) infertile; barren (of land) • (Xiamen Hokkien) stingy; miserly • (Xiamen Hokkien) sluggish; slack (of business)
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|竭 • (gal, geol) · 竭 • (gal, geol) (hangeul 갈, 걸, revised gal, geol, McCune–Reischauer kal, kŏl, Yale kal, kel)
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|Hán-Nôm : kiệt
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|竭
|溼
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|竿
|滂
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːn) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːŋ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 旁 (OC *baːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːŋ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 旁 (OC *baːŋ).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gon¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuann • Middle-Chinese : kan
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phōng • Middle-Chinese : phang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥ
|bamboo pole • Classifier for bamboo. • a surname: Gan
|(of water) torrential; rushing • voluminous • (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 滂 (MC phang) ‖ Only used in 滂濞 (pēngpì) and 滂湃.
| ‖ 竿(かん) • (-kan) ‖ 竿(かん) • (kan)
|rod, pole • beam ‖ counter for poles ‖ a pole; a bamboo pole
|竿 • (gan) · 竿 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan, Yale kan)
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|Hán-Nôm : can • Hán-Nôm : cần
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|竿
|滂 • (bang) · 滂 • (bang) (hangeul 방, revised bang, McCune–Reischauer pang, Yale pang)
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|笙
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sreŋ) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mriŋ (“sound; noise; animal cry”); cognate with 鳴 (OC *mreŋ, “to make a sound”), 鈴 (OC *reːŋ, “bell”), Burmese မြည် (mrany, “to make a sound”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sing • Middle-Chinese : sraeng
|(music) sheng (a Chinese mouth-blown free reed instrument consisting of vertical pipes)
| ‖ 笙(しょう) • (shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?) ‖ 笙(そう) • (sō) ^(←さう (sau)?)
| ‖ a free-reed woodwind musical instrument used in Japanese court music, consisting of a mouthpiece and seventeen pipes, each similar to an organ pipe ‖ (obsolete) a free-reed woodwind musical instrument consisting of a mouthpiece and seventeen pipes, each similar to an organ pipe
|笙 • (saeng) · 笙 • (saeng) (hangeul 생, revised saeng, McCune–Reischauer saeng, Yale sayng)
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|Hán-Nôm : sanh
|Hán-Nôm : bẵng • Hán-Nôm : bàng • Hán-Nôm : phang • Hán-Nôm : phẳng
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|笙
|滂
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|笨
|滄
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pɯːnʔ, *bɯːnʔ) : semantic 竹 + phonetic 本 (OC *pɯːnʔ). \ Cognate with Tibetan བླུན (blun, “foolish; stupid; dull”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
|Characters in the same phonetic series (倉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːŋ, *sʰraŋs) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : ban⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pǔn • Middle-Chinese : pwonX • Middle-Chinese : bwonX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : pan⁵
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshong • Middle-Chinese : tshang
|heavy; cumbersome; strenuous • stupid; foolish; silly; slow-witted • clumsy; awkward • inner part of bamboo ‖ (dialectal Cantonese, Hakka, dated in standard Cantonese) thick
|(literary) blue; dark green (of water) • (literary) vast (of water) • (literary) cold; cool • Alternative form of 蒼／苍 (“grey”)
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|笨 • (bun) · 笨 • (bun) (hangeul 분, revised bun, McCune–Reischauer pun, Yale pun)
|滄 • (chang) · 滄 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang, Yale chang)
|hanja form of 분 (“mediocre; rough”)
|Hán-Nôm : bổn • Hán-Nôm : bát
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|笨
|Hán-Nôm : thương
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|滄
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|筏
|滌
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːwɢ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 條 (OC *l'ɯːw).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k • Middle-Chinese : dek
|to wash; to cleanse • to sweep; to clean up • to eliminate; to remove
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hua̍t • Middle-Chinese : bjot • Middle-Chinese : pat
|raft (made of bamboo or wood)
| ‖ 筏(いかだ) or 筏(イカダ) • (ikada) ‖ 筏(いかだ) • (Ikada)
| ‖ raft ‖ a surname
|筏 • (beol) · 筏 • (beol) (hangeul 벌)
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|滌 • (cheok) · 滌 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek)
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|Hán-Nôm : địch • Hán-Nôm : sạch
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|筏
|滌
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|筐
|滓
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsrɯʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 宰 (OC *ʔsɯːʔ).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsáinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lái • Middle-Chinese : tsriX
|dregs; sediment; residue
| ‖ 滓(かす) or 滓(カス) • (kasu)
| ‖ dregs; refuse; scum
|滓 • (jae) · 滓 • (jae) (hangeul 재, revised jae, McCune–Reischauer chae, Yale cay)
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwaang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khing • Middle-Chinese : khjwang
|Hán-Nôm : chỉ • Hán-Nôm : trể
|bamboo basket or chest
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|滓
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|滞
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|筐 • (gwang) · 筐 • (gwang) (hangeul 광)
|(광주리): basket made of bamboo
|Hán-Nôm : khuông
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|筐
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|筷
|From 快 (kuài), originally euphemistic for 箸 (zhù), homophonous to 住 (zhù, “to stay; to stop”). See 筷子 (kuàizi) for more. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuài ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǐr
|chopsticks (Classifier: 雙／双 c) • (Wu) Classifier for an amount of food held with a pair of chopsticks. ‖ (Hokkien, Teochew) Alternative form of 箸 (“chopstick”)
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|chopsticks
|a state of stopping; stagnate
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|筷
|滞
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|箋
|滬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaːʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 扈 (OC *ɡʷaːʔ). \ Probably a derivation from 互 (OC *ɡaːs, “intertwining”) (Schuessler, 2007). 扈 (OC *ɡʷaːʔ, “to stop; to prevent”) may be the same word (ibid.).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǒo • Middle-Chinese : huX
|weir; bamboo fence for catching fish • Shanghai • a surname
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsen
|annotation; commentary • stationery • letter; correspondence • note; memo
| ‖ 箋(せん) • (sen) ‖ 箋(ふだ) • (fuda)
| ‖ a slip of paper • a label made of wood, bamboo, ivory, or paper ‖ Alternative spelling of 札 (“a slip of paper; a label”)
|箋 (eumhun 기록할 전 (girokhal jeon))
|hanja form of 전 (“record”)
|Hán-Nôm : tiên
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|箋
|滬 • (ho) · 滬 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)
|-
|箕
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯ) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 其 (OC *kɯ, *ɡɯ). Specialization of 其.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Middle-Chinese : ki
|winnowing basket (a tool for removing chaff) • dustpan • (～宿) (Chinese astronomy) Winnowing Basket (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)
| ‖ 箕(み) • (mi) ‖ 箕(き) • (ki)
|winnowing ‖ a winnow; a winnowing basket ‖ Chinese "winnowing basket" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
|箕 • (gi) · 箕 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
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|Hán-Nôm : kia • Hán-Nôm : kìa • Hán-Nôm : ky • Hán-Nôm : cơ
|Hán-Nôm : hộ • Hán-Nôm : hỗ
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|箕
|滬
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|箭
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔslens) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 前 (OC *zleːn).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìnn • Middle-Chinese : tsjenH
|(archery, weaponry) arrow (Classifier: 支 m c mn) • type of bamboo
| ‖ 箭(や) • (ya)
| ‖ Alternative spelling of 矢 (“arrow”).
|箭 (eumhun 화살 전 (hwasal jeon))
|hanja form of 전 (“arrow”)
|Hán-Nôm : tiến • Hán-Nôm : tiễn • Hán-Nôm : tên chữ Hán Nôm in this term 箭 ‖
| ‖ chữ Hán form of tiễn (“arrow”).
|箭
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|篡
|滲
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuàn • Middle-Chinese : tsrhwaenH
|(literary, or in compounds) to seize; to usurp • (literary, or in compounds) to distort; to misrepresent • (literary) to hunt • a surname: Cuan
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siàm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sìm • Middle-Chinese : srimH
|to seep; to infiltrate
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|篡 • (chan) · 篡 • (chan) (hangeul 찬, revised chan, McCune–Reischauer ch'an, Yale chan)
|to soak through, to infiltrate
|滲 (eum 삼 (sam))
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|Hán-Nôm : rướm
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|滲
|篡
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|篷
|滾
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːŋ) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 逢 (OC *boŋ). \ Variant of 帆 (OC *bom), which has been related to 風 (OC *plum, “wind”) (Karlgren, 1957); if so, it may be from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *buŋ (“wind”) (STEDT).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kluːnʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 袞 (OC *kluːnʔ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : buwng
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kún
|awning; covering • sail • (literary) boat
|to roll; to turn; to rotate • (of a flood) to flow at great speed • to boil (bubble and turn to vapour) • (Cantonese, Gan, Hakka) boiling hot; scalding hot • (dialectal Hakka) hot; high in temperature (in general) • (chiefly as imperative, derogatory, colloquial, dismissal) to go away; to scram; to beat it; to get out • to roll along or about (in snow or flour); to get bigger • extremely; very • (sewing) to use a narrow piece of cut fabric to create an edge • a surname: Gun
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|
|
|
|篷 • (bong) · 篷 • (bong) (hangeul 봉, revised bong, McCune–Reischauer pong, Yale pong)
|滾 (eum 곤 (gon))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : củn • Hán-Nôm : cổn • Hán-Nôm : cuộn • Hán-Nôm : ngổn
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|滾
|篷
|-
|-
|簇
|漕
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰoːɡ) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 族 (OC *zoːɡ)
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zluː, *zluːs) : phonetic 曹 (OC *zluː) + semantic 氵 (“water”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cuk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiok • Middle-Chinese : tshuwk
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsô • Middle-Chinese : dzaw • Middle-Chinese : dzawH
|to swarm; to crowd together; to cluster; to pile up • cluster; pile; bouquet • Classifier for bunched objects: cluster; bundle; bunch • completely
|to transport grain by water • canal; waterway
| ‖ 簇(ぞく) • (zoku) ‖ 簇(むら) • (mura) ‖ 簇(むら) • (-mura)
| ‖ cocoon holders ‖ Alternative form of 群 ‖ Alternative form of 群
|簇 • (jok) · 簇 • (jok) (hangeul 족, revised jok, McCune–Reischauer chok, Yale cok)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : thốc • Hán-Nôm : cộp • Hán-Nôm : tậc • Hán-Nôm : thấc • Hán-Nôm : thậc • Hán-Nôm : thộc • Hán-Nôm : thoộc • Hán-Nôm : cốp • Hán-Nôm : cộm • Hán-Nôm : tớc
|rowing • scull • paddle
|漕 (eum 조 (jo))
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|
|簇
|Hán-Nôm : tảo
|
|漕
|-
|-
|簧
|漣
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ren) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 連 (OC *ren)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liân • Middle-Chinese : ljen • Middle-Chinese : ljenH
|(of water) ripple • appearance of continuous weeping • (～水) river in Hunan province
| ‖
|ripple • (of tears) continuously flowing ‖
|漣 (eum 련 (ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 연 (yeon))
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : hwang
|canonical : 漣: Hán Việt readings: liên 漣: Nôm readings: trơn • canonical : lăn • canonical : liên
|reed (of a musical instrument) • spring coil • sweet words
|
|漣
|-
|漩
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suân ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : suān
|eddy, whirlpool ‖ (Southern Min, of liquid) to splash; to spray (from a small hole) • (Southern Min) to piss; to pee; to urinate • (Southern Min, figurative) to insult
|
|
|flute reed
|簧 • (hwang) · 簧 • (hwang) (hangeul 황)
|reed of woodwind instrument
|Hán-Nôm : hoàng
|
|
|簧
|-
|簸
|
|
|Cantonese · Jyutping : bo³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bo² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puann • Middle-Chinese : paX • Middle-Chinese : paH
|to winnow • to bump; to jerk; to jolt
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|
|winnow • fan
|簸 • (pa) · 簸 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha)
|winnower
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|
|
|
|簸
|漩
|-
|-
|籠
|漪
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ, *roŋ) : semantic 𥫗 + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ). \ Attested somewhat late, in Warring States period's texts. \ A Southeast Asian area word (Alves 2015). \ * Per Schuessler 2007, most likely of Austroasiatic origin. Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *truŋ (“stable, sty, cage”) and *kruŋ (“to confine”) in Shorto 2006, whence Khmer ទ្រុង (trŭng, “cage”), ក្រុង (krŏng, “to confine”), Kuy thrùŋ (“cage”), potentially Vietnamese chuồng (“cage; shed; coop”), and so forth. The Vietnamese may possibly be an early Chinese loan instead (Alves 2018). \ * STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kruːŋ (“cage”), based on e.g. Garo gring (“cage”), Burmese ချိုင့် (hkyuing.). Schuessler thinks these were also borrowed from Austroasiatic. \ * Other forms include Proto-Tai [Term?], whence Thai กรง (grong, “cage”); and Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuruŋ, whence Indonesian kurung (“cage”), Tagalog kulong (“caged”). Schuessler believes these are also ultimately from Austroasiatic. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ, *roŋ) : semantic 𥫗 + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ). \ Attested somewhat late, in Warring States period's texts. \ A Southeast Asian area word (Alves 2015). \ * Per Schuessler 2007, most likely of Austroasiatic origin. Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *truŋ (“stable, sty, cage”) and *kruŋ (“to confine”) in Shorto 2006, whence Khmer ទ្រុង (trŭng, “cage”), ក្រុង (krŏng, “to confine”), Kuy thrùŋ (“cage”), potentially Vietnamese chuồng (“cage; shed; coop”), and so forth. The Vietnamese may possibly be an early Chinese loan instead (Alves 2018). \ * STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kruːŋ (“cage”), based on e.g. Garo gring (“cage”), Burmese ချိုင့် (hkyuing.). Schuessler thinks these were also borrowed from Austroasiatic. \ * Other forms include Proto-Tai [Term?], whence Thai กรง (grong, “cage”); and Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuruŋ, whence Indonesian kurung (“cage”), Tagalog kulong (“caged”). Schuessler believes these are also ultimately from Austroasiatic. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ, *roŋ) : semantic 𥫗 + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ). \ Attested somewhat late, in Warring States period's texts. \ A Southeast Asian area word (Alves 2015). \ * Per Schuessler 2007, most likely of Austroasiatic origin. Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *truŋ (“stable, sty, cage”) and *kruŋ (“to confine”) in Shorto 2006, whence Khmer ទ្រុង (trŭng, “cage”), ក្រុង (krŏng, “to confine”), Kuy thrùŋ (“cage”), potentially Vietnamese chuồng (“cage; shed; coop”), and so forth. The Vietnamese may possibly be an early Chinese loan instead (Alves 2018). \ * STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kruːŋ (“cage”), based on e.g. Garo gring (“cage”), Burmese ချိုင့် (hkyuing.). Schuessler thinks these were also borrowed from Austroasiatic. \ * Other forms include Proto-Tai [Term?], whence Thai กรง (grong, “cage”); and Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuruŋ, whence Indonesian kurung (“cage”), Tagalog kulong (“caged”). Schuessler believes these are also ultimately from Austroasiatic.
|See 漣漪／涟漪 (liányī).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : láng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóng • Middle-Chinese : luwng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ljowng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : láng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóng • Middle-Chinese : luwngX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Middle-Chinese : 'je
|bamboo-made implement for holding soil • bamboo-made cage (for animals); coop • bamboo container, holder, hoop, basket, steamer (for buns, dumplings, etc.) ‖ (～竹) A kind of bamboo produced in the Lingnan region of China. ‖ to cover (all); to encompass; to include • to shroud; to envelop; to enshroud • to hide (one's hands, e.g. in the sleeves) • to twine; to wind; to tie up • to light (a fire); to kindle • large bamboo box; trunk • (Cantonese) large box; trunk • (Cantonese) interior (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (Cantonese) Classifier for 嘢 (je5), used in combination to describe negative matters caused by or associated with someone. • (Shanghainese, slang) a hundred of a currency designation
|Short for 漣漪／涟漪 (liányī). • Alternative form of 猗
| ‖ 籠(かご) • (kago) ‖ 籠(かご) • (Kago) ‖ 籠(こ) • (ko) ‖ 籠(ろう) • (rō) ‖ 籠(ろう) • (rō)
|
| ‖ a cage • a basket ‖ a surname ‖ a basket, especially one made of bamboo • Short for 伏籠 (fusego): a clothes airer, or chicken coop ‖ Alternative spelling of 牢 (rō): a jail, prison; a cage; food (usually meat) used in offerings ‖ basket • bring in • seclude oneself
|ripple
|籠 (eumhun 대바구니 롱 (daebaguni rong), word-initial (South Korea) 대바구니 농 (daebaguni nong))
|漪 (eum 의 (ui))
|hanja form of 롱/농 (“basket”)
|Hán-Nôm : lồng • Hán-Nôm : lung • Hán-Nôm : ruồng • Hán-Nôm : luông • Hán-Nôm : luồng
|
|
|籠
|Hán-Nôm : y
|
|漪
|-
|-
|粥
|漲
|The reduced form of the character 鬻 (OC *luɡ), which was an ideogrammic compound and the original character for "congee". \ ; “congee; rice gruel” \ : Alternatively, it may be related to Tibetan ཐུག་པ (thug pa, “Tibetan-style soup, broth, gruel, porridge”) (Bodman, 1980; Schuessler, 2007). ‖ The reduced form of the character 鬻 (OC *luɡ), which was an ideogrammic compound and the original character for "congee". \ ; “congee; rice gruel” \ : Alternatively, it may be related to Tibetan ཐུག་པ (thug pa, “Tibetan-style soup, broth, gruel, porridge”) (Bodman, 1980; Schuessler, 2007).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taŋ, *taŋʔ, *taŋs) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 張 (OC *taŋ, *taŋs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taŋ, *taŋʔ, *taŋs) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 張 (OC *taŋ, *taŋs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taŋ, *taŋʔ, *taŋs) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 張 (OC *taŋ, *taŋs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tso̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu̍k • Middle-Chinese : tsyuwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : yuwk
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiùnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiònn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiáng • Middle-Chinese : trjang • Middle-Chinese : trjangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiùnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiònn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàng • Middle-Chinese : trjang • Middle-Chinese : trjangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤ • Middle-Chinese : trjang
|congee; rice gruel; porridge • weak; feeble • a surname: Zhou ‖ Alternative form of 育 (“to give birth; to rear”) • Original form of 鬻 (yù, “to sell”). • a surname
|to rise; to go up; to increase ‖ Alternative form of 脹／胀 (zhàng, “to swell; to distend”) • to be filled • (Mainland China) to exceed by • a surname ‖ Alternative name for 南海 (Nánhǎi, “South Sea”).
| ‖ 粥(かゆ) or 粥(かい) or 粥(しゅく) • (kayu or kai or shuku)
|
|congee ‖ congee (a type of rice porridge)
|
|粥 (eumhun 죽 죽 (juk juk))
|漲 (eum 창 (chang))
|hanja form of 죽 (“congee”)
|
|Hán-Nôm : cháo
|Hán-Nôm : trướng • Hán-Nôm : nhướng
|
|
|粥
|漲
|-
|-
|粱
|漳
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kjaŋ) : semantic 水 + phonetic 章 (OC *kjaŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong • Middle-Chinese : tsyang
|(～河) Zhang River (river flowing from Shanxi to Hebei) • (～江) Zhang River (river in Fujian) • Short for 漳州 (Zhāngzhōu). • a surname
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liông • Middle-Chinese : ljang
|good varieties of millet; millet in general • exquisite staple food
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|
|漳 • (jang) · 漳 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
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|粱 • (ryang>yang) · 粱 • (ryang>yang) (hangeul 량>양, revised ryang>yang, McCune–Reischauer ryang>yang, Yale lyang>yang)
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|Hán-Nôm : lương • Hán-Nôm : thông
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|粱
|漳
|-
|-
|糊
|漿
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaŋ) : phonetic 將 (OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs) + semantic 水 (“water”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaŋ) : phonetic 將 (OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs) + semantic 水 (“water”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiaunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiang • Middle-Chinese : tsjang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˋ
|(obsolete) an ancient sour drink • thick fluid (in general) • drink; beverage; juice • rice water; broth • paste; starch • to soak washed clothes in rice water to make them smooth and stiff after drying; to starch • (dialectal) soy milk • (Cantonese) to be covered by thick fluid ‖ Alternative form of 糨 (jiàng)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khôo • Middle-Chinese : hu
|rice water, broth, gruel • drinkstuff
|(literary) congee; rice gruel; porridge • to eat gruel to allay one's hunger • paste • to apply a mixture • muddled; unclear; blurry • (Mainland China, fandom slang) to flop • victory in mahjong game
|漿 • (jang) · 漿 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
| ‖ 糊(のり) • (nori)
|glue ‖ glue
|糊 • (ho) · 糊 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hồ
|Hán-Nôm : tương
|
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|糊
|漿
|-
|-
|糕
|潑
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : put³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuat • Middle-Chinese : phat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ
|to pour; to splash • to submerge; to drown • to brew (tea); to make (tea) • wild and unreasonable • fierce and bold • bad; poor • (Hokkien, intransitive) to splatter; to splash • (Xiamen Hokkien) to fan • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) Classifier for short periods of an event. ‖ Only used in 潑潑／泼泼 (bōbō, “wiggling of fish's tail”).
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo
|pour • splash • water • sprinkle • violent • malignant
|cake • pudding; paste
|潑 (eumhun 물뿌릴 발 (mulppuril bal))
|sprinkle water • fierce
|Hán-Nôm : bát
|
|
|潑
|-
|潜
|
|
|糕 • (go) · 糕 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cao
|cake, pastry, pie
|糕
|-
|糙
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshòo • Middle-Chinese : tshawH
|unhusked; unshucked; unpolished (of rice) • rough; coarse; crude; unrefined • rude; impolite
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|
|
|
|糙 • (jo) · 糙 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
|潜 • (jam) · 潜 • (jam) (hangeul 잠, revised jam, McCune–Reischauer cham, Yale cam)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|糙
|潜
|-
|-
|糟
|潦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsluː) : semantic 米 + phonetic 曹 (OC *zluː).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːwʔ, *reːws) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 尞 (). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːwʔ, *reːws) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 尞 (). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːwʔ, *reːws) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 尞 ().
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tso • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsau • Middle-Chinese : tsaw
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ló • Hokkien · Tai-lo : láu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁵ • Middle-Chinese : lawX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁶ • Middle-Chinese : lawH
|alcohol dregs • to preserve food in alcohol or alcohol dregs • (informal) awful; messy; terrible; in bad shape • to decay; to decompose; to spoil • (literary, or in compounds) to damage; to cause destruction to; to harm
|Used in 潦倒 (liáodǎo) and 潦草 (liáocǎo). • Alternative form of 燎 (“to burn; to scald”) ‖ heavy rain • (of rain) heavy; torrential • puddle; accumulated water ‖ flooded; inundated • flooding • to flood
| ‖
|
| ‖
|heavy rain
|糟 • (jo) · 糟 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
|潦 • (ryo>yo) · 潦 • (ryo>yo) (hangeul 료>요, revised ryo>yo, McCune–Reischauer ryo>yo, Yale lyo>yo)
|
|Hán-Nôm : lẻo
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tao • Hán-Nôm : tào
|潦
|(literary, only used in compound tao khang) alcohol dregs
|糟
|-
|-
|糠
|潸
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰlaːŋ) : semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 康 (OC *kʰlaːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khng • Middle-Chinese : khang
|chaff; bran; husks • crumbs • (of a radish) spongy • poor quality; worthless
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : san • Middle-Chinese : sraen • Middle-Chinese : sraenX
|(literary) tearful • (literary) to shed tears
|
|
|糠 • (gang) · 糠 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : khang
|潸 • (san) · 潸 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)
|
|
|糠
|
|
|潸
|-
|-
|糯
|潺
| ‖  
| ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : no⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lō ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu̍t
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshan • Middle-Chinese : dzrean • Middle-Chinese : dzrjen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan⁴
|glutinous; sticky • glutinous rice ‖ (Southern Min) Alternative form of 秫 (“glutinous rice”)
|The sound or appearance of flowing water. Used in compounds. ‖ (Cantonese) slime; mucus • (Matsu Eastern Eastern Min) spring water, water from the ground or from cracks in rocks
| ‖ 糯(もち) • (mochi)
| ‖ glutinous rice
|糯 • (na) · 糯 • (na) (hangeul 나, revised na, McCune–Reischauer na, Yale na)
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|Hán-Nôm : nhu
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|糯
|潺 • (jan) · 潺 • (jan) (hangeul 잔, revised jan, McCune–Reischauer chan, Yale can)
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|Hán-Nôm : sờn • Hán-Nôm : sàn • Hán-Nôm : sớn
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|潺
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|-
|紊
|潼
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯns) : phonetic 文 (OC *mɯn) + semantic 糸 (“silk”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : būn • Middle-Chinese : mjunH
|disorderly; chaotic; dysfunctional; confused
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|
|fall into confusion • disorder
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Middle-Chinese : duwng • Middle-Chinese : tsyhowng
|紊 • (mun) · 紊 • (mun) (hangeul 문, revised mun, McCune–Reischauer mun, Yale mun)
|high, lofty • damp • Tong Pass (潼關) • Tong River (潼河)
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|
|潼 • (dong) · 潼 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune–Reischauer tong, Yale tong)
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|紊
|-
|紋
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯn) : semantic 糸 (“thread”) + phonetic 文 (OC *mɯn) – a line of thread. Specialised character from 文 (OC *mɯn). \ From 文 (OC *mɯn, “mark, tattoo”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bûn • Middle-Chinese : mjun
|line; streak; stripe • grain (of wood) • wrinkle • pattern • to tattoo
| ‖ 紋(もん) • (mon) ^(←もん (mon)?)
|crest (often of a family) ‖ Synonym of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”)
|紋 (eumhun 무늬 문 (munui mun))
|hanja form of 문 (“figure”)
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|
|
|紋
|潼
|-
|-
|紡
|澀
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaŋʔ) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ). \ Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k(w)aŋ ⪤ *pʷaŋ (“spider; spin; spindle”), whence Tibetan ཕང (phang, “spindle”), Burmese ဝင့် (wang., “to spin (cotton)”) (STEDT).
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *srɯb) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 歰 (OC *srɯb, “rough; not smooth”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pháng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng • Middle-Chinese : phjangX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sap¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gip³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sip • Middle-Chinese : srip
|to spin; to reel; to weave • reeled pongee
|(of surfaces) rough; unsmooth • astringent; acerbic; tart • (of writing) hard to understand; obscure; not flowing • (of speech) ineloquent; sluggish • (Southern Min) stingy; miserly
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|
|to spin; to make yarn • to spin (a tale); to assemble (e.g. words); to put together
|Alternative form of 渋
|紡 (eum 방 (bang))
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|
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|Hán-Nôm : sáp • Hán-Nôm : xát
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|
|紡
|澀
|-
|-
|紳
|澆
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋkeːw, *ŋeːws) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiâu • Middle-Chinese : kew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ngewH
|to pour (liquid) • to irrigate (using a waterwheel) • to water; to sprinkle • to cast; to shape metal; to mold • (literary, or in compounds) frivolous; disrespectful; discourteous ‖ Used in personal names.
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sin • Middle-Chinese : syin
|girdle worn by officials in ancient China • to tie; to bind • gentleman
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|
|sire • good belt • gentleman
|澆 • (yo) · 澆 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
|紳 • (sin) · 紳 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin, Yale sin)
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|Hán-Nôm : nhão • Hán-Nôm : kiêu • Hán-Nôm : nghiêu
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|
|澆
|-
|澗
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːns, *kraːns) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 閒 (OC *ɡreːn) \ Semantic loan from Dutch gang (“alleyway, alley, narrow street”) for the sense of alleyway, alley, narrow street.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàn • Middle-Chinese : kaenH
|brook between mountains; mountain stream • a numeral that refers to 10³⁶ or others • (historical, Hokkien) alleyway, alley, narrow street
| ‖ 澗(かん) • (kan)
| ‖ undecillion, a number of 10³⁶ in modern Japanese since 17th century.
|澗 (eumhun 산골 물 간 (san'gol mul gan))
|hanja form of 간 (“mountain stream”)
|Hán-Nôm : giản
|
|
|紳
|澗
|-
|-
|紹
|澧
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djewʔ) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 召 (OC *dews, *djews).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 豊 (OC *riːʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siāu • Middle-Chinese : dzyewX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁵ • Middle-Chinese : lejX
|to continue; to carry on • Short for 紹興／绍兴 (Shàoxīng, “Shaoxing”). • a surname
|(～水) Lishui River (a river in Hunan, China) • (～河, ～水) Lihe River (a river in Henan, China) • (～縣) Li County (a county of Hunan) • Alternative form of 醴 (lǐ, “sweet”) • a surname
|
|
|introduce
|紹 • (so) · 紹 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
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|
|澧 • (rye>ye) · 澧 • (rye>ye) (hangeul 례>예, revised rye>ye, McCune–Reischauer rye>ye, Yale lyey>yey)
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|
|
|
|紹
|
|澧
|-
|-
|絃
|澱
|Characters in the same phonetic series (玄) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡeːn, *qʰʷeːn) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 玄 (OC *ɡʷeːn). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (玄) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡeːn, *qʰʷeːn) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 玄 (OC *ɡʷeːn).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : xwenH
|Alternative form of 弦 (“string on a musical instrument”) ‖ Alternative form of 絢／绚 (xuàn)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiān • Middle-Chinese : denH
|to settle; to precipitate • sediment; dregs
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|
|絃 • (hyeon) · 絃 • (hyeon) (hangeul 현, revised hyeon, McCune–Reischauer hyŏn, Yale hyen)
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|
|澱 • (jeon) · 澱 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
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|Hán-Nôm : điến • Hán-Nôm : điện
|
|
|絃
|澱
|-
|-
|絕
|澹
|Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 刀 (“knife”) + 幺 (“silk”) or ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 刀 (“knife”) + 𢆶 (“silk”) — to cut silk threads. \ Now phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 糹 (“silk”) + semantic 刀 (“knife”) + phonetic 巴 (卪).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːm, *daːmʔ, *daːms) : semantic 水 + phonetic 詹 (OC *tjam). \ Related to 淡 (OC *l'aːm, *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms, *lamʔ). ‖  ‖  ‖ Possibly from Austroasiatic; compare Vietnamese đầm (“swamp; to be soaking; be sopping wet”) (Norman and Mei, 1976). Also compare Proto-Tai *domᴬ (“wet”), whence Zhuang dumz (“wet; soaked”) (Yue-Hashimoto, 1976).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tse̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tse̍rh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsēr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsua̍t • Middle-Chinese : dzjwet
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daam⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taam⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǎm • Middle-Chinese : damX • Middle-Chinese : damH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâm • Middle-Chinese : dam ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâm
|to break off; to cut off; to sever • to terminate; to discontinue; to break off • to exhaust; to use up • superb; peerless; matchless • desperate; dangerous without a way out • extremely; most • (used before a negative) absolutely; definitely; certainly • to die • (literary) to cross; to traverse; to pass • (poetry) jueju; quatrain • (literary) faraway; distant; remote • (literary) to surpass; to outdo • (Xiamen Hokkien) Used at the start of a sentence to express surprise, admiration, regret, or frustration
|calm and indifferent to fame and fortune • quiet; tranquil • light (of taste); insipid • (of water) to ripple • a surname ‖ Only used in 澹臺／澹台 (Tántái, “a surname”). ‖ Only used in 澹林. ‖ (dialectal Eastern Min, Southern Min, Puxian Min) wet; damp; moist
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|絕 (eum 절 (jeol))
|澹 • (dam, seom) · 澹 • (dam, seom) (hangeul 담, 섬, revised dam, seom, McCune–Reischauer tam, sŏm, Yale tam, sem)
|Alternative form of 絶
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|Hán-Nôm : đam • Hán-Nôm : đàm • Hán-Nôm : đạm
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|絕
|澹
|-
|-
|絞
|濂
| ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·reːm) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 廉 (OC *ɡ·rem)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ká • Middle-Chinese : kaewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haau⁴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâm
|to twist; to wring • to wind; to intertwine; to grind • Classifier for skeins of wools or thread. ‖ (historical) sash used to tie a dead body • greenish-yellow
|a waterfall • A river in Hunan
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|
|strangle; constrict • to wring; to squeeze; to milk
|絞 • (gyo) · 絞 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
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|
|濂 • (ryeom>yeom) · 濂 • (ryeom>yeom) (hangeul 렴>염, revised ryeom>yeom, McCune–Reischauer ryŏm>yŏm, Yale lyem>yem)
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|Hán-Nôm : nhèm
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|絞
|濂
|-
|-
|絮
|濘
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rnaːs, *nas, *snas, *nas) : phonetic 如 (OC *nja, *njas) + semantic 糸 (“silk”). ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sìr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sì • Middle-Chinese : sjoH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄩˋ • Middle-Chinese : nrjoH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˋ • Middle-Chinese : trhjoH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˋ • Middle-Chinese : naeH
|(archaic) coarse silk floss • cotton; cotton wadding • (botany) pubescence; villus; fine hair • to wad with cotton or silk floss • long-winded • bored; fed up; sick of something ‖ a surname ‖ to mix; to stir ‖ (of silk) disorderly; tangled
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : líng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līng • Middle-Chinese : nengX • Middle-Chinese : nejH • Middle-Chinese : nengH
|mud • miry, muddy, stagnant
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|
|絮 • (seo, yeo) · 絮 • (seo, yeo) (hangeul 서, 여, revised seo, yeo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, yŏ, Yale se, ye)
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|
|濘 • (nyeong>yeong) · 濘 • (nyeong>yeong) (hangeul 녕>영, revised nyeong>yeong, McCune–Reischauer nyŏng>yŏng, Yale nyeng>yeng)
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|Hán-Nôm : ninh • Hán-Nôm : nính
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|絮
|濘
|-
|-
|絲
|濛
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 糸 + 糸.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Middle-Chinese : si
|silk • items made from woven silk • silk-like object; fine thread; thin strip; thin shred • (music) string instrument • Classifier for extremely small quantities. • (Buddhism, obsolete) the number 10⁻⁴
| ‖ 絲(いと) • (Ito)
|Kyūjitai form of 糸: thread ‖ a female given name • a surname
|絲 • (sa) · 絲 • (sa) (hangeul 사)
|(명주): silk • (실): thread
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bông • Middle-Chinese : muwng • Middle-Chinese : muwngX
|drizzling, misty, raining
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|
|絲
|-
|經
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keːŋ, *keːŋs) : semantic 糸 (“silk; thread”) + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keːŋ, *keːŋs) : semantic 糸 (“silk; thread”) + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kenn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Middle-Chinese : keng • Middle-Chinese : kengH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Middle-Chinese : kengH
|(weaving) warp, a thread running lengthwise in a woven fabric • to go through; to experience • to control; to manage; to engage in • something regarded as principal, doctrinal or classical · norm; regulation • something regarded as principal, doctrinal or classical · Chinese classics • something regarded as principal, doctrinal or classical · sacred texts of a certain religion, often used as a suffix for the titles of religious works • (traditional Chinese medicine) blood vessel • menses; menstruation • Short for 經度／经度 (jīngdù, “longitude”). • (Hakka, Southern Min) to weave • a surname ‖ to weave • (weaving) to wrap; to arrange strands of thread so that they run lengthwise • Alternative form of 徑／径 (jìng, “diameter”) • Alternative form of 徑／径 (jìng, “path”) • Alternative form of 徑／径 (jìng, “straight; directly”)
|
|
|classic works • pass through
|濛 (eum 몽 (mong))
|經 (eumhun 지날 경 (jinal gyeong))
|hanja form of 경 (“to pass”)
|canonical : 經: Hán Việt readings: kinh 經: Nôm readings: canh • canonical : kinh
|classic works
|經
|-
|綠
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roɡ) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 彔 (OC *b·roːɡ). \ Starostin derives this from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rwak (“leaf”), and cites Tibetan ཁྲོག་པོ (khrog po, “botanical term used of leaves standing round the stem scattered or alternately”), Burmese ရွက် (rwak), အရွက် (a.rwak, “leaf”) as cognates. Compare also Kinnauri rāgʻ (“blue, green”). \ Cognate with 菉 (“name of a plant of uncertain species”). In modern times this character gave rise to 氯 (“chlorine”). \ For the sense “to cuckold”, see 綠頭巾／绿头巾 (lǜtóujīn).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lio̍k • Middle-Chinese : ljowk
|green • to become green • (literary, only of hair) black and glossy (especially in a youthful-looking way) • healthy; environmentally friendly; green • green leaves • green field • Original form of 籙. • Alternative form of 菉 (lù, “name of a plant”) • (symbolic) Islam(ic); Muslim • (politics) related to the pro-independence pan-Green coalition of Taiwan • (slang) to cuckold • a surname
| ‖ 綠(みどり) • (Midori)
|Kyūjitai form of 緑: the color green ‖ a female given name.
|綠 (eumhun 푸를 록 (pureul rok), word-initial (South Korea) 푸를 녹 (pureul nok))
|hanja form of 록/녹 (“blue, green”)
|Hán-Nôm : lục
|green
|綠
|-
|網
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mlaŋʔ) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 罔 (OC *mlaŋʔ). \ Compare Thai มุ้ง (múng, “mosquito net”), มอง (mɔɔng, “a kind of fishing net”) (Manomaiviboon, 1975). Perhaps the same word as 罔 (OC *mlaŋʔ, “to deceive”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mlaŋʔ) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 罔 (OC *mlaŋʔ). \ Compare Thai มุ้ง (múng, “mosquito net”), มอง (mɔɔng, “a kind of fishing net”) (Manomaiviboon, 1975). Perhaps the same word as 罔 (OC *mlaŋʔ, “to deceive”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bāng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bǎng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bóng • Middle-Chinese : mjangX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : báng
|net; web • network • the Internet; the Web • internet connection • (Cantonese) website (Classifier: 個／个 c) • to net; to catch with a net • to cover; to enclose; to net • (Mainland China Hokkien) to meticulously patch (a sewing technique) • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to steal; to snatch ‖ (Quanzhou Hokkien) to catch someone; to arrest • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to steal; to snatch
| ‖ 網(あみ) • (ami) ‖ 網(もう) • (-mō)
| ‖ net, netting ‖ network
|網 (eumhun 그물 망 (geumul mang))
|hanja form of 망 (“net”)
|Hán-Nôm : võng
|web, net • a hammock
|網
|-
|綻
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiān • Middle-Chinese : dreanH ‖
|to burst open; to split (at the seam) ‖ (Eastern Min) Alternative form of 賺／赚 (“incorrect”)
|
|
|be rent • ripped • unravel • run • begin to open • smile
|Hán-Nôm : mông
|綻 (eumhun 터질 탄 (teojil tan))
|hanja form of 탄 (“to burst open, to split”)
|Hán-Nôm : trán • Hán-Nôm : chám • Hán-Nôm : chớm • Hán-Nôm : trám • Hán-Nôm : trớm
|
|
|綻
|濛
|-
|-
|緒
|濠
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljaʔ) : semantic 糹 + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːw) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 豪 (OC *ɡaːw).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sī • Middle-Chinese : zjoX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hô • Middle-Chinese : haw
|thread; thread end • beginning • mental state • clue
|moat; trench; ditch
| ‖ 緒(しょ) • (sho) ‖ 緒(ちょ) • (cho) ‖ 緒(お) • (o)
| ‖ 濠(ごう) • (gō) ^(←がう (gau)?) ‖ 濠(ほり) • (hori)
| ‖ beginning • mental or emotional state ‖ Alternative form of 緒 (sho) ‖ string; cord; thong • (specifically) string of a geta or sandal
|moat, trench • (abbreviation) Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as its precursor colony in the British Empire) • (abbreviation) (geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands) ‖ moat, trench ‖ ditch, canal • moat
|緒 • (seo) · 緒 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)
|濠 (eum 호 (ho))
|Alternative form of 緖
|
|Hán-Nôm : tự
|Hán-Nôm : hào
|
|
|緒
|濠
|-
|-
|締
|濡
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deː, *deːɡs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 帝 (OC *teːɡs).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njo, *noːn) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tè • Middle-Chinese : dej • Middle-Chinese : dejH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Middle-Chinese : nyu • Middle-Chinese : nwan
|to form; to establish • to associate • to restrain; to suppress
|immerse, moisten • wet, damp • Used in 濡忍.
|
|
|to close • to shut something; to lock something closed
|wet
|締 • (che) · 締 • (che) (hangeul 체, revised che, McCune–Reischauer ch'e, Yale chey)
|濡 (eum 유 (yu))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nhụa
|
|
|
|濡
|締
|-
|-
|緣
|濤
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lon, *lons) : semantic 糹 + phonetic 彖 (OC *l̥ʰjelʔ, *hljelʔ, *l̥ʰoːns). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lon, *lons) : semantic 糹 + phonetic 彖 (OC *l̥ʰjelʔ, *hljelʔ, *l̥ʰoːns).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *duː, *duː) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 壽 (OC *djuʔ, *djus).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iân • Middle-Chinese : ywen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁶
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Middle-Chinese : daw
|hem (edge of a piece of clothing) • edge; brink; margin • along; down; throughout the length of • to climb up; to climb vertically; to ascend • to involve; to implicate; to incriminate • reason; cause; basis • (literary) because of; due to • relying on; depending on • lucky chance; luck or lot by which people are brought together; predestined relationship; fate; serendipity • linkage; bondings ‖ hem; margin • to edge with lace; to rim with lace, border, etc.
|billows; large waves • sound of the sea
|
|
|hem • margin • reason • cause • karma • destiny; fate
|waves, billows
|緣 • (yeon, dan) · 緣 • (yeon, dan) (hangeul 연, 단, revised yeon, dan, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, tan, Yale yen, tan)
|濤 (eumhun 물결 도 (mulgyeol do))
|fate • reason
|hanja form of 도 (“waves”)
|Hán-Nôm : duyên
|Hán-Nôm : đào
|
|
|緣
|濤
|-
|-
|緻
|濬
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi³ • Middle-Chinese : drijH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³ • Middle-Chinese : swinH
|delicate; fine
|(alt. form 浚) to dredge; to dig (a waterway, well, etc.) • (alt. form 浚) deep; profound • ^† to enlighten; to elucidate; to clear up
|
|
|fine (not coarse)
|緻 • (chi) · 緻 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : trí
|濬 (eum 준 (jun))
|
|
|緻
|Hán-Nôm : tuấn
|
|濬
|-
|-
|縛
|濱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baːɡs, *baɡ) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 尃 (OC *pʰa). \ Austroasiatic. Compare Khmer ប៉ាក់ (pak, “to embroider”), Mon ဗိုက် (“to put around esp. lower half of body”), Temiar bəg (“to bind”) (Schuessler, 2007). Alternatively, note Thai ผูก (pùuk, “to tie; to bind”) and Vietnamese buộc (“to tie; to bind”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pin) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 賓 (OC *mpin) \ According to Schuessler (2007), this is a Southeast Asian etymon. Compare Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *te(m)biŋ (“border, edge, shore, bank”) & Proto-Monic *t(r)mɓaɲ (“rim, edge; lips”). \ Unclear, if possible, connection with Tibeto-Burman lexical items: Lepcha ᰓᰧᰶ (bí, “edge, border”) & ᰜᰤᰴ ᰓᰧᰶ (lyaŋ bí, “utmost limit of a place”); Tibetan ཕྱི (phyi) ~ ཕྱིན (phyin, “outside”) (unless the Tibetan items belong to 比 (OC *piʔ, “behind > outside?”)) (ibid.). \ 瀕 (OC *pin, *bin) is possibly its endopassive derivative. 墳 (OC -) ~ 濆 (OC *pʰɯːn, *bɯn) is possibly its vocalic variant (ibid.).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bok⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ho̍k • Middle-Chinese : baH • Middle-Chinese : bjak
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin • Middle-Chinese : pjin
|to tie up; to bind; to truss • (Hokkien) to weave from bamboo strips (tools, utensils, etc.) • (Hokkien) feeling tight when worn (of clothes) • (Hokkien) Classifier for bundled items. • (Mainland China Hokkien) to take on a contract; to undertake (a job, construction project, etc.) • (Mainland China Hokkien) to wrap; to bind up • (Xiamen Hokkien) to rent; to lease • a surname
|shore; beach; coast; bank • to border on; to be adjacent to • (obsolete) Alternative form of 瀕／濒 (bīn, “imminent; about to; nearly”) • (literary) border; edge
| ‖ 濱(はま) • (hama)
| ‖ beach, seashore
|濱 (eumhun 물가 빈 (mulga bin))
|
|
|to tie, to bind
|Hán-Nôm : tân
|縛 (eumhun 묶을 박 (mukkeul bak))
|hanja form of 박 (“tie”)
|Hán-Nôm : phược • Hán-Nôm : phọc • Hán-Nôm : phước
|
|
|縛
|濱
|-
|-
|縣
|濺
|Shuowen: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𥄉 + 系 – to hang 系 by the head 𥄉 (hair hanging down). \ Original form of 懸. Originally in bronze and bamboo slip scripts, Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 目 + 木 + 糸 - to hang with the string 糸 by the head 目 (using an eye to represent a head) on a tree 木. In Qin bamboo slip scripts, some of 目 + 木 were corrupted to 県 (with one straight horizontal line rather than 𠃊) which interpreted to a reversed 首 head by Shuowen, and 糸 was corrupted to 系. ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsens, *ʔseːn) : semantic 水 (“walk”) + phonetic 賤 (OC *zlens). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsens, *ʔseːn) : semantic 水 (“walk”) + phonetic 賤 (OC *zlens).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuāinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuǎn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiān • Middle-Chinese : hwenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwen
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiān • Middle-Chinese : tsjenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsen
|A type of administrative division: · (historical, in ancient China) district; prefecture • A type of administrative division: · (in Mainland China) county (third level division that is now generally restricted to rural areas, contrasted with urban districts (區／区 (qū))) • A type of administrative division: · (in Taiwan) county (first level division that used to be under the jurisdiction of a province but are now directly administered by the central government) • A type of administrative division: · (in Japan) prefecture • A type of administrative division: · (in the United States) county (second level division under the jurisdiction of a state, excluding Alaska and Louisiana) • (in many cases but not always) county seat (the town which serves as the seat of government of such divisions) • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 懸／悬 (xuán, “to hang; to suspend”)
|to splash; to splatter ‖ Used in 濺濺／溅溅 (jiānjiān)
|
|
|
|
|濺 • (cheon) · 濺 • (cheon) (hangeul 천)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tiên • Hán-Nôm : tiễn
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : huyện
|濺
|chữ Hán form of huyện (“district”).
|縣
|-
|-
|縫
|濾
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boŋ, *boŋs) : semantic 糹 + phonetic 逢 (OC *boŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boŋ, *boŋs) : semantic 糹 + phonetic 逢 (OC *boŋ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ras) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 慮 (OC *ras).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : fung⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : bjowng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phāng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōng • Middle-Chinese : bjowngH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī
|to sew • to patch; to mend • a surname: Feng ‖ seam; crack; narrow slit • gap; space; opening; crack (Classifier: 道 m)
|to strain out; to filter
|
|
|to sew
|filter, strain
|縫 • (bong) · 縫 • (bong) (hangeul 봉, revised bong, McCune–Reischauer pong, Yale pong)
|濾 • (ryeo>yeo) · 濾 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phùng
|Hán-Nôm : lự
|
|
|縫
|濾
|-
|-
|縱
|瀆
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsloŋ, *ʔsloŋs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsloŋ, *ʔsloŋs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsloŋ, *ʔsloŋs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsloŋ, *ʔsloŋs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiòng • Middle-Chinese : tsjowngH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiong • Middle-Chinese : tsjowng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshióng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥˊ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : duk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍k • Middle-Chinese : duwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau⁶
|(literary) loose; relaxed • (literary) to shoot an arrow • (literary) to send out; to deliver • to let go; to release; to set free • to let loose • to jump up; to jump over • (dialectal, including Cantonese, Hainanese, Leizhou Mina, Liuzhou Mandarin, Loudi Xiang) to spoil; to pamper • even if; even though • a surname ‖ of the north-south direction; vertical • longitudinal; lengthwise • (historical) Short for 合縱／合纵 (hézòng, “to ally with”). • (military) Short for 縱隊／纵队 (zòngduì, “column corps”). • Alternative form of 蹤／踪 (zōng, “trace”) ‖ Used in 縱縱／纵纵 (zǒngzǒng, “hurried; numerous”). • Used in 縱臾／纵臾 (zǒngyǒng, “to encourage”). ‖ (obsolete, of hair worn in a bun) big and tall
|(literary) ditch; sluice; gutter; drain • (literary) great river; large river • (literary) to show disrespect or contempt, to be rude to, to annoy, to profane ‖ Alternative form of 竇／窦 (dòu, “opening; hole”)
|
|
|ditch • sluice • gutter, drain • blaspheme, pollute
|瀆 (eum 독 (dok))
|ditch • pollute
|Hán-Nôm : độc
|
|
|縱 (eum 종 (jong)) · 縱 (eum 총 (chong))
|瀆
|
|-
|Hán-Nôm : túng • Hán-Nôm : tung
|瀉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sjaːʔ, *sjaːɡs) : semantic 水 + phonetic 寫 (OC *sjaːʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sià • Middle-Chinese : sjaeX • Middle-Chinese : sjaeH
|to pour out; to flow rapidly; to pour down • to leak; to drain off • to have loose bowels; to have diarrhea • to plummet • (Hakka) to break; to smash
| ‖
|evacuation ‖
|瀉 (eum 사 (sa))
|drain off, leak • flow, pour down
|Hán-Nôm : tả • Hán-Nôm : dã • Hán-Nôm : tã
|
|
|縱
|瀉
|-
|-
|總
|瀋
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsloːŋʔ) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 悤 ().
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰjɯmʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 審 (OC *hljɯmʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsáng • Middle-Chinese : tsuwngX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sím • Middle-Chinese : tsyhimX
|to collect • overall; altogether • always • Used as a suffix after a person's surname in nicknames for people being leader of a company, usually for males.
|(obsolete) liquid; juice • to pour • Short for 瀋陽／沈阳 (Shěnyáng).
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 総 (general, overall, total)
|總 • (chong) · 總 • (chong) (hangeul 총, revised chong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong, Yale chong)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tổng • Hán-Nôm : tông ‖ romanization : tổng
|瀋 • (sim) · 瀋 • (sim) (hangeul 심, revised sim, McCune–Reischauer sim, Yale sim)
| ‖ chữ Hán form of tổng (“general; overall; comprehensive”).
|總
|-
|繕
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡjens) : semantic 糸 (“thread; textile”) + phonetic 善 (OC *ɡjenʔ, “good”). Also Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : to repair; to make good. \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *glan (“to repair”), cognate to Tibetan གླན་པ (glan pa, “to patch; to mend”) and related forms (Gong 1995; STEDT).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dzyenH
|to repair; to mend • to copy neatly; to transcribe • to prepare; to renovate • to keep; to maintain • firm; resolute
|
|
|darning • repair
|Hán-Nôm : thẩm • Hán-Nôm : thẳm • Hán-Nôm : thấm • Hán-Nôm : thẫm • Hán-Nôm : thỏm • Hán-Nôm : thủm • Hán-Nôm : trầm
|繕 • (seon) · 繕 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen)
|
|
|canonical : 繕: Hán Việt readings: thiện
|瀋
|chữ Hán form of thiện (“repair, transcribe neatly”).
|繕
|-
|-
|繫
|瀏
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keːɡs, *ɡeːɡs) : phonetic 毄 () + semantic 糸 (“thread”) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keːɡs, *ɡeːɡs) : phonetic 毄 () + semantic 糸 (“thread”)
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·ru, *m·ruʔ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 劉 (OC *m·ru). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·ru, *m·ruʔ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 劉 (OC *m·ru).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : kejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hē • Middle-Chinese : hejH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liû • Middle-Chinese : ljuw • Middle-Chinese : ljuwX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡ
|to tie, to fasten, to button up ‖ to connect; to link • to arrest; to imprison • to be concerned about
|^† (of water) clear; deep ‖ Alternative form of 溜 (“to sneak off”)
|
|
|attach • connect • unite • fasten
|clear
|繫 (eumhun 맬 계 (mael gye))
|瀏 • (ryu>yu) · 瀏 • (ryu>yu) (hangeul 류>유, revised ryu>yu, McCune–Reischauer ryu>yu, Yale lyu>yu)
|hanja form of 경 (“bind, connect”)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lưu
|
|
|繫
|瀏
|-
|-
|繭
|瀕
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 糸 (“silk”) + 虫 (“insect”) + abbreviated 黹 (“needlework”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pin, *bin) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 頻 (OC *bin).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kán • Middle-Chinese : kenX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin
|cocoon • callus
|water's edge; waterside • to be close to; to border on • approach; near; be on verge of
| ‖ 繭(まゆ) • (mayu)
|a cocoon ‖ (entomology) a cocoon
|繭 • (gyeon) · 繭 • (gyeon) (hangeul 견, revised gyeon, McCune–Reischauer kyŏn, Yale kyen)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : kiển • Hán-Nôm : kén • Hán-Nôm : kiền
|
|
|繭
|瀕 (eum 빈 (bin))
|-
|繼
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keːɡs) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 㡭 (). \ The original form may have depicted four 幺 (“silk”). \ According to Schuessler 2007, originally the same word as 係 (OC *keːɡs).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kè • Middle-Chinese : kejH
|to continue; to maintain; to carry on; to follow • to inherit and carry on; to succeed • follow-up; ensuing; following • immediately afterward; right afterward; soon after • a surname: Ji
|
|
|acquire by birthright • follow in someone's footsteps or position • (clothes) patch • (be) grafted into a tree
|Hán-Nôm : tần
|繼 (eumhun 이을 계 (ieul gye))
|hanja form of 계 (“continue, persist”) • hanja form of 계 (“inherit”)
|Hán-Nôm : kế
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|
|繼
|瀕
|-
|-
|續
|瀚
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljoɡs, *ljoɡ) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːns) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 翰 (OC *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍k • Middle-Chinese : zjowk
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hān • Middle-Chinese : hanH
|to continue; to carry on; to succeed • (colloquial) to add • (Cantonese) to extend; to renew • a surname: Xu
|vast; wide; extensive
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|
|continuation • sequel • series • carry on • succeed
|續 (eumhun 이을 속 (ieul sok))
|hanja form of 속 (“continuation”)
|Hán-Nôm : tục
|
|
|續
|瀚 • (han) · 瀚 • (han) (hangeul 한, revised han, McCune–Reischauer han, Yale han)
|
|Hán-Nôm : hãn • Hán-Nôm : hạn
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|瀚
|-
|-
|缶
|瀛
|Pictogram (象形) – a pot with a lid.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *leŋ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 嬴 (OC *leŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóo • Middle-Chinese : pjuwX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng • Middle-Chinese : yeng
|earthen pot or jar for storing an alcoholic drink • musical instrument for ritual music
|(archaic, or in compounds) ocean; sea • (obsolete) marsh • a surname
| ‖ 缶(かん) • (kan) ^(←くわん (kwan)?) ‖ 缶(かん) • (-kan) ^(←くわん (kwan)?)
|
|pot; can • tin can • container • jar radical (no. 121) ‖ a can, a tin ‖ counter for canned goods
|缶 • (bu) · 缶 • (bu) (hangeul 부, revised bu, McCune–Reischauer pu, Yale pu)
|an earthern vessel that bulges in the middle and has a narrow mouth • refers to one of many types of the double-headed drums with a narrow waist in the middle • 洋甁, a glazed pot bulging in the middle with a narrow mouth • volume, capacity (=4斛) • rad. 121
|Hán-Nôm : phẫu • Hán-Nôm : phễu • Hán-Nôm : quán • Hán-Nôm : phữu
|
|
|缶
|瀛 (eum 영 (yeong))
|sea
|Hán-Nôm : doanh
|
|瀛
|-
|-
|缸
|瀝
| ‖ Cognate with Hokkien 矸 (kan, “bottle”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 歷 (OC *reːɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 歷 (OC *reːɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 歷 (OC *reːɡ).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gong¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kng • Middle-Chinese : haewng ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lik⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Middle-Chinese : lek ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lik¹ • Middle-Chinese : lek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lek⁶ • Middle-Chinese : lek
|vat; crock; jar (usually with a large opening and small bottom, made of clay, porcelain, enamel, glass, etc.) (Classifier: 口 m) • pot-shaped vessel • compound of sand, clay, etc. for making earthenware ‖ (Teochew) jar; vase
|to drip; to trickle • drop; drip • sediment of wine; dregs ‖ Used in 瀝源／沥源 (“Lek Yuen, Hong Kong”). ‖ Used in 大瀝／大沥 (Dàlì, “Dali, Guangdong”).
|
|
|dropping
|瀝 • (ryeok>yeok) · 瀝 • (ryeok>yeok) (hangeul 력>역, revised ryeok>yeok, McCune–Reischauer ryŏk>yŏk, Yale lyek>yek)
|
|
|缸 • (hang) · 缸 • (hang) (hangeul 항)
|Hán-Nôm : lạch
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hang • Hán-Nôm : cong • Hán-Nôm : hồng
|瀝
|
|缸
|-
|-
|罐
|瀟
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːns) : semantic 缶 (“pottery”) + phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɯːw) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 蕭 (OC *sɯːw).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gun³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuàn • Middle-Chinese : kwanH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siau
|can; jar; tin; cylindrical container for holding objects or liquids or cooking • Classifier for canned items. • coal tub • (dialectal) bottle • (dialectal) Classifier for bottled items.
|(of water) deep and clear • (～水) Xiao River (a river in Hunan, China)
|
|
|
|
|罐 • (gwan) · 罐 • (gwan) (hangeul 관, revised gwan, McCune–Reischauer kwan, Yale kwan)
|瀟 (eum 소 (so))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : quán
|Hán-Nôm : tiêu
|
|
|罐
|瀟
|-
|-
|罔
|瀨
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mlaŋʔ) : semantic 网 (“net”) + phonetic 亡 (OC *maŋ). \ ;“not have; not”
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːds) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 賴 (OC *raːds). \ As this word appeared in texts about ancient Eastern Yue (now Min) area and Chen Zan remarked that it was a Wu-Yue word, Schuessler (2007) speculates that it has Austroasiatic origin, comparing it to Wa-Lawa-Bulang *rah "rapids, waterfall" & Old Khmer rat (“to move swiftly, to run”), possibly derived from a root meaning "swift". Proto-Min *l̥aiꟲ is identical to Proto-Tai *hla:iᴮ¹. \ Possibly unrelated to 濿 (OC *m·rads) "a ford". ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mong⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bóng • Middle-Chinese : mjangX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nāi • Middle-Chinese : lajH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : laai⁶ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : luah
|Alternative form of 網／网 • (literary) to not have • (literary) not • (literary) to deceive; to hide (truth) from • (archaic) to falsely accuse; to wrong (someone); to slander • (Eastern Min, with verbs and adjectives) the more... the more • (Eastern Min, with verbs) while (usually used as a pair: doing X while doing Y • (Eastern Min) although
|rapids; swift current ‖ (Cantonese) to pass (urine or feces) involuntarily ‖ (Zhangzhou Hokkien) area with torrential waters steeply falling onto the riverbed
|
|
|swift current • rapids
|瀨 (eumhun 여울 뢰 (yeoul roe), word-initial (South Korea) 여울 뇌 (yeoul noe))
|hanja form of 뢰/뇌 (“rapids”)
|
|
|罔 (eumhun 그물 망 (geumul mang))
|hanja form of 망 (“net”) • hanja form of 망 (“deceive”) • hanja form of 망 (“libel”) • hanja form of 망 (“negative”)
|Hán-Nôm : vóng • Hán-Nôm : vọng • Hán-Nôm : võng
|
|
|罔
|瀨
|-
|-
|罕
|瀰
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːnʔ, *qʰaːns) : semantic 网 (“net”) + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn)
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hon² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huánn • Middle-Chinese : xanX • Middle-Chinese : xanH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Middle-Chinese : mjie • Middle-Chinese : mjieX • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊ • Middle-Chinese : nejX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Middle-Chinese : mjie • Middle-Chinese : mjieX • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊ • Middle-Chinese : nejX
|^† net with a long handle used for catching birds • rare; scarce • rarely; seldom • ^† flag; banner • a surname
|(of water) full; overflowing; deep; expansive • (alt. form 彌／弥) full ‖ (obsolete) flow
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|
|
|
|罕 • (han) · 罕 • (han) (hangeul 한, revised han, McCune–Reischauer han, Yale han)
|瀰 (eum 미 (mi))
|rare, elusive
|Hán-Nôm : hãn • Hán-Nôm : hắn • Hán-Nôm : hẳn
|
|
|罕
|Hán-Nôm : di
|full
|瀰
|-
|-
|罩
|瀾
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rteːwɢs) : semantic 罒 + phonetic 卓 (OC *rteːwɢ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːns) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 闌 (OC *ɡ·raːn). \ 浪 (làng, “wave”) may be a colloquial variant. Phonetically too distant to be related to Thai คลื่น (klʉ̂ʉn, “wave”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖  ‖ A dialectal variant of 涎 (OC *ljan, “saliva”) in the South (Schuessler, 2007; Xu and Iwata, 2014).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tauh • Middle-Chinese : traewH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lân • Middle-Chinese : lan ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǎn • Middle-Chinese : lanH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuǎ
|to cover; to wrap • cover; shade; hood • basket for catching fish • to surpass
|wave; billow • ripple • to surge; to swell • ^† Alternative form of 灡／𬉠 (lán, “water from washed rice”) ‖ Used in 瀾漫／澜漫 and 瀾汗／澜汗. ‖ (chiefly Hakka, Min, Southern Wu) saliva
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|
|large waves
|瀾 (eumhun 물결 란 (mulgyeol ran), word-initial (South Korea) 물결 난 (mulgyeol nan))
|hanja form of 란/난 (“wave”)
|Hán-Nôm : lan
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|
|瀾
|-
|灑
| ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sèe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sè • Middle-Chinese : sreaX • Middle-Chinese : sraeX • Middle-Chinese : srjeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˇ • Middle-Chinese : srjeX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕ • Middle-Chinese : srjeX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ
|to sprinkle; to splash • to scatter; to throw • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 洗 • Alternative form of 蓰 ‖ Alternative form of 釃／酾 • Used in 離灑／离洒. ‖ cold • terrified ‖ Only used in 淋灑／淋洒.
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|
|pour • sprinkle • wash • purify • be clean/refreshed
|灑 • (sae, swae) · 灑 • (sae, swae) (hangeul 새, 쇄, revised sae, swae, McCune–Reischauer sae, swae, Yale say, sway)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : chau • Hán-Nôm : tráo • Hán-Nôm : trạo • Hán-Nôm : trạu • Hán-Nôm : trậu • Hán-Nôm : trụa • Hán-Nôm : trũa • Hán-Nôm : trõa • Hán-Nôm : troã • Hán-Nôm : tròa • Hán-Nôm : troà • Hán-Nôm : tróa • Hán-Nôm : troá
|Hán-Nôm : sái • Hán-Nôm : rợi • Hán-Nôm : tẩy • Hán-Nôm : thối
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|
|罩
|灑
|-
|-
|罵
|灘
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mraːʔ, *mraːs) : semantic 网 + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns, *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 難 (OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns). ‖  ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mēe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mī • Middle-Chinese : maeX • Middle-Chinese : maeH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : than • Middle-Chinese : than ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : xanX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : nanH
|to chide; to blame • to curse; to swear • to scold
|shoal • beach • Classifier for liquid or paste spread over a surface: pool; puddle ‖  ‖
| ‖ 罵(ば) • (ba)
| ‖ 灘(なだ) • (nada)
| ‖ abuse; insult
| ‖ area of a sea or an ocean with strong winds or surging waves; rough sea
|罵 (eumhun 꾸짖을 매 (kkujijeul mae))
|灘 (eumhun 여울 탄 (yeoul tan))
|hanja form of 매 (“to scold”)
|hanja form of 탄 (“shoal”)
|Hán-Nôm : mạ • Hán-Nôm : mắng • Hán-Nôm : mà • Hán-Nôm : mựa
|Hán-Nôm : than
|
|
|罵
|灘
|-
|-
|羔
|灣
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 羊 (“caprid”) + 灬 (“fire”) – a lamb being cooked on a fire. The definition may have come from animals like lambs being apt for cooking and eating. \ According to the Shuowen Jiezi, phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kluː) : semantic 羊 + abbreviated phonetic 照 (OC *tjews).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qroːn) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 彎 (OC *qroːn) – a type of water. \ Cognate with 彎 (OC *qroːn, “bend; curve”) (Wang, 1982).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Middle-Chinese : kaw
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uân • Middle-Chinese : 'waen
|lamb • young animal • young
|(geography) bend in a river • (geography) bay; gulf • (regional, nautical) to berth; to anchor; to moor • a surname
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|
|Kyūjitai form of 湾
|灣 (eumhun 물굽이 만 (mulgubi man))
|hanja form of 만 (“(geography) bay; gulf”) [noun]
|Hán-Nôm : loan • Hán-Nôm : loáng • Hán-Nôm : loãng • Hán-Nôm : vịnh
|bay, gulf
|灣
|-
|灯
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| ‖ 灯(とう) • (tō) ‖ 灯(とう) • (-tō) ‖ 灯(とう) • (-tō) ‖ 灯(とう) • (tō) ‖ 灯(ともし) • (tomoshi) ‖ 灯(ともしび) • (tomoshibi) ‖ 灯(とぼし) • (toboshi) ‖ 灯(とぼし) • (Toboshi) ‖ 灯(とぼしび) • (toboshibi) ‖ 灯(あかし) • (akashi) ‖ 灯(ひ) • (hi)
| ‖ a light, lamp ‖ counter for 電灯 (dentō, “electric lights”) ‖ electric light ‖ light, lamp • (by extension) Buddhist teaching ‖ a light • Alternative spelling of 照射 (tomoshi): a torch used to bait deer when night hunting ‖ a light • a lit flame (such as of a candle or torch) • (historical, obsolete) under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system of the Heian period, a kind of scholarship granted to university students ‖ (archaic) an indoor torch • (archaic) Alternative form of 灯 (tomoshi) ‖ a placename ‖ (archaic) Alternative form of 灯 (tomoshibi) ‖ a light, lamp • (Shinto, Buddhism) a light (or lighted lamp) offered to a kami or buddha ‖ a light, lamp
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|
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|羔
|-
|羚
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Middle-Chinese : leng
|antelope; gazelle • goral; serow • ^‡ lamb; young sheep
|
|
|antelope • serow
|灯
|羚 • (ryeong>yeong) · 羚 • (ryeong>yeong) (hangeul 령>영, revised ryeong>yeong, McCune–Reischauer ryŏng>yŏng, Yale lyeng>yeng)
|-
|炉
|
|
|canonical : 羚: Hán Việt readings: linh
|
|
|羚
|-
|羨
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 羊 (“sheep”) + 㳄 (“saliva”) – to envy. \ 羊 may be interpreted as a beautiful sheep or good mutton (cf. 美 “beautiful” and 善 “good”). \ The Kangxi Dictionary, following 《佩觿》, enters the word in etymology 2 as 羡, separating it from 羨 (etymology 1). This is also followed by dictionaries such as Hanyu Da Cidian and Dai Kan-Wa Jiten, but Zhongwen Da Cidian disagrees with this treatment. (Hanyu Da Zidian regards 羡 as the main form of all pronunciations.) According to 《說文解字羣經正字》: \ 羨，貪欲也，今經典往往作羡。郭忠恕《佩觿》分羨、羡爲二字。羡，以脂翻，江夏地名；羨，似面翻，慕也。非也，字書無从次之字，惟一字而數音耳。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]羡，贪欲也，今经典往往作羡。郭忠恕《佩觿》分羡、羡为二字。羡，以脂翻，江夏地名；羡，似面翻，慕也。非也，字书无从次之字，惟一字而数音耳。 [Classical Chinese, simp.] \ From: 《說文解字羣經正字》, quoted from Zhongwen Da Cidian \ 羨 (Xiàn), tānyù yě, jīn jīngdiǎn wǎngwǎng zuò 羡. Guō Zhōngshù “Pèixī” fēn 羨 (xiàn), 羡 (yí) wéi èr zì. Yí, yǐ zhī fān, Jiāngxià dìmíng; xiàn, sì miàn fān, mù yě. Fēi yě, zìshū wú cóng 次 (cì) zhī zì, wéi yī zì ér shù yīn ěr. [Pinyin] \ 羨, meaning "to covet", is now frequently written as 羡 in the classics. Guo Zhongshu's Peixi distinguishes 羨 and 羡 as separate characters. 羡, fanqie 以脂, name of a place in Jiangxia. 羨, fanqie 似面, to desire. This is not the case. There's no such character with the 次 element in character dictionaries. There is only one character but several pronunciations. \ Possibly related to 餘 (OC *la, “surplus”) (Wang, 1982). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siǎn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suan • Middle-Chinese : zjenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Middle-Chinese : yij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : yenH
|to envy; to admire • (literary) surplus • (literary) to exceed • (obsolete) crooked; evil • 10th tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝌏) • a surname ‖ Only used in 沙羨／沙羡 (“Shayi (county)”). ‖ Alternative form of 延 (yán, “to invite; to engage”) • Alternative form of 埏 (“tomb passage”)
|
|
| ‖ 炉(ろ) • (ro)
| ‖ furnace, kiln
|炉 • (ro>no) · 炉 • (ro>no) (hangeul 로>노)
|
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|羨 (eumhun 부러워할 선 (bureowohal seon)) ‖ 羨 (eumhun 무덤길 연 (mudeomgil yeon))
|hanja form of 선 (“envy; envious”) ‖ hanja form of 연 (“road to a grave”)
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|羨
|炉
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|-
|羹
|炙
| ‖  
| ‖  ‖  ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kenn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Middle-Chinese : kaeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : long⁴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsià • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Middle-Chinese : tsyaeH • Middle-Chinese : tsyek ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsia̍h ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuànn ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsioh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiò
|thick soup; broth • vegetable soup • soups in general • (Cantonese) spoon (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • (Cantonese) Classifier for amounts of substance in a spoon. ‖ Only used in 不羹.
|to roast; to broil; to toast; to cauterize • roast meat ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 炸 (chia̍h) ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 煎 (chòaⁿ) ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 焟 (chioh)
| ‖ 羹(かん) • (kan) ‖ 羹(あつもの) • (atsumono)
| ‖ broth of fish and vegetables ‖ broth of fish and vegetables
|羹 • (gaeng) · 羹 • (gaeng) (hangeul 갱, revised gaeng, McCune–Reischauer kaeng, Yale kayng)
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|Hán-Nôm : canh
|roast • broil • toast • cauterize
|炙 (eumhun 구울 자 (guul ja)) ‖ 炙 (eumhun 구울 적 (guul jeok))
|hanja form of 자 (“to roast; to broil”) ‖ hanja form of 적 (“jeok (a Korean meat dish)”)
|Hán-Nôm : chá • Hán-Nôm : chả • Hán-Nôm : chích
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|羹
|炙
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|-
|翅
|炯
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰjes) : phonetic 支 (OC *kje) + semantic 羽 (“feathers”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sì • Middle-Chinese : syeH
|wing • fin
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|insect's wing
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwing² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Middle-Chinese : hwengX • Middle-Chinese : kwengX
|翅 • (si) · 翅 • (si) (hangeul 시)
|bright; brilliant • clear; obvious • (literary) flame; blaze
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|light • clear
|炯 (eum 형 (hyeong))
|Shining bright
|canonical : 炯: Hán Việt readings: quýnh • canonical : quỷnh • canonical : huỳnh
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|炯
|-
|炳
|Unger (1986) reconstructs Old Chinese pronunciation as *pl(j)aŋʔ and considers this item part of a word family under 陽 (OC *laŋ) and related to Thai ปลั่ง (bplàng, “bright”); alternatively, Schuessler (2007) reconstructs OC *br(j)aŋʔ and includes this in an Austroasiatic word family under 亮 (OC *raŋs). See there for more.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : píng • Middle-Chinese : pjaengX
|bright; luminous • to shine • notable; remarkable; outstanding; prominent; marked; striking; distinctive • to ignite; to set on fire; to light; to kindle
| ‖ 炳(へい) • (hei) ^†-tari (adnominal 炳(へい)とした (hei to shita) or 炳(へい)たる (hei taru), adverbial 炳(へい)と (hei to) or 炳(へい)として (hei to shite))
|clear & bright ‖ bright, shining, • clear to the eye
|炳 • (byeong) · 炳 • (byeong) (hangeul 병, revised byeong, McCune–Reischauer pyŏng, Yale pyeng)
|bright, luminous • glorious
|Hán-Nôm : bình • Hán-Nôm : bính • Hán-Nôm : bỉnh • Hán-Nôm : bảnh • Hán-Nôm : bãnh
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|翅
|炳
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|-
|翌
|点
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lɯɡ) : phonetic 羽 (OC *ɢʷaʔ, *ɢʷas) + semantic 昱
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Middle-Chinese : yik
|(literary) next • (literary) bright; clear • (literary) Alternative form of 翼 (yì, “wing”) • (literary) to assist (now usually written as 翊)
| ‖ 翌(よく) • (yoku-)
|next ‖ next; following
|翌 (eumhun 다음날 익 (da'eumnal ik))
|hanja form of 익 (“the next day”)
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|翌
| ‖ 点(てん) • (-ten) ‖ 点(てん) • (ten)
|-
| ‖ items or goods ‖ spot, dot • score, grade, mark(s) • point
|翔
|点 (eum 점 (jeom))
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljaŋ) : phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ) + semantic 羽 (“feathers”) \ Iterative of 徉 (OC *laŋ) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ After a netizen on Tieba named 軍神李翔／军神李翔 (Jūnshén Lǐ Xiáng, “Li Xiang the God of War”). In 2011, he argued with other netizens for many days, and the argument finally ended with his comment 我他媽就是一坨屎／我他妈就是一坨屎 (“I'm a fucking pile of shit”).
|Alternative form of 點 (“hanja form of 점 (“point; dot; spot; speck”)”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siâng • Middle-Chinese : zjang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˊ
|to fly; to soar ‖ (Mainland China, neologism, Internet slang) shit
| ‖ 翔(しょう) • (Shō)
|soar ‖ a male given name
|翔 (eumhun 날 상 (nal sang))
|hanja form of 상 (“soar”)
|Hán-Nôm : tường
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|翔
|-
|翠
|From 淬 (OC *sʰuːds, “to dip into liquid, to plunge, to temper, to dye, etc.”), as kingfishers dive underwater to catch fish (Schuessler, 2007). \ The "blue-green, cyan" > "bright" senses are because of the kingfishers' plumages.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuì • Middle-Chinese : tshwijH
|kingfisher, especially a cyan or blue one • kingfisher feathers • green jade; jadeite • blue-green; cyan • bright; distinct
| ‖  ‖ 翠(みどり) • (Midori)
|green ‖  ‖ a female given name
|翠 • (chwi) · 翠 • (chwi) (hangeul 취, revised chwi, McCune–Reischauer ch'wi, Yale chwi)
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|canonical : 翠: Hán Việt readings: thúy • canonical : thuý
|点
|chữ Hán form of Thuý (“female given name”).
|翠
|-
|-
|翩
|烊
|Originally an alternative form (異體字／异体字 (yìtǐzì)) of 煬／炀 (yáng). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋ) : semantic 火 (“flame”) + phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ). ‖ Originally an alternative form (異體字／异体字 (yìtǐzì)) of 煬／炀 (yáng). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋ) : semantic 火 (“flame”) + phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iûnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iônn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâng • Middle-Chinese : yang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁴⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iāng
|to smelt • to melt ‖ Only used in 打烊 (dǎyàng).
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phian • Middle-Chinese : phjien
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|烊 • (yang) · 烊 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang)
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|canonical : 烊: Hán Việt readings: rang
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|翩 (eum 편 (pyeon))
|烊
|-
|烽
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰoŋ) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 夆 (OC *pʰoŋ, *boŋ, *ɡaːds).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Middle-Chinese : phjowng
|signal fire • the tower where such a signal fire is lit
| ‖
|signal fire, beacon ‖
|烽 • (bong) · 烽 • (bong) (hangeul 봉, revised bong, McCune–Reischauer pong, Yale pong)
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|
|canonical : 烽: Hán Việt readings: phong
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|烽
|翩
|-
|-
|翰
|焙
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns) : phonetic 倝 (OC *kaːns) + semantic 羽 (“feather”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːs) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 咅 (OC *pʰɯʔ, *pʰl'oːs)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hān • Middle-Chinese : han • Middle-Chinese : hanH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bui⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pēr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē
|golden pheasant • to fly high • long and hard feather • (literary, or in compounds) writing brush • (literary, or in compounds) writing; literary work • (literary or polite) letter of correspondence • (literary) literary talent • white horse
|to bake; to torrefy; to heat over a slow fire
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|翰 • (han) · 翰 • (han) (hangeul 한, revised han, McCune–Reischauer han, Yale han)
|焙 • (bae) · 焙 • (bae) (hangeul 배, revised bae, McCune–Reischauer pae, Yale pay)
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|Hán-Nôm : hàn
|canonical : 焙: Hán Việt readings: bồi
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|翰
|焙
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|-
|耀
|煉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lewɢs) : semantic 光 (“light; beam; ray”) + phonetic 翟 (OC *r'aːwɢ, *l'eːwɢ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·reːns) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 柬 (OC *kreːnʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iāu • Middle-Chinese : yewH
|to shine; to sparkle • to dazzle; to show off; to make a display of; to flaunt • rays of light; radiance • glorious • a surname • (Eastern Min) Alternative form of 邵 (siêu, “praise, appreciate, brag, admire”)
| ‖ 耀(よう) • (yō) ^(←えう (eu)?)
|shine • sparkle • gleam • twinkle ‖ shine, sparkle, gleam, twinkle
|耀 • (yo) · 耀 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
|shine, sparkle • dazzle • glory
|Hán-Nôm : diệu
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|耀
|-
|耍
|From 傻 (MC srwaeX, “foolish”) (Zhengzhang, 2003). ‖ Possibly from 賞 (OC *hjaŋʔ, “to enjoy”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄚˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suá ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : sńg
|to play; to frolic; to amuse oneself • to make a fool of; to play tricks on • to perform; to play with; to fiddle with; to flourish • to brandish; to wield; to wave; to wield • to show off; to display; to act; to trick; to fool • (colloquial) to gamble • (Cantonese) Short for 耍太極／耍太极. • a surname ‖ (Southern Min) to play
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|refine metals • kneading over fire
|煉 • (ryeon>yeon) · 煉 • (ryeon>yeon) (hangeul 련>연, revised ryeon>yeon, McCune–Reischauer ryŏn>yŏn, Yale lyen>yen)
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|Hán-Nôm : luyện • Hán-Nôm : rịn
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|Hán-Nôm : hỏa • Hán-Nôm : hoả • Hán-Nôm : vũ • Hán-Nôm : võ
|煉
|-
|煜
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|耍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jap⁶ • Middle-Chinese : yuwk • Middle-Chinese : hip
|-
|brilliant; glorious
|耘
|Related to Tibetan ཡུར་མ (yur ma, “weeding”), Kurtöp [script needed] (wer, “to weed”) (Schuessler, 2007, 2024).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : în • Middle-Chinese : hjun
|to weed
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|weed
|耘 • (un) · 耘 • (un) (hangeul 운, revised un, McCune–Reischauer un, Yale wun)
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|煜 • (uk, eup) · 煜 • (uk, eup) (hangeul 욱, 읍, revised uk, eup, McCune–Reischauer uk, ŭp, Yale wuk, up)
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|canonical : 煜: Hán Việt readings: dục
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|耘
|煜
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|-
|耙
|煥
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *braːs) : semantic 耒 (“plow”) + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *braːs) : semantic 耒 (“plow”) + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː)
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷaːns) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 奐 (OC *qʰʷaːns).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pēe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pêe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huān • Middle-Chinese : xwanH
|harrow • to draw a harrow over (a field); to harrow ‖ rake • to make smooth with a rake; to rake
|flare; blaze • glowing; shining; lustrous; brilliant • to radiate • a surname
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|shine
|煥 • (hwan) · 煥 • (hwan) (hangeul 환, revised hwan, McCune–Reischauer hwan, Yale hwan)
|shining, brilliant • lustrous
|canonical : 煥: Hán Việt readings: hoán
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|
|耙 (eumhun 써레 파 (sseore pa))
|煥
|hanja form of 파 (“harrow; rake”)
|canonical : 耙: Hán Việt readings: bá • canonical : bà • canonical : bả 耙: Nôm readings: bừa • canonical : bá • canonical : bồ
|Nôm form of bừa (“harrow; rake”).
|耙
|-
|-
|耶
|煦
|Corruption of 邪 (OC *ljaː, *laː). \ ; question particle ‖  ‖ Possibly influenced by English yeah. Same as 吔 (yē).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : je⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâ • Middle-Chinese : yae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : je⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâ • Middle-Chinese : yae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˋ
|Alternative form of 爺／爷 (yé, “father”) • Particle indicating a questioning tone. ‖ Used in transcription. ‖ yeah; hurray (interjection expressing joy) • (chiefly Internet slang) particle expressing joy or surprise
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|
|interrogative particle • used phonetically
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ù • Middle-Chinese : xjuX • Middle-Chinese : xjuH
|耶 • (ya) · 耶 • (ya) (hangeul 야, revised ya, McCune–Reischauer ya, Yale ya)
|warm • kind; gentle; gracious; genial
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|
|Hán-Nôm : da • Hán-Nôm : gia
|warm
|煦 • (hu) · 煦 • (hu) (hangeul 후, revised hu, McCune–Reischauer hu, Yale hwu)
|kind, gentle • gracious • genial
|canonical : 煦: Hán Việt readings: hú
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|耶
|煦
|-
|-
|耽
|煬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋ, *laŋs) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 昜 (OC *laŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋ, *laŋs) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 昜 (OC *laŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁴ • Middle-Chinese : yang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶ • Middle-Chinese : yangH
|to melt; to smelt (metal) ‖ to bake; to roast • to warm oneself by the fire • hot
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tam • Middle-Chinese : tom • Middle-Chinese : tomX
|to delay; to indulge • negligent
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|
|煬 • (yang) · 煬 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang)
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|
|耽 • (tam, dam) · 耽 • (tam, dam) (hangeul 탐, 담, revised tam, dam, McCune–Reischauer t'am, tam, Yale tham, tam)
|Hán-Nôm : dương
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|
|Hán-Nôm : đam • Hán-Nôm : xẩm • Hán-Nôm : đắm
|煬
|
|耽
|-
|-
|耿
|熨
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːŋʔ) : abbreviated phonetic 烓 (OC *qʷeː, *kʰʷeːŋʔ) + semantic 耳. Alternatively phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːŋʔ) : abbreviated phonetic 聖 (OC *hljeŋs) + semantic 火.
| ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Middle-Chinese : keangX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ut • Middle-Chinese : 'jut ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wat¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'jut ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai³ • Middle-Chinese : 'jw+jH ‖
|(literary) bright; shining • (literary) honest and just; upright • uneasy; disturbed • sad; sorrowful • a surname
|to iron; to press • to be closely appressed to; to abut • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to be stained with ‖ Only used in 熨貼／熨帖／熨贴 (yùtiē). ‖ (traditional Chinese medicine) to foment ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 燙／烫 (“to iron; to press”)
|
|
|light
|flatiron • smooth out
|耿 • (gyeong) · 耿 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
|熨 (eum 위 (wi))
|bright • shining • have guts
|iron • press
|Hán-Nôm : cảnh • Hán-Nôm : kẻng • Hán-Nôm : khệnh • Hán-Nôm : kỉnh
|Hán-Nôm : úy/uý • Hán-Nôm : uất • Hán-Nôm : ủi • Hán-Nôm : uỳn • Hán-Nôm : ùn • Hán-Nôm : uỵn • Hán-Nôm : vùn • Hán-Nôm : vuỵn • Hán-Nôm : vuỹn • Hán-Nôm : ũn • Hán-Nôm : vũn
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|耿
|熨
|-
|-
|聆
|熹
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Middle-Chinese : xi
|warm, bright
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : leng
|(literary) to listen carefully • (literary) to fully understand
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|
|listening • realizing
|熹 • (hui) · 熹 • (hui) (hangeul 희)
|聆 • (ryeong>yeong) · 聆 • (ryeong>yeong) (hangeul 령>영, revised ryeong>yeong, McCune–Reischauer ryŏng>yŏng, Yale leyng>eyng)
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|
|
|
|
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|聆
|熹
|-
|-
|聊
|熾
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·rɯːw) : semantic 耳 (“ear”) + phonetic 卯 (OC *mruːʔ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjɯɡs) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 戠 (OC *tjɯɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjɯɡs) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 戠 (OC *tjɯɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Middle-Chinese : lew
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci³ • Middle-Chinese : tsyhiH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshioh
|to chat • (formal) to rely on • (literary, or in compounds) somewhat; slightly; at least • (literary, or in compounds) for the time being; tentatively
|(of fire) intense; raging • flourishing; prosperous • to burn ‖ (Hokkien) to macerate; to ret; to soak • (Xiamen Hokkien) to shine for a short while (of the sun)
|
|kindling fire or flame
|熾 (eum 치 (chi))
|
|
|slightly
|Hán-Nôm : xé • Hán-Nôm : xế • Hán-Nôm : xi • Hán-Nôm : sí • Hán-Nôm : xí
|聊 • (ryo, yo) · 聊 • (ryo, yo) (hangeul 료, 요)
|somewhat • slightly, at least
|Hán-Nôm : liêu
|
|
|聊
|熾
|-
|-
|聚
|燄
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zloʔ, *zlos) : phonetic 取 (OC *sʰloːʔ, *sʰloʔ) + semantic 乑 (“three men”).
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǔ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsī • Middle-Chinese : dzjuX • Middle-Chinese : dzjuH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁶ • Middle-Chinese : yemX
|to gather; to congregate; to assemble • to gather; to congregate; to assemble · (specifically, informal) to meet up; to hang out • (literary, or in compounds) to pile up; to heap up • (literary, or in compounds) to levy; to collect; to impose • (literary, or in compounds) to extort; to plunder; to expropriate; to fleece • (literary, or in compounds) village; hamlet • (literary) crowd; drove (of people) • (literary) savings (money set aside for the future) • (chemistry) poly- • 59th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "massing" (𝍀) • a surname: Ju
|Alternative form of 焰 (yàn, “flame”)
|
|
|
|
|聚 • (chwi) · 聚 • (chwi) (hangeul 취, revised chwi, McCune–Reischauer ch'wi, Yale chwi)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tụ • Hán-Nôm : sụ • Hán-Nôm : tọ • Hán-Nôm : xụ • Hán-Nôm : xủ
|
|
|聚
|Hán-Nôm : diễm • Hán-Nôm : diệm
|
|燄
|-
|-
|聯
|燉
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 耳 (“ear”) + 絲 (“silk”). \ According to Duan Yucai, 聯 and 連／连 are two characters for a same word, with the former used in the Zhou dynasty and the latter in the Han dynasty. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rjan (“equal; to place in a row; to align; row”); related to 連 (OC *ren) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːns, *tʰuːn, *duːn) : semantic 火 + phonetic 敦 (OC *tuːl, *doːn, *tuːn, *tuːns). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biân • Middle-Chinese : ljen
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tūn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣ • Middle-Chinese : thwon • Middle-Chinese : dwon
|to connect; to join • to associate; to ally • (literary or dialectal) to sew; to stitch • couplet
|to stew • to heat up (soup, wine, etc.) by steeping the container in hot water ‖ flaming; blazing
|
|
|Alternative form of 連
|聯 (eumhun 잇달 련 (itdal ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 잇달 연 (itdal yeon))
|hanja form of 련/연 (“connect, join”) • hanja form of 련/연 (“associate, ally”)
|Hán-Nôm : liên • Hán-Nôm : lén • Hán-Nôm : lẻn • Hán-Nôm : liền • Hán-Nôm : liễn
|
|
|聯
|燉 • (don) · 燉 • (don) (hangeul 돈, McCune–Reischauer ton, Yale ton)
|
|Hán-Nôm : đôn • Hán-Nôm : đốn • Hán-Nôm : đun • Hán-Nôm : đón • Hán-Nôm : don • Hán-Nôm : giôn
|
|燉
|-
|-
|聰
|燎
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰloːŋ) : semantic 耳 (“ear”) + phonetic 悤 ().
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rew, *rewʔ, *rews) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 尞 (). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rew, *rewʔ, *rews) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 尞 ().
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshang • Middle-Chinese : tshuwng
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Middle-Chinese : ljew • Middle-Chinese : ljewH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˇ • Middle-Chinese : ljewX
|quick at hearing • hearing; sense of hearing • intelligent; clever; bright • satoshi (bitcoin unit)
|torch • (alt. form 潦) to burn; to scald • (historical) offering involving burning wood ‖ to burn weeds • to singe; to scorch; to set on fire • (alt. form 爒) to roast
|
|
|wise, intelligent
|bonfire • burn
|聰 • (chong) · 聰 • (chong) (hangeul 총, revised chong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong, Yale chong)
|燎 • (ryo>yo) · 燎 • (ryo>yo) (hangeul 료>요, revised ryo>yo, McCune–Reischauer ryo>yo, Yale lyo>yo)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thông
|Hán-Nôm : liệu • Hán-Nôm : leo • Hán-Nôm : liêu • Hán-Nôm : riu
|
|
|聰
|燎
|-
|-
|聲
|燐
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰjeŋ) : phonetic 殸 (OC *kʰreːŋ, *kʰeːŋs) + semantic 耳 (“ear”).
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siann • Middle-Chinese : syeng
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Middle-Chinese : lin • Middle-Chinese : linH
|sound; noise; voice (Classifier: 把 c) • (literary) music • (literary) words; speech • (literary) to make a sound; to sound • reputation • news; messages • tone • to declare; to state • Classifier for sounds. • (Cantonese) Suffix used to form adjectives with onomatopoeia. • (Cantonese) Suffix used after large numerals to express the magnitude of a number. • (Cantonese, chiefly in the negative) to make a sound • (Cantonese) something that is said (Classifier: 句 c; 粒 c) • (Chinese phonetics) initial
|ignis fatuus • (chemistry) phosphorus
| ‖ 聲(こえ) • (koe) ^(←こゑ (kowe)?)
| ‖ 燐(りん) or 燐(リン) • (rin)
|voice ‖ Kyūjitai form of 声: voice
|ignis fatuus • will-o'-the-wisp • phosphorus ‖ phosphorus
|聲 (eumhun 소리 성 (sori seong))
|燐 (eum 린 (rin), word-initial (South Korea) 인 (in))
|hanja form of 성 (“voice, sound”)
|canonical : 聲: Hán Việt readings: thanh 聲: Nôm readings: thanh • canonical : thênh • canonical : thiêng • canonical : thinh • canonical : xênh
|chữ Hán form of thanh (“linguistic tone, sound, voice”). • Nôm form of thinh (“silent”). • Nôm form of thiêng (“sacred”).
|聲
|-
|聽
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, *l̥ʰeːŋs) : phonetic 𡈼 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋʔ) + semantic 耳 (“ear”) + semantic 㥁. \ Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 耳 (“ear”) + 口 (“mouth(s)”) – to listen. Compare 聖. \ This is traditionally considered to have the same origin as 聖 (OC *hljeŋs, “to hear; wise; sage”) and 聲 (OC *qʰjeŋ, “sound”). Additionally, it may be also related to 聆 (OC *reːŋ, “to hear; to listen”) (Wang, 1982). \ Outside connections unclear, although note Proto-Hlai *hliːŋ (“to hear (it said)”) from Pre-Hlai *(h)leːŋ (Norquest, 2007). \ Derivatives: \ * 廳 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, “hall, i.e. where hearings take place”) \ * 廷 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ, “palace courtyard”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, *l̥ʰeːŋs) : phonetic 𡈼 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋʔ) + semantic 耳 (“ear”) + semantic 㥁. \ Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 耳 (“ear”) + 口 (“mouth(s)”) – to listen. Compare 聖. \ This is traditionally considered to have the same origin as 聖 (OC *hljeŋs, “to hear; wise; sage”) and 聲 (OC *qʰjeŋ, “sound”). Additionally, it may be also related to 聆 (OC *reːŋ, “to hear; to listen”) (Wang, 1982). \ Outside connections unclear, although note Proto-Hlai *hliːŋ (“to hear (it said)”) from Pre-Hlai *(h)leːŋ (Norquest, 2007). \ Derivatives: \ * 廳 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, “hall, i.e. where hearings take place”) \ * 廷 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ, “palace courtyard”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, *l̥ʰeːŋs) : phonetic 𡈼 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋʔ) + semantic 耳 (“ear”) + semantic 㥁. \ Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 耳 (“ear”) + 口 (“mouth(s)”) – to listen. Compare 聖. \ This is traditionally considered to have the same origin as 聖 (OC *hljeŋs, “to hear; wise; sage”) and 聲 (OC *qʰjeŋ, “sound”). Additionally, it may be also related to 聆 (OC *reːŋ, “to hear; to listen”) (Wang, 1982). \ Outside connections unclear, although note Proto-Hlai *hliːŋ (“to hear (it said)”) from Pre-Hlai *(h)leːŋ (Norquest, 2007). \ Derivatives: \ * 廳 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, “hall, i.e. where hearings take place”) \ * 廷 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ, “palace courtyard”). ‖ From English tin. ‖ See 聽日／听日 (ting¹ jat⁶).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thing • Middle-Chinese : theng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ting³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thìng • Middle-Chinese : thengH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ting¹
|to listen; to hear; to listen to (radio, etc.) • to obey; to heed • to allow; to let • Alternative form of 廳／厅 (tīng, “hall”) • (Shanghainese, slang) a thousand of a currency denomination • (Wenzhounese) to smell • (Cantonese) to pick up the phone ‖ to handle (matters of state); to administer • to adjudicate • to allow • (Cantonese) to wait a little • (Cantonese) to wait for something inevitable to happen ‖ (mahjong) to need (one or more particular tiles) to complete a hand to win ‖ can; tin • Classifier for canned drinks. ‖ (Cantonese) tomorrow
|
|
|to listen; to hear • to allow
|canonical : 燐: Hán Việt readings: lân
|聽 (eumhun 들을 청 (deureul cheong))
|Hanja form of 청 (“to listen”).
|Hán-Nôm : thính • Hán-Nôm : xính
|
|
|聽
|燐
|-
|-
|肅
|燙
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𦘒 + 𣶒.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰaːŋs) : phonetic 湯 (OC *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *hljaŋ) + semantic 火. \ From 湯 (OC *l̥ʰaːŋ, “hot water”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sok • Middle-Chinese : sjuwk
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thòng
|respectful • solemn • to rectify; to tighten; to strengthen • to eliminate • a surname
|to burn; to scald; to injure (with high temperature) • to warm; to heat something up (using hot water or fire) • to perm (one's hair) • (cooking) to blanch • (Cantonese) to iron • hot (because of high temperature)
|
|
|
|
|肅 • (suk) · 肅 • (suk) (hangeul 숙, revised suk, McCune–Reischauer suk, Yale swuk)
|燙 • (tang) · 燙 • (tang) (hangeul 탕, revised tang, McCune–Reischauer t'ang, Yale thang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : túc
|Hán-Nôm : nãng • Hán-Nôm : năng • Hán-Nôm : nắng • Hán-Nôm : thãng • Hán-Nôm : thạng • Hán-Nôm : nẵng • Hán-Nôm : tãng • Hán-Nôm : tẵng • Hán-Nôm : tặng • Hán-Nôm : thẵng • Hán-Nôm : thẫng • Hán-Nôm : thậng
|
|
|肅
|燙
|-
|-
|肆
|燜
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljɯds) : semantic 镸 + phonetic 隶 (OC *lɯds). ‖
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sìr • Middle-Chinese : sijH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sìr
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : būn
|(literary, or in compounds) impudent; undisciplined • (literary, or in compounds) shop; store; stall ‖ (financial) Alternative form of 四 (“four”) (used in official documents or checks to avoid forgery)
|cook in a covered vessel • to casserole • to stew
| ‖ 肆(いちくら) or 肆(いちぐら) • (ichikura or ichigura)
|(financial, archaic) four • shop or store • selfish, self-indulgent ‖
|肆 (eum 사 (sa))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tứ
|
|
|肆
|-
|肇
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dawʔ) : phonetic 肁 (OC *dawʔ) + semantic 攵 (“hand action”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiǎu • Middle-Chinese : drjewX
|(literary) to commence; to start; to begin • (literary) to cause • Short for 肇慶／肇庆 (Zhàoqìng, “Zhaoqing”).
| ‖ 肇(はじめ) • (Hajime)
|begin, start ‖ a male given name
|肇 • (jo) · 肇 • (jo) (hangeul 조, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : muộn
|
|
|肇
|燜
|-
|-
|肋
|燦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯːɡ) : phonetic 力 (OC *rɯɡ) + semantic 肉 (“meat; body part”) ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːns) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 粲 (OC *sʰaːns) \ Same word as 粲 (OC *sʰaːns). See there for etymology.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liak • Middle-Chinese : lok ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄜ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshàn • Middle-Chinese : tshanH
|rib ‖ Only used in 肋脦 (lēte).
|vivid; illuminating • bright; lustrous
| ‖ 肋(あばら) • (abara) ‖ 肋(ばら) or 肋(バラ) • (bara)
|rib ‖ short for 肋骨 (abarabone): rib (body part) ‖ short for 肋肉 (baraniku): rib (meat, generally beef or pork)
|肋 (eumhun 갈비 륵 (galbi reuk), word-initial (South Korea) 갈비 늑 (galbi neuk))
|hanja form of 륵/늑 (“rib”)
|Hán-Nôm : lặc
|
|
|肋
|lustrous
|-
|燦 (eum 찬 (chan))
|肚
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔl'aːʔ, *l'aːʔ) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 土 (OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ). \ A post-classical word. Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l-tjwa (“mouth; beak; food; stomach”), whence Tibetan ལྟོ་བ (lto ba, “stomach; belly”) (STEDT). Compare also Proto-Tai *dwuːŋꟲ (“belly”) (whence Thai ท้อง (tɔ́ɔng)) and Proto-Kam-Sui *luŋ² (“stomach”), as Middle Chinese shangsheng corresponds to foreign -ŋ in some words (Schuessler, 2007). \ Some dialects have different pronunciations for the two senses, "abdomen; belly (of a human)" and "stomach (of an animal)", derived from two different readings in Middle Chinese that differed in the voicing of the initial consonant. \ * In Mandarin, the pronunciation for the former sense derives from the 徒古切 reading in Middle Chinese (i.e. the reading with voiced initial /d/) and the pronunciation for the latter sense derives from the 當古切 (i.e. the reading with voiceless initial /t/) reading. \ * In Min Nan, the pronunciation for the former sense derives from the 當古切 reading and the pronunciation for latter sense derives from the 徒古切 reading. \ * Cantonese uses the same pronunciation for both senses, derived from the 徒古切 reading. \ * Hakka also uses the same pronunciation for both senses, but it is instead derived from the 當古切 reading. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔl'aːʔ, *l'aːʔ) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 土 (OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ). \ A post-classical word. Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l-tjwa (“mouth; beak; food; stomach”), whence Tibetan ལྟོ་བ (lto ba, “stomach; belly”) (STEDT). Compare also Proto-Tai *dwuːŋꟲ (“belly”) (whence Thai ท้อง (tɔ́ɔng)) and Proto-Kam-Sui *luŋ² (“stomach”), as Middle Chinese shangsheng corresponds to foreign -ŋ in some words (Schuessler, 2007). \ Some dialects have different pronunciations for the two senses, "abdomen; belly (of a human)" and "stomach (of an animal)", derived from two different readings in Middle Chinese that differed in the voicing of the initial consonant. \ * In Mandarin, the pronunciation for the former sense derives from the 徒古切 reading in Middle Chinese (i.e. the reading with voiced initial /d/) and the pronunciation for the latter sense derives from the 當古切 (i.e. the reading with voiceless initial /t/) reading. \ * In Min Nan, the pronunciation for the former sense derives from the 當古切 reading and the pronunciation for latter sense derives from the 徒古切 reading. \ * Cantonese uses the same pronunciation for both senses, derived from the 徒古切 reading. \ * Hakka also uses the same pronunciation for both senses, but it is instead derived from the 當古切 reading.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǒo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo • Middle-Chinese : duX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : tuX
|belly; abdomen; bowels • bulge; protrusion • (Southern Min, Eastern Min) tripe; animal stomach (as food) • heart; mind ‖ (obsolete or Southern Min) belly; abdomen • tripe; animal stomach (as food) • (Southern Min) bulge; protrusion
| ‖ 肚(と) • (to)
| ‖ abdomen, belly
|肚 • (du) · 肚 • (du) (hangeul 두, revised du, McCune–Reischauer tu, Yale twu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đỗ
|Hán-Nôm : xán
|
|
|肚
|燦
|-
|-
|肛
|燧
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ) : semantic 肉 (“flesh; body”) + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ). \ Unclear. A relatively late word, not attested until the Middle Chinese period. \ Schuessler (2007) suggests that it may be related to Tibetan གཞང (gzhang, “anus”), but the vowels pose a problem in phonological correspondence (STEDT). \ It may be in the same family as 空 (OC *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs, “empty; hollow”) and 孔 (OC *kʰloːŋʔ, “hole”), which both are derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)uŋ (“hole; orifice”), but STEDT suggests that Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k(w)a(ŋ/k) (“waist; hips; buttocks; tail; back”) may be a better etymon. ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljuds) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 遂 (OC *ljuds).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gong¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kāng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄤ • Middle-Chinese : kaewng • Middle-Chinese : xaewng
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suī • Middle-Chinese : zwijH
|anus • (neologism, slang) to have anal sex; to anal ‖ (obsolete, rare) to be swollen
|flintstone • beacon fire; signal fire • torch
|
|
|anus • to swell
|肛 (eumhun 항문 항 (hangmun hang))
|hanja form of 항 (“anus”)
|canonical : 肛: Hán Việt readings: giang • canonical : xoang • canonical : khang • canonical : soang • canonical : cương 肛: Nôm readings: giang • canonical : dom
|chữ Hán form of giang (“anus”). • Nôm form of dom (“anus”).
|肛
|-
|肴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢraːw) : phonetic 爻 (OC *ɢraːw) + semantic ⺼ (“meat”) – meat dishes. \ Current form resembles 乂 + 有 – the lower 乂 of 爻 has moved to the side and down.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngâu • Middle-Chinese : haew
|prepared meat
| ‖ 肴(さかな) • (sakana) ‖ 肴(な) • (na)
| ‖ fish • a side dish served with alcoholic beverages: not necessarily fish, may be a vegetable or other meat • entertainment at a drinking party ‖ a side dish, be it meat or fish or greens
|肴 • (hyo) · 肴 • (hyo) (hangeul 효, revised hyo, McCune–Reischauer hyo, Yale hyo)
|
|
|燧 • (su) · 燧 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : toại
|
|
|肴
|燧
|-
|-
|胖
|燬
|Characters in the same phonetic series (半) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːns) : semantic 肉 + phonetic 半 (OC *paːns). \ According to STEDT, possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-bʷam ~ s-bʷap. ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmralʔ) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 毀 (OC *hmralʔ, *hmrals). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mej (“fire”); probably cognate with 火 (OC *qʰʷaːlʔ, “fire”) (STEDT).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bun⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phàng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun⁴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huí • Middle-Chinese : xjweX
|(of a person) fat ‖ comfortable; at ease
|blazing fire • to burn up; to burn down
| ‖ 胖(ゆたか) • (Yutaka)
|fat, plump • abundant ‖ a male given name
|胖 • (ban) · 胖 • (ban) (hangeul 반, revised ban, McCune–Reischauer pan, Yale pan)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bàn • Hán-Nôm : bỡn • Hán-Nôm : ban • Hán-Nôm : béo • Hán-Nôm : phạng • Hán-Nôm : phàng • Hán-Nôm : pháng
|blaze
|燬 (eum 훼 (hwe))
|burn down • blaze, fire
|Hán-Nôm : hủy • Hán-Nôm : huỷ
|
|
|胖
|燬
|-
|-
|胚
|燮
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sip³ • Middle-Chinese : sep
|(literary) to harmonize; to mediate • (literary) harmonious • a surname
|
|moderate • alleviate • boil over low heat
|燮 (eumhun 불꽃 섭 (bulkkot seop))
|harmonize, blend • adjust
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pui¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bui¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pher • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phi
|
|embryo • unfinished things
|燮
| ‖ 胚(はい) • (hai)
|embryo ‖ embryo
|胚 (eum 배 (bae))
|embryo
|Hán-Nôm : phôi • Hán-Nôm : phui
|embryo
|胚
|-
|-
|胰
|燴
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yij
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui⁶
|(anatomy) pancreas • (dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Hakka, Jin) soap
|to ragout; to cook; to braise • (historical) Chinese dish consisting of fish grilled to the rare stage and then thinly sliced similar to tataki
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : quái • Hán-Nôm : dõi • Hán-Nôm : dọi • Hán-Nôm : giõi • Hán-Nôm : giọi • Hán-Nôm : khoái • Hán-Nôm : rọi
|
|
|
|燴
|胰
|-
|-
|胳
|燻
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːɡ) : semantic 肉 (“flesh”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lak ~ *C-jak (“arm; hand; wing”). Sagart (1999) considers it to be a prefixed form of a root *lak, found unprefixed as 亦 (OC *ᵇlak, “armpit”) and with a loosely attached prefix as *ᵃkə-lak, preserved in some southern varieties, such as Cantonese 胳肋底 (gaak3 laak6-1 dai2), Eastern Min 胳腋下 (gó̤k-lŏ̤k-â). In the new reconstruction by Baxter and Sagart (2014), the connection to 亦 (OC *[ɢ](r)Ak) is still implied (cf. Sagart, 2007), but the comparison to the forms in the southern varieties no longer holds (Hill, 2019). Zhang, Jacques and Lai (2019) compare it with Tibetan ལག (lag, “arm”), Japhug tɯ-jaʁ (“arm”) and suggest that the comparisons are more compatible with an Old Chinese reconstruction such as *klˁak. \ Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *kâk < *klak and posits an Austroasiatic origin, comparing it to Proto-Monic *knlak (“popliteal space; armpit”), Khmer ក្លៀក (kliək, “armpit”), both from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kʔik ~ *kʔiək ~ *kʔaik (“armpit”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːɡ) : semantic 肉 (“flesh”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lak ~ *C-jak (“arm; hand; wing”). Sagart (1999) considers it to be a prefixed form of a root *lak, found unprefixed as 亦 (OC *ᵇlak, “armpit”) and with a loosely attached prefix as *ᵃkə-lak, preserved in some southern varieties, such as Cantonese 胳肋底 (gaak3 laak6-1 dai2), Eastern Min 胳腋下 (gó̤k-lŏ̤k-â). In the new reconstruction by Baxter and Sagart (2014), the connection to 亦 (OC *[ɢ](r)Ak) is still implied (cf. Sagart, 2007), but the comparison to the forms in the southern varieties no longer holds (Hill, 2019). Zhang, Jacques and Lai (2019) compare it with Tibetan ལག (lag, “arm”), Japhug tɯ-jaʁ (“arm”) and suggest that the comparisons are more compatible with an Old Chinese reconstruction such as *klˁak. \ Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *kâk < *klak and posits an Austroasiatic origin, comparing it to Proto-Monic *knlak (“popliteal space; armpit”), Khmer ក្លៀក (kliək, “armpit”), both from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kʔik ~ *kʔiək ~ *kʔaik (“armpit”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːɡ) : semantic 肉 (“flesh”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lak ~ *C-jak (“arm; hand; wing”). Sagart (1999) considers it to be a prefixed form of a root *lak, found unprefixed as 亦 (OC *ᵇlak, “armpit”) and with a loosely attached prefix as *ᵃkə-lak, preserved in some southern varieties, such as Cantonese 胳肋底 (gaak3 laak6-1 dai2), Eastern Min 胳腋下 (gó̤k-lŏ̤k-â). In the new reconstruction by Baxter and Sagart (2014), the connection to 亦 (OC *[ɢ](r)Ak) is still implied (cf. Sagart, 2007), but the comparison to the forms in the southern varieties no longer holds (Hill, 2019). Zhang, Jacques and Lai (2019) compare it with Tibetan ལག (lag, “arm”), Japhug tɯ-jaʁ (“arm”) and suggest that the comparisons are more compatible with an Old Chinese reconstruction such as *klˁak. \ Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *kâk < *klak and posits an Austroasiatic origin, comparing it to Proto-Monic *knlak (“popliteal space; armpit”), Khmer ក្លៀក (kliək, “armpit”), both from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kʔik ~ *kʔiək ~ *kʔaik (“armpit”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰun) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 熏 (OC *qʰun).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kok • Middle-Chinese : kak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaak³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaak³
|^⁜ (anatomy) armpit • ^⁜ (anatomy) arm ‖ Only used in 胳肢 (gézhi, “to tickle”). ‖ Only used in 胳肢窩／胳肢窝 (gāzhiwō).
|
|
|armpit • arms
|
|
|
|
|smoulder • fume • oxidize
|燻 • (hun) · 燻 • (hun) (hangeul 훈, revised hun, McCune–Reischauer hun, Yale hwun)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : huân • Hán-Nôm : hun
|
|
|胳
|燻
|-
|-
|胴
|爍
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰljawɢ) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 樂 (OC *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Middle-Chinese : syak ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : sinnh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sínn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok⁶
|to glisten; to glimmer • bright; brilliant; glittering • hot • to roast; to broil • Alternative form of 鑠／铄 (shuò, “to melt by heat; to fuse”) ‖ (Southern Min) to glisten; to glimmer ‖ Only used in 爆爍／爆烁.
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dung⁶ • Middle-Chinese : duwngH
|torso; trunk • (literary) large intestine
| ‖ 胴(どう) • (dō)
| ‖ body, torso, trunk
|胴 • (dong) · 胴 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune–Reischauer tong, Yale tong)
|
|
|爍 (eum 삭 (sak))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thước
|
|
|胴
|爍
|-
|-
|脆
|爛
|Originally 脃. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰods) : semantic ⺼ (“meat”) + abbreviated phonetic 絕 (OC *zod).
|Characters in the same phonetic series (柬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːns) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 闌 (OC *ɡ·raːn).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshè • Middle-Chinese : tshjwejH
|Cantonese · Jyutping : laan⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lān • Middle-Chinese : lanH
|brittle; fragile • (of food) crisp; crispy • (of voices) clear; crisp • (of speech or action) neat; quick; concise
|(of fruits, etc.) rotten; spoiled; decayed • well-cooked; soft; mushy • broken; fragmented; shattered • low-quality; poor; lousy • to rot; to decay; to decompose; to spoil • completely; thoroughly • bright; brilliant; gorgeous; magnificent • (Cantonese) to be addicted to • (Cantonese) extremely • Used in 爛漫／烂漫 (lànmàn).
|
|
|brittle • fragile • easy to beat • sentimental • susceptible
|be sore • inflamed • bleary • fester
|脆 (eumhun 연(軟)할 취 (yeonhal chwi))
|爛 • (ran>nan) · 爛 • (ran>nan) (hangeul 란>난, revised ran>nan, McCune–Reischauer ran>nan, Yale lan>nan)
|crisp • fragile, frail • brittle
|Hán-Nôm : thúy • Hán-Nôm : thuý
|
|
|脆
|Hán-Nôm : lạn • Hán-Nôm : láng • Hán-Nôm : rạn
|
|爛
|-
|-
|脖
|爨
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːd) : semantic ⺼ (“flesh”) + phonetic 孛 (OC *bɯːds, *bɯːd). \ Attested since the Yuan dynasty. Zhengzhang (2002) proposes that it comes from 襮 (OC *poːwɢ, “embroidered collar”). Sheng (2010) points out that it is unlikely because of the rare literary usage of 襮 in the literature compared to the explosive vernacular usage of 脖 since the Yuan dynasty; he instead proposes that it may be from Proto-Turkic *bōyn (“neck”), but also see Wang (2016) and Sun and Du (2022) for some difficulties with the Turkic hypothesis. ‖ Benedict (1979) relates this word to Tibetan དབུས (dbus, “middle; centre”). Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) relates this word to Proto-Monic *p[r/m]nus (“navel”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : but⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pu̍t ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but⁶ • Middle-Chinese : bwot
|neck ‖ Used in words meaning “navel”.
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuàn • Middle-Chinese : tshwanH • Middle-Chinese : tshwan
|to cook • cooker; cookstove • a surname • Short for 爨體／爨体 (“a style of calligraphy popular in 3rd-4th century AD, considered transitional in the development from clerical script to regular script”).
|
|
|脖 • (bal) · 脖 • (bal) (hangeul 발, revised bal, McCune–Reischauer pal, Yale pal)
|boil, cook
|爨 (eumhun 부뚜막 찬 (buttumak chan))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bột • Hán-Nôm : bộp
|Hán-Nôm : thoán
|
|
|脖
|爨
|-
|-
|脚
|爰
|Variant of 腳.
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 爫 (“hand, claw”) + 又 (“hand”) – the middle component has taken various forms. \ Contraction of 于時 (OC *ɢʷa djɯ) or 于是 (OC *ɢʷa djeʔ) (Smith, 2012).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hjwon
|therefore, consequently • A sentence-initial particle
|
|
|lead on to • therefore • then
|爰 • (won) · 爰 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)
|lead on to • therefore • then
|Hán-Nôm : viên • Hán-Nôm : vươn
|
|
| ‖ 脚(あし) • (ashi) ‖ 脚(きゃく) • (-kyaku) ‖ 脚(きゃく) • (-kyaku)
|爰
| ‖ Alternative spelling of 足 (“foot; leg”) ‖ counter for desks, chairs, long-stemmed glasses ‖ (martial arts) used in the names of moves that involve kicking
|-
|脚 (eumhun 다리 각 (dari gak))
|爺
|hanja form of 각 (“base; leg; foundation”) [affix]
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laː) : semantic 父 (“father”) + phonetic 耶 (OC *laː). \ Vovin and McCraw (2011) compare it to Old Turkic [script needed] (uya, “relative”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâ
|(literary, dialectal or in compounds) father • grandfather • (polite) grandpa; sir (term of address for an elderly man) • (archaic, honorific) sir (term of address for a rich or influential man) • (honorific) term of address for gods and the Buddha • (colloquial, derogatory or familiar, Northern China, male) I; me
| ‖ 爺(じい) • (jī) ^(←ぢい (dii)?) · 爺(じい) or 爺(じじ) or 爺(じゞ) or 爺(じじい) or 爺(じゞい) • (jī or jiji or jijī) ^(←ぢい (dii) or ぢぢ (didi) or ぢぢい (didii)?)
|old man • grandfather ‖ a grandfather • an old man; a geezer; a gramps
|爺 (eumhun 아비 야 (abi ya))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : gia
|chữ Hán form of gia.
|爺
|-
|爻
|Pictogram (象形) : 乂 + 乂 – 2 stacked ‘X’ marks, indicating cuts or marks. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngâu • Middle-Chinese : haew ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâu
|a figure composed of six stacked horizontal lines; a hexagram of the I Ching ‖ (Southern Min) Alternative form of 𠢕
| ‖ 爻(こう) • (kō)
| ‖
|爻 • (hyo) · 爻 • (hyo) (hangeul 효, revised hyo, McCune–Reischauer hyo, Yale hyo)
|
|
|脚
|Hán-Nôm : hào • Hán-Nôm : loài
|
|爻
|-
|-
|脣
|爾
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦljun) : phonetic 辰 (OC *djɯn) + semantic 肉 (“flesh”). \ Original meaning was apparently “edge”. Related to 漘 (OC *ɦljun, “bank of a river”), 宸 (OC *djɯn, “eave (i.e. edge of a roof)”) and 胗 (OC *kljɯnʔ, *klɯnʔ, “ulcer of the lip”) (Wang, 1982). \ Further etymology is not clear. The various theories are: \ * Schuessler (2007): Related to Lepcha ᰣᰌᰫᰯ (a-dul, “lips”) < root ᰌᰫᰯ (dul) (STEDT derives this from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ts(j)ul (“lip; beak”)). \ * Benedict (1972): Related to Tibetan མཆུ (mchu, “lips; beak of a bird”) (derived from the same Sino-Tibetan etymon in STEDT).
|Pictogram (象形) – cloth on a loom, with threads crossing – original form of 檷 (OC *niːlʔ, “loom”). Used phonetically. \ ; “you; your” \ ; "that" ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn • Middle-Chinese : zywin
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄦˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ní • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jínn • Middle-Chinese : nyeX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : nî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nī ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : niā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nǐ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niâ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : nǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nā ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄦˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ní • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jínn
|(anatomy) lip • (figurative) lip-shaped thing • (literary or Hakka, Southern Min) side; edge
|(literary or dialectal) you; your • (literary) so; this way • (literary or dialectal) this; that • (obsolete, of flowers) exuberant • (obsolete) a suffix or word-final particle indicating state, appearance, sound, or manner accompanying a verb • (literary) a sentence final particle; merely; only • a surname ‖  ‖ (Hokkien) that's all; nothing more; is all ‖ (Hokkien) only ‖ Used in transcription.
|
| ‖ 爾(じ) • (ji) ‖ 爾(おれ) • (ore)
| ‖ second person archaic pronoun: thou, you • distal pronoun equivalent to modern それ (sore) or その (sono): that • auxiliary character in 漢文 (kanbun) texts indicating state or condition ‖ (archaic, vulgar) second person pronoun: you
|爾 (eumhun 너 이 (neo i))
|
|
|脣 (eumhun 입술 순 (ipsul sun))
|canonical : 爾: Hán Việt readings: nhĩ 爾: Nôm readings: nhãi • canonical : nhĩ
|hanja form of 순 (“lip”)
|romanization : thần
|
|
|脣
|爾
|-
|-
|脯
|牆
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baː, *paʔ) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 甫 (OC *paʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baː, *paʔ) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 甫 (OC *paʔ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zaŋ) : phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ) + semantic 嗇 (“wheat in a granary”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phôo • Middle-Chinese : pjuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : póo • Middle-Chinese : pjuX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiûnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiônn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiâunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiâng • Middle-Chinese : dzjang
|chest; breast ‖ dried meat • sun-dried candied fruit; preserved fruit
|wall (Classifier: 面 m; 堵 m mn; 埲 c; 幅 c) • (Mainland China, Internet slang) Great Firewall • (Mainland China, Internet slang, usually passive) (the Great Firewall) to censor; to block (a website)
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|脯 (eumhun 포 포 (po po))
|牆 • (jang) · 牆 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
|hanja form of 포 (“dried meat”)
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|Hán-Nôm : tường
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|脯
|牆
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|脱
|牒
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dip⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dep
|writing slip made of bamboo or wood in ancient China • official document or note; certificate; credentials • records of family pedigree; genealogical records • books; documents; records • plaint; indictment
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| ‖ 脱(だつ) • (datsu-)
|牒 • (cheop) · 牒 • (cheop) (hangeul 첩, revised cheop, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏp, Yale chep)
| ‖ de- (undoing of something)
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|Hán-Nôm : điệp
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|canonical : 脱: Hán Việt readings: thoát 脱: Nôm readings: thoắt • canonical : thoát • canonical : thoạt • canonical : thót
|牒
|chữ Hán form of thoát (“to escape; to exit”). • Nôm form of thoắt.
|脱
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|脾
|牖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *be) : semantic ⺼ (“organ”) + phonetic 卑 (OC *pe). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-paj (“spleen”) (STEDT).
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phî • Middle-Chinese : bjie
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁵ • Middle-Chinese : yuwX
|(～臟) (traditional Chinese medicine) a functionally defined organ of the digestive system, corresponding largely to the anatomical organ of the pancreas • (～臟) (Western medicine, anatomy) spleen • (figurative) disposition; liking; temperament
|(literary) window • Alternative form of 誘／诱 (yòu, “to lead; to enlighten”)
| ‖ 脾(よこし) • (yokoshi)
| ‖  
| ‖ (anatomy) spleen
| ‖  
|脾 (eumhun 지라 비 (jira bi))
|牖 • (yu) · 牖 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
|hanja form of 비 (“spleen”)
|Hán-Nôm : tì • Hán-Nôm : tỳ
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|脾
|Hán-Nôm : dũ
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|牖
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|腋
|牘
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laːɡ) : semantic 肉 (“flesh”) + phonetic 夜 (OC *laːɡs). \ Originally written 亦, see there for more. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lak ~ *C-jak (“arm; hand; wing”), either via *jak (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007) or *lak (Shi, 2000; Handel, 2009). Compare Mizo zak (“armpit”), Tibetan ལག་པ (lag pa, “arm; hand”), Burmese လက် (lak, “arm; hand”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic 片 (“slice”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ). \ Related to 讀 (OC *l'oːɡ, “read”), according to STEDT.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Middle-Chinese : yek
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : duk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho̍k • Middle-Chinese : duwk
|armpit; underarm; axilla • (botany) axil • Alternative form of 掖 (“to help; to assist”)
|wooden tablets or slips for writing in ancient China • document; archive • letter; correspondence
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|armpit, underarm, axilla
|wooden tablet • letter; correspondence
|腋 (eumhun 겨드랑이 액 (gyeodeurang'i aek))
|牘 • (dok) · 牘 • (dok) (hangeul 독, revised dok, McCune–Reischauer tok, Yale tok)
|hanja form of 액 (“armpit”)
|Hán-Nôm : dạ • Hán-Nôm : dịch • Hán-Nôm : nách • Hán-Nôm : nịch
|Nôm form of nách (“armpit”).
|腋
|-
|腎
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡjinʔ) : phonetic 臤 (OC *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins) + semantic ⺼ (“meat; flesh”) – a body part, the kidneys. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-k(j)un (“kidney”). Cognate with Burmese ကုန်း (kun:, “back”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siǎn • Middle-Chinese : dzyinX
|(anatomy) kidney • (traditional Chinese medicine) testicle • (Cantonese) gizzard • (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, humorous) Deliberate misspelling of 賢／贤 (xián).
| ‖ 腎(むらと) • (murato) ‖ 腎(むらど) • (murado)
| ‖ (obsolete) kidney ‖ (obsolete) kidney
|腎 (eumhun 콩팥 신 (kongpat sin))
|hanja form of 신 (“kidney”)
|Hán-Nôm : thận
|chữ Hán form of thận (“kidney”).
|腎
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|腔
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰroːŋ) : semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 空 (OC *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs, “empty; hollow”). \ Cognate with 空 (OC *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs, “empty; hollow”) (Wang, 1982).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : hong¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiaunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khang • Middle-Chinese : khaewng
|(literary, or in compounds) cavity; hollow in body • (chiefly Chinese opera) tune; melody • (linguistics) accent of one's speech • (Chuqu Wu) speech; dialect; language • (literary, or in compounds) speech; talk
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|cavity
|Hán-Nôm : dộc • Hán-Nôm : độc
|腔 (eumhun 속 빌 강 (sok bil gang))
|hanja form of 강 (“cavity; hollow in body”)
|Hán-Nôm : xoang • Hán-Nôm : khang • Hán-Nôm : xăng • Hán-Nôm : xang
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|
|腔
|牘
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|腥
|牝
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *seːŋ, *seːŋs) : semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 星 (OC *sleːŋ)
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bilʔ, *binʔ) : semantic 牛 (“cattle”) + phonetic 匕 (OC *pilʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pwi(y)-n (“female, mother, big, molar”) (STEDT, Schuessler (2007)). Cognate with Mizo pui (“(suffix or particle) full-grown female, mother (generally used of animals)”), ha-pui (“molar”); Jingpho wi ~ yi (“female”); etc.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seng¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshenn • Middle-Chinese : seng • Middle-Chinese : sengH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin • Middle-Chinese : bjijX • Middle-Chinese : bjinX
|fishy smell • having a fishy smell • meat; fish • (archaic) raw meat; uncooked meat
|(of an animal) female • (literary) female genitalia • gorge; valley • type of keyhole in ancient times
| ‖ 腥(なまぐさ) • (namagusa)
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|smelly, as of raw fish or meat ‖ a smell of fish, meat, or blood • a stink, a bad smell
|female (of an animal) • female genitalia • gorge, hole, hollow
|腥 • (seong) · 腥 • (seong) (hangeul 성, revised seong, McCune–Reischauer sŏng, Yale seng)
|牝 • (bin) · 牝 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin)
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|Hán-Nôm : tinh • Hán-Nôm : tanh
|Hán-Nôm : tẫn
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|腥
|牝
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|腦
|牟
|Originally 匘, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 匕 + 巛 (“hair”) + 囟 (“head; fontanel”). 匕 was later replaced with 肉 (“flesh”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəw-k. Cognate with Burmese ဦးနှောက် (u:hnauk), Nuosu ꀑꆊ (o not, “brain”), Jingpho nu' (“brain”), Drung unu (“brain; mind”), Japhug tɯrnoʁ, S'gaw Karen ခိၣ်နူာ် (khoh̀noọ, “brain”). ‖
|Ideogram (指事) : An ox (牛) with a symbol (now 厶) to represent its lowing. \ ; “moo” \ ; “to seek; to obtain” \ ; “to love” \ ; “look; appearance” \ ; “spear” ‖ Ideogram (指事) : An ox (牛) with a symbol (now 厶) to represent its lowing. \ ; “moo” \ ; “to seek; to obtain” \ ; “to love” \ ; “look; appearance” \ ; “spear”
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nou⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : náu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ló • Middle-Chinese : nawX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˋ • Middle-Chinese : nawH
|Cantonese · Jyutping : mau⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biô • Middle-Chinese : mjuw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : muk⁶
|(anatomy) brain (Classifier: 個／个 m c) • head • brains; mind • to smash one's head • core; central part • (in compounds) brain-like object or substance • (in compounds) essence • (Hong Kong Cantonese) Short for 電腦／电脑 (din⁶ nou⁵, “computer”). (Classifier: 部 c) ‖
|(onomatopoeia) the sound of cattle: moo • to seek; to obtain; to seize • to exceed; to increase; to double • broad; great • longlasting • (Han dynasty, Sòng-Lǔ dialect) to love • look; appearance • spear • Alternative form of 麰／𮮇 (móu, “barley”) • Alternative form of 眸 (móu, “eyeball”) • Alternative form of 堥 (“earthen pot”) • Alternative form of 侔 (móu, “to be equal”) • Alternative form of 鍪 (móu, “helmet”) • (～國) (historical) Mou (an ancient state in modern-day Shandong, China) • a surname ‖ Used in place names. • a surname
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|pupil (hole in middle of an iris) • moo (lowing sound of a cow)
|牟 • (mo) · 牟 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo, Yale mo)
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|Kyūjitai form of 脳
|Hán-Nôm : mưu • Hán-Nôm : màu • Hán-Nôm : mâu • Hán-Nôm : mầu • Hán-Nôm : mào
|腦 (eumhun 머릿골 뇌 (meoritgol noe))
|hanja form of 뇌 (“brain”) [noun]
|Hán-Nôm : não ‖
| ‖ chữ Hán form of não (“brain”).
|腦
|-
|腫
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjoŋʔ) : semantic 肉 (“meat, flesh”) + phonetic 重 (OC *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsíng • Middle-Chinese : tsyowngX
|to be swollen; to swell
| ‖ 腫(しゅ) • (shu) ‖ 腫(しゅ) • (-shu)
|tumor, growth; swelling ‖ tumor, growth ‖ tumor • type of cancer
|腫 (eumhun 부스럼 종 (buseureom jong))
|hanja form of 종 (“tumour”)
|Hán-Nôm : thũng • Hán-Nôm : sũng • Hán-Nôm : thõng • Hán-Nôm : thủng • Hán-Nôm : thuỗn • Hán-Nôm : sõng
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|腫
|牟
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|腮
|牠
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sai
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tha • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho
|(anatomy) cheek • (anatomy) lower part of face; jaw • Alternative form of 鰓／鳃 (“gills of a fish”)
|(animal) it
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|Hán-Nôm : tai
|Hán-Nôm : tha
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|腮
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|腿
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰuːlʔ) : semantic 肉 (“flesh”) + phonetic 退 (OC *n̥ʰuːbs). \ Originally 骽 (OC *n̥ʰuːlʔ).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : teoi² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄟˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuí • Middle-Chinese : thwojX
|leg (Classifier: 條／条) • base; leg; foundation • (in compounds) ham • (Xiang) to joke
| ‖ 腿(もも) • (momo)
| ‖ a thigh • knees
|腿 (eumhun 넓적다리 퇴 (neopjeokdari toe))
|hanja form of 퇴 (“thigh”)
|Hán-Nôm : thối • Hán-Nôm : thoái • Hán-Nôm : thói • Hán-Nôm : thỗi • Hán-Nôm : thoãi
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|腿
|牠
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|膀
|牯
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baːŋ) : semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 旁 (OC *baːŋ). \ Probably cognate with 膊 (Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, it may be related to etymology 3 since the shoulders are on two sides (Liu, 1999). ‖  ‖ Cognate with 旁 (OC *baːŋ, “side”) (Liu, 1999). ‖  ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːʔ) : semantic 牛 (“cow”) + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ) \ Wang (1982) related this word to 羖 (OC *klaːʔ, “(black) ram”) and 豭 (OC *kraː, “boar”). \ However, Schuessler (2007) suggested an Austroasiatic origin: compare these Bahnaric lexical items Koho klaw, Chrau klo:, Bulo Stieng klaw "male" (all from Proto-Bahnaric *kləw < Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁l(ə)w(ʔ) (“male”)), as well as Khmer ខ្លោះ (khlɑh, “male, virile”), កំលោះ (kɑmlɑh, “young man”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : bong² • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : póng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phōng • Middle-Chinese : bang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˇ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo • Middle-Chinese : kuX
|upper arm; shoulder • wing ‖ Only used in 膀胱 (pángguāng). ‖ flank; side of one's torso ‖ (chiefly Mandarin, colloquial) swollen; puffed ‖ Only used in 吊膀子 (diào bàngzi) and 膀子吊.
|bull; ox (especially castrated) • cow (female) • (Hakka, Teochew, suffix) male
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|膀 (eumhun 오줌통 방 (ojumtong bang))
|牯 • (go) · 牯 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|hanja form of 방 (“bladder”)
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|Hán-Nôm : cổ
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|膀
|牯
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|膊
|牴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːɡ) : semantic 肉 (“body”) + phonetic 尃 (OC *pʰa). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *p(r)ak ~ *r-pak (“shoulder”). Cognate with 髆 (OC *paːɡ, “shoulder blade; shoulder”). Probably cognate with 膀 (bǎng, “upper arm; shoulder”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-pak (“to separate; to dismantle; to collapse”). ‖  ‖  ‖
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pok ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Middle-Chinese : phak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai² • Middle-Chinese : tejX
|arm; upper arm • (dialectal) shoulder • (by extension) upper body ‖ ^† to dismember • ^† sun-dried meat that is cut up ‖ ^† Alternative form of 脖 (bó, “neck”) ‖ ^† boundary; border ‖ ^‡ elder brother
|(literary) to gore; to butt • (literary, by extension) to conflict; to contradict
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|膊 • (bak) · 膊 • (bak) (hangeul 박, revised bak, McCune–Reischauer pak, Yale pak)
|牴 • (jeo) · 牴 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)
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|膊
|牴
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|膏
|犄
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːw, *kaːws) : phonetic 高 (OC *kaːw) + semantic 肉 (“meat”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːw, *kaːws) : phonetic 高 (OC *kaːw) + semantic 肉 (“meat”).
| ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kō • Middle-Chinese : kaw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gou³ • Middle-Chinese : kawH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khi ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i • Middle-Chinese : 'je
|fat; grease; oil • fatty; oily; rich • paste; cream; ointment; poultice • sleek; glossy • fertile • (historical) fatty tissue located at the tip of the heart ‖ to moisten; to grease; to lubricate • to apply (cream, ointment) • to dip a brush in ink
| ‖ ^‡ castrated male bovine • ^‡ Name of a kind of bovine. • ^‡ Alternative form of 猗
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|膏 • (go) · 膏 • (go) (hangeul 고, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
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|canonical : 膏: Hán Việt readings: cao
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|膏
|canonical : 犄: Hán Việt readings: cơ 犄: Nôm readings: cơ
|chữ Hán form of cơ.
|犄
|-
|-
|膚
|犒
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 肉 (“meat”) + abbreviated 盧 (“vessel; rice bowl”) — skin, which covers the innards like the exterior of a rice bowl. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *p(r/j)a (“skin”) (STEDT). This form likely represents the root while 皮 (OC *bral) is its derivative with a voicing prefix, most likely PST *m-, found in several OC words for body parts like 鼻 (OC *m-bi[t]-s, “nose”), 肚 (OC *m-tˤaʔ, “belly”), 右 (OC *[ɢ]ʷəʔ-s (~ *m-qʷəʔ), “right-hand”) and 頭 (OC *[m-t]ˤo, “head”) (Baxter & Sagart, 2014).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰaːws) : semantic 牛 (“cow”) + phonetic 高 (OC *kaːw).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hu • Middle-Chinese : pju
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hou³ • Middle-Chinese : khawH
|skin • superficial; shallow • great • (alt. form 扶) ancient unit of length equal to the width of four fingers
|to reward troops with food and drink; to feast
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|
|
|
|犒 • (ho) · 犒 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)
|
|
|hanja form of 부 (“skin”)
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|
|
|
|膚
|犒
|-
|-
|膛
|犖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : phonetic 肉 (OC *njuɡ, “flesh, meat”) + semantic 堂.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̂g
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok⁶ • Middle-Chinese : laewk
|(literary) brindled ox • (literary) brindled in color • (literary) evident; conspicuous • Used in 犖确 (luòquè).
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|
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|
|犖 • (rak>nak) · 犖 • (rak>nak) (hangeul 락>낙, revised rak>nak, McCune–Reischauer rak>nak, Yale lak>nak)
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|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thang • Hán-Nôm : đường
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|
|膛
|犖
|-
|-
|膳
|犛
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djens) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 善 (OC *ɡjenʔ).
|Earliest extant attestation is in Discourses of the States: \ * \ 不然，巴浦之犀、犛、兕、象，其可盡乎，其又以規為瑱也？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]不然，巴浦之犀、牦、兕、象，其可尽乎，其又以规为瑱也？ [Classical Chinese, simp.] \ From: Guoyu, circa 4ᵗʰ century BCE \ Bùrán, Bā Pǔ zhī xī, máo/lí, sì, xiàng, qí kě jìn hū, qí yòu yǐ guī wéi tiàn yě? [Pinyin] \ ‘Otherwise, it is because rhinoceros, yaks, wild bovids and elephants in Ba and Pu have become extinct, and for this reason you use my recommendations as earplugs (which are made from the bones of these exotic animals)?’ \ According to Schuessler (2007), 犛 (OC *rə) > lí is either related to or borrowed from Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “female yak”). \ Jacques, d'Alpoim Guedes and Zhang (2021) propose 犛 (OC *mrˁu) > máo could reflect a borrowing from Rgyalrongic language after loss of final *-ŋ, thus making it cognate to Rgyalrongic terms for "male yak" like Tshobdun qɐⁿbrúʔ, Zbu qɐⁿbrúʔ, Situ kəmbrû, Japhug qambrɯ, and Khroskyabs [script needed] (ʁbrô); as well as Tibetan འབྲོང ('brong, “wild yak”) and Burmese ပြောင် (praung, “gaur”), etc. all from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brawŋ (“wild yak, buffalo”) (STEDT).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siān • Middle-Chinese : dzyenH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : li • Middle-Chinese : loj • Middle-Chinese : maew
|to prepare food • to offer food • meal
|yak
| ‖ 膳(ぜん) • (zen) ‖ 膳(ぜん) • (-zen)
|
|small table; tray ‖ small Japanese meal tray • a prepared meal, (especially) food a drink arranged on such a tray ‖ pairs of chopsticks • bowls of rice
|
|膳 (eumhun 반찬 선 (banchan seon)) · 膳 (eumhun 선물 선 (seonmul seon))
|hanja form of 선 (“meal”) • hanja form of 선 (“gift; present”)
|romanization : thiện
|
|
|膳
|-
|臀
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *duːn) : phonetic 殿 (OC *tɯːns, *dɯːns) + semantic 肉 (“flesh”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-t(u/i)l (“buttocks; heel; dull; blunt; rounded part”). Compare Manipuri ꯊꯨꯟ (thoon, “buttocks”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thûn • Middle-Chinese : dwon
|buttocks; bottom
|
|
|butt, buttocks, rear
|Hán-Nôm : li • Hán-Nôm : mao
|臀 (eumhun 볼기 둔 (bolgi dun))
|hanja form of 둔 (“buttocks”)
|Hán-Nôm : đồn
|
|
|臀
|犛
|-
|-
|臂
|犢
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *peɡs) : phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ) + semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *p-jak (“arm”), whence Lepcha [script needed] (pek), Limbu [script needed] (phuk-bek), Tibetan ཕྱག (phyag, “hand; arm”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic 牛 (“ox”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *luk (“sheep”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Cognate with 羭 (OC *lo, “sheep”), Tibetan ལུག (lug, “sheep”). \ Other etymologies have been proposed: \ * Boodberg (1937) relates it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “calf”), which Schuessler (2007) deems unlikely. \ * Norman (1988) suggests that it may be a loan from Mongolic or Tungusic; compare Mongolian ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ (tuɣul, “calf”), Manchu ᡨᡠᡴᡧᠠᠨ (tukšan, “calf”). This is an unlikely etymology due to recent developments in the reconstruction of Old Chinese, where *l- (rather than older reconstructions with *d-) would be a poor match for Mongolic/Tungusic t-, as well as new archaeological evidence suggesting that the word is likely older than previously assumed (Miyake, 2017; Cao, 2021). \ * It could also be related to 畜 (OC *l̥ʰuɡs, *l̥ʰuɡ, *hluɡ, “to nourish; domestic animal”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄅㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pì • Middle-Chinese : pjieH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍k • Middle-Chinese : duwk
|(anatomy) arm
|calf (young cow or bull) • a surname
| ‖ 臂(ひじ) • (hiji) ^(←ひぢ (fidi)?)
| ‖ Alternative spelling of 肘
|臂 (eumhun 팔 비 (pal bi))
|hanja form of 비 (“arm”)
|Hán-Nôm : tý • Hán-Nôm : tí
|
|
|臂
|-
|臆
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯɡ) : semantic 肉 (“body”) + phonetic 意 (OC *qɯɡs). \ Compare Proto-Tai *ʔɤkᴰ (“chest”), whence Thai อก (òk). Cognate with 意 (OC *qɯɡs, “mind”) and 憶 (OC *qɯɡ, “to remember”). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iak • Middle-Chinese : 'ik ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ioh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ip
|chest; breast; bosom • thought ‖ (Southern Min) to guess • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to purchase objects by quantity and not by weight
| ‖ 臆(おく) • (oku)
|chest; breast; heart • to repress one's mind; to be hesitant in one's thoughts • timid; nervous; afraid ‖ chest • guess; conjecture • timid; nervous
|臆 (eumhun 가슴 억 (gaseum eok))
|hanja form of 억 (“chest”)
|Hán-Nôm : ức
|
|
|臆
|犢 • (dok) · 犢 • (dok) (hangeul 독, revised dok, McCune–Reischauer tok, Yale tok)
|-
|臟
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zaːŋs) : semantic ⺼ (“flesh”) + phonetic 藏 (OC *zaːŋ, *zaːŋs). \ Specializational glyph of 藏 (OC *zaːŋs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsōng
|internal organs; viscera • (Northern Min) intestines; guts
|
|
|intestines • entrails
|臟 (eum 장 (jang))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tạng
|
|
|臟
|犢
|-
|-
|舀
|犧
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 爪 (“hand”) + 臼 (“mortar, vessel”). \ Related to 揄 (OC *l'oː, *l'oːʔ, *lu, *lo, “to scoop out”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Mizo lâwk, lawh (“to scoop up; to shovel up”), Mon ဂၠံက် (“to scoop up; to scoop out”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hŋral) : semantic 牛 (“ox”) + phonetic 羲 (OC *hŋral). \ Cognate with 儀 (OC *ŋral, “ceremony; appearance”). See there for more.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iúnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iáu • Middle-Chinese : yu • Middle-Chinese : yuw • Middle-Chinese : yewX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi • Middle-Chinese : xje
|to scoop; to ladle
|(historical) pure-colored sacrificial animal • sacrifice
|
|
|dip • ladle
|舀 • (yo) · 舀 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
|ladle out • spoon out
|Hán-Nôm : yểu • Hán-Nôm : ửu
|
|
|舀
|犧 • (hui, sa) · 犧 • (hui, sa) (hangeul 희, 사, revised hui, sa, McCune–Reischauer hŭi, sa, Yale huy, sa)
|-
|舅
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuʔ) : phonetic 臼 (OC *ɡuʔ) + semantic 男 (“male; man”). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)əw-n (“elder brother; senior male relative”); compare Tibetan ཨ་ཁུ (a khu), ཁུ་བོ (khu bo, “father's brother”) (Sagart, 2017d; STEDT). Possibly related to 舊 (OC *ɡʷɯs, “old; ancient”), 昆 (OC *kuːn, “elder brother”) (Sagart, 1999; STEDT); see there for more.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kǔ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiǔ • Middle-Chinese : gjuwX
|maternal uncle (mother's brother) • brother-in-law (wife's brother) • father-in-law (wife's father or husband's father) • feudal prince of a different surname (to an emperor) • official of a different surname (to a feudal prince) • a surname • (Taiwan, botany) used in plant names to indicate naming after a similar species
| ‖ 舅(しひと) • (shihito) ‖ 舅(しゅうと) • (shūto) ^(←しうと (siuto)?)
| ‖ a father-in-law ‖ a father-in-law
|舅 • (gu) · 舅 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|
|
|canonical : 舅: Hán Việt readings: cữu 舅: Nôm readings: cậu • canonical : cữu
|canonical : 犧: Hán Việt readings: hy • canonical : hi 犧: Nôm readings: hi
|Nôm form of cậu (“maternal uncle, young male master, younger male stranger”).
|chữ Hán form of hi (“certain types of sacrifice”).
|舅
|犧
|-
|-
|與
|状
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la, *laʔ, *las) : phonetic 舁 (OC *la) + semantic 牙. \ ; "to be with; to associate with" \ ; "to give" ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la, *laʔ, *las) : phonetic 舁 (OC *la) + semantic 牙. \ ; "to be with; to associate with" \ ; "to give" ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la, *laʔ, *las) : phonetic 舁 (OC *la) + semantic 牙. \ ; "to be with; to associate with" \ ; "to give"
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : í • Middle-Chinese : yoX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : í • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Middle-Chinese : yoH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yo
|to give; to offer • to agree; to allow; to permit • to help; to support • to get close to • to follow • to befriend; to get along with; to associate with • to fight • to deal with; to cope • to compare • to wait • to choose; to elect • clique • allied country • with • for • (passive) by • used to introduce the recipient of an action • and (used to connect two nouns) • (logic) AND; conjunction • rather than • Same as 舉／举 (jǔ) • a surname ‖ to participate • to interfere ‖ (Classical, alt. form 歟／欤) Sentence-final particle used to express an exclamatory, doubtful or questioning tone
|
|
|participate in • give • award • impart • provide • cause
|與 (eumhun 더불 여 (deobul yeo)) · 與 (eumhun 줄 여 (jul yeo)) ‖ 與 (eumhun 참여할 여 (chamyeohal yeo)) ‖ 與 • (yeo) (hangeul 여)
|hanja form of 여 (“and; with; to; for”) [affix] • hanja form of 여 (“to give; to grant”) [affix] ‖ hanja form of 여 (“to participate”) [affix] ‖ (in news headlines) Short for 與(여)黨(당) (yeodang, “(politics) the ruling party”).
|Hán-Nôm : dữ • Hán-Nôm : trở
|
|
|與
|-
|舊
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷɯs) : semantic 雈 (“owl”) + phonetic 臼 (OC *ɡuʔ). \ Originally refers to a type of owl; later borrowed for a homophonous word meaning "old." The upper portion frequently appears as 萑 (a type of grass). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)əw-n (“elder brother; senior male relative”), which is also compared to 舅 (OC *ɡuʔ, “maternal uncle”), 昆 (OC *kuːn, “elder brother”) (Sagart, 1999; STEDT). \ Baxter and Sagart (2014) compares it to 久 (OC *[k]ʷəʔ). See there for more.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiū • Middle-Chinese : gjuwH
|old; former; past • old; used; worn • former; once-existing • old friend or friendship, or things in the past • (dialectal) last; previous
| ‖
|old ‖
|舊 (eumhun 예 구 (ye gu))
|hanja form of 예 (“old”)
|Hán-Nôm : cựu • Hán-Nôm : lâu
|
|
|舊
| ‖ 状(じょう) • (-jō)
|-
|condition • form • appearance • letter ‖ being in such condition • having such form or appearance • letter, card, written notice
|舒
|状 • (jang, sang) · 状 • (jang, sang) (hangeul 장, 상, revised jang, sang, McCune–Reischauer chang, sang, Yale cang, sang)
|phonetic 舍 (OC *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs) + phonetic 予 (OC *la, *laʔ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : soo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si • Middle-Chinese : syo
|to open up; to unfold; to stretch out; to relax • (Eastern Min, Puxian Min, Hokkien, Teochew) to spread (a mat, a blanket, etc.) • slow • comfortable; leisurely; easy • a surname
|
|
|
|
|舒 • (seo) · 舒 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thư • Hán-Nôm : thơ
|状
|(only in compounds) chữ Hán form of thư (“idle, unoccupied, to relax”).
|舒
|-
|-
|舔
|狄
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰiːmʔ) : semantic 舌 (“tongue”) + phonetic 忝 (OC *l̥ʰiːmʔ, *l̥ʰiːms). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ljam (“tongue; flame”). The Cantonese vernacular reading (Guangzhou lim² or lem²; Taishan liam²) preserves the Old Chinese lateral initial *l̥-.
|;"northern foreigners" \ ;"low servant"
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiám
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k • Middle-Chinese : dek
|(transitive) to lick • (figurative, slang, transitive) to suck up to; to brownnose
|the Di people; Zhou dynasty era term for tribes from northern China • low servant • Alternative form of 翟 • a surname
|
|barbarian
|狄 (eumhun 오랑캐 적 (orangkae jeok))
|hanja form of 적 (“tribe from northern China”)
|Hán-Nôm : địch • Hán-Nôm : đệt
|
|
|狄
|-
|狎
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːb) : semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap⁶ • Middle-Chinese : haep
|(literary) to be used to; to be familiar with • (literary) to get close to; to become intimate with • (literary) to slight; to neglect • (literary) to tease; to play tricks on
|
|
|
|
|狎 • (ap) · 狎 • (ap) (hangeul 압, revised ap, McCune–Reischauer ap, Yale ap)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thiểm • Hán-Nôm : liếm • Hán-Nôm : thiêm
|Hán-Nôm : hiệp • Hán-Nôm : hạp
|
|
|舔
|狎
|-
|-
|舵
|独
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːlʔ) : semantic 舟 (“boat”) + phonetic 它 (OC *l̥ʰaːl). \ Attested late, in Shiming as 柂 and Guangyun as 舵. \ Shiming connects it to 拖 (OC *l̥ˤaj, “to drag, to pull, to haul”). Meanwhile, Schuessler (2007) considers it an areal word; compare Vietnamese lái (“to drive (a wheeled vehicle), to steer (a vessel), etc.”) and Thai ท้าย (táai, “stern; back; rear end”).
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǒ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǒo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuǎnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǎi • Middle-Chinese : daX
|(nautical, aeronautics) rudder; helm • (Cantonese) steering (of a vehicle)
| ‖ 舵(かじ) • (kaji) ^(←かぢ (kadi)?)
|rudder, tiller, helm ‖ (nautical) the rudder of a boat or ship • (nautical, aeronautics) the helm, tiller, or wheel of a boat or ship, or of an aircraft • (figurative) a position of leadership or control • (nautical) a single oar-like device attached to the back of a small boat and swept from side to side to propel the boat forward
|舵 (eumhun 키 타 (ki ta))
|hanja form of 타 (“rudder, tiller, helm”)
|canonical : 舵: Hán Việt readings: đà
|
|
|舵
|-
|舷
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kînn • Middle-Chinese : hen
| ‖ 独(どく) • (doku) ^(←どく (doku)?)
|sides of a boat (i.e. port and starboard) • (Southern Min) side; edge
|solo, monad • single ‖ solitary • Short for ドイツ／独逸 (Doitsu, “Germany (a country)”).
|
|
|
|
|舷 (eumhun 뱃전 현 (baetjeon hyeon))
|hanja form of 현 (“the sides of a boat”)
|
|
|
|
|舷
|独
|-
|-
|艘
|狭
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *suːw, *sɯːw) : semantic 舟 (“boat”) + phonetic 叟 (OC *suːʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : só • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : so • Middle-Chinese : sew
|Classifier for boats, ships, vessels. • (literary) ship
| ‖ 艘(そう) • (-sō)
| ‖ small boats
|艘 (eum 소 (so))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : sưu
|
|
|艘
|-
|艦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːmʔ) : semantic 舟 + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms). \ "Warship (with boards installed on its four sides to defend against arrow attacks)" (Shiming) > "warship" > "ship" (Guangya). A specialised character derived from 檻 (OC *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms, “fence, railing, board”); see there for more on the external etymology. \ This character is a classic example of historical misreadings of unfamiliar characters. The l- initial in southern dialects is probably due to confusion with 濫 (MC lamH, “to overflow”), not due to divergent evolutions of the Old Chinese cluster initial *gr- as this character is often cited as an example of. Likewise, the readings in other Chinese are misreadings, although this is more subtle. Expected Mandarin reflex is xiàn, and jiàn is due to confusion with 鑑 (MC kaemH, “mirror; to reflect”). Wu and Eastern Min readings are results of confusion with 檻 (MC haemX, “doorsill”). Despite these irregularities, all the Sinoxenic readings are regular.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàm • Middle-Chinese : haemX
|warship
| ‖ 艦(かん) • (kan)
| ‖ warship
|艦 (eumhun 싸움배 함 (ssaumbae ham))
|hanja form of 함 (“warship”) [noun]
|Hán-Nôm : hạm
|
|
|艦
| ‖ 狭(さ) • (sa) ‖ 狭(せ) • (se) ‖ 狭(せば) • (seba) ^†-nari ‖ 狭(せば) • (seba)
|-
|cramped • narrow • contract • tight ‖ narrow, small ‖ (archaic) narrowness ‖ (archaic, Classical Japanese) narrow ‖ Short for 狭縮緬 (sebachirimen /⁠せばちりめん⁠/).
|艾
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːds, *ŋads) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 乂 (OC *ŋads). ‖ From 愛. See 愛滋病 for more. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngāi • Middle-Chinese : ngajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ài ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ngjojH
|mugwort, especially Chinese mugwort (Artemisia argyi) • (obsolete) green • (literary) pale; greyish white • (literary) elderly person • (literary) to end; to stop • (literary) beautiful lady • (obsolete) to nurture; to foster • (historical) an ancient place in modern-day Xiushui County, Jiangxi • (historical) a mountain in modern-day Xintai, Shandong • a surname ‖ Only used in 艾滋病 (àizībìng). ‖ Alternative form of 刈 (yì, “to mow; to harvest; to chop; to exterminate; sickle”) • Alternative form of 乂 (“to govern; to control; to pacify; to admonish”)
| ‖ 艾(もぐさ) • (mogusa) ‖ 艾(よもぎ) • (yomogi)
|artemisia; mugwort, sagebrush, wormwood ‖ mugwort ‖ mugwort
|艾 (eumhun 쑥 애 (ssuk ae)) ‖ 艾 (eumhun 다스릴 예 (daseuril ye))
|moxa, mugwort ‖
|Hán-Nôm : ngải • Hán-Nôm : nghệ • Hán-Nôm : nghễ
|
|
|艾
|-
|芒
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maːŋ, *maŋ) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 亡 (OC *maŋ). \ Unclear. Schuessler (2007) lists two possible comparanda: \ * Proto-Kam-Sui *mpraːŋ¹ (“ear (of grain)”), which may be problematic due to inconsistent phonetic correspondence with the Middle Chinese form; and \ * Burmese အမှင် (a.hmang, “stiff hair; bristles”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ma-ŋ (“beard; moustache”) (STEDT). ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄤˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mêe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mê • Middle-Chinese : mjang • Middle-Chinese : mang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bông ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mong⁴ • Middle-Chinese : mang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Bông ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong²
|(～草) Miscanthus sinensis • (～屬) Miscanthus • awn • edge of a knife • ray; beam (of light) • Alternative form of 茫 (máng, “indistinct”) • Alternative form of 忙 (máng, “hurried”) • (obsolete, alt. form 邙) Short for 北邙山 (Běimángshān). • a surname ‖ Short for 芒果 (mángguǒ, “mango”). ‖ a surname ‖ (Chinese mythology) Mang of Xia (ninth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty) ‖ Alternative form of 恍 (huǎng, “indistinct; confused”)
|
|
|(botany) awn
|芒 • (mang) · 芒 • (mang) (hangeul 망, revised mang, McCune–Reischauer mang, Yale mang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : mang • Hán-Nôm : man • Hán-Nôm : mường • Hán-Nôm : màng • Hán-Nôm : mưng • Hán-Nôm : vong
|
|
|芒
|狭
|-
|-
|芙
|狷
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phû • Middle-Chinese : bju
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun¹ • Middle-Chinese : kwenH • Middle-Chinese : kjwienH
|Only used in 芙蓉 (fúróng) and 芙蕖 (fúqú).
|(literary) rash; impetuous; impulsive • (literary) reserved; overcautious • (literary) upright (of character)
|
|
|narrow • short-tempered
|狷 • (gyeon) · 狷 • (gyeon) (hangeul 견, revised gyeon, McCune–Reischauer kyŏn, Yale kyen)
|
|
|芙 • (bu) · 芙 • (bu) (hangeul 부, revised bu, McCune–Reischauer pu, Yale pu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phù • Hán-Nôm : trầu • Hán-Nôm : giầu
|
|
|芙
|狷
|-
|-
|芥
|狹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːds) : semantic 艸 (“grass, plant”) + phonetic 介 (OC *kreːds) – a type of plant. \ The meaning "mustard green" is attested earliest in the Book of Rites; "small grass" in Zuo zhuan (Ai 1). \ Schuessler (2007) compares it to Middle Korean 갓 (kas), Proto-Southwestern Tai *ka:tᴰ (> Thai กาด (gàat), Lao ກາດ (kāt), Shan ၵၢတ်ႇ (kàat)), Proto-Vietic *kaːs (> Vietnamese cải, Muong cái, & Thavung kajh¹). However, all those foreign items might have been loaned from Late Old Chinese or Eastern Han Chinese (as proposed by Pittayaporn for *ka:tᴰ),
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreːb) : semantic 犭 (“dog”) + phonetic 夾 (OC *kreːb) – narrow-minded, like a dog. \ The endopassive of 夾 (OC *kreːb, “to press between”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gjap (“narrow; crowded”), from which Burmese ကျပ် (kyap, “tight”) is derived (STEDT).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kài • Middle-Chinese : keajH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ue̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ere̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha̍p • Middle-Chinese : heap
|mustard greens (Brassica juncea) • (literary) small grass • (literary, figurative) triviality
|narrow (of rooms, pants, streets, etc.); tight • narrow-minded; narrow (of one's thinking, knowledge, mind, etc.)
|
|
|mustard • rubbish, trash, dust
|narrow • contract • reduce • tight • limited
|芥 • (gae) · 芥 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)
|狹 • (hyeop) · 狹 • (hyeop) (hangeul 협, revised hyeop, McCune–Reischauer hyŏp, Yale hyep)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : giới
|Hán-Nôm : hẹp • Hán-Nôm : hiẹp • Hán-Nôm : hệp
|
|
|芥
|狹
|-
|-
|芬
|狽
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰɯn) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns)
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paːds) : semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 貝 (OC *paːds).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hun • Middle-Chinese : phjun
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bui³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puē • Middle-Chinese : pajH
|fragrance, aroma • fragrant • Short for 芬蘭／芬兰 (Fēnlán, “Finland”).
|(mythology) a legendary wolf-like animal with short forelegs and long hind legs • distressed • wretched
|
|
|
|
|芬 • (bun) · 芬 • (bun) (hangeul 분, revised bun, McCune–Reischauer pun, Yale pun)
|狽 • (pae) · 狽 • (pae) (hangeul 패, revised pae, McCune–Reischauer p'ae, Yale phay)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phân
|Hán-Nôm : bái
|
|
|芬
|狽
|-
|-
|芭
|猙
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praː) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praː) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsreːŋ, *zeŋʔ) : semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 爭 (OC *ʔsreːŋ).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa • Middle-Chinese : pae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Middle-Chinese : tsreang • Middle-Chinese : dzjengX
|Used in 芭蕉 (bājiāo); also used as its short form. • a kind of fragrant grass ‖ Used in an ancient personal name. • Alternative form of 葩 (pā)
|fierce-looking; ferocious • (literary, Chinese mythology) a red leopard-like creature with one horn
|
|
|banana
|芭 • (pa) · 芭 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha)
|
|
|canonical : 芭: Hán Việt readings: ba 芭: Nôm readings: ba • canonical : bơ
|猙 • (jaeng) · 猙 • (jaeng) (hangeul 쟁, revised jaeng, McCune–Reischauer chaeng, Yale cayng)
|chữ Hán form of ba (“banana”).
|芭
|-
|芹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯn) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khîn • Middle-Chinese : gj+n
|water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) • celery (Apium graveolens) • (figurative) meager; humble
| ‖ 芹(せり) or 芹(セリ) • (seri)
|water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) ‖ water dropwort, Oenanthe javanica
|芹 • (geun) · 芹 • (geun) (hangeul 근, revised geun, McCune–Reischauer kŭn, Yale kun)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cần
|Hán-Nôm : tranh
|
|
|芹
|猙
|-
|-
|苑
|猥
| ‖  ‖  ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːlʔ) : semantic 犬 + phonetic 畏 (OC *quls).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Middle-Chinese : 'jwonX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ué • Middle-Chinese : 'wojX
|park; garden; pasture; preserve • park; garden; pasture; preserve · imperial garden; imperial hunting grounds • (of arts, literature, etc.) center; circle; world ‖ a surname ‖ Alternative form of 菀 (yù, “lush; luxuriant”) ‖ Alternative form of 蘊／蕴 (“to accumulate; to gather”)
|(obsolete) to accumulate • (obsolete) many; numerous • (literary) numerous and chaotic • (literary) lowly; obscene • (obsolete) incorrectly; erroneously • (obsolete) suddenly • (Lichuan Gan) to play
| ‖
|
|garden • farm • park ‖
|obscene • vulgar
|苑 • (won) · 苑 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)
|猥 (eum 외 (oe))
|
|
|romanization : uyển • romanization : oản • romanization : oan
|Hán-Nôm : ổi
|
|
|苑
|猥
|-
|-
|苔
|猫
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯː) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 台 (OC *l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ). ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrew) : semantic 犬 + phonetic 苗 (OC *mrew).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : toi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thî • Middle-Chinese : doj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : toi¹
|moss; lichen ‖ tongue coating; fur
| ‖ 苔(こけ) • (koke)
|moss ‖ moss • Synonym of 猿麻桛 (saruogase, “beard moss, Usena”)
|苔 • (tae) · 苔 • (tae) (hangeul 태, revised tae, McCune–Reischauer t'ae, Yale thay)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đài • Hán-Nôm : đầy • Hán-Nôm : dày • Hán-Nôm : đày • Hán-Nôm : dây • Hán-Nôm : thai
|
|
|苔
| ‖ 猫(ねこ) or 猫(ネコ) • (neko) (counter 匹) ‖ 猫(ねこま) • (nekoma)
|-
| ‖ a cat ‖ (obsolete) a cat
|苞
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pruː) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pruː) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pruː) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pôo • Middle-Chinese : paew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠ
|bulrush (for making mats and straw sandals) • root or stem of plants • growing in profusion; luxuriant; profuse • (botany) bract; bud • Alternative form of 包 (“to wrap up; to surround”) • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 匏 (páo, “gourd”) ‖ Alternative form of 藨 (“bulrush”)
| ‖ 苞(ほう) • (hō) ^(←はう (fau)?)
|husk • bract • straw wrapper • souvenir gift • bribe ‖ (botany) bract
|苞 • (po) · 苞 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o, Yale pho)
|
|
|canonical : 苞: Hán Việt readings: bao 苞: Nôm readings: bèo • canonical : bào • canonical : vầu
|hanja form of 묘 (“cat”)
|Nôm form of bèo (“duckweed”).
|苞
|-
|茁
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuat • Middle-Chinese : trwit • Middle-Chinese : tsrweat • Middle-Chinese : tsrjwet
|
|
|猫
|-
|献
|
|
|
|
|茁 • (jul) · 茁 • (jul) (hangeul 줄, revised jul, McCune–Reischauer chul, Yale cwul)
|bud • sprout
|
|
|
|
|茁
|offer, present • show, display
|-
|范
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bomʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 氾 (OC *pʰoms, *bom).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huān • Middle-Chinese : bjomX
|^† bee • Simplied form of 範／范 (fàn). Alternative of 笵 (fàn). • (～縣) Fan County, Fanxian (a county of Puyang, Henan, China) • a surname
|
|
|
|
|范 • (beom) · 范 • (beom) (hangeul 범, revised beom, McCune–Reischauer pŏm, Yale pem)
|
|Hán-Nôm : phạm
|Chữ Hán form of Phạm (“a surname from Chinese.”).
|范
|-
|茄
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡa, *ɡal, *kraːl) : semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl). ‖  ‖ Compare: \ * Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kləj: Chinese 屎 (OC *hliʔ), Burmese ချေး (hkye:); \ * Proto-Tai *C̬.qɯjꟲ (“excrement”): Thai ขี้ (kîi). \ Bauer (1996) does not consider this to be a loan from Tai. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiô • Middle-Chinese : gja ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kee • Middle-Chinese : kae ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ke¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ke¹
|(now in compounds or dialectal) eggplant; aubergine • (Cantonese) Short for 番茄 (faan¹ ke⁴⁻², “tomato”). ‖ lotus stem • An ancient state in modern Anhui ‖ (Cantonese, colloquial) poop (Classifier: 篤／笃 c) ‖ (Cantonese) Used in transcription.
|
|
|eggplant
|茄 (eum 가 (ga))
|eggplant
|Hán-Nôm : già • Hán-Nôm : nhà • Hán-Nôm : nhu • Hán-Nôm : như • Hán-Nôm : nhựa • Hán-Nôm : cà • Hán-Nôm : gia
|
|
|茄
|献
|-
|-
|茅
|猷
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mruː) : semantic 艹 (“plant”) + phonetic 矛 (OC *mu).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hm̂ • Middle-Chinese : maew
|cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica) (often used as thatch) • (obsolete, metonymically) thatched cottage • (obsolete, figurative) Tao • (obsolete) clear • (obsolete) to become damaged • (Cantonese, derogatory) not abiding by the rules; cheaty • Alternative form of 旄 (máo) • (historical) An ancient state in modern Shandong • a surname
| ‖ 茅(ちがや) or 茅(チガヤ) • (chigaya)
|thatch ‖ cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica)
|茅 • (mo) · 茅 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo, Yale mo)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : mao
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iû • Middle-Chinese : yuw
|to plan, scheme • plan, plot • way
|
|
|茅
|-
|茉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 末 (OC *maːd).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mut⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bāng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ba̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bua̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bua̍t • Middle-Chinese : mat
|Only used in 茉莉 (mòlì).
|
|
|white jasmine
|猷 (eum 유 (yu))
|茉 • (mal) · 茉 • (mal) (hangeul 말, revised mal, McCune–Reischauer mal, Yale mal)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : mạt • Hán-Nôm : nhi
|Hán-Nôm : du
|
|
|茉
|猷
|-
|-
|茵
|獅
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sri) : semantic 犭 (“dog; beast”) + phonetic 師 (OC *sri). \ Originally written as 師. Earliest written attestations in the Eastern Han era include the Book of Han [before 111], the surviving portion of the Dongguan Hanji [c. 150], and Lokakṣema's translation of the Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā [179]. The term is possibly of Iranian origin. In the Book of Han, the lion was described as indigenous to the historical 烏弋山離 (OC *qaː lɯɡ sreːn rel, “Alexandria”), possibly Alexandria Prophthasia (Yu, 1998), which was part of the Parthian Empire at the time. The Dongguan mentions a lion as a gift from the Shule Kingdom in the year 133, where a Saka language was spoken then. Earlier definite dates associated with the lion mentioned in the Book of the Later Han include the year 87, when a gift lion from the Yuezhi was recorded. \ Compare Proto-Iranian *cárguš (“lion”). Possibly related to 狻猊 (OC *sloːn ŋeː). \ Meanwhile, Adams (2013) postulates possible Tocharian connections; cf. Tocharian B ṣecake and etymologies.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sir • Middle-Chinese : srij
|lion
| ‖ 獅(し) • (shi)
|a lion ‖ lion
|獅 (eumhun 사자 사 (saja sa))
|hanja form of 사 (“lion”)
|canonical : 獅: Hán Việt readings: sư 獅: Nôm readings: sư
|chữ Hán form of sư (“lion”).
|獅
|-
|獎
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaŋʔ) : phonetic 將 (OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs) + semantic 犬 (“dog”). The significance of 犬 is debated; cf. the same radical in 獻.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiáng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiúnn • Middle-Chinese : tsjangX
|to reward someone with something as encouragement; to award • reward; prize • prize money
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : in • Middle-Chinese : 'jin
|Alternative form of 奨: reward; prize
|cushion; mattress • Used in 茵蒀 and 茵陳／茵陈 (yīnchén). • a surname
|獎 (eum 장 (jang))
|Alternative form of 奬
|Hán-Nôm : tưởng
|
|
|A coin
|獎
|茵 • (in) · 茵 • (in) (hangeul 인)
|mat, cushion
|Hán-Nôm : nhân
|mattress
|茵
|-
|-
|茸
|獐
|Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njoŋ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + abbreviated phonetic 聰 (OC *sʰloːŋ) (Shuowen). ‖ Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njoŋ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + abbreviated phonetic 聰 (OC *sʰloːŋ) (Shuowen).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiông • Middle-Chinese : nyowng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˇ
|(of vegetation) soft and downy; newly sprouted and pilose • bud; sprout • fine hair; soft fur • pilose antler of a young stag ‖ (obsolete) to push in • Used in compounds.
| ‖ 茸(きのこ) or 茸(キノコ) • (kinoko) ‖ 茸(たけ) or 茸(タケ) • (take) ‖ 茸(くさびら) or 茸(くさひら) • (kusabira or kusahira) ‖ 茸(くさびら) • (Kusabira) ‖ 茸(きのこ) • (Kinoko)
| ‖ a mushroom ‖ (chiefly Kansai or in compounds) a mushroom • (colloquial) the flesh of an animal ‖ (archaic, now dialectal) a mushroom • (etymology, obsolete) vegetable, greens • (euphemistic, in Ise Grand Shrine) the flesh of an animal ‖ a kyogen play ‖ (Internet slang) NTT Docomo
|茸 • (yong) · 茸 • (yong) (hangeul 용, revised yong, McCune–Reischauer yong, Yale yong)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nhung
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiunn • Middle-Chinese : tsyang
|water deer
| ‖
|roebuck • hornless river deer ‖
|獐 (eumhun 노루 장 (noru jang))
|roe deer
|canonical : 獐: Hán Việt readings: chương 獐: Nôm readings: chương
|chữ Hán form of chương (“musk deer”).
|獐
|-
|獗
|
|
|茸
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ
|-
|Only used in 猖獗 (chāngjué).
|荐
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin³ • Middle-Chinese : dzenH
|straw mat • fodder grass • repeatedly • ^‡ to gather • Alternative form of 薦／荐 (jiàn, “to recommend”)
|
|
|獗 • (gwol) · 獗 • (gwol) (hangeul 궐, revised gwol, McCune–Reischauer kwŏl, Yale kwel)
|
|
|荐 • (cheon, geon) · 荐 • (cheon, geon) (hangeul 천, 건, revised cheon, geon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, kŏn, Yale chen, ken)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tiến
|
|
|荐
|獗
|-
|-
|荔
|獰
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːbs, *rebs) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 劦 (OC *ɦleːb).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nǎi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liān • Middle-Chinese : ljeH • Middle-Chinese : lejH
|Alternative name for 馬藺／马蔺 (“Iris lactea”). • Short for 荔枝 (lìzhī, “lychee”). • Used in 薜荔 (bìlì). • a surname
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : nraeng
|ferocious; hideous
|
|
|
|
|獰 (eumhun 모질 녕 (mojil nyeong), word-initial (South Korea) 모질 영 (mojil yeong))
|hanja form of 녕/영 (“ferocious; hideous”)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lệ • Hán-Nôm : lê
|
|
|荔
|獰
|-
|-
|莉
|獷
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːl, *r'il, *r'i) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 利 (OC *rids).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nī • Middle-Chinese : drij • Middle-Chinese : dri • Middle-Chinese : lej
|Used in 茉莉 (mòlì).
|
|
|white jasmine • Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄤˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwong² • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwong³ • Middle-Chinese : kjwangX • Middle-Chinese : kwaengX
|莉 • (ri>i) · 莉 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)
|
|
|
|
|莉 (lị, lài, lý, lợi, nhài)
|莉
|-
|莊
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraŋ) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 壯 (OC *ʔsraŋs).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsonn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuang • Middle-Chinese : tsrjang
|grassy • village; farmstead; hamlet • villa; manor • thoroughfare; main road • place of business; shop • (gambling) dealer; banker • solemn; serious • (Hong Kong Cantonese, university slang) student association; student union (Classifier: 支 c) • a surname: Zhuang
|
|
|a manor, a villa • a village, a hamlet • number of mahjongg games (counter)
|獷 • (gwang) · 獷 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, Yale kwang)
|莊 • (jang) · 莊 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : trang • Hán-Nôm : đồ • Hán-Nôm : dưa • Hán-Nôm : chan • Hán-Nôm : chang
|Hán-Nôm : quánh
|
|
|莊
|獷
|-
|-
|莽
|獺
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maːŋʔ, *moːʔ, *maːʔ) : phonetic 茻 (OC *maːŋʔ) + semantic 犬, and also ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 茻 + semantic 犬 (Li Xueqin, 2012). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ljak ~ mrak ~ mruk.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : mong⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mong⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bóng • Middle-Chinese : muX • Middle-Chinese : mangX • Middle-Chinese : muwX
|thick weeds, luxuriant growth • Illicium henryi and Illicium lanceolatum, whose fruits resemble star anise but are highly toxic • rude, impertinent • (Sichuanese) silly, foolish
|
|
|莽 (eum 망 (mang))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : mảng • Hán-Nôm : mãng
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuah • Middle-Chinese : that • Middle-Chinese : trhaet
|otter
| ‖ 獺(うそ) • (uso)
|otter ‖ an otter
|獺 (eumhun 수달 달 (sudal dal))
|hanja form of 달 (“otter”)
|Hán-Nôm : thát • Hán-Nôm : rái
|
|
|莽
|獺
|-
|-
|菠
|玀
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : poo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pue
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴
|Used in compounds.
|Used in 豬玀／猪猡 (zhūluó, “pig”). • Used in 猓玀／猓猡 (Guǒluó, “the Yi people”).
|
|
|spinach
|菠 • (pa) · 菠 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ba
|
|
|菠
|-
|菩
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːʔ, *bɯʔ, *bɯː, *bɯːɡ) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 咅 (OC *pʰɯʔ, *pʰl'oːs) ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Middle-Chinese : bojX • Middle-Chinese : bjuwX • Middle-Chinese : bok ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phôo • Middle-Chinese : bu
|a kind of herb ‖ Only used in 麻菩楊／麻菩杨. ‖ Used in 菩提 (pútí). • Used in 菩薩／菩萨 (púsà).
|
|
|a kind of grass • sacred tree
|菩 • (bo) · 菩 • (bo) (hangeul 보, revised bo, McCune–Reischauer po, Yale po)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bồ • Hán-Nôm : mồ
|
|
|菩
|玀
|-
|-
|菱
|玟
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯŋ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : ling
|water caltrop; water chestnut (Trapa natans)
| ‖ 菱(ひし) or 菱(ヒシ) • (hishi)
|diamond (shape); rhombus ‖ water caltrop
|菱 • (reung>neung) · 菱 • (reung>neung) (hangeul 릉>능, revised reung>neung, McCune–Reischauer rŭng>nŭng, Yale lung>nung)
|(마름): water caltrop, compare water chestnut.
|Hán-Nôm : lăng • Hán-Nôm : năng • Hán-Nôm : trăng
|
|
|菱
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˊ
|-
|(literary) veins in jade
|菲
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰɯl, *pʰɯlʔ, *bɯls) : semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl). ‖  ‖  ‖ Borrowed from English phenanthrene. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hui • Middle-Chinese : phj+j ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei² • Middle-Chinese : phj+jX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Hui ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei¹
|fragrant; luxuriant • lush ‖ Orychophragmus violaceus • (literary) poor; humble; unworthy • (literary) meager; scant ‖ Short for 菲律賓／菲律宾 (Fēilǜbīn, “the Philippines”). ‖ (organic chemistry) phenanthrene ‖ Used in transcription.
|
|
|
|
|菲 • (bi) · 菲 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|玟 • (min) · 玟 • (min) (hangeul 민)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phi
|phi
|菲
|-
|萄
|Characters in the same phonetic series (匋) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'uː) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 匋 (OC *bl'uː).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : tou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄊㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Middle-Chinese : daw
|a kind of grass • Used in 葡萄 (pútáo).
|
|
|
|
|萄 • (do) · 萄 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to)
|玟
|-
|玳
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːɡs) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 代 (OC *l'ɯːɡs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tāi • Middle-Chinese : dojH • Middle-Chinese : dowk
|Only used in 玳瑁 (dàimào); also used as its short form.
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đào
|
|
|萄
|玳 • (dae) · 玳 • (dae) (hangeul 대, revised dae, McCune–Reischauer tae, Yale tay)
|-
|萌
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mreːŋ) : semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 明 (OC *mraŋ). \ ; “to bud; to begin” \ ; “moe” ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîng • Middle-Chinese : meang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mang⁴
|to bud; to sprout; to germinate • to begin; to start • beginning; start; harbinger; omen; augury; portent • to happen; to occur; to take place • (ACG) moe: feelings of affection towards a fictional character • (Internet slang, by extension) cute; adorable • a surname: Meng ‖ Used in 蕨萌 (“a grass name”). ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 氓 (“farmer; wanderer”)
| ‖ 萌(きざし) • (Kizashi) ‖ 萌(もえ) • (Moe)
|bud, sprout ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ a female given name
|萌 • (maeng) · 萌 • (maeng) (hangeul 맹, revised maeng, McCune–Reischauer maeng, Yale mayng)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : manh • Hán-Nôm : mánh • Hán-Nôm : mảnh • Hán-Nôm : mành
|canonical : 玳: Hán Việt readings: đại 玳: Nôm readings: đồi • canonical : đại
|đáng yêu, dễ thương
|chữ Hán form of đại (“only used in 玳瑁 (đại mội)”). • Nôm form of đồi (“tortoise shell”).
|萌
|玳
|-
|-
|萍
|珀
| ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰraːɡ) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîng • Middle-Chinese : beng ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiô
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paak³ • Middle-Chinese : phaek
|duckweed (often a symbol of floating existence) • to wander; to travel around ‖ (Southern Min) Alternative form of 薸 (“duckweed”)
|Only used in 琥珀 (hǔpò, “amber”).
|
|
|
|
|萍 (eumhun 개구리밥 평 (gaeguribap pyeong))
|珀 • (bak) · 珀 • (bak) (hangeul 박, revised bak, McCune–Reischauer pak, Yale pak)
|hanja form of 평 (“duckweed”)
|Hán-Nôm : bình • Hán-Nôm : bềnh • Hán-Nôm : phềnh • Hán-Nôm : phình
|
|
|萍
|Hán-Nôm : phách
|-
|萬
|Pictogram (象形) – scorpion. This character's original meaning has been lost, and the derivative 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds) refers to the original word. \ ; “scorpion” \ ; “religious dance; sorcery” \ ; “myriad; ten thousand”
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bān • Middle-Chinese : mjonH
|(obsolete) Original form of 蠆／虿 (chài, “scorpion”). • (historical) A ritual dance in ancient China. • myriad, ten thousand, 10000 • (figurative) a great number; myriad; numerous • very; extremely; absolutely • a surname
| ‖ 萬(よろず) • (Yorozu) ^(←よろづ (yorodu)?) ‖ 萬(よろづ) • (Yorozu) ‖ 萬(ばん) • (Ban) ‖ 萬(まん) • (Man)
|ten thousand ‖ a surname ‖ a surname ‖ a surname ‖ a female given name • a surname
|萬 (eumhun 일만(一萬) 만 (ilman man))
|hanja form of 만 (“ten thousand”) • hanja form of 만 (“myriad”)
|canonical : 萬: Hán Việt readings: vạn • canonical : muôn 萬: Nôm readings: vạn • canonical : vàn • canonical : mại • canonical : vẹn • canonical : muôn ‖
| ‖ chữ Hán form of vạn, muôn (“ten thousand”).
|萬
|-
|葡
|Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baː) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 匍 (OC *baː).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phôo • Middle-Chinese : bu
|Used in 葡萄 (pútáo, “grape”) and related terms. • Short for 葡萄牙 (Pútáoyá, “Portugal”). • Short for 葡萄牙 (Pútáoyá, “Portugal”). · (chiefly Cantonese, by extension, in compounds) Macau
| ‖ 葡(ポ) • (po)
| ‖ Short for ポルトガル／葡萄牙 (“Portugal (a country in Europe)”).
|葡 (eum 포 (po))
|
|Hán-Nôm : bồ
|
|
|葡
|珀
|-
|-
|董
|珊
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toːŋʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 重 (OC *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : táng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóng • Middle-Chinese : tuwngX
|to direct; to supervise • director; supervisor • a surname
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : san • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suan • Middle-Chinese : san
|coral • Used in compounds.
|
|
|董 • (dong) · 董 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune–Reischauer tong, Yale tong)
|coral
|珊 (eum 산 (san))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đổng • Hán-Nôm : đỏng • Hán-Nôm : đúng • Hán-Nôm : đủng • Hán-Nôm : đũng • Hán-Nôm : xổng • Hán-Nôm : dỏng • Hán-Nôm : rỗng
|Hán-Nôm : san
|
|
|董
|珊
|-
|-
|葫
|珮
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaː, *ɡaː) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 胡 (OC *ɡaː)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ôo • Middle-Chinese : hu • Middle-Chinese : xu
|Used in 葫蘆／葫芦 (húlu). • garlic
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|gourd, bottle-gourd • garlic
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pui³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phua̍h • Middle-Chinese : bwojH
|葫 • (ho) · 葫 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)
|(historical) jade ornament worn as a pendant on the waist • Alternative form of 佩 (pèi, “to wear on the waist”)
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|Hán-Nôm : hồ
|bauble; jewel
|珮 (eum 패 (pae))
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|葫
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|葵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷil) : semantic 艹 (“grass, plant”) + phonetic 癸 (OC *kʷilʔ) – a kind of plant.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khêr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuê • Middle-Chinese : gjwij
|name of several plants · Short for 冬葵 (“Malva verticillata (syn. Malva crispa)”). • name of several plants · Short for 蒲葵 (púkuí, “Livistona chinensis”). • name of several plants · Short for 落葵 (luòkuí, “Basella alba”). • name of several plants · Short for 向日葵 (xiàngrìkuí, “sunflower”). • name of several plants · Used in compounds. • Alternative form of 揆 (kuí) • (Hong Kong) Short for 葵涌 (Kuíchōng, “Kwai Chung”). • a surname
| ‖ 葵(き) • (ki) ‖ 葵(あおい) • (aoi) ^(←あふひ (afufi)?) ‖ 葵(あおい) • (Aoi) ^(←あふひ (afufi)?) ‖ 葵(まもる) • (Mamoru)
| ‖ Synonym of 葵 (aoi): plant name ‖ For plant names: · アオイ: Any plant in the genera Alcea or Hibiscus: hollyhock, hibiscus • For plant names: · アオイ: Any plant in the Malvaceae family: mallow • For plant names: · アオイ: Synonym of 冬葵 (fuyuaoi, “Chinese mallow, Malva verticillata”) • For plant names: · アオイ: Synonym of 双葉葵 (futabaaoi, “Asarum caulescens”) • (heraldry) A design of mon using the image of Asarum caulescens. • A symbol for the Tokugawa shogunate. • One of the colour schemes used in Japanese traditional garment, with the outer layer in light blue color and the inner layer in light purple color; it is used in the fourth month of the lunar calendar. • (women's speech) soba ‖ a surname • a male or female given name • Aoi (a ward and neighborhood of Shizuoka, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan) • Aoi (neighborhoods in Japan): · The neighborhoods of Naka and Higashi, Nagoya and of Okazaki and Nishio; in Aichi Prefecture. • Aoi (neighborhoods in Japan): · A neighborhood of Okayama, Okayama Prefecture. • Aoi (neighborhoods in Japan): · A neighborhood of Izumisano, Osaka Prefecture. • Aoi (neighborhoods in Japan): · The neighborhoods of Kakegawa and Fukuroi, Shizuoka Prefecture. • Aoi (neighborhoods in Japan): · A neighborhood of Kurayoshi, Tottori Prefecture. • Aoi (neighborhoods in Japan): · A neighborhood of Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi Prefecture. • Aoi (neighborhoods in Japan): · A neighborhood of Wakayama, Wakayama Prefecture. ‖ an unknown-gender given name
|葵 • (gyu) · 葵 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : quỳ • Hán-Nôm : quỳu
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|
|葵
|珮
|-
|-
|蒂
|琊
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːds) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 帝 (OC *teːɡs)
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 邪
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tè
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaa⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : je⁴
|peduncle or stem of plants
|Used in 瑯琊／琅琊 (Lángyá).
|
|(arch.) place in eastern Shandong
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|蒂 • (che) · 蒂 • (che) (hangeul 체)
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|Hán-Nôm : đế
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|蒂
|琊
|-
|-
|蒜
|琥
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloːns) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 祘 (OC *sloːns). \ Matisoff considers this to be derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *swa-n (“garlic”), but more likely this may be a plant imported from the Western Regions in the Qin–Han era. The relatively late attestation and the earlier form of 卵蒜 (luǎnsuàn) attest to the latter theory. \ Compare Sanskrit लशुन (laśuna), Pali lasuṇa, lasuna. The Old Chinese reconstruction was revised to a *-or rhyme in the Baxter–Sagart system, akin to its homophone 算 (“to calculate”). Hence compare Persian سیر (sir, “garlic”), Khotanese sārmā- (“the plant Basella cordifolia or B. lucida or B. rubra”), Hungarian sárma (“Ornithogalum sp.”), as well as Turkish sarımsak, Mongolian саримс (sarims). \ Either way this word is cognate with the second syllable of Burmese ကြက်သွန် (krakswan, “onion”), ကြက်သွန်ဖြူ (krakswanhpru, “garlic”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlaːʔ) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 虎 (OC *qʰlaːʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǹg • Middle-Chinese : swanH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóo • Middle-Chinese : xuX
|garlic
|Only used in 琥珀 (hǔpò, “amber”).
| ‖ 蒜(にんにく) or 蒜(ニンニク) • (ninniku) ‖ 蒜(ひる) • (hiru)
| ‖ garlic ‖ allium
|蒜 • (san) · 蒜 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)
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|jewelled tiger.
|琥 • (ho) · 琥 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)
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|Hán-Nôm : hổ
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|蒜
|琥
|-
|-
|蒲
|琪
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baː) : semantic 艹 (“vegetation”) + phonetic 浦 (OC *pʰaːʔ). ‖ From the vernacular reading of 浮 (pou4).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯ) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 其 (OC *kɯ, *ɡɯ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pôo • Middle-Chinese : bu ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gi
|calamus; cattail • Short for 菖蒲 (chāngpú, “Acorus calamus”). • Short for 香蒲 (“Typha orientalis”). • Short for 蒲葵 (púkuí, “Livistona chinensis”). • Used in 蒲桃 (pútáo). • a surname ‖ (Hong Kong Cantonese) to appear • (Hong Kong Cantonese) to party; to leisure
|a beautiful jade; also connotes flourishing flowers and plants; a metaphor for precious things
| ‖ 蒲(がま) or 蒲(ガマ) • (gama)
|bulrush, reed ‖ common cattail, Typha latifolia
|蒲 • (po) · 蒲 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o, Yale pho)
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|
|canonical : 蒲: Hán Việt readings: bồ 蒲: Hán Nôm readings: bồ • canonical : bù • canonical : mồ
|type of jade
|琪 • (gi) · 琪 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|fine jade
|Hán-Nôm : kì
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|
|蒲
|琪
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|-
|蒼
|琶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːŋ, *sʰaːŋʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”) (STEDT). May be an old dialect variant of 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ, “green; blue”). Also cognate with 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “to live”), 性 (OC *sleŋs, “nature”), 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “surname”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːŋ, *sʰaːŋʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”) (STEDT). May be an old dialect variant of 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ, “green; blue”). Also cognate with 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “to live”), 性 (OC *sleŋs, “nature”), 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “surname”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshang • Middle-Chinese : tshang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong² • Middle-Chinese : tshangX
|blue; green • white; greyish white ‖ Used in 蒼莽／苍莽 (cǎngmǎng, “boundless”).
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|
|blue • green
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pêe • Middle-Chinese : bae
|蒼 (eumhun 푸를 창 (pureul chang))
|Only used in 琵琶. • a kind of method of playing pipa
|green • blue • to grow thick
|Hán-Nôm : thương
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|蒼
|Lute
|-
|琶 • (pa) · 琶 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha)
|蓉
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiûnn • Middle-Chinese : yowng ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴⁻²
|Used in 芙蓉 (fúróng) and 蓯蓉／苁蓉 (cōngróng). • Short for 蓉城 (Róngchéng). • (alt. form 茸) bits and pieces; food (especially lotus) that has been minced, shredded, or ground into a paste, suitable for use as a pastry filling or making a sauce ‖ (Cantonese) wonton noodle
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|蓉 • (yong) · 蓉 • (yong) (hangeul 용, revised yong, McCune–Reischauer yong, Yale yong)
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|Hán-Nôm : dong • Hán-Nôm : rong • Hán-Nôm : dung
|琶
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|蓉
|-
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|蓬
|琺
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːŋ) : semantic 艸 (“vegetation”) + phonetic 逢 (OC *boŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pōng • Middle-Chinese : buwng
|type of raspberry • Korean mugwort (Artemisia princeps) • fleabane • disheveled • flourishing; vigorous • (colloquial) fluffy; soft • Classifier for clumps of items. • a surname
| ‖ 蓬(よもぎ) or 蓬(ヨモギ) • (yomogi)
|artemisia; mugwort, sagebrush, wormwood ‖ mugwort
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|moxa, mugwort, wormwood
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat³
|Hán-Nôm : bồng
|Used in 琺瑯／珐琅 (fàláng). • a surname
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|蓬
|-
|蓮
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *renʔ, *reːn) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 連 (OC *ren). \ Related to 蕑 (OC *kreːn, “lotus seed”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lân • Middle-Chinese : len ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˇ • Middle-Chinese : ljenX
|lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) • (in compounds or archaic) A plant with lotus-like flowers or leaves, or another plant similar to such a plant • (Buddhism) Buddha's world; paradise ‖ Only used in 蓮勺／莲勺 (Liǎnzhuó).
| ‖ 蓮(はちす) • (hachisu) ‖ 蓮(はちす) • (Hachisu) ‖ 蓮(はす) or 蓮(ハス) • (hasu) ‖ 蓮(はす) • (Hasu) ‖ 蓮(れん) • (ren) ‖ 蓮(れん) • (Ren)
|lotus plant or flower, Nelumbo nucifera ‖ older name for hasu below: a lotus plant or flower, Nelumbo nucifera • (Buddhism, particularly Pure Land Buddhism) a lotus bloom in the realm of Sukhāvatī (“Land of Ultimate Bliss”), as an expression of reincarnation • alternate name for 木槿 (mukuge), Hibiscus syriacus: the rose of Sharon, rose mallow, or St. Joseph's rod ‖ the name of various places in Japan • a surname ‖ a lotus plant or flower ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ a lotus plant or flower ‖ a female given name • a surname
|蓮 (eumhun 연꽃 련 (yeonkkot ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 연꽃 연 (yeonkkot yeon))
|hanja form of 련/연 (“lotus”)
|Hán-Nôm : liên
|(only in compounds) lotus
|蓮
|-
|蔓
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moːn, *mons) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 曼 (OC *moːn, *mons). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moːn, *mons) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 曼 (OC *moːn, *mons).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muā • Middle-Chinese : mjonH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bān • Middle-Chinese : man
|vine; creeper • to spread; to extend • a surname ‖ Only used in 蔓菁 (mánjing, “turnip”).
| ‖ 蔓(つる) • (tsuru)
|vine ‖ vine • intermediary • financial supporter
|蔓 • (man) · 蔓 • (man) (hangeul 만, revised man, McCune–Reischauer man, Yale man)
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|琺 • (beop) · 琺 • (beop) (hangeul 법, revised beop, McCune–Reischauer pŏp, Yale pep)
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|蔓 (mạn, mơn)
|蔓
|-
|蔗
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjaːɡs) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 庶 (OC *hljaɡs). \ See 藷蔗／薯蔗 (zhūzhè).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsià • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsà • Middle-Chinese : tsyaeH
|sugar cane
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|sugar cane
|蔗 • (ja) · 蔗 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)
|sugar cane
|Hán-Nôm : giá
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|蔗
|琺
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|蔚
|琿
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quds, *qud) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 尉 (OC *quds, *qud). \ Probably related to 鬱 (OC *qud, “a kind of fragrant herb”) (Unger, 1992). ‖ Cognate with 鬱 (OC *qud, “luxuriant; depressed”), 薈 (OC *qoːbs, “luxuriant”). Compare Thai โอบ (òop, “to cover up; to shut”), อุด (ùt, “to compress; to crowd in together”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Cognate with 鬱 (OC *qud, “luxuriant; depressed”), 薈 (OC *qoːbs, “luxuriant”). Compare Thai โอบ (òop, “to cover up; to shut”), อุด (ùt, “to compress; to crowd in together”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːn) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːn) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai³ • Middle-Chinese : 'jw+jH • Middle-Chinese : 'jut ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uìnn • Middle-Chinese : 'jw+jH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wat¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'jut ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Ut • Middle-Chinese : 'jut
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fai¹ • Middle-Chinese : hwon ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄣˊ
|Artemisia japonica ‖ (literary, of vegetation) exuberant; luxuriant; lush • (literary) grand; magnificent • (literary) ornate; elaborate • (literary, of mist) permeating ‖ Alternative form of 鬱／郁 (yù, “depressed; pent-up”) ‖ a surname • Used in place names.
|Used in 璦琿／瑷珲 (Àihuī). • (literary) beautiful jade ‖ Used in a place name • (literary) beautiful jade
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|蔚 • (ul, wi) · 蔚 • (ul, wi) (hangeul 울, 위, revised ul, wi, McCune–Reischauer ul, wi, Yale wul, wi)
|jewel
|琿 • (heun) · 琿 • (heun) (hangeul 흔, revised heun, McCune–Reischauer hŭn, Yale hun)
|beautiful jade, gem
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|canonical : 蔚: Hán Việt readings: uất • canonical : úy/uý
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|蔚
|琿
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|蔡
|瑁
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlaːds) : semantic 艸 (“vegetation”) + phonetic 祭 (OC *ʔsreːds, *ʔsleds).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *muːɡs, *mɯːɡs, *muːɡ) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 冒 (OC *muːɡs, *mɯːɡ). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshài • Middle-Chinese : tshajH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mawH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mui⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mwojH • Middle-Chinese : mowk
|(obsolete) weed • (obsolete) tortoise used for divination • (～國) (historical) Cai (an ancient Chinese state) • a surname
|jade used by Son of Heaven to be pieced together with feudal lords' ceremonical jade gui (圭) ‖ Only used in 玳瑁 (dàimào, dàimèi).
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|jade used by emperor of China
|瑁 • (mo, mae) · 瑁 • (mo, mae) (hangeul 모, 매, revised mo, mae, McCune–Reischauer mo, mae, Yale mo, may)
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|蔡 (eum 채 (chae)) · 蔡 (eum 살 (sal))
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|Hán-Nôm : Thái
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|蔡
|瑁
|-
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|蕉
|瑕
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsew) : semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 焦 (OC *ʔsew). ‖  ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 蕉 – see 𣟼. \ (This character is a variant form of 𣟼). \ Onomatopoeic.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraː) : semantic 𤣩 + phonetic 叚 (OC *kraːʔ).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : ziu¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsio • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiau • Middle-Chinese : tsjew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ziu¹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâ • Middle-Chinese : hae
|unsoaked hemp • abaca • banana; plantain (any plant in Musaceae, especially the edible fruit) (Classifier: 根 m; 串 m; 把 m; 條／条 c; 隻／只 c; 梳 c; 弓 mn) • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 憔 (qiáo, “haggard”) • Alternative form of 樵 (qiáo, “firewood”) ‖ (Cantonese, onomatopoeia) sound of firing a gun
|flaw; blemish
| ‖ 瑕(か) • (ka) ‖ 瑕(か) • (ka)
| ‖ blemish, flaw ‖ a flaw
|瑕 • (ha) · 瑕 • (ha) (hangeul 하, revised ha, McCune–Reischauer ha, Yale ha)
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|banana • plantain
|Hán-Nôm : hà
|蕉 (eumhun 파초 초 (pacho cho))
|hanja form of 초 (“banana”)
|Hán-Nôm : tiêu
|
|
|蕉
|瑕
|-
|-
|蕊
|瑚
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋljolʔ, *ŋljulʔ) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 惢 (OC *sqʰloːlʔ, *sklol, *sɡlolʔ) \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(d/n)waj (“to hang from; to cling to; creeper”), whence Burmese နွယ် (nwai, “creeper”), Jingpho noi (“to hang”). Possibly related to 垂 (OC *djol, “to hang down”), 朵 (OC *toːlʔ, “hanging from a tree > flower”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jeoi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luí • Middle-Chinese : nyweX • Middle-Chinese : nywijX
|(botany) stamen; gynoecium (reproductive organ of a flower) • flower bud • (Hokkien, Teochew, Taiwanese Hakka) Classifier for flowers and eyes.
|
|
|stamen • pistil
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : hu
|蕊 (eumhun 꽃술 예 (kkotsul ye)) ‖ 蕊 (eumhun 모일 전 (moil jeon))
|Used in 珊瑚 (shānhú)
| ‖
|canonical : 蕊: Hán Việt readings: nhụy • canonical : nhuỵ • canonical : nhị 蕊: Nôm readings: nhụy • canonical : nhị
|
|
|蕊
|-
|蕾
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lé • Middle-Chinese : lwojX
|瑚 (eumhun 산호 호 (sanho ho))
|bud (of a flower)
| ‖ 蕾(つぼみ) • (tsubomi)
| ‖ bud (of a flower)
|蕾 • (roe>noe) · 蕾 • (roe>noe) (hangeul 뢰>뇌, revised roe>noe, McCune–Reischauer roe>noe, Yale loy>noy)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lôi • Hán-Nôm : lỗi
|Hán-Nôm : hô • Hán-Nôm : hồ
|
|
|蕾
|瑚
|-
|-
|薇
|瑛
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrɯl, *mɯl) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 微 (OC *mɯl).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Middle-Chinese : mij • Middle-Chinese : mj+j
|Osmunda regalis, a species of fern (also known as royal fern or flowering fern) • Used in 薔薇／蔷薇 (qiángwēi, “multiflora rose”).
| ‖ 薇(ぜんまい) or 薇(ゼンマイ) • (zenmai)
| ‖ Japanese flowering fern (Osmunda japonica), of which the young fiddleheads are edible
|薇 (eumhun 장미 미 (jangmi mi)) · 薇 (eumhun 고비 미 (gobi mi))
|hanja form of 미 (“rose”) • hanja form of 미 (“Osmunda japonica”)
|Hán-Nôm : vi
|
|
|薇
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing • Middle-Chinese : 'jaeng
|-
|(literary) luster of jade • (literary) beautiful jade; jade-like stone • Alternative form of 英 (yīng, “outstanding figure”)
|薯
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsî • Middle-Chinese : dzyoH
|(originally) Only used in 薯蕷／薯蓣 (shǔyù, “Chinese yam”). • General name for crops such as potato, sweet potato and yam.
|
|
|瑛 (eum 영 (yeong))
|
|
|薯 • (seo) · 薯 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)
|Hán-Nôm : anh
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thự
|瑛
|
|薯
|-
|-
|藉
|瑜
| ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lo) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze³ • Middle-Chinese : dzjaeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dzjek
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû • Middle-Chinese : yu
|(obsolete) straw mat used to offer sacrifices • (literary) pad; mat • (literary) to spread; to lay out (a mat) • (archaic) to sit on; to lay on (a mat) • (alt. form 借) to rely on; to depend on; to lean on; by means of • (alt. form 借) to use as a pretext • (literary) even if ‖ numerous and disorderly • ^† to pay tribute • ^† Alternative form of 籍 (jí, “tax”) • ^† to tie using a rope • ^† to care for; to treasure • ^† Alternative form of 籍 (jí, “to record”) • ^† Alternative form of 籍 (jí, “to confiscate”) • a surname
|^⁜ fine jade • ^⁜ luster of gems • Used in transcription of Sanskrit terms. • Used in personal names.
|
|
|numerous and disorderly • to pay tribute • to borrow
|藉 • (ja, jeok) · 藉 • (ja, jeok) (hangeul 자, 적, revised ja, jeok, McCune–Reischauer cha, chŏk, Yale ca, cek)
|
|
|canonical : 藉: Hán Việt readings: tạ • canonical : tịch • canonical : tá 藉: Nôm readings: tạ • canonical : tã • canonical : chạ
|瑜 (eumhun 아름다운 옥 유 (areumdaun ok yu))
|beautiful jade
|Hán-Nôm : du
|
|
|藉
|瑜
|-
|-
|藍
|瑣
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːm) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ram (“indigo”); cognate with Lepcha ᰛᰤᰨᰮ (ryom), Mru [script needed] (charam), Tibetan རམས (rams, “indigo”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019). However, Laufer (1916) considers the Tibetan word to be borrowed from Chinese. \ Schuessler (2007) considers this an areal word, possibly from Southeast Asia; cf. Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀum (“indigo plant and dye”) (> Malay tarum).
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâm • Middle-Chinese : lam
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : só • Middle-Chinese : swaX
|blue • indigo plant (Indigofera tinctoria) • (politics) related to the pro-unification pan-Blue coalition of Taiwan • (HK politics) supportive of the Hong Kong Police Force and the Hong Kong government • (literary) Short for 伽藍／伽蓝 (qiélán, “Buddhist temple”). • a surname: Lan
|petty; trivial; insignificant • low; base • Original form of 鎖／锁 (suǒ, “chain; lock”). • chain-like pattern • ^‡ sound of jade; fragments of jade • a surname
| ‖ 藍(あい) or 藍(アイ) • (ai) ^(←あゐ (awi) or アヰ (awi)?) ‖ 藍(あい) • (Ai) ^(←あゐ (awi)?)
|the Japanese indigo or Chinese indigo plant, Persicaria tinctoria • the color indigo • kanji used to transliterate Buddhist terms borrowed from Sanskrit ‖ the Japanese indigo or Chinese indigo plant, Persicaria tinctoria • the color indigo, from the dye processed from the stems and leaves of various indigo plants • Short for 藍蝋 (airō): indigo pigment made from boiled-down indigo dye liquid ‖ a female given name • a surname
|藍 • (ram>nam) · 藍 • (ram>nam) (hangeul 람>남, McCune–Reischauer ram>nam, Yale lam>nam) ‖  ‖
| ‖  ‖
|Hán-Nôm : lam • Hán-Nôm : chàm • Hán-Nôm : rôm • Hán-Nôm : rườm • Hán-Nôm : trôm • Hán-Nôm : xám
|
|
|藍
|-
|藕
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋoːʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 耦 (OC *ŋoːʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngǎu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngóo • Middle-Chinese : nguwX
|(lotus) root • a surname
|
|
|lotus • lotus root • arrowroot
|瑣 • (swae) · 瑣 • (swae) (hangeul 쇄, revised swae, McCune–Reischauer swae, Yale sway)
|藕 • (u) · 藕 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u, Yale wu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ngó • Hán-Nôm : ngẫu
|Hán-Nôm : tỏa • Hán-Nôm : toả
|
|
|藕
|瑣
|-
|-
|藝
|瑤
|Originally written as 埶 (OC *ŋeds). The 艸 (“grass; plant”) and 云 were added later.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guē • Middle-Chinese : ngjiejH
|art • skill; talent • (literary) limit; bound; norm • (literary) to plant; to grow
|
|
|technique, art, craft, performance
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâu • Middle-Chinese : yew
|藝 (eumhun 재주 예 (jaeju ye))
|(literary) precious jade • (literary) fine; precious • (～族) Yao people
|hanja form of 예 (“art, craft, technique, performance”)
|canonical : 藝: Hán Việt readings: nghệ • canonical : vân 藝: Nôm readings: nghế • canonical : vân • canonical : nghề • canonical : nghệ ‖ romanization : nghệ ‖ romanization : nghề
| ‖ chữ Hán form of nghệ (“occupation, employment, trade, profession”). ‖ Nôm form of nghề (“trade; profession”).
|藝
|-
|藥
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lawɢ) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 樂 (OC *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ). \ According to Schuessler (2007), either: \ * related to Mizo hlo (“a weed, drug, medicine”), or \ * cognate to 療 (OC *rews, “to treat, to cure”), thus beloning to the same word family as 瀹 (OC *lowɢ), 爍 (OC *qʰljawɢ). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Middle-Chinese : yak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄛˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩㄝˋ
|medicine; drug; pharmaceutical • substance used for a particular purpose (e.g. poisoning, fermenting, explosion) • Short for 芍藥／芍药 (sháoyao). • to treat; to cure • to poison • a surname ‖ Only used in 灼藥／灼药 (zhuóshuò). ‖ Only used in 勺藥／勺药 (zhuólüè).
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 薬: a medicine, a drug.
|beautiful (as a jewel)
|藥 (eumhun 약 약 (yak yak))
|瑤 • (yo) · 瑤 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
|hanja form of 약 (“medicine; drug”)
|canonical : 藥: Hán Việt readings: dược 藥: Nôm readings: dược • canonical : thuốc
|
|
|藥
|canonical : 瑤: Hán Việt readings: dao
|-
|藩
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pan, *ban) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 潘 (OC *pʰaːn) ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuan • Middle-Chinese : pjon ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ • Middle-Chinese : bjon
|fence • (literary) boundary; border • vassal state • a surname ‖
| ‖ 藩(はん) • (-han)
| ‖ fiefdom, domain
|藩 • (beon) · 藩 • (beon) (hangeul 번, revised beon, McCune–Reischauer pŏn, Yale pen)
|fence, hedge • margin, boundary, border • marquisate • defence
|Hán-Nôm : phiên • Hán-Nôm : phen • Hán-Nôm : phiền • Hán-Nôm : phồn • Hán-Nôm : phên
|
|
|藩
|瑤
|-
|-
|蘇
|瑩
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋaː) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 穌 (OC *sŋaː). \ ; Cantonese "socket"
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷreŋ, *qʷeːŋs) : abbreviated phonetic 熒 (OC *ɡʷeːŋ) + semantic 玉 (“jade”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : soo • Middle-Chinese : su
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng • Middle-Chinese : hjwaeng • Middle-Chinese : 'engH
|perilla (Perilla frutescens) • firewood • to reap grass • to take; to get • tassel • (Cantonese) socket • Short for 江蘇／江苏 (Jiāngsū, “Jiangsu Province”). • Short for 蘇州／苏州 (Sūzhōu, “Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province”). • Short for 蘇維埃／苏维埃 (sūwéi'āi, “soviet”). • Short for 蘇聯／苏联 (Sūlián, “Soviet Union”). • Short for 蘇格蘭／苏格兰 (Sūgélán, “Scotland”). • Alternative form of 甦／苏 (sū, “to revive; to regain consciousness”) • a surname
|lustrous and transparent • (literary) jade-like stone • (literary) luster of gems • (literary) to polish; to adorn
| ‖ 蘇(そ) • (so) ‖ 蘇(そ) • (So)
|be resurrected, revived • perilla, shiso • kanji used to transliterate borrowings from foreign languages • Soviet Union ‖ Alternative spelling of 酥 (so): condensed milk ‖ a surname
|蘇 • (so) · 蘇 • (so) (hangeul 소)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tô • Hán-Nôm : to • Hán-Nôm : su • Hán-Nôm : tua
|clear
|瑩 (eum 영 (yeong))
|lustre of gems • bright, lustrous
|Hán-Nôm : oánh • Hán-Nôm : oành
|
|
|蘇
|瑩
|-
|-
|蘑
|瑪
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mraːʔ) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bée • Hokkien · Tai-lo : má • Middle-Chinese : maeX
|Used in 瑪瑙／玛瑙 (mǎnǎo). • a surname • Used in transcription.
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : môo
|agate • onyx
|type of edible mushroom
|瑪 • (ma) · 瑪 • (ma) (hangeul 마, revised ma, McCune–Reischauer ma, Yale ma)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : mã • Hán-Nôm : mẽ
|
|
|瑪
|-
|瑯
|Characters in the same phonetic series (良) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːŋ) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 郎 (OC *raːŋ)
|Hokkien · Tai-lo : long • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ma
|precious stone
|瑯 • (rang>nang) · 瑯 • (rang>nang) (hangeul 랑>낭, revised rang>nang, McCune–Reischauer rang>nang, Yale lang>nang)
|
|
|蘑
|Hán-Nôm : lang
|
|瑯
|-
|-
|蘭
|璋
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːn) : semantic 艹 (“plant”) + phonetic 闌 (OC *ɡ·raːn).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lân • Middle-Chinese : lan
|orchid, especially cymbidium • Eupatorium fortunei • (in compounds) A plant that is fragrant or shares morphological similarities with orchids or Eupatorium fortunei • elegant; graceful • Short for 蘭州／兰州 (Lánzhōu, “Lanzhou”). • a surname • Used in transcription. Often used for -land in foreign place names.
| ‖ 蘭(らん) or 蘭(ラン) • (ran) ‖ 蘭(らん) • (Ran) ‖ 蘭(らに) • (rani) ‖ 蘭(あららぎ) or 蘭(アララギ) • (araragi) ‖ 蘭(あららぎ) • (Araragi)
|Eupatorium fortunei • orchid • aromatic, fragrant • government office that handles documents • kanji used to transliterate borrowings from foreign languages, especially Buddhist terms from Sanskrit • Short for 阿蘭陀, 和蘭, 和蘭陀 (Oranda): Holland, the Netherlands ‖ an orchid • a style of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”), featuring designs of orchid flowers and/or leaves • (archaic) Synonym of 藤袴 (fujibakama): Eupatorium fortunei, a type of flower of the family Asteraceae ‖ Short for 阿蘭陀, 和蘭, 和蘭陀 (Oranda): Holland, the Netherlands, Dutch • a female given name • a surname ‖ (archaic) Synonym of 藤袴 (fujibakama): Eupatorium fortunei, a type of flower of the family Asteraceae ‖ Synonym of 一位 (ichii): Taxus cuspidata, the Japanese yew • (archaic) Synonym of 野蒜 (nobiru): Allium macrostemon, a species of wild onion ‖ a surname
|蘭 (eumhun 란초 란 (rancho ran), word-initial (South Korea) 란초 난 (rancho nan)) · 蘭 (eumhun 난초 란 (nancho ran), word-initial (South Korea) 난초 난 (nancho nan))
|hanja form of 란 (“orchid”) • hanja form of 난 (“orchid (South Korea)”)
|Hán-Nôm : lan • Hán-Nôm : lơn
|
|
|蘭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsyang
|-
|a small jade ornament that can be hung at the waist or on other items such as fans, swords, or even lanterns • jade plaything
|處
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰljaʔ, *kʰljas) : phonetic 虍 (OC *qʰaː) + semantic 夂 + semantic 几 (“table”). \ In Starostin, this is reconstructed as *thaʔ in Old Chinese and subsumed under Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dhăH (/*thăH) (“to put; to place”), whence also 署 (OC *djas, “to place; to position”), Tibetan གདའ (gda', “to be; to be there”), གདན (gdan, “seat; residence”) and Burmese ထား (hta:, “to put; to place”). \ With the original *–l– initial, compare Proto-Tamangic *ᴮglaː/ᴬglaː (“place”), Mizo tla, tlat (“to be; to exist; to live; to remain”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ 居 (OC *kɯ, *kas) may be related (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰljaʔ, *kʰljas) : phonetic 虍 (OC *qʰaː) + semantic 夂 + semantic 几 (“table”). \ In Starostin, this is reconstructed as *thaʔ in Old Chinese and subsumed under Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dhăH (/*thăH) (“to put; to place”), whence also 署 (OC *djas, “to place; to position”), Tibetan གདའ (gda', “to be; to be there”), གདན (gdan, “seat; residence”) and Burmese ထား (hta:, “to put; to place”). \ With the original *–l– initial, compare Proto-Tamangic *ᴮglaː/ᴬglaː (“place”), Mizo tla, tlat (“to be; to exist; to live; to remain”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ 居 (OC *kɯ, *kas) may be related (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshì • Middle-Chinese : tsyhoX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshì • Middle-Chinese : tsyhoH
|to reside; to live; to dwell • to be situated in; to be in • staying at home; not assuming a government position, or not married • virginity; chastity • to manage; to deal with • to punish; to discipline • to get along with • (obsolete) to stop; to disappear; to cease • a surname ‖ place; location; spot • part; aspect; respect • department; office • Classifier for locations or items of damage. • (Cantonese, slightly dated) here
|
|
|place • locale • department
|處 • (cheo) · 處 • (cheo) (hangeul 처, revised cheo, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏ, Yale che)
|place • locate • stop
|Hán-Nôm : xử • Hán-Nôm : xớ • Hán-Nôm : xở • Hán-Nôm : xứ
|
|
|處
|璋 • (jang) · 璋 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
|-
|虛
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰa, *qʰa) : phonetic 虍 (OC *qʰaː) + semantic 丘 (“hill”). The lower component retains the shape of 丠, the ancient form of 丘.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi • Middle-Chinese : xjo • Middle-Chinese : khjo
|empty; hollow • false; worthless; vain • (astronomy) Emptiness, a Chinese constellation near Aquarius and Equuleus
|
|
|emptiness, void • falsehood, lie
|虛 • (heo) · 虛 • (heo) (hangeul 허, revised heo, McCune–Reischauer hŏ, Yale he)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hư
|
|
|虛
|璋
|-
|-
|虜
|璜
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaːŋ) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwang
|(historical) semi-circular jade pendant used for ritual and ornamental purposes • Used in 璜璜.
|
|jade ornament semicircular in shape
|璜 • (hwang) · 璜 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
|a semicircular jade ornament used as a pendant
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Middle-Chinese : luX
|to capture; to imprison • to plunder; to rob • captive; prisoner of war • (literary, derogatory) enemy • (literary, derogatory) northern barbarian • (literary) slave; servant
| ‖ 虜(とりこ) • (toriko)
| ‖ prisoner, captive, slave
|虜 (eumhun 사로잡을 로 (sarojabeul ro), word-initial (South Korea) 사로잡을 노 (sarojabeul no))
|hanja form of 로/노 (“to capture”)
|canonical : 虜: Hán Việt readings: lỗ 虜: Nôm readings: lũ
|
|
|虜
|璜
|-
|-
|虞
|璣
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋʷa) : semantic 虍 (“tiger”) + phonetic 吳 (OC *ŋʷaː).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯl) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 幾 (OC *kɯl, *kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl, *ɡɯls).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gû • Middle-Chinese : ngju
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Middle-Chinese : kj+j
|(obsolete) zouyu, an ancient legendary creature, also known as 騶虞／驺虞 (zōuyú) • (historical) an ancient officer in charge of managing forests and hunting grounds • (literary) to predict; to guess; to foresee • (literary) to be concerned about; to worry • (literary) to deceive; to fool; to cheat • Alternative form of 娛／娱 (“enjoyment; pleasure”) • a legendary ancient Chinese dynasty that could have existed prior to the Xia dynasty, founded by Shun • an ancient state during the Western Zhou and the Spring and Autumn period, located in modern-day Pinglu County, Shanxi • (～日) (telegraphy) the seventh day of a month • a surname
|imperfect pearl • (historical) an ancient astronomical instrument
| ‖ 虞(ぐ) • (Gu)
|
|to worry, to fear ‖ Yu (a legendary ancient Chinese dynasty, founded by Shun) • A surname in Chinese
|虞 (eumhun 염려할 우 (yeomnyeohal u))
|hanja form of 우 (“to worry”)
|Hán-Nôm : ngu
|
|
|虞
|璣 • (gi) · 璣 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|-
|號
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦlaːw, *ɦlaːws) : phonetic 号 (OC *ɦlaːws) + semantic 虎. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)aw (“to call”) (Schuessler, 2007, STEDT). Compare Kinnauri ku, Anong go, and Burmese ခေါ် (hkau). The extension of the meaning ‘shout, call’ to ‘ask, request’ is parallel to 呼 (hū). \ Pronunciation 1 is the exopassive derivation of pronunciation 2, literally "what is called". ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦlaːw, *ɦlaːws) : phonetic 号 (OC *ɦlaːws) + semantic 虎. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)aw (“to call”) (Schuessler, 2007, STEDT). Compare Kinnauri ku, Anong go, and Burmese ခေါ် (hkau). The extension of the meaning ‘shout, call’ to ‘ask, request’ is parallel to 呼 (hū). \ Pronunciation 1 is the exopassive derivation of pronunciation 2, literally "what is called".
|Cantonese · Jyutping : hou⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kō • Middle-Chinese : hawH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : âu • Middle-Chinese : haw
|name; alias • (specifically) art name • to order; to command • shop; store • mark; symbol • number • day of the month • (music) brass instrument • (typography) hao • (Internet) account • (Central Plains and Lanyin Mandarin, Sichuanese) to correct; to mark (school work) ‖ to shout; to bawl; to cry loudly • (of animal) to roar • to cry (to shed a tear) (loudly) • (of wind) to howl; to roar
| ‖ 號(ごう) • (-gō)
| ‖ ordinal marker
|號 (eumhun 이름 호 (ireum ho)) ‖ 號 (eumhun 부르짖을 호 (bureujijeul ho))
|hanja form of 호 (“name; alias”) • hanja form of 호 (“order; command”) • hanja form of 호 (“number”) • hanja form of 호 (“mark; symbol”) • hanja form of 호 (“art name”) ‖ hanja form of 호 (“shout; cry”)
|Hán-Nôm : hào • Hán-Nôm : hiệu • Hán-Nôm : hiều
|
|
|號
|-
|蚌
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pǎng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pāng • Middle-Chinese : baewngX
|common name for some bivalve molluscs • (obsolete) pearl • Short for 蚌埠 (Bèngbù, “Bengbu”).
|
|
|璣
|-
|璦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯːds) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 愛 (OC *qɯːds).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi³ • Middle-Chinese : 'ojH
|fine quality jade
|
|
|蚌 • (bang) · 蚌 • (bang) (hangeul 방, revised bang, McCune–Reischauer pang, Yale pang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bạng
|
|
|蚌
|-
|蚓
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *linʔ) : semantic 虫 (“insect; worm”) + phonetic 引 (OC *linʔ, *lins). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *zril (“worm”); cognate with Tibetan སྲིལ (sril, “silkworm”), Japhug qandʐe (“earthworm”) (STEDT; Paul, 1972; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ín • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kín • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lún • Middle-Chinese : yinX
|(biology or in fossilized compounds or dialectal) earthworm
|
|
|earthworm
|蚓 • (in) · 蚓 • (in) (hangeul 인, revised in, McCune–Reischauer in, Yale in)
|(지렁이) earthworm, rainworm
|
|
|
|
|蚓
|璦
|-
|-
|蚣
|瓊
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kloːŋ, *kljoŋ) : semantic 虫 (“insect; creature”) + phonetic 公 (OC *kloːŋ). ‖  
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷeŋ) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 夐 (OC *qʰʷeːns, *qʰʷeŋs). ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 瓊 – see 璿. \ (This character is a variant form of 璿). \ Borrowed from English June.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kong • Middle-Chinese : kuwng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥ • Middle-Chinese : tsyowng
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiông • Middle-Chinese : gjwieng ‖  
|Only used in 蜈蚣 (wúgōng) and its regional synonyms. ‖ Used in compounds.
|(literary) fine jade (particularly red jade) • (literary) elegant; exquisite; beautiful • (abbreviation) Hainan • a surname ‖ A transliteration of the English female given name June
|
|
|centipede • grasshopper
|蚣 • (gong) · 蚣 • (gong) (hangeul 공, revised gong, McCune–Reischauer kong, Yale kong)
|
|
|瓊 • (gyeong) · 瓊 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : quỳnh • Hán-Nôm : quạnh • Hán-Nôm : quầng • Hán-Nôm : quýnh • Hán-Nôm : quành • Hán-Nôm : quềnh • Hán-Nôm : lương
|
|
|蚣
|瓊
|-
|-
|蚤
|瓏
|Characters in the same phonetic series (蚤) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 虫 (“insect”) + 㕚 (“claw”) – a scratching insect/pest.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ, “dragon”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zou² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsáu • Middle-Chinese : tsawX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : long • Middle-Chinese : luwng
|flea • Alternative form of 早
|a kind of jade that is for requesting rain and has the figure of a Chinese dragon on it
|
|
|clarity • sound of jewels
|瓏 • (rong>nong) · 瓏 • (rong>nong) (hangeul 롱>농, revised rong>nong, McCune–Reischauer rong>nong, Yale long>nong)
|
|
|蚤 (eum 조 (jo))
|Hán-Nôm : lung • Hán-Nôm : long
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tao
|瓏
|
|蚤
|-
|-
|蚪
|瓠
| ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁶ • Middle-Chinese : huH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wok⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ
|calabash gourd ‖ (obsolete) Used in 瓠蘆／瓠芦, alternative form of 葫蘆／葫芦 (húlu, “bottle gourd; calabash”) • (obsolete) container made of a large old bottle gourd • (obsolete) Alternative form of 壺／壶 (hú, “jar; jog”) • (Taiwanese Hakka) bottle gourd; calabash ‖ (obsolete) Only used in 瓠落 (“vast; spacious; frustrated”). ‖ Only used in 瓠讘／瓠𰵹 (“a county during the Han dynasty”).
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : tuwX
|gourd
|Used in 蝌蚪 (kēdǒu).
|瓠 • (ho) · 瓠 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)
|
|
|
|
|蚪 • (du) · 蚪 • (du) (hangeul 두, revised du, McCune–Reischauer tu, Yale twu)
|
|
|瓠
|-
|甄
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ken, *kin) : phonetic 垔 (OC *qin) + semantic 瓦.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsin • Middle-Chinese : tsyin • Middle-Chinese : kjien
|to make pottery • potter's wheel • to examine; to distinguish; to select the best • a surname
| ‖ 甄(けん) • (ken) ‖ 甄(けん) • (Ken)
|ceramic, porcelain • distinction; to distinguish • clear, distinct ‖ porcelain, ceramic ‖ a surname
|甄 • (gyeon, jin) · 甄 • (gyeon, jin) (hangeul 견, 진, revised gyeon, jin, McCune–Reischauer kyŏn, chin, Yale kyen, cin)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : chân • Hán-Nôm : nhân
|
|
|蚪
|甄
|-
|-
|蚯
|甌
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoː) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo, “vessel”) + semantic 瓦 (“pottery”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔəw-ŋ (“pot; vat; jar”) (reconstructed provisionally). Related to 碗 (OC *qoːnʔ, “bowl”) and possibly 甕 (OC *qoːŋs, “urn”). Compare Burmese အိုး (ui:, “pot”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : au¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : au • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io • Middle-Chinese : 'uw
|small bowl; small cup; small tray • Abbreviation of 溫州／温州 (Wēnzhōu): Wenzhou (a prefecture-level city in Zhejiang, in southeastern China) • a surname • (Penang Hokkien) cup • (Penang Hokkien) classifier for cups of drinks
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiu • Middle-Chinese : khjuw
|small jar • jug
|Only used in 蚯蚓 (qiūyǐn, “earthworm”).
|甌 (eum 구 (gu))
|bowl, cup • small tray
|Hán-Nôm : âu
|
|
|earthworm
|甌
|蚯 • (gu) · 蚯 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|-
|(지렁이) earthworm, rainworm
|甕
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoːŋs) : phonetic 雍 (OC *qoŋ, *qoŋs) + semantic 瓦 (“earthenware”). \ Probably Sino-Tibetan (Unger, 1999; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔəw-ŋ (“pot; vat; jar”) provisionally. \ Within Chinese, compare 甌 (OC *qoː, “small bowl; small cup”), 碗 (OC *qoːnʔ, “bowl”), 罌 (OC *qreːŋ, “earthen jar”), 盎 (OC *qaːŋʔ, *qaːŋs, “earthen jar”), 癰 (OC *qoŋ, “carbuncle; ulcer”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). \ Also compare Tibetan གཞོང (gzhong, “basin; tub; bowl”), Lepcha ᰈᰨᰵᰕᰨ (joŋ-mo, “bucket, tub”), Proto-Loloish *ʔ-loŋ² (“pot”) (Unger, 1999).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : ung³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : àng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : òng • Middle-Chinese : 'uwngH
|urn; pottery jar • a surname
| ‖ 甕(かめ) • (kame) ‖ 甕(みか) • (mika) ‖ 甕(みかわ) • (mikawa) ‖ 甕(もたい) • (motai) ^(←もたひ (motafi)?) ‖ 甕(たしらか) • (tashiraka)
|jug, cistern ‖ earthenware pot ‖ large earthenware pot for brewing sake ‖ large earthenware pot for brewing sake ‖ earthenware vessel for sake, etc ‖ earthenware vessel used by the emperor to clean his hands
|甕 • (ong) · 甕 • (ong) (hangeul 옹, revised ong, McCune–Reischauer ong, Yale ong)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : úng • Hán-Nôm : ống • Hán-Nôm : ổng
|
|
|蚯
|甕
|-
|-
|蛀
|甦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjos) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 主 (OC *tjoʔ).
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : from 更生 (“to be reborn”). \ From *s- (“causative prefix”) + a root **ŋˤa, the latter found in 寤 (OC *ŋˤa-s, “to awake”), 悟 (OC *ŋˤa-s, “to awake; to realize”) (Baxter and Sagart, 2014; Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, Zhang, Jacques, and Lai (2019) compare it to Japhug sŋa (“to come to oneself”), Cogtse Situ [Term?] (kə-mə-sŋâr, “to feel cold”), Brag-bar Situ [Term?] (kə-mə-sŋiɛ̂r, “to come to oneself”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiù • Middle-Chinese : tsyuH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : soo • Middle-Chinese : su
|insect that eats through paper, clothes, wood, grains etc. (e.g. moth, silverfish, etc.) • (of insects) to eat through
|(literary) to revive; to resuscitate; to regain consciousness
|
|
|
|
|蛀 • (ju) · 蛀 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)
|甦 (eum 소 (so))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tô
|
|
|
|甦
|蛀
|-
|-
|蛋
|甬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːns) : phonetic 延 (OC *lan, *lans) + semantic 虫 (“snake, insect”). 延 is abbreviated to 疋. \ From 彈 (MC danH, “pellet”) (Zhengzhang, 2003). ‖
|Characters in the same phonetic series (用) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a bell. In the bronze inscription, the lower part evolved into 用 (OC *loŋs), which serves as a phonetic component.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tān ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuann
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng • Middle-Chinese : yowngX
|egg (Classifier: 顆／颗 m; 隻／只 c) • egg-shaped object • (slang) ball; testicle • suffix denoting “person of certain characteristics”, usually with a pejorative tone • (Hong Kong Cantonese) zero score; goose egg • Alternative form of 蜑 (dàn) ‖ (Southern Min) unlaid egg of a fowl
|handle of a bell • path screened by walls on both sides • An ancient name for Ningbo, a city in Zhejiang province • The Yong River in Ningbo
|
|(uncommon) an egg
|蛋 • (dan) · 蛋 • (dan) (hangeul 단)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đản
|road with walls on both sides
|
|
|蛋
|-
|蛙
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʷraː, *qʷreː) : semantic 虫 (“insect; creature”) + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː). \ Onomatopoeic (Sagart and Ma, 2020). Also compare Proto-Tai *krweːᴬ (“small frog”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua • Middle-Chinese : 'wea • Middle-Chinese : 'wae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ
|frog • (swimming) Short for 蛙泳 (wāyǒng, “breaststroke”). ‖ Only used in 蝭蛙.
| ‖ 蛙(かえる) or 蛙(カエル) • (kaeru) ^(←かへる (kaferu)?) ‖ 蛙(かわず) • (kawazu) ^(←かはづ (kafadu)?) ‖ 蛙(かいる) • (kairu) ‖ 蛙(あ) • (a)
| ‖ a frog (amphibious animal) ‖ (poetic) a frog (amphibious animal) • (Noh theater) a specific mask used in certain Noh plays, depicting a drowned person ‖ (archaic, possibly obsolete) a frog (amphibious animal) ‖ frog (amphibious animal)
|蛙 • (wa, wae) · 蛙 • (wa, wae) (hangeul 와, 왜, revised wa, wae, McCune–Reischauer wa, wae, Yale wa, way)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : oa
|Hán-Nôm : dũng
|
|
|蛙
|甬
|-
|-
|蛛
|甭
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *to) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 朱 (OC *tjo). Originally a pictogram (象形) of a spider. Later, 朱 was added to the pictograph to indicate sound. In small seal script, the character became written as the characters 鼄／𬹣 and 蛛.
|From a northern dialectal pronunciation of 不用. ‖ Contraction of 毋通 (m̄-thang). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Middle-Chinese : trju
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bung² ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : bang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mang ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : mài
|Used in 蜘蛛 (zhīzhū, “spider”); also used as its short form.
|(dialectal Mandarin) Contraction of 不用 (“needn't”). • (Beijing Mandarin) Indicates a rhetorical question: could it be that...; is it possible that... ‖ (Hokkien) do not; don't; cannot ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 莫 (mài, “do not”)
|
|
|spider
|蛛 • (ju) · 蛛 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)
|spider
|Hán-Nôm : chu • Hán-Nôm : châu • Hán-Nôm : chẫu • Hán-Nôm : thù
|spider
|蛛
|-
|蛤
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuːb) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb). \ Cognate with 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to be together”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖  ‖ From Hokkien 哈 (hâⁿ) or 唅 (hahⁿ). ‖ Compare Proto-Tai *kɤpᴰ (“frog”), whence Thai กบ (gòp), Lao ກົບ (kop), Zhuang goep, Shan ၵူပ်း (kúup), Ahom 𑜀𑜤𑜆𑜫 (kup).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kap • Middle-Chinese : kop ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˊ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : gap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gap¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kap
|clam ‖ Only used in 蛤蟆 (háma); also used as its short form. frog; toad • (Mainland China, Internet slang) Nickname of Jiang Zemin in Moha culture. • (Mainland China, Internet slang) Alternative form of 哈 (“ha; huh”) (especially used in Moha culture.) ‖ (Taiwan, chiefly Internet) Used to indicate doubt or questioning. what?, huh?, eh ‖ (dialectal) frog
| ‖ 蛤(はまぐり) or 蛤(ハマグリ) • (hamaguri)
| ‖ clam
|蛤 • (hap) · 蛤 • (hap) (hangeul 합, revised hap, McCune–Reischauer hap, Yale hap)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cáp
|
|
|蛤
|-
|蛾
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl, *ŋralʔ) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngo⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍h • Middle-Chinese : nga
|moth (insect of the order Lepidoptera) • Short for 蛾眉 (éméi). • a surname
| ‖ 蛾(が) or 蛾(ガ) • (ga)
| ‖ a moth (insect similar to a butterfly)
|蛾 • (a) · 蛾 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a, Yale a)
|moth
|canonical : 蛾: Hán Việt readings: nga 蛾: Nôm readings: ngài
|Alternative form of 𧍋 (“Nôm form of ngài (“moth”).”)
|蛾
|-
|蜀
|Shuowen Jiezi interprets this as a pictograph of a silkworm: with 目 (mù, “eye”) depicting its head above its wriggling body; cf. 蠶叢／蚕丛 (“silkworm-thicket”), legendary inventor of silk and sericulture and ancestor of the first dynasty of the Shu kings. ‖ Compare 獨／独 (dú, “single, alone”). According to Fangyan, it is used in the ancient Chu language (楚語): \ : \ 一，蜀也。南楚謂之蜀。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]一，蜀也。南楚谓之蜀。 [Classical Chinese, simp.] \ From: Yang Xiong, Fangyan, c. 1ˢᵗ century BCE \ Yī, shǔ yě. Nánchǔ wèi zhī shǔ. [Pinyin] \ 一 is 蜀. People from Southern Chu call it 蜀.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : suk⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍k • Middle-Chinese : dzyowk ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsi̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tse̍t
|(～國) the name of a state in ancient China • another name for Shu Han, one of Three Kingdoms • Sichuan (a province of China) • ^‡ silkworm on hollyhock • ^† Alternative form of 蠋 (zhú, “caterpillar”) ‖ (Min) Alternative form of 一 (“one”)
| ‖ 蜀(しょく) • (Shoku) ^(←しよく (syoku)?)
|green caterpillar • Sichuan ‖ Shu (a former state and former dynasty in ancient China)
|蜀 (eumhun 나라 이름 촉 (nara ireum chok))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : xọc • Hán-Nôm : thục
|Hán-Nôm : bằng
|
|
|蜀
|甭
|-
|-
|蜈
|画
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋʷaː) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 吳 (OC *ŋʷaː).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gôo • Middle-Chinese : ngu
|Only used in 蜈蚣 (wúgōng, “centipede”).
|
|
|
|
|蜈 • (o) · 蜈 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o)
|
|
| ‖ 画(が) • (ga) ‖ 画(が) • (-ga) ‖ 画(かく) • (kaku) ‖ 画(かく) • (kaku) ‖ 画(かく) • (-kaku)
| ‖ picture, drawing, painting • movie, film, video ‖ genre or style of painting ‖ delimiter, demarcation, stopping point • plan, strategy ‖ stroke (the individual lines and dots that comprise a kanji character) • a line in the divinatory trigrams of the I Ching: "—" (陽) and "- -" (陰) ‖ number of strokes in a kanji
|画 (eumhun 그림 화 (geurim hwa)) ‖ 画 (eumhun 그을 획 (geueul hoek))
|Alternative form of 畫 ‖ Alternative form of 畫
|
|
|
|
|蜈
|画
|-
|-
|蜓
|畚
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ting⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîng • Middle-Chinese : denX • Middle-Chinese : deng • Middle-Chinese : dengX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phún • Middle-Chinese : pwonX
|Used in compounds.
|bamboo or wicker scoop; basket • dustpan • (dialectal) to scoop up with a dustpan
|
|
|
|
|畚 • (bun) · 畚 • (bun) (hangeul 분, revised bun, McCune–Reischauer pun, Yale pun)
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đình
|
|
|蜓
|畚
|-
|-
|蜘
|畦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *te) : semantic 虫 (“insect; insect-like creature”) + phonetic 知 (OC *ʔl'e). Originally 鼅 (OC *te), which was originally 䵹.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷeː) : semantic 田 + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti • Middle-Chinese : trje
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : hwej
|Used in 蜘蛛 (zhīzhū, “spider”).
|(obsolete) A unit of surface area, equal to 25 or 50 mu (畝／亩 (mǔ)) • ridge-bordered rectangular section of land in a field • (obsolete) to divide a field into sections and cultivate
|
|
|spider
|rice paddy ridge • furrow • rib
|蜘 • (ji) · 蜘 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci)
|畦 • (hyu) · 畦 • (hyu) (hangeul 휴, revised hyu, McCune–Reischauer hyu, Yale hyu)
|spider
|sections in vegetable farm
|Hán-Nôm : tri
|spider
|蜘
|-
|蜻
| ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshing • Middle-Chinese : tsheng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Middle-Chinese : tsjeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ
|Only used in 蜻蜓 (qīngtíng) and 蜻蛉 (qīnglíng). ‖ Only used in 蜻蛚 (jīngliè). ‖ Only used in 蜻蜻 (jìngjìng).
|
|
|
|
|蜻 • (cheong) · 蜻 • (cheong) (hangeul 청, revised cheong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏng, Yale cheng)
|畦
|-
|畿
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯl) : semantic 田 + abbreviated phonetic 幾 (OC *kɯl, *kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl, *ɡɯls).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : gj+j
|imperial domain; area near the capital
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thanh
|capital, suburbs of capital
|
|畿 (eumhun 경기 기 (gyeonggi gi))
|蜻
|hanja form of 기 (“area near the capital”)
|canonical : 畿: Hán Việt readings: kì • canonical : kỳ 畿: Nôm readings: kì • canonical : kỳ
|imperial domain; area near the capital
|畿
|-
|-
|蝌
|疇
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *du) : semantic 田 (“field”) + phonetic 壽 (OC *djuʔ, *djus). \ ; “who”
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiû • Middle-Chinese : drjuw
|(agriculture) field; farmland; arable land • (agriculture, specifically) hemp field • (agriculture) division in a field between different types of crops • (agriculture) to hill up; to earth up • to make equal • kind; class; category • Alternative form of 籌／筹 (chóu, “to calculate; to plan”) • Alternative form of 酬 (chóu, “to repay; to thank”) • who • Meaningless particle. • (～國) Chou (an ancient state in modern Henan) • a surname
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kher • Middle-Chinese : khwa
|companion, mate, colleague
|Used in 蝌蚪 (kēdǒu).
|疇 (eumhun 밭이랑 주 (bachirang ju))
|hanja form of 주 (“furrow”)
|
|
|
|
|蝌 • (gwa) · 蝌 • (gwa) (hangeul 과, revised gwa, McCune–Reischauer kwa, Yale kwa)
|疇
|
|-
|疊
|畾 + 宜 – a pile. \ Originally as 曡, with 晶 (jīng) on top. Shuowen commented that the shape change was promoted by emperor of the short-lived Xin Dynasty, who deemed the use of three "suns" (日) in this character too empowering - compared to three "fields" (田). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/l-t(y)ap (“fold, layer, pile up, repeat”). Cognate with 褶 (“lined dress”), Tibetan ལྟབ (ltab, “to fold, gather up, to lay or put together”), ལྡེབ (ldeb, “to bend round or back, to turn round, to double down”), ལྡབ (ldab, “to fold up, repeat, do again”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tha̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍p • Middle-Chinese : dep
|to fold; to fold up • to fold over in layers; to pile up; to be piled up • to repeat; to duplicate; to be repetitious • Classifier for piles/layers. • (Southern Min) to add; to increase (over the existing foundation) • Alternative form of 㲲 (dié) • a surname: Die
| ‖
| ‖
|疊 • (cheop) · 疊 • (cheop) (hangeul 첩, revised cheop, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏp, Yale chep)
|
|
|
|canonical : 疊: Hán Việt readings: điệp 疊: Nôm readings: điệp • canonical : đệp • canonical : xếp
|蝌
|chữ Hán form of điệp (“fold in layers”).
|疊
|-
|-
|蝗
|疋
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 皇 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ).
|Pictogram (象形) – a foot 止 with a leg/thigh on top.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : hwang • Middle-Chinese : hwaeng • Middle-Chinese : hwaengH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Middle-Chinese : srjo • Middle-Chinese : srjoX
|locust • (Hong Kong, derogatory) swarms of Mainlander migrants
|foot
| ‖ 蝗(いなご) or 蝗(イナゴ) • (inago)
| ‖ 疋(ひき) • (-hiki)
| ‖ Alternative spelling of 稲子 (“locust”) (type of grasshopper)
|counter for horses, mules, and small animals • counter for rolls of cloth • a measure of cloth • foot (rare) ‖ Alternative form of 匹: counter for smaller animals
|蝗 • (hwang) · 蝗 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
|疋 • (pil, so) · 疋 • (pil, so) (hangeul 필, 소, revised pil, so, McCune–Reischauer p'il, so, Yale phil, so)
|roll, bolt of cloth • foot
|Hán-Nôm : sất • Hán-Nôm : thất • Hán-Nôm : sơ
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hoàng
|疋
|
|蝗
|-
|-
|蝙
|疝
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sreːn, *sraːns) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 山 (OC *sreːn).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sàn • Middle-Chinese : srean • Middle-Chinese : sraenH
|(pathology) hernia
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pian • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pián • Middle-Chinese : pen
|Only used in 蝙蝠 (biānfú, “bat”).
|
|
|bat
|疝 • (san) · 疝 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)
|蝙 • (pyeon) · 蝙 • (pyeon) (hangeul 편, revised pyeon, McCune–Reischauer p'yŏn, Yale phyen)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : sán
|
|
|
|疝
|蝙
|-
|-
|蝠
|疥
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pɯɡ) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 畐 (OC *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ). Originally a pictogram (象形) in the oracle bone and bronze scripts. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *baːk (“bat”). ‖ Variant of 蝮 (MC phjuwk).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hok • Middle-Chinese : pjuwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fuk¹ • Middle-Chinese : pjuwk
|bat (animal) ‖ (obsolete) Synonym of 蝮 (fù, “pit viper”)
|
|
|bat • pit viper
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gaai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kè • Middle-Chinese : keajH
|蝠 • (bok) · 蝠 • (bok) (hangeul 복, revised bok, McCune–Reischauer pok, Yale pok)
|scabies
|
|
|scabby eruption
|疥 • (gae) · 疥 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)
|scabies, itch
|
|
|
|
|蝠
|疥
|-
|-
|蝴
|疳
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaː) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 胡 (OC *ɡaː).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Middle-Chinese : hu
|Only used in 蝴蝶 (húdié, “butterfly”).
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kam
|(traditional Chinese medicine) infantile malnutrition due to digestive disturbances or intestinal parasites
| ‖ 疳(かん) • (kan)
| ‖ (traditional Chinese medicine) infantile neurosis where there is nocturnal crying as well as convulsions • Alternative spelling of 癇 (kan): nerves, temper • Short for 疳疾 (kanshitsu):
|疳 • (gam) · 疳 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)
|childhood diseases
|
|
|蝴 • (hu) · 蝴 • (hu) (hangeul 후, revised hu, McCune–Reischauer hu, Yale hwu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hồ • Hán-Nôm : hà
|疳
|-
|疵
|
|
|蝴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dzje
|-
|illness • defect • calamity • censure • black spot; naevus
|螃
|From 旁 (OC *baːŋ, “side”) (Liu, 1999). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pông • Middle-Chinese : bang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˇ • Middle-Chinese : pangX • Middle-Chinese : pangH
|Only used in 螃蟹 (pángxiè). ‖ ^‡ a kind of animal similar to toad
|
|
|
|
|螃 • (bang) · 螃 • (bang) (hangeul 방, revised bang, McCune–Reischauer pang, Yale pang)
|疵 • (ja) · 疵 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|螃
|疵
|-
|-
|螢
|疽
|From 虫 "worm", 熒 "fluorescent" sound, indicating fireflies.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰa) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iânn • Middle-Chinese : hweng
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi¹ • Middle-Chinese : tshjo
|firefly
|(traditional Chinese medicine) ulcer; carbuncle; abscess
|
|
|firefly
|螢 (eumhun 반딧불이 형 (banditburi hyeong))
|hanja form of 형 (“glow-worm; luminous insect”)
|Hán-Nôm : huỳnh
|
|
|螢
|疽 • (jeo) · 疽 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)
|-
|螺
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːl) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 累 (OC *ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kroj (“shellfish, shell”). From the same root derives 蝸 (OC *kroːl, *kʷroːl, “terrestrial snail”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lêr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : lwa
|aquatic snail (as opposed to a terrestrial snail, 蝸／蜗 (wō)) • whorl; swirl; spiral • fingerprint whorls • (organic chemistry) spiro- • (transgender slang) Short for 螺內酯／螺内酯 (luónèizhǐ, “spironolactone”); spiro • (historical) wine cup made from a snail shell • (historical) ink; pigment (green-black in color, produced from the snail, and used by women for drawing eyebrows) • Short for 螺髻 (“hair done up in a coil shape”).
| ‖ 螺(ら) • (ra) ‖ 螺(つび) • (tsubi) ‖ 螺(つぶ) • (tsubu) ‖ 螺(つみ) • (tsumi) ‖ 螺(にし) • (nishi) ‖ 螺(にな) • (nina)
|spiral-shaped shellfish ‖ any shellfish with a spiral shell ‖ (obsolete) spiral shellfish, especially smaller ones • (obsolete) alternate name for 蛤 (hamaguri, “clam”) ‖ spiral shellfish, especially smaller ones • edible marine whelks of family Buccinidae • alternate name for 田螺 (tanishi): river snails of family Viviparidae ‖ (obsolete) spiral shellfish, especially smaller ones ‖ (rare) certain shellfish with a spiral shell ‖ shellfish with a spiral shell • Short for 川蜷. (kawanina): Semisulcospira libertina, a kind of freshwater snail
|螺 (eumhun 소라 라 (sora ra), word-initial (South Korea) 소라 나 (sora na))
|hanja form of 라/나 (“aquatic snail”)
|Hán-Nôm : loa • Hán-Nôm : loe
|
|
|螺
|-
|蟀
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *srud) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 率 (OC *sruds, *rud, *srud).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seot¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeot¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sut • Middle-Chinese : srwit
|cricket
|
|
|
|
|蟀 (eum 솔 (sol))
|疽
|-
|痔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dɯʔ) : semantic 疒 (“sickness”) + phonetic 寺 (OC *ljɯs)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tī • Middle-Chinese : driX
|hemorrhoid
| ‖ 痔(じ) • (ji) ^(←ぢ (di)?)
|illness in the anal region ‖ (pathology) hemorrhoids, piles
|痔 • (chi) · 痔 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : xuất • Hán-Nôm : suất
|Hán-Nôm : trĩ
|
|
|蟀
|痔
|-
|-
|蟆
|痙
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mraː) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁴ • Middle-Chinese : mae
|frog; toad
|
|
|toad
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kīng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kǐng • Middle-Chinese : gjiengX
|convulsions, fits
|
|
|have a cramp
|痙 • (gyeong) · 痙 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : mô • Hán-Nôm : mò
|canonical : 痙: Hán Việt readings: kính
|
|
|蟆
|痙
|-
|-
|蟋
|痞
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯʔ, *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 否 (OC *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ). \ "Protuberance"? > "enlargement of an abdominal organ; pain due to splenomegaly" > "[dialectal] abdominal tumour". ‖ "Bad" > "obscene; ferocious; rascal". Its use is most prominent in dialects of Hubei and Hunan, and possibly originates from the ancient dialectal pronunciation of 匪 (“bad, evil, bandit”), same as Min Nan 歹 (phái(ⁿ), “bad”). \ It may be the origin of some uses of 皮 (pí), for example 調皮 (“naughty”), 賴皮 (“shameless”) and 頑皮 (“naughty”). \ The Cantonese pronunciation is probably due to confusion with 踎 (mau1, “to squat”), as this word is not native to Cantonese.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei² • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phí • Middle-Chinese : pijX • Middle-Chinese : bijX • Middle-Chinese : pjuwX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mau¹
|enlargement or lump in the abdomen; in particular, splenomegaly or hepatomegaly • (traditional Chinese medicine) stuffiness, fullness and discomfort in the epigastrium; dyspepsia or constipation • (dialectal Mandarin) abdominal tumour • (Eastern Min, Southern Min) scab; healed wound • (Southern Min) scurf; flakes on the skin surface ‖ rascal; scoundrel • (dialectal) to act perversely; to behave like a hoodlum • (dialectal) to act shamelessly; to violate rules • (dialectal) frivolous; slippery • (dialectal) obscene; indecent; vulgar • (dialectal) ferocious; fierce • (dialectal) bad; evil
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sih • Middle-Chinese : sit • Middle-Chinese : srit
|Only used in 蟋蟀 (xīshuài).
|
|
|痞 • (bi) · 痞 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|
|
|蟋 • (sil) · 蟋 • (sil) (hangeul 실, revised sil, McCune–Reischauer sil, Yale sil)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tất
|
|
|蟋
|痞
|-
|-
|蟲
|痣
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : Triplication of 虫 (“snake; insect”). \ Note that 虫 is also a traditional character on its own. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *djuŋ (“insect; bug”) (STEDT). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : Triplication of 虫 (“snake; insect”). \ Note that 虫 is also a traditional character on its own. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *djuŋ (“insect; bug”) (STEDT). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : Triplication of 虫 (“snake; insect”). \ Note that 虫 is also a traditional character on its own. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *djuŋ (“insect; bug”) (STEDT).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjɯs) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 志 (OC *tjɯs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiông • Middle-Chinese : drjuwng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung⁶ • Middle-Chinese : drjuwngH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tung⁴ • Middle-Chinese : drjuwng
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kì • Middle-Chinese : tsyiH
|bug; insect; worm (Classifier: 隻／只 m c; 條／条 m c; 尾 h) • creature, animal (in general) • insect infestation • person who indulges in something • a surname ‖ (obsolete, of insect) to bite; to eat ‖ Alternative form of 爞
|colored spot on skin; mole; nevus • a surname
| ‖ 痣(あざ) • (aza)
|birthmark, nevus • bruise ‖ bruise, birthmark
|痣 • (ji) · 痣 • (ji) (hangeul 지)
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 虫: insect, bug
|
|蟲 (eumhun 벌레 충 (beolle chung))
|
|hanja form of 충 (“insect; bug”)
|痣
|Hán-Nôm : trùng • Hán-Nôm : sùng
|chữ Hán form of trùng (“insect; microbe, germ”).
|蟲
|-
|-
|蠕
|痱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njo) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 需 (OC *sno). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njo) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 需 (OC *sno).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jî ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁵
|squirm; wriggle ‖ Alternative form of 蝡／蠕 (“squirm; wriggle”)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fai⁶⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : fai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huì • Middle-Chinese : bj+j • Middle-Chinese : bwojX • Middle-Chinese : bj+jH
|prickly heat
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nhuyễn
|
|
|蠕
|-
|蠢
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjunʔ) : phonetic 春 (OC *tʰjun) + semantic 䖵 (“insects”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceon² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thún • Middle-Chinese : tsyhwinX
|to squirm; to wriggle • stupid; foolish • clumsy; awkward
|
|
|squirm, wriggle
|蠢 • (jun) · 蠢 • (jun) (hangeul 준, revised jun, McCune–Reischauer chun, Yale cwun)
|
|
|canonical : 蠢: Hán Việt readings: xuẩn 蠢: Nôm readings: xuẩn • canonical : xoáy
|痱
|chữ Hán form of xuẩn (“squirm, wiggle”).
|蠢
|-
|-
|衍
|痺
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 行 (“path; way; to go; to move”) + 水 (“water”). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 行 (“path; way; to go; to move”) + 水 (“water”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pe) : semantic 疒 (“sickness”) + phonetic 卑 (OC *pe). \ Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Japhug ndʑɯrpɯt (“to be numb”) (Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ián • Middle-Chinese : yenX • Middle-Chinese : yenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pì • Middle-Chinese : pjie
|to overflow; to spill over • to spread out; to extend; to develop • superfluous; unnecessary • characters mistakenly added during the copying of a text • (obsolete) lowland; flatland • (obsolete) marsh; bog • (obsolete) mountain slope; hillside • (obsolete) bamboo basket • a surname ‖ (obsolete) to bring in; to invite; to introduce • (Buddhism) yana; vehicle
|paralysis; numbness • (Cantonese) numb; paralysed
|
|
|overflow; spill over • derive; spread out
|衍 (eum 연 (yeon))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : khiên • Hán-Nôm : diễn • Hán-Nôm : giàn • Hán-Nôm : nhản • Hán-Nôm : nhiễn • Hán-Nôm : nhăn
|痺 • (bi) · 痺 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|
|
|衍
|Hán-Nôm : tê • Hán-Nôm : tí • Hán-Nôm : tý
|paralysis; numbness
|痺
|-
|-
|衙
|痿
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋraː, *ŋa, *ŋaʔ) : semantic 行 + phonetic 吾 (OC *ŋraː, *ŋaː). \ From 牙 (MC ngae, “tooth”): \ : \ 近代通謂府廷為公衙，公衙即古之公朝也。字本作「牙」。《詩》曰：「祈父予王之爪牙。」祈父，司馬，掌武備，象猛獸，以爪牙為衛。故軍前大旗謂之「牙旗」，出師則有建牙、禡牙之事，軍中聽號令，必至牙旗之下，稱與府朝無異。近俗尚武，是以通呼公府為公牙，府門為牙門。字稱訛變，轉而為「衙」也。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]近代通谓府廷为公衙，公衙即古之公朝也。字本作「牙」。《诗》曰：「祈父予王之爪牙。」祈父，司马，掌武备，象猛兽，以爪牙为卫。故军前大旗谓之「牙旗」，出师则有建牙、祃牙之事，军中听号令，必至牙旗之下，称与府朝无异。近俗尚武，是以通呼公府为公牙，府门为牙门。字称讹变，转而为「衙」也。 [Literary Chinese, simp.] \ From: Tang dynasty, 封演 (Feng Yan), 《封氏聞見記》 (Master Feng's Records of Things Heard and Seen) \ Jìndài tōng wèi fǔtíng wèi gōngyá, gōngyá jí gǔ zhī gōngcháo yě. Zì běn zuò “yá”. “Shī” yuē: “Qífù yǔ wáng zhī zhǎoyá.” Qífù, sīmǎ, zhǎng wǔbèi, xiàng měngshòu, yǐ zhǎoyá wèi wèi. Gù jūn qián dà qí wèi zhī “yáqí”, chūshī zé yǒu jiànyá, màyá zhī shì, jūn zhōng tīng hàolìng, bì zhì yáqí zhī xià, chēng yǔ fǔcháo wú yì. Jìn sú shàngwǔ, shì yǐ tōng hū gōngfǔ wèi gōngyá, fǔmén wèi yámén. Zì chēng ébiàn, zhuǎn ér wèi “yá” yě. [Pinyin] \ In the recent era, the official court is commonly known as gongya ("official tooth"), which is gongchao ("official court") in ancient times. The character is originally 牙. The Classic of Poetry says, "Qifu, we are the claws and teeth of the king." Qifu is the minister of war, who is in charge of weaponry and, like a ferocious beast, defends using his claws and teeth. Hence the large banner before the army is known as the "tooth banner"; when sending the troops out, the tooth banner is erected and offered sacrifices; when listening to military orders, the army must be under the tooth banner; this is no different from the government office. In recent times, military affairs are commonly revered, so the gongfu is known as gongya and the fumen is known as yamen. The character has changed into 衙. ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gêe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâ • Middle-Chinese : ngae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁵ • Middle-Chinese : ngjo • Middle-Chinese : ngjoX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ
|public office • official residence • a surname ‖ Only used in 衙衙 (“walking; marching (of troops)”). ‖ Short for 由衙 (“a kind of bamboo”). • Alternative form of 禦／御 (yù, “to resist; to block”) • Alternative form of 禦／御 (yù, “violent; tyrannical”)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uí • Middle-Chinese : 'jwe • Middle-Chinese : nywe
|(traditional Chinese medicine) to be lacking in sexual energies
|
|
|衙 • (a) · 衙 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a, Yale a)
|
|
|痿 • (wi) · 痿 • (wi) (hangeul 위, revised wi, McCune–Reischauer wi, Yale wi)
|
|
|
|
|衙
|
|痿
|-
|-
|衫
|瘀
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sroːm) : semantic 衣 + phonetic 彡 (OC *sroːm, *slom).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qas) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 於 (OC *qaː, *qa). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sam • Middle-Chinese : sraem
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu³ • Middle-Chinese : 'joH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu²
|(literary or Wu) unlined garment • (literary or Cantonese, Min) shirt; top (Classifier: 件 c; 領／领 mn) • (literary or Cantonese, Hakka, Min, Pinghua) clothing; clothes (Classifier: 套 c; 軀／躯 mn)
|bruise • bruised ‖ (Cantonese) embarrassing
|
|
|thin cloth, especially thin silk • thin undergarment, thin underwear • a type of women's clothing, namely the upper part of a two-piece suit
|衫 • (sam) · 衫 • (sam) (hangeul 삼, revised sam, McCune–Reischauer sam, Yale sam)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : sam • Hán-Nôm : oam • Hán-Nôm : sờm
|瘀 • (eo) · 瘀 • (eo) (hangeul 어, revised eo, McCune–Reischauer ŏ, Yale e)
|
|
|衫
|-
|袁
|In oracle bone script, ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 衣 (“clothes”) + 又 (“hand”) – "to put on clothes; to wear". Some variant forms added 〇 (the earliest form of 圓 (OC *ɢon, “circle”), now written 口) as a sound component. The component 又 has corrupted into 㞢 in seal script and 土 in clerical script.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uân • Middle-Chinese : hjwon
|^‡ (of clothing) long • a surname
|
|
|long kimono
|袁 • (won) · 袁 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)
|robe
|Hán-Nôm : viên
|
|
|袁
|瘀
|-
|-
|袍
|瘁
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *buː) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pôo • Middle-Chinese : baw
|(Chinese-style) long gown, robe, or cloak
| ‖ 袍(ほう) • (hō)
| ‖ round-collared skirted over-robe, worn as the outermost layer of court dress. Made of figured silk in winter, and silk-gauze in summer, and dyed according to the rank of the wearer.
|袍 • (po) · 袍 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o, Yale pho)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bào • Hán-Nôm : bâu
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dzwijH
|overworked; tired; exhausted • troubled; distressed • haggard; weak
|
|
|袍
|-
|袱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 衣 (“clothes”) + phonetic 伏 (OC *bɯɡs, *bɯɡ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fuk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ho̍k
|
|
|瘁 • (chwi) · 瘁 • (chwi) (hangeul 취, revised chwi, McCune–Reischauer ch'wi, Yale chwi)
|
|
|
|
|袱 (eum 복 (bok))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phục • Hán-Nôm : phất
|瘁
|
|袱
|-
|-
|裏
|瘉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯʔ) : semantic 衣 (“clothes”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ).
|
|
|
|
| ‖ 裏(うら) • (ura)
| ‖ back; behind; other side • inside • reverse side of a coin ("tails") • (baseball) bottom (of an inning)
|裏 (eumhun 속 리 (sok ri), word-initial (South Korea) 속 이 (sok i))
|hanja form of 리/이 (“within”) [affix; suffix]
|Hán-Nôm : lí
|
|
|裏
|-
|裙
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡlun) : semantic 衤 (“clothing”) + phonetic 君 (OC *klun).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : kwan⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄣˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kûn • Middle-Chinese : gjun
|skirt; apron; dress; petticoat (Classifier: 條／条 c)
| ‖ 裙(くん) • (kun)
|hem, cuff ‖ hip-wrapped under-skirt worn as part of clerical attire
|裙 • (gun) · 裙 • (gun) (hangeul 군, revised gun, McCune–Reischauer kun, Yale kwun)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : quần
|pants
|裙
|-
|裝
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraŋ, *ʔsraŋs) : phonetic 壯 (OC *ʔsraŋs) + semantic 衣 (“clothes”). ‖  ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsonn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Middle-Chinese : tsrjang • Middle-Chinese : tsrjangH ‖  ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹
|baggage; luggage; bags • outfit; clothes; clothing • style of dress • items for daily use; dowry • style of bookbinding • style of packaging or storage • to dress up; to attire; to clothe • to feign; to pretend; to make believe • (Hong Kong) to furnish; to refurbish; to renovate; to decorate • to load; to stack; to cram; to fill • to wrap (something in a bag); to put into • to assemble; to install (a fixture, a computer program, etc.) • to hold; to store; to contain • to carry; to convey • to mount; to decorate; to adorn • (Cantonese) to set up; to entrap • 31st tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "packing" (𝌤) • (Hakka) to get injured or damaged after being hit by something ‖ (Sichuanese) to piece together ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 𥊙
|
|
|瘉 • (yu) · 瘉 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
|
|
|裝 (eumhun 꾸밀 장 (kkumil jang))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : trang
|
|
|裝
|瘉
|-
|-
|裹
|瘋
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kloːlʔ, *kloːls) : semantic 衣 (“clothes”) + phonetic 果 (OC *kloːlʔ). \ Compare with Tibetan སྐོར (skor, “to encircle; to surround; to go around”) (Hill, 2014). ‖  ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *plum) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 風 (OC *plum, *plums).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gwo² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kó • Middle-Chinese : kwaX • Middle-Chinese : kwaH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kauh ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kauh
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong
|to wrap; to bind • to encircle; confine; to carry off • a surname: Guo ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 𩛩／𩠃 (“to wrap up”) ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 軋／轧 (“to crush; to run over; to roll flat (of or by a car)”)
|to go crazy; to become insane; to go mad • to play wilfully; to engage in wild play • mentally unstable; crazy; insane; mad • overgrown
|
|
|wrap • pack up • cover • conceal
|Crazy • Fast • Wild
|裹 (eum 과 (gwa))
|瘋 • (pung) · 瘋 • (pung) (hangeul 풍, revised pung, McCune–Reischauer p'ung, Yale phung)
|wrap, bind • encircle, confine
|Hán-Nôm : khõa • Hán-Nôm : khoã
|
|
|裹
|Hán-Nôm : phong • Hán-Nôm : phung
|
|瘋
|-
|-
|褂
|瘓
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 衣 (“clothes”) + phonetic 卦.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tqʰʷaːnʔ) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 奐 (OC *qʰʷaːns).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄚˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuà
|Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huàn • Middle-Chinese : thwanX
|Chinese-style unlined upper garment
|Only used in 癱瘓／瘫痪 (tānhuàn).
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|褂
|瘓
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|褒
|瘠
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *puː, *puː) : semantic 衣 + phonetic 保 (OC *puːʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *puː, *puː) : semantic 衣 + phonetic 保 (OC *puːʔ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zeɡ) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 脊 (OC *ʔseɡ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po • Hokkien · Tai-lo : poo • Middle-Chinese : paw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄡˊ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dzjek
|to praise; to honor; to commend • positive polarity • to have large 衣襟 (yījīn) • large; vast; wide • (historical) A mountain valley in the east of Mian County, Shaanxi Province. • (historical) An ancient state whose city is in the east of Mian County, Shaanxi Province. ‖ Alternative form of 裒 (póu, “to gather; to collect”)
|barren
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|praise, commend • compliment, congratulate, give a pat on the back to • speak well of, speak highly of, recommend • acclaim, extol, applaud [figuratively], sing the praises of [figuratively] • honor, exalt, glorify • admire, look up to, render homage to, express admiration for
|lean, thin • barren, sterile
|褒 • (po, bo, bu) · 褒 • (po, bo, bu) (hangeul 포, 보, 부, revised po, bo, bu, McCune–Reischauer p'o, po, pu, Yale pho, po, pu)
|瘠 • (cheok) · 瘠 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek)
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|canonical : 褒: Hán Việt readings: bao 褒: Nôm readings: bao
|Hán-Nôm : tích
|chữ Hán form of bao (“to praise; to honor; to commend”).
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|褒
|瘠
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|褥
|瘡
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nuːɡ, *njoɡ) : semantic 衣 + phonetic 辱 (OC *njoɡ).
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jio̍k • Middle-Chinese : nowk • Middle-Chinese : nyowk
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshong • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjang
|cotton-padded mattress; mattress; cushion • bedding
|wound; cut • sore; skin ulcer; boil
| ‖ 褥(しとね) • (shitone)
| ‖ 瘡(かさ) • (kasa)
| ‖ mattress, cushion
|sore ‖ sore
|褥 • (yok) · 褥 • (yok) (hangeul 욕, revised yok, McCune–Reischauer yok, Yale yok)
|瘡 • (chang) · 瘡 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang, Yale chang)
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|褥
|瘡
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|褪
|瘧
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰuːns) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 退 (OC *n̥ʰuːbs). Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰuːns) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 退 (OC *n̥ʰuːbs). Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋawɢ) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 虐 (OC *ŋawɢ). \ Perhaps related to 虐 (OC *ŋawɢ, “to oppress, to coerce, to be violent”). \ Compare Thai งก ๆ (ngók-ngók, “shivering, shaking (due to fever or fear)”), Thai หงก ๆ (ngòk-ngòk, “shivering (as from ague)”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : teoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thùn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuìnn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : teoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuìnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thè
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄩㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joek⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gia̍k • Middle-Chinese : ngjak
|to take off (clothes) • to hide in one's sleeve • (Cantonese) to retreat; to move back • (Cantonese) to move; to shift • (Cantonese) to make something available • (Cantonese) to withdraw • (Cantonese, Southern Min) to transfer; to give to somebody else ‖ to shed (feathers) • to discolour; to fade
|(medicine) ague; malaria; intermittent fever and shivering • Alternative form of 虐 (nüè, “abuse; to be abused”)
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|(pathology) malaria
|瘧 • (hak) · 瘧 • (hak) (hangeul 학, revised hak, McCune–Reischauer hak, Yale hak)
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|fade; discolour
|褪 (eum 퇴 (toe))
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|Hán-Nôm : thoái
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|褪
|瘧
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|-
|覺
|瘴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kruːɡs, *kruːɡ) : abbreviated phonetic 學 (OC *ɡruːɡ) + semantic 見 (“see”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kruk (“rouse; awaken; disturb”). Cognate with Old Chinese 學 (*ɡruːɡ, “to learn; to study”), 攪 (*kruːʔ, “to disturb”), Tibetan དཀྲོག (dkrog, “to agitate; to rouse”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kruːɡs, *kruːɡ) : abbreviated phonetic 學 (OC *ɡruːɡ) + semantic 見 (“see”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kruk (“rouse; awaken; disturb”). Cognate with Old Chinese 學 (*ɡruːɡ, “to learn; to study”), 攪 (*kruːʔ, “to disturb”), Tibetan དཀྲོག (dkrog, “to agitate; to rouse”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kjaŋs) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 章 (OC *kjaŋ)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gok³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kak • Middle-Chinese : kaewk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàu • Middle-Chinese : kaewH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàng • Middle-Chinese : tsyangH
|(literary) to wake up • to become aware; to dawn on; to awaken to • to feel; to think • sense; sensation; feeling • a surname: Jue ‖ to wake up from sleep • sleep; nap • Classifier for periods of sleep. • Alternative form of 較／较
|miasma; noxious vapours arising from a swamp
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|to wake up from sleep • conscious • to enlighten • awake • to remember • remembrance
|Miasma, toxic air or gasses.
|覺 (eumhun 깨달을 각 (kkaedareul gak)) · 覺 (eumhun 깰 교 (kkael gyo))
|瘴 • (jang) · 瘴 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : giác • Hán-Nôm : nhác • Hán-Nôm : rác • Hán-Nôm : dác
|Hán-Nôm : chướng
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|覺
|瘴
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|覽
|癆
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːmʔ) : phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms) + semantic 見 (“see”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːw, *raːw, *raːws) : semantic 疒 (“sickness”) + phonetic 勞 (OC *raːw, *raːws). \ From 勞 (OC *raːw, *raːws, “to toil”) (Wang, 1982). ‖ Possibly related to 療 (OC *rews, “to cure”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare ancient Chu dialect 瘌 (OC *raːd, “to be poisoned by medication”). Cognate to Mizo ru (“bark, roots, leaves or fruit which can be used to poison fish”), Jingpho mə-rau (“fishing by stupefying fish by poisonous vines”), Burmese ရိုး (rui:, “fish poison”) (Starostin).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lám • Middle-Chinese : lamX
|Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˋ • Middle-Chinese : lawH
|to look at; to view; to inspect; to perceive • to read • Alternative form of 攬／揽 (lǎn, “to take on; to adopt”)
|(traditional Chinese medicine) internal injury caused by overstraining • tuberculosis; pulmonary tuberculosis • (Southwestern Mandarin, dialectal Gan) to have an upset stomach because of the lack of fats in one's diet; to crave meat • (Xiang, of plants) to wither (in the sun) • (Xiang, of a person) to be dispirited; depressed ‖ (ancient Northern Yan and Joseon region) to be poisoned (by medication) • (Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin, Gan, Xiang, transitive) to poison • painful
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|look at, inspect • perceive
|覽 (eumhun 볼 람 (bol ram), word-initial (South Korea) 볼 남 (bol nam))
|hanja form of 람 (“look at, inspect”)
|Hán-Nôm : lãm
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|覽
|癆 • (ro>no) · 癆 • (ro>no) (hangeul 로>노, revised ro>no, McCune–Reischauer ro>no, Yale lo>no)
|-
|觀
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːn, *koːns) : phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns) + semantic 見 (“see”). \ “To watch; to observe” (Pronunciation 1) > “watchtower; platform; temple” (Pronunciation 2). \ Schuessler (2007) connects it with 侯 (OC *ɡoː, “target”) and 候 (OC *ɡoːs, “to watch; to be on the lookout for; to wait”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːn, *koːns) : phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns) + semantic 見 (“see”). \ “To watch; to observe” (Pronunciation 1) > “watchtower; platform; temple” (Pronunciation 2). \ Schuessler (2007) connects it with 侯 (OC *ɡoː, “target”) and 候 (OC *ɡoːs, “to watch; to be on the lookout for; to wait”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuan • Middle-Chinese : kwan ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuànn • Middle-Chinese : kwanH
|to observe; to watch; to view; to see • to observe closely; to scrutinise; to investigate • to read; to peruse • to display; to show • to visit; to go sightseeing • to play; to enjoy • appearance; looks • sight; view; perspective • concept; outlook • a surname ‖ (historical) watchtower on either side of a palace gate • (historical) platform; stage; dais; rostrum • (Taoism) Taoist temple • 20th hexagram of the I Ching • a surname
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|
|Kyūjitai form of 観 (to see, observe; appearance)
|Hán-Nôm : lao
|觀 (eumhun 볼 관 (bol gwan))
|hanja form of 관 (“to see; to observe; to view”) • hanja form of 관 (“appearance; looks”) • hanja form of 관 (“sight; view; perspective”) • hanja form of 관 (“Taoist temple”)
|Hán-Nôm : quan • Hán-Nôm : quán
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|觀
|癆
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|-
|觸
|癒
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjoɡ) : semantic 角 + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ). \ Compare Tibetan གཏུག (gtug, “to meet; to touch”) (Hill, 2019). \ The internet slang sense is a phonetic borrowing from English true.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 愈 (OC *loʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshik • Middle-Chinese : tsyhowk
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶
|to touch; to come in contact with • to butt; to ram; to gore (as with animal horns) • to affront; to offend; to violate • to stir up; to invoke; to cause (feelings, etc.) • (Hokkien) to argue; to have a row; to come to blows; to scuffle • (Hokkien) to come into contact with a hard object (stone, horns, etc.) • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to take a bit of notes (with a pen or pencil) • a surname • (Taiwan, Internet slang) true (interjection of approval)
|to heal; to get well; to recover
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|to touch; to contact
|觸 • (chok) · 觸 • (chok) (hangeul 촉, revised chok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ok, Yale chok)
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|healing
|癒 • (yu) · 癒 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
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|觸
|canonical : 癒: Hán Việt readings: dũ 癒: Nôm readings: dũ • canonical : dú • canonical : rũ
|chữ Hán form of dũ (“recover”).
|癒
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|訃
|癘
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hù • Middle-Chinese : phjuH
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ljejH
|epidemic; plague • sore; ulcer
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|news of one's death • obituary
|contagious disease • leprosy
|訃 • (bu) · 訃 • (bu) (hangeul 부, revised bu, McCune–Reischauer pu, Yale pu)
|癘 • (ryeo>yeo) · 癘 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
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|訃
|癘
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|託
|癢
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰaːɡ) : semantic 言 + phonetic 乇 (OC *ʔr'aːɡ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋʔ) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 養 (OC *laŋʔ, *laŋs). \ Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan, though the exact etymon is unclear. Compare Tibetan གཡའ (g.ya', “to itch”), Jingpho kaya (“to itch”), Burmese ယား (ya:, “to itch”), Japhug rɤʑa (“to itch”) (Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2017; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019), which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ja (“to itch”). Also compare Lepcha ᰚᰭ (yak, “to itch”) (Schuessler, 2007), which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-sak (“to itch”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : tok³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thok • Middle-Chinese : thak
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiūnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiǔnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiōnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiāunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iáng • Middle-Chinese : yangX
|to entrust (to someone's care); to commit (something) to someone's care • to rely on; to depend on • to entrust (someone) with something; to assign responsibility for • to give as a pretext; to feign
|itchy; ticklish • itching to do something
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|consign • requesting • entrusting with • pretend • hint
|itchy
|託 • (tak) · 託 • (tak) (hangeul 탁, revised tak, McCune–Reischauer t'ak, Yale thak)
|癢 • (yang) · 癢 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang)
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|Hán-Nôm : thác
|Hán-Nôm : dưỡng • Hán-Nôm : ngứa
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|託
|癢
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|診
|癥
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯns, *kljɯnʔ) : semantic 言 + phonetic 㐱 ().
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tɯŋ) : semantic 疒 (“disease”) + phonetic 徵 (OC *tɯʔ, *tɯŋ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : can² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsín • Middle-Chinese : tsyinX • Middle-Chinese : drinH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ting • Middle-Chinese : tring
|(medicine) to examine (a patient); to diagnose
|(traditional Chinese medicine) lump in the abdomen • (traditional Chinese medicine) abdominal tumor; bowel obstruction
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|examine
|癥 • (jing) · 癥 • (jing) (hangeul 징, revised jing, McCune–Reischauer ching, Yale cing)
|診 • (jin) · 診 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin)
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|canonical : 診: Hán Việt readings: chẩn
|Hán-Nôm : trưng • Hán-Nôm : chứng
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|診
|癥
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|-
|詔
|癩
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjews) : semantic 言 (“word; speech”) + phonetic 召 (OC *dews, *djews) \ Perhaps related to 召 (OC *dews, *djews, “to call; to summon”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ziu³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ziu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàu • Middle-Chinese : tsyewH
|imperial decree • to decree; to proclaim • (historical) leader or king of non-Han peoples
| ‖ 詔(しょう) • (shō) ^(←せう (seu)?) ‖ 詔(みことのり) • (mikotonori)
|imperial decree; imperial edict ‖ imperial edict ‖ imperial edict
|詔 • (jo) · 詔 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : chiếu
|Cantonese · Jyutping : laai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laat⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thái • Middle-Chinese : lajH • Middle-Chinese : lat
|leprosy • (regional) favus, especially of the scalp • coarse; uneven; rough
| ‖ 癩(らい) • (rai)
|leprosy ‖ (dated, derogatory) leprosy
|癩 • (ra>na) · 癩 • (ra>na) (hangeul 라>나, revised ra>na, McCune–Reischauer ra>na, Yale la>na)
|hanja form of 나 (“leprosy”)
|Hán-Nôm : lại • Hán-Nôm : cùi • Hán-Nôm : lầy
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|詔
|癩
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|詣
|癬
|By Shuowen and Jitsū, and following Zhengzhang (2003), a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡiːs) : semantic 言 + phonetic 旨 (OC *kjiʔ). \ Alternatively, ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 言 (“speech”) + 旨 (“delicious”) — word use so skilled as to be delicious. The first interpretation is seemingly most accepted.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *senʔ) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 鮮 (OC *sen, *senʔ, *sens).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gē • Middle-Chinese : ngejH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuánn • Middle-Chinese : sjenX
|to go to or visit or call upon a superior • achievement or accomplishment
|(dermatology, pathology) ringworm; tinea
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|arrive • attain
|１．Ringworm
|詣 • (ye) · 詣 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey)
|癬 • (seon) · 癬 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen)
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|canonical : 詣: Hán Việt readings: nghệ
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|詣
|-
|詮
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlon) : semantic 言 + phonetic 全 (OC *zlon).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuân • Middle-Chinese : tshjwen
|to explain
| ‖
|discussion ‖
|詮 • (jeon) · 詮 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
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|Hán-Nôm : thuyên
|癬
|
|詮
|-
|-
|詰
|癮
|
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯn) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 隱 (OC *qɯnʔ, *qɯns). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gat¹ • Middle-Chinese : khjit
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ín ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : giàn
|to ask; to enquire • to question; to interrogate; to call to account • to investigate and handle • the next day; tomorrow • bent; twisty
|addiction; craving (Classifier: 鋪／铺 c) • (dialectal) to like (doing something) • (dialectal) to crave; to be addicted to ‖ (Eastern Min, Southern Min) addiction; craving • (Eastern Min, Southern Min) to like (doing something) • (Eastern Min, Southern Min) to crave; to be addicted to • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to have a tendency to; to easily do something • (Taiwanese Hokkien) stupid; foolish • (Taiwanese Hokkien, often in the negative) willing • (Taiwanese Hokkien) skinny; lean
|
|
|
|詰 • (hil) · 詰 • (hil) (hangeul 힐, revised hil, McCune–Reischauer hil, Yale hil)
|
|
|canonical : 詰: Hán Việt readings: cật 詰: Nôm readings: cật • canonical : gạt • canonical : gật • canonical : cợt • canonical : gợt • canonical : ngặt
|癮 (eum 은 (eun))
|chữ Hán form of cật (“ask, question, interrogate, investigate”). • Nôm form of gạt (“dupe, trick”). • Nôm form of gật (“nod one's head in approval”). • Nôm form of ngặt (“strict, rigorous, impoverished”).
|詰
|-
|誦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljoŋs) : semantic 言 + phonetic 甬 (OC *loŋʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siòng • Middle-Chinese : zjowngH
|to read aloud • to recount • to recite; to chant
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ẩn
|
|
|誦 (eumhun 외울 송 (oe'ul song))
|癮
|hanja form of 송 (“to recite; to read aloud”)
|canonical : 誦: Hán Việt readings: tụng 誦: Nôm readings: tụng • canonical : tọng • canonical : tộng
|chữ Hán form of tụng (“to recite”).
|誦
|-
|-
|諒
|癱
| ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰaːn) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 難 (OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liāng • Middle-Chinese : ljangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁴
|Cantonese · Jyutping : taan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : than • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuann
|to forgive; to sympathise • to believe • honest • presumably ‖
|paralysis; palsy; numbness
| ‖ 諒(りょう) • (Ryō)
|(noun) truth ‖ a male given name
|諒 (eumhun 믿을 량 (mideul ryang), word-initial (South Korea) 믿을 양 (mideul yang))
|hanja form of 량/양 (“excuse, forgive”) • hanja form of 량/양 (“guess, presume”)
|Hán-Nôm : lượng • Hán-Nôm : lạng
|
|
|諒
|-
|諦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːɡs) : semantic 言 + phonetic 帝 (OC *teːɡs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tè • Middle-Chinese : tejH
|to examine; to scrutinise • careful; attentive • principle; basis; essence • (Buddhism) truth • (Cantonese) to satirize; to mock; to ridicule; to have a dig at
|
|
|to give up
|癱 • (tan) · 癱 • (tan) (hangeul 탄, revised tan, McCune–Reischauer t'an, Yale than)
|諦 • (che) · 諦 • (che) (hangeul 체, revised che, McCune–Reischauer ch'e, Yale chey)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đế
|Hán-Nôm : than
|
|
|諦
|癱
|-
|-
|諧
|癲
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːn) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 顛 (OC *tiːn, *tʰiːns).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tian • Middle-Chinese : ten
|crazy; nuts; mad • (Cantonese) to be mad; to display insane behavior
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uê • Middle-Chinese : heaj
|to collapse due to a mental disorder or a nervous disorder • epilepsy
|to harmonize; to coordinate; to fit together • harmonious; coordinated; congruous • joke; jest • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to persuade; to advise
|癲 • (jeon) · 癲 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|
|
|accord, harmony
|諧 • (hae) · 諧 • (hae) (hangeul 해, revised hae, McCune–Reischauer hae, Yale hay)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hài • Hán-Nôm : giai
|
|
|諧
|癲
|-
|-
|諭
|皈
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *los) : semantic 言 + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo).
|Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Originally 𦤇, which is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 自 (“self”) + 反 (“to return; to move back”). Later 自 was corrupted into 白.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jū • Middle-Chinese : yuH
|(literary) to instruct; to tell • to understand; to know • order from above; imperial decree • to make known; to make clear • to liken; to compare
| ‖ 諭(さとし) • (Satoshi)
| ‖ a male given name
|諭 (eumhun 타이를 유 (taireul yu))
|hanja form of 유 (“instruct”)
|Hán-Nôm : dụ
|
|
|諭
|-
|諮
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsli) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 咨 (OC *ʔsli, “to consult”) + semantic 言 (“speak”).
|
|
|
|
|Alternative form of 帰
|
|
|consultation
|諮 • (ja) · 諮 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)
|
|
|canonical : 諮: Hán Việt readings: ti • canonical : tư
|
|
|諮
|chữ Hán form of quy (“refuge”).
|皈
|-
|-
|謂
|皎
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢuds) : semantic 訁 + phonetic 胃 (OC *ɢuds).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uī • Middle-Chinese : hjw+jH
|to say; to tell • to call; to name • meaning; sense • a surname
|
|
|reason • origin • history • oral tradition
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiáu • Middle-Chinese : kewX
|謂 (eumhun 고할 위 (gohal wi)) ‖ 謂 (eumhun 이를 위 (ireul wi))
|white • bright, brilliant • clear
|say • tell ‖ call • name • be called
|Hán-Nôm : vị
|
|謂
|-
|謄
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːŋ) : phonetic 朕 (OC *l'ɯmʔ) + semantic 言 (“say”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tang⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thîng • Middle-Chinese : dong
|to transcribe; to copy
|
|
|to transcribe; to copy
|謄 (eumhun 베낄 등 (bekkil deung))
|to copy • to mimeograph • to transcribe
|canonical : 謄: Hán Việt readings: đằng
|
|
|謄
|皎 (eum 교 (gyo))
|-
|謎
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *miː, *miːs) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 迷 (OC *miː, “to be lost”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˋㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Middle-Chinese : mejH
|puzzle; riddle • mystery; enigma
|
|
|riddle • puzzle • enigma • hint • tip
|Hán-Nôm : kiểu
|謎 (eumhun 수수께끼 미 (susukkekki mi))
|hanja form of 미 (“riddle”)
|
|
|
|皎
|謎
|-
|-
|謠
|皚
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lew) : semantic 言 + phonetic 䍃 ().
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɯːl) : semantic 白 (“white”) + phonetic 豈 (OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâu • Middle-Chinese : yew
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngoi⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khái • Middle-Chinese : ngoj
|(alt. form 䚻, 繇, 猶／犹 (yóu)^‡) to sing without instruments • (alt. form 䚻, 繇) folk song; ballad • fake circulating words; false rumour
|pure white; snow white
|
|
|white
|皚 • (ae) · 皚 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ya)
|
|
|謠 (eumhun 노래 요 (norae yo))
|Hán-Nôm : ngai
|hanja form of 요 (“a song”)
|Hán-Nôm : dao
|
|
|謠
|皚
|-
|-
|證
|皰
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjɯŋs) : semantic 言 + phonetic 登 (OC *tɯːŋ). \ Cognate with 徵 (OC *tɯŋ, “to summon; to testify”). \ Related to Khmer ទៀង (tiəng, “true; exact”), Khmer ផ្ទៀង (phtiəng, “to correct; to verify”), but they may be Chinese loans. Perhaps related to 貞 (OC *teŋ, “to test; to verify”) and 真 (OC *ʔljin, “true”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zing³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìng • Middle-Chinese : tsyingH
|to prove; to testify; to verify • proof; evidence · identification; identity document; credential; papers; ID card • proof; evidence · (transgender slang) diagnosis of transsexualism, gender identity disorder, or gender dysphoria • proof; evidence • Original form of 症 (zhèng). • a surname: Zheng
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 証
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phā • Middle-Chinese : phaewH • Middle-Chinese : baewH
|證 • (jeung) · 證 • (jeung) (hangeul 증, revised jeung, McCune–Reischauer chŭng, Yale cung)
|blister; bleb • pimple; acne • eyelid
|certificate, card
|canonical : 證: Hán Việt readings: chứng 證: Hán Nôm readings: chững • canonical : chống • canonical : chừng
|chữ Hán form of chứng (“proof”).
|證
|-
|譬
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phì • Middle-Chinese : phjieH
|to make an analogy • analogy; metaphor • (literary) to inform; to explain • (literary) to understand
|
|
|illustrate
|譬 • (bi) · 譬 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thí • Hán-Nôm : thía • Hán-Nôm : tỉ • Hán-Nôm : ví
|
|譬
|-
|譯
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laːɡ) : semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 睪 (OC *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː). \ Same word as 繹 (OC *laːɡ, “to unravel”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Middle-Chinese : yek
|to translate; to interpret • to decode; to decipher • a surname
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bào
|
|
|譯 • (yeok) · 譯 • (yeok) (hangeul 역, revised yeok, McCune–Reischauer yŏk, Yale yek)
|皰
|
|canonical : 譯: Hán Việt readings: dịch
|chữ Hán form of dịch (“to translate; translation”).
|譯
|-
|-
|譽
|皴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la, *las) : phonetic 與 (OC *la, *laʔ, *las) + semantic 言 (“say”). \ Both 譽 (OC *las, “renown, praise (n.)”) and 譽 (OC *la, “to praise (v.)”) are related; the latter in turn is related to 舁 (OC *la, “to shoulder, to lift”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Ultimate origin is Sino-Tibetan: compare Tibetan རླ (rla) & བླ (bla, “over, above, upper, higher, superior”) (Schuessler, 2007; Coblin, 1986). \ This word family is allofamic to 揚 (OC *laŋ), its Tibeto-Burman cognates, & ancestor Proto-Sino-Tibetan *laŋ; as well as 輿 (OC *la, *las) & 舉 (OC *klaʔ) (Schuessler, 2007, see also Baxter & Sagart, 1998).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : īr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Middle-Chinese : yo • Middle-Chinese : yoH
|fame; reputation • to praise
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceon¹ • Middle-Chinese : tshwin
|to be chapped • (Mandarin, colloquial) grime on one's skin
| ‖ 皴(しわ) • (shiwa)
| ‖ wrinkles in skin, paper, cloth, or some other surface • ripples on the surface of water • a pattern of cracks and wrinkles on the surface of an 烏帽子 (eboshi, “traditional Japanese formal black hat”) formed as the black lacquer dries
|皴 • (jun) · 皴 • (jun) (hangeul 준, revised jun, McCune–Reischauer chun, Yale cwun)
|
|
|譽 • (ye) · 譽 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : dự • Hán-Nôm : dư
|
|
|譽
|皴
|-
|-
|讀
|皺
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic 言 (“to say”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ). \ “To say aloud, to tell” (Shijing) > “to recite” > “to read”. \ Cognate with Tibetan ཀློག (klog, “to read; to recite”). Starostin sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-lok (“to recite; to give notice”) for this, and also includes Burmese လျှောက် (hlyauk, “to tell; to ask; to petition; word-for-word translation; indiscriminately”) and Mizo thlûk (“accent, tone, intonation”). Related to 讟 (OC *l'oːɡ, “resentment, slander < to grumble; complaint”). \ STEDT provisionally sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-g-(l/r)əwk (“to read”), relating it to 牘 (OC *l'oːɡ, “tablet”). \ Sagart (1999) argues that “read” cannot be the primary meaning, since existence of the concept “to read” before the invention of writing is questionable. There is likely no writing at the time of the split between Chinese and other Sino-Tibetan languages, therefore the Tibetan word may represent a borrowing from Chinese. ‖ A late attested reading. Starostin thinks it is from the *-s pronunciation of Etymology 1.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsrus) : phonetic 芻 (OC *sʰro) + semantic 皮.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tha̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho̍k • Middle-Chinese : duwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiâu • Middle-Chinese : tsrjuwH
|to say aloud; to tell • to read (silently); to peruse • to read aloud; to read out • to study • to pronounce (a character, a word, etc.) • pronunciation ‖ short pause in reading; part of a sentence; clause
|wrinkle; crease; fold • to wrinkle; to crease
| ‖ 皺(さび) • (sabi) ‖ 皺(しぼ) • (shibo) ‖ 皺(しわ) • (shiwa)
| ‖ a pattern of cracks and wrinkles on the surface of an 烏帽子 (eboshi, “traditional Japanese formal black hat”) formed as the black lacquer dries ‖ a pattern of cracks and wrinkles on the surface of an 烏帽子 (eboshi, “traditional Japanese formal black hat”) formed as the black lacquer dries • a pattern of puckers and bulges in a cloth, caused by the warp and woof of the material • a similar pattern of puckers and bulges formed on the surface of paper or leather ‖ wrinkles in skin, paper, cloth, or some other surface • ripples on the surface of water • a pattern of cracks and wrinkles on the surface of an 烏帽子 (eboshi, “traditional Japanese formal black hat”) formed as the black lacquer dries
|皺 • (chu) · 皺 • (chu) (hangeul 추, revised chu, McCune–Reischauer ch'u, Yale chwu)
|
|
|to read • (とう) phrase, clause, part of a sentence, e.g. 読点 (lit. "clause mark", i.e. comma)
|Hán-Nôm : trứu • Hán-Nôm : nhíu • Hán-Nôm : sô
|讀 (eumhun 읽을 독 (ilgeul dok)) ‖ 讀 (eumhun 구절 두 (gujeol du))
|hanja form of 독 (“to read”) ‖ hanja form of 두 (“short pause in reading, part of a sentence, clause”)
|Hán-Nôm : độc • Hán-Nôm : đọc • Hán-Nôm : đậu • Hán-Nôm : đặt
|
|
|讀
|皺
|-
|-
|變
|盂
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prons) : phonetic 䜌 (OC *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons) + semantic 攴. \ Likely related to 亂 (OC *roːns, “disorder”) (Baxter, 1992). Perhaps related to Tibetan སྤྲུལ་བ (sprul ba, “to transform”) (Shi, 2000)and Burmese ပြောင်း (praung:, “to change”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷa) : phonetic 于 (OC *ɢʷa) + semantic 皿 (“dish; vessel”)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : bin³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pìnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piàn • Middle-Chinese : pjenH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ôo • Middle-Chinese : hju
|(intransitive) to change (by itself); to transform • (transitive) to change (something in some way); to alter; to transform • (intransitive) to become; to turn into; to change into • (transitive) to sell off (one's property) • (intransitive) to be flexible (when dealing with matters); to accommodate to circumstances • to perform a magic trick • sudden major change; unexpected change of events • changeable; changing • grotesque thing • (Buddhism) bianwen (form of narrative literature from the Tang dynasty) • (Hokkien) to do (bad things)
|broad-mouthed receptacle for holding liquids and foods • (historical) name of a hunting formation • (～縣) Yu County, Yuxian (a county of Yangquan, Shanxi, China) • a surname
| ‖  
| ‖  
|change • strange ‖  
|bowl (container for foods and liquids) • Used in transliteration of Sanskrit terms. ‖  
|變 (eumhun 변할 변 (byeonhal byeon))
|盂 • (u) · 盂 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u, Yale wu)
|hanja form of 변 (“change”)
|Hán-Nôm : biến • Hán-Nôm : bén • Hán-Nôm : bến
|
|
|變
|canonical : 盂: Hán Việt readings: vu 盂: Nôm readings: vu • canonical : vò
|chữ Hán form of vu (“cup”). • Nôm form of vò (“jar”).
|盂
|-
|-
|讓
|盃
|The exopassive of 攘 (OC *njaŋ, *njaŋʔ, *njaŋs, “to remove”) ("to remove" > ("to remove oneself") > "to yield; to concede"). \ Cognate with 攘 (OC *njaŋ, *njaŋʔ, *njaŋs, “to remove; to steal”), 禳 (OC *njaŋ, “to expel; to sacrifice to expel disasters”), Tibetan གནང (gnang, “to give; to grant”), Burmese နှင်း (hnang:, “to confer; to grant”), Burmese နှင် (hnang, “to drive away; to expel”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Borrowed from French Jean.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *plɯː) : phonetic 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ') + semantic 皿.
| ‖
|
|to allow; to let; to permit • to ask (someone to do something); to get (someone to do something); to have (someone do something) • to yield; to concede • (driving) to yield; to give way • by (passive signifier) • (literary) to criticise; to reproach ‖ A transliteration of the French surname and male given name Jean
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|讓 • (yang) · 讓 • (yang) (hangeul 양)
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|Hán-Nôm : nhượng • Hán-Nôm : nhường • Hán-Nôm : nhằng • Hán-Nôm : nhàng • Hán-Nôm : lâm
|盃 • (bae) · 盃 • (bae) (hangeul 배, revised bae, McCune–Reischauer pae, Yale pay)
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|讓
|canonical : 盃: Hán Việt readings: bôi 盃: Nôm readings: bôi • canonical : bui • canonical : bùi • canonical : vôi • canonical : vội • canonical : vui • canonical : vùi
|Alternative form of 杯 (“chữ Hán form of bôi (“cup”).”)
|盃
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|-
|讚
|盍
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaːns) : semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 贊 (OC *ʔsaːns). ‖
|Original form of 蓋. Pictogram (象形) , a container and its lid. \ From the fusion of 何不 (OC *ɡaːl pɯ, “why not”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàn • Middle-Chinese : tsanH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsán
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a̍p • Middle-Chinese : hap
|to praise; to commend; to eulogize • (Internet, social media) to like ‖ (chiefly Southern Min, Taiwanese Mandarin) cool; awesome
|(Classical) why; how • (Classical) why not • Used in 盍簪. • Used in 盍旦. • Original form of 蓋／盖 (gài, “to cover”). • a surname
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|praise • picture title
|come together • congregate • meet • cover
|讚 (eumhun 기릴 찬 (giril chan))
|盍 • (hap) · 盍 • (hap) (hangeul 합)
|hanja form of 찬 (“to praise; to laud”) [verbal root; affix]
|Hán-Nôm : tán
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|
|讚
|Hán-Nôm : hạp • Hán-Nôm : khạp
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|盍
|-
|-
|豁
|盎
| ‖  ‖  
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːŋʔ, *qaːŋs) : phonetic 央 (OC *qaŋ) + semantic 皿 (“dish; vessel”) ‖  ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kut³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hat • Middle-Chinese : xwat ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : kut³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huat • Middle-Chinese : xwat ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : òng • Middle-Chinese : 'angX • Middle-Chinese : 'angH ‖  ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : on¹
|open; clear; open-minded • to exempt; to remit • a surname ‖ to slit; to crack • to give up; to sacrifice; to risk one's life ‖ to cheat; to fool • to coax
|(historical) an earthen vessel with a big belly and a small mouth • brimming; overflowing ‖ (Hakka) Alternative form of 罌／罂 (“bottle”) ‖ Used in transcription. • (Cantonese) Short for 盎士 (on¹ si⁶⁻²), alternative form of 安士 (on¹ si⁶⁻², “ounce”).
|
|cup • pot • bowl • abundant
|盎 • (ang) · 盎 • (ang) (hangeul 앙, revised ang, McCune–Reischauer ang, Yale ang)
|동이: an earthen vessel with a big belly and a small mouth • spill over
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|empty
|豁 • (hwal) · 豁 • (hwal) (hangeul 활, revised hwal, McCune–Reischauer hwal, Yale hwal)
|drain off • open, wide
|Hán-Nôm : khoát • Hán-Nôm : hoát • Hán-Nôm : khoạt
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|
|豁
|盎
|-
|-
|豈
|盗
|Possibly a variation of 壴 with the top part modified. May have been the original form of 凱 (“music of triumph”).
|Simplified from 盜 (㳄 → 次)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khí • Middle-Chinese : khj+jX
|(literary, rhetorical question) how; how can it be that (used in rhetorical questions) • (dated) possibly; perhaps (modal particle indicating tentativeness)
| ‖ 豈(あに) • (ani)
|an interjection of surprise ‖ a rhetorical interrogative: (just) how • expresses a strong denial: not at all, not in the least
|豈 (eumhun 어찌 기 (eojji gi)) · 豈 (eumhun 승전악 개 (seungjeonak gae))
|hanja form of 기 (“how, what”)
|canonical : 豈: Hán Việt readings: khởi
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|
|豈
|-
|豌
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoːn) : semantic 豆 (“bean; pea”) + phonetic 宛 (OC *qon, *qonʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Middle-Chinese : 'wan
|Only used in 豌豆 (wāndòu).
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|
|pea
|豌 • (wan) · 豌 • (wan) (hangeul 완, revised wan, McCune–Reischauer wan, Yale wan)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : oản • Hán-Nôm : uyển
|steal, rob
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|
|豌
|-
|豐
|Ideogram (指事) – a pot full of flowers (abundance, plenty). \ Bottom is cognate to 豆, both being a pot on a stand.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Middle-Chinese : phjuwng
|luxuriant; lush • abundant; bountiful; plenty • well-developed; full-grown; shapely; plump • large; great • to enhance; to enlarge • 55th hexagram of the I Ching • Feng, a surname • (historical) Feng (a former capital of China)
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|豐 • (pung) · 豐 • (pung) (hangeul 풍, revised pung, McCune–Reischauer p'ung, Yale phung)
|the 55th hexagram ䷶ (“abundance”)
|Hán-Nôm : phong
|
|
|豐
|盗
|-
|-
|豹
|盞
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːwɢs) : semantic 豸 (“beast; creature”) + phonetic 勺 (OC *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ). Pictogram (象形) in the oracle bone script. \ Exopassive derivative of 駁 (OC *praːwɢ, “piebald (horse)”), literally "the spotted one"; ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bruk (“piebald; speckled”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsreːnʔ) : phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn) + semantic 皿 (“vessel”). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pàu • Middle-Chinese : paewH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsán • Middle-Chinese : tsreanX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan²
|leopard; panther (often more specifically Panthera pardus) (Classifier: 隻／只 m c mn) • a surname
|small cup or container • Classifier for lamps, lanterns, or cups of drink. ‖ (of lifestyle or enjoyment) enjoyable • will only
| ‖ 豹(ひょう) or 豹(ヒョウ) • (hyō) ^(←へう (feu) or ヘウ (feu)?)
| ‖ a leopard (a large wild cat with a spotted coat, Panthera pardus)
|豹 (eumhun 표범 표 (pyobeom pyo))
|hanja form of 표 (“leopard; panther”)
|Hán-Nôm : báo • Hán-Nôm : beo • Hán-Nôm : bươu
|chữ Hán form of báo (“spotted big cat”). • Nôm form of beo (“spotted big cat”).
|豹
|-
|豺
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zrɯː) : semantic 豸 (“creature”) + phonetic 才 (OC *zlɯː, *zlɯːs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄞˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siânn • Middle-Chinese : dzreaj
|dhole (Cuon alpinus)
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|豺 (eumhun 승냥이 시 (seungnyang'i si))
|盞 • (jan) · 盞 • (jan) (hangeul 잔, revised jan, McCune–Reischauer chan, Yale can)
|hanja form of 시 (“dhole”)
|canonical : 豺: Hán Việt readings: sài 豺: Nôm readings: sài • canonical : rài
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|
|豺
|romanization : trản • romanization : chén
|small cup
|盞
|-
|-
|貼
|盥
|table ‖ table \ From English tip. See also 貼士／贴士 (tip³⁻¹ si⁶⁻², “tips”).
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𦥑 (“pair of hands”) + 水 (“water”) + 皿 (“vessel”) – hands holding water from a vessel.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tip³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thueh • Middle-Chinese : thep ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : tip¹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : fun² • Middle-Chinese : kwanX • Middle-Chinese : kwanH
|to paste to; to stick on • to be attached to • (Cantonese) close (at little distance) ‖ (Cantonese) to predict; to guess; to bet on the outcome
|to wash (the hands or face) • washbasin
| ‖ 盥(たらい) • (tarai) ^(←たらひ (tarafi)?)
| ‖ tub, basin
|盥 • (gwan) · 盥 • (gwan) (hangeul 관, revised gwan, McCune–Reischauer kwan, Yale kwan)
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|
|stick; apply; paste
|貼 (eumhun 붙일 첩 (buchil cheop))
|hanja form of 첩 (“stick; adhere”)
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|貼
|盥
|-
|-
|賂
|盧
|Originally a pictogram (象形) – an oven. 虍 and 皿 were added in the bronze inscriptions, and the oven pictogram came to be written 田, making the current form a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *b·raː) : phonetic 虍 (OC *qʰaː) + semantic 田 (“pictogram of an oven”) + semantic 皿 (“vessel”). This sense (“oven”) is now represented by the character 爐／炉 (lú).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : lu
|a surname • (obsolete) rice bowl • (obsolete) black • (Taiwan slang) sloppy • Short for 盧森堡／卢森堡 (Lúsēnbǎo).
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lōo • Middle-Chinese : luH
|bribe; bribery • to bribe; to buy off • (literary) to present (a gift) • (literary) money and goods as gifts; (in general) money and goods
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|
|盧 (eumhun 밥그릇 로 (bapgeureut ro), word-initial (South Korea) 밥그릇 노 (bapgeureut no))
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|
|賂 (eumhun 뇌물 뢰 (noemul roe), word-initial (South Korea) 뇌물 뇌 (noemul noe))
|Hán-Nôm : lư • Hán-Nôm : lờ • Hán-Nôm : lừ • Hán-Nôm : lô • Hán-Nôm : lơ • Hán-Nôm : lợ • Hán-Nôm : lu • Hán-Nôm : lũ • Hán-Nôm : lứa
|hanja form of 뢰/뇌 (“bribe; bribery”)
|Hán-Nôm : lộ
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|
|賂
|盧
|-
|-
|賄
|盪
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷɯːʔ) : semantic 貝 (“cowry; money”) + phonetic 有 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hér • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hué • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huè • Middle-Chinese : xwojX
|(literary) property; belongings • (literary) to give a gift • to bribe • bribe
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|
|to pay • to supply
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tňg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǒng • Middle-Chinese : thang • Middle-Chinese : dangX • Middle-Chinese : thangH
|賄 (eumhun 뇌물(賂物) 회) · 賄 (eumhun 재물(財物) 회)
|to toss; to swing; to rock; to sway; to wave • to cleanse; to wash away; to rinse • to cleanse; to wash away; to rinse · (Mainland China Hokkien) to wash by shaking the water stored in a container (to remove dirt) • to root out; to wipe out; to clear away; to sweep off • to loaf about • (Hakka) to slap with the palm of the hand
|hanja form of 회 (“bribe; bribery”) • hanja form of 회 (“property; belongings”)
|Hán-Nôm : hối
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|
|賄
|
|盪 • (tang) · 盪 • (tang) (hangeul 탕, revised tang, McCune–Reischauer t'ang, Yale thang)
|
|Hán-Nôm : đãng
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|盪
|-
|-
|賠
|眩
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷeːn, *ɡʷeːn) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 玄 (OC *ɡʷeːn). \ Related to 熒 (OC wêŋ). See there for more.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hîn • Middle-Chinese : hwen • Middle-Chinese : hwenH
|dizzy; giddy; vertiginous • (literary) puzzled; bewildered • Alternative form of 炫 (xuàn, “to dazzle”)
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pêr
|to suffer a financial loss • to compensate • to apologize
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|compensation
|眩 • (hyeon, hwan) · 眩 • (hyeon, hwan) (hangeul 현, 환, revised hyeon, hwan, McCune–Reischauer hyŏn, hwan, Yale hyen, hwan)
|賠 • (bae) · 賠 • (bae) (hangeul 배, revised bae, McCune–Reischauer pae, Yale pay)
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|賠
|眩
|-
|-
|賣
|眸
|Characters in the same phonetic series (買) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Originally 𧷓, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mreːs) : semantic 出 (“go out”) + phonetic 買 (OC *mreːʔ, “buy”). \ 出, which indicates exoactive semantics (Sagart, 1999), was eventually reduced to the etymologically unrelated 士. \ Unrelated to 𧶠, which is used as a phonetic component in a number of characters. \ Exoactive of 買 (OC *mreːʔ, “to buy”) (Sagart, 1995; Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m/s-laj ~ *r/s-lej ~ *b-rej (“to buy; to barter”); see there for more.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mu) : semantic 目 + phonetic 牟 (OC *mu).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : māi • Middle-Chinese : meaH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : mjuw
|to sell • to betray; to sell out • to spare no effort; to do one's best • to show off • (Cantonese, of the media) to publish (a piece of news)
|(anatomy) pupil (of the eye) • (by extension) eye
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|to sell
|the pupil of an eye • the iris of an eye • eye
|賣 (eumhun 팔 매 (pal mae))
|眸 • (mo) · 眸 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo, Yale mo)
|hanja form of 매 (“to sell”)
|canonical : 賣: Hán Việt readings: mại 賣: Nôm readings: mải • canonical : mợi
|chữ Hán form of mại (“to sell”).
|賣
|-
|賤
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zlens) : semantic 貝 + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zin⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuānn • Middle-Chinese : dzjenH
|cheap; inexpensive • lowly; low-ranking; poor; plebeian • bad; inferior; poor • mean; base; despicable; obnoxious • (colloquial, derogatory) mean, bitchy, annoying • (colloquial, derogatory) self-deprecating especially when someone insists so much on something, puts so much effort to something but gets nothing they wish for, for example in a romantic relationship • (humble) my • (Min) naughty; restless • to look down upon; to despise • to hate; to detest • a surname: Jian
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|
|cheap, worthless • low-ranking, inferior, humble, plebeian • to despise; to look down upon
|賤 • (cheon) · 賤 • (cheon) (hangeul 천)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : tiện
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|
|賤
|眸
|-
|-
|賭
|眾
|Pictogram (象形) : a sun (日) above three humans (㐺) – people gathered or working under the sun. \ The top, originally 日 (“sun”) in oracle script has been modified, in bronze script resembling instead a horizontal eye (early form of 目) – reinterpreted as “a crowd under someone’s gaze”, and now resembles 罒. \ The bottom, originally three figures (人人人), uses various forms of 人 and 亻, with variation depending on font. \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-toŋ (“thousand”) (Peiros and Starostin, 1996; STEDT); if so, cognate with Tibetan སྟོང (stong, “thousand”), Burmese ထောင် (htaung, “thousand”), Drung tu (“thousand”), Nuosu ꄙ (dur, “thousand”). \ Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) compares this word with Classical Tibetan [script needed] (yong, “in all, at all times, ever before”) and Tibetan ཡོངས (yongs, “all, whole”). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiòng • Middle-Chinese : tsyuwngH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsyuwng
|masses; people; multitude; crowd; everyone • everything; all matters • all the government officials • soldier; army; troops • slave labour in agriculture • (Buddhism) number of monks • many; numerous • majority • various; different • general; common • 32nd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "legion" (𝌥) • a surname ‖ glutinous millet
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : tuX
|Alternative form of 衆
|to gamble; to bet money • (in general) to make a bet; to place a wager
|眾 • (jung) · 眾 • (jung) (hangeul 중, revised jung, McCune–Reischauer chung, Yale cwung)
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|
|bet
|Hán-Nôm : chúng
|賭 • (do) · 賭 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đổ
|眾
|
|賭
|-
|-
|賴
|睏
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːds) : phonetic 剌 (OC *raːd) + semantic 貝 (“cowry”) – to profit. ‖  ‖ From English line.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 困 (OC *kʰuːns).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nāi • Middle-Chinese : lajH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : laai⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˋ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khùn
|to rely; to depend on • to accuse falsely • shameless; impudent; cheeky; brazen • (colloquial) bad • to hang on in a place; to drag out one's stay in a place • to disavow; to deny • to falsely incriminate • to blame; to put the blame upon • a surname ‖ to leave behind; to forget to bring ‖ (Taiwan, colloquial) Line (an instant messaging software)
|sleepy; tired • (dialectal) to sleep
|
|
|request, rely • depend on • accuse falsely
|to sleep; be sleepy, drowsy • to die
|賴 (eumhun 힘 입을 뢰 (him ibeul roe), word-initial (South Korea) 힘 입을 뇌 (him ibeul noe))
|hanja form of 뢰/뇌 (“rely, depend on”) • hanja form of 뢰/뇌 (“accuse falsely”)
|Hán-Nôm : lại • Hán-Nôm : nái • Hán-Nôm : trái
|
|
|賴
|-
|購
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːs) : semantic 貝 (“shellfish”) + phonetic 冓 (OC *koː, *koːs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kio • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káng • Middle-Chinese : kuwH
|to buy; to purchase • (literary) to offer an award (e.g. for the capture of a criminal) • (literary) to hire
|
|
|to buy, to purchase
|Hán-Nôm : khốn
|購 • (gu) · 購 • (gu) (hangeul 구)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cấu
|睏
|
|購
|-
|-
|贊
|睜
|Originally 賛. Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 㚘 + 貝 (“money”) – to help with money. \ Now phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaːns) : phonetic 兟 (OC *srin) + semantic 貝 (“money”).
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàn • Middle-Chinese : tsanH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Middle-Chinese : dzjengX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing
|to help; to support • to agree • (literature) a form and style of writing that summarizes and concludes a narrative, biography, or portrait, etc.
|Used in 眳睜／眳睁. ‖ to open one's eye
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 賛 (help, assist, support)
|to open one's eye • to stare
|贊 (eum 찬 (chan))
|睜 • (jeong) · 睜 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng)
|pupil
|Hán-Nôm : tĩnh • Hán-Nôm : tranh • Hán-Nôm : tránh
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|
|Hán-Nôm : tán
|睜
|
|贊
|-
|-
|赫
|睞
|Duplication of 赤 (“red”), with 赤 (OC *kʰljaɡ) acting as the phonetic component. ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯːs) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 來 (OC *m·rɯːɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : herk • Middle-Chinese : xaek ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : niah
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lāi • Middle-Chinese : lojH
|bright red • bright; luminous • distinguished; eminent; glorious; awe-inspiring • to display; to show off • Alternative form of 嚇／吓 (hè, “to frighten”) • angrily; furiously • (physics) Short for 赫茲／赫兹 (Hèzī, “hertz”). • a surname ‖ (Southern Min) to be frightened
|(literary or Hakka) to glance at; to look sideways at; to squint at
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|赫 • (hyeok) · 赫 • (hyeok) (hangeul 혁, revised hyeok, McCune–Reischauer hyŏk, Yale hyek)
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|Hán-Nôm : hách • Hán-Nôm : hích
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|赫
|-
|趁
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nlanʔ, *l̥ʰɯns, *l'ɯn) : semantic 走 (“to run”) + phonetic 㐱 ().
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : can³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thìn • Middle-Chinese : drin • Middle-Chinese : nrjenX • Middle-Chinese : trhinH
|(literary or Min) to chase; to pursue • (literary or Min) to follow; to accompany • to take advantage of (time, opportunity, etc); to avail oneself of • (Min) to earn (money) • (Mandarin, colloquial) to have a lot of • used to indicate a present situation: while circumstances are optimal • (Eastern Min) from; since • (Mainland China Hokkien) to imitate (someone) • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to shoo away; to drive away (poultry or livestock)
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|趁 • (jin, jeon) · 趁 • (jin, jeon) (hangeul 진, 전, revised jin, jeon, McCune–Reischauer chin, chŏn, Yale cin, cen)
|睞
|
|canonical : 趁: Hán Việt readings: sấn 趁: Nôm readings: sấn • canonical : sán • canonical : sắn • canonical : sớn • canonical : thấn • canonical : xớn
|chữ Hán form of sấn (“chase, "while it is still/right..."”).
|趁
|-
|-
|趟
|睥
|Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs) : semantic 走 (“run”) + phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs). ‖ Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs) : semantic 走 (“run”) + phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs). ‖ Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs) : semantic 走 (“run”) + phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs). ‖ Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs) : semantic 走 (“run”) + phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs). ‖ Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs) : semantic 走 (“run”) + phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Middle-Chinese : traeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Middle-Chinese : traengH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥˊ
|to take a journey • time; occasion • Classifier for journeys or occasions. ‖ Alternative form of 蹚 (tāng, “to wade; to ford”) ‖ Used in 週趟 (“jumping; leaping”). • (ideophonic) jumping; leaping ‖ Only used in 週趟 (“walking; tottering; staggering”). ‖ Only used in 週趟 (“escaping in fear”).
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phè • Middle-Chinese : phejH
|Used in 睥睨 (pìnì).
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|
|睥 • (bi) · 睥 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
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|趟
|睥
|-
|-
|趴
|睨
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 八 (OC *preːd). ‖ Borrowed from Japanese パーセント (pāsento), from English percent. ‖ Clipping of 趴體／趴体 (pātǐ), from English party.
| ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pha ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gio̍h • Middle-Chinese : ngejH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : gîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gîrn
|to lie on one's stomach • to rest one's upper body on a surface; to bend over a surface ‖ (Taiwan) percent ‖ (informal) party
|(literary) to look askance at; to glance at from the side • (archaic) to look at; to watch ‖ (Hokkien) to glare
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|
|to glare at, to scowl at • authority, power • to stare
|睨 • (ye) · 睨 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey)
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|Hán-Nôm : bát • Hán-Nôm : vát
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|趴
|睨
|-
|-
|趾
|睽
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kjɯʔ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ)
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷiːl) : semantic 䀠 (“two eyes”) + phonetic 癸 (OC *kʷilʔ). The 䀠 (jù) (two eyes) component later became a 目 (mù) (eye) component.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsí • Middle-Chinese : tsyiX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khui • Middle-Chinese : khwej
|(anatomy) toe; foot • track; footprint
|opposed; contrary; separated • to separate; to part • to stare; only used in 睽睽 (kuíkuí) and 睽睢. • 38th hexagram of the I Ching
| ‖ 趾(あしゆび) • (ashiyubi)
|toe ‖ (anatomy) toe
|趾 • (ji) · 趾 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : chỉ • Hán-Nôm : nhảy
|staring
|睽 (eum 규 (gyu))
|squint, strabismus • stare
|Hán-Nôm : khóe • Hán-Nôm : khoé • Hán-Nôm : khuê
|
|
|趾
|睽
|-
|-
|跋
|睿
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːd) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 犮 (OC *boːd). \ Cognate with 茇 (OC *poːd, “roots of grass”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Simplified from 叡, see there for more.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pua̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pua̍t • Middle-Chinese : bat
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : juē • Middle-Chinese : ywejH
|(Min) to tumble; to fall down • (Min) to toss; to throw (dice, moon blocks, etc.) • (Southern Min) to gamble • (Hokkien) to use (a scheme, trick, etc.) • to trample; to step; to step on • to trek; to walk; to go by foot; to travel on land • (Hakka) to get up • (Hakka) to climb • (Mainland China Hokkien) to go down; to drop (price, etc.) • (Zhangzhou Hokkien, Wu) to turn around • base of a candle • postscript; epilogue; colophon • a surname
|shrewd; astute; clever; keen; farsighted • emperor • Confucius
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|跋 (eum 발 (bal))
|睿 • (ye) · 睿 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : bạt
|Hán-Nôm : duệ
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|跋
|睿
|-
|-
|跌
|瞇
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'iːɡ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 失 (OC *hliɡ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 目 + phonetic 迷 (OC *miː).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍t • Middle-Chinese : det
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mi
|to fall down • (Cantonese, Hakka, transitive) to drop; to lose • to fall (from the sky); to crash; to drop • (of price, stock) to fall; to drop
|to squint; to narrow one's eyes • (colloquial) to take a nap • (Zhongshan Min Cantonese and Min) to sleep • (Southern Min) to look furtively • (Teochew) to close one's eyes
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|
|to slip • to stumble
|跌 • (jil) · 跌 • (jil) (hangeul 질, revised jil, McCune–Reischauer chil, Yale cil)
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|
|canonical : 跌: Hán Việt readings: điệt • canonical : trật 跌: Nôm readings: chợt • canonical : trượt • canonical : trớt • canonical : trặc • canonical : xớt • canonical : xợt • canonical : đột
|Nôm form of trật (“to miss, to be incorrect, to dislocate”). • Nôm form of trượt (“to slip, to fail, to fall”).
|跌
|-
|跑
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bruː, *bruːɡ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː). \ Compare Proto-Loloish *paw¹ (“to flee”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ The computing sense is a semantic loan from English run. ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pháu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâu • Middle-Chinese : baew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Middle-Chinese : baewk
|to run • to run away; to flee • (dialectal) to walk; to stroll; to go to • to rush about; to make the rounds; to be busy • to leak; to evaporate • to go away; to be gone; to be lost • (computing, colloquial) to run (a program) • (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien) well-liked; popular • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to steal and run away ‖ (of an animal) to paw the earth ‖
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|run • flee • leave in hurry • trot, trotting
|跑 (eumhun 허빌 포 (heobil po))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : bão • Hán-Nôm : bào
|Hán-Nôm : mị
|
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|跑
|瞇
|-
|-
|跛
|瞌
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prals, *paːlʔ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 皮 (OC *bral). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(p/b)aːj (“lame; limp; askew”); compare Proto-Kuki-Chin *ɓa(a)j ~ *pa(a)j (“lame; limp”), Burmese ဖဲ (hpai:, “to avoid”), ဖယ် (hpai, “to push aside”), ပယ် (pai, “to reject”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2014). \ Colloquial readings in some southern varieties preserve the Old Chinese rime (Schuessler, 2007); the colloquial word is written as 𨃅 in Southwestern Mandarin and Xiang. ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰaːb) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 盍 (OC *ɡaːb).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : bai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bo² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : páinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pó • Middle-Chinese : paX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei³ • Middle-Chinese : pjeH
|Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kheh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khereh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khap
|lame; crippled ‖
|^⁜ sleepy • (Cantonese) to doze • (Hokkien, Teochew, Leizhou Min) to close (one's eyes) • (Leizhou Min, Hainanese) to sleep
|
|
|lame; crippled • to stand on one foot; to slant
|跛 • (pa, pi) · 跛 • (pa, pi) (hangeul 파, 피, revised pa, pi, McCune–Reischauer p'a, p'i, Yale pha, phi)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|跛
|
|
|瞌
|-
|-
|跟
|瞑
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯːn) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns). \ Cognate with 根 (OC *kɯːn, “root”) (Wang, 1982). ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *meːn, *meːns, *meːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 冥 (OC *meːŋ, “dark”) – to close one's eyes. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *meːn, *meːns, *meːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 冥 (OC *meːŋ, “dark”) – to close one's eyes. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *meːn, *meːns, *meːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 冥 (OC *meːŋ, “dark”) – to close one's eyes.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄣ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kin • Middle-Chinese : kon ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuè
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mêe • Middle-Chinese : meng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : min⁶ • Middle-Chinese : menH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˊ • Middle-Chinese : men
|heel (of a foot, a shoe or a sock) • to follow • (of a woman) to marry • with (together) • as (in comparisons) • to; with • and (joining nouns) • (dialectal Mandarin) at • (Cantonese) to follow; to abide • (Waxiang) to act for someone • (Waxiang) Used to introduce the direct object of a verb. ‖ (Southern Min) Alternative form of 綴／缀 (“to follow”)
|to close one's eyes • (literary, of eyesight) dim ‖ Only used in 暝眩. ‖ Alternative form of 眠 (“to sleep; to nap”)
|
|
|to close one's eyes; to pass away • dim; dark • blind person
|瞑 • (myeong, myeon) · 瞑 • (myeong, myeon) (hangeul 명, 면, revised myeong, myeon, McCune–Reischauer myŏng, myŏn, Yale myeng, myen)
|
|
|跟 • (geun) · 跟 • (geun) (hangeul 근, revised geun, McCune–Reischauer kŭn, Yale kun)
|Hán-Nôm : manh
|
|Hán-Nôm : cân • Hán-Nôm : ngấn • Hán-Nôm : ngân
|
|
|跟
|瞑
|-
|-
|跨
|瞞
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːʔ, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs) : semantic 足 + phonetic 夸 (OC *kʰʷraː).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moːn) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 㒼 (, “to cover something carefully and tightly without a break”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khua • Middle-Chinese : khwae • Middle-Chinese : khwaeX • Middle-Chinese : khuH • Middle-Chinese : khwaeH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muâ • Middle-Chinese : man
|to step across; to stride • (transitive) to cross over (a wall, river, etc.) • to overstep; to exceed; to surpass • to straddle; to bestride; to ride • to occupy; to hold • transgender; trans • to transition to (gender) • Alternative form of 胯 (kuà, “crotch; groin”)
|to deceive; to lie; to conceal • eyes half-closed
|
|be • sit or stand astride • extend over • straddle
|跨 (eum 과 (gwa))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : khóa • Hán-Nôm : khoá • Hán-Nôm : khuế • Hán-Nôm : khuếu • Hán-Nôm : khuều • Hán-Nôm : khoào • Hán-Nôm : khọa • Hán-Nôm : khoạ • Hán-Nôm : khòa • Hán-Nôm : khoà • Hán-Nôm : khoão • Hán-Nôm : khuễu • Hán-Nôm : khuệu • Hán-Nôm : khùa • Hán-Nôm : khuờ • Hán-Nôm : khụa • Hán-Nôm : khúa • Hán-Nôm : khũa • Hán-Nôm : khuẫu • Hán-Nôm : khoách • Hán-Nôm : khoạc
|deception
|瞞 • (man) · 瞞 • (man) (hangeul 만, revised man, McCune–Reischauer man, Yale man)
|deceive • lie • eyes half-closed
|Hán-Nôm : man
|
|
|跨
|瞞
|-
|-
|跪
|瞟
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰrolʔ, *ɡrolʔ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 危 (OC *ŋrol). \ Perhaps connected with Proto-Vietic *t-kuːlʔ (> Vietnamese gối (“knee”)) (Schuessler, 2007). For the semantic relationship, compare English kneel. Also compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *koj (“bend; curved; lap; bosom”) (STEDT).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuǐ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuī • Middle-Chinese : khjweX • Middle-Chinese : gjweX
|to kneel • foot • (figuratively) to kowtow; to show obedience to
|
|
|
|跪 (eum 궤 (gwe))
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiáu • Middle-Chinese : phjiew • Middle-Chinese : phjiewX
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : quỵ
|to kneel down; to fall on one's knees
|跪
|-
|跺
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 朵 (OC *toːlʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : do² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo
|to stamp one's feet
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Line 13,969: Line 11,101:
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|跺
|瞟
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|踐
|瞠
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zlenʔ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn). \ According to 学研漢和大字典 (Kenkyūsha Kanwa Dai Jiten), the 戔 is also to be interpreted in its meaning of “small” (see 戔戔／戋戋 (jiānjiān)), in which case this character signifies the act of walking in small steps, making it also an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) .
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rtʰaːŋ) : semantic 目 + phonetic 堂 (OC *daːŋ). \ Also occurs in Thai ถลึง (tlʉ̌ng, “to stare fiercely”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiǎn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsán • Middle-Chinese : dzjenX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thenn • Middle-Chinese : trhaeng
|to trample; to tread upon; to walk on • to ascend (to the throne); to inherit • to implement; to carry out; to fulfil • to follow; to abide by • to experience • orderly; well-organised
|to stare at; to gaze at; to glare at
|
|
|stare intently
|瞠 • (dang, cheong) · 瞠 • (dang, cheong) (hangeul 당, 청, revised dang, cheong, McCune–Reischauer tang, ch'ŏng, Yale tang, cheng)
|look at • stare at • gaze at
|Hán-Nôm : xanh
|
|
|踐 • (cheon) · 踐 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen)
|瞠
|-
|瞥
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰed, *pʰeːd) : phonetic 敝 (OC *beds, *bed) + semantic 目 (“eye”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiat • Middle-Chinese : phet • Middle-Chinese : phjiet
|to shoot a glance at
|
|
|
|
|瞥 (eumhun 깜짝할 별 (kkamjjakhal byeol))
|hanja form of 별 (“shoot a glance at”)
|
|
|踐
|瞥 (miết)
|瞥
|-
|-
|踢
|瞰
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰeːɡ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 易 (OC *leːɡs, *leɡ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-t(j/w)ak (“to kick”) (STEDT). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : that • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiak • Middle-Chinese : thek ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : tik¹
|to kick • (figurative) to reject; to eliminate; to give someone the boot • (Internet) to kick (from a group, forum, etc.) ‖ Used in 踢躂舞／踢跶舞.
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khàm • Middle-Chinese : khamH
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thích • Hán-Nôm : dịch
|瞰 • (gam) · 瞰 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)
|to watch • to overlook, look down
|
|
|踢
|
|瞰
|-
|-
|踩
|瞽
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 采.
|From 鼓 (OC *kʷaːʔ, “drum”) (Schuessler, 2007), as musicians were blind in ancient times.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄞˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshái
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo • Middle-Chinese : kuX
|to step on; to trample on • (chiefly Cantonese) to belittle; to denigrate; to criticize • (Internet) to dislike
|blind • undiscerning
| ‖
| ‖
|瞽 • (go) · 瞽 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|
|Hán-Nôm : cổ
|
|
|瞽
|-
|瞿
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷas, *ɡʷa) : phonetic 䀠 (, “eyes”) + semantic 隹 (“bird”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷas, *ɡʷa) : phonetic 䀠 (, “eyes”) + semantic 隹 (“bird”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kù • Middle-Chinese : kjuH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khî • Middle-Chinese : gju
|(literary) shocked; scared; panic-stricken ‖ (historical) halberd-like weapon • Used in 瞿麥／瞿麦. • a surname
|
|
|踩 • (chae) · 踩 • (chae) (hangeul 채, revised chae, McCune–Reischauer ch'ae, Yale chay)
|
|
|瞿 • (gu) · 瞿 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cò • Hán-Nôm : cù • Hán-Nôm : cồ
|
|
|踩
|瞿
|-
|-
|踱
|矇
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bông • Middle-Chinese : muwng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bông • Middle-Chinese : muwng
|to cheat; to deceive; to dupe • to make a wild guess ‖ (literary) blind • Used in 矇矓／蒙眬 (ménglóng).
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho̍h • Middle-Chinese : dak
|to stroll; to pace; to walk slowly • (literary) to walk barefoot • (dialectal) stupid; dull
|
|
|矇 • (mong) · 矇 • (mong) (hangeul 몽, revised mong, McCune–Reischauer mong, Yale mong)
|
|
|踱 • (tak) · 踱 • (tak) (hangeul 탁, revised tak, McCune–Reischauer t'ak, Yale thak)
|
|
|
|
|矇
|-
|矓
|
|
|踱
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông
|-
|蹂
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : nyuw • Middle-Chinese : nyuwX • Middle-Chinese : nyuwH
|
|
|
|
|
|
|蹂 • (yu) · 蹂 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|蹂
|矓
|-
|-
|蹄
|矚
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deː) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 帝 (OC *teːɡs). ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : tai⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tê • Middle-Chinese : dej ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˋ
|hoof • leg of pork • (derogatory) wench ‖ (obsolete) to kick
| ‖ 蹄(ひづめ) • (hizume)
|hoof ‖ a hoof • (figurative, uncommon) an excellent horse, a fast horse • (rare) an ungulate, a hoofed animal
|蹄 • (je) · 蹄 • (je) (hangeul 제)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đề • Hán-Nôm : đế
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsyowk
|to gaze at; to stare at
|
|
|蹄
|look intently
|-
|矚 • (chok) · 矚 • (chok) (hangeul 촉, revised chok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ok, Yale chok)
|蹈
|watch carefully • stare at • focus on
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'uːs) : semantic 足 + phonetic 舀 (OC *lowʔ, *lu, *lo).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tō • Middle-Chinese : dawH
|to step; to tread • to jump; to trample • to obey; to abide by
|
|
|to step on
|蹈 • (do) · 蹈 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đạo • Hán-Nôm : dạo
|矚
|
|蹈
|-
|-
|蹋
|矜
|Corrupted from 矝, which is a Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ) : semantic 矛 (“spear”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs). Modern Mandarin pronunciation follows the corrupted phonetic part 今 (jīn). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khim • Middle-Chinese : king ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gin • Middle-Chinese : gj+n ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaan¹
|to pity; to feel sorry for; to show sympathy for ‖ handle of a spear ‖ Alternative form of 鰥／鳏 (guān, “old man with no wife”) • Alternative form of 瘝 (guān, “to be ill”)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daap⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dap
|pride • respect
|Alternative form of 踏 (“to tread on; to stamp”) • to kick
|矜 • (geung, geun) · 矜 • (geung, geun) (hangeul 긍, 근, revised geung, geun, McCune–Reischauer kŭng, kŭn, Yale kung, kun)
|pity • feel sorry for • show sympathy for
|
|
|step on • tread on • stumble • slip
|蹋 • (dap) · 蹋 • (dap) (hangeul 답, revised dap, McCune–Reischauer tap, Yale tap)
|step on, tread
|
|
|
|矜
|蹋
|-
|-
|蹦
|矽
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 𧾷 + phonetic 崩 (OC *pɯːŋ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 夕 (xī). \ From English silicon. Coined by Chinese scientist Xu Shou in 1871. The term is dated in Mainland China as it is homophonous to 硒 (xī) "selenium" and 錫／锡 (xī) "tin".
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baang⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pìng
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍k
|to hop; to jump
|(chemistry, chiefly Taiwan and Hong Kong, dated in Mainland China) silicon
|
|
|
|
|
|矽 • (seok) · 矽 • (seok) (hangeul 석, revised seok, McCune–Reischauer sŏk, Yale sek)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : băng • Hán-Nôm : bảng
|canonical : 矽: Hán Việt readings: tịch
|
|
|蹦
|矽
|-
|-
|蹬
|砝
|; Etymology 1 \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 石 + abbreviated phonetic 法. \ ; Etymologies 2 and 3 \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːb, *kab) : semantic 石 + phonetic 去 (OC *kʰaʔ, *kʰas). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Middle-Chinese : kjaep ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Middle-Chinese : kap
|Used in 砝碼／砝码 (fǎmǎ). ‖ (obsolete, rare) hard ‖ (obsolete, rare) the sound of rocks
|
|
|Cantonese · Jyutping : dang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dang⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ting • Middle-Chinese : dongH
|to step on; tread on • to press down or out with one's legs and feet • to wear (footwear)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đăng • Hán-Nôm : đắng • Hán-Nôm : đặng
|
|
|蹬
|砝
|-
|-
|蹲
|砥
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zuːn) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 尊 (OC *ʔsuːn) – to sit. ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjelʔ, *tjil, *tjilʔ, *tjils) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 氐 (OC *tiːl, *til).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsun • Middle-Chinese : dzwon ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄣˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄣˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄢˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄣˇ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : té • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tí • Middle-Chinese : tsyij • Middle-Chinese : tsyeX • Middle-Chinese : tsyijX
|to squat; to crouch • (figurative) to stay (somewhere); to remain idle (in a place) • to sit ‖ (dialectal) to sprain one's leg by landing abruptly ‖ Only used in 蹲蹲 (“dancing rhythmically”). ‖ to gather; to assemble ‖ Alternative form of 躦／躜 (zuān), only used in 蹲𧿙. ‖ Only used in 蹲循 and 蹲節／蹲节.
|(literary) fine-grained whetstone • to grind; to polish • to temper oneself; to steel oneself • smooth; level; even
| ‖
| ‖
|蹲 (eum 준 (jun))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đôn • Hán-Nôm : tôn
|
|
|蹲
|砥 • (ji) · 砥 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci)
|-
|躁
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sòo • Middle-Chinese : tsawH
|impetuous; irritable
|
|
|
|
|躁 • (jo) · 躁 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
|砥
|-
|砧
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔl'ɯm) : semantic 石 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tim • Middle-Chinese : trim
|base for beating or chopping · stone base for beating clothes • base for beating or chopping · anvil • base for beating or chopping · base for cutting or lethal sentence • base in general • (Hakka) to hold one's hands in closed fists and to strike with phalanx
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : táo • Hán-Nôm : tháo • Hán-Nôm : rảo
|
|
|躁
|砧 • (chim) · 砧 • (chim) (hangeul 침, revised chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'im, Yale chim)
|-
|躬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuŋ) : semantic 身 (“body”) + phonetic 弓 (OC *kʷɯŋ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *guŋ (“body, back”). Compare Burmese အကောင် (a.kaung, “body”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiong • Middle-Chinese : kjuwng
|body • oneself • in person; personally • to stoop
|
|
|body • self
|Hán-Nôm : châm
|躬 • (gung) · 躬 • (gung) (hangeul 궁, revised gung, McCune–Reischauer kung, Yale kwung)
|body • personally, in person
|Hán-Nôm : cung • Hán-Nôm : còng
|
|
|躬
|砧
|-
|-
|躲
|砭
| ‖  
| ‖  
|Cantonese · Jyutping : do² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : bih
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pian • Middle-Chinese : pjem • Middle-Chinese : pjemH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˇ
|(intransitive) to hide • to avoid; to evade ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 覕／𰴕 (bih, “to hide”)
|(traditional Chinese medicine) stone needle used in acupuncture • (traditional Chinese medicine) to stab with such a needle • to pierce • to treat; to cure • to counsel; advise • (literary) providing constructive criticisms and suggestions ‖ (dialectal) mountain slope; hillside
|
|stone probe • pierce • counsel
|砭 • (pyeom) · 砭 • (pyeom) (hangeul 폄, revised pyeom, McCune–Reischauer p'yŏm, Yale phyem)
|stone needle
|Hán-Nôm : biếm
|
|
|砭
|-
|砲
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đóa • Hán-Nôm : đoá
| ‖ 砲(ほう) • (hō) ^(←はう (fau)?) ‖ 砲(ほう) • (-hō) ^(←はう (fau)?)
|cannon, artillery ‖ gun, firearm • (by extension) Alternative spelling of 大砲 (“cannon, artillery”) ‖ gun • cannon, artillery • ordnance
|砲 (eumhun 대포 포 (daepo po))
|hanja form of 포 (“cannon”)
|Hán-Nôm : pháo
|
|
|躲
|砲
|-
|-
|躺
|硃
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːŋʔ) : semantic 身 (“body”) + phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : tong² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thóng
|to lie face up; to recline
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsyu
|cinnabar • ink made from cinnabar • red • a surname
|
|
|cinnabar
|硃 • (ju) · 硃 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)
|cinnabar
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thưỡng • Hán-Nôm : thảng
|硃
|
|躺
|-
|-
|軸
|硯
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯwɢ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 車 (“cart, carriage”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw, “to pass through”) — the axle that passes through a cartwheel. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯwɢ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 車 (“cart, carriage”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw, “to pass through”) — the axle that passes through a cartwheel.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tio̍k • Middle-Chinese : drjuwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau⁶
|axle; axletree • pivot • axis • spool; roller • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien, Teochew) large, oblong banner of silk carrying an appropriate message (usually for funerals) (Classifier: 幅 mn mn-t) • switch (of a keyboard key) • Classifier for rolled-up things. ‖ (theater, opera) last item on a theatrical performance
| ‖ 軸(じく) • (jiku) ^(←ぢく (diku)?) ‖ 軸(じく) • (-jiku) ^(←ぢく (diku)?)
|axis • pivot ‖ axis ‖ things wrapped about a central rod- scrolls, rolls of material, also yarn balls • central axes • favoured horses
|軸 • (chuk) · 軸 • (chuk) (hangeul 축)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : trục
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiān • Middle-Chinese : ngenH
|inkstone
|
|
|軸
|inkstone
|-
|硯 • (yeon) · 硯 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, Yale yen)
|輕
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰeŋ, *kʰeŋs) : semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ). Explanation of semantic component: light carriage. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-jaːŋ (“light (weight); lightweight”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan ཡང་མོ (yang mo, “light”), Jingpho tsang (tsa̱ŋ³³, “light (of weight)”), Mizo zâng (“light”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khin • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiann • Middle-Chinese : khjieng • Middle-Chinese : khjiengH
|light (of low weight) • small; little; slight; minor; insignificant • lightweight; portable; convenient to carry or manoeuvre • rash; rattlebrained • frivolous; skittish; giddy • easy; simple; relaxed • humble; meagre; inexpensive • gentle; light; soft • to belittle; to make light of • to lighten; to reduce • to forgive; to pardon • light carriage • Short for 輕工業／轻工业 (qīnggōngyè, “light industry”). • (obsolete, chemistry) Alternative name for 氫／氢 (qīng, “hydrogen”).
|
|
|light • easy • simple • gentle
|Hán-Nôm : nghiền • Hán-Nôm : nghiên • Hán-Nôm : nghiễn • Hán-Nôm : nghẽn • Hán-Nôm : khố
|輕 (eumhun 가벼울 경 (gabyeoul gyeong))
|hanja form of 경 (“light”) • hanja form of 경 (“easy, simple”) • hanja form of 경 (“gentle”)
|Hán-Nôm : khinh • Hán-Nôm : khỉnh
|
|
|輕
|硯
|-
|-
|輿
|硼
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la, *las) : phonetic 舁 (OC *la) + semantic 車 (“carriage”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 朋. \ Originally only used in 硼砂 (“borax”): first attested in 《丹方鑑源》 (Tang dynasty), as 大朋砂. The 硼 here is a loanword; compare Middle Persian bwlk' (bōrag). \ The “boron” sense of 硼 is a clipping or back-formation. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yo • Middle-Chinese : yoH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pang⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paang⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paang¹
|cart; carriage • (figurative) earth; land; territory • sedan chair; palanquin • to carry; to lift • public; popular; mass • a surname
|(chemistry) boron ‖ (onomatopoeia) a loud sound • Alternative form of 蹦 (bèng, “to jump”) • Alternative form of 碰 (pèng, “to bump; to touch”)
|
|boron
|硼 • (bung, pyeong) · 硼 • (bung, pyeong) (hangeul 붕, 평)
|
|
|palanquin, litter
|輿 • (yeo) · 輿 • (yeo) (hangeul 여, revised yeo, McCune–Reischauer yŏ, Yale ye)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : dư
|
|
|輿
|硼
|-
|-
|轄
|碉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰaːds, *ɡraːd) : phonetic 害 (OC *ɡaːds) + semantic 車 (“cart”) – linchpin. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰaːds, *ɡraːd) : phonetic 害 (OC *ɡaːds) + semantic 車 (“cart”) – linchpin.
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hat • Middle-Chinese : khajH • Middle-Chinese : haet ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha̍t
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : diu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiau
|to govern; to control • having jurisdiction over • noise of a barrow • rule; control • to run; to manage • linchpin of wheel ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 乏 (“to be moderate; to abstain; to check; to restrict oneself (in food, usage, spending, addiction, etc.)”)
|room made of stone • pillbox; blockhouse
|
|
|
|
|
|轄 (eumhun 다스릴 할 (daseuril hal))
|linchpin • to govern; to control
|Hán-Nôm : hạt • Hán-Nôm : hợt • Hán-Nôm : hặt • Hán-Nôm : hách • Hán-Nôm : hoách
|
|
|轄
|-
|轉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tonʔ, *tons) : semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon). \ Possibly related to: \ * Old Tibetan འདྲུལ ('drul, “to transmit; to communicate”) (Schuessler, 2007), or \ * Tibetan སྲུལ (srul, “to move to and fro; to stir”), Burmese ရွေ့ (rwe., “to move; to be displaced”), ရွှေ့ (hrwe., “to move or shift something”) (Starostin). \ An allofam is perhaps *don (“round”). Compare Vietnamese tròn (“round; circle; entire; whole”), trọn (“fully; completely; all”), as well as the following Chinese words: \ * 團 (OC *doːn, “ball; circle; lump”), \ * 摶 (OC *doːn, *doːn, *donʔ, “to roll up into a ball”). \ Derivative: 傳 (OC *tons, *don, *dons, “to relay; to pass on; to transfer; relay station; biography; record”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tonʔ, *tons) : semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon). \ Possibly related to: \ * Old Tibetan འདྲུལ ('drul, “to transmit; to communicate”) (Schuessler, 2007), or \ * Tibetan སྲུལ (srul, “to move to and fro; to stir”), Burmese ရွေ့ (rwe., “to move; to be displaced”), ရွှေ့ (hrwe., “to move or shift something”) (Starostin). \ An allofam is perhaps *don (“round”). Compare Vietnamese tròn (“round; circle; entire; whole”), trọn (“fully; completely; all”), as well as the following Chinese words: \ * 團 (OC *doːn, “ball; circle; lump”), \ * 摶 (OC *doːn, *doːn, *donʔ, “to roll up into a ball”). \ Derivative: 傳 (OC *tons, *don, *dons, “to relay; to pass on; to transfer; relay station; biography; record”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tonʔ, *tons) : semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon). \ Possibly related to: \ * Old Tibetan འདྲུལ ('drul, “to transmit; to communicate”) (Schuessler, 2007), or \ * Tibetan སྲུལ (srul, “to move to and fro; to stir”), Burmese ရွေ့ (rwe., “to move; to be displaced”), ရွှေ့ (hrwe., “to move or shift something”) (Starostin). \ An allofam is perhaps *don (“round”). Compare Vietnamese tròn (“round; circle; entire; whole”), trọn (“fully; completely; all”), as well as the following Chinese words: \ * 團 (OC *doːn, “ball; circle; lump”), \ * 摶 (OC *doːn, *doːn, *donʔ, “to roll up into a ball”). \ Derivative: 傳 (OC *tons, *don, *dons, “to relay; to pass on; to transfer; relay station; biography; record”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tonʔ, *tons) : semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon). \ Possibly related to: \ * Old Tibetan འདྲུལ ('drul, “to transmit; to communicate”) (Schuessler, 2007), or \ * Tibetan སྲུལ (srul, “to move to and fro; to stir”), Burmese ရွေ့ (rwe., “to move; to be displaced”), ရွှေ့ (hrwe., “to move or shift something”) (Starostin). \ An allofam is perhaps *don (“round”). Compare Vietnamese tròn (“round; circle; entire; whole”), trọn (“fully; completely; all”), as well as the following Chinese words: \ * 團 (OC *doːn, “ball; circle; lump”), \ * 摶 (OC *doːn, *doːn, *donʔ, “to roll up into a ball”). \ Derivative: 傳 (OC *tons, *don, *dons, “to relay; to pass on; to transfer; relay station; biography; record”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuán • Middle-Chinese : trjwenX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuínn • Middle-Chinese : trjwenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄞˇ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuān
|(transitive) to turn; to revolve • to wind; to entwine • winding; circuitous • (transitive) to change; to shift; to alter • to change direction; to turn • (Southwestern Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Hakka, Min, Wu) to return; to come or go back • (Wu) to think; to contemplate; to turn over in one's mind • (Xiamen Hokkien) to mediate; to reconcile • (dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese) Classifier for times or round trips. • to change position; to move • to wave; to flutter • to divert; to transfer • to evade; to avoid • to be transferred to another post • to sell; to transfer the ownership • to transport; to relay; to carry in a cart • to discard; to abandon • to leave; to depart • to chant; to utter (spell); to recite • (Mainland China Hokkien) to circulate capital to meet financial need for turnover • a surname ‖ (intransitive) to revolve; to rotate; to turn • revolution; rotation; turn • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, dialectal Min, dialectal Wu) hair whorl • number of times; time • to wind around; to go around; bypass • to lose (way); to get lost • (colloquial) to stroll; to saunter; to amble; to wander • Alternative form of 囀／啭 (zhuàn, “to chirp; to warble; to chirrup”) • (music) RPM ‖ (Mandarin, colloquial) Alternative form of 拽 (“to act pretentiously; to show off”) ‖ (Min) to twist with force or with a tool
|
|
|(to) shift • (to) move • (to) turn
|碉 (điêu)
|轉 (eumhun 구를 전 (gureul jeon))
|碉
|hanja form of 전 (“(to) turn; (to) move”)
|Hán-Nôm : chuyển • Hán-Nôm : chuyên • Hán-Nôm : chuyền • Hán-Nôm : chuyến
|(to) shift • (to) move • (to) turn
|轉
|-
|-
|辜
|碩
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djaɡ) : phonetic 石 (OC *djaɡ) + semantic 頁.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄛˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sek⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍t • Middle-Chinese : dzyek
|large; big • great; eminent • beautiful; fine • firm; stable • Short for 碩士／硕士 (shuòshì, “master's degree”). • a surname
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Middle-Chinese : ku
|large • great • eminent
|crime; wrong; sin • to let down • a surname
|碩 • (seok) · 碩 • (seok) (hangeul 석, revised seok, McCune–Reischauer sŏk, Yale sek)
|
|
|
|
|辜 (eumhun 허물 고 (heomul go))
|碩 (thạc, thượt)
|hanja form of 고 (“crime; wrong; sin”)
|碩
|Hán-Nôm : cô
|
|辜
|-
|-
|辟
|碼
|In the oracle bone script, it is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 卩 (“kneeling person”) + 䇂 (“sickle-like tool”) – to administer; to regulate; to punish. \ 〇 was sometimes added, though its function is disputed: \ * Lin (1920) suggests that it represents “bind; restrain”. \ * Luo (1927) suggests that it is the original character for 璧 (OC *peɡ, “jade annulus”) and that 辟 is the early form of 璧, with 〇 as the semantic component and ⿰卩䇂 as the phonetic component. Chi (2010), based on this theory, proposes that 〇 acted as a phonetic component in 辟 instead. \ * Yu (1999) suggests that it is a decorative component with no meaning. \ 〇 was later corrupted into 口 or 日. Shuowen interprets 口 as representing the enforcer of the law. \ In the bronze script from the Warring States period, forms where 䇂 is corrupted to 辛 begin to appear (Chi, 2010). \ Officially adopted as the simplified form of 闢 in the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme (《漢字簡化方案》) in 1956 due to homophony and shared semantic fields. ‖ In the oracle bone script, it is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 卩 (“kneeling person”) + 䇂 (“sickle-like tool”) – to administer; to regulate; to punish. \ 〇 was sometimes added, though its function is disputed: \ * Lin (1920) suggests that it represents “bind; restrain”. \ * Luo (1927) suggests that it is the original character for 璧 (OC *peɡ, “jade annulus”) and that 辟 is the early form of 璧, with 〇 as the semantic component and ⿰卩䇂 as the phonetic component. Chi (2010), based on this theory, proposes that 〇 acted as a phonetic component in 辟 instead. \ * Yu (1999) suggests that it is a decorative component with no meaning. \ 〇 was later corrupted into 口 or 日. Shuowen interprets 口 as representing the enforcer of the law. \ In the bronze script from the Warring States period, forms where 䇂 is corrupted to 辛 begin to appear (Chi, 2010). \ Officially adopted as the simplified form of 闢 in the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme (《漢字簡化方案》) in 1956 due to homophony and shared semantic fields.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mraːʔ) : semantic 石 (“stone; rock”) + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ). \ Before Qing dynasty, the character was used in word 碼瑙／码瑙 (Yupian) and 碼頭／码头 (mǎtou) (Stories to Awaken the World), both originally written with 馬／马 (mǎ). \ ; “gambling chip”, “chip for counting” (> “number”), “classifier for things” \ ; “yard” \ ; “kilometer per hour” \ ; “pixelization” \ ; “to reply to a post for reading it later”
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiak • Middle-Chinese : bjiek ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : pik¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiak • Middle-Chinese : phjiek
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bée • Hokkien · Tai-lo : má • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bā • Middle-Chinese : maeX
|(literary) monarch; sovereign • (literary) government official; minister • (literary) to rule; to govern • (literary) crime • to summon; to appoint to an official position • to remove; to drive out • (literary) to avoid; to hide; to dodge • (literary) lame in the leg ‖ (literary) law; (specifically) penal code • to open • to open up • (literary) to make an analogy • (literary) to thump one's chest • (literary) to show bias; to be partial • (literary) remote • (literary) eccentric; perverted • (literary) a tool for catching animals
|Used in 碼瑙／码瑙. • digit; number; code • (of shoes) number of size • (Cantonese, of clothing in general) size • yard (unit of length) • (Cantonese) Classifier for hours (of work). • (computing) code • code, encoding of a Chinese character into the Latin alphabet • Classifier for things, matter. • (colloquial) to pile up • (nonstandard) kilometer per hour • (Mainland China, neologism) pixelization • (Mainland China, neologism) to reply to a post for reading it later • (Mainland China, neologism) to type a document
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|
|
|
|辟 • (baek, byeok, pi, bi, mi) · 辟 • (baek, byeok, pi, bi, mi) (hangeul 백, 벽, 피, 비, 미, revised baek, byeok, pi, bi, mi, McCune–Reischauer paek, pyŏk, p'i, bi, mi, Yale payk, pyek, phi, pi, mi)
|碼 • (ma) · 碼 • (ma) (hangeul 마)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : vếch • Hán-Nôm : tích • Hán-Nôm : bích • Hán-Nôm : thịch • Hán-Nôm : tịch • Hán-Nôm : phích • Hán-Nôm : thí
|Hán-Nôm : mã
|
|
|辟
|碼
|-
|-
|辭
|磋
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𤔔 + 辛.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlaːl) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 差 (OC *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːls, *sʰral).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sî • Middle-Chinese : zi
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : co¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsha • Middle-Chinese : tshwaH
|diction; phraseology; speech; words • Ci (a form of classical poetry) • (obsolete) legal statement; deposition; testimony; confession • to depart; to take one's leave • to dismiss; to discharge; to fire • to resign; to hand in • to shirk; to decline • to apologize (to accept fault and invite the pardon of the offended) • to excuse; to make up excuses (to provide explanation to lessen someone's fault)
|(literal) to polish • ^⁜ (figurative) to deliberate
| ‖
|words • speech • expression • phrase ‖
|辭 (eumhun 말씀 사 (malsseum sa))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : từ
|
|
|辭
|磋 • (cha) · 磋 • (cha) (hangeul 차, revised cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'a, Yale cha)
|-
|辯
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *brenʔ) : phonetic 辡 (OC *prenʔ, *brenʔ) + semantic 言 (“say”). \ Cognate with 辨 (OC *breːns, *brenʔ, “to distinguish”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piǎn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piān • Middle-Chinese : bjenX
|to debate; to argue; to discuss • Alternative form of 辨 (“to distinguish; to differentiate”)
| ‖ 辯(べん) • (-ben)
| ‖ dialect
|辯 (eumhun 말씀 변 (malsseum byeon))
|hanja form of 변 (“debate; discuss”)
|Hán-Nôm : biện
|
|
|辯
|Hán-Nôm : tha
|-
|迂
|Schussler (2007) relates it to 匡 (OC *kʰʷaŋ), 腕 (OC *qoːns), 冤 (OC *qon), & 枉 (OC *qʷaŋʔ). Allofams are possibly 弧 (OC *ɡʷlaː), 委 (OC *qrol, *qrolʔ), and 夭 (OC *qoːwʔ, *qrow, *qrowʔ), which Coblin (1986) (apud Schuessler, 2007) considers as cognate to Tibetan ཡོ་བ (yo ba, “oblique, aslant”), གཡོ་བ (g.yo ba, “tilt”), གཡོས (g.yos); however, see 夭 (yāo). Ratliff (2010) links it with Proto-Hmong-Mien *qʷuw (“far”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : u • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i • Middle-Chinese : hju • Middle-Chinese : 'ju • Middle-Chinese : 'juX
|circuitous • pedantic • far • wide • slow • evil • exaggerated • a surname
| ‖ 迂(う) • (u)
|roundabout way ‖ roundabout; detour • ignorant
|迂 • (o, u) · 迂 • (o, u) (hangeul 오, 우, revised o, u, McCune–Reischauer o, u, Yale o, wu)
|doctrinaire, abstruse, unrealistic
|Hán-Nôm : vu
|
|
|迂
|磋
|-
|-
|迄
|磐
|Uncertain. 迄 (MC xj+t) could be related to 暨 (MC gjijH), but, within the same word family fricative, MC *x-does not alternate with velar stop *g-; alternatively, maybe related to 詣／诣 (yì) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baːn) : phonetic 般 (OC *praːn, *paːn, *baːn) + semantic 石 (“stone”). \ ; “large rock”
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : git • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gut • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gert • Middle-Chinese : xj+t
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuân • Middle-Chinese : ban
|(literary) to reach; to arrive • (literary) until; up to • (literary) as yet; finally; after all
|large rock; boulder • stable; firm • Alternative form of 盤／盘 (pán, “to linger; to not move away”)
|
|
|until, up to
|rock
|迄 • (heul) · 迄 • (heul) (hangeul 흘, revised heul, McCune–Reischauer hŭl, Yale hul)
|磐 • (ban) · 磐 • (ban) (hangeul 반, revised ban, McCune–Reischauer pan, Yale pan)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bàn
|
|
|
|磐
|迄
|-
|-
|迢
|磚
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deːw) : semantic 辵 (“to walk”) + phonetic 召 (OC *dews, *djews).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjon) : semantic 石 (“rock”) + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tiu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiâu • Middle-Chinese : dew
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuan • Middle-Chinese : tsywen
|far; distant
|brick (Classifier: 塊／块 m) • tile; paving • (computing slang, figurative) brick (an electronic device, especially a heavy box-shaped one, that has become non-functional or obsolete)
|
|
|brick
|磚 • (jeon) · 磚 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
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|
|迢 (eum 초 (cho))
|Hán-Nôm : chuyên • Hán-Nôm : gạch
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|Hán-Nôm : điều • Hán-Nôm : thiều
|磚
|
|迢
|-
|-
|迪
|磬
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 殸 + 石 (“stone”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hing³ • Middle-Chinese : khengH
|stone chimes; sounding stone; qing • (Buddhism) inverted bell (a Buddhist percussion instrument)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Middle-Chinese : dek
|upside-V-shaped gong
|to enlighten; to guide • to employ • to implement; to put into practice • to follow; to comply • to advance; to progress • Short for 迪斯科 (dísīkē, “disco”). • a surname
|磬 (eum 경 (gyeong))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : khánh
|
|
|迪 (eum 적 (jeok))
|磬
|-
|磯
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯl) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 幾 (OC *kɯl, *kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl, *ɡɯls).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Middle-Chinese : kj+j
|(obsolete, of waves) to pound against rocks • (obsolete, figurative) to enrage; to offend • rock jutting out of the water at the shore; rocky beach
|
|seashore; rocky beach • rock; pebble
|磯 • (gi) · 磯 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : địch
|Hán-Nôm : ki • Hán-Nôm : cơ
|
|
|迪
|磯
|-
|-
|逗
|磴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doːs, *dos) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 豆 (OC *doːs). \ ; “to stay; to remain; to stop”
| ‖  ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : dau⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuì • Middle-Chinese : drjuH • Middle-Chinese : duwH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dang³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìng • Middle-Chinese : tongH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄥ
|to amuse; to tease • funny; ridiculous; amusing • to tempt; to allure • (chiefly in the negative) to play around • to stay; to remain; to stop • Alternative form of 讀／读 (dòu, “short pause in reading; part of a sentence; clause”)
|(literary) stone steps on ledge, cliff, or hill • (literary) stone bridge with steps • stone bench; stone stool • Classifier for steps or rungs. ‖ to kick ‖ to increase; to grow
|
|
|
|
|逗 • (du) · 逗 • (du) (hangeul 두, revised du, McCune–Reischauer tu, Yale twu)
|磴 • (deung) · 磴 • (deung) (hangeul 등, revised deung, McCune–Reischauer tŭng, Yale tung)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|逗
|磴
|-
|-
|逛
|磺
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 石 (“rock; stone”) + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : n̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uînn
|^⁜ (chemistry) sulfur, brimstone • (chemistry) sulfonyl
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaang⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwaang³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kòng • Middle-Chinese : kjwangX
|sulfur
|to stroll; to roam; to wander
|磺 • (gwang) · 磺 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, Yale kwang)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|磺
|-
|礙
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɯːs) : semantic 石 + phonetic 疑 (OC *ŋɯ). \ Uncertain, possibly Sino-Tibetan; compare Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔgak, Tibetan འགག ('gag, “obstruction, stoppage”), བཀག (bkag, “blockage, barricade, barrier”), དགག (dgag, “block, inhibit, obstruct”) & འགེགས་པ ('gegs pa, “hinder, thwart, obstruct”) (Bodman, 1980), as Tibeto-Burman voice stops sometimes correspond to Chinese nasal initials (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gāi • Middle-Chinese : ngojH
|to obstruct; to hinder; to block; to deter • obstruction; hindrance
|
|obstruction
|礙 • (ae) · 礙 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ay)
|
|Hán-Nôm : ngại • Hán-Nôm : ngái
|
|
|礙
|-
|礦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷraːŋʔ) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 廣 (OC *kʷaːŋʔ).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : kwong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khòng • Middle-Chinese : kwaengX
|mineral deposit • ore • mine • a surname: Kuang
|
|
|Alternative form of 鉱: mineral
|礦 • (gwang, hwang) · 礦 • (gwang, hwang) (hangeul 광, 황, revised gwang, hwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, hwang, Yale kwang, hwang)
|mineral, ore
|Hán-Nôm : khoáng • Hán-Nôm : quáng • Hán-Nôm : khoắng
|
|
|逛
|礦
|-
|-
|逞
|礪
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰeŋʔ) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 呈 (OC *rleŋ, *l'eŋs).
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thíng • Middle-Chinese : trhjengX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Middle-Chinese : ljejH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : luè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lè
|to brag; to show off; to flaunt • to succeed in; to achieve (something bad) • to indulge oneself; to gratify one's desires • (obsolete) to be satisfied; to be gratified
|whetstone • to whet; to sharpen ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 鑢／𮣶 (“to rub; file (tool); to file”)
|
|
|
|sturdy • brawny • bold
|礪 • (ryeo>yeo) · 礪 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
|逞 • (ryeong>yeong, jeong) · 逞 • (ryeong>yeong, jeong) (hangeul 령>영, 정, revised ryeong>yeong, jeong, McCune–Reischauer ryŏng>yŏng, chŏng, Yale lyeng>yeng, ceng)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|逞
|礪
|-
|-
|週
|礫
|Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 辶 (“walking”) + phonetic 周 (OC *tjɯw). \ Same word as 周 (OC *tjɯw).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːwɢ) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 樂 (OC *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ) \ From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b-rak. Cognate with Drung ɑ³¹ pɹɑʔ⁵⁵ luŋ⁵⁵ (“rock”) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːwɢ) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 樂 (OC *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ) \ From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b-rak. Cognate with Drung ɑ³¹ pɹɑʔ⁵⁵ luŋ⁵⁵ (“rock”) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːwɢ) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 樂 (OC *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ) \ From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b-rak. Cognate with Drung ɑ³¹ pɹɑʔ⁵⁵ luŋ⁵⁵ (“rock”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiu
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Middle-Chinese : lek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ
|week • circumference • turn; cycle • anniversary
|gravel; pebbles; potsherds ‖ Only used in 卓礫／卓砾. ‖ ^‡ Appearance of white stones/rocks.
| ‖ 週(しゅう) • (shū) ^(←しう (siu)?) ‖ 週(しゅう) • (-shū) ^(←しう (siu)?) ‖ 週(しゅう) • (Shū) ^(←しう (siu)?)
| ‖ 礫(れき) • (reki) ‖ 礫(つぶて) • (tsubute) ‖ 礫(つぶて) • (Tsubute) ‖ 礫(たぶて) • (tabute) ‖ 礫(こいし) • (koishi) ‖ 礫(たびいし) • (tabiishi)
|week ‖ a week (unit of time) ‖ weeks ‖ a male or female given name
|pebble, stone ‖ a small stone or pebble, especially one used for throwing • gravel ‖ a small stone or pebble, especially one used for throwing ‖ a place name ‖ (obsolete) a small stone or pebble, especially one used for throwing ‖ Alternative spelling of 小石 (koishi): a small stone or pebble ‖ a small stone or pebble, especially one used for throwing
|週 (eumhun 돌 주 (dol ju))
|礫 (eumhun 조약돌 력 (joyakdol ryeok), word-initial (South Korea) 조약돌 역 (joyakdol yeok))
|hanja form of 주 (“week (unit of time)”)
|hanja form of 력/역 (“pebble”)
|Hán-Nôm : chu • Hán-Nôm : châu
|
|
|週
|
|礫
|-
|-
|逼
|礬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯɡ) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 畐 (OC *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ). ‖ Probably from 別／别 (piat). ‖  ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ban) : phonetic 樊 (OC *ban) + semantic 石 (“stone”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piak • Middle-Chinese : pik ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : pik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : piak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pik
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huân • Middle-Chinese : bjon
|to compel; to pressure; to force • to press for; to extort • to approach; to press on • (literary) narrow • (Cantonese) crowded; packed ‖ (Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to interpret (one's fortune, etc.) ‖ (Mandarin) Alternative form of 屄 (bī) ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 煏
|alum
|
|
|to approach • to compel; to force
|逼 (eumhun 핍박할 핍 (pipbakhal pip))
|hanja form of 핍 (“to force; to compel”)
|Hán-Nôm : bức • Hán-Nôm : bực
|
|
|逼
|礬 • (ban) · 礬 • (ban) (hangeul 반)
|
|Hán-Nôm : phàn • Hán-Nôm : phèn
|
|礬
|-
|-
|逾
|礼
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lo) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo).
|Based on an ancient form of 禮 recorded in Shuowen as . In regular script, the earliest record can be traced back to the Tang dynasty orthographical dictionary Ganlu Zishu 《干祿字書》. \ In modern form: Simplified from 禮 (示 → 礻 and 豊 → 乚).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jî • Middle-Chinese : yu
|^† to go over; to pass over; to exceed • (literary) even more
|
|
|
|
|逾 • (yu) · 逾 • (yu) (hangeul 유)
| ‖ 礼(れい) • (rei)
|manners; etiquette ‖ a bow, the gesture of bending at the waist • an expression of thanks or gratitude
|礼 (eum 례 (rye), word-initial (South Korea) 예 (ye))
|Alternative form of 禮
|canonical : 礼: Hán Việt readings: lễ 礼: Nôm readings: lạy • canonical : lẫy • canonical : lấy • canonical : trễ • canonical : lẻ • canonical : lãi • canonical : lễ • canonical : rẻ • canonical : trẻ • canonical : rẽ • canonical : lẩy • canonical : lệ • canonical : lưỡi • canonical : lẽ • canonical : lởi • canonical : lỡi • canonical : trẩy • canonical : lể
|Alternative form of 禮
|礼
|-
|祁
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡril, *kljilʔ) : phonetic 示 (OC *ɡle, *ɢljils) + semantic 邑 (“place”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡril, *kljilʔ) : phonetic 示 (OC *ɡle, *ɢljils) + semantic 邑 (“place”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : gjij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˇ • Middle-Chinese : tsyijX
|great • (～縣) Qi County (a county of Jinzhong, Shanxi, China) • Short for 祁門／祁门 (Qímén). • Short for 祁陽／祁阳 (Qíyáng). • ^‡ numerous; ample; abundant • a surname ‖
|
|
|
|
|祁 • (gi) · 祁 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|
|
|逾
|canonical : 祁: Hán Việt readings: kì • canonical : kỳ 祁: Nôm readings: kì • canonical : kỳ
|chữ Hán form of Kì (“a surname”).
|祁
|-
|-
|遏
|祆
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːd) : semantic 辵 (“to walk”) + phonetic 曷 (OC *ɡaːd).
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰliːn) : semantic 礻 + phonetic 天 (OC *qʰl'iːn, “heaven”). \ Cognate with 天 (OC *qʰl'iːn).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : at • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a̍t • Middle-Chinese : 'at
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hian • Middle-Chinese : xen
|to stop; to suppress; to curb; to check • (Hokkien) to snap something off; to break something • (Hokkien) to drain; to strain (by pressing down on the solids) • (Hokkien) to drain; to strain (by pressing down on the solids) · (Taiwanese Hokkien) to scoop off the scum on the surface of a soup while pressing down on the solids with a ladle
|Ahura Mazda, god of the Zoroastrians
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|
|
|
|
|遏 • (al) · 遏 • (al) (hangeul 알, revised al, McCune–Reischauer al, Yale al)
|
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|
|
|遏
|祆
|-
|-
|遙
|祇
|
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡe) : semantic 示 + phonetic 氏 (OC *skeŋ, *kje, *ɡjeʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâu • Middle-Chinese : yew
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : gjie
|distant; far away
|earth spirit • big • to feel relieved; to be at ease • this
|
|
|
|
|遙 • (yo) · 遙 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
|祇 • (gi, ji) · 祇 • (gi, ji) (hangeul 기, 지, revised gi, ji, McCune–Reischauer ki, chi, Yale ki, ci)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : diêu • Hán-Nôm : dao • Hán-Nôm : dìu
|canonical : 祇: Hán Việt readings: chi • canonical : chỉ • canonical : kì • canonical : kỳ 祇: Nôm readings: chỉ
|
|
|遙
|祇
|-
|-
|遜
|祐
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *suːns) : semantic 辵 (“to walk”) + phonetic 孫 (OC *suːn). \ Cognate with 孫 (OC *suːn, “grandchild”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷɯs) : semantic 礻 (“spirit”) + phonetic 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs). \ Exoactive of 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs, “right (side)”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sùn • Middle-Chinese : swonH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iū • Middle-Chinese : hjuwH
|humble; modest • to abdicate; (of an emperor) to give up the throne • (literary) inferior • (literary) to flee; to escape; to evade • (Internet slang) lame
|(of divinity) to assist; to bless; to protect • Alternative form of 佑 (yòu, “to assist”) • a surname
| ‖ 祐(ゆう) • (Yū) ^(←いう (iu)?) ‖ 祐(ひろし) • (Hiroshi)
|divine help, divine protection ‖ a surname • a male or female given name ‖ a male given name
|祐 • (u) · 祐 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u, Yale wu)
|
|
|modest; humble • inferior • to defer, to give up something • to escape, to flee
|Hán-Nôm : hựu • Hán-Nôm : hữu
|遜 (eumhun 겸손할 손 (gyeomsonhal son))
|hanja form of 손 (“modesty”)
|Hán-Nôm : tốn
|
|
|遜
|祐
|-
|-
|遞
|祗
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːʔ, *l'eːs) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 虒 (OC *sle). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːʔ, *l'eːs) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 虒 (OC *sle). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːʔ, *l'eːs) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 虒 (OC *sle).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjil) : semantic 示 + phonetic 氐 (OC *tiːl, *til).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tè • Middle-Chinese : dejX • Middle-Chinese : dejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daai³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sai⁶
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsi • Middle-Chinese : tsyij
|to take turns; to do something in turns; to alternate; to substitute • to pass; to hand over; to deliver; to transmit • (literary, or in compounds) in succession; in order; successively; progressively • posthouse; post carriage • (Cantonese) to lift; to raise ‖ to surround; to twine; to twist around ‖ Alternative form of 逝 (shì, “to pass”)
|(literary) to respect; to look up to; to revere
|
|
|to respect; to look up to • earnestly; just
|祗 (eumhun 공경(恭敬)할 지 (gonggyeonghal ji))
|
|
|遞 (eumhun 갈마들 체 (galmadeul che))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đệ • Hán-Nôm : đự • Hán-Nôm : đư • Hán-Nôm : đưa
|
|
|遞
|祗
|-
|-
|遲
|祚
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'il) : semantic 辶 (“motion”) + phonetic 犀 (OC *sliːl) – to move slowly, to be late. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'il) : semantic 辶 (“motion”) + phonetic 犀 (OC *sliːl) – to move slowly, to be late.
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tî • Middle-Chinese : drij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsōo • Middle-Chinese : dzuH
|late; tardy • slow; sluggish (of action or thought) • to delay; to linger • to hesitate • a surname ‖ to await • to long for; to wish • upon; then; consequently
|
|
|
|late, tardy • slow • delay
|遲 • (ji, chi) · 遲 • (ji, chi) (hangeul 지, 치, revised ji, chi, McCune–Reischauer chi, ch'i, Yale ci, chi)
|
|
|祚 • (jo) · 祚 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tộ
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|遲
|祚
|-
|-
|邀
|祺
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qlew, *kleːw) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 敫 (OC *kleːwɢs, *ɢlewɢ, *kleːwɢ). ‖ Compare Hokkien 交 (kiau).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯ, *ɡɯ) : semantic 示 + phonetic 其 (OC *kɯ, *ɡɯ).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io • Middle-Chinese : kew • Middle-Chinese : 'jiew ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : gi
|to invite; to welcome • to intercept; to block • (literary) to await the arrival of and welcome • (literary) to solicit; to seek • (literary) to meet; to intercept • (Northern Min, Waxiang) and ‖ to lead; to bring (someone) • to give birth to • to look after (someone); to take care of
|auspicious; propitious • good luck; felicity
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|
|
|祺 • (gi) · 祺 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|
|
|邀 • (yo) · 邀 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
|Hán-Nôm : kì
|
|
|canonical : 邀: Hán Việt readings: yêu
|祺
|chữ Hán form of yêu (“invite”).
|邀
|-
|-
|邊
|禅
|Originally 臱. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mpeːn) : phonetic 臱 (OC *men) + semantic 辶 (“walking;movement”). The semantic component 辵 (now 辶) was added during bronze inscriptions. \ Perhaps cognate with 偏 (OC *pʰen, *pʰens, “side; oblique”), 片 (OC *pʰeːns, “partial; one-sided”), 諞 (OC *ben, *brenʔ, *benʔ, “glib-tongued; insincere”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ ; “to have hot pot” ‖
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pian • Middle-Chinese : pen ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : bin¹
|edge; side; margin; brim • decorative border • side (place next to an object) • border; boundary • (geometry) side (Classifier: 條／条) • (graph theory) side (Classifier: 條／条) • limit; boundary • side (of a family, negotiation, etc.) • Suffix for locality noun. • (Cantonese) close to edges • (used before each verb of simultaneous actions) while • (used after numerals or words indicating time) close to; near • (Hong Kong Cantonese, usually reduplicated, always used with 佢) to have hot pot • a surname: Bian ‖ (Cantonese) which • (Cantonese) where • (Cantonese, rhetorical question) how
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|
|
|
|邊 (eumhun 가 변 (ga byeon))
| ‖ 禅(ぜん) • (zen) ‖ 禅(ぜん) • (Zen)
|hanja form of 변 (“edge”) • hanja form of 변 (“side”)
|Chinese emperor sacrifice ceremony • Chinese emperor abdicating the throne • meditative concentration • dhyana, Zen Buddhism ‖ (Buddhism) dhyana-samadhi: • (Buddhism) the disciplines and doctrine of Zen Buddhism • Short for 座禅 (zazen): a sitting position in a Zen meditation ‖ (Buddhism) Short for 禅宗 (Zenshū): Zen Buddhism • a surname
|Hán-Nôm : biên • Hán-Nôm : ben • Hán-Nôm : bên • Hán-Nôm : ven
|禅 • (seon) · 禅 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen)
|Zen
|
|
|邊
|
|禅
|-
|-
|邸
|禎
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai² • Middle-Chinese : tejX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Middle-Chinese : trjeng
|residence of a high-ranking official • (literary) lodging house • a surname
|lucky; auspicious • good omen
|
|
|(さいわい) divine grace • (さいわい) auspicious • (ただしい) straight, unwarped
|禎 • (jeong) · 禎 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
|
|
|邸 • (jeo) · 邸 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)
|house • government office
|
|
|
|
|邸
|禎
|-
|-
|郁
|禦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʷɯ) : phonetic 有 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ) + semantic 邑.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaʔ, *ŋas) : phonetic 御 (OC *ŋas) + semantic 示.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iok • Middle-Chinese : 'juwk
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gīr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gī • Middle-Chinese : ngjoX
|Used in 郁夷 (“name of an ancient county in modern-day Shaanxi province”). • sweet-smelling; rich in aroma; fragrant • Alternative form of 彧 (yù, “adorned; elegant; ornate”) • Alternative form of 薁 (“oriental bush berry”) • Alternative form of 燠 (“warm”) • fruit which lacks a kernel or stone inside • a surname
|to defend, to resist, to hold out against
| ‖ 郁(いく) • (iku) ‖ 郁(かおる) • (Kaoru)
|culture, cultural progress • fragrance, perfume ‖ fragrant; sweet-smelling • cultured; refined ‖ a unisex given name
|郁 • (uk) · 郁 • (uk) (hangeul 욱, revised uk, McCune–Reischauer uk, Yale wuk)
|sweet smelling • rich in aroma
|Hán-Nôm : hóc
|
|
|郁
|-
|鄂
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːɡ) : phonetic 咢 (OC *ŋaːɡ) + semantic 阝 (“area”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : go̍k • Middle-Chinese : ngak
|E (an ancient state located in modern Shanxi, Henan and Hubei, China) • name of two ancient counties in Hubei and Henan • name of an ancient city in modern Shanxi • a region of ancient China around Nanyang in present-day eastern Henan • Short for 湖北 (Húběi).: Hubei (a province of China) • forehead • tool to capture animals • a surname
|
|
|禦 (eum 어 (eo))
|
|
|鄂 (eum 악 (ak))
|Hán-Nôm : ngữ • Hán-Nôm : ngừa • Hán-Nôm : ngự
|E (an ancient state located in modern Shanxi, Henan and Hubei, China) • name of two ancient counties in Hubei and Henan • name of an ancient city in modern Shanxi • a region of ancient China around Nanyang in present-day eastern Henan • Abbreviation of 湖北: Hubei (a province of China)
|Hán-Nôm : ngạc
|
|
|鄂
|禦
|-
|-
|鄙
|禧
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯʔ) : phonetic 啚 (OC *prɯʔ, *daː) + 邑.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlɯ, *qʰlɯʔ) : semantic 示 + phonetic 喜 (OC *qʰlɯʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Middle-Chinese : pijX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi • Middle-Chinese : xi
|mean; ignoble • (humble) my • (literary) to despise; to hold in contempt • (literary) countryside; country • (literary) remote place; march
|favourable luck; good fortune; auspiciousness; blessings
| ‖ 鄙(とひと) • (tohito)
|
| ‖ (archaic, derogatory) a countrified or rustic person: a hick, a bumpkin
|鄙 • (bi) · 鄙 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|mean • low
|Hán-Nôm : bỉ • Hán-Nôm : bẽ
|
|
|鄙
|禧 • (hui) · 禧 • (hui) (hangeul 희, revised hui, McCune–Reischauer hŭi, Yale huy)
|-
|鄰
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rin) : phonetic 粦 (OC *rins) + semantic 阝.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîn • Middle-Chinese : lin
|neighbor; neighborhood • to be neighboring; to be adjacent
|
|
|neighbor • neighborhood
|鄰 (eumhun 이웃 린 (iut rin), word-initial (South Korea) 이웃 인 (iut in))
|hanja form of 린/인 (“neighbor”) • hanja form of 린/인 (“neighborhood”)
|Hán-Nôm : lân • Hán-Nôm : láng • Hán-Nôm : lăn • Hán-Nôm : trăn • Hán-Nôm : trằn
|
|
|鄰
|-
|酗
|Written as 䣱 in Shuowen. Compare 醺 (OC *qʰun). \ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰos) : semantic 酉 (“alcohol”) + phonetic 凶 (OC *qʰoŋ, “bad”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hì • Middle-Chinese : xjuH
|to be given to heavy drinking • to be roaring drunk; to become violent under the influence of alcohol
|
|
|drunk • to become violent under the influence of alcohol
|禧
|酗 • (hu) · 酗 • (hu) (hangeul 후, revised hu, McCune–Reischauer hu, Yale hwu)
|drunk • to become violent under the influence of alcohol
|canonical : 酗: Hán Việt readings: hú • canonical : húng • canonical : hung 酗: Nôm readings: hú
|chữ Hán form of húng (“drunk”).
|酗
|-
|-
|酣
|禱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢaːm) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 酉 (“alcohol”) + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ham • Middle-Chinese : ham
|to drink alcohol to one's heart's content • to enjoy drinking alcohol • in a carefree manner; to the fullest and joyfully • (of a fight) intense; fierce
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou² • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : tawX • Middle-Chinese : tawH
|to pray
|
|
|酣 • (geom) · 酣 • (geom) (hangeul 검, revised geom, McCune–Reischauer kŏm, Yale kem)
|pray • entreat • beg • plead • prayer
|禱 • (do) · 禱 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to)
|to pray
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hàm • Hán-Nôm : ham
|
|
|酣
|禱
|-
|-
|酥
|禿
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋaː) : semantic 酉 (“alcohol”) + abbreviated phonetic 穌 (OC *sŋaː).
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 毛 (“hair”) + 儿 (“person”). 毛 later corrupted into 禾.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : soo • Middle-Chinese : su
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thut • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thu̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuh • Middle-Chinese : thuwk
|(archaic) butter • alcohol • crispy; flaky; crunchy; crumbly • flaky pastry; shortbread • weak; limp • soft; satiny
|(of a person's scalp) having little or no hair; bald • (of a mountain, vegetation, etc.) bare; barren; stripped • (of a tool) blunt • (of a work) unfinished; unsatisfactory • (Quanzhou Hokkien) slick and sly, hard to deal with (especially due to age) • (Shanghainese) all, everything
| ‖ 禿(はげ) • (hage) ‖ 禿(かむろ) • (kamuro) ‖ 禿(かぶろ) • (kaburo) ‖ 禿(とく) • (toku) ‖ 禿(はげ) • (Hage)
| ‖ baldness • treelessness ‖ bobbed hair • baldness • young girl attendant of a high-class prostitute ‖ bobbed hair • baldness • young girl attendant of a high-class prostitute ‖ bald ‖ (Internet slang, sometimes derogatory, sometimes offensive) SoftBank (telecommunications company based in Japan) • (Internet slang, sometimes derogatory, sometimes offensive) Masayoshi Son
|禿 • (dok) · 禿 • (dok) (hangeul 독, revised dok, McCune–Reischauer tok, Yale tok)
|Bald
|
|
|milk
|酥 • (so) · 酥 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
|butter • flaky • crispy, light, fluffy
|Hán-Nôm : tô
|
|
|酥
|禿
|-
|-
|醇
|秘
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djun) : semantic 酉 + phonetic 𦎧 ().
|In current form: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mpriɡs) : semantic 禾 + phonetic 必 (OC *pliɡ). \ Variant (俗字) of 祕 via 示 → 禾. \ Read mì instead of bì in Mandarin as a result of conflation with 密 (mì) (c.f. 秘密 (mìmì)) (Fu, 1958).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn • Middle-Chinese : dzywin
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pì • Middle-Chinese : pijH
|(of alcoholic drink) rich; pure • rich alcoholic drink • Alternative form of 純／纯 (“pure”) • (organic chemistry) alcohol
|secret; undisclosed; confidential • mysterious; abstruse • rare; scarce; extraordinary • to keep as a secret • to block • Short for 秘書／秘书 (mìshū, “secretary”). • Short for 秘魯／秘鲁 (Bìlǔ, “Peru”). • a surname
|
|
|rich wine
|secret; confidential
|醇 (eum 순 (sun))
|秘 • (bi) · 秘 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thuần
|Hán-Nôm : bí
|
|
|醇
|秘
|-
|-
|醋
|秣
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːɡs) : semantic 酉 + phonetic 昔 (OC *sjaːɡ). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshòo • Middle-Chinese : tshuH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zok⁶
|(literal) vinegar • (figurative, chiefly between lovers) jealousy; envy; bitterness • (Hainanese, figurative) glutton ‖ Alternative form of 酢
| ‖ 醋(す) • (su)
|vinegar ‖ Alternative spelling of 酢 (“vinegar”)
|醋 • (cho, jak) · 醋 • (cho, jak) (hangeul 초, 작, revised cho, jak, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, chak, Yale cho, cak)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thố
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mut³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mut⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mat
|
|
|醋
|-
|醫
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯ) : phonetic 殹 (OC *qiːs) + semantic 酉 (“liquor”). \ Alternatively, as an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 殹 (“to groan”) + 酉 (“liquor”) – using medicinal liquor to treat a groaning patient. \ Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs Old Chinese *ʔə and suggests it is cognate with Proto-Hlai *ja¹ (“medicine”), Proto-Kam-Sui *gja² (“medicine; to cure”), Proto-Tai *ˀjɯəᴬ (“medicine”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i • Middle-Chinese : 'i
|medicinal; medicine • doctor • to cure; to treat • (Sichuanese) to punish
|
|
|feed • fodder
|秣 • (mal) · 秣 • (mal) (hangeul 말, revised mal, McCune–Reischauer mal, Yale mal)
|
|
|醫 (eumhun 의원 의 (uiwon ui))
|Hán-Nôm : mạt
|hanja form of 의 (“medicine; doctor”)
|Hán-Nôm : y
|
|
|醫
|秣
|-
|-
|釋
|称
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljaɡ) : semantic 釆 (“distinguish”) + phonetic 睪 (OC *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː). \ ;Buddhist monastic surname \ Popularized by Dao'an as a common surname for all Buddhist monastics by taking the first character of Śākyamuni Buddha's transliterated Chinese name, 釋迦牟尼／释迦牟尼 (Shìjiāmóuní). \ : \ 初魏晉沙門依師為姓，故姓各不同，安以為大師之本，莫尊釋迦，乃以釋命氏。 [Classical Chinese, trad.] \ 初魏晋沙门依师为姓，故姓各不同，安以为大师之本，莫尊释迦，乃以释命氏。 [Classical Chinese, simp.] \ From: 高僧傳 \ Chū Wèi Jìn shāmén yī shī wèi xìng, gù xìng gè bùtóng, Ān yǐwèi dàshī zhī běn, mò zūn Shìjiā, nǎi yǐ Shì mìng shì. [Pinyin] \ At the beginning of the Wei and Jin, śramaṇas all took their surname from their teachers, and thus their surnames were all different. Dao'an believed that the archetype of all great teachers could not be anyone other than Śākya[muni], and thus gave Shi as their lineage.
|Simplified from 穪 (爾 → 尔), where 穪 is corrupted from 稱. It was found in various moveable type copies of classical novels. First attested in 《宋元以來俗字譜》, a variant forms dictionary compiled in 1930 that records unorthodox forms (俗字 (súzì)) that have existed since the Song dynasty. \ Adopted as an official simplified character by the People's Republic of China in the 1956 Chinese Character Simplification Scheme.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Middle-Chinese : syek
|to explain; to elucidate • to release • (Buddhism) Short for 釋迦牟尼／释迦牟尼 (Shìjiāmóuní, “Shakyamuni”). • 21st tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "release, freedom" (𝌚) • a surname, customarily adopted by Buddhist monks and nuns upon their ordination.
|
|
|
|
|釋 • (seok) · 釋 • (seok) (hangeul 석)
| ‖ 称(しょう) • (shō)
|appellation • praise ‖ name; reputation
|称 • (ching) · 称 • (ching) (hangeul 칭, revised ching, McCune–Reischauer ch'ing, Yale ching)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thích
|Hán-Nôm : xưng • Hán-Nôm : hấng • Hán-Nôm : xứng
|
|
|釋
|称
|-
|-
|釜
|稅
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljods) : semantic 禾 + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suè • Middle-Chinese : sywejH
|tax; revenue; duty • (Hakka, Southern Min) to rent • (informal, slang, often passive) to tax • a surname: Shui
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Middle-Chinese : bjuX
|tax
|cauldron; pot; kettle • (obsolete) A measure of capacity.
|稅 (eumhun 세금 세 (segeum se))
| ‖ 釜(かま) • (kama)
|hanja form of 세 (“tax”)
|kettle, cauldron ‖ an iron pot, a kettle
|Hán-Nôm : thuế
|
|
|hanja form of 부 (“cauldron; pot”)
|稅
|Hán-Nôm : phủ
|
|釜
|-
|-
|釣
|稈
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pleːwɢs) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 勺 (OC *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàu • Middle-Chinese : tewH
|to fish; to angle • (figurative) to go after; to tempt; to lure • fishhook
|
|
|fishing, angling, catching • change, small cash
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gon² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuáinn • Middle-Chinese : kanX
|釣 • (jo) · 釣 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
|stalk (of grain); straw
| ‖ 稈(かん) • (kan)
|dried up stalk • straw ‖ (botany) culm
|稈 (eum 간 (gan))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : điếu
|Hán-Nôm : cán
|
|
|釣
|稈
|-
|-
|鈴
|稔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːŋ) : semantic 金 + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mriŋ (“sound; noise; animal cry”); cognate with 鳴 (OC *mreŋ, “to make a sound”), 笙 (OC *sreŋ), Burmese မြည် (mrany, “to make a sound”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). ‖ Possibly borrowed from English rim.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯːm) : semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 念 (OC *nɯːms). \ ; “year” ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : leng ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ling¹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nam⁵ • Middle-Chinese : nyimX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : nim¹
|bell; chime • a surname: Ling ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 軨／𫐉 (“wheel rim”) (Classifier: 條／条 c)
|year • (of crops, grains) to ripen; ripe; mature; fully-grown • Classifier for number of crops grown in a year: crop; harvest • to accumulate in the course of time; to collect; to pile up • to be familiar with; to know • usually; normally • beautiful • Alternative form of 飪／饪 (rèn, “to steam (till cooked)”) ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 棯 (nim1, “rose myrtle”)
| ‖ 鈴(すず) • (suzu) ‖ 鈴(すず) • (Suzu) ‖ 鈴(れい) • (rei) ‖ 鈴(れい) • (Rei) ‖ 鈴(りん) • (rin) ‖ 鈴(りん) • (Rin)
| ‖ 稔(みのる) • (Minoru)
|bell, chime ‖ a bell, chime • (historical) Synonym of 駅鈴 (ekirei): station bells issued to 駅使 (ekishi) • 鐸: a large wind chime, a hanging bell with a clapper ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ a bell, chime • (Buddhism) a singing bowl ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ a bell, chime • an electric bell • (Buddhism) a singing bowl ‖ a female given name
| ‖ a male given name
|鈴 • (ryeong>yeong) · 鈴 • (ryeong>yeong) (hangeul 령>영, revised ryeong>yeong, McCune–Reischauer ryŏng>yŏng, Yale lyeng>yeng)
|稔 • (im, yeom) · 稔 • (im, yeom) (hangeul 임, 염, revised im, yeom, McCune–Reischauer im, yŏm, Yale im, yem)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : linh • Hán-Nôm : lệnh
|Hán-Nôm : nhẫm • Hán-Nôm : nậm • Hán-Nôm : nẫm
|
|
|鈴
|稔
|-
|-
|錄
|稜
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roɡ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 彔 (OC *b·roːɡ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯːŋ) : semantic 禾 + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līng • Middle-Chinese : long
|to record; to write down • to accept; to employ • to record (using instruments) • record; register • (Xiamen Hokkien) to gold plate (to decorate instruments)
|arris; edge; corner • corrugation; ridge on an object • prestige; might
|
|
|copy • write down • record
|angle • edge
|錄 (eumhun 기록할 록 (girokhal rok), word-initial (South Korea) 기록할 녹 (girokhal nok))
|稜 • (reung>neung) · 稜 • (reung>neung) (hangeul 릉>능, revised reung>neung, McCune–Reischauer rŭng>nŭng, Yale lung>nung)
|hanja form of 록/녹 (“write down; to record”)
|Hán-Nôm : lục
|
|
|錄
|
|
|稜
|-
|-
|錠
|稟
|
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 㐭 (“granary”) + 禾 (“grain”) meaning "to gift grain". ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 㐭 (“granary”) + 禾 (“grain”) meaning "to gift grain".
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiǎnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiānn • Middle-Chinese : dengH • Middle-Chinese : tengH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pín • Hokkien · Tai-lo : píng • Middle-Chinese : pimX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lam⁵
|spindle • ingot-shaped tablet (of metal, medicine, etc.) • Classifier for ingot-shaped objects: ingot
|to bestow; to endow • to receive • to report (to one's superior) ‖ Alternative form of 廩／廪 (“granary; barn”) • Alternative form of 懍／懔 (lǐn, “to fear; to venerate”)
| ‖ 錠(じょう) • (jō) ^(←ぢやう (dyau)?) ‖ 錠(じょう) • (-jō) ^(←ぢやう (dyau)?) ‖ 錠(じょうまえ) • (jōmae) ^(←ぢやうまへ (dyaumafe)?)
| ‖ a device used to make a door unopenable: a lock ‖ lozenge (of medicine) ‖ Alternative spelling of 錠前 (“lock, padlock”)
|錠 • (jeong) · 錠 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
|
|
|receive • report, petition
|稟 • (pum, reum) · 稟 • (pum, reum) (hangeul 품, 름, revised pum, reum, McCune–Reischauer p'um, rŭm, Yale phum, rum)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bẩm • Hán-Nôm : bám • Hán-Nôm : bặm • Hán-Nôm : bẳm • Hán-Nôm : bấm • Hán-Nôm : bụm • Hán-Nôm : lắm
|
|
|錠
|稟
|-
|-
|錢
|稷
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔslenʔ, *zlen) : semantic 金 (“metal; gold; money”) + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔslenʔ, *zlen) : semantic 金 (“metal; gold; money”) + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn).
|Sagart (2008: 134-136) considers it a cognate of Proto-Austronesian *bəCəŋ (“foxtail millet”) as part of the hypothetical Sino-Tibetan-Austronesian language family. Blust (2013: 713), however, finds this comparison unconvincing because of the apparently arbitrary and phonetically unjustified fluctuation between Old Chinese *-k and Proto-Austronesian *-ŋ. \ Cognates of this word are found in a handful of Tibeto-Burman languages, such as Drung tɕɑʔ⁵⁵ (“millet”) and Lhokpu cək (“Setaria italica”) (Sagart, 2008). This etymon should be kept separated from 饎 (OC *kʰljɯs), 芑 (OC *kʰɯʔ) and 穄 (OC *ʔsleds). The first two may belong to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *khrəj (“millet”), while the last one may be related to Proto-Lolo-Burmese *tsap (“millet”), along with Burmese ဆပ် (hcap, “Setaria italica”) and Nuosu ꏹ (jyp, “millet”) (Schuessler, 2007: 299).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsên • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiân • Middle-Chinese : dzjen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin² • Middle-Chinese : tsjenX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Middle-Chinese : tsik
|money; cash • currency; coins • cost; fund; expense • coin-shaped object • mace (unit of weight equivalent to one tenth of a 兩／两 (liǎng, “tael”) and equal to ten 分 (fēn, “candareen”)) • a surname. Qian, listed second in the Baijiaxing & the dynasty of the kings of Wuyue ‖ a kind of farm tool
|foxtail millet (Setaria italica) • God of cereals • † minister of agriculture
|
| ‖ 稷(きび) or 稷(キビ) • (kibi)
| ‖ Alternative form of 黍
|稷 • (jik) · 稷 • (jik) (hangeul 직, revised jik, McCune–Reischauer chik, Yale cik)
|
|
|錢 (eumhun 돈 전 (don jeon))
|Hán-Nôm : tắc
|
|
|canonical : 錢: Hán Việt readings: tiền 錢: Nôm readings: tiền
|稷
|chữ Hán form of tiền (“money”).
|錢
|-
|-
|鍊
|穆
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·reːns) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 柬 (OC *kreːnʔ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *muɡ) : semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 㣎 () – standing grain.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liān • Middle-Chinese : lenH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : muk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bo̍k • Middle-Chinese : mjuwk
|to smelt; to refine • (figurative) to measure (one's words); to polish (one's wording) • (figurative) to temper; to steel; to cultivate • a surname
|standing grain • (historical) the right side position of tablets in ancestral shrines • (figurative) right side • reverent; respectful • magnificent and beautiful; majestic • solemn; solemnly silent • calm; mild; gentle • harmonious; peaceful • pure; honest • profound and lasting; far-reaching • Short for 穆罕默德 (Mùhǎnmòdé, “Muhammad”). • Short for 穆斯林 (mùsīlín, “Muslim”). • a surname
|
|
|to smelt (metals) • to forge • to refine
|鍊 (eumhun 불릴 련 (bullil ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 불릴 연 (bullil yeon))
|hanja form of 련/연 (“smelt metals, forge”) • hanja form of 련/연 (“refine”)
|Hán-Nôm : luyện • Hán-Nôm : rèn • Hán-Nôm : rén
|
|
|鍊
|穆 • (mok) · 穆 • (mok) (hangeul 목, revised mok, McCune–Reischauer mok, Yale mok)
|-
|鍋
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kloːl) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl). \ Area word; compare Proto-Palaungic *kʔɔɔl (“cooking pot”), Malay kuali (“cooking pot”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ For the sense “blame; fault”, it is a clipping of 黑鍋／黑锅 (hēiguō).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e • Hokkien · Tai-lo : er • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Middle-Chinese : kwa
|cooking pot; pan; wok (Classifier: 隻／只; 口) • (Mainland China, neologism) blame; fault
| ‖ 鍋(なべ) • (nabe)
| ‖ a broad-bottomed pot or pan • short for 鍋料理 (nabe ryōri, literally “pot + cooking”) or 鍋物 (nabemono, literally “pot + thing”), a dish where everything is cooked together in a nabe; compare English hot pot or hotdish • by extension from the sense of someone working with pots and pans: a maidservant • (historical, slang) by further extension from the sense of maidservant: a woman (in reference to sex) • (historical, slang, archaic) during the late Edo period, a 搗米屋 (tsukigomeya, “rice polisher shop, white rice retailer”) who has run out of stock
|鍋 • (gwa) · 鍋 • (gwa) (hangeul 과, revised gwa, McCune–Reischauer kwa, Yale kwa)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : oa
|Hán-Nôm : mục
|
|
|鍋
|穆
|-
|-
|鍛
|穌
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toːns) : semantic 釒 (“metal”) + phonetic 段 (OC *doːns).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋaː) : phonetic 魚 (OC *ŋa) + semantic 禾.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dyun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuàn • Middle-Chinese : twanH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sou¹ • Middle-Chinese : su
|to forge; to shape metal • to temper; to refine
|Alternative form of 蘇／苏 (sū, “perilla; tassel”) • Alternative form of 甦／苏 (sū, “revive; resuscitate; regain consciousness”) • Used in transcription.
| ‖ 鍛(たん) • (tan) ‖ 鍛(きたえ) • (Kitae) ^(←きたへ (kitafe)?)
|to forge • to toughen • workout, discipline, training ‖ forging, smithing • (by extension) refining, disciplining (of the mind, body, etc.) ‖ a male given name
|鍛 (eumhun 불릴 단 (bullil dan))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đoán • Hán-Nôm : đoàn
|Rare spelling of 蘇: revive, rise again • collect
|穌 • (so) · 穌 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
|
|
|鍛
|Hán-Nôm : tô • Hán-Nôm : to
|-
|鍵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡran, *ɡranʔ, *ɡanʔ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 建 (OC *kans) – a metal key.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiàn • Middle-Chinese : gjen • Middle-Chinese : gjonX • Middle-Chinese : gjenX
|door bolt, lock bolt • (music) key (lever on a musical keyboard) • key (button on a typewriter or computer keyboard) • to type • (chemistry) bond • (computing) key (value that uniquely identifies an entry in a container)
| ‖ 鍵(かぎ) • (kagi) ‖ 鍵(けん) • (ken)
| ‖ key (tool for opening or locking something) • key; clue (important fact for solving something) • lock ‖ (computing) key • (music) key
|鍵 (eumhun 열쇠 건 (yeolsoe geon))
|hanja form of 건 (“key”)
|Hán-Nôm : kiện
|
|
|鍵
|穌
|-
|-
|鎮
|穎
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tin, *tins) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 真 (OC *ʔljin) – to press down on (with a metal weight).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷeŋʔ) : semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 頃 (OC *kʰʷeŋ, *kʰʷeŋʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìn • Middle-Chinese : trin • Middle-Chinese : trinH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wing⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : íng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ínn • Middle-Chinese : ywengX
|to press down; to suppress; to repress; to subdue • to guard; to garrison • to calm; to tranquilize; to sedate • to awe; to frighten • (of food or drinks) to cool; to chill • stronghold; garrison • town; township • whole; entire (day) • (archaic) for a long time; enduringly; frequently • Used in 鎮星／镇星 (Zhènxīng, “Saturn”). • (Hokkien, Teochew) to block; to impede; to be a hindrance • a surname
|ear of grain • tip • clever; gifted
| ‖
|heads of grain • cleverness ‖
|穎 • (yeong) · 穎 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng, Yale yeng)
|
|
|to hold down; to press down; to suppress • to calm down; to relax • a weight
|Hán-Nôm : dĩnh • Hán-Nôm : dánh • Hán-Nôm : dính • Hán-Nôm : nhảnh • Hán-Nôm : giảnh
|鎮 (eumhun 진압할 진 (jinaphal jin))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : trấn • Hán-Nôm : chắn • Hán-Nôm : chận • Hán-Nôm : dấn • Hán-Nôm : sán • Hán-Nôm : sấn • Hán-Nôm : trớn • Hán-Nôm : giấn
|穎
|
|鎮
|-
|-
|鐵
|穡
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰiːɡ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 𢧜 (OC *l'iːɡ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hljak (“iron”). Cognate with Tibetan ལྕགས (lcags). According to the Shuowen, alternative forms included 銕 (OC *l'iːl, *l̥ʰiːd). Compare 驖 (OC *l̥ʰiːɡ, *l'iːɡ, “black horse”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *srɯɡ) : semantic 禾 (“cereal; grain”) + phonetic 嗇 (OC *srɯɡ). Specialization of 嗇 (OC *srɯɡ). \ Probably related to 采 (OC *s.r̥ˤəʔ, “to pluck”) (Baxter, 1992; Sagart, 1999; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). See there for more. \ Schuessler (2007) compares it to Proto-Lolo-Burmese *C-šak (“to pluck; to pick (a fruit, etc.)”), as well as Khmer ច្រូត (crout, “to reap; to harvest”). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄝˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thet • Middle-Chinese : thet
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Middle-Chinese : srik ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Middle-Chinese : srik ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Middle-Chinese : srik
|iron (Fe) • (only in compounds) Short for 鐵路／铁路 (tiělù, “railway”). • arms; weapon (Classifier: 條／条 c; 嚿 c) • strong; solid; firm • ironclad; firm; unalterable • ruthless • (Cantonese, colloquial, always with the classifier) nothing; damn all; jack shit; bugger all (Classifier: 條／条 c) • a surname
|to harvest; to reap • harvest; crops • to plant crops; to cultivate; to work on a farm • ear of grain • (literary or Hokkien) farming; farm labour • (Hokkien) work; labour (in general) • to link together; to connect; to hook together ‖ Alternative form of 嗇／啬 (sè, “to cherish; to not waste”) ‖ Alternative form of 㱇 (“anxious; distressed; sorrowful”)
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 鉄 (“iron”)
|harvest
|鐵 (eumhun 쇠 철 (soe cheol))
|穡 • (saek) · 穡 • (saek) (hangeul 색, revised saek, McCune–Reischauer saek, Yale sayk)
|hanja form of 쇠 (“iron”)
|farm, harvest grain • stingy
|Hán-Nôm : thiết • Hán-Nôm : sắt
|Hán-Nôm : sắc
|
|
|鐵
|穡
|-
|-
|鑄
|穢
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjos) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 壽 (OC *djuʔ, *djus). Historically, the glyph forms for this character used to be highly composite, with combinations of various ideogrammic (會意／会意) components, including 皿 (“container, crucible, or mould”), 火 (“fire”), 寸 (“hand”), or 𦦡 = 𦥑 (“two hands”) + 鬲 (“cauldron, container”), etc., indicating metal-casting. The phonetic value were signified by the optional component 𠃬, which also appeared in 壽 (OC *djuʔ, *djus).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʷads) : semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 歲 (OC *sqʰʷads, *sqʰʷad).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsù • Middle-Chinese : tsyuH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : è • Hokkien · Tai-lo : èr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uè • Middle-Chinese : 'jwojH
|to cast; to melt; to found; to forge • to form; to create; to mould • to cultivate; to train
|dirty; filthy; unclean • immoral; obscene • (dialectal Hakka, Malaysian Mandarin) disgusting; revolting • (Southern Min) to infect (a person) • (obsolete) overgrown with weeds
|
|
|
|
|鑄 • (ju) · 鑄 • (ju) (hangeul 주)
|穢 • (ye) · 穢 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : chú
|Hán-Nôm : uế
|
|
|鑄
|穢
|-
|-
|鑑
|穩
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ún • Middle-Chinese : 'wonX
|stable; firm; steady • steady; reliable • to make stable; to stabilize; to calm • sure; certain • (slang, neologism) excellent; amazing; fantastic
|
|
| ‖ 鑑(かがみ) • (kagami) ‖ 鑑(かがみ) • (Kagami) ‖ 鑑(かん) • (kan) ‖ 鑑(かん) • (kan) ‖ 鑑(あきら) • (Akira)
|Kyūjitai form of 穏: calm, quiet; moderation
| ‖ an example, exemplar, model, pattern ‖ a surname ‖ a kind of ancient Chinese bronzeware • an example, exemplar, model, pattern ‖ example, exemplar • model, pattern • inspect, examine • evaluate ‖ a male or female given name
|穩 (eumhun 편안할 온 (pyeonanhal on))
|鑑 (eumhun 거울 감 (geoul gam))
|hanja form of 온 (“peaceful”)
|hanja form of 감 (“mirror; inspection”)
|Hán-Nôm : ổn • Hán-Nôm : ủn • Hán-Nôm : ón • Hán-Nôm : ỏn • Hán-Nôm : ỉn
|Hán-Nôm : giám • Hán-Nôm : gương
|
|
|鑑
|穩
|-
|-
|閏
|穹
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 門 (“gate”) + 王 (“king”). The original meaning “intercalary” is derived from kings' ancient practice of remaining within the palace gates on a leap day (which was in excess of the lunar calendar's 364 days, whence the meanings “remainder” and “surplus”), not engaging in their usual governing functions.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷɯŋ) : semantic 穴 + phonetic 弓 (OC *kʷɯŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jeon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lūn • Middle-Chinese : nywinH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kung⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiong • Middle-Chinese : khjuwng
|intercalary; leap • (literary) surplus; remainder • (literary) deputy; illegitimate; usurped
|(literary) elevated and arched • (literary) sky • (literary) deep • (literary) high and vast • to fill up; to exhaust
| ‖ 閏(うるう) • (urū)
|intercalary • heresy ‖ intercalary, leap
|閏 (eumhun 윤달 윤 (yundal yun))
|hanja form of 윤 (“intercalary”)
|Hán-Nôm : nhuận • Hán-Nôm : nhộn • Hán-Nôm : nhuần • Hán-Nôm : nhún
|
|
|閏
|high arching vault • sky
|穹 (eumhun 하늘 궁 (haneul gung))
|(literary) hanja form of 궁 (“sky; heaven”) • (literary) hanja form of 궁 (“arched”)
|canonical : 穹: Hán Việt readings: khung • canonical : khum 穹: Nôm readings: khum • canonical : khung • canonical : cùng
|chữ Hán form of khung (“sky”). • Nôm form of khung (“border; frame”). • Nôm form of khum (“curved; convex”).
|穹
|-
|-
|閥
|窃
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bad) : semantic 門 + phonetic 伐 (OC *bad). \ Meaning "valve" is borrowed from English valve.
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hua̍t • Middle-Chinese : bjot
|contribution • family status • powerful and influential group • valve
|
|
|powerful and influential group; a clique
|閥 • (beol) · 閥 • (beol) (hangeul 벌, revised beol, McCune–Reischauer pŏl, Yale pel)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phiệt
|
|
|閥
|to steal • secret, private
|-
|
|關
|
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːn) : semantic 門 (“door”) + phonetic 𢇅 () – to stop the door from opening with a wooden stick. \ The bronze inscription was in the form of 門 (“door”) + 卝 (“door closed”). 卝 might also serve as a phonetic component. \ Compare Proto-Southwestern Tai *klɔːnᴬ² (“latch of door; rafter”), whence Thai กลอน (glɔɔn) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuainn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuenn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuan • Middle-Chinese : kwaen
|door bolt • to close; to shut • to close down (a business) • to lock up; to detain • to turn off; to switch off • (literary) to go through; to pass • to concern; to implicate; to relate to • frontier pass; border control; checkpoint (controlled passage) • (specifically) Shanhai Pass • area just outside a city gate • difficult time; critical juncture • key; crucial part • (video games) Short for 關卡／关卡 (guānqiǎ, “level”). • (traditional Chinese medicine) Short for 關上／关上 (guānshàng, “guan, a pulse position on the wrist”). • (dated) to issue or receive payment • a surname
| ‖ 關(せき) • (Seki)
|Kyūjitai form of 関 ‖ a surname
|關 (eumhun 빗장 관 (bitjang gwan)) ‖ 關 (eumhun 당길 완 (danggil wan))
|hanja form of 관 (“relation; barrier”) ‖ (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 彎 (“hanja form of 완 (“stretching a bow; to draw a bow”)”)
|Hán-Nôm : quan
|
|
|關
|-
|阜
|Pictogram (象形) , a row of hills.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǔ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hū • Middle-Chinese : bjuwX
|(literary) mound • (literary) abundant; rich • a surname
| ‖
|mound, dam ‖
|阜 (eumhun 언덕 부 (eondeok bu))
|hanja form of 부 (“hill”)
|Hán-Nôm : phụ
|
|
|阜
|窃
|-
|-
|阪
|窈
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *braːnʔ, *panʔ) : semantic 阝 (“mound”) + phonetic 反 (OC *panʔ, *pʰan) – hill, slope.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qiːwʔ) : semantic 穴 (“cave”) + phonetic 幼 (OC *qrɯws).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huán • Middle-Chinese : pjonX • Middle-Chinese : baenX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : miu⁵ • Middle-Chinese : 'ewX
|hillside farmland • slope
|(literary) profound; far-reaching • (literary) dim; gloomy
| ‖ 阪(はん) • (han) ^(←はん (fan)?)
|
|slope, hillside ‖ Short for 大阪 (Ōsaka, “Ōsaka (a city in Japan)”).
|
|阪 (eumhun 언덕 판 (eondeok pan))
|窈 (eum 요 (yo))
|hanja form of 판 (“slope; hill”)
|Hán-Nôm : phản • Hán-Nôm : bản
|
|
|阪
|-
|阿
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːl) : semantic 阜 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ): Originally meaning a big mound. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔa(ŋ/k)- (“noun prefix”) (STEDT). \ ; “atto-” ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : aa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Middle-Chinese : 'a
|Prefix used in front of the surname or last character of someone’s given name to express familiarity or friendliness (traditionally used in rural or southern Chinese dialects). • (Hokkien, honorific) Prefix to rank seniority for kinship terms. • (Nanjing Mandarin, Northern Wu, including Suzhounese) Interrogative particle • Alternative form of 啊 (ā, á, ǎ, à, a, “particle”) • Short for 阿富汗 (Āfùhàn, “Afghanistan”). • Short for 阿爾巴尼亞／阿尔巴尼亚 (Ā'ěrbāníyà, “Albania”). • Short for 阿拉伯 (Ālābó, “Arabic”). • atto- (SI unit prefix) ‖ big mound; mountain • hillside • fine silks • (literary, of a mountain or stream) bend; corner • waterside • nearby; near • to flatter; to pander to • to be unfairly partial to • Alternative form of 屙 (ē, “to excrete”) • a surname
| ‖ 阿(あ) • (a) ‖ 阿(あ) • (a)
| ‖ The first letter of Sanskrit, अ (a). ‖ to flatter; to pander to • ridge (of roof); eaves • A prefix expressing familiarity. • Used as a phonetic element, especially in words from Sanskrit. • Short for アフリカ (Afurika, “Africa”). • Short for 阿波国 (Awa no kuni, “Awa Province”).
|阿 (eumhun 언덕 아 (eondeok a)) · 阿 (eumhun 호칭 옥 (hoching ok))
|
|
|canonical : 阿: Hán Việt readings: a • canonical : á 阿: Nôm readings: a • canonical : à
|
|
|阿
|窈
|-
|-
|陋
|窓
|
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lōo • Middle-Chinese : luwH
|plain; ugly • vulgar; coarse; unrefined • humble; mean • (of knowledge) limited; shallow
|
|
|small • narrow • ugly • ignoble, mean
| ‖ 窓(まど) • (mado) ‖ 窓(まど) • (Mado)
|陋 • (ru>nu) · 陋 • (ru>nu) (hangeul 루>누, revised ru>nu, McCune–Reischauer ru>nu, Yale lwu>nwu)
| ‖ window • (regional, dialect, Etchū region) a deep gap in a mountain ridge (so called for the way the wind blows through, like a window) • マド: (investing) on a candlestick chart, a gap in day-to-day candlesticking caused by a marked increase or decrease in the price of a security, derivative, currency, or other investment ‖ (Internet slang, dated) Windows (an operating system)
|窓 (eumhun 창문 창 (changmun chang))
|hanja form of 창 (“window”)
|Hán-Nôm : song
|
|
|canonical : 陋: Hán Việt readings: lậu 陋: Nôm readings: lậu
|窓
|chữ Hán form of lậu (“ugly”). • chữ Hán form of lậu (“narrow”).
|陋
|-
|-
|陌
|窕
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mbraːɡ) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 百 (OC *praːɡ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːwʔ) : semantic 穴 (“cave”) + phonetic 兆 (OC *l'ewʔ). \ Possibly cognate to 竅 (OC *kʰleːwɢs) (Schuessler, 2007) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːwʔ) : semantic 穴 (“cave”) + phonetic 兆 (OC *l'ewʔ). \ Possibly cognate to 竅 (OC *kʰleːwɢs) (Schuessler, 2007) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːwʔ) : semantic 穴 (“cave”) + phonetic 兆 (OC *l'ewʔ). \ Possibly cognate to 竅 (OC *kʰleːwɢs) (Schuessler, 2007)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bi̍k • Middle-Chinese : maek
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tiu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : diu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiáu • Middle-Chinese : dewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠ
|(literary) footpath between fields going east to west • street; path; road
|Used in 窈窕 (yǎotiǎo). • to bore, to perforate • gap; unfilled space • unfilled • false; superficial • small ‖ Alternative form of 姚 (yáo) ‖ Alternative form of 佻
|
|
|
|(financial, archaic) one hundred
|窕 • (jo) · 窕 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
|陌 • (maek) · 陌 • (maek) (hangeul 맥, revised maek, McCune–Reischauer maek, Yale mayk)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : mạch • Hán-Nôm : méc
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|
|陌
|
|窕
|-
|-
|陛
|窠
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *biːʔ) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 坒 (OC *bis, *biɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē • Middle-Chinese : bejX
|(archaic) flight of steps; (specifically) steps leading to the throne in a palace
|
|
|highness • steps of a throne
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Middle-Chinese : khwa
|陛 (eumhun 섬돌 폐 (seomdol pye))
|bird's nest in cave; nest • (literary) simple dwelling • (literary) empty space; pit; hole • Alternative form of 棵 (“classifier for plants”)
|
|nest • hole • indentation • den
|窠 (eum 과 (gwa))
|nest • hole • indentation • den
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bệ
|
|
|陛
|窠
|-
|-
|陡
|窩
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qloːl) : semantic 穴 (“cave”) + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo
|nest • nest · thing or place resembling a nest • cave; den • (figurative) hiding place • depression; pit; dimple; socket • to bend • to be choked (with emotion) • to hide something; to cause something to not be found • to lay idle • (colloquial) to stay (in a place) • Classifier for litter; brood. • (Internet slang) Eye dialect spelling of 我 (wǒ, “I; me”).
|
|
|Cantonese · Jyutping : dau² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : tuwX
|cave • pouch
|steep; sloping • (literary, or in compounds) abruptly; suddenly • (literary, or in compounds) deep; extensive
|窩 • (wa) · 窩 • (wa) (hangeul 와)
|a dugout hut • nest • cave
|Hán-Nôm : oa
|
|
|窩
|-
|窪
|
|
|陡 • (du) · 陡 • (du) (hangeul 두)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua • Middle-Chinese : 'wae
|hollow; low-lying; sunken • depression; low-lying area • to sink
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đẩu
|depression • cave in • sink • become hollow
|窪 (eum 와 (wa))
|
|
|陡
|canonical : 窪: Hán Việt readings: oa
|chữ Hán form of oa (“hollow; pit; depression; swamp”).
|窪
|-
|-
|隋
|窺
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰoːlʔ, *l'oːlʔ, *ljol) : abbreviated phonetic 隓 (OC *hlol) + semantic 肉 (“meat”). \ The use of this character for the dynasty name was created by its first emperor from the character 隨／随 (suí).
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suî • Middle-Chinese : zjwe
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khui • Middle-Chinese : khjwie
|(～朝) Sui dynasty • a surname
|to peep
| ‖ 隋(ずい) • (Zui)
|
| ‖ Sui dynasty
|隋 (eum 수 (su))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tùy • Hán-Nôm : tuỳ
|窺 • (gyu) · 窺 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu)
|
|
|隋
|Hán-Nôm : khuy
|-
|隘
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːɡs) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 益 (OC *qleɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːɡs) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 益 (OC *qleɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ài • Middle-Chinese : 'eaH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ak¹
|narrow; confined • strategic pass that is dangerous or difficult to access ‖ to isolate • to block; to defend
| ‖ 隘(あい) • (ai)
|narrow ‖ narrow; confined
|隘 (eumhun 좁을 애 (jobeul ae))
|hanja form of 애 (“narrow”)
|Hán-Nôm : ải • Hán-Nôm : ỏi
|
|
|隘
|窺
|-
|-
|隧
|竄
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 鼠 (“mouse”) + 穴 (“hole”) – to hide in a hole.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuàn • Middle-Chinese : tshwanH • Middle-Chinese : tshwan
|(now derogatory) to flee; to go in exile • (literary) to exile; to banish • (literary) to hide • (literary, or in compounds) to revise; to edit • (neologism, officialese, derogatory) Short for 竄訪／窜访 (cuànfǎng) • a surname: Cuan
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suī • Middle-Chinese : zwijH
|escape, run away • encroach • alter a document
|tunnel; underground passage
|竄 • (chan) · 竄 • (chan) (hangeul 찬)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thoán
|
|
|隧 • (su) · 隧 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|竄
|-
|竅
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰleːwɢs) : semantic 穴 (“cave”) + phonetic 敫 (OC *kleːwɢs, *ɢlewɢ, *kleːwɢ). \ Possibly Sino-Tibetan. Compare Burmese ချောက် (hkyauk, “chasm, gulf”); alternative or additionally, 竅 (OC *kʰleːwɢs) is k-prefixed nominal derivation of 窕 (OC *l'eːwʔ) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰleːwɢs) : semantic 穴 (“cave”) + phonetic 敫 (OC *kleːwɢs, *ɢlewɢ, *kleːwɢ). \ Possibly Sino-Tibetan. Compare Burmese ချောက် (hkyauk, “chasm, gulf”); alternative or additionally, 竅 (OC *kʰleːwɢs) is k-prefixed nominal derivation of 窕 (OC *l'eːwʔ) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kiu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiàu • Middle-Chinese : khewH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiò
|hole, aperture • idea; knack; key (to a problem) ‖ (Hokkien) magic; sorcery
|
|
|canonical : 隧: Hán Việt readings: toại • canonical : trụy • canonical : truỵ 隧: Nôm readings: toại
|chữ Hán form of toại (“tunnel, trench”).
|隧
|-
|隨
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljol) : semantic 辵 (“walking”) + abbreviated phonetic 𡐦
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suî • Middle-Chinese : zjwe
|to follow • to listen to; to submit • to accompany • (Northern Mandarin, of a person) to resemble (a parent in appearance or disposition) • (colloquial) to chip in by giving one's portion of gift money, payment, red packet, etc. (e.g. when others get married) • incidentally; conveniently; in passing • to allow; to let somebody do as he or she pleases • 17th hexagram of the I Ching; "following" • (～縣) Sui (a county of Suizhou, Hubei, China) • a surname: Sui
|
|
|竅 • (gyu) · 竅 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu)
|
|
|隨 • (su) · 隨 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tùy • Hán-Nôm : tuỳ • Hán-Nôm : tòe • Hán-Nôm : toè • Hán-Nôm : xòe • Hán-Nôm : xoè
|
|
|隨
|竅
|-
|-
|險
|竇
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰramʔ) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam). \ May be cognate with 巖 (OC *ŋraːm, “tall; cliff”). See 嚴 for more.
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hém • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiánn • Middle-Chinese : xjemX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau⁶ • Middle-Chinese : duwH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : dau³
|(of terrain) difficult and treacherous • (now in compounds) narrow pass; treacherous place; strategic point • (now dialectal or in compounds) danger; hazard; peril; risk • dangerous; hazardous • (now dialectal or in compounds) sinister; vicious • (of bad things) almost; nearly • (in compounds) Short for 保險／保险 (bǎoxiǎn, “insurance”).
|hole; burrow • (anatomy) cavity; sinus • a surname ‖ (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew) nest; den • (Cantonese, Hakka, colloquial) home • (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew, colloquial) hideout
|
|
|
|竇 (eum 두 (du))
|
|
|險 • (heom) · 險 • (heom) (hangeul 험, revised heom, McCune–Reischauer hŏm, Yale hem)
|Hán-Nôm : đậu
|
|
|canonical : 險: Hán Việt readings: hiểm 險: Nôm readings: hiểm • canonical : hẻm • canonical : hiếm • canonical : hĩm
|竇
|chữ Hán form of hiểm (“dangerous, impassable”). • Nôm form of hẻm (“narrow space, dead-end”). • Nôm form of hiếm (“rare, scarce”). • Nôm form of hĩm (“little girl (Central Vietnamese countryside)”).
|險
|-
|-
|隱
|竺
|Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯnʔ, *qɯns) : semantic 阜 + phonetic 㥯 (). ‖ Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯnʔ, *qɯns) : semantic 阜 + phonetic 㥯 ().
|Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːɡ, *tuːɡ, *tuɡ) : phonetic 𥫗 (OC *tuɡ) + semantic 二 ― thick. ‖ Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːɡ, *tuːɡ, *tuɡ) : phonetic 𥫗 (OC *tuɡ) + semantic 二 ― thick.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ín • Middle-Chinese : 'j+nX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˋ • Middle-Chinese : 'j+nH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : duk¹ • Middle-Chinese : tuwk • Middle-Chinese : towk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiok • Middle-Chinese : trjuwk
|to hide; to cover; to shield • to conceal; to cover up • hidden; concealed • profound; subtle; delicate • facts one wishes to hide; feelings or troubles one wishes to keep to oneself; secret • secretly; inwardly ‖ to lean upon
|Original form of 篤／笃 (dǔ, “thick; sincere; serious”). • Alternative form of 毒 (“to loathe; to detest”) • (historical) An ancient placename. ‖ (obsolete) bamboo • Short for 天竺 (Tiānzhú, “India”). • (by extension) relating to India or Buddhism; Buddhist • Name of a mountain in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province. • (historical, music) Name of an ancient musical instrument. • a surname, commonly adopted by early Buddhist monks.
| ‖ 竺(あつし) • (Atsushi)
|bamboo • hearty, sincere, warm, thick • used in an ancient name of India ‖ a male given name
|竺 • (chuk, dok) · 竺 • (chuk, dok) (hangeul 축, 독, revised chuk, dok, McCune–Reischauer ch'uk, tok, Yale chwuk, tok)
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 隠 (“to hide; to conceal”)
|canonical : 竺: Hán Việt readings: trúc • canonical : đốc 竺: Nôm readings: trúc
|隱 (eumhun 숨을 은 (sumeul eun))
|chữ Hán form of Trúc (“former short name of India (天竺, Thiên Trúc), a surname”). • Alternative form of 篤 (“chữ Hán form of đốc (“honest”).”)
|hanja form of 은 (“hide”)
|竺
|canonical : 隱: Hán Việt readings: ẩn 隱: Nôm readings: ẩn • canonical : ửng • canonical : ăng • canonical : ổn • canonical : ẳng
|chữ Hán form of ẩn (“to seclude oneself; to hide oneself”).
|隱
|-
|-
|隻
|竽
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 隹 (“bird”) + 又 (“hand”). \ To hold one bird is 隻; to hold two birds is 雙. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik (“one”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Middle-Chinese : tsyek
|one bird • single • (mathematics) odd • alone • unique • Classifier for one of a pair. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • Classifier for birds and certain animals (especially limbed or small, grabbable by hand). • Classifier for symmetrical body parts, limbs, hands, feet. • Classifier for certain vessels, containers, utensils and objects worn on or grabbable by hand. • Classifier for boats. • Classifier for songs. • (dialectal, humorous or derogatory) Classifier for people. • (Cantonese) Classifier for kinds or varieties. • (Cantonese, slang) Classifier for months of prison sentence.
| ‖ 隻(せき) • (-seki)
| ‖ boats or ships • one of two, one of a pair • birds, fish, or arrows
|隻 • (cheok) · 隻 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : chiếc • Hán-Nôm : chếch • Hán-Nôm : chệch • Hán-Nôm : chích • Hán-Nôm : xếch • Hán-Nôm : xệch • Hán-Nôm : chỉ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hju
|(historical) the yu, a wind instrument used in ancient China
| ‖ 竽(う) • (u)
| ‖ a woodwind instrument introduced to Japan from China during the Nara period, similar to a 笙 (shō, “a kind of free-reed woodwind instrument”), but larger and one octave lower in pitch
|竽 (eumhun 피리 우 (piri u))
|flute • chief
|Hán-Nôm : vu
|
|
|隻
|竽
|-
|-
|雀
|笆
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 小 (“small”) + 隹 (“bird”) – a small bird, a sparrow. \ In the current form, the upper part looks like 少, but what looks like the bottom stroke of 少 is actually the upper left stroke of 隹, extended.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praː, *braːʔ) : semantic 𥫗 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/g/s-pʷa (“bamboo”) (STEDT). Cognate with Mizo rua (“bamboo”), Tibetan སྤ (spa, “cane; bamboo”), Burmese ဝါး (wa:, “bamboo”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsennh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsioh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshik • Middle-Chinese : tsjak
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa • Middle-Chinese : pae • Middle-Chinese : baeX
|sparrow, especially the Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus) • small bird • (literary) dark red; brownish red • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka) bird (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • (Cantonese, Jinhua Wu, colloquial) penis (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • a surname
|bamboo fence
| ‖ 雀(すずめ) or 雀(スズメ) • (suzume)
|sparrow ‖ a Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus)
|雀 • (jak) · 雀 • (jak) (hangeul 작, revised jak, McCune–Reischauer chak, Yale cak)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tước
|
|
|雀
|笆 (eum 파 (pa))
|
|Hán-Nôm : ba
|
|笆
|-
|-
|雕
|笞
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : diu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiau • Middle-Chinese : tew
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci¹ • Middle-Chinese : trhi
|to engrave; to inlay; to carve • carving • a surname
|whip used for corporal punishment
|
|
|whip
|笞 • (tae) · 笞 • (tae) (hangeul 태, revised tae, McCune–Reischauer t'ae, Yale thay)
|whip
|
|
|雕 • (jo) · 雕 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : điêu
|笞
|
|雕
|-
|-
|雖
|笠
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰʷi) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 唯 (OC *ɢʷi, *ɢʷiʔ). \ Originally meaning "a lizard-like reptile", the character has been phonetically borrowed to represent the sense "although". \ Jacques (2019) proposes this to be 維 (OC *ɢʷi, “to be”) with a converbial *s- prefix, literally "while being". ‖ ‖  ‖ From Hokkien 衰 (soe, “unlucky”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·rɯb) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 立 (OC *rɯb). \ Compare Proto-Tai *klɤpᴰ (“bamboo hat”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sui • Middle-Chinese : swij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi¹ • Middle-Chinese : swij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi¹ • Middle-Chinese : swij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟ
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lue̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : le̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lerē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍p • Middle-Chinese : lip ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lap¹
|although; even if; despite ‖ lizard-like reptile ‖ ^‡ to push ‖ (chiefly Taiwan, slang) Alternative form of 衰 (“unlucky; unimpressive”)
|Asian conical hat ‖ (Cantonese, Nanning Pinghua, Leizhou Min) basket (made from interwoven bamboo strips) • (Cantonese, Leizhou Min) to cover (with); to slip on • (Cantonese) to flatter; to fool
|
| ‖ 笠(かさ) • (kasa)
|Asian conical hat ‖ Asian conical hat
|笠 (eumhun 삿갓 립 (satgat rip), word-initial (South Korea) 삿갓 입 (satgat ip))
|
|
|雖 (eumhun 비록 수 (birok su)) ‖ 雖 (eumhun 벌레 이름 수 (beolle ireum su)) ‖ 雖 (eumhun 짐승 이름 유 (jimseung ireum yu))
|Hán-Nôm : lạp • Hán-Nôm : lợp • Hán-Nôm : lép • Hán-Nôm : liếp • Hán-Nôm : lụp • Hán-Nôm : rạp • Hán-Nôm : lẹp • Hán-Nôm : lớp • Hán-Nôm : nập • Hán-Nôm : rập • Hán-Nôm : sập • Hán-Nôm : sệp • Hán-Nôm : sụp • Hán-Nôm : tấp
|hanja form of 수 (“although”) ‖ hanja form of 수 (“The name of a bug”) ‖ hanja form of 유 (“The name of a beast”)
|Hán-Nôm : tuy
|
|
|雖
|笠
|-
|-
|雙
|筍
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 雔 (“two birds”) + 又 (“hand”) – Represents two birds (隹) in someone's right hand (又). \ Several etymologies have been posited: \ * From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dzum ~ tsum (“pair”), whence Jingpho zum (“to be in pairs”), Burmese စုံ (cum, “pair”), but this comparison may be problematic given the mismatch in the final nasal (STEDT). \ * Related to Tibetan ཟུང (zung, “pair; couple”), Mru [script needed] (choŋ, “pair”) (Coblin, 1986; Löffler, 1966; Schuessler, 2007), but this would require assuming the Proto-Sino-Tibetan word to be *C-zuŋ (Schuessler, 2007). Jacques (2015b) rules out the possibility of comparing with the Tibetan word because Tibetan z- comes from *dz. \ * Doublet of 孿 (OC *smroːns, *smrons, “twin”) (Baxter, 1992), but this has been related to Jingpho marun (“to have twins”) (from run (“to be in pairs”)), which would point to yet another Proto-Sino-Tibetan root *run (Schuessler, 2007).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰʷinʔ) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 旬 (OC *sɢʷin). ‖ From 順／顺 (seon6, “smooth; successful”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄤˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : song • Middle-Chinese : sraewng
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄣˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sún • Middle-Chinese : swinX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : seon²
|(attributive) two; double; twin • (attributive, of an integer) even (divisible by two) • (attributive) double; two-fold; twice • (dialectal) twins • Classifier for a pair of objects. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • a rare surname: Shuang
|bamboo shoot • (literary, or in compounds) tender; young • ^† Alternative form of 簨 (sǔn, “horizontal beam on which bells hang”) ‖ (Cantonese, slang) very good; worth it; inexpensive; less costly than its actual value
|
|
|pair; set
|bamboo shoot
|雙 (eumhun 쌍 쌍 (ssang ssang))
|筍 • (sun) · 筍 • (sun) (hangeul 순, revised sun, McCune–Reischauer sun, Yale swun)
|hanja form of 쌍 (“pair”)
|sprout, shoot
|Hán-Nôm : song • Hán-Nôm : rông • Hán-Nôm : suông
|Hán-Nôm : duẫn • Hán-Nôm : sũn • Hán-Nôm : hũn
|
|
|雙
|筍
|-
|-
|雜
|筠
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zuːb) : semantic 衣 + phonetic 集 (OC *zub). \ Cognate with 集 (OC *zub, “to gather; to collect”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷin) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 均 (OC *kʷin). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa̍p • Middle-Chinese : dzop
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwin ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan¹
|miscellaneous; mixed • extra; irregular • (Cantonese, of a place) having all kinds of people, especially bad people • (Cantonese) entrails for food • to mix
|(literary) skin of bamboo • (literary) bamboo ‖ (historical) Jun prefecture
|
|
|mixed • blended • mix • mingle
|雜 (eumhun 섞일 잡 (seokkil jap))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tạp • Hán-Nôm : xạp • Hán-Nôm : tọp
|筠 • (gyun) · 筠 • (gyun) (hangeul 균, revised gyun, McCune–Reischauer kyun, Yale kyun)
|
|
|
|雜
|-
|雹
|Characters in the same phonetic series (勹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bruːɡ) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-bru(ŋ/k) (“dragon; thunder”), whence also 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ, “dragon”) (STEDT).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pha̍uh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po̍k • Middle-Chinese : baewk
|hail
| ‖ 雹(ひょう) • (hyō)
|hail ‖ hail • a hailstone
|雹 (eumhun 우박 박 (ubak bak))
|hanja form of 박 (“hail”)
|Hán-Nôm : bạc • Hán-Nôm : bão • Hán-Nôm : boạc
|
|
|雹
|筠
|-
|-
|霄
|筵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sew) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lan) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 延 (OC *lan, *lans).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio • Middle-Chinese : sjew
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iân • Middle-Chinese : yen
|sky; heaven • clouds; mist • sleet • Alternative form of 宵 (“night”) • Alternative form of 消 (xiāo, “to dissolve”) • a surname
|(obsolete or in compounds) banquet; feast • (obsolete) bamboo mat • (obsolete) seat
| ‖ 筵(むしろ) • (mushiro) ‖ 筵(もしろ) • (moshiro) ‖ 筵(えん) • (en)
| ‖ a generic term for a woven mat made out of soft rush, bamboo, straw, or cattail • a seat; also used in public environments • a bed • (regional, Nagasaki, Kumamoto) a tatami mat ‖ (dialectal, Tōhoku, Ishikawa, Izumo) Nonstandard form of むしろ (mushiro) above ‖ a woven mat • a seat; also used in public environments
|筵 • (yeon) · 筵 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, Yale yen)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : diên
|
|
|霄 • (so) · 霄 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
|筵
|
|-
|Hán-Nôm : tiêu
|箏
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsreːŋ) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 爭 (OC *ʔsreːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Middle-Chinese : tsreang
|zither
| ‖ 箏(こと) • (koto) ‖ 箏(そう) • (sō) ^(←さう (sau)?) ‖ 箏(そう) • (Sō) ^(←さう (sau)?) ‖ 箏(しょう) • (shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?)
| ‖ koto: a Japanese zither derived from the Chinese guzheng • (colloquial) guzheng: a Chinese zither where the koto was based on ‖ a guzheng, zheng (Chinese zither) ‖ a surname ‖ (possibly obsolete) a guzheng, zheng (Chinese zither), where the koto was based on
|箏 • (jaeng) · 箏 • (jaeng) (hangeul 쟁, revised jaeng, McCune–Reischauer chaeng, Yale cayng)
|
|
|霄
|canonical : 箏: Hán Việt readings: tranh 箏: Nôm readings: giành • canonical : tranh
|zither (e.g., đàn tranh)
|箏
|-
|-
|霉
|箔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrɯl) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ). ‖ Designated as the simplified form of 黴 in the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme (漢字簡化方案) (1956).
|From 薄 (bó).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mui⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muî ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po̍h • Middle-Chinese : bak
|to become moldy; mildewed • (Cantonese, of garment) worn out ‖
|foil; tinsel • foil paper burnt as offerings to the dead • screen made of reeds or sorghum stalks • bamboo tray for raising silkworms
|
| ‖ 箔(はく) • (haku)
|mold
| ‖ foil, leaf
|霉 • (mae) · 霉 • (mae) (hangeul 매, revised mae, McCune–Reischauer mae, Yale may)
|箔 • (bak) · 箔 • (bak) (hangeul 박, revised bak, McCune–Reischauer pak, Yale pak)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : mai • Hán-Nôm : môi
|romanization : bạc
|
|
|霉
|箔
|-
|-
|霍
|箝
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 雨 (“rain”) + 隹 (“bird”)
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡram) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 拑 (OC *ɡram)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : fok³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hok • Middle-Chinese : xwak
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kim⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gjem
|quickly; suddenly • (Wuhan Mandarin) lightning • a surname
|
|
|
|
|霍 • (gwak) · 霍 • (gwak) (hangeul 곽, revised gwak, McCune–Reischauer kwak, Yale kwak)
|insert • fit into • attach (a clog thong)
|箝 • (gyeom) · 箝 • (gyeom) (hangeul 겸, revised gyeom, McCune–Reischauer kyŏm, Yale kyem)
|tweezers • pliers • tongs • pincers
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hoắc • Hán-Nôm : quắc
|
|
|霍
|箝
|-
|-
|霎
|箴
| ‖  ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kjɯm) : semantic 𥫗 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 咸 (OC *ɡrɯːm) – a bamboo needle, probe. \ Same word as 針 (OC *kjum). See there for more.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sa̍p • Middle-Chinese : srjep • Middle-Chinese : sreap ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍p ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : saap³
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsim • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tserm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsom • Middle-Chinese : tsyim
|(literary or Southern Min) light rain; drizzle • (literary, onomatopoeia) The sound of rain or wind. • instant; moment • short; fleeting • (Southern Min) to rain (of a drizzle) • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) crumbs; small pieces ‖ (Hokkien) moment; short time ‖ (Cantonese) to speak a lot or with a lot of effort; to make one's voice become hoarse • (Cantonese) to order; to instruct; to holler (at someone to do something)
|to admonish; to warn • Alternative form of 針／针 (zhēn, “needle; probe”)
|
|
|
|
|霎 (eumhun 잠시 삽 (jamsi sap))
|箴 • (jam) · 箴 • (jam) (hangeul 잠, revised jam, McCune–Reischauer cham, Yale cam)
|hanja form of 삽 (“an instant”)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : châm • Hán-Nôm : giăm • Hán-Nôm : dăm • Hán-Nôm : giằm
|
|
|霎
|箴
|-
|-
|霞
|篁
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraː) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 叚 (OC *kraːʔ).
|
|Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hêe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hê • Middle-Chinese : hae
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwang
|the light and clouds at sunrise and sunset; mist; rosy clouds • colorful; rosy • Alternative form of 遐 (xiá) • a surname: Xia
|(literary) bamboo forest; bamboo grove • (literary) bamboo
| ‖ 霞(かすみ) • (kasumi) ‖ 霞(かすみ) • (Kasumi)
| ‖ 篁(たかむら) • (Takamura)
|mist, haze • foreglow or afterglow ‖ mist, haze • (by extension) dimness of sight • a foreglow or afterglow • (colloquial) an alcoholic beverage • steam that comes out from heating sake or vinegar • a cloud-shaped figure used to display a scene transition • Short for 霞網 (kasumiami): a fowling net • Short for 霞割り (kasumiwari): ‖ Short for 霞が関 (Kasumigaseki): a district in Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo • a female given name • a surname
|bamboo grove ‖ a surname
|霞 (eumhun 노을 하 (no'eul ha))
|篁 • (hwang) · 篁 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
|hanja form of 하 (“the light and clouds at sunrise and sunset; mist; rosy clouds”)
|bamboo grove
|Hán-Nôm : hà
|
|
|
|霞
|篁
|-
|-
|霸
|篆
|Exoactive or transitive of 伯 (OC *praːɡ, “be the eldest”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Same word as 魄 (OC *pʰraːɡ, “soul”) and cognate with 白 (OC *braːɡ, “white”) (Schuessler, 2007). Chiefly attested in Zhou-era bronze inscriptions for calendrical functions (Wang, 1923).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pà • Middle-Chinese : paeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paak³
|to dominate • (historical) overlord, hegemon • tyrant; despot; bully • hegemony; tyranny • to occupy; to monopolize • (Eastern Min) powerful; awesome; impressive ‖ (archaic, Chinese astronomy) Alternative form of 魄 (pò, “illuminated part of the moon”) • moonlight in the beginning of a lunar month right after the new moon
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuǎn • Middle-Chinese : drjwenX
|seal script • seal, official stamp
| ‖ 篆(てん) • (ten)
|seal script ‖ seal script
|篆 • (jeon) · 篆 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|
|
|霸 (eumhun 으뜸 패 (eutteum pae))
|Hán-Nôm : triện • Hán-Nôm : chệnh • Hán-Nôm : chệ • Hán-Nôm : triển
|hanja form of 패 (“the best; the top; the head”)
|Hán-Nôm : bá • Hán-Nôm : phách
|
|
|霸
|篆
|-
|-
|霹
|篙
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰeːɡ) : semantic 雨 + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːw) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 高 (OC *kaːw).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phik • Middle-Chinese : phek
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Middle-Chinese : kaw
|Used in 霹靂／霹雳 (pīlì). • of thunder, to strike
|bamboo pole used for punting boats • a surname
|
|
|heavy thunder • (of lightning) to strike, to fall
|pole used for punting boats
|霹 (eumhun 벼락 벽 (byeorak byeok))
|篙 • (go) · 篙 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|hanja form of 벽 (“thunder”)
|a punting pole • (boat) oar
|
|
|
|
|霹
|篙
|-
|-
|靈
|篩
|Characters in the same phonetic series (霝) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Found as 𩆜 in Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːŋ) : phonetic 霝 (OC *reːŋ) + semantic 玉 (“jade”). \ The semantic component 玉 (“jade”) may be replaced with 巫 (“witch”), as in the current form, or with 心 (“heart”) or 示 (“memorial tablet”) in the ancient bronze inscription forms.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : leng
|god; deity • soul; spirit • effective; efficacious • keen; quick • nimble • (Northern Wu) apt; suitable; high-quality; good • (Northern Wu) appropriately working; appropriately functioning • a surname: Ling
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 霊: soul, spirit; ghost; mystery
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thai • Middle-Chinese : srij
|靈 (eumhun 신령 령 (sillyeong ryeong), word-initial (South Korea) 신령 영 (sillyeong yeong))
|sieve; strainer; sifter • to sift; to strain • (dated) to pour (a drink) • (dated) to warm up (an alcoholic beverage) • (colloquial) to strike (a gong) • (literary) to rain
|hanja form of 령/영 (“spirit, soul, deity”)
|Hán-Nôm : linh • Hán-Nôm : lanh • Hán-Nôm : lẻng • Hán-Nôm : leng • Hán-Nôm : lênh • Hán-Nôm : liêng • Hán-Nôm : lình
|spirit, soul
|靈
|-
|靖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zleŋʔ) : semantic 立 (“to stand; to establish”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ). \ Same word as 靜 (OC *zleŋʔ, “to keep quiet”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsīng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǐng • Middle-Chinese : dzjengX
|stable; peaceful; tranquil • to pacify; to stabilize • to govern; to administer • to plan • to think of • respectful; prudent • a surname
| ‖ 靖(はかる) • (Hakaru) ‖ 靖(きよし) • (Kiyoshi) ‖ 靖(のぶ) • (Nobu) ‖ 靖(おさむ) • (Osamu) ‖ 靖(しずか) • (Shizuka) ‖ 靖(せい) • (Sei) ‖ 靖(せいじ) • (Seiji) ‖ 靖(しずむ) • (Shizumu) ‖ 靖(やす) • (Yasu) ‖ 靖(やすみ) • (Yasumi) ‖ 靖(やすし) • (Yasushi)
|peaceful, calm, easygoing ‖ a male given name ‖ a male given name ‖ a male given name ‖ a male given name ‖ a female given name ‖ a surname • a female given name ‖ a male given name ‖ a male given name ‖ a male given name ‖ a female given name ‖ a male given name
|靖 • (jeong) · 靖 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tĩnh • Hán-Nôm : tịnh
|
|
|靖
|篩 • (sa) · 篩 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)
|-
|靜
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zleŋʔ) : semantic 青 + phonetic 爭 (OC *ʔsreːŋ). \ Perhaps from Mon-Khmer; compare Old Khmer siṅ (“to stay in/at; to abide; to be still”) (Schuessler, 2007). 靖 (OC *zleŋʔ) is the same word (ibid.).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǐng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsīng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǐnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsēnn • Middle-Chinese : dzjengX
|quiet; silent; devoid of noise • silent; not making a noise • still; motionless • gentle
|
|
|
|
|靜 • (jeong) · 靜 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
|hanja form of 정 (“quiet, silence, static”)
|Hán-Nôm : tĩnh
|
|
|靜
|篩
|-
|-
|靠
|篾
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰuːɡs) : phonetic 告 (OC *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ) + semantic 非.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *meːd) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + abbreviated phonetic 蔑 (OC *meːd, *meːd).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuà • Middle-Chinese : khawH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mit⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mit⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bi̍h • Middle-Chinese : met
|to lean on; to recline • to depend on; to rely on • to trust; to have confidence in • to come near to; to approach • to keep to (a certain side) • (euphemistic) Alternative form of 肏 (“to fuck”) • (Northern Wu) approximately
|bamboo strips, splints or slats • strips of reed or plant stalks (especially sorghum stalk) • made using strips of bamboo, reed or stalk
|
|
|
|
|靠 • (go) · 靠 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|篾 • (myeol) · 篾 • (myeol) (hangeul 멸, revised myeol, McCune–Reischauer myŏl, Yale myel)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : kháo • Hán-Nôm : khéo
|
|
|靠
|篾 (miệt, miết, giá, vạt)
|篾
|-
|-
|靡
|簍
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mralʔ) : phonetic 麻 (OC *mraːl) + semantic 非 - to scatter. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mralʔ) : phonetic 麻 (OC *mraːl) + semantic 非 - to scatter.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roː, *roːʔ, *roʔ) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 婁 (OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bí • Middle-Chinese : mjeX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Middle-Chinese : luw • Middle-Chinese : ljuX • Middle-Chinese : luwX
|(literary) to fall down; to collapse; to be swept away • (literary) extravagant; beautiful; splendid • (literary) delicate; minute • (literary) no; not • (literary) to not have; to be without ‖ extravagant; wasteful • to waste; to squander • to extinguish; to eliminate • to rotten; to damage • to exhaust; to use up • to divide; to disperse; to scatter • to share
|(bamboo) basket • Classifier for things in a basket.
|
|
|to wave; to stream; to flutter • extravagant; wasteful; to waste • to exhaust • to spread
|靡 (eum 미 (mi))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : mị
|
|
|靡
|-
|靶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːs) : semantic 革 + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa² • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pée • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa • Middle-Chinese : paeH
|target • splash-board on chariot
|
|
|target • splash-board on chariot
|靶 • (pa) · 靶 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha)
|reins • target
|
|
|
|
|靶
|簍
|-
|-
|鞋
|簞
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreː, *ɡreː, *ɡreː) : semantic 革 (“leather”) + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː) – leather shoes. Originally written as 鞵.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : erê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâi • Middle-Chinese : hea • Middle-Chinese : heaj
|shoe; footwear (Classifier: 雙／双 m mn; 對／对 c; 隻／只)
| ‖ 鞋(くつ) • (kutsu) ‖ 鞋(わらじ) • (waraji) ^(←わらぢ (waradi)?)
|shoes; shoe; footwear ‖ Alternative spelling of 靴 (“piece of footwear”) ‖ Rare spelling of 草鞋 (“straw sandal”).
|鞋 • (hye) · 鞋 • (hye) (hangeul 혜)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hài • Hán-Nôm : giày
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daan¹ • Middle-Chinese : tan
|a bamboo utensil for holding cooked rice; a basket
|
|
|鞋
|small bamboo basket for holding
|-
|簞 (eumhun 대광주리 단 (daegwangjuri dan))
|鞍
|a bamboo basket
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːn) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 革 (“leather”) + 安 (“secure”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : on¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : an
|saddle
| ‖ 鞍(くら) • (kura) ‖ 鞍(あん) • (an)
| ‖ saddle ‖ saddle
|鞍 (eum 안 (an))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : yên • Hán-Nôm : an
|
|
|鞍
|簞
|-
|-
|鞠
|簣
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰruːds, *ɡruds) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 貴 (OC *kluds).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : gwijH • Middle-Chinese : khweajH
|bamboo basket for carrying earth
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : guk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiok • Middle-Chinese : kjuwk • Middle-Chinese : khjuwk • Middle-Chinese : gjuwk
|(historical) leather ball used in games • to bend; to curve • to bow • bow • to rear; to raise; to nourish • young; childish • to warn; to admonish • Alternative form of 鞫 (jū, “to interrogate; to exhaust”) • Alternative form of 菊 (jú, “chrysanthemum”) • a surname
|
|
|ball
|鞠 • (guk) · 鞠 • (guk) (hangeul 국, revised guk, McCune–Reischauer kuk, Yale kwuk)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cúc
|
|
|鞠
|Hán-Nôm : gùi
|-
|鞭
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pen) : semantic 革 (“leather”) + phonetic 便 (OC *ben, *bens).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pian • Middle-Chinese : pjien
|whip (Classifier: 條／条 c) • to whip; to flog • penis of an animal • (historical) an ancient type of weapon, segmented and made of iron • string of firecrackers
| ‖ 鞭(むち) • (muchi)
| ‖ whip
|鞭 • (pyeon) · 鞭 • (pyeon) (hangeul 편, revised pyeon, McCune–Reischauer p'yŏn, Yale phyen)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tiên • Hán-Nôm : tiệm
|簣
|
|鞭
|-
|-
|韭
|簪
|Pictogram (象形) – leek in the ground (一).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiú • Middle-Chinese : kjuwX
|garlic chives; Chinese chives; Chinese leek (Allium tuberosum)
|
|
|garlic chive
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsim • Middle-Chinese : tsrim • Middle-Chinese : tsom
|韭 • (gu) · 韭 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|hairpin; clasp • to wear in one's hair
| ‖ 簪(かんざし) • (kanzashi)
|ornamental hairpin ‖ a hairpin, particularly a fancy decorative hairpin used in Japanese women's hairstyles
|簪 • (jam) · 簪 • (jam) (hangeul 잠, revised jam, McCune–Reischauer cham, Yale cam)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cửu
|Hán-Nôm : trâm • Hán-Nôm : trám • Hán-Nôm : trắm
|
|
|韭
|簪
|-
|-
|頌
|簫
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɢloŋs, *loŋ) : phonetic 公 (OC *kloːŋ) + semantic 頁 (“head”) – appearance. Now written 容. ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɯːw) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 肅 (OC *sɯwɢ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshīng • Middle-Chinese : zjowngH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Middle-Chinese : yowng
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siau • Middle-Chinese : sew
|to laud; to acclaim; to praise; to extol • ode; hymn; eulogy ‖ (alt. form 容) appearance; looks • (alt. form 容) to tolerate; to be lenient
|(music) xiao, a vertical, notched, end-blown bamboo flute used since ancient times in Chinese traditional and classical music • (music, historical) paixiao; panpipes • (Cantonese, Northern Min, Eastern Min) transverse flute • a surname: Xiao
| ‖ 頌(しょう) • (shō)
| ‖ 簫(しょう) • (shō) ^(←せう (seu)?)
|eulogy ‖ eulogy
| ‖ xiao, a vertically blown Chinese flute
|頌 • (song, yong) · 頌 • (song, yong) (hangeul 송, 용, revised song, yong, McCune–Reischauer song, yong, Yale song, yong)
|簫 • (so) · 簫 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tụng
|Hán-Nôm : tiêu • Hán-Nôm : tiu
|
|
|頌
|簫
|-
|-
|預
|簷
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *las) : phonetic 予 (OC *la, *laʔ) + semantic 頁.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : īr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ǐr • Middle-Chinese : yoH
|beforehand, in advance • to take part in • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to participate in an activity • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to play (chess, cards, mahjong, hide-and-seek, etc.) • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien, of an activity) to start • (Cantonese, Teochew) to foresee; to expect; to anticipate • (Cantonese, Teochew) to prepare; to plan for; to estimate • (Cantonese) to reserve a place; to count someone in
|
|
|beforehand • take care of • entrust
|預 • (ye) · 預 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey)
|
|
|canonical : 預: Hán Việt readings: dự 預: Nôm readings: dứa • canonical : dựa • canonical : nhứ • canonical : rợ
|chữ Hán form of dự (“to participate”). • (in compounds) chữ Hán form of dự (“to forsee, to prepare”).
|預
|-
|頑
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋroːn, *ŋroːn) : phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon, “head”) + semantic 頁 (“head”). \ As 元 came to be used to mean “original”, rather than “head”, this character was formed from the original meaning of 元 (“head”) + the semantic element 頁／页 to affirm the “head” meaning, but with the modification in meaning to “an intransigent head”; the head of a heady person.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Middle-Chinese : ngwaen
|obstinate; stubborn; recalcitrant • stupid; ignorant • naughty; mischievous
|
|
|stubborn
|頑 • (wan) · 頑 • (wan) (hangeul 완, revised wan, McCune–Reischauer wan, Yale wan)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ngoan • Hán-Nôm : ngoãn
|
|
|頑
|簷 • (cheom) · 簷 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem)
|-
|頒
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːn, *bɯn) : phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns) + semantic 頁 (“head”). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pan • Middle-Chinese : paen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bjun
|to confer; to bestow; to grant; to present • to publish; to promulgate • Used in 頒白／颁白. ‖ having a large head
|
|
|distribute, partition
|頒 • (ban, bun) · 頒 • (ban, bun) (hangeul 반, 분, revised ban, bun, McCune–Reischauer pan, pun, Yale pan, pun)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ban
|
|
|頒
|簷
|-
|-
|頓
|簽
|; “tired” ‖ ; “tired” ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *skʰlam) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tùn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuìnn • Middle-Chinese : twonH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǹg ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : duk⁶
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiam
|to pause • to arrange; to handle; to deal with • to stamp the ground • (literary) to kowtow • Classifier for meals. • Classifier for beatings, scoldings, etc. • suddenly; abruptly; all of the sudden • tired; weary; fatigued; exhausted; strained • (Southern Min) meal • (Southern Min) to stamp; to affix (a seal) • (Hakka) to hit; to bump into with elbow • (Southern Min) to strike; to beat; to hit • (Southern Min) to fall on one's buttocks • (Southern Min) to place a heavy object on a flat platform • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to have a trial of strength or skill; to have a contest; to compete with • a surname: Dun ‖ (Mainland China Hokkien) to place somewhere for a short period of time to produce some effect ‖ Only used in 冒頓／冒顿 (Mòdú).
|to sign; to endorse • slip of paper • Alternative form of 籤／签 (qiān)
|
|
|to kowtow • to rest, to stay, to abide • suddenly
|label, signature
|頓 • (don, dun) · 頓 • (don, dun) (hangeul 돈, 둔)
|簽 • (cheom) · 簽 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đốn • Hán-Nôm : đón • Hán-Nôm : nhún • Hán-Nôm : dún • Hán-Nôm : đon • Hán-Nôm : đún • Hán-Nôm : lún • Hán-Nôm : rón
|Hán-Nôm : thiêm • Hán-Nôm : kiểm • Hán-Nôm : tiêm • Hán-Nôm : xâm
|
|
|頓
|簽
|-
|-
|頗
|簾
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːl, *pʰaːlʔ, *pʰaːls) : phonetic 皮 (OC *bral) + semantic 頁.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·rem) : semantic 竹 + phonetic 廉 (OC *ɡ·rem).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : po² • Cantonese · Jyutping : po¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phò • Middle-Chinese : pha • Middle-Chinese : phaX • Middle-Chinese : phaH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Middle-Chinese : ljem
|(literary) leaning to one side; oblique; slanting • (literary or Hong Kong) very; rather; quite; considerably • (Eastern Min) about; almost • a surname: Po
|hanging screen; curtain; blind
|
|
|
|
|頗 • (pa) · 頗 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha)
|簾 (eumhun 발 렴 (bal ryeom), word-initial (South Korea) 발 염 (bal yeom))
|hanja form of 렴/염 (“blind; curtain”)
|Hán-Nôm : liêm
|
|
|canonical : 頗: Hán Việt readings: pha • canonical : phả 頗: Nôm readings: phở • canonical : pha • canonical : phả • canonical : và
|簾
|Nôm form of phở (“pho”).
|頗
|-
|-
|顎
|籃
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːɡ) : phonetic 咢 (OC *ŋaːɡ) + semantic 頁.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːm) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : go̍k • Middle-Chinese : ngak
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁴⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâm • Middle-Chinese : lam
|jaw
|basket • (sports) ring; basket (in basketball) • (sports) basketball (sport) • Classifier for baskets.
| ‖ 顎(あご) • (ago) ‖ 顎(がく) • (gaku)
|
|jaw ‖ jaw • chin • barb • jaw of a machine ‖ jaw
|顎 • (ak) · 顎 • (ak) (hangeul 악, revised ak, McCune–Reischauer ak, Yale ak)
|
|
|籃 • (ram>nam) · 籃 • (ram>nam) (hangeul 람>남, revised ram>nam, McCune–Reischauer ram>nam, Yale lam>nam)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lam • Hán-Nôm : xờm • Hán-Nôm : làn • Hán-Nôm : xớm
|
|
|顎
|籃
|-
|-
|顯
|籌
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 日 (“sun”) + 絲 (“silk”) + 頁 (“person's head”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *du) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 壽 (OC *djuʔ, *djus).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : hin² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hián • Middle-Chinese : xenX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiû • Middle-Chinese : drjuw
|prominent; conspicuous; visible • to appear; to manifest; to display • (prefix) phanero- • (honorific) an honorific for deceased immediate family members • (Wenzhounese) very
|chip; tally; token • plan; stratagem; means • to plan; to prepare • to raise (money, funds, etc.) • (archaic) Classifier for persons. • (Cantonese) ticket for a queue
|
|
|
|
|顯 • (hyeon) · 顯 • (hyeon) (hangeul 현)
|籌 • (ju) · 籌 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hiển
|Hán-Nôm : trù
|
|
|顯
|籌
|-
|-
|飲
|籟
|In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 酉 (“bottle (of alcoholic beverages)”) + 人 (“person”) + 口 (“mouth (occasionally with the tongue protruding)”) – a person bending over a bottle to drink the alcoholic beverage. The droplets represented drops of the drink or saliva. \ In the bronze script, the mouth separated from the body and corrupted into 今 (OC *krɯm), while the rest of the body became 欠 (OC *kʰoms). These two components also acted as phonetic components. These changes were inherited in the seal script, leading Shuowen to interpret this character (㱃) as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms) : phonetic 酓 (OC *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms) + semantic 欠 (“yawn”). \ In the clerical script, 酓 has been modified to 食 (“to eat”), which is inherited in the current form. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔam (“to eat; to drink”). ‖ In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 酉 (“bottle (of alcoholic beverages)”) + 人 (“person”) + 口 (“mouth (occasionally with the tongue protruding)”) – a person bending over a bottle to drink the alcoholic beverage. The droplets represented drops of the drink or saliva. \ In the bronze script, the mouth separated from the body and corrupted into 今 (OC *krɯm), while the rest of the body became 欠 (OC *kʰoms). These two components also acted as phonetic components. These changes were inherited in the seal script, leading Shuowen to interpret this character (㱃) as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms) : phonetic 酓 (OC *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms) + semantic 欠 (“yawn”). \ In the clerical script, 酓 has been modified to 食 (“to eat”), which is inherited in the current form. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔam (“to eat; to drink”). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ím • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ám • Middle-Chinese : 'imX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : jam³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˋ • Middle-Chinese : 'imH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : lim
|(literary or Cantonese, Hakka) to drink • (Cantonese) to attend a banquet • to swallow (tears); to nurse (grievance); to keep in the heart • Alternative form of 隱／隐 (“to hide; to conceal”) • beverage; drink • diet; food • (dialectal Cantonese, including Taishanese, Yangjiang; dialectal Gan; dialectal Hakka; Min) rice water • (Xiamen, Zhangping and Taiwanese Hokkien) sticky and watery ‖ to give (animals) water to drink; to water (animals) • (Southwestern Mandarin) to water (plants) • (literary) to wine and dine (someone); to entertain with alcohol and food ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 啉 (lim, “to drink”)
| ‖ 飲(いん) • (in) ‖ 飲(いん) • (in)
| ‖ drink • bear; endure ‖ (literary) drinking (alcoholic beverages) • (literary) drink; beverage • (literary) banquet; feast
|
|
|drink • inhale
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : lajH
|Hán-Nôm : ẩm • Hán-Nôm : ỡm • Hán-Nôm : hẩm
|ancient wind instrument made with bamboo pipes • Synonym of 簫／箫 (xiāo, “xiao”) • sound; noise
|
|
|飲
|rattling of the wind
|籟 • (roe>noe) · 籟 • (roe>noe) (hangeul 뢰>뇌, revised roe>noe, McCune–Reischauer roe>noe, Yale loy>noy)
|
|Hán-Nôm : lới • Hán-Nôm : lài
|
|籟
|-
|-
|飼
|籤
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljɯs) : semantic 食 + phonetic 司 (OC *slɯ). \ See 食.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰem) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 韱 (OC *sem).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīr • Middle-Chinese : ziH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiam • Middle-Chinese : tshjem
|to feed; to rear • (Southern Min) to support (one's parents, elders, etc.) • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to support (a mistress)
|inscribed bamboo slips used for divination or drawing lots; (in general) lot • slender pointed piece of wood • sticker; marker; label
| ‖ 籤(くじ) • (kuji)
| ‖ lottery
|籤 (eumhun 제비 첨 (jebi cheom))
|hanja form of 첨 (“lottery”)
|Hán-Nôm : thiêm • Hán-Nôm : tiêm
|
|
|domesticate, raise, keep, feed
|籤
|飼 (eumhun 기를 사 (gireul sa))
|hanja form of 사 (“to feed; to raise”)
|canonical : 飼: Hán Việt readings: tự 飼: Nôm readings: tự
|chữ Hán form of tự (“breed, raise, rear”).
|飼
|-
|-
|餅
|籬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *peŋʔ) : semantic 飠 (“food”) + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs); traditional glyph form during Ming and Qing dynasty used to advocate 幷 (as in 餠) based on the influence of Shuowen.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rel) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 離 (OC *reːls, *rel, *rels)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : beng² • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : píng • Middle-Chinese : pjiengX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴⁻¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Middle-Chinese : lje
|pastry; biscuit; cookie • any round and flat pancake-like object • (Cantonese) Classifier for video cassettes. • (Cantonese) Western-style pastry (usually cake) (Classifier: 件 c) • (Cantonese, figuratively) pie (the whole of a wealth or resource, to be divided in parts) (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (Cantonese, fitness) 20 kilograms of weight • (Eastern Min) Classifier for pastry or flat objects.
|fence made of bamboo or branches • Used in 笊籬／笊篱 (zhàoli, “strainer”). • (Cantonese) sieve; spider skimmer
| ‖ 餅(もち) • (mochi) ‖ 餅(もち) • (Mochi) ‖ 餅(もちい) • (mochii) ^(←もちひ (motifi)?) ‖ 餅(かちん) • (kachin) ‖ 餅(あも) • (amo)
| ‖ 籬(かき) • (kaki) · 籬(まがき) • (magaki) · 籬(ませ) • (mase)
|mochi (glutinous rice cake) • food containing mochi • food kneaded and baked from flour ‖ mochi (Japanese rice cake made from glutinous rice, usually mixed with other ingredients) ‖ a surname ‖ (archaic) mochi (Japanese rice cake made from glutinous rice, usually mixed with other ingredients) ‖ (colloquial) mochi (Japanese rice cake made from glutinous rice, usually mixed with other ingredients) ‖ (usually childish) mochi filled or wrapped in red bean paste • (usually childish, by extension) mochi (Japanese rice cake made from glutinous rice, usually mixed with other ingredients)
| ‖ Alternative form of 垣 • roughly woven fence • a short fence • a divider in theaters
|餅 (eumhun 떡 병 (tteok byeong))
|籬 (eum 리 (ri), word-initial (South Korea) 이 (i))
|Alternative form of 餠 (“Hanja form of 병 (“rice cake”). ”)
|
|romanization : bánh
|Hán-Nôm : li
|Nôm form of bánh (“pastry, cake, bread, dumpling, noodle, wafer, or pudding”).
|
|餅
|籬
|-
|-
|餌
|籮
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯs) : semantic 食 (“to eat”) + phonetic 耳 (OC *njɯʔ). \ An area word. Compare Khmer នុយ (nuy, “bait; lure (especially for catching fish)”), Thai เหยื่อ (yʉ̀ʉa, “bait”) (Schuelsser, 2007).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːl) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 羅 (OC *raːl). \ Compare Mizo hrai (“basket for measuring rice”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄦˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ní • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jínn • Middle-Chinese : nyiH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴⁻¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luâ • Middle-Chinese : la
|food made of rice dough • food • medicine • to eat • to feed • bait (either for fish or for other animals) • to lure
|bamboo basket
| ‖ 餌(えさ) • (esa) ^(←ゑさ (wesa)?) ‖ 餌(え) • (e) ^(←ゑ (we)?)
| ‖ animal food, feed • bait ‖ animal food, feed • bait
|餌 • (i) · 餌 • (i) (hangeul 이, revised i, McCune–Reischauer i, Yale i)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nhị • Hán-Nôm : nhĩ
|
|
|餌
|-
|餐
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːn) : phonetic 𣦼 () + semantic 食 (“to eat; meal; food”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-dz(j)a-k/n/t/s (“to eat; food; to feed; rice”), whence Tibetan ཟ (za, “to eat”); probably also related to 咀 (OC *ʔsaʔ, *zaʔ, “to chew”) (STEDT; Benedict, 1972; Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, it may be compared to Tibetan འཚལ ('tshal, “to eat”), ཚལ་མ (tshal ma, “breakfast”) (Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshan • Middle-Chinese : tshan
|to eat • meal • cuisine; (type of) food • Classifier for meals. • (Cantonese, Gan, Xiang) Classifier for beatings, scoldings, etc. • (Hong Kong Cantonese) Short for 午餐肉 (“luncheon meat”).
| ‖ 餐(さん) • (san)
| ‖ eating and drinking
|餐 • (chan, son) · 餐 • (chan, son) (hangeul 찬, 손, revised chan, son, McCune–Reischauer ch'an, son, Yale chan, son)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : xun • Hán-Nôm : san • Hán-Nôm : xan
|
|
|餐
|-
|餘
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la) : semantic 食 + phonetic 余 (OC *la). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la) : semantic 食 + phonetic 余 (OC *la).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˊ
|to remain; to have left • time after an event • over; more than • surplus; remainder; excess • remaining; spare; surplus • (obsolete) Alternative form of 余 (“I”) • (obsolete) salt • a surname: Yu ‖ Only used in 緒餘／绪余 (xùyú).
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 余. • (rare) be left over
|餘 (eumhun 남을 여 (nameul yeo))
|hanja form of 여 (“remainder”)
|Hán-Nôm : dư • Hán-Nôm : thừa
|
|
|餘
|籮
|-
|-
|馨
|籲
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰeːŋ) : phonetic 殸 (OC *kʰreːŋ, *kʰeːŋs) + semantic 香 (“sweet”).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *los) : phonetic 籥 (OC *lowɢ) + semantic 頁 (“head”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hing • Middle-Chinese : xeng
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joek⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Middle-Chinese : yuH
|(literary) spread out fragrance; fragrant • (literary, figurative) widespread renown and reputation
|to appeal; to plead; to call
| ‖ 馨(かおる) • (Kaoru)
|
|fragrant • balmy • favourable ‖ a unisex given name
|to appeal or plead
|馨 (eumhun 꽃다울 형 (kkotdaul hyeong)) · 馨 (eumhun 향기 형 (hyanggi hyeong))
|籲 (eum 유 (yu))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hinh • Hán-Nôm : hanh • Hán-Nôm : hênh
|Hán-Nôm : dụ • Hán-Nôm : hu
|
|
|馨
|籲
|-
|-
|駐
|粘
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tos) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 主 (OC *tjoʔ). Cf. 住 (zhù), with the 人 radical replacing 馬. \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan, with *-s nominalization or stative suffix. 輟 (OC *tod) is a likely cognate via causative formation. (Jin, 2004)
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nem) : semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems) – glutinous, sticky rice.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsū • Middle-Chinese : trjuH
|Cantonese · Jyutping : nim¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zim¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâm • Middle-Chinese : nrjem
|(of troops, diplomats) to be stationed; to be posted • (literary, or in compounds) to halt; to stop
|to adhere; to stick • a surname
|
|
|station; one's post; stationed at • resident • stationary
|sticky, glutinous • to stick to, to cling to • to persevere
|駐 (eumhun 머무를 주 (meomureul ju))
|粘 (eumhun 붙을 점 (buteul jeom))
|hanja form of 주 (“to be stationed; to be posted”)
|hanja form of 점 (“sticky”)
|Hán-Nôm : trú
|Hán-Nôm : niêm • Hán-Nôm : chiêm • Hán-Nôm : dính
|
|
|駐
|粘
|-
|-
|駒
|粧
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ko) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo). \ Ultimately from Sanskrit घोट (ghoṭa), घोड (ghoḍa) (see घोटक (ghoṭaka) for Indo-Aryan descendants), which has been borrowed into many Sino-Tibetan languages; cognate with Proto-Tani *kɯ, Mizo sa-kawr (STEDT 6023). \ Alternatively, Wang (1982) relates this to 狗 (OC *koːʔ, “dog; puppy”), 羔 (OC *kluː, “lamb”), 𤘽 (“calf”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ku • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khi • Middle-Chinese : kju
|foal (young horse) • a surname
| ‖ 駒(こま) • (koma)
| ‖ (rare) foal, young horse (or generally) horse • (shogi, chess) piece, man • someone controlled by another: a pawn, a puppet • (music) bridge (the piece, on string instruments, that supports the strings from the sounding board)
|駒 • (gu) · 駒 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : câu
|
|
|駒
|-
|騷
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *suː) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 蚤 (OC *ʔsuːʔ). Sense “grieved, sad” is a phonetic loan. \ ; to harass, to bother \ ; grieved, sad ‖ From English show. Doublet of 秀 (xiù).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : sou¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : so • Hokkien · Tai-lo : soo • Middle-Chinese : saw ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : sou¹
|to harass; to bother; to annoy; to disturb; to agitate • sad; grieved • coquettish; flirty; provocative • Alternative form of 臊 (“having the smell like one of urine”) • (Sichuanese) at random • (Lanyin Mandarin) flippant • (Xinjiang Mandarin) awesome ‖ show; performance • to show; to display
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|騷 (eum 소 (so))
|cosmetics
|粧 • (jang) · 粧 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
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|Hán-Nôm : tao
|Hán-Nôm : chang • Hán-Nôm : trang
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|騷
|粧
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|驅
|粳
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰo, *kʰos) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo).
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khi • Middle-Chinese : khju • Middle-Chinese : khjuH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Middle-Chinese : kaeng
|to drive (a horse or a car); to spur • to run quickly • to expel; to disperse • to compel • Short for 驅逐艦／驱逐舰 (qūzhújiàn, “destroyer”).
|non-glutinous rice
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|spur a horse on • expel • drive away
|驅 (eumhun 몰 구 (mol gu))
|hanja form of 구 (“spur a horse on”) • hanja form of 구 (“expel, drive away”)
|Hán-Nôm : xúi • Hán-Nôm : khu • Hán-Nôm : xù
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|驅
|粳 • (gaeng) · 粳 • (gaeng) (hangeul 갱, revised gaeng, McCune–Reischauer kaeng, Yale kayng)
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|Hán-Nôm : canh
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|粳
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|驗
|粵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋrams) : semantic 馬 + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).
|A specialization of 雩 (OC *qʰʷla, *ɢʷla) by modification of 雨 (Chi, 2010). \ Shuowen interprets it as an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宷 + 亏. \ Related to 越 (OC *ɢʷad, “Yue; Viet”). See there for more. ‖ Related to the particles 曰 (OC *ɢʷad) and 越 (OC *ɢʷad). Smith (2012) proposes this to be derived from the prepositional phrase *于之 (OC *ɢʷa tjɯ). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giām • Middle-Chinese : ngjemH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua̍t • Middle-Chinese : hjwot ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyut⁶ • Middle-Chinese : hjwot ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyut⁶ • Middle-Chinese : hjwot
|to test; to examine; to inspect • to verify • to produce the desired effect • intended result
|(historical) Yue people; Baiyue people • Guangdong • Guangdong and Guangxi • Short for 粵語／粤语 (yuèyǔ, “Cantonese”). • (informal, punning) Alternative form of 越 (“more”), usually in reference to the Cantonese language. ‖ A particle. · Used in the beginning of a clause to express a prudent tone. • A particle. · Used in the middle of a clause. ‖ generous; favourable
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|驗 (eum 험 (heom))
|粵 (eumhun 말이 내킬 월 (mari naekil wol))
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|Hán-Nôm : nghiệm
|Hán-Nôm : việt
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|驗
|粵
|-
|-
|驛
|粹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laːɡ) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 睪 (OC *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː). \ Same word as 繹 (OC *laːɡ, “to unravel”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more. \ Alternatively, Blažek and Schwarz (2017) suggest that this is perhaps a loan from a hypothetical Tocharian compound *klyælylyæ-yäkwæ (“standing of horses”), but this seems to be highly speculative. \ The Taiwanese Hokkien sense is an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 駅(えき) (eki).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Middle-Chinese : yek
|posthorse • relay station (for posting horses) • (Taiwanese Hokkien) train station, bus stop, or similar
| ‖ 驛(えき) • (eki)
| ‖ Kyūjitai form of 駅: station (train, underground/subway)
|驛 (eum 역 (yeok)) ‖ 驛 • (yeok) (hangeul 역)
| ‖ hanja form of 역 (“(railway, subway) station”)
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suì • Middle-Chinese : swijH
|pure; unadulterated • essence
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|驛
|-
|骸
|Possibly related to 核 (OC *ɡuːd, *ɡrɯːɡ, “kernel; seed”) (Schuessler, 2007; Smith, 2011). See there for further etymology.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâi • Middle-Chinese : heaj
|skeleton; bones (particularly of a dead person) • shinbone • body
| ‖ 骸(むくろ) • (mukuro)
|corpse ‖ corpse
|骸 (eumhun 뼈 해 (ppyeo hae))
|hanja form of 해 (“corpse; body”) • hanja form of 해 (“bone”)
|Hán-Nôm : hài
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|
|骸
|粹 • (su) · 粹 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|-
|髓
|From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *suj (“marrow”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshér • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshué • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuí • Middle-Chinese : sjweX
|bone marrow • pith; medulla • essence; substance
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|髓 (eumhun 뼛골 수 (ppyeotgol su))
|hanja form of 수 (“bone marrow”)
|Hán-Nôm : tủy • Hán-Nôm : tuỷ
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|髓
|粹
|-
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|體
|粽
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *r̥ʰiːʔ) : semantic 骨 (“bone”) + phonetic 豊 (OC *riːʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sri (“to exist”) (Benedict, 1976); cognate with Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-ri(t), whence Tibetan སྲིད་པ (srid pa) and Burmese ရှိ (hri., “to be, to exist”). \ Schuessler (2007) derives Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“live, alive, green, raw”) from this root, yet points out that 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs)'s initial *sr- cluster was retained instead of becoming voiceless /r̥/ as in 體 (OC *r̥ʰiːʔ), possibly owing to re-analysis of *s- as a causative prefix.
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːŋs) : semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 宗 (OC *ʔsuːŋ). \ First attested in Fengsu Tongyi (195). Bencao Gangmu claimed it was derived from 棕 (zōng, “palm tree”) due to similar shapes of zongzi and palm tree leaves.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thué • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thé • Middle-Chinese : thejX
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàng • Middle-Chinese : tsuwngH
|body • part of the body • state of a substance • whole entity • form; structure • (literature) style; form; genre; structure • style of calligraphy • typeface • three-dimensional object • principle • (Mainland China, grammar) aspect of a verb • (Taiwan, mathematics) field • to do or experience personally • to put oneself in someone else's position • (Philippine Hokkien) manner; attitude; behavior • a surname
|zongzi (dumpling made of glutinous rice, wrapped in leaves) (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
| ‖ 粽(ちまき) • (chimaki) ‖ 粽(ちまき) • (Chimaki)
|rice dumplings steamed in bamboo leaves ‖ a rice cake or dumpling wrapped in bamboo leaves • zongzi • (Buddhism, architecture) Short for 粽形 (chimaki-gata): a Zen-style pillar with rounded edges on the top and bottom parts ‖ a surname
|粽 • (jong) · 粽 • (jong) (hangeul 종, McCune–Reischauer chong, Yale cong)
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|
|body
|Hán-Nôm : tông • Hán-Nôm : tống
|體 (eumhun 몸 체 (mom che))
|hanja form of 체 (“body; shape; form”) • hanja form of 체 (“matter; object”) • hanja form of 체 (“style; handwriting”)
|Hán-Nôm : thể
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|體
|粽
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|髮
|糜
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pod) : semantic 髟 (“long hair”) + phonetic 犮 (OC *boːd). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-pu. Alternatively, it may be derived from 發 (OC *pad, “to sprout”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mral) : phonetic 麻 (OC *mraːl) + semantic 米 (“rice”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mral) : phonetic 麻 (OC *mraːl) + semantic 米 (“rice”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mral) : phonetic 麻 (OC *mraːl) + semantic 米 (“rice”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄚˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huat • Middle-Chinese : pjot
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Middle-Chinese : mje ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bêr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : môi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mai • Middle-Chinese : mje ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴
|(anatomy) hair • (figurative) grass and trees (on a mountain); vegetation • a surname
|mushy; rotten • to waste; to spend extravagantly • to damage • a surname ‖ (literary or Hakka, Southern Min, dialectal Eastern Min, Shehua) congee • (Fuzhou Eastern Eastern Min) thick congee (with less water than 粥) • (Hainanese) cooked rice (general term, including congee) • (Hainanese, Leizhou Min) meal • congee-like substance; viscous substance; paste ‖ proso millet (especially non-sticky varieties) • type of millet that is not sticky See also: 穄子
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|糜 • (mi) · 糜 • (mi) (hangeul 미, revised mi, McCune–Reischauer mi, Yale mi)
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|hair (specifically on one's head; does not indicate body hair)
|Hán-Nôm : mi
|髮 (eumhun 터럭 발 (teoreok bal))
|hanja form of 발 (“hair”)
|Hán-Nôm : phát
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|髮
|糜
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|鬱
|糞
|Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 林 (“forest”) + 大 (“person”) + 勹. \ Now phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qud) : semantic 林 (“forest”) + phonetic 𩰪 ().
|Oracle bone: pictogram (象形) : 3 dots + 𠀠 + 廾 + optional 帚 (zhǒu). \ Small seal: pictogram (象形) : 釆 + 𠦒 + 廾. \ The current glyph is from the small seal script. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brun (“excrement”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan བྲུན (brun, “dung”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ut • Middle-Chinese : 'jut
|Cantonese · Jyutping : fan³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pùn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hùn • Middle-Chinese : pjunH
|lush; luxuriant; exuberant; dense; thick • depressed; gloomy; moody • to gather; to build up; to stagnate; to become stagnant • to begrudge; to resent; to feel aggrieved • various; abundant; profuse • deep; obscure; profound • melancholy; depression • hot air (rising); steam • a kind of plum • name of a god • tall and big • putrid; putrefied • tulip; fragrant grass • (～水) name for a branch of the Pearl River, including the You River, Yu River and the Xun River in Guangxi, as well as the Xi River downstream in Guangdong • (～郡) name of an ancient Chinese prefecture • (Hokkien) to suppress one's feelings; to hold back one's emotions (of worry, anger, etc.) • (Hokkien) to bend; to coil; to twist • (Hokkien) to curl up; to roll up • (Mainland China Hokkien) to cause someone to feel wronged • (Mainland China Hokkien) to constrain oneself to work • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to restrain; to hold back; to constrain • a surname
|excrement; faeces; dung • manure • (literary, or in compounds) to apply manure to • (literary, or in compounds) to clear away
| ‖ 鬱(うつ) • (utsu) -na (adnominal 鬱(うつ)な (utsu na), adverbial 鬱(うつ)に (utsu ni)) ‖ 鬱(うつ) • (utsu) ‖ 鬱(うつ) • (utsu)
| ‖ 糞(くそ) • (kuso) ‖ 糞(くそ) • (kuso) ‖ 糞(くそ) • (kuso-) ‖ 糞(くそ) • (-kuso) ‖ 糞(ふん) or 糞(フン) • (fun) ‖ 糞(ばば) • (baba)
|depression, gloom, melancholy ‖ depressing • depressed ‖ (psychiatry) depression ‖ dense (growth); lush; luxuriant • accumulate; stagnate • depression; gloom; melancholy
| ‖ (colloquial) feces, excrement • (by extension) shit, crap, garbage, trash ‖ (often vulgar) shit, crap ‖ (derogatory) pejorative prefix ‖ crappy, for shit: a derogatory emphasizing suffix. ‖ droppings, dung ‖ (childish) poopoo, poop, dookie • (childish) something unclean
|鬱 (eumhun 답답할 울 (dapdaphal ul))
|糞 (eumhun 똥 분 (ttong bun))
|hanja form of 울 (“stuffy; stifling; suffocating”)
|hanja form of 분 (“dung”)
|Hán-Nôm : uất
|Hán-Nôm : phẩn • Hán-Nôm : phân
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|鬱
|糞
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|魁
|糢
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰuːl) : phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ) + semantic 斗 (“ladle”) – soup ladle. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰuːl) : phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ) + semantic 斗 (“ladle”) – soup ladle. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰuːl) : phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ) + semantic 斗 (“ladle”) – soup ladle.
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fui¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khue • Middle-Chinese : khwoj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄞˋ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴
|first; leading; best • chief; leader; head • tall and big; imposing; stalwart • outstanding; prominent; exceptional • (literary) soup ladle; dipper; spoon • (literary, astronomy) Dubhe (the first star in the Big Dipper, farthest from the handle) • (literary, astronomy) Dubhe (the first star in the Big Dipper, farthest from the handle) · (literary, astronomy) the four stars comprising the bowl of the Big Dipper • (obsolete) mound; small hill • (obsolete) blood clam • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 塊／块 (kuài, “alone; solitary”) ‖ (Hokkien) Used in 魁頭／魁头 (khe-thâu).
|Alternative form of 饃／馍 (mó)
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|糢 • (mo) · 糢 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo, Yale mo)
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|One who charges ahead of others • leader, forerunner
|魁 (eum 괴 (goe))
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|Hán-Nôm : khôi
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|魁
|糢
|-
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|魄
|糸
|From Proto-Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan བླ (bla) and Burmese လိပ်ပြာ (lippra). \ Related to 白 (OC *braːɡ, “white”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ ; "illuminated part of the moon" \ ; "dark part of the moon" ‖ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan བླ (bla) and Burmese လိပ်ပြာ (lippra). \ Related to 白 (OC *braːɡ, “white”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ ; "illuminated part of the moon" \ ; "dark part of the moon" ‖ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan བླ (bla) and Burmese လိပ်ပြာ (lippra). \ Related to 白 (OC *braːɡ, “white”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ ; "illuminated part of the moon" \ ; "dark part of the moon"
|Pictogram (象形) : a skein of silk.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paak³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phik • Middle-Chinese : phaek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bok⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tok³ • Middle-Chinese : thak
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mik⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mek
|(religion, folklore) the po, the soul which does not leave the body after death, compared to 魂 (hún) which does. • soul; spirit • vigor • body • (archaic, Chinese astronomy) bright, illuminated part of the moon • (obsolete, retroactively proscribed) dark part of the moon ‖ sound of falling • Used in 魄莫. • Used in 旁魄. ‖ Only used in 落魄 (luòtuò), alternative form of 落拓 (luòtuò)
|thin silk • A length unit, equal to the width of five parallel threads of silk.
| ‖ 魄(たま) • (tama) ‖ 魄(はく) • (haku)
| ‖ 糸(いと) • (ito)
|a soul ‖ Alternative spelling of 魂 (“soul”) ‖ (religion, folklore) po (haku), the soul which does not leave the body after death, compared to hun (kon) which does.
| ‖ thread
|魄 (eumhun 넋 백 (neok baek)) ‖ 魄 (eumhun 영락할 탁 (yeongnakhal tak))
|糸 (eumhun 가는 실 멱 (ganeun sil myeok))
|hanja form of 백 (“soul; spirit”) ‖ hanja form of 탁 (“to wither and fall”)
|
|Hán-Nôm : phách
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|魄
|糸
|-
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|魏
|紂
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡuls) : phonetic 委 (OC *qrol, *qrolʔ) + phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ). \ ;high \ ;name of Zhou's vassal state ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡuls) : phonetic 委 (OC *qrol, *qrolʔ) + phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ). \ ;high \ ;name of Zhou's vassal state
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *duʔ) : semantic 糹 + abbreviated phonetic 肘 (OC *tkuʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guī • Middle-Chinese : ngjw+jH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau⁶ • Middle-Chinese : drjuwX
|(historical) (～國) State of Wei during the Warring States period • (historical) (～國) Cao Wei, one of the three major states in the Three Kingdoms period • (historical) (～朝) any of the dynasties of Northern Wei, Eastern Wei or Western Wei • a surname • high; tall • palace watchtower ‖ ^† standing alone • Alternative form of 巍 (wéi, “towering”)
|King Zhou of the Shang dynasty • (archaic) crupper (part of a saddle or carriage attachment)
| ‖ 魏(ぎ) • (Gi)
|high • large ‖ Wei kingdom in China
|魏 • (wi) · 魏 • (wi) (hangeul 위, revised wi, McCune–Reischauer wi, Yale wi)
|hanja form of 위 (“Wei kingdom in China”)
|canonical : 魏: Hán Việt readings: nguy • canonical : ngụy • canonical : nguỵ
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|魏
|
|紂 (eum 주 (ju))
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|紂
|-
|-
|鯨
|紇
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraŋ) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 京 (OC *kraŋ). \ Cognate with 京 (OC *kraŋ, “mound; capital; great”) (Wang, 1982).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiang • Middle-Chinese : gjaeng
|whale • great; huge
| ‖ 鯨(くじら) or 鯨(クジラ) • (kujira) ^(←くぢら (kudira)?) ‖ 鯨(いさ) • (isa) ‖ 鯨(いさな) • (isana)
| ‖ a whale (large sea mammal) ‖ (archaic) a whale (large sea mammal) ‖ (archaic) a whale (large sea mammal)
|鯨 (eumhun 고래 경 (gorae gyeong))
|hanja form of 경 (“whale”)
|Hán-Nôm : kình • Hán-Nôm : kềnh
|
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|鯨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gat¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat⁶ • Middle-Chinese : hot • Middle-Chinese : het
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|inferior silk • tassel • fringe
|紇 (eum 흘 (heul))
|to bind, tie • inferior silk
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|紇
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|鳳
|紉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bums) : phonetic 凡 (OC *bom) + 鳥 (“bird”). \ In the oracle bone script, the script of 鳳 (OC *bums) was often phonetically borrowed to represent 風 (OC *plum, *plums, “wind”). Subsequent forms of the script of 風 were also derived from parts of the bronze inscription of 鳳.
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōng • Middle-Chinese : bjuwngH
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jīm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jīn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lín • Middle-Chinese : nrin
|(Chinese mythology) male fenghuang (a mythological bird) • (Cantonese, euphemistic) chicken (as food) • (Hong Kong Cantonese) female prostitute • (～縣) Feng County, Fengxian (a county of Baoji, Shaanxi, China) • a surname
|to string; to thread (needles) • to sew; to stitch • (literary) to esteem highly
| ‖ 鳳(ほう) • (hō) ‖ 鳳(ほう) • (Hō)
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|feng (male fire-bird) or other fabled bird • person of excellence • imperial • expression of respect ‖ (Chinese mythology) feng: a fabled male fire-bird, thought to be a manifestation of a saint ‖ a surname
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|鳳 (eumhun 봉새 봉 (bongsae bong))
|hanja form of 봉 (“male phoenix”)
|Hán-Nôm : phượng • Hán-Nôm : phụng
|phoenix • Mohur tree
|鳳
|-
|鴻
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ) : phonetic 江 (OC *kroːŋ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : huwng • Middle-Chinese : huwngX
|(literary) swan • (literary) swan goose • (literary, figuratively) letter; epistle; written message • (literary) of great size; big; large; huge • (literary) strong; powerful; energetic
| ‖ 鴻(ひしくい) or 鴻(ヒシクイ) • (hishikui) ^(←ひしくひ (fisikufi) or ヒシクヒ (fisikufi)?)
|a large bird • a wild goose • large/great • powerful • prosperous ‖ Alternative spelling of 菱食 (“taiga bean goose (Anser fabalis)”)
|鴻 • (hong) · 鴻 • (hong) (hangeul 홍, revised hong, McCune–Reischauer hong, Yale hong)
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|Hán-Nôm : hồng
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|鴻
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|鹽
|Characters in the same phonetic series (監) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams) : phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms) + semantic 鹵 (“salt”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-rjum (“salt”). The Min forms point to a fricative initial in Proto-Min *ziem (“a white encrustation formed from saltwater or brine”). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (監) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams) : phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms) + semantic 鹵 (“salt”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-rjum (“salt”). The Min forms point to a fricative initial in Proto-Min *ziem (“a white encrustation formed from saltwater or brine”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sînn • Middle-Chinese : yem ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iām • Middle-Chinese : yemH
|salt; salty substance, especially table salt • (chemistry) salt • (Southern Min) food product pickled with salt • (Southern Min) sweat stain; salt efflorescence • (cryptography) salt ‖ (Classical, Min or Wu) to salt; to lay in brine; to pickle; to marinate • (Eastern Min) to devote oneself to; to invest • (Southern Min, of a wound) irritated; painful (from salt or medication) • (Ningbonese, of one's body) to be drenched in sweat • (Ningbonese) to apply soap to; to dab or cover with soap • Alternative form of 豔／艳 (yàn, “to envy”)
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|kyūjitai form of 塩 (“salt”)
|鹽 (eumhun 소금 염 (sogeum yeom))
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|Hán-Nôm : diêm • Hán-Nôm : diễm
|紉
|(in compounds) salt
|鹽
|-
|-
|麓
|紐
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːɡ) : semantic 林 + phonetic 鹿 (OC *b·roːɡ)
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nuʔ) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 丑 (OC *n̥ʰuʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : luk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : luk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : luwk
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄡˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niú • Middle-Chinese : nrjuwX
|foot of a mountain or hill; foothill • (obsolete) forest at the foot of a mountain • (obsolete) official who manages a (mountain) forest preserve
|button (Classifier: 粒 c) • handle; knob • pivot; hub • a surname • transliteration for "New" in place names; e.g. 紐約／纽约 (Niǔyuē), 紐西蘭／纽西兰 (Niǔxīlán).
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|foot of a mountain
|紐 • (nyu>yu) · 紐 • (nyu>yu) (hangeul 뉴>유, revised nyu>yu, McCune–Reischauer nyu>yu, Yale nyu>yu)
|麓 (eumhun 산기슭 록 (san'giseuk rok), word-initial (South Korea) 산기슭 녹 (san'giseuk nok))
|hanja form of 록/녹 (“foot of a mountain”)
|Hán-Nôm : lộc
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|麓
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|麥
|Characters in the same phonetic series (來) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrɯːɡ) : phonetic 來 (OC *m·rɯːɡ) + semantic 夊 (“foot; to walk slowly”). 來 was the original character for “wheat”. Several possible interpretations: \ * This character originally meant “to come”. Because the simpler 來 was commonly used for this (borrowed) sense, its original meaning (“wheat”) switched with 麥. \ * 夊 represents the ancient concept that wheat came from the heavens. \ * 夊 represents growth of the wheat plant. \ Etymologically unrelated to 來 (OC *m·rɯːɡ, “to come”). Schuessler (2007) suggests it is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m‑rə(k) (“buckwheat”) and cognate with Tibetan བྲ་བོ (bra bo, “buckwheat”); also compare Proto-Lolo-Burmese *g-ra² (“buckwheat”). STEDT compares 麥 (OC *mrɯːɡ, “wheat”) to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *bra (“buckwheat”) (provisional). \ Starostin (2009), on the other hand, compares 麥 (OC *mrɯːɡ, “wheat”) to Proto-Tungusic *murgi (“barley”), Middle Korean 밇 (milh, “wheat”), Old Japanese 麦 (mugi₁, “wheat; barley”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄞˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : be̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : be̍eh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bi̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bia̍k • Middle-Chinese : meak
|general term for wheat, barley, oats, ryes, etc. • (specifically) wheat • (Hainanese) corn; maize • Short for 麥克風／麦克风 (màikèfēng, “microphone”). • Short for 麥克斯韋／麦克斯韦 (Màikèsīwéi). • a surname
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|wheat
|麥 (eumhun 보리 맥 (bori maek))
|wheat; barley
|Hán-Nôm : mạch
|chữ Hán form of mạch (“barley”).
|麥
|-
|黃
|Chi (2010) proposes that 黃 was originally a pictogram (象形) and the original character of 尪 (OC *qʷaːŋ, “a disabled person with a protruding chest or abdomen”). It has been phonetically borrowed for "yellow" since the era of the oracle bone script. He (1998) noted the possible ritual of burning disabled people with a protruding chest or abdomen to pray for rain as mentioned in Zuozhuan. The 口 in the upper part of the bronze inscription of 黃 might be depicting the disabled person's face facing upwards. \ Li (2012), on the other hand, proposes that 黃 was originally a pictogram (象形) and the original character of 璜 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “semicircular jade”) as the 口 in the oracle bone script resembles a ring of jade, so the character would carry the meaning of "a man wearing a ring of jade on his chest". The meaning "yellow" is the result of rebus. \ According to Shuowen, it is both a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 炗 (, “light”) + semantic 田 (“field”) – the color of earth, with 炗 being the ancient form of 光 (OC *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs, “light”). However, this interpretation is likely erroneous as 廿 at the top was formed as a result of corruption of 口 in the bronze inscription. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hwaŋ (“shine; bright; yellow”). Cognate with 光 (OC *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs, “light; bright”), 曠 (OC *kʰʷaːŋs, “bright; well-lit”), Burmese ဝင်း (wang:, “bright”), Burmese ဝါ (wa, “yellow”). \ ;“sexually obscene; pornographic”
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : n̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : hwang
|yellow (colour) • yolk • Short for 蟹黃／蟹黄 (xièhuáng). • yellow; Far East Asian • (colloquial) pornographic; lewd • (colloquial) to fizzle out; to fall through • (Cantonese) to let the cat out of the bag (to let a secret be known) • (Hong Kong, politics) supportive of Hong Kong's pro-democracy movement • (Southern Min) to ripen • Short for 黃帝／黄帝 (Huángdì). • Short for 黃河／黄河 (Huáng Hé, “Yellow River”). • a surname
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|Kyūjitai form of 黄
|紐
|黃 (eumhun 누를 황 (nureul hwang))
|hanja form of 황 (“yellow; a surname”)
|canonical : 黃: Hán Việt readings: hoàng • canonical : huỳnh 黃: Nôm readings: vàng
|chữ Hán form of hoàng (“yellow”). • Nôm form of vàng (“yellow; gold”). • chữ Hán form of Hoàng (“a surname”).
|黃
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|黎
|紕
|Characters in the same phonetic series (利) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːl) : semantic 黍 (“millet”) + phonetic 利 (OC *rids). \ ; “black; numerous” \ ; “Li people” \ : Before Song dynasty, 俚 (lǐ) was a more common term.
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lê • Middle-Chinese : lej
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pai¹ • Middle-Chinese : phjij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bjie
|(obsolete) black • (literary) numerous • until; at the time of • (～國) (historical) state of Li (a state in modern-day Shanxi, China, during the Shang dynasty) • (～族) Li people (the largest ethnic minority in Hainan, China) • Short for 黎巴嫩 (Líbānèn, “Lebanon”). • a surname
| ‖
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|black, bluish black • gloomy, dusky • used to indicate the Li people of Hainan Province, China
|黎 (eum 려 (ryeo), word-initial (South Korea) 여 (yeo))
|hanja form of 여(黎) (“black”)
|Hán-Nôm : lê • Hán-Nôm : rê
|chữ Hán form of Lê (“a surname”).
|黎
|-
|黔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡram, *ɡrɯm) : semantic 黑 (“black”) + phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm) \ Perhaps an areal word related to Longzhou Zhuang kʰam¹ ("cloudy; dark"), Proto-Katuic *koom (“black”) (Schuessler, 2007). See also 黮 and 紺.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kim⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khâm • Middle-Chinese : gim • Middle-Chinese : gjem
|(literary) black • (obsolete) to blacken by tanning or exposure to smoke • (～州) Name of a prefecture in ancient China now located in Chongqing and Guizhou. • Short for 貴州／贵州 (Guìzhōu, “Guizhou”). • a surname
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|紕 • (bi) · 紕 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
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|黔 • (geom, geum) · 黔 • (geom, geum) (hangeul 검, 금, revised geom, geum, McCune–Reischauer kŏm, kŭm, Yale kem, kum)
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|Hán-Nôm : kiềm
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|黔
|紕
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|點
|紗
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːmʔ) : semantic 黑 (“black”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems) – black dots. ‖ Fusion of 底物 (MC tejX mjut), literally “what thing” (Guo, 2003). \ Often related to 怎 (zam2) due to similar syllable structure.
| ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiám • Middle-Chinese : temX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : dim²
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sa • Hokkien · Tai-lo : se • Hokkien · Tai-lo : see • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sua • Middle-Chinese : srae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄠˇ
|dot; spot; speck • place; point; spot • point; aspect • o'clock • time • (mathematics) point • (mathematics) decimal point • percent; percentage point • drop • (Chinese calligraphy) a dot stroke (㇔) • to nominate; to mention (one's name) • to count • to choose; to select; to order (food) • to nod • to point • to tap; to touch • to click • to light; to ignite • a little; a bit; some • (Cantonese) to dip in (sauce) • (Cantonese) to trick; to misguide • (Cantonese) to command • (Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism) extreme (Classifier: 個／个 c) ‖ (Cantonese) how
|yarn • gauze; sheer • muslin (a lightweight cotton cloth in a plain weave; or thin fabric made of silk or linen) ‖ Alternative form of 眇 (miǎo, “small; tiny; minute”)
| ‖ 紗(うすぎぬ) • (usuginu)
|silk gauze • gossamer ‖ Alternative spelling of 薄絹 (“sheer silk”)
|紗 • (sa) · 紗 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)
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|Kyūjitai form of 点
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|點 (eumhun 점 점 (jeom jeom))
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|hanja form of 점 (“point; dot; spot; speck”)
|紗
|canonical : 點: Hán Việt readings: điểm 點: Nôm readings: chấm • canonical : đếm • canonical : chúm • canonical : đém • canonical : đêm • canonical : đóm
|chữ Hán form of điểm (“a dot, a point, a period”). • chữ Hán form of điểm (“to identify, to choose, to nominate”). • Nôm form of đếm (“to count, to number, to enumerate”). • Nôm form of chấm (“to dip in, to punctuate”).
|點
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|-
|黨
|紜
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋʔ) : phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 黑 (“black”) – black; dark. \ The endoactive of 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to be equal of”), literally "that which is equal in rank" (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Identified as an ancient Chu dialect word in Han Dynasty scholar Yang Xiong's Fangyan. \ STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-twaŋ (“to see; to show”), whence Tibetan མཐོང (mthong, “to see; to perceive”). \ Alternatively, it may be of Austroasiatic origin. Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *tiɲ ~ *təɲ (“to know”), whence Khmer ដឹង (dəng), Eastern Bru ດັງ (dáng) (Behr, 2008; Ye, 2014). \ Perhaps related to 懂 (dǒng, “to understand”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢun) : semantic 糸 (“silk; thread”) + phonetic 云 (OC *ɢun)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóng • Middle-Chinese : tangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong²
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hjun
|community; fellow community member • gang; faction • (politics) party • (politics) party · (for one-party states, in press releases or official media) the ruling party · (chiefly Mainland China, specifically) the Communist Party of China • (politics) party · (for one-party states, in press releases or official media) the ruling party · (Vietnam, specifically) Communist Party of Vietnam • (politics) party · (for one-party states, in press releases or official media) the ruling party · (Wa State, specifically) United Wa State Party • (Hong Kong, used as suffix) a group or class of people with negative attribute, or a member of it • (used as suffix in Internet slang) a group or class of people, or a member of it • a surname ‖ (ancient Chu dialect) to know ‖ Alternative form of 倘
|numerous and disorderly
| ‖ 黨(とう) • (tō)
|
|(political) party ‖ Kyūjitai form of 党: political party
|disorder • confusion
|黨 (eumhun 무리 당 (muri dang))
|紜 • (un) · 紜 • (un) (hangeul 운)
|hanja form of 당 (“political party”)
|Hán-Nôm : đảng • Hán-Nôm : đoảng ‖
| ‖ chữ Hán form of đảng (“party”).
|黨
|-
|黯
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ám • Middle-Chinese : 'eam • Middle-Chinese : 'eamX
|dim, dark
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|black • dark
|黯 • (am) · 黯 • (am) (hangeul 암, revised am, McCune–Reischauer am, Yale am)
|dark, black • sullen, dreary
|Hán-Nôm : ảm
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|黯
|紜
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|-
|鼎
|紮
|Pictogram (象形) . \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(m/ʔ)-di(k/ŋ) (“pot; cauldron”) (STEDT).
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsriːd) : phonetic 札 (OC *sqriːd) + semantic 糸. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsriːd) : phonetic 札 (OC *sqriːd) + semantic 糸.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tíng • Middle-Chinese : tengX
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zaat³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsat • Middle-Chinese : tsreat ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsat
|ding (ancient large, three-legged bronze cauldron for cooking or sacrificial rituals) • (figurative) throne; monarchy • (figurative, historical) important figures in the government • (figurative) big; great • (figurative) tripartite balance of forces • (historical) ancient instrument of torture • (literary) just (at this time); meanwhile • (Min) wok • 50th hexagram of the I Ching • a surname
|to tie; to bind • (regional) Classifier for objects put into a bundle: bundle • (Mainland China Hokkien) to raise; to lift up (curtain, clothing, etc.) • (Mainland China Hokkien) to guide and support (someone) • (Mainland China Hokkien) to wrap up; to bind up; to pack • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to carry; to bring along (on one's person, originally on one's waist) ‖ (military) to be stationed; to be quartered (of troops) • (Cantonese) to be promoted (in rank or position)
| ‖ 鼎(かなえ) • (kanae) ^(←かなへ (kanafe)?) ‖ 鼎(てい) • (tei)
|three-legged kettle • trio, triad ‖ a three-legged kettle, a tripod kettle, used for cooking and later for ceremonial purposes in ancient China, and often made of bronze • a symbol of a king or other high authority ‖ a three-legged kettle, a tripod kettle, used for cooking and later for ceremonial purposes in ancient China, and often made of bronze • one of the I Ching hexagrams
|鼎 • (jeong) · 鼎 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : đỉnh • Hán-Nôm : đảnh • Hán-Nôm : đửng • Hán-Nôm : đững • Hán-Nôm : đựng
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|
|鼎
|紮 (eum 찰 (chal))
|-
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|鼠
|Characters in the same phonetic series (鼠) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a mouse or rat. In the seal script form, which is inherited in the regular script, the upper component resembling 臼 (jiù) represents the open mouth of a rat with teeth displayed, and the lower component represents the two feet of a rat on the left and a tail on the right. \ Unclear. Schuessler (2007) reconstructs the Minimal Old Chinese as *nhaʔ (homophonous to 癙 (OC *nhaʔ) "painful, suffering", which is in the same phonetic series and may be related to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *na-n/t (“ill, pain, sore, ache, difficult, evil spirit”)) and compares to the following: \ * Nyah Kur [script needed] (hnáaʔ, “small squirrel; tree shrew”); \ * Proto-Mon-Khmer *kn₁(i)ʔ (“rat; mouse”): Old Mon kni' > Mon ဂၞိ (nɔeˀ), Proto-Bahnaric *knɛː; \ * Proto-Kam-Sui *hnu³ (“rat”): Southern Kam not, Sui hnoc. \ STEDT, on the other hand, compares 鼠 (OC *hljaʔ) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-jəw-n (“rat; rabbit; hare”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sí • Middle-Chinese : syoX
|rat; mouse; any member of the superfamily Muroidea, rodent • Rat (first of the Chinese zodiac signs) • (traditional Chinese medicine) scrofula; scrofulous • (Cantonese) to sneak; to go stealthily
| ‖ 鼠(ねずみ) or 鼠(ネズミ) • (nezumi) ‖ 鼠(ねず) • (nezu) ‖ 鼠(ね) • (ne)
|mouse, rat, other similar rodent ‖ a mouse or a rat • general term for members of superfamily Muroidea, including mice, rats, voles, hamsters, gerbils, and other similar rodents • short for 鼠色 (nezumi iro): the colour grey, sometimes more specifically a dark grey colour ‖ a mouse, a rat ‖ a mouse, a rat
|
|
|hanja form of 서 (“mouse; rat”)
|Hán-Nôm : thử • Hán-Nôm : thửu
|
|
|鼠
|紮
|-
|-
|齊
|紼
|Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogram (指事) : a field of grain, hence of uniform height. \ Either related to Mizo čelʔᴸ (“equal, to endure”) or, more phonologically likely, Tibetan ཚིར (tshir, “queue, order, succession”) as Tibetan /tsʰir/'s final /-r/ can explain the Middle Chinese retroflex initial of 儕 (OC *zriːl), which is derived from 齊 (OC *zliːl). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogram (指事) : a field of grain, hence of uniform height. \ Either related to Mizo čelʔᴸ (“equal, to endure”) or, more phonologically likely, Tibetan ཚིར (tshir, “queue, order, succession”) as Tibetan /tsʰir/'s final /-r/ can explain the Middle Chinese retroflex initial of 儕 (OC *zriːl), which is derived from 齊 (OC *zliːl). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogram (指事) : a field of grain, hence of uniform height. \ Either related to Mizo čelʔᴸ (“equal, to endure”) or, more phonologically likely, Tibetan ཚིར (tshir, “queue, order, succession”) as Tibetan /tsʰir/'s final /-r/ can explain the Middle Chinese retroflex initial of 儕 (OC *zriːl), which is derived from 齊 (OC *zliːl). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogram (指事) : a field of grain, hence of uniform height. \ Either related to Mizo čelʔᴸ (“equal, to endure”) or, more phonologically likely, Tibetan ཚིར (tshir, “queue, order, succession”) as Tibetan /tsʰir/'s final /-r/ can explain the Middle Chinese retroflex initial of 儕 (OC *zriːl), which is derived from 齊 (OC *zliːl). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogram (指事) : a field of grain, hence of uniform height. \ Either related to Mizo čelʔᴸ (“equal, to endure”) or, more phonologically likely, Tibetan ཚིར (tshir, “queue, order, succession”) as Tibetan /tsʰir/'s final /-r/ can explain the Middle Chinese retroflex initial of 儕 (OC *zriːl), which is derived from 齊 (OC *zliːl). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogram (指事) : a field of grain, hence of uniform height. \ Either related to Mizo čelʔᴸ (“equal, to endure”) or, more phonologically likely, Tibetan ཚིར (tshir, “queue, order, succession”) as Tibetan /tsʰir/'s final /-r/ can explain the Middle Chinese retroflex initial of 儕 (OC *zriːl), which is derived from 齊 (OC *zliːl). ‖
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tserê • Middle-Chinese : dzej ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Middle-Chinese : dzejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄞ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâu
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat¹ • Middle-Chinese : pjut
|even; uniform; of equal length • same; identical • complete • together; simultaneously • to be the same height as; to be level with • along a line • (～國) Qi, an ancient Chinese duchy, and later kingdom, during the Zhou dynasty • Southern Qi (479–502), the second of the Southern dynasties in China • Northern Qi (550–577), one of the Northern dynasties in China • (～日) (telegraphy) the eighth day of a month • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 躋／跻 (jī) • Alternative form of 齏／齑 (jī) ‖ Alternative form of 劑／剂 (jì) • alloy ‖ hem of a skirt, shirt tail • Alternative form of 粢 • Alternative form of 資／资 (zī) ‖ Alternative form of 齋／斋 (zhāi) • sacrificial offering • deferential ‖ Alternative form of 剪 (jiǎn) • Alternative form of 醮 (jiào) ‖ uniform; generally consistent • completely; entirely
|large rope (for pulling a coffin) • Alternative form of 紱／绂 (fú)
|
|
|large rope • rope attached to bier
|紼 (eum 불 (bul))
|동아줄 (dong'ajul, “rope”)
|
|
|齊 (eum 제 (je))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tày • Hán-Nôm : tề • Hán-Nôm : tè • Hán-Nôm : chai
|紼
|chữ Hán form of tề (“even, uniform”). • chữ Hán form of tề (“equal to”).
|齊
|-
|-
|齒
|絀
|Pictogram (象形) – a mouth full of teeth. 之 (zhī) or 止 (zhǐ) was later added on top as a phonetic component. \ Unclear. Not related to Tibetan མཆེ་བ (mche ba, “fang, tusk”), which is cognate with 齻／𱌺 (diān, “eyetooth”), but may be the same word as Proto-Min *kʰiᴮ (“tooth”). Another possibility is a derivation from an Austroasiatic etymon; Schuessler, 2007 (p.188) suggests a possible relationship to Khmer ខ្នាយ (khnaay, “tusk, spur”), as Austroasiatic medial /n/ is often deleted in loans.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : ci² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshí • Middle-Chinese : tsyhiX
|(anatomy) tooth • (figurative) tooth- or zigzag-like thing, such as a sawtooth, cogwheel, or fern • (figurative) age (of a person or animal) • to juxtapose; to put side by side • to utter; to mention • ^† to employ; to take in • (dialectal) to touch; to be in contact with • (Xiang) pay attention, to be concerned with
|
|
|tooth
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³ • Middle-Chinese : trwit
|齒 (eumhun 이 치 (i chi))
|insufficient • deep red • sew; stitch • Alternative form of 黜 (chù, “to dismiss”)
|hanja form of 치 (“tooth”)
|
|canonical : 齒: Hán Việt readings: xỉ 齒: Nôm readings: xỉ • canonical : xỉa • canonical : xẻ
|sew • stitch • insufficient
|chữ Hán form of xỉ (“teeth”).
|絀 • (chul) · 絀 • (chul) (hangeul 출, revised chul, McCune–Reischauer ch'ul, Yale chwul)
|齒
|decline, refuse • sew
|-
|
|龍
|
|Characters in the same phonetic series (龍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – originally a serpent with prominent whiskered mouth and eyes. \ Current form developed in large seal script, with serpent’s body on right (tail at upper right, legs on right), whiskered/fanged mouth at lower left, and eyes/crown at upper left. Left side was subsequently simplified and abstracted, with some influence of 立 and ⺼/月. Note that 竜 existed as a traditional variant dating back to large seal script, and figures a dragon seen face-on, rather than curled around. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-bru(ŋ/k) (“dragon; thunder”). Cognate with Tibetan འབྲུག ('brug, “dragon; thunder”). The STEDT database also lists 隆 (OC *ɡ·ruːŋ, “thunder; sound of thunder”) and 雹 (OC *bruːɡ, “hail”) as cognates. Also compare 靐 (OC *brɯŋs, “sound of thunder”) and 霹靂 (OC *pʰeːɡ reːɡ, “thunder”). \ This word is found in many languages of the region. Compare Proto-Hmong-Mien *-roŋ (“dragon”) (White Hmong zaj), Proto-Vietic *-roːŋ (“dragon”) (Vietnamese rồng), Vietnamese thuồng luồng (“serpent-like monster”), Khmer រោង (roong, “year of the dragon”), Thai มะโรง (má-roong, “dragon; year of the dragon”), Lao ມະໂລງ (ma lōng, “year of the dragon”), perhaps also Old Turkic [script needed]|[Term?] (*-lan, suffix denoting a wild, predatory animal) (Turkish aslan (“lion”), kaplan (“tiger”), yılan (“snake”)).
|絀
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nguí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liông • Middle-Chinese : ljowng
|-
|(mythology) Chinese dragon (Classifier: 條／条 m c h; 尾 mn) • (mythology) Western dragon • (figurative) emperor; sovereign; king; of the emperor • (figurative) chief; hero; towering figure • (by extension) dragon-shaped object; long object • (by extension) dragon-adorned object • (zoology, paleontology) extinct reptilian creature; -saur • (Eastern Min) to become clear-minded; to be revitalised • (Cantonese, soccer and other sports) goal (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (Cantonese, soccer and other sports) goalkeeper (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (figurative) queue; line (Classifier: 條／条 c) • (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) money • (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) snake meat • (Shanghainese, slang) a hundred of a currency designation • a surname
|絆
| ‖ 龍(りゅう) • (ryū) ‖ 龍(りゅう) • (ryū) ‖ 龍(りゅう) • (Ryū) ‖ 龍(りょう) • (ryō) ‖ 龍(りょう) • (ryō) ‖ 龍(たつ) • (tatsu)
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paːns) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 半 (OC *paːns).
| ‖ Kyūjitai form of 竜: a Chinese dragon • Kyūjitai form of 竜: Synonym of ドラゴン (doragon): a Western dragon • Kyūjitai form of 竜: (shogi, colloquial) Short for 龍王 (ryūō): dragon king; promoted rook • a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with a Chinese dragon design ‖ Kyūjitai form of 竜: dragon • Kyūjitai form of 竜: hero • Kyūjitai form of 竜: imperial • Kyūjitai form of 竜: dinosaur ‖ (astronomy) Short for りゅう座 (Ryūza): the constellation Draco • a male given name • a surname ‖ Kyūjitai form of 竜: (rare or in Chinese contexts) a Chinese dragon ‖ Kyūjitai form of 竜: dragon • Kyūjitai form of 竜: hero • Kyūjitai form of 竜: imperial ‖ Kyūjitai form of 竜: (mythology) a Japanese dragon
|Cantonese · Jyutping : bun⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bun³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puǎnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puānn • Middle-Chinese : panH
|龍 (eumhun 미르 룡 (mireu ryong), word-initial (South Korea) 미르 용 (mireu yong))
|fetter; shackle • to fetter; to shackle • to trip; to stumble • to hinder; to restrain • (figuratively) trap • (Eastern Min) to be annoying
|hanja form of 룡/용 (“dragon”)
| ‖ 絆(きずな) or 絆(キズナ) • (kizuna) ^(←きづな (kiduna)?) ‖ 絆(きずな) • (Kizuna) ^(←きづな (kiduna)?) ‖ 絆(ほだし) • (hodashi) ‖ 絆(ふもだし) • (fumodashi)
|canonical : 龍: Hán Việt readings: long 龍: Nôm readings: long • canonical : lung • canonical : lỏng • canonical : lúng • canonical : luông • canonical : luồng
|ties, bonds • fetters ‖ a bond (emotional link or connection), tie • a rope used to bind a horse, for example, as not to get away; a fetter ‖ a female given name ‖ what binds human mind and behavior from freedom; an obstacle to freedom • a rope used to bind a horse, for example, as not to get away • fetters, shackles ‖ a rope used to bind a horse's foot, as not to get away; a fetter
|Chữ Hán form of long (“dragon”). • Chữ Hán form of Long (“a male given name”).
|絆 (eumhun 얽어맬 반 (eolgeomael ban))
|龍
|hanja form of 반 (“bond”)
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|
|絆
|-
|絢
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hyun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiàn • Middle-Chinese : xwenH
|brilliant; gorgeous; effulgent • to shine • to embellish; to adorn • to dazzle
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|
|絢 • (hyeon) · 絢 • (hyeon) (hangeul 현, revised hyeon, McCune–Reischauer hyŏn, Yale hyen)
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|
|
|絢
|-
|絨
|; “ronto-”
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiông • Middle-Chinese : nyuwng
|silk, cotton, or woolen fabric • velvet • (Taiwan) ronto- (SI unit prefix)
|
|wool cloth
|絨 • (yung) · 絨 • (yung) (hangeul 융, revised yung, McCune–Reischauer yung, Yale yung)
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|
|絨
|-
|綁
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : páng
|to bind; to tie; to fasten
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|綁
|-
|-
|龜
|綏
|Characters in the same phonetic series (龜) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) : A drawing of a turtle seen from the side and from above (Bronze inscriptions). \ Austroasiatic. Compare Mon ဂွိ (gwi, “soft-shell turtle”), Nyah Kur ทะวี่ʔ (tha wìiʼ, “soft-shell turtle”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ ‖
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *snul) : semantic 糹 (“silk”) + phonetic 妥 (OC *n̥ʰoːlʔ, “to comfort”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ku • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kui • Middle-Chinese : kwij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau¹ • Middle-Chinese : kjuw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kun
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sui • Middle-Chinese : swij
|turtle; tortoise (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • (figurative) cuckold • (Cantonese, humorous) signature (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) police ‖ Only used in 龜茲／龟兹 (Qiūcí). ‖ (of skin) to crack; to become chapped
|(literary) cord held when mounting a carriage • (literary) to pacify; to placate • (historical) Short for 綏遠／绥远 (Suíyuǎn, “Suiyuan province”).
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|
|綏 • (yu, su) · 綏 • (yu, su) (hangeul 유, 수, revised yu, su, McCune–Reischauer yu, su, Yale yu, swu)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tuy • Hán-Nôm : nối
|
|綏
|-
|綑
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰuːnʔ) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 困 (OC *kʰuːns).
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|綑
|-
|綜
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsuːŋs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 宗 (OC *ʔsuːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsuːŋs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 宗 (OC *ʔsuːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Middle-Chinese : tsowngH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˋ • Middle-Chinese : tsowngH
|to put together; to assemble; to gather • to synthesize; to sum up • to manage; to administer • to be proficient in • Classifier for threads or hairs: strand • to become crumpled; to crease ‖ heddle (on a loom)
|
|rule • synthesize
|綜 • (jong) · 綜 • (jong) (hangeul 종, revised jong, McCune–Reischauer chong, Yale cong)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tổng • Hán-Nôm : tống
|
|綜
|-
|綞
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : do² • Middle-Chinese : twaX
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|綞
|-
|綢
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰuːw, *dɯw) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 周 (OC *tjɯw).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiû • Middle-Chinese : thaw • Middle-Chinese : drjuw
|silk cloth; satin damask • to bind; to wind around; to wrap around
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|
|綢 • (ju, jo, do) · 綢 • (ju, jo, do) (hangeul 주, 조, 도)
|
|Hán-Nôm : trù • Hán-Nôm : điều
|
|綢
|-
|綰
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁵ • Middle-Chinese : 'waenX • Middle-Chinese : 'waenH
|to tie; to knot; to bind together, to coil up • ^† to control
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|
|綰 • (gwan) · 綰 • (gwan) (hangeul 관, revised gwan, McCune–Reischauer kwan, Yale kwan)
|
|Hán-Nôm : oản • Hán-Nôm : quán
|
|綰
|-
|綴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tods, *tod) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 叕 (OC *tod) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tods, *tod) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 叕 (OC *tod) ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuè • Middle-Chinese : trjwejH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuè ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ • Middle-Chinese : trjwet
|to stitch up • to connect; to join • to decorate ‖ (Southern Min) to follow • (Southern Min) to imitate ‖ Alternative form of 輟／辍 (“to stop”)
|
|to spell • compose • bind (books) • write
|綴 (eumhun 엮을 철 (yeokkeul cheol))
|hanja form of 철 (“to connect; to join”) • hanja form of 철 (“to spell”)
|Hán-Nôm : chuỗi • Hán-Nôm : chuế • Hán-Nôm : xuyết
|
|綴
|-
|綵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰɯːʔ) : semantic 糸 (“silk; thread”) + phonetic 采 (OC *sʰɯːʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coi² • Middle-Chinese : tshojX
|varicolored silk • variegated color or decorative pattern • Alternative form of 彩 (cǎi)
|
|colorful
|綵 • (chae) · 綵 • (chae) (hangeul 채, revised chae, McCune–Reischauer ch'ae, Yale chay)
|
|romanization : thải • romanization : giẻ • romanization : thái
|
|綵
|-
|綸
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kruːn, *ɡ·run) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 侖 (OC *run). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kruːn, *ɡ·run) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 侖 (OC *run).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Middle-Chinese : lwin ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaan¹ • Middle-Chinese : kwean
|cyan ribbon • fishing line • thick rope • emperor's order • silk thread • to govern • wide • a place in Henan • Alternative term for 倫／伦 (lún). • a surname ‖ a kind of marine plant • see 綸巾／纶巾 (guānjīn)
|
|twine • fishing line
|綸 • (ryun>yun, gwan) · 綸 • (ryun>yun, gwan) (hangeul 륜>윤, 관, revised ryun>yun, gwan, McCune–Reischauer ryun>yun, kwan, Yale lyun>yun, kwan)
|
|
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|綸
|-
|綺
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰralʔ) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 奇 (OC *kral, *ɡral)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji² • Middle-Chinese : khjeX
|woven silk • beautiful, gorgeous
|
|
|綺 • (gi) · 綺 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|
|Hán-Nôm : khỉ • Hán-Nôm : ỷ • Hán-Nôm : khởi
|
|綺
|-
|綽
| ‖  
| ‖  
|Kyūjitai form of 亀 ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiak • Middle-Chinese : tsyhak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ
|龜 (eumhun 거북 귀 (geobuk gwi)) ‖ 龜 (eumhun 땅 이름 구 (ttang ireum gu)) ‖ 龜 (eumhun 터질 균 (teojil gyun))
|(literary) ample; spacious ‖ to grab
|hanja form of 귀 (“tortoise; turtle”) ‖ hanja form of 구 (“used in placenames”) ‖ hanja form of 균 (“crack”)
|
|Hán-Nôm : qui • Hán-Nôm : quân • Hán-Nôm : quy
|
|chữ Hán form of quy (“turtle”).
|綽 • (jak) · 綽 • (jak) (hangeul 작, revised jak, McCune–Reischauer chak, Yale cak)
|龜
|
|Hán-Nôm : xước
|
|綽
|-
|綾
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯŋ) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : ling
|a thin type of silk fabric resembling satin; damask
|
|
|綾 • (reung>neung) · 綾 • (reung>neung) (hangeul 릉>능, revised reung>neung, McCune–Reischauer rŭng>nŭng, Yale lung>nung)
|
|Hán-Nôm : trăng
|
|綾
|-
|緇
|緇 (OC *tsrə) "black < color of burnt soil?", possibly same word as 菑 (OC *tsrə) "field cleared by slash and burn" (Schuessler, 2007). See there for etymology.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsri
|(literary) to blacken • (literary) black
|
|
|緇 • (chi) · 緇 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi)
|
|
|
|緇
|-
|緘
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaam¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin¹ • Middle-Chinese : keam
|seal
| ‖ 緘(かん) • (kan) ‖ 緘(かん) • (kan)
| ‖ shut; close; seal ‖ seam; seal (of an envelope) • writing on the seal of an envelope
|緘 • (ham) · 緘 • (ham) (hangeul 함)
|seal, close • bind • letter
|
|
|緘
|-
|緝
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰib) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 咠 (OC *ʔsib, *sʰib). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰib) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 咠 (OC *ʔsib, *sʰib).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cap¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsip • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsi̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tship • Middle-Chinese : tship ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ
|to seize; to arrest; to chase after; to pursue (someone) • to weave hempen thread • to hem clothing ‖ to sew in close stitches
|
|
|緝 • (jip, jeup) · 緝 • (jip, jeup) (hangeul 집, 즙, revised jip, jeup, McCune–Reischauer chip, chŭp, Yale cip, cup)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tập
|
|緝
|-
|緞
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dyun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuān • Middle-Chinese : dwanX
|satin
|
|
|緞 • (dan, ha) · 緞 • (dan, ha) (hangeul 단, 하, revised dan, ha, McCune–Reischauer tan, ha, Yale tan, ha)
|
|Hán-Nôm : đoạn
|
|緞
|-
|緬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *menʔ) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 面 (OC *mens).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biǎn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biān • Middle-Chinese : mjienX
|distant, remote • Short for 緬甸／缅甸 (Miǎndiàn, “Myanmar, Burma”).
|
|fine thread • Abbreviation of 緬甸 (Menden, Biruma): Burma (Myanmar)
|緬 • (myeon) · 緬 • (myeon) (hangeul 면)
|
|Hán-Nôm : miễn • Hán-Nôm : mén • Hán-Nôm : diến • Hán-Nôm : miến • Hán-Nôm : rịn
|
|緬
|-
|縈
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Middle-Chinese : 'jwieng
|(literary) to entangle; to wind around
|
|entangle • entwine, coil
|縈 • (yeong) · 縈 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng, Yale yeng)
|entangle • entwine, coil
|
|
|縈
|-
|縑
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gim¹ • Middle-Chinese : kem
|
|
|
|縑 • (gyeom) · 縑 • (gyeom) (hangeul 겸, revised gyeom, McCune–Reischauer kyŏm, Yale kyem)
|
|
|
|縑
|-
|縲
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luî
|
|
|
|縲 • (ryu>yu) · 縲 • (ryu>yu) (hangeul 류>유, revised ryu>yu, McCune–Reischauer ryu>yu, Yale lyu>yu)
|
|
|
|縲
|-
|縷
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí • Middle-Chinese : ljuX
|thread • detailed, precise • Classifier for wisps, threads, or strands.
|
|thread
|縷 • (ru>nu) · 縷 • (ru>nu) (hangeul 루>누, revised ru>nu, McCune–Reischauer ru>nu, Yale lwu>nwu)
|
|Hán-Nôm : lũ • Hán-Nôm : lụa • Hán-Nôm : lú • Hán-Nôm : lẫu
|silk thread (see lụa) • silky (see lụa)
|縷
|-
|繃
| ‖  ‖  ‖ Some compounds are attested at least since Ming dynasty. May be related to 綁／绑 (bǎng) (in 緊綁綁／紧绑绑) used in Yuan era plays. \ Mandarin dialects generally use reduplicated 邦 (bāng) instead (e.g. in 硬邦邦 (yìngbāngbāng)), also spelled 梆 (bāng) or 幫／帮 (bāng). See also Hokkien 迸 (piàng) (in 硬迸迸 (ngē-piàng-piàng), 緊迸迸／紧迸迸 (kín-piàng-piàng), etc.). \ ;very; terribly
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : penn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : png • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ping • Middle-Chinese : peang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maang¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baang⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bang¹
|to stretch; to draw firmly; to strap • to brace; to taut • (of an object) to spring up; to bounce • (literary, or in compounds, crafts) embroidery frame • (literary, or in compounds) bed frame • sling, piece of cloth used to carry a baby on one's back • (dialectal) to swindle; to cheat • (Internet slang) Short for 繃不住／绷不住 (bēngbùzhù, “to burst out laughing”). ‖ to strain one's muscles • to pull one's face • (Cantonese) to stretch, to set up (a mosquito net, a banner, etc) • (Cantonese) Alternative form of 掹 (“to pull”) ‖ (chiefly Beijing and Southwestern Mandarin, Jin) to split open; to crack; alternative form of 迸 (bèng) ‖ (chiefly Wu, Cantonese, dialectal Mandarin, in reduplication) intensifier used in ideophones • (Wu, Xiang, dialectal Mandarin) very; terribly
|
|
|繃 • (bung) · 繃 • (bung) (hangeul 붕, revised bung, McCune–Reischauer pung, Yale pung)
|
|Hán-Nôm : banh • Hán-Nôm : băng • Hán-Nôm : bắng
|
|繃
|-
|繅
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sou¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˇ • Middle-Chinese : tsawX
|to reel silk from the cocoon ‖ Alternative form of 璪 (zǎo, “silk pendant strung with jade and hung from a crown as an ornament”)
|
|draw • reel silk from cocoons • elegant compositions
|繅 • (so) · 繅 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
|draw • reel silk from cocoons • elegant compositions
|
|
|繅
|-
|繆
| ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : mjuw • Middle-Chinese : mjiw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mau⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mjiwH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : miu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mau⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : muk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mjuwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ
|ten bundles of hemp • a type of silk • Used in 綢繆／绸缪 (chóumóu). ‖ to deceive; to feign • (obsolete) different • (alt. form 謬／谬) error; mistake • (alt. form 謬／谬) erroneous; mistaken ‖ a surname ‖ to interlock • thin • Alternative form of 糾／纠 • Alternative form of 摎 ‖ Alternative form of 穆 (mù, “reverent; solemn”) • Alternative form of 穆 (mù, “right side position of ancestral tablets in ancestral shrines”) ‖ Alternative form of 繚／缭 (liáo, “to wind around; to entwine”) ‖ Only used in 繆繆／缪缪. ‖ Only used in 蜩繆／蜩缪. ‖ (alt. form 戮, 勠) to join forces
|
|error • wrap around
|繆 • (mu, yu) · 繆 • (mu, yu) (hangeul 무, 유, revised mu, yu, McCune–Reischauer mu, yu, Yale mu, yu)
|
|
|
|繆
|-
|繚
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liāu • Middle-Chinese : lew • Middle-Chinese : lewX • Middle-Chinese : ljewX
|to entwine; to wind around • to sew with slanting stitches
|
|twist about • circulate • entangle
|繚 • (ryo>yo) · 繚 • (ryo>yo) (hangeul 료>요, revised ryo>yo, McCune–Reischauer ryo>yo, Yale lyo>yo)
|
|Hán-Nôm : lèo
|
|繚
|-
|繞
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋjewʔ, *ŋjaws) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋjewʔ, *ŋjaws) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋjewʔ, *ŋjaws) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiáu • Middle-Chinese : nyewH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiáu • Middle-Chinese : nyewH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˇ • Middle-Chinese : nyewX
|to entwine; to wind around; to coil • to confuse ‖ to surround; to encircle • to bypass; to make a detour; to go around ‖ curved; winding • a surname: Rao
| ‖ 繞(にょう) • (nyō) ^(←ねう (neu)?)
|surround • return ‖ Chinese character radical that covers the left and bottom of a Chinese character
|繞 • (yo) · 繞 • (yo) (hangeul 요)
|
|
|
|繞
|-
|繡
|Earliest seen in Warring States Period texts. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɯwɢs) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 肅 (OC *sɯwɢ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siù • Middle-Chinese : sjuwH
|to embroider • with rich and bright colors • gorgeous • embroidered clothing
| ‖
| ‖
|繡 (eumhun 수놓을 수 (suno'eul su))
|hanja form of 수 (“embroider”) • hanja form of 수 (“gorgeous”)
|Hán-Nôm : tú
|
|繡
|-
|繩
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦbljɯŋ) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 黽 (OC *mlenʔ, *mliŋʔ, *mreːŋʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bliŋ (“string; thread; cord”); compare Japhug tɯmbri (“rope”), Burmese အမျှင် (a.hmyang, “string”), Tangut 𘘫 (*bji², “rope”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Jacques, 2014; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sîng • Middle-Chinese : zying ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄣˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˋ
|string; rope (Classifier: 條／条 m c) • (literary) to restrict; to restrain • a surname ‖ Only used in 繩繩／绳绳. ‖
|
|rope, line
|繩 (eumhun 노끈 승 (nokkeun seung))
|hanja form of 승 (“rope; string; cord”) • hanja form of 승 (“measure; restrain”)
|Hán-Nôm : thằng • Hán-Nôm : thừng • Hán-Nôm : xằng
|
|繩
|-
|繪
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːbs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 會 (OC *koːbs, *ɡoːbs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːbs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 會 (OC *koːbs, *ɡoːbs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huē • Middle-Chinese : hwajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ
|(literary, or in compounds) to draw; to sketch; to paint • (literary, or in compounds) to describe; to portray; to depict • (literary) embroidery with five colors ‖ ^‡ to tie one's hair with various colors
|
|picture, drawing, sketch, image.
|繪 (eumhun 그림 회 (geurim hoe))
|hanja form of 회 (“picture; drawing; sketch; image; painting”) [affix]
|Hán-Nôm : hội • Hán-Nôm : gói • Hán-Nôm : cởi
|
|繪
|-
|繹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laːɡ) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 睪 (OC *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː). \ Same word as 驛 (OC *laːɡ, “posthorse; relay station”), 譯 (OC *laːɡ, “to translate”), 懌 (OC *laːɡ, “relaxed; pleased”), 斁 (OC *laːɡ, “to be tired of”) (Schuessler, 2007). Also related to 釋 (OC *hljaɡ, “to set free; to explain”), 赦 (OC *hljaɡs, “to let go; to pardon”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Middle-Chinese : yek
|to unravel; to draw out • to interpret; to explain • to continue
|
|pull out
|繹 (eum 역 (yeok))
|
|Hán-Nôm : gịt • Hán-Nôm : dịch • Hán-Nôm : dịt
|
|繹
|-
|繽
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰin) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 賓 (OC *mpin).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phin • Middle-Chinese : phjin
|Used in 繽紛／缤纷 (bīnfēn).
|
|
|繽 • (bin) · 繽 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin)
|
|
|
|繽
|-
|纂
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuàn • Middle-Chinese : tswanX
|to edit; to compile • topknot; chignon • Alternative form of 纘／缵 (zuǎn, “to inherit; to continue”)
|
|
|纂 • (chan) · 纂 • (chan) (hangeul 찬, revised chan, McCune–Reischauer ch'an, Yale chan)
|
|Hán-Nôm : toản
|
|纂
|-
|纏
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dan, *dans) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 廛 (OC *dan). \ Cognate with Tibetan སྟར (star, “to tie fast”) (Schuessler, 2007, Hill, 2019).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : cin⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiân • Middle-Chinese : drjen • Middle-Chinese : drjenH
|to wind; to tie; to bind • to pester; to harass • (dialectal) to deal with
|
|
|纏 • (jeon) · 纏 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|
|Hán-Nôm : triền • Hán-Nôm : dờn
|
|纏
|-
|纓
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qeŋ) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 嬰 (OC *qeŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iann • Middle-Chinese : 'jieng
|tassel • tassel-like object • ribbon • rope • to twine • to suffer from
|
|crown string • breast harness
|纓 • (yeong) · 纓 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng, Yale yeng)
|
|Hán-Nôm : anh
|
|纓
|-
|纖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sem) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 韱 (OC *sem). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sem) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 韱 (OC *sem).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiam • Middle-Chinese : sjem ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ
|finely-woven silk • fine; delicate • minute • graceful; slender • stingy; frugal • fiber • (Buddhism) the number 10⁻⁷ ‖ ^† to stab; to prick • ^† sharp; pointed • ^† Alternative form of 籤／签 (qiān, “bamboo slips”)
|
|
|纖 • (seom) · 纖 • (seom) (hangeul 섬, revised seom, McCune–Reischauer sŏm, Yale sem)
|
|romanization : tiêm • romanization : tươm • romanization : thin • romanization : thên
|
|纖
|-
|纜
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːms) : semantic 糹 (“silk”) + phonetic 覽 (OC *ɡ·raːmʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lám • Middle-Chinese : lomX • Middle-Chinese : lamH
|(literary) hawser; heavy rope for mooring boats • cable; thick rope with many strands (Classifier: 條／条 c) • to moor; to tie; to fasten • (Cantonese) to wear something that requires wrapping • (Cantonese) betting slips for illegal bookmaking • (gambling, originally Cantonese) martingale (gambling strategy) (Classifier: 條／条 c)
|
|
|纜 • (ram>nam) · 纜 • (ram>nam) (hangeul 람>남, revised ram>nam, McCune–Reischauer ram>nam, Yale lam>nam)
|
|
|
|纜
|-
|缽
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *poːd) : semantic 缶 (“pot”) + phonetic 本 (OC *pɯːnʔ). Originally written as 鉢 (OC *poːd) or 盋 (OC *poːd). \ Short for 缽多羅／钵多罗 (bōduōluó), from Sanskrit पात्र (pātra, “(drinking) vessel; bowl; cup; plate; etc.”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puat • Middle-Chinese : pat
|(Buddhism) monk's alms bowl • bowl; basin; pot (often made of earthenware or metal)
|
|earthenware basin • alms bowl
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bát
|bowl
|缽
|-
|罄
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰeːŋs) : phonetic 殸 (OC *kʰreːŋ, *kʰeːŋs) + semantic 缶 (“pottery”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hing³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khìng • Middle-Chinese : khengH
|empty • exhaust, run out, use up
|
|exhaust • run out • use up • empty
|罄 • (gyeong) · 罄 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
|empty • exhaust • a kind of Chinese musical instrument made of stone or jade
|Hán-Nôm : khánh
|
|罄
|-
|罈
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâm
|earthenware jar; jug
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đàn
|
|罈
|-
|罟
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Middle-Chinese : kuX
|net (especially for catching fish or birds) • to catch (with a net)
|
|
|罟 • (go) · 罟 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|
|
|
|罟
|-
|罹
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 网 (“net”) + 忄 (“heart”) + 隹 (“bird”). \ The senses represented by this character were often written with the character 離 (OC *rel) in ancient times.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : lje
|to experience; to suffer; to be hit with • to suffer (from a disease) • suffering; misery
|
|
|罹 (eumhun 걸릴 리 (geollil ri), word-initial (South Korea) 걸릴 이 (geollil i))
|hanja form of 리/이 (“to experience; to suffer; to be hit with”)
|
|
|罹
|-
|羈
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kua • Middle-Chinese : kje
|bridle; halter • to restrain; to hold; to control • to stay; to remain; to lodge
|
|
|羈 • (gi) · 羈 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|
|Hán-Nôm : kí
|
|羈
|-
|羌
|Unclear. \ Pulleyblank (1983) suggests a derivation from 羊 (OC *laŋ). \ Schuessler (2007) prefers to relate it to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-klawŋ (“to guard; to herd; to tend (cattle); to graze; to be at leisure”), whence Tibetan སྐྱོང (skyong, “to guard; to nurture; to keep; to care for”), Asho Chin klóng (“to herd; to graze”), Burmese ကျောင်း (kyaung:, “to feed; to tend (cattle)”); then 羌 means "herders". Compare 養 (OC *laŋʔ, *laŋs, “to raise; to nourish”). \ Beckwith (2009) proposes a possible Indo-European origin; compare Tocharian B klank- (“to ride; to go by chariot”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiong • Middle-Chinese : khjang
|(～族, ～人) Qiang people • Name of a historical tribe in ancient China. • muntjac (species of deer) • (obsolete) Meaningless sentence-initial particle, often used in the Chuci. • a surname
|
|
|羌 • (gang) · 羌 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)
|
|Hán-Nôm : cưng • Hán-Nôm : gừng • Hán-Nôm : khương
|
|羌
|-
|羯
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kad) : semantic 羊 (“sheep; goat”) + phonetic 曷 (OC *ɡaːd). \ ; “wether” \ : Alternatively, Wang (1982) relates this word to 割 (OC *kaːd, “to cut”). \ ; “Jie people”
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : git³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiat • Middle-Chinese : kjot
|castrated buck caprid; wether • Jie people (a small, extinct tribe that once lived in North China)
|
|barbarian • (more specifically) the Jie people, a certain tribe that lived to the north of China in antiquity (see Chinese 羯 (jié) for details)
|羯 • (gal) · 羯 • (gal) (hangeul 갈, revised gal, McCune–Reischauer kal, Yale kal)
|
|Hán-Nôm : yết • Hán-Nôm : khiết
|
|羯
|-
|羲
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hŋral) : semantic 兮 + phonetic 義 (OC *ŋrals).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi • Middle-Chinese : xje
|Used in personal names. • Short for 伏羲 (Fúxī). • Short for 羲和 (xīhé). • ^† breath; vapor; gas • Alternative form of 曦 (xī) • Short for 王羲之 (Wáng Xīzhī). • a surname
|
|Used in personal names.
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hi
|
|羲
|-
|羶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljan) : semantic 羊 + phonetic 亶 (OC *taːnʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Middle-Chinese : syen
|rank odor (especially of sheep and goat)
|
|
|羶 • (jeon) · 羶 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|
|
|
|羶
|-
|羸
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ljwe
|(literary) in a weak or exhausted state
|
|to grow haggard; to get thin • weak; frail
|羸 (eumhun 파리할 리 (parihal ri), word-initial (South Korea) 파리할 이 (parihal i))
|
|
|
|羸
|-
|羿
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋeːs) : semantic 羽 + phonetic 幵 (OC *kŋeːn).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ngejH
|(historical) the name of a legendary archer (also called 后羿) • a surname
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nghệ
|
|羿
|-
|翎
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːŋ) : phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs) + semantic 羽 (“feather”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : leng
|long, stiff feather on the wings or tail of a bird; (by extension) bird's feather • wing (of an insect) • arrow feather • (historical) feather on an official's hat (used for decoration and displaying his rank)
|
|
|翎 • (ryeong>yeong) · 翎 • (ryeong>yeong) (hangeul 령>영, revised ryeong>yeong, McCune–Reischauer ryŏng>yŏng, Yale lyeng>yeng)
|
|Hán-Nôm : linh
|
|翎
|-
|翕
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰrub) : phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb) + semantic 羽 (“wings”) ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : jap¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hip • Middle-Chinese : xip ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : hip
|friendly; compliant • 58th tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝌿) • (Sichuanese) to crack ‖ to smother; to be suffocated • to take a picture
|
|
|翕 • (heup) · 翕 • (heup) (hangeul 흡, revised heup, McCune–Reischauer hŭp, Yale hup)
|
|Hán-Nôm : hấp
|
|翕
|-
|翟
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 羽 (“feather”) + 隹 (“bird”). \ Schuessler (2007) suggests that the name of the long-tailed pheasant is related to 濯 (OC *d-liauk, “clean, brilliant, glossy; to moisten, to wash”) and its exopassive 濯 (OC *d-liaukh, “to wash clothes”) owing to the birds' shiny feathers. See there for further etymology. \ STEDT derives this from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rik ~ *s-rjak (“pheasant, partridge”). \ Goldin (2011) proposes that 翟 (dí) and 狄 (dí, “northern foreigners”) are related, 狄 (dí) being a "pseudo-ethnonym" meaning "feathered". ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k • Middle-Chinese : dek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thi̍k • Middle-Chinese : draek
|(archaic) a long-tailed species of pheasant • (historical) pheasant plumes used in dances • (obsolete) things decorated with pheasant plumes • Alternative form of 狄 ‖ a surname
|
|kind of pheasant
|翟 • (jeok, chaek) · 翟 • (jeok, chaek) (hangeul 적, 책, revised jeok, chaek, McCune–Reischauer chŏk, ch'aek, Yale cek, chayk)
|pheasant
|Hán-Nôm : địch
|
|翟
|-
|翡
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei² • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huí • Middle-Chinese : bj+jH
|a kind of red kingfisher • Used in 翡翠 (fěicuì, “kingfisher; jadeite”).
|
|
|翡 • (bi) · 翡 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|
|Hán-Nôm : phỉ
|
|翡
|-
|翱
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kô • Middle-Chinese : ngaw
|to spread wings and fly
|
|
|翱 • (go) · 翱 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|
|
|
|翱
|-
|翳
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qiː, *qiːs) : phonetic 殹 (OC *qiːs) + semantic 羽.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : è • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ì • Middle-Chinese : 'ej • Middle-Chinese : 'ejH
|(literary) shade; screen • nebula • (literary) to hide; to conceal • (literary) to shade; to screen • (literary) feather cover of vehicle • (Mainland China Hokkien) gloomy clouds
| ‖ 翳(えい) • (ei) ‖ 翳(えい) • (ei)
|to hide; to conceal • to shade • shadow ‖ shade; shadow (interchangeable with 影 (ei)) ‖
|翳 (eum 예 (ye))
|
|Hán-Nôm : ế
|
|翳
|-
|翹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡew, *ɡews) : phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw) + semantic 羽 (“feather”). \ Schuessler (2007) considers this to be probably unrelated to the word family of 喬 (OC *krew, “tall”) and instead proposes cognacy with Proto-Northern Naga *gyaw (“high”). \ Sagart (2021b) connects this to Tibetan སྒྲོ (sgro, “large feather”), which he (Sagart, 2017b) has also connected to 喬 (OC *krew). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kiu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gjiew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kiu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiàu • Middle-Chinese : gjiewH
|long tail feathers of a bird; rectrix • bird's tail • animal's tail • to lift; to raise • to expose; to reveal; to uncover; to arouse • (colloquial, of wooden plank, paper, etc.) to become twisted; to be warped from water damage • outstanding; extraordinary • high; dangerous • lush; luxuriant • (historical) a kind of hair jewelry worn by ancient women, shaped like a bird's tail • Alternative form of 篪 (chí, “ancient musical instrument”) ‖ (colloquial) to stick up (one end of an object, such as a tail); to curl up; to turn upwards • (colloquial) to leave in stealth; to play truant; to wag (from school)
|
|excellence
|翹 • (gyo) · 翹 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
|
|canonical : 翹: Hán Việt readings: kiều 翹: Nôm readings: khiêu • canonical : kẻo
|
|翹
|-
|耆
|Compare with Burmese ကြီး (kri:, “great, big, old”). ‖ Compare with Burmese ကြီး (kri:, “great, big, old”). ‖ Compare with Burmese ကြီး (kri:, “great, big, old”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gjij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ
|man of sixty • aged; old; senior • tyrannical • to detest; to abhor ‖ to cause; to result in ‖ Original form of 嗜 (shì, “to be fond of”).
|
|senility
|耆 • (gi, chi) · 耆 • (gi, chi) (hangeul 기, 치, revised gi, chi, McCune–Reischauer ki, ch'i, Yale ki, chi)
|
|
|
|耆
|-
|耒
|Pictogram (象形) – a wooden (木) plow with originally three cross lines (彡) for the furrows of the plow, later simplified to two. ‖ Simplified from 來 (从 → 二).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luī • Middle-Chinese : lwijX • Middle-Chinese : lwojH ‖
|handle of plow • plow ‖
|
|
|耒 • (roe>noe) · 耒 • (roe>noe) (hangeul 뢰>뇌, revised roe>noe, McCune–Reischauer roe>noe, Yale loy>noy)
|
|Hán-Nôm : lỗi • Hán-Nôm : lồi • Hán-Nôm : doi • Hán-Nôm : lọi • Hán-Nôm : lội • Hán-Nôm : lòi • Hán-Nôm : rồi • Hán-Nôm : ròi • Hán-Nôm : lẫn • Hán-Nôm : rổi • Hán-Nôm : rỗi • Hán-Nôm : rủi
|
|耒
|-
|耜
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljɯʔ) : semantic 耒 (“plow”) + phonetic 㠯 ().
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁵ • Middle-Chinese : ziX
|(archaic) plowshare
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : trĩ • Hán-Nôm : tự
|
|耜
|-
|聱
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ngaew • Middle-Chinese : ngaw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˊ • Middle-Chinese : ngjiw
|not taking others' advice • uneven ‖ mixed; (of sounds) noisy (see the compounds)
|
|poor sentences • bent and twisted • too complicated
|聱 • (o) · 聱 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o)
|bent and twisted • too complicated
|
|
|聱
|-
|聳
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloŋʔ) : phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs) + semantic 耳.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshàng • Middle-Chinese : sjowngX
|deaf • urge on • rise up; raise up • erect • to reward • to scare; to frighten • lofty
|
|rise • tower
|聳 (eum 용 (yong))
|urge on • rise up • stir, excite • to raise up • lofty
|
|
|聳
|-
|聶
|Triplication of 耳 (“ear”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liap • Middle-Chinese : nrjep
|to whisper (into one's ear) • a surname
|
|
|聶 • (seop) · 聶 • (seop) (hangeul 섭, revised seop, McCune–Reischauer sŏp, Yale sep)
|
|Hán-Nôm : nhiếp • Hán-Nôm : niếp
|
|聶
|-
|聾
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːŋ) : phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ) + semantic 耳 (“ear”) – deaf. \ Perhaps related to 聳 (OC *sloŋʔ, “deaf”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Middle-Chinese : luwng
|deaf
|
|deafness • deaf
|聾 • (rong>nong) · 聾 • (rong>nong) (hangeul 롱>농, revised rong>nong, McCune–Reischauer rong>nong, Yale long>nong)
|
|
|
|聾
|-
|聿
|Pictogram (象形) or \ ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : hand (又) holding a brush.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyut⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leot⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : u̍t • Middle-Chinese : ywit
|Original form of 筆／笔 (bǐ, “writing brush; pencil”). • sentence-initial or sentence-medial introductory particle: then; and then; thereupon • (Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to scribble, scrawl, or daub in a hasty and careless way • a surname
|
|writing brush, pencil • thereupon
|聿 (eumhun 붓 율 (but yul))
|hanja form of 율 (“writing brush, paint brush”)
|Hán-Nôm : duật
|
|聿
|-
|肄
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Middle-Chinese : yijH
|practice; study
|
|
|肄 • (i) · 肄 • (i) (hangeul 이, revised i, McCune–Reischauer i, Yale i)
|
|
|
|肄
|-
|肓
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong¹ • Middle-Chinese : xwang
|(traditional Chinese medicine) the part of human body between the heart and the diaphragm, which was thought to be unreachable by medicament
|
|inaccessible region of the body (between the heart and the diaphragm)
|肓 • (hwang) · 肓 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
|
|
|
|肓
|-
|肫
| ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsywin ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣˊ
|(obsolete) cheek • stomach of birds; gizzard of birds • (literary) sincere ‖ Alternative form of 純／纯 ‖ Alternative form of 豚
|
|gizzard of fowl • honest • sincere
|肫 • (sun) · 肫 • (sun) (hangeul 순, revised sun, McCune–Reischauer sun, Yale swun)
|gizzard of fowl • honest • sincere
|Hán-Nôm : truân
|
|肫
|-
|肱
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Middle-Chinese : kwong
|(anatomy) upper arm • (figurative) minister of the emperor
| ‖ 肱(ひじ) • (hiji) ^(←ひぢ (fidi)?)
| ‖ Alternative spelling of 肘
|肱 (eum 굉 (goeng))
|
|Hán-Nôm : quăng
|
|肱
|-
|胆
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːn, *daːn) : semantic ⺼ (“body part”) + phonetic 旦 (OC *taːns).
|
|
| ‖ 胆(い) • (i)
|gall bladder • courage ‖ gallbladder; liver
|胆 • (dam) · 胆 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam, Yale tam)
|
|
|
|胆
|-
|胛
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːb) : phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb) + semantic 肉 (“flesh”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Middle-Chinese : kaep
|shoulder, shoulder blade
|
|
|胛 • (gap) · 胛 • (gap) (hangeul 갑, revised gap, McCune–Reischauer kap, Yale kap)
|
|
|
|胛
|-
|胤
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 八 + 幺 + 肉. Explanation uncertain.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : īn • Middle-Chinese : yinH
|(literary) progeny; posterity; descendants • (literary) heir; successor
| ‖ 胤(たね) • (tane) ‖ 胤(いん) • (in)
| ‖ paternal blood, offspring ‖ lineage; descendant
|胤 (eum 윤 (yun))
|
|Hán-Nôm : dận
|
|胤
|-
|胥
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋa, *sŋaʔ) : phonetic 疋 (OC *ŋraːʔ, *sŋra, *sŋraʔ) + semantic 月 (“flesh”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Middle-Chinese : sjo • Middle-Chinese : sjoX
|(historical) officer who was responsible for capturing thieves • (literary) all • (Classical) mutually • a surname
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|
|胥 • (seo) · 胥 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)
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|Hán-Nôm : tư
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|胥
|-
|胭
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ian • Middle-Chinese : 'en
|Short for 胭脂 (yānzhi).
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|
|
|
|
|
|胭
|-
|胱
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kong • Middle-Chinese : kwang
|Only used in 膀胱 (pángguāng, “bladder”).
|
|bladder
|胱 (eumhun 오줌통 광 (ojumtong gwang))
|hanja form of 광 (“bladder”)
|
|
|胱
|-
|脩
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slɯw) : phonetic 攸 (OC *lɯw) + semantic 肉 (“meat”) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slɯw) : phonetic 攸 (OC *lɯw) + semantic 肉 (“meat”) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slɯw) : phonetic 攸 (OC *lɯw) + semantic 肉 (“meat”) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slɯw) : phonetic 攸 (OC *lɯw) + semantic 肉 (“meat”) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slɯw) : phonetic 攸 (OC *lɯw) + semantic 肉 (“meat”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siu • Middle-Chinese : sjuw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ
|(literary) dried meat (presented to teachers as payment) • (literary) dried meat (presented to teachers as payment) · (by extension, historical) payment for teachers in ancient China • (literary) Alternative form of 修 (xiū) • to dry out; to wither • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 卣 (yǒu, “painted wine vessel”) ‖ Name of a county. ‖ Only used in 脩脩 (xiāoxiāo). ‖ Alternative form of 滌／涤 (dí, “to wash; to cleanse”)
| ‖ 脩(おさむ) • (Osamu)
|dried meat ‖ a male given name
|脩 • (su) · 脩 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tu
|
|脩
|-
|脫
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). \ :Within Chinese, cognate with 蛻 (OC *l̥ʰoːds, “exuviae (skin cast off during molting)”), 愉 (OC *lo, “relax > happy, pleased”), 悅 (OC lod, “contented”), 說 (OC *hljod, “to speak, to explain”), 說 (OC *hljods, “to persuade”), 偷 (OC *l̥ʰoː, “to steal”), 奪 (OC *Cə.lˁot, “to rob, to snatch”); \ :Outside Chinese, cognate with Tibetan གློད་པ (glod pa, “loosen, relax, slacken”), Tibetan ཧློད་པ (hlod pa, “loose, relaxed”), Lepcha ᰒᰤᰦᰳ (flját), ᰒᰤᰩᰳ (fljót), Burmese လွှတ် (hlwat), Burmese ချွတ် (hkywat). \ In its use in Northern Wu languages, such as Shanghainese, Suzhounese, and Ningbonese, as well as Lower Yangtze Mandarin, it is likely from a grammaticalisation of the verb. Compare with 落 (Wuxi, Changzhou) and 掉 (Haining, Danyang) ‖  ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : tyut³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thut • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuat • Middle-Chinese : dwat • Middle-Chinese : thwat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄟˋ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : thu̍t
|to take off (clothes); to peel off; to strip • to get away from; to escape; to leave; to avoid • to leave out; to miss; to omit • rapid; swift; fast • unaffected; free; at ease • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to collapse; to pass out; to fall in a faint • (Ningbonese and Shanghainese) and • (Northern Wu, Jianghuai Mandarin) Used to indicate a negative outcome to a verb. ‖ Used in 脫脫／脱脱 (“carefree”). • Alternative form of 蛻／蜕 (“(of skin) cast off”) • a surname ‖ (Hokkien) to slip out of place • (Mainland China Hokkien) to misstep
|
|take off, remove • escape, get away
|脫 • (tal, tae) · 脫 • (tal, tae) (hangeul 탈, 태, McCune–Reischauer t'al, t'ae, Yale thal, thay)
|
|Hán-Nôm : thoát
|
|脫
|-
|脹
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiùnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiònn • Middle-Chinese : trjangH
|to expand; to increase in size; to swell • (medicine, of muscles, skin, etc.) to swell • (medicine) to have edema; to have dropsy
|
|swell, dilate, distend, bulge
|脹 (eumhun 부을 창 (bueul chang))
|hanja form of 창 (“to expand; to swell”)
|Hán-Nôm : trướng • Hán-Nôm : chương • Hán-Nôm : rướn • Hán-Nôm : chướng
|
|脹
|-
|腆
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tin² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thián • Middle-Chinese : thenX
|prosperous • good • protruding
|
|
|腆 (eum 전 (jeon))
|
|Hán-Nôm : thiển
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|腆
|-
|腑
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Middle-Chinese : pjuX
|viscera
| ‖ 腑(ふ) • (fu) ^(←ふ (fu)?)
|viscera ‖
|腑 (eumhun 육부 부 (yukbu bu))
|hanja form of 부 (“the six viscera(bowels)”)
|
|
|腑
|-
|腱
|Originally 䇟. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kan, *ɡans) : semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 建 (OC *kans).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gin³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gin¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiān • Middle-Chinese : kjon • Middle-Chinese : gjonH
|tendons
| ‖ 腱(けん) • (ken)
| ‖ (anatomy) a tendon
|腱 • (geon) · 腱 • (geon) (hangeul 건, revised geon, McCune–Reischauer kŏn, Yale ken)
|
|
|
|腱
|-
|腳
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaɡ) : semantic ⺼ (“meat, body”) + phonetic 卻 (OC *kaɡ, *kʰaɡ) – part of the body, the foot or leg. \ Etymology not clear (Schuessler, 2007). Unrelated to Min 跤.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kioh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiok • Middle-Chinese : kjak
|(anatomy) foot (Classifier: 隻／只 m c; 雙／双 m c; 對／对 c) • base; leg; foundation • Alternative form of 角 (jué, “role; part; character”) • (Cantonese) person who joins an activity
|
|
|腳 (eumhun 다리 각 (dari gak))
|
|Hán-Nôm : cước • Hán-Nôm : cuốc
|
|腳
|-
|膈
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːɡ) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 鬲 (OC *kreːɡ, *ɡ·reːɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːɡ) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 鬲 (OC *kreːɡ, *ɡ·reːɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaak³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : keh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : keeh • Middle-Chinese : keak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˋ
|(anatomy) diaphragm • a kind of bell ‖ Only used in 膈應／膈应 (gèying).
|
|
|膈 • (gyeok) · 膈 • (gyeok) (hangeul 격)
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|
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|膈
|-
|膠
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯːw, *krɯːws, *kʰrɯːw) : semantic ⺼ (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 翏 (OC *ɡ·rɯːw, *ɡ·rɯws). ‖ Near homophone of the vulgar word 鳩／鸠 (gau¹).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kau • Middle-Chinese : kaew • Middle-Chinese : khaew • Middle-Chinese : kaewH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau¹
|glue; adhesive; gum; resin • rubber (material) • to glue; to adhere • sticky; gluey • (Cantonese) plastic • Short for 膠州／胶州 (Jiāozhōu). • Short for 膠澳／胶澳. (former name of 青島／青岛 (Qīngdǎo)) • (Wenzhounese) swim bladder ‖ (originally Internet slang) stupid; foolish; dumb • (Internet slang) stupidness; stupidity (Classifier: 打 c) • (originally Internet slang, offensive) idiot; retard • (originally Internet slang, possibly offensive) nerd; enthusiast • (chiefly Internet slang) to act stupidly; to act foolishly
|
|glue • isinglass
|膠 • (gyo) · 膠 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
|
|Hán-Nôm : giao • Hán-Nôm : keo
|
|膠
|-
|膩
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nis) : semantic 肉 (“meat”) + phonetic 貳 (OC *njis). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jī • Middle-Chinese : nrijH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : nau⁶ ‖
|fatty; oily • too greasy to bear • (Northern Min) to become soggy • meticulous; delicate; glossy • to make (someone) feel sick; to disgust (someone) • to be sick of; to be tired of • (literary) dirt • sticky; grimy • intimate; close • (Beijing Mandarin) to stick around, causing others to be fed up • (Beijing Mandarin) to stick to (someone); to pester (someone) • (Beijing Mandarin) to fill a crack; to putty • (Sichuanese) to hesitate; to be irresolute ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 腬 (nau6, “heavy; filling; too greasy or sweet”) ‖ (Eastern Min) to nap; to doze
|
|
|膩 • (ni>i) · 膩 • (ni>i) (hangeul 니>이, revised ni>i, McCune–Reischauer ni>i, Yale ni>i)
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|
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|膩
|-
|膺
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯŋ) : phonetic 𤸰 () + semantic 肉 (“body”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'ing
|(literary) breast; chest • (ancient, of horses) breast strap • (literary) to undertake; to bear • (literary) to attack
|
|breast
|膺 (eumhun 가슴 응 (gaseum eung))
|hanja form of 응 (“breasts”)
|Hán-Nôm : ưng • Hán-Nôm : ứng
|
|膺
|-
|膽
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːmʔ) : semantic ⺼ (“body part”) + phonetic 詹 (OC *tjam). \ Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007); compare Proto-Vietic *lɔːm, Proto-Katuic *lɔɔm, Proto-Bahnaric *kləːm, etc. from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁ləəm ~ *t₁luəm "liver".
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tám • Middle-Chinese : tamX
|(anatomy) gallbladder • (figurative) guts; courage; bravery; strength; nerve • inner container; liner (of a thermos); bladder (of a ball) • vacuum tube
|
|
|膽 (eumhun 쓸개 담 (sseulgae dam))
|hanja form of 담 (“gall bladder”) • hanja form of 담 (“courage; nerve”)
|Hán-Nôm : đảm
|
|膽
|-
|膾
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kui² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Middle-Chinese : kwajH
|(historical) kuai, a historical Chinese dish consisting of finely cut strips of raw fish or meat • (archaic) to mince; to chop
| ‖ 膾(なます) • (namasu)
| ‖ namasu, a Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced uncooked vegetables and meat or seafood, marinated in rice vinegar
|膾 (eumhun 회 회 (hoe hoe))
|hanja form of 회 (“sliced raw meat or fish”)
|Hán-Nôm : gỏi • Hán-Nôm : khoái • Hán-Nôm : cối • Hán-Nôm : quái
|
|膾
|-
|膿
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâng • Middle-Chinese : nowng
|pus
| ‖ 膿(うみ) • (umi) ‖ 膿(のう) • (nō) ‖ 膿(のう) • (nō)
| ‖ pus ‖ (medicine) pus ‖ (medicine) pus
|膿 (eumhun 고름 농 (goreum nong))
|hanja form of 농 (“pus”)
|
|
|膿
|-
|臃
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong
|Used in 臃腫／臃肿 (yōngzhǒng, “obese; swollen; overstaffed”).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|臃
|-
|臉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·reːmʔ, *skʰlam, *kramʔ) : semantic ⺼ (“body part”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-gram (“cheek; face”). Cognate with Tibetan འགྲམ་པ ('gram pa, “cheek”), འགྲམ་རུས ('gram rus, “cheekbone”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˇㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liám • Middle-Chinese : leamX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim¹ • Middle-Chinese : tshjem
|(anatomy) cheek • (anatomy) face (Classifier: 張／张 m) • (by extension) facial expression; complexion • (figurative) front part of something • (figurative) reputation; face; image ‖ meat soup
|
|cheek • face
|臉 (eumhun 뺨 검 (ppyam geom))
|cheek • face
|Hán-Nôm : kiểm • Hán-Nôm : quặm • Hán-Nôm : liển • Hán-Nôm : liễn • Hán-Nôm : liễm • Hán-Nôm : kiễm
|
|臉
|-
|臍
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zliːl) : semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls). \ Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-taj (“navel; abdomen; centre; self”) (Weidert, 1987; Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan ལྟེ (lte, “navel”), Chepang तोय् (“navel”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsê • Middle-Chinese : dzej
|navel
| ‖ 臍(へそ) • (heso) ‖ 臍(ほぞ) • (hozo)
| ‖ (anatomy) navel ‖ (anatomy) navel
|臍 (eumhun 배꼽 제 (baekkop je))
|hanja form of 제 (“navel”)
|
|
|臍
|-
|臏
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan⁵ • Middle-Chinese : bjinX
|Alternative form of 髕／髌 (bìn, “kneecap; cutting off kneecaps as a form of punishment”)
|
|the kneecap
|臏 • (bin) · 臏 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin)
|kneecap
|
|
|臏
|-
|臘
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːb) : semantic ⺼ (“meat”) + phonetic 巤 (OC *rab). \ Uncertain. \ * Bodde (1975) cites Zheng Xuan's comment on the relation between 臘 (OC *raːb, “year-end sacrifice”) and 獵 (OC *rab, “hunt”); \ * Boltz (1979) instead relates it to a much later word written with the same phonetic & meaning "to cut off, to terminate" (of a year); \ * Schuessler (2007) proposes an alternative Sino-Tibetan etymology: just as the 葉 (OC *hljeb, *leb) word-family encompasses the meanings "leaf > foliage, year, generation"; so the root *râp "new year, change of year" is apparently a parallel etymon, which also is cognate with Tibetan རབས། (rabs, “generation”) (Bodman, 1980).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍h • Middle-Chinese : lap
|year-end sacrifice to the gods • twelfth month of the Chinese lunar calendar • dried preserved meat; cured meat
| ‖ 臘(ろう) • (rō)
| ‖ a Buddhist ceremony held in winter on the third day of the dog • the twelfth month of the lunar-solar calendar • a year in Buddhism after one completes a meditation retreat
|臘 • (rap>nap) · 臘 • (rap>nap) (hangeul 랍>납, revised rap>nap, McCune–Reischauer rap>nap, Yale lap>nap)
|
|Hán-Nôm : chạp • Hán-Nôm : chợp • Hán-Nôm : lạp • Hán-Nôm : lép
|
|臘
|-
|臚
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ljo
|(literary) to display; to list
|
|
|臚 • (ryeo>yeo) · 臚 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
|
|
|
|臚
|-
|臥
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 臣 (“eye”) + 人 (“person”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : ngo⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gōo • Middle-Chinese : ngwaH
|to lie down • to sleep; to rest • (of animals) to crouch • (literary) to live in seclusion; to retreat • (regional) to poach (to cook in boiling water) • (in compounds) containing a bed; used for sleeping • (in compounds) sleeper
| ‖ 臥(が) • (ga) ^(←ぐわ (gwa)?)
|to lie down • prostrate ‖ to bend down; to lie down; to prostrate
|臥 • (wa) · 臥 • (wa) (hangeul 와)
|
|Hán-Nôm : ngọa • Hán-Nôm : ngoạ
|
|臥
|-
|臧
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 臣 (“eye”) + 戈 (“spear;weapon”) – "slave; prisoner of war" (slaves in ancient China were blinded, hence the 臣 component. Compare 童 and 民). The phonetic component 爿 (OC *zaŋ), absent in the oracle-bone script, was added at a later stage (see Yang, 1965, and references therein), leading Shuowen to interpret the character as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaːŋ) : phonetic 戕 (OC *kaːl, *ʔsaːŋ, *zaŋ) + semantic 臣. \ Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan བཟང (bzang, “good; fine”) (Coblin, 1986). ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong⁶
|(literary) good; right; generous • (literary) to praise; to commend • a surname ‖ (derogatory) slave; enslaved captive • Alternative form of 贓／赃 (zāng, “booty; loot; stolen goods”) ‖ Alternative form of 藏 (“to hide; to store”) ‖ Alternative form of 藏 (zàng, “storing pace; depository”) • Alternative form of 臟／脏 (zàng, “internal organs, viscera”)
|
|
|臧 (eum 장 (jang))
|
|Hán-Nôm : tang • Hán-Nôm : tàng
|
|臧
|-
|臺
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated 喬 + 室. \ Its exact structure changes depending on region and time period, but for most of its existence it has been a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) . The phonetic has always been 之 (OC *tjɯ) or 止 (OC *kjɯʔ). \ : Oracle bone inscriptions: phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) + 宀. \ : Chu slips: phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) + 室 \ : Jin slips: \ :* Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated 喬 + 室. This is the modern form inherited by Han seal script. \ :* Phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ) + abbreviated 室 \ :* Phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) + 室 \ : Qin dynasty: Phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ) + 高 + 室 \ Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 之 (“foot”) + abbreviated 高 (“high”) + 室 (“building”) – a watch tower. The Shuowen Jiezi Zhu considers 㞢 (*tjɯ) to be the sound component.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄞˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâi • Middle-Chinese : doj
|tower; lookout • stage; platform • support; stand; base • station · (specifically) broadcasting station or channel; television station or channel • station · (specifically, Internet) live stream • station • terrace (raised ground) • Suffix for terms of address conveying respect for the addressee. • Short for 臺灣／台灣／台湾 (Táiwān, “Taiwan”). • Short for 臺語／台語／台语 (táiyǔ, “Taiwanese Hokkien”). • Classifier for machines, vehicles or electronic devices. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • Classifier for stage performance. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • Alternative form of 檯／台 (tái, “table; desk”) • Alternative form of 薹 (tái, “sedge”) • a surname • (mahjong) points
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|臺 (eumhun 대 대 (dae dae)) ‖ 臺 • (Dae) (hangeul 대)
|hanja form of 대 (“platform”) [noun] • hanja form of 대 (“counter for vehicles or machinery”) [counter] • hanja form of 대 (“(after a number) in the... s”) [suffix] ‖ (in news headlines) Short for 臺(대)灣(만) (Daeman, “Taiwan”).
|Hán-Nôm : đài
|chữ Hán form of đài (“platform, broadcast station”).
|臺
|-
|臻
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsin • Middle-Chinese : tsrin
|(literary) to attain; to realize • (literary) to arrive; to reach; to come
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|臻 • (jin) · 臻 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin)
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|Hán-Nôm : trăn
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|臻
|-
|臾
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : yu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵
|a moment, an instant, a short while (used in 須臾／须臾 (xūyú)) • a surname ‖ Only used in 縱臾／纵臾 (zǒngyǒng).
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|臾 (eum 잠깐 유, 권할 용 (jamkkan yu, gwonhal yong))
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|臾
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|舂
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 廾 (“both hands”) + 午 (“pestle”) + 臼 (“mortar”) – using both hands to pound with a mortar and pestle.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong • Middle-Chinese : syowng
|to pound on grains in a mortar in order to husk them • (Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min, Shanghainese) to hit with a fist; to punch • (Cantonese) to fall (especially head down)
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|to grind in a mortar
|舂 • (yong, song, chang) · 舂 • (yong, song, chang) (hangeul 용, 송, 창, revised yong, song, chang, McCune–Reischauer yong, song, ch'ang, Yale yong, song, chang)
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|Hán-Nôm : thung
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|舂
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|舉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaʔ) : phonetic 與 (OC *la, *laʔ, *las) + semantic 手 (“hand”) as 擧／举. The 手 (shǒu) component became 𰀁. \ ;lift \ ;all, whole, entire \ ;to pawn
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kú • Middle-Chinese : kjoX
|to raise; to lift up • (literary) to raise; to bring up • to elect • to start; to initiate • to cite; to enumerate • action; deed • (historical) successful candidate in the imperial examination at the provincial level • whole; entire • (Cantonese) to pawn
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|Alternative form of 擧 (Shinjitai form 挙)
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|Hán-Nôm : cử • Hán-Nôm : cỡ • Hán-Nôm : cữ
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|舉
|-
|舐
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦljeʔ) : semantic 舌 + phonetic 氏 (OC *skeŋ, *kje, *ɡjeʔ). \ The glyphs recorded in Shuowen are 舓 (shì) (with phonetic 易 (OC *leːɡs, *leɡ)) and 𦧇 (with phonetic 也 (OC *laːlʔ)). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s/g-ljak (“to lick; tongue”). The Cantonese vernacular reading laai² preserves the Old Chinese initial *l-. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǐ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǐnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǐ • Middle-Chinese : zyeX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lim² • Cantonese · Jyutping : lem²
|to lick; to lap; to stroke with the tongue ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 舔 (“to lick”)
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|舐 (eum 지 (ji))
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|canonical : 舐: Hán Việt readings: thỉ • canonical : thị • canonical : để 舐: Nôm readings: liếm • canonical : thỉ
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|舐
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|舛
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 夊 + 𡕒 (second character roughly ヰ) – two feet facing in different directions. Compare 夅, with feet pointing down. Compare also foot in 夂, 夊, 𡕒. Note that the left foot has changed shape rather more than the right foot, which still resembles the form in earlier script.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuán • Middle-Chinese : tsyhwenX
|(literary) to be opposed to; to be contrary to; to deviate from • (literary) an error or mistake • (literary) a disorderly misfortune; be in a difficult situation
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|舛 • (cheon) · 舛 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen)
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|Hán-Nôm : suyễn • Hán-Nôm : sẻn
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|舛
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|舜
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sùn • Middle-Chinese : sywinH
|Emperor Shun, legendary ruler of ancient China • (alt. form 蕣) Hibiscus syriacus • a surname
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|舜 • (sun) · 舜 • (sun) (hangeul 순, revised sun, McCune–Reischauer sun, Yale swun)
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|Hán-Nôm : thuấn
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|舜
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|舢
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹
|Only used in 舢板 (shānbǎn).
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|sampan
|舢 (eum 산 (san))
|a small boat attached to a ship
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|
|舢
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|舨
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan²
|Only used in 舢舨 and 艟舨.
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|舨
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|舫
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paːŋs, *paŋs) : semantic 舟 (“boat”) + phonetic 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ). \ Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *poŋ (“raft; float”) (provisionally reconstructed by STEDT). See 方 (OC *paŋ) for more.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng • Middle-Chinese : pjangH • Middle-Chinese : pangH
|two boats connected together • boat (with a deckhouse)
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|舫 (eum 방 (bang))
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|Hán-Nôm : phảng
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|舫
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|艙
|Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːŋ) : semantic 舟 (“boat”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshong
|cabin (in ships, airplanes, etc.)
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|艙 • (chang) · 艙 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang, Yale chang)
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|Hán-Nôm : thương • Hán-Nôm : khoang
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|艙
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|艮
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 目 (“eye”) + 匕 (“spoon”). \ Alternatively, a ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 目 (“eye”) + 人 (“person”) showing a person looking back (Ji Xusheng, 2004). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kùn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìn • Middle-Chinese : konH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄣˇ
|one of the Eight Trigrams 八卦, symbolizing mountains. (☶) • a surname ‖ (dialectal) blunt; straightforward • (dialectal) tough, chewy
| ‖ 艮(うしとら) • (ushitora)
|northeast ‖ (obsolete) northeast
|艮 (eumhun 괘 이름 간 (gwae ireum gan)) ‖ 艮 (eumhun 그칠 간 (geuchil gan)) ‖ 艮 (eumhun 은 은 (eun eun)) ‖ 艮 (eumhun 끌 흔 (kkeul heun))
|hanja form of 간 (“one of the Eight Trigrams 八卦”) ‖ hanja form of 간 (“to stop; to cease”) ‖ hanja form of 은 (“silver”) ‖ hanja form of 흔 (“to pull; to draw; to drag”)
|Hán-Nôm : cấn • Hán-Nôm : cản • Hán-Nôm : ngắn • Hán-Nôm : nhìn • Hán-Nôm : ngấn • Hán-Nôm : ngẩn • Hán-Nôm : ngổn • Hán-Nôm : ngần
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|艮
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|艱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯːn) : semantic 𦰩 + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kian • Middle-Chinese : kean
|difficult; hard • hardship; suffering • disaster • dangerous • parent's death
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|艱 • (gan) · 艱 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan, Yale kan)
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|Hán-Nôm : gian
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|艱
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|芍
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡleːwʔ, *spʰlewɢ, *pl'ewɢ, *bljewɢ, *pleːwɢ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 勺 (OC *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ). ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshia̍h • Middle-Chinese : dzyak • Middle-Chinese : trjak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˋ • Middle-Chinese : hewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˋ • Middle-Chinese : tek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ • Middle-Chinese : tshjak
|Chinese peony (Paeonia lactiflora) ‖ water chestnut ‖ Alternative form of 菂 (dì, “lotus seed”) ‖ Only used in 芍陂.
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|
|芍 • (jak, jeok) · 芍 • (jak, jeok) (hangeul 작, 적, revised jak, jeok, McCune–Reischauer chak, chŏk, Yale cak, cek)
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|Hán-Nôm : thược
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|芍
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|芟
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saam¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Middle-Chinese : sraem
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|
|scythe • to scythe, to cut
|芟 • (sam) · 芟 • (sam) (hangeul 삼, revised sam, McCune–Reischauer sam, Yale sam)
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|
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|芟
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|芯
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sim • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sim • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³
|pith from the common rush (Juncus effusus), used as lamp wick • lamp wick • (in general) core material (of something); centre; wick; pencil lead ‖ Only used in 芯子 (xìnzi, “fuse; tongue of a snake”).
| ‖ 芯(しん) • (shin)
| ‖ core, heart • pencil lead • wick
|芯 • (sim) · 芯 • (sim) (hangeul 심, revised sim, McCune–Reischauer sim, Yale sim)
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|
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|芯
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|芻
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 勹 (“hand”) + 屮 (“grass”), a hand plucking grass.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : co¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshu • Middle-Chinese : tsrhju
|to cut grass; to mow • hay; fodder • livestock • to raise; to rear
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|芻 (eum 추 (chu))
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|Hán-Nôm : so
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|芻
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|苒
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liám • Middle-Chinese : nyemX
|luxuriant growth • passing (of time) • (Xiamen Hokkien) fruit preserve; jam (UK); jelly (US)
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|flourishing • luxuriant
|苒 • (yeom) · 苒 • (yeom) (hangeul 염, revised yeom, McCune–Reischauer yŏm, Yale yem)
|lush • successively • in order
|Hán-Nôm : nhiễm
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|苒
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|苓
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Middle-Chinese : leng
|Used in 苓耳. • Short for 伏苓 or 茯苓. • Alternative form of 零 (“to fall”)
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|herb, plant • mushroom
|苓 • (ryeong>yeong) · 苓 • (ryeong>yeong) (hangeul 령>영, revised ryeong>yeong, McCune–Reischauer ryŏng>yŏng, Yale lyeng>yeng)
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|Hán-Nôm : linh • Hán-Nôm : lành • Hán-Nôm : lềnh
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|苓
|-
|苣
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi⁶ • Middle-Chinese : gjoX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˇ
|lettuce ‖ Only used in 苣蕒菜／苣荬菜 (qǔmǎicài).
| ‖ 苣(ちしゃ) or 苣(チシャ) • (chisha)
|lettuce ‖ Alternative spelling of 萵苣 (“lettuce”)
|苣 • (geo) · 苣 • (geo) (hangeul 거, revised geo, McCune–Reischauer kŏ, Yale ke)
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|Hán-Nôm : cự
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|苣
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|苧
|Simplified from 薴 (寧 → 宁). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 宁 (OC *da, *daʔ).
| ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁵ • Middle-Chinese : drjoX
| ‖ ramie (Boehmeria nivea)
| ‖ 苧(お) • (o) ^(←を (wo)?) ‖ 苧(むし) • (mushi) ‖ 苧(からむし) • (karamushi) ‖ 苧(からんし) • (karanshi) ‖ 苧(こるむし) • (korumushi) ‖ 苧(ま) • (ma) ‖ 苧(ちょ) • (cho)
| ‖ hemp or ramie • thread made from the outer husk of the stems of hemp or ramie • a textile made from this thread ‖ (obsolete) old name for karamushi: the ramie plant, Boehmeria nivea var. nipononivea • short for 帔(むしのたれぎぬ), 枲(むし)の垂(た)れ衣(ぎぬ) (mushi no tareginu), a kind of veil made of ramie and worn from the brim of a hat by women from the Heian period through the Kamakura period ‖ the ramie plant, Boehmeria nivea (syn. Boehmeria nipononivea) • a thread made from the fibers of this plant • a textile made from this thread ‖ (rare, obsolete) the ramie plant • (rare, obsolete) a thread made from the fibers of this plant • (rare, obsolete) a textile made from this thread ‖ (rare, obsolete) the ramie plant • (rare, obsolete) a thread made from the fibers of this plant • (rare, obsolete) a textile made from this thread ‖ the ramie or hemp plant or fiber ‖ the ramie or hemp plant or fiber
|苧 • (jeo) · 苧 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)
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|Hán-Nôm : trữ
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|苧
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|茎
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| ‖ 茎(くき) • (kuki) ‖ 茎(なかご) • (nakago)
| ‖ stem, stalk ‖ (swords) tang (part of a sword blade)
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|茎
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|茗
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *meːŋʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 名 (OC *meŋ). \ A late word; earliest extant attestation is in Shuowen Jiezi. \ Likely from Austroasiatic. Compare Palaungic မျံမ် (miəm), Danau miːn², Lamet mɪːŋ, Mlabri miʌŋ, Mal mhiaŋ, Nyah Kur mìəm, Thai เมี่ยง (mîiang), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩮᩥ᩠᩶ᨿᨦ, Lao ໝ້ຽງ (mīang).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîng • Middle-Chinese : mengX
|tea buds • late-picked tea • (in general) tea plant • tea (drink) • Alternative form of 酩 (mǐng) • a surname
| ‖ 茗(めい) • (mei)
|tea, the tea plant ‖ tea, especially tea picked later in the season
|茗 • (myeong) · 茗 • (myeong) (hangeul 명, revised myeong, McCune–Reischauer myŏng, Yale myeng)
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|canonical : 茗: Hán Việt readings: dính • canonical : minh 茗: Nôm readings: dính • canonical : rểnh • canonical : tranh
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|茗
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|茱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djo) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 朱 (OC *tjo).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dzyu
|Short for 茱萸 (zhūyú).
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|
|茱 • (su) · 茱 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
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|
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|茱
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|茲
|Cognate with 載 (OC *ʔslɯːʔ, “year”), 再 (OC *ʔsɯːs, “twice”), 薦 (OC *ʔseːns, “repeatedly”), 洊 (OC *zlɯːns, “again; repeatedly”), 荐 (OC *zlɯːns, “repeatedly”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Middle-Chinese : tsi ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dzi
|(literary) this • (literary) year; time • (literary) the present; now • Alternative form of 滋 (zī, “more”) ‖ Only used in 龜茲／龟兹 (Qiūcí).
| ‖
|here ‖
|茲 • (museonghal ja) · 茲 • (museonghal ja) (hangeul 무성할 자)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tư
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|茲
|-
|茴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːl) : semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 回 (OC *ɡuːl).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huê • Middle-Chinese : hwoj
|Used in 茴香 (huíxiāng). • fennel; aniseed
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|
|茴 • (hoe) · 茴 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy)
|
|canonical : 茴: Hán Việt readings: hồi 茴: Nôm readings: hồi • canonical : gồi
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|茴
|-
|茹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nja, *njaʔ, *njas) : semantic 艹 (“grass, plants”) + phonetic 如 (OC *nja, *njas) – plant roots, part of a plant. \ Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic origin; compare Kharia [script needed] (ɲoʔ, “to eat”) and Proto-Vietic *s-nja:ʔ (“to chew, to masticate”) (> Vietnamese nhá). Schuessler (2003) also compares 茹 with Jingpho noʔ¹ 'to eat' and Proto-Mienic *ʔnəkᴰ 'to swallow'.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû • Middle-Chinese : nyo • Middle-Chinese : nyoX • Middle-Chinese : nyoH
|to eat • (literary) to bear • (literary) to guess • (literary) soft • (literary) corrupted • (literary) vegetables • a surname • (organic chemistry) rubicene
|
|to boil • to seethe
|茹 • (yeo) · 茹 • (yeo) (hangeul 여, revised yeo, McCune–Reischauer yŏ, Yale ye)
|
|canonical : 茹: Hán Việt readings: như • canonical : nhự 茹: Nôm readings: nhà • canonical : nhờ • canonical : nhựa • canonical : nhừa • canonical : nhu
|Nôm form of nhà (“home”).
|茹
|-
|荀
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn • Middle-Chinese : swin
|a surname • (historical) name of an ancient state in China • (obsolete) name of a plant
|
|
|荀 • (sun) · 荀 • (sun) (hangeul 순, revised sun, McCune–Reischauer sun, Yale swun)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tuân
|
|荀
|-
|荊
|; "shrub; alternative name of Chu" \ ; "(humble) my wife; poor"
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Middle-Chinese : kjaeng
|chaste tree (Vitex); redbud (Cercis) • (historical) rod for flogging made of chaste tree twigs • (literary, humble) my wife • Short for 荊州／荆州 (Jīngzhōu, “Jingzhou”). • Short for 荊山／荆山 (Jīng Shān, “Mount Jing”). • Alternative name for 楚 (chǔ, “the state of Chu in ancient China”). • a surname
| ‖ 荊(いばら) or 荊(イバラ) • (ibara)
|thorn • brier • whip ‖ Alternative spelling of 茨
|荊 • (hyeong) · 荊 • (hyeong) (hangeul 형, revised hyeong, McCune–Reischauer hyŏng, Yale hyeng)
|thorns • brambles • my wife • cane
|Hán-Nôm : kinh
|
|荊
|-
|荏
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯmʔ) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 任 (OC *njɯm, *njɯms). \ ; “a kind of big bean” \ ; “soft; weak” \ : Possibly related to 飪 (OC *njɯmʔ, “cooked”), 腍 (OC *njɯmʔ, “cooked; delicious”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lám • Middle-Chinese : nyimX
|perilla (Perilla frutescens) • a kind of big bean; big • soft; weak; yielding • (Singapore Hokkien) weak; feeble; frail
|
|
|荏 • (im) · 荏 • (im) (hangeul 임, revised im, McCune–Reischauer im, Yale im)
|
|Hán-Nôm : nhẫm
|
|荏
|-
|荸
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pu̍t
|Only used in 荸薺／荸荠 (bíqi, “Chinese water chestnut”).
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bột • Hán-Nôm : mụt • Hán-Nôm : bụt
|
|荸
|-
|荻
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dek
|Amur silvergrass (Miscanthus sacchariflorus) • a surname
| ‖ 荻(おぎ) or 荻(オギ) • (ogi) ^(←をぎ (wogi)?)
|Amur silver-grass (Miscanthus sacchariflorus) • reed, cane ‖ Amur silver-grass (Miscanthus sacchariflorus)
|荻 (eum 적 (jeok))
|
|Hán-Nôm : địch
|
|荻
|-
|荼
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 余 (OC *la) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 余 (OC *la) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 余 (OC *la)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Middle-Chinese : drae • Middle-Chinese : du • Middle-Chinese : zyae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu¹
|a type of bitter vegetable, possibly sow thistle or other plants of Asteraceae • (figurative) pain; suffering • spikes of cogon (or other grasses) with long whitish hair • pappus • white ‖ a surname ‖ Only used in 神荼 (Shēnshū).
|
|Ixeridium dentatum • kanji used to transliterate Buddhist terms borrowed from Sanskrit
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đồ • Hán-Nôm : dưa • Hán-Nôm : giưa
|
|荼
|-
|莎
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *soːl) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 沙 (OC *sraːl, *sraːls). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *soːl) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 沙 (OC *sraːl, *sraːls). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *soːl) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 沙 (OC *sraːl, *sraːls).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so¹ • Middle-Chinese : swa ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟ
|Cyperus rotundus • a kind of tree • to wither • Alternative form of 蓑 ‖ Used in personal names , place names and transcription. ‖ Only used in 捼莎.
|
|
|莎 • (sa) · 莎 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)
|
|Hán-Nôm : toa • Hán-Nôm : sa
|
|莎
|-
|莒
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kí • Middle-Chinese : kjoX
|taro • (～國) state of Ju during the Zhou dynasty • (～縣) Ju County in Shandong province • a surname
|
|
|莒 • (geo) · 莒 • (geo) (hangeul 거, revised geo, McCune–Reischauer kŏ, Yale ke)
|
|
|
|莒
|-
|莓
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : m̂ • Middle-Chinese : mwoj • Middle-Chinese : mwojH • Middle-Chinese : mjuwH
|moss • berry
| ‖ 莓(いちご) or 莓(イチゴ) • (ichigo)
|strawberry ‖ Alternative spelling of 苺 (“strawberry”)
|莓 • (mae) · 莓 • (mae) (hangeul 매, revised mae, McCune–Reischauer mae, Yale may)
|
|
|
|莓
|-
|莖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreːŋ, *qreːŋ) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ). \ Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-kja-ŋ (“foot”) (STEDT), whence Tibetan རྐང་པ (rkang pa, “foot; leg; stem; stalk”). \ 脛 (OC *ɡeːŋs, “lower leg”) is also compared to the above Proto-Sino-Tibetan lemma. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreːŋ, *qreːŋ) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ). \ Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-kja-ŋ (“foot”) (STEDT), whence Tibetan རྐང་པ (rkang pa, “foot; leg; stem; stalk”). \ 脛 (OC *ɡeːŋs, “lower leg”) is also compared to the above Proto-Sino-Tibetan lemma.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwaang² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hîng • Middle-Chinese : heang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Middle-Chinese : 'eang
|stem; stalk; something like a stalk • ^† tall and straight • ^† pillar • ^† (traditional Chinese medicine) penis • ^† handle • Classifier for strips or stalks of objects. ‖ Only used in 姚莖／姚茎.
|
|stem • stalk
|莖 • (gyeong) · 莖 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
|
|Hán-Nôm : hành • Hán-Nôm : kinh
|
|莖
|-
|莘
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san¹ • Middle-Chinese : srin ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣ • Middle-Chinese : srin
|long • numerous • a surname • (～縣) Shen County, a county in Shandong. ‖ a type of marsh plant whose root is used for medicine
|
|long • numerous • marsh plant whose root is used for medicine
|莘 • (sin) · 莘 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin, Yale sin)
|long • numerous • a marsh plant whose root is used for medicine
|
|
|莘
|-
|莞
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kŋoːn, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋroːnʔ) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 完 (OC *ɦŋoːn). ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaan¹ • Middle-Chinese : kwan • Middle-Chinese : hwan ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuán ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁵ • Middle-Chinese : hwaenX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁵
|a type of long-stem watergrass, possibly the softstem rush (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani) or Shichito matgrass (Cyperus malaccensis) • mat woven using this kind of grass • a surname ‖ Used in 東莞／东莞 (Dōngguǎn, “Dongguan”); also used as its short form. ‖ smiling ‖ Alternative form of 脘 (wǎn, “gastric cavity”)
|
|
|莞 • (gwan, wan) · 莞 • (gwan, wan) (hangeul 관, 완, revised gwan, wan, McCune–Reischauer kwan, wan, Yale kwan, wan)
|
|Hán-Nôm : hoàn
|
|莞
|-
|莠
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁵ • Middle-Chinese : yuwX
|Setaria viridis (green foxtail, green bristlegrass, wild foxtail millet) • (figurative) bad (one)
|
|
|莠 • (yu) · 莠 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
|
|
|
|莠
|-
|莢
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : keh • Middle-Chinese : kep
|pods of leguminous plants • (Hokkien) Classifier for pod of legumes. • (Taiwanese Hokkien) Classifier for bananas.
|
|pod • hull • husk • shell • case
|莢 (eumhun 꼬투리 협 (kkoturi hyeop))
|pod (of soybean) • Lespedeza cuneata
|
|
|莢
|-
|菁
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsleŋ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshenn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshinn • Middle-Chinese : tsjeng
|(literary, obsolete) garlic chive flowers (Allium tuberosum) • (literary, obsolete) flowers • Brassica • Used in 菁菁 (jīngjīng, “luxuriant”). • (Southern Min) betel nut • (Eastern Min) common reed
|
|
|菁 • (cheong) · 菁 • (cheong) (hangeul 청, revised cheong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏng, Yale cheng)
|
|Hán-Nôm : thanh • Hán-Nôm : tinh
|
|菁
|-
|菅
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːn) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 官 (OC *koːn) – a type of grass.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuann • Middle-Chinese : kaen
|^† a variety of grass • a surname
| ‖ 菅(すげ) or 菅(スゲ) • (suge) ‖ 菅(すが) • (suga) ‖ 菅(すが) • (Suga) ‖ 菅(かん) • (kan) ^(←くわん (kwan)?) ‖ 菅(かん) • (Kan) ^(←くわん (kwan)?)
| ‖ a sedge ‖ (rare or in compounds) a sedge ‖ a surname ‖ a variety of grass • Sugawara no Michizane ‖ a surname
|菅 • (gwan) · 菅 • (gwan) (hangeul 관, revised gwan, McCune–Reischauer kwan, Yale kwan)
|
|Hán-Nôm : gian
|
|菅
|-
|菰
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷaː) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 孤 (OC *kʷaː).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gu¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Middle-Chinese : ku
|Manchurian wild rice (Zizania latifolia)
|
|
|菰 • (go) · 菰 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|
|Hán-Nôm : cô
|
|菰
|-
|菸
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Middle-Chinese : 'joH • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩ
|to fade; to wither; to wilt ‖ a kind of smelly grass
|
|
|
|
|
|
|菸
|-
|菽
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljɯwɢ) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 叔 (OC *hljɯwɢ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nuk (“bean, eye”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Proto-Lolo-Burmese *(s-)nok (“bean”) (whence Burmese ပဲနောက် (pai:nauk, “bean”), Lahu nɔ̂ʔ, etc.), Jingpho nòʔ.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : syuwk
|beans and peas collectively; pulse; legume
|
|
|菽 • (suk) · 菽 • (suk) (hangeul 숙, revised suk, McCune–Reischauer suk, Yale swuk)
|beans, peas (literary)
|
|
|菽
|-
|萃
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dzwijH
|to gather; to collect; to assemble • gathering; group • to stop; to halt • Alternative form of 悴 (cuì)
|
|collect • gather • assemble
|萃 • (chwe, chwi, chae) · 萃 • (chwe, chwi, chae) (hangeul 췌, 취, 채, revised chwe, chwi, chae, McCune–Reischauer ch'we, ch'wi, ch'ae, Yale chwey, chwi, chay)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tụy • Hán-Nôm : tuỵ
|
|萃
|-
|萊
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâi • Middle-Chinese : loj • Middle-Chinese : lojH
|goosefoot • weed (wild grass) • fallow field • (historical) an ancient Dongyi state conquered by Qi
|
|goosefoot • overgrown field
|萊 (eumhun 명아주 래 (myeong'aju rae), word-initial (South Korea) 명아주 내 (myeong'aju nae))
|
|Hán-Nôm : lai • Hán-Nôm : lài
|
|萊
|-
|萋
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cai¹ • Middle-Chinese : tshej
|(of vegetation) luxuriant; lush; abundant • Used in 萋斐.
|
|
|萋 • (cheo) · 萋 • (cheo) (hangeul 처, revised cheo, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏ, Yale che)
|
|
|
|萋
|-
|萱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷan) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 宣 (OC *sqʰon).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hyun¹ • Middle-Chinese : xjwon
|^† daylily (Hemerocallis flava) • ^† mother
|
|
|萱 (eum 훤 (hwon))
|
|Hán-Nôm : hiên • Hán-Nôm : huyên
|
|萱
|-
|萵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qloːl) : semantic 艹 (“herbage”) + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : meh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o
|lettuce
|
|
|萵 • (wa) · 萵 • (wa) (hangeul 와, revised wa, McCune–Reischauer wa, Yale wa)
|
|Hán-Nôm : oa
|
|萵
|-
|萸
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : yu
|Only used in 茱萸 (zhūyú).
|
|
|萸 • (yu) · 萸 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
|
|
|
|萸
|-
|萼
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : go̍k • Middle-Chinese : ngak
|calyx
| ‖ 萼(がく) • (gaku) ‖ 萼(うてな) • (utena)
|calyx • cup ‖ (botany) a calyx (collective term for sepals) ‖ (botany) a calyx (collective term for sepals)
|萼 • (ak) · 萼 • (ak) (hangeul 악, revised ak, McCune–Reischauer ak, Yale ak)
|
|
|
|萼
|-
|葦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷɯlʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 韋 (OC *ɢʷɯl) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷɯlʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 韋 (OC *ɢʷɯl)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁵ • Middle-Chinese : hjw+jX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˇ
|^⁜ reed; rush ‖ Alternative form of 緯／纬 (wěi, “to weave”)
|
|
|葦 • (wi) · 葦 • (wi) (hangeul 위, revised wi, McCune–Reischauer wi, Yale wi)
|reed
|canonical : 葦: Hán Việt readings: vy • canonical : vĩ 葦: Nôm readings: vi
|chữ Hán form of vy (“reed”).
|葦
|-
|葩
|Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *baːr (“bloom, flower”); compare Burmese ပန်း (pan:) or Zaiwa pan²¹. Probably the same etymon as 瓣 (OC *breːns, “petal”) (Schusessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pha • Middle-Chinese : phae
|^† flower • ^† beautiful • (Southern Min) Classifier for lamps. • (Southern Min) Classifier for things that are strung together.
|
|
|葩 (eum 파 (pa))
|
|Hán-Nôm : ba
|
|葩
|-
|葱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰloːŋ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 怱 (OC *sʰloːŋ).
|
|
| ‖ 葱(ねぎ) or 葱(ネギ) • (negi) (counter 本)
|leek • scallion, green onion ‖ scallion, leek
|葱 • (chong) · 葱 • (chong) (hangeul 총, revised chong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong, Yale chong)
|
|
|
|葱
|-
|葷
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hun • Middle-Chinese : xjun ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣ
|(Buddhism) strong-smelling vegetables, such as spring onion, garlic and garlic chives • meat or fish dishes (as opposed to vegetarian dishes) • (figurative) low-class; obscene; vulgar; dirty ‖ Only used in 葷粥／荤粥 and 葷鬻／荤鬻.
|
|strong smelling • strong smelling vegetable, esp. garlic, onion, Chinese chives (Allium tuberosum), Chinese scallion (Allium chinense), Allium macrostemon (Japanese garlic) • meat diet
|葷 • (hun) · 葷 • (hun) (hangeul 훈, McCune–Reischauer hun, Yale hwun)
|meat diet • strong smelling
|Hán-Nôm : huân • Hán-Nôm : hôi
|
|葷
|-
|蒐
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau² • Middle-Chinese : srjuw
|(literary) madder (Rubia cordifolia) • (literary) to hunt in spring (or autumn) • (archaic) to review troops • (archaic) to conceal; to hide • (alt. form 搜) to gather; to collect; to assemble • (alt. form 搜) to seek; to look for; to search for
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|to collect, to gather • collection
|蒐 • (su) · 蒐 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|
|Hán-Nôm : sưu • Hán-Nôm : cói
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|蒐
|-
|蒞
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁶
|to attend; to arrive (in an official function or ceremony) • to manage
|
|
|蒞 • (ri>i) · 蒞 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)
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|
|
|蒞
|-
|蒿
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e • Hokkien · Tai-lo : er • Middle-Chinese : xaw
|Artemisia (mugwort; wormwood; sagebrush) • (in compounds) an Artemisia-like plant • evaporating; emitting (scents) • Alternative form of 耗 (“to consume; to use up”) • Used in 蒿目. • a surname: Hao
|
|wormwood
|蒿 (eumhun 쑥 호 (ssuk ho))
|mugwort
|canonical : 蒿: Hán Việt readings: hao 蒿: Nôm readings: khao
|chữ Hán form of hao (“artemisia”). • Nôm form of khao (“garland chrysanthemum”).
|蒿
|-
|蓀
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *suːn) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 孫 (OC *suːn).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun¹ • Middle-Chinese : swon
|(literary) sweet flag (Acorus) • Used in 溪蓀／溪荪.
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|
|蓀 • (so) · 蓀 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
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|
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|蓀
|-
|蓆
|See 席 (OC *ljaːɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zek⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshio̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍k • Middle-Chinese : zjek
|woven mat made of bamboo strips or grass
|
|
|蓆 • (seok) · 蓆 • (seok) (hangeul 석, revised seok, McCune–Reischauer sŏk, Yale sek)
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|
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|蓆
|-
|蓓
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pui⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puē • Middle-Chinese : bojX
|Only used in 蓓蕾 (bèilěi, “flower bud”).
|
|
|蓓 • (bae) · 蓓 • (bae) (hangeul 배, revised bae, McCune–Reischauer pae, Yale pay)
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|
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|蓓
|-
|蔔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːɡ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 匐 (OC *bɯːɡ, *bɯɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄅㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ta̍k • Middle-Chinese : bok
|carrot
|
|daikon
|蔔 • (bok) · 蔔 • (bok) (hangeul 복, revised bok, McCune–Reischauer pok, Yale pok)
|
|Hán-Nôm : bặc • Hán-Nôm : bốc
|
|蔔
|-
|蔣
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 將 (OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 將 (OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiúnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiáng • Middle-Chinese : tsjangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsjang
|A Warring States-era state in modern-day Henan, China • a surname • Alternative form of 獎／奖 (jiǎng) ‖ Manchurian wild rice (Zizania latifolia)
|
|Manchurian wild rice (Zizania latifolia, or Hydropyrum latifolium)
|蔣 • (jang) · 蔣 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
|Manchurian wild rice (Zizania latifolia, or Hydropyrum latifolium)
|Hán-Nôm : tưởng
|
|蔣
|-
|蔭
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrɯms) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 陰 (OC *qrɯm). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrɯms) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 陰 (OC *qrɯm). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'imH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ìm • Middle-Chinese : 'imH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ńg
|shade of a tree; shadow • a surname ‖ without sunlight, cool and wet • to hide from view; to conceal; to cover • to protect; to shelter • favor from one's ancestors • (obsolete) cellar, darkroom ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 影
| ‖ 蔭(いん) • (in) ‖ 蔭(おん) • (on) ‖ 蔭(おん) • (on)
| ‖ shade of the tree; shadow of the sun • backing; assistance; shelter • (historical) benefit (such as position, rank) from one's ancestor ‖ (historical) benefit (such as position, rank) from one's ancestor ‖ (historical) under the Ritsuryō system,
|蔭 • (eum) · 蔭 • (eum) (hangeul 음, revised eum, McCune–Reischauer ŭm, Yale um)
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|
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|蔭
|-
|蕃
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pan, *ban) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 番 (OC *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban). \ The same word as 繁 (OC *ban). Cognate with Tibetan དཔལ (dpal, “glory; splendor; abundance; magnificence”) (Unger, 1986). ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huân • Middle-Chinese : bjon ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huan • Middle-Chinese : pjon ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bo³
|(literary) luxuriant; lush • (literary) abundant; numerous • (literary) to breed; to multiply; to proliferate ‖ Alternative form of 藩 (“to shield; to protect”) ‖ Alternative form of 番 (“foreign”) ‖ Only used in 吐蕃 (Tǔbō, “(historical) Tibet”) and 土蕃 (“(historical) Tibet”).
| ‖ 蕃(ばん) • (ban) ^(←ばん (ban)?)
|grow thick and full (of plant growth) • multiply, increase ‖ barbarian • (historical, Taiwan under Japanese rule, specifically) aboriginal
|蕃 • (beon) · 蕃 • (beon) (hangeul 번, revised beon, McCune–Reischauer pŏn, Yale pen)
|
|Hán-Nôm : phen • Hán-Nôm : phên • Hán-Nôm : phiên
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|蕃
|-
|蕙
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷiːds) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 惠 (OC *ɢʷiːds).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : hwejH
|orchid
|
|
|蕙 • (hye) · 蕙 • (hye) (hangeul 혜, revised hye, McCune–Reischauer hye, Yale hyey)
|
|canonical : 蕙: Hán Việt readings: huệ 蕙: Nôm readings: huệ
|chữ Hán form of huệ (“tuberose, a species of fragrant white flower”).
|蕙
|-
|蕨
|Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan སྐྱས་མ (skyas ma) ~ སྐྱེས་མ (skyes ma, “fern”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Middle-Chinese : kjwot
|bracken (Pteridium aquilinum)
| ‖ 蕨(わらび) or 蕨(ワラビ) • (warabi) ‖ 蕨(わらび) • (Warabi)
| ‖ bracken (any of several coarse ferns) ‖ Warabi (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)
|蕨 • (gwol) · 蕨 • (gwol) (hangeul 궐, revised gwol, McCune–Reischauer kwŏl, Yale kwel)
|
|
|
|蕨
|-
|蕩
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰaːŋs, *l'aːŋʔ) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 湯 (OC *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *hljaŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǒng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tňg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̄g • Middle-Chinese : dangX • Middle-Chinese : thangH
|to sway; to swing • (literary, or in compounds) to wash away; to cleanse • (literary, or in compounds) to clear away; to eliminate • to wander; to roam • (literary, or in compounds) vast and wide; broad and expansive • (literary, or in compounds) flat; level; smooth • (literary, or in compounds) unconstrained and doing whatever one wants
|
|
|蕩 (eumhun 방탕할 탕 (bangtanghal tang))
|hanja form of 탕 (“wander”)
|Hán-Nôm : đãng • Hán-Nôm : đảng • Hán-Nôm : đẵng • Hán-Nôm : thững • Hán-Nôm : dãng • Hán-Nôm : vảng
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|蕩
|-
|蕪
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bû • Middle-Chinese : mju
|full of weed; overgrown with weed [from Old Chinese] • disused cropland; thickly-grown grassland; weed-choked land [from Old Chinese] • (figurative) of a turgid literary style [from Middle Chinese]
| ‖ 蕪(かぶ) • (kabu) ‖ 蕪(かぶら) • (kabura)
|turnip ‖ turnip ‖ turnip
|蕪 • (mu) · 蕪 • (mu) (hangeul 무, revised mu, McCune–Reischauer mu, Yale mu)
|
|Hán-Nôm : vu
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|蕪
|-
|蕭
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siau • Middle-Chinese : sew
|(obsolete) Chinese mugwort (Artemisia argyi) • desolate; bleak • (obsolete) Alternative form of 肅／肃 (“respectful”) • (～國) (historical) Xiao (an ancient state during the Spring and Autumn period, located in modern-day Xiao County, Anhui) • (～縣) Xiao County (a county of Anhui, China) • a surname
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|
|蕭 • (so) · 蕭 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tiêu
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|蕭
|-
|薑
|Originally 䕬, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaŋ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 彊 (OC *kaŋs, *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ). \ Note that the simplified form 姜 (OC *klaŋ) is also a traditional character on its own. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kjaŋ (“ginger”). Compare Burmese ချင်း (hkyang:).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiaunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiang • Middle-Chinese : kjang
|ginger
|
|ginger
|薑 • (gang) · 薑 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)
|
|Hán-Nôm : gừng • Hán-Nôm : khương • Hán-Nôm : cưng ‖
| ‖ Nôm form of gừng (“ginger”).
|薑
|-
|薔
|;Etymology 1 \ ;Etymology 2 ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dzjang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Middle-Chinese : srik
|Only used in 薔薇／蔷薇 (qiángwēi). ‖ (obsolete) hydropiper (Persicaria hydropiper) • a surname
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|
|薔 (eumhun 장미 장 (jangmi jang)) ‖ 薔 (eumhun 물여뀌 색 (muryeokkwi saek))
|hanja form of 장 (“rose”) ‖ hanja form of 색 (“hydropiper”)
|Hán-Nôm : tường • Hán-Nôm : sắc
|
|薔
|-
|薛
|
|Cantonese · Jyutping : sit³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄝ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siat • Middle-Chinese : sjet
|kind of marsh grass • name of a feudal state • a surname
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|
|薛 • (seol) · 薛 • (seol) (hangeul 설, revised seol, McCune–Reischauer sŏl, Yale sel)
|
|canonical : 薛: Hán Việt readings: tiết • canonical : tuyết 薛: Nôm readings: tiết
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|薛
|-
|薜
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beːɡs, *preːɡ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beːɡs, *preːɡ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beːɡs, *preːɡ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beːɡs, *preːɡ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beːɡs, *preːɡ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē • Middle-Chinese : bejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baak³ • Middle-Chinese : peak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄞˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ
|Used in 薜荔 (bìlì) and 薜羅／薜罗. • ^‡ type of grass • a surname. ‖ Angelica sinensis (type of medicinal herb) • mountain hemp (Ribes manshuricum) ‖ Alternative form of 劈 (“to rupture”) ‖ ^‡ type of aquatic plant ‖ Alternative form of 僻 (“remote; secluded”)
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|
|薜 • (byeok, pye) · 薜 • (byeok, pye) (hangeul 벽, 폐, revised byeok, pye, McCune–Reischauer pyŏk, p'ye, Yale pyek, phyey)
|
|Hán-Nôm : bệ
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|薜
|-
|薦
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and jiajie (假借) : 艸 (“grass”) + 廌 (“wild beast”) - "pasture". Later borrowed for sound to mean "recommend".
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiān • Middle-Chinese : tsenH
|to offer; to present • to recommend; to suggest; to endorse • (literary) to sacrifice • (literary) sacrifice; offering • (alt. form 荐) fodder grass • (alt. form 荐) straw mat • (alt. form 荐) repeatedly • (anatomy) Alternative name for 骶 (dǐ, “sacrum”).
|
|recommend, advise • mat
|薦 • (cheon) · 薦 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen)
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|Hán-Nôm : tiến
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|薦
|-
|薩
|Evolved from some variant of 薛. \ The surname originated from the Hui artist 薩都剌 (Sadula) in Yuan dynasty and was clipping of his original name.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : saat³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat • Middle-Chinese : sat
|Short for 菩薩／菩萨 (púsà). • a surname
| ‖ 薩(さつ) • (satsu) ^(←さつ (satu)?)
| ‖ Short for 薩摩 (Satsuma, “Satsuma (a former domain in Japan)”).
|薩 • (sal) · 薩 • (sal) (hangeul 살, revised sal, McCune–Reischauer sal, Yale sal)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tát
|
|薩
|-
|薰
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰun, *qʰuns) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 熏 (OC *qʰun).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hun • Middle-Chinese : xjun • Middle-Chinese : xjunH
|fragrance of flowers • coumarou, tonka bean • (Min) cigarette; smoke (Classifier: 支 mn) • to smoke • to cauterize
|
|smoke • scent • parfume • smolder
|薰 • (hun) · 薰 • (hun) (hangeul 훈, revised hun, McCune–Reischauer hun, Yale hwun)
|
|Hán-Nôm : huân
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|薰
|-
|藐
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mawʔ, *mraːwɢ) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 貌 (OC *mreːwɢs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : miu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biáu • Middle-Chinese : mjiewX • Middle-Chinese : maewk
|^† small; young • ^† to look down on; to think little of • ^† Alternative form of 邈 (miǎo, “faraway; distant”)
|
|
|藐 • (myo) · 藐 • (myo) (hangeul 묘, revised myo, McCune–Reischauer myo, Yale myo)
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|Hán-Nôm : miểu • Hán-Nôm : diểu
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|藐
|-
|藪
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sóo • Middle-Chinese : suwX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau³
|shallow lake overgrown with wild plants • gathering place ‖ (Cantonese, Hakka) Alternative form of 竇／窦 (dòu, “nest; den; home”) (chiefly used in place names.)
| ‖ 藪(やぶ) • (yabu) ‖ 藪(やぶ) • (Yabu)
|thicket, grove, copse • collection ‖ a thicket, grove, copse (as of trees, shrubs, or bamboo) • Short for 藪医者 (yabu isha): a poor doctor • Short for 藪入り (yabuiri): a holiday granted to servants on the 16th day of the first and seventh months • Short for 藪睨み (yabunirami): a squint; a misguided thinking or view • Short for 藪蕎麦 (yabusoba): a type of soba made from green buckwheat without the endocarp removed; a shop selling soba in this method ‖ a surname
|藪 • (su) · 藪 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|
|
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|藪
|-
|藹
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ài • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ái • Middle-Chinese : 'ajH
|amiable; nice; kind • (literary) lush; exuberant • a surname
|
|
|藹 • (ae) · 藹 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ay)
|
|
|
|藹
|-
|藺
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līn • Middle-Chinese : linH
|(obsolete) common rush; soft rush • a surname
| ‖ 藺(い) • (i) ^(←ゐ (wi)?)
|rush, used for tatami covers ‖ a bulrush, a rush
|藺 • (rin>in) · 藺 • (rin>in) (hangeul 린>인, revised rin>in, McCune–Reischauer rin>in, Yale lin>in)
|
|Hán-Nôm : lận
|
|藺
|-
|蘆
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raː, *ra) : semantic 艹 (“plant”) + phonetic 盧 (OC *b·raː). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raː, *ra) : semantic 艹 (“plant”) + phonetic 盧 (OC *b·raː). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raː, *ra) : semantic 艹 (“plant”) + phonetic 盧 (OC *b·raː).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : lu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Middle-Chinese : ljo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˇ
|reed • root of shepherd's purse • Used in 蘆菔／芦菔 (lúfú). • Used in 葫蘆／葫芦 (húlu). • a surname ‖ Only used in 漏蘆／漏芦 (lòulú). ‖ Only used in 油葫蘆／油葫芦 (yóuhúlú).
|
|reed, rush (plant)
|蘆 • (ro, no, yeo) · 蘆 • (ro, no, yeo) (hangeul 로, 노, 여, revised ro, no, yeo, McCune–Reischauer ro, no, yŏ, Yale lo, no, ye)
|
|Hán-Nôm : lô • Hán-Nôm : lư • Hán-Nôm : lựa • Hán-Nôm : tuấn
|
|蘆
|-
|蘊
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quns) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 縕. \ Compare 韞／韫 (yùn). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ùn • Middle-Chinese : 'jun ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan¹
|(literary) to accumulate; to hold in store; to contain • (literary) profoundness; profundity • (Buddhism) skandha ‖ mare's tail, water plants of the genus Hippuris
| ‖ 蘊(うん) • (un) ‖ 蘊(うん) • (un) ‖ 蘊(おさむ) • (Osamu) ^(←をさむ (wosamu)?)
|pile up • deep inside • aggregate ‖ pile up; gather; accumulate • depths; bottom; interior • (Buddhism) skandha (aggregate) ‖ abundance, plentifulness • (Buddhism) a skandha (aggregate) ‖ a male given name
|蘊 • (on) · 蘊 • (on) (hangeul 온, revised on, McCune–Reischauer on, Yale on)
|
|Hán-Nôm : uẩn • Hán-Nôm : uẫn
|
|蘊
|-
|蘋
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pông ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bjin
|Used in 蘋果／苹果 (píngguǒ, “apple”). • Used in 蘋婆／苹婆 (píngpó, “Chinese chestnut”). ‖ water clover, clover fern (family Marsileaceae)
|
|
|蘋 • (bin) · 蘋 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tần • Hán-Nôm : tằn • Hán-Nôm : thài
|
|蘋
|-
|蘚
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin² • Middle-Chinese : sjenX
|lichen, moss
|
|
|蘚 • (seon) · 蘚 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tiển
|
|蘚
|-
|蘸
|Unknown. ‖ Vernacular reading of 染 (MC nyemX, “to dye; to be stained with”) (Bai, 2003). ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zaam³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàm • Middle-Chinese : tsreamH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : jaam⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jaam² ‖
|to dip in; to submerge in (sauce, ink, etc.) ‖ (Cantonese) to dip in (sauce, ink, etc.) ‖ (Taishanese) to dip in (sauce, ink, etc.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|蘸
|-
|蘿
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːl) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 羅 (OC *raːl).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâ • Middle-Chinese : la
|(botany) creeping or trailing plants
| ‖ 蘿(かげ) • (kage)
|creeper ‖ wolf's-foot clubmoss (Lycopodium clavatum)
|蘿 • (ra>na) · 蘿 • (ra>na) (hangeul 라>나, revised ra>na, McCune–Reischauer ra>na, Yale la>na)
|
|Hán-Nôm : la • Hán-Nôm : lá
|leaf
|蘿
|-
|虔
|According to the Shuowen Jiezi, Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡren) : phonetic 文 (OC *mɯn) + semantic 虍. \ According to Li Xueqin (2012), the phonetic component is instead 虍 (OC *qʰaː). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiân • Middle-Chinese : gjen ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kian
|reverent; devout; pious; respectful; sincere • (obsolete) looking like a tiger walking; strong; powerful • ^† to kill; to slaughter; to murder • ^† to plunder; to loot; to seize • a surname ‖ (chiefly Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) Alternative form of 堅／坚 (“to congeal; to encrust”)
|
|respect
|虔 (eumhun 공경할 건 (gonggyeonghal geon))
|
|Hán-Nôm : kiền
|
|虔
|-
|虚
|
|
|
|
|emptiness, void • falsehood, lie
|
|
|
|
|虚
|-
|虧
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷral) : phonetic 雐 (OC *qʰʷlaː) + semantic 亏 (“exhale”). \ ; “quecto-”
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khui • Middle-Chinese : khjwe
|to lose; to suffer losses • to be lacking; to be deficient • to treat unfairly • luckily; it is fortunate that; thanks to • used to show irony with a note of reproach • (Cantonese) weak; unhealthy • (Cantonese) not very functional; easy to break • (Mainland China) quecto- (SI unit prefix)
|
|wane (moon)
|虧 • (hyu) · 虧 • (hyu) (hangeul 휴, revised hyu, McCune–Reischauer hyu, Yale hyu)
|lose, fail • damage • deficient
|Hán-Nôm : khuy • Hán-Nôm : khuya • Hán-Nôm : khuây
|
|虧
|-
|虱
|
|
|
| ‖ 虱(しらみ) or 虱(シラミ) • (shirami)
|louse ‖ a sucking louse, especially the head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis)
|虱 • (seul) · 虱 • (seul) (hangeul 슬, revised seul, McCune–Reischauer sŭl, Yale sul)
|
|
|
|虱
|-
|蚕
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˇ • Middle-Chinese : thenX
|Only used in 蜸蚕 (qiǎntiǎn, “earthworm”).
| ‖ 蚕(かいこ) or 蚕(カイコ) • (kaiko) ^(←かひこ (kafiko)?) ‖ 蚕(こ) • (ko)
|silkworm ‖ the silkworm (Bombyx mori) • the larva of a silkworm • sericulture • (slang, used by criminals) silk (of clothing) ‖ (obsolete) silkworm
|蚕 • (cheon, jam) · 蚕 • (cheon, jam) (hangeul 천, 잠, revised cheon, jam, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, cham, Yale chen, cam)
|
|
|
|蚕
|-
|蚩
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Middle-Chinese : tsyhi
|(literary) ignorant; stupid; rude; rustic • (literary) Alternative form of 媸 (chī, “ugly”) • (literary) Alternative form of 嗤 (chī, “to jeer at; to sneer”) • ^‡ a kind of worm (Shuowen) • a surname
|
|
|蚩 • (chi) · 蚩 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi)
|
|Hán-Nôm : si • Hán-Nôm : xi
|
|蚩
|-
|蚱
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsà • Middle-Chinese : tsraek
|Only used in 蚱蜢 (zhàměng), etc.
|
|
|蚱 (eum 책 (chaek))
|
|
|
|蚱
|-
|蚶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢaːm, *ɢaːm) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ham • Middle-Chinese : xam
|ark clam
|
|ark shell
|
|
|
|
|蚶
|-
|蛆
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsa, *sʰa) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Middle-Chinese : tshjo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsjo
|maggot • (figurative, derogatory) despicable person • (Southern Min, Puxian Min) wriggler; wiggler; mosquito larva • (Taiwan, neologism, slang, derogatory) supporters of Kuomintang (KMT) ‖ Only used in 蝍蛆 (jíjū).
|
|
|蛆 (eum 저 (jeo))
|
|
|
|蛆
|-
|蛔
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huê
|Used in 蛔蟲／蛔虫 (huíchóng). • tapeworm • (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, derogatory) Muslim
|
|intestinal worms
|蛔 • (hoe) · 蛔 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy)
|
|Hán-Nôm : hồi
|
|蛔
|-
|蛟
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːw) : semantic 虫 (“creature”) + phonetic 交 (OC *kreːw). \ Possibly connected with Burmese ခြူး (hkru:, “a type of beast”) and Tibetan ཀླུ (klu, “serpent, naga”) (Schuessler, 2007). However, Schuessler (2007) notices phonological differences between Old Chinese and Written Tibetan.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kau • Middle-Chinese : kaew
|(～龍) (Chinese mythology) mythical flood dragon • aquatic reptile, including the soft-shelled turtle and the alligator • Alternative form of 鮫／鲛 (jiāo, “shark”)
|
|A Water Spirit, generally portrayed as a dragon.
|蛟 • (gyo) · 蛟 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
|
|Hán-Nôm : giao
|
|蛟
|-
|蛭
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːɡ, *tiɡ, *tjiɡ) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 至 (OC *tjiɡs) \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-liːt (“leech (water-, horse-)”) (STEDT).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zat⁶ • Middle-Chinese : tsyit • Middle-Chinese : trit • Middle-Chinese : tet
|leech
| ‖ 蛭(ひる) or 蛭(ヒル) • (hiru)
| ‖ a leech
|蛭 • (jil) · 蛭 • (jil) (hangeul 질, revised jil, McCune–Reischauer chil, Yale cil)
|(거머리) leech
|Hán-Nôm : điệt
|
|蛭
|-
|蛮
|Simplified from 蠻 (龻 → 𰁜)
|
|
|
|barbarian
|蛮 • (man) · 蛮 • (man) (hangeul 만, McCune–Reischauer man, Yale man)
|
|
|
|蛮
|-
|蛹
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng • Middle-Chinese : yowngX
|(biology) pupa, chrysalis
|
|chrysalis, pupa
|蛹 • (yong) · 蛹 • (yong) (hangeul 용)
|(번데기): pupa, chrysalis
|Hán-Nôm : dũng • Hán-Nôm : nhộng • Hán-Nôm : dõng • Hán-Nôm : thuồng
|
|蛹
|-
|蜃
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djɯns, *djɯnʔ, *djins) : phonetic 辰 (OC *djɯn) + semantic 虫 (“insect”). \ May also be an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) , with 辰 possibly being an agricultural tool made from clam, see there for more. \ Possibly related to 辰 (OC *djɯn, “5th earthly branch; dragon”) (Schuessler, 2007); see there for more. \ Carr (1990) organizes characters in the 辰 phonetic series into two groups, one of which is "dragon", which includes 蜃 as well as 晨 (OC *djɯn, “dragon star”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǐn • Middle-Chinese : dzyinX • Middle-Chinese : dzyinH
|a type of large shellfish; a type of large bivalve; clam • (mythology) the shen, a shapeshifting aquatic monster originally imagined as a clam and later as a type of dragon • (historical) ritual vessel painted with images of clam • (historical) Short for 蜃炭.
|
|
|蜃 • (sin) · 蜃 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin, Yale sin)
|
|Hán-Nôm : thận • Hán-Nôm : thẩn • Hán-Nôm : thằn
|
|蜃
|-
|蜇
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔl'ed) : phonetic 折 (OC *l'eːl, *ʔljed, *ɦljed) + semantic 虫 (“insect; creature”). \ Possibly related to 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds, “scorpion”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiat • Middle-Chinese : trjet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiat
|(of bees, scorpions, etc.) to sting; to bite • to sting; to smart ‖ jellyfish
|
|
|
|
|
|
|蜇
|-
|蜕
|
|
|
|
|
|蜕 • (se) · 蜕 • (se) (hangeul 세, revised se, McCune–Reischauer se, Yale sey)
|
|
|
|蜕
|-
|蜢
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maang⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bíng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mé • Middle-Chinese : maengX
|Only used in 蚱蜢 (zhàměng), 草蜢 (cǎoměng) etc.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|蜢
|-
|蜥
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Middle-Chinese : sek
|Only used in 蜥蜴 (xīyì); also used as its short form.
|
|
|蜥 • (seok) · 蜥 • (seok) (hangeul 석, revised seok, McCune–Reischauer sŏk, Yale sek)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tích
|
|蜥
|-
|蜴
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jik⁶ • Middle-Chinese : yek
|Used in compounds.
|
|
|蜴 • (cheok) · 蜴 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek)
|
|Hán-Nôm : dịch
|
|蜴
|-
|蜿
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Middle-Chinese : 'jwon • Middle-Chinese : 'wan • Middle-Chinese : 'jwonX
|
|
|meandering
|蜿 • (won) · 蜿 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)
|
|
|
|蜿
|-
|蝕
|Same word as 食 (OC *lɯɡs, *ɦljɯɡ, “to eat”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ From 折.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sit • Middle-Chinese : zyik ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : sit⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍h
|to corrode; to erode • (astronomy) to eclipse • (Hokkien) to wane; to fade away; to regress; to dissipate ‖ (Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min, Wu) to lose money • (Cantonese) to have struck a bad bargain; to be at a disadvantage; to lose out • (Cantonese) to wear due to constant friction
| ‖ 蝕(しょく) • (shoku)
| ‖ eclipse; erosion, corrosion
|蝕 • (sik) · 蝕 • (sik) (hangeul 식, revised sik, McCune–Reischauer sik, Yale sik)
|
|Hán-Nôm : thực
|
|蝕
|-
|蝦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰraː, *ɡraː) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 叚 (OC *kraːʔ). \ Related to 赮 (OC *ɡraː, “red”), 霞 (OC *ɡraː, “rosy clouds”), 瑕 (OC *ɡraː, “jade with some red”) (Wang, 1982). \ ;“fan of Xiao Zhan” ‖  ‖ Compare Zhuang ha (“to intimidate; to bully”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hêe ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hae ‖
|shrimp; prawn; lobster (Classifier: 隻／只 m c mn; 尾 m mn) • to bend; to curve; to flex • (slang) fan of Xiao Zhan ‖ Only used in 蝦蟆／虾蟆. ‖ (Cantonese, Hakka, Southwestern Mandarin, Zhongshan Min) to bully; to pick on
|
|shrimp, prawn, lobster
|蝦 • (ha) · 蝦 • (ha) (hangeul 하, McCune–Reischauer ha, Yale ha)
|
|Hán-Nôm : hà
|
|蝦
|-
|蝨
|Characters in the same phonetic series (卂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sriɡ) : phonetic 卂 (OC *sins, *tods) + semantic 䖵. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-r(j)ik (“louse”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siat • Middle-Chinese : srit
|louse • (literary, figurative) parasite
| ‖ 蝨(しらみ) or 蝨(シラミ) • (shirami)
|sucking louse ‖ Alternative spelling of 虱 (“sucking louse”)
|蝨 • (seul) · 蝨 • (seul) (hangeul 슬, revised seul, McCune–Reischauer sŭl, Yale sul)
|
|canonical : 蝨: Hán Việt readings: sắt
|
|蝨
|-
|蝸
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːl, *kʷroːl) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kroj (“shellfish, shell”). From the same root derives 螺 (OC *roːl, “aquatic snail”). \ Perhaps related to Proto-Mon-Khmer *kloʔ (“snail, shellfish”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wo¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Middle-Chinese : kwea • Middle-Chinese : kwae
|terrestrial snail
|
|snail
|蝸 • (wa) · 蝸 • (wa) (hangeul 와, revised wa, McCune–Reischauer wa, Yale wa)
|
|Hán-Nôm : oa
|
|蝸
|-
|螂
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : long⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bông • Middle-Chinese : ljang • Middle-Chinese : lang
|Used in compounds.
|
|mantis
|螂 • (rang>nang) · 螂 • (rang>nang) (hangeul 랑>낭, revised rang>nang, McCune–Reischauer rang>nang, Yale lang>nang)
|
|Hán-Nôm : lang
|
|螂
|-
|螞
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ). \ Traditionally thought to be the same word as 馬 (OC *mraːʔ, “horse > big”). \ Mei (1985) proposes that it is derived from 蝱 (OC *mraːŋ, “horsefly”), which he relates to Proto-Tai *m.leːŋᴬ (“insect”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ). \ Traditionally thought to be the same word as 馬 (OC *mraːʔ, “horse > big”). \ Mei (1985) proposes that it is derived from 蝱 (OC *mraːŋ, “horsefly”), which he relates to Proto-Tai *m.leːŋᴬ (“insect”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ). \ Traditionally thought to be the same word as 馬 (OC *mraːʔ, “horse > big”). \ Mei (1985) proposes that it is derived from 蝱 (OC *mraːŋ, “horsefly”), which he relates to Proto-Tai *m.leːŋᴬ (“insect”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : má • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bée ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa¹
|A prefix used in insect names. ‖ Only used in 螞蚱／蚂蚱 (màzha). ‖ Only used in 螞螂／蚂螂 (mālang).
|
|
|螞 • (ma) · 螞 • (ma) (hangeul 마, revised ma, McCune–Reischauer ma, Yale ma)
|(말거머리) horse-leech (Haemopis sanguisuga)
|
|
|螞
|-
|螟
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîng • Middle-Chinese : meng
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|
|
|螟 • (myeong) · 螟 • (myeong) (hangeul 명, revised myeong, McCune–Reischauer myŏng, Yale myeng)
|
|
|螟 (minh)
|螟
|-
|螫
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰjaːɡ) : phonetic 赦 (OC *hljaɡs) + semantic 虫 (“bug”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshioh • Middle-Chinese : syek
|(literary or Hokkien) to sting; to bite (of venomous insects such as spiders, bees, etc.) • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to use one's beak to bite or tug (of ducks, geese, etc.)
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|
|
|
|
|
|螫
|-
|螳
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Middle-Chinese : dang
|praying mantis
|
|
|螳 • (dang) · 螳 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang)
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|
|
|螳
|-
|螻
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : luw
|mole cricket
|
|
|螻 • (ru>nu) · 螻 • (ru>nu) (hangeul 루>누, revised ru>nu, McCune–Reischauer ru>nu, Yale lwu>nwu)
|
|
|
|螻
|-
|蟈
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwok³ • Middle-Chinese : kweak
|Alternative form of 蜮 (yù, “legendary creature that has three legs and harms humans”) ‖ frog or toad
|
|small green frog • cicada
|
|
|
|
|蟈
|-
|蟑
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹
|Only used in 蟑螂 (zhāngláng).
|
|
|
|
|canonical : 蟑: Hán Việt readings: chương 蟑: Nôm readings: chương
|chữ Hán form of chương (“cockroach (chương lang/蟑螂)”).
|蟑
|-
|蟒
|Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-lja(ŋ/k) (“python”), whence Proto-Loloish *laŋ¹ (“snake”), Proto-Karen *g-laŋ (“python”) (Handel, 1997; STEDT). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mong⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : báng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˇ
|python ‖
|
|
|蟒 • (mang) · 蟒 • (mang) (hangeul 망, revised mang, McCune–Reischauer mang, Yale mang)
|
|
|
|蟒
|-
|蟬
|Characters in the same phonetic series (單) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djan) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : sim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siâm • Middle-Chinese : dzyen
|cicada (Classifier: 隻／只 m c) • (literary) a type of silk as thin as a cicada's wing • (literary) cicada-shaped decoration • (literary) continuously; unendingly
|
|cicada • continuous
|蟬 • (seon) · 蟬 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen)
|cicada
|Hán-Nôm : thiền
|
|蟬
|-
|蟯
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋjew, *ʔŋew) : semantic 虫 (“worm”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liô • Middle-Chinese : nyew • Middle-Chinese : 'jiew ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngia̍uh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngiauh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngiáu
|Only used in 蟯蟲／蛲虫 (náochóng). • (Hokkien) clam • (Mainland China Hokkien) bivalve-like seafood • (Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) female genitalia; vulva ‖ (Hokkien) to wriggle; to squirm • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to nitpick; to probe (someone's mistakes, etc.) • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien, humorous) to pass away; to die
|
|
|蟯 • (yo) · 蟯 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
|
|
|
|蟯
|-
|蟹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreːʔ) : phonetic 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs) + semantic 虫. Originally written as 蠏. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-k(j)aːj (“crab”). Compare S'gaw Karen ဆွဲၣ် (hsweh̀). \ ; “to decrease in value’
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǎi • Middle-Chinese : heaX
|crab (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • (Cantonese, slang, of stocks, goods, etc.) to decrease in value, such that selling it will result in loss
| ‖ 蟹(かに) or 蟹(カニ) • (kani)
| ‖ a crab (infraorder Brachyura)
|蟹 (eumhun 게 해 (ge hae))
|crab
|Hán-Nôm : giải
|
|蟹
|-
|蟻
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋralʔ) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 義 (OC *ŋrals). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k/p/s-rwak.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gí • Middle-Chinese : ngjeX
|ant (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • (literary) foam or sediment in wine; lees • (literary) humble; inconsiderable • (literary) black • (literary) in an assembled manner • a surname
| ‖ 蟻(あり) or 蟻(アリ) • (ari) ‖ 蟻(ぎ) • (gi) ‖ 蟻(ありのこ) • (arinoko)
|ant ‖ ant ‖ ant ‖ (obsolete) an ant, particularly one without wings • (obsolete) an ant egg or larva
|蟻 (eumhun 개미 의 (gaemi ui)) ‖  ‖ 蟻(あみ) (ami)
|hanja form of 의 (“ant”) ‖ 蟻 \  • 蟻 \  ‖ ant
|Hán-Nôm : nghĩ • Hán-Nôm : nghị
|
|蟻
|-
|蠅
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *b·lɯŋ) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 黽 (OC *mlenʔ, *mliŋʔ, *mreːŋʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-b-(r/j)aŋ (“fly; bee”). Compare 虻 (OC mˁraŋ, “"horsefly"”), Tibetan སྦྲང་བུ (sbrang bu, “bee”), Burmese ယင် (yang, “fly”), Chepang याङ् (“insect; fly”), Japhug ɣʑo (“bee”) (STEDT; Coblin, 1986; Benedict, 1972; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng • Middle-Chinese : ying
|fly; housefly
| ‖ 蠅(はえ) or 蠅(ハエ) • (hae) ^(←はへ (fafe)?)
| ‖ Kyūjitai form of 蝿 (“fly”) (insect of the family Muscidae)
|蠅 (eum 승 (seung))
|
|
|
|蠅
|-
|蠍
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰad) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 歇 (OC *qʰad).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hit³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giat • Middle-Chinese : xjot
|scorpion
| ‖ 蠍(さそり) or 蠍(サソリ) • (sasori)
|scorpion ‖ a scorpion (any of various arachnids of the order Scorpiones)
|蠍 • (gal) · 蠍 • (gal) (hangeul 갈)
|
|Hán-Nôm : hiết • Hán-Nôm : hạt • Hán-Nôm : yết
|
|蠍
|-
|蠔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 豪 (OC *ɡaːw).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ô
|oyster
|
|
|蠔 • (ho) · 蠔 • (ho) (hangeul 호, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)
|
|Hán-Nôm : hào • Hán-Nôm : hàu • Hán-Nôm : hầu
|oyster
|蠔
|-
|蠟
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːb) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 巤 (OC *rab). \ Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-krjap (“bug; ant; insect (lac); cochineal”); cognate with Burmese ချိပ် (hkyip, “lac”), Proto-Loloish *C-gripᴸ (“lac; pine”), Jingpho krep (“bedbug”), Proto-Kiranti *khrep (“bug; ant”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). \ However, this word is not attested until the 2nd to 3rd century (Ferlus, 2012b) (earliest attested in Comments of a Recluse (潛夫論) by Wang Fu (王符)). It may instead be a borrowing from Proto-Vietic *k-raːp (“wax”) (Ferlus, 2012; Jacques, 2016b).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍p • Middle-Chinese : lap
|wax • candle (Classifier: 根 m; 枝 m) • light yellow
| ‖
|wax • candle • waxy • glazed ‖
|蠟 (eumhun 밀 랍 (mil rap), word-initial (South Korea) 밀 납 (mil nap))
|hanja form of 랍/납 (“wax”) • hanja form of 랍/납 (“candle”)
|Hán-Nôm : rệp • Hán-Nôm : lạp • Hán-Nôm : sáp
|
|蠟
|-
|蠡
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Middle-Chinese : lje • Middle-Chinese : lwa • Middle-Chinese : lejX
|
|
|
|蠡 • (ryeo>yeo) · 蠡 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
|
|Hán-Nôm : lãi
|
|蠡
|-
|蠣
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·rads) : semantic 虫 (“insect; bug; creature”) + phonetic 厲 (OC *m·rads).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Middle-Chinese : ljejH
|oyster
|
|oyster
|蠣 • (ryeo>yeo) · 蠣 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
|
|Hán-Nôm : lệ • Hán-Nôm : lị
|
|蠣
|-
|蠱
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 蟲 (“insects”) + 皿 (“container”) – poisonous insects raised in a container. \ Unclear (Schuessler, 2007). \ “Affair” may be related to 故 (OC *kaːs, “happening; incident”). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo • Middle-Chinese : kuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ
|(historical) a type of artificially cultivated poisonous insect; the one insect remaining in the vessel where toxic insects are allowed to eat each other • insect that grows on rotting grain; pest; vermin • hot, noxious air that harms people; miasma • to entice; to bewitch • malevolent sorcery, including charms, curses and prayers to evil spirits • affair; matter • 18th hexagram of the I Ching (䷑) ‖ Alternative form of 冶 (yě, “bewitchingly pretty; seductive”)
|
|
|蠱 • (go) · 蠱 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|
|
|
|蠱
|-
|蠶
|Bodman (1980) relates this to Tibetan སྡོམ (sdom, “spider”). Perhaps cognate to 蔪 (OC *zamʔ, “entwine”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâm • Middle-Chinese : dzom
|silkworm
|
|
|
|silkworm
|Hán-Nôm : tàm • Hán-Nôm : tằm
|
|蠶
|-
|蠹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːɡs) : phonetic 橐 (OC *tʰaːɡ) + semantic 䖵 (“insect”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou³ • Middle-Chinese : tuH
|insect that eats through paper, clothes, wood, etc. • insect that eats through paper, clothes, wood, etc. · (specifically) silverfish • (figuratively) harmful person; vermin • to erode; to eat away at • moth-eaten; worm-eaten
|
|
|蠹 • (du) · 蠹 • (du) (hangeul 두, revised du, McCune–Reischauer tu, Yale twu)
|
|
|
|蠹
|-
|蠻
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mroːn) : phonetic 䜌 (OC *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons) + semantic 虫 (“snake”). \ Possibly related to Burmese မြန်မာ (mranma, “Myanmar; Burma; Burmese”), Tibetan བྲན (bran, “servant, slave”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bân • Middle-Chinese : maen
|(historical, derogatory) A collective name for all non-Han ethnic groups south of Han areas of China in any given era. • barbarous; savage; uncivilised • rough; rude; unreasonable • rash; hot-headed • valiantly; uncouthly; vulgarly • (colloquial) very; quite
|
|barbarian
|蠻 (eumhun 오랑캐 만 (orangkae man))
|hanja form of 만 (“barbarian”)
|Hán-Nôm : man • Hán-Nôm : mán • Hán-Nôm : mơn
|
|蠻
|-
|衆
|
|
|
| ‖ 衆(しゅう) • (shū) ‖ 衆(しゅう) • (-shū)
| ‖ mass; many people • majority ‖
|衆 (eumhun 무리 중 (muri jung))
|hanja form of 중 (“crowd”)
|
|
|衆
|-
|衢
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷa) : semantic 行 + phonetic 瞿 (OC *kʷas, *ɡʷa).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kû • Middle-Chinese : gju
|highway • thoroughfare • intersection
|
|crossroads
|衢 • (gu) · 衢 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|highway • thoroughfare, intersection
|Hán-Nôm : cù
|
|衢
|-
|袂
| ‖ See 𣍐／𫧃. This character is recommended by Taiwan's Ministry of Education. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : māi • Middle-Chinese : mjiejH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : buē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bē ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uínn
|(literary) sleeve ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 𣍐／𫧃 ‖ (Southern Min) Alternative form of 䘼 (“sleeve”)
| ‖ 袂(たもと) • (tamoto)
|sleeve • foot (of a hill or mountain) • edge ‖ the sleeve pouch of a kimono or other Japanese clothing • a sleeve • (archaic) the upper arm • the side or edge of something (for example, a bridge) • the foot or base of something (for example, a mountain)
|袂 • (mye) · 袂 • (mye) (hangeul 몌, revised mye, McCune–Reischauer mye, Yale myey)
|
|
|
|袂
|-
|袈
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa¹ • Middle-Chinese : kae
|Only used in 袈裟 (jiāshā).
|
|
|袈 • (ga) · 袈 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka, Yale ka)
|
|Hán-Nôm : cà • Hán-Nôm : ca • Hán-Nôm : già
|
|袈
|-
|袒
|Uncertain. Schuessler (2007) gives several possibilities: \ * Related to 但 (OC *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns, “only”) (Pulleyblank, 1991c); \ * Related to 丹 (OC *taːn, “cinnabar; red”), as skin colour is often associated with "red" (Lau, 1999); \ * Related to Tibetan སྟར (star, “to clean; to polish”). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thán • Middle-Chinese : danX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : dreanH
|to bare; to strip oneself naked to the waist • to give unprincipled support; to shield ‖ Original form of 綻／绽 (zhàn, “to split at the seam”).
|
|
|袒 • (dan, tan) · 袒 • (dan, tan) (hangeul 단, 탄, revised dan, tan, McCune–Reischauer tan, t'an, Yale tan, than)
|
|
|
|袒
|-
|袞
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kluːnʔ) : semantic 衣 (“clothes”) + phonetic 㕣 (OC *kloːŋ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kún
|
|
|imperial robes
|袞 • (gon) · 袞 • (gon) (hangeul 곤, revised gon, McCune–Reischauer kon, Yale kon)
|
|Hán-Nôm : cổn • Hán-Nôm : gọn
|
|袞
|-
|装
|
|
|
|
|
|装 • (jang) · 装 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
|
|
|
|装
|-
|裊
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : phonetic 鳥 (OC *tɯːwʔ) + semantic 衣. \ Originally written 褭, see there for more.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : niu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : niu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niáu • Middle-Chinese : newX
|slender and delicate • Used in 裊裊／袅袅 (niǎoniǎo) and 裊娜／袅娜. • Alternative form of 褭／袅 (niǎo)
|
|
|裊 • (nyo>yo) · 裊 • (nyo>yo) (hangeul 뇨>요, revised nyo>yo, McCune–Reischauer nyo>yo, Yale nyo>yo)
|
|Hán-Nôm : nẻo
|
|裊
|-
|裔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *leds) : semantic 衣 (“cloth”) + phonetic 㕯 (). \ ;border \ ;posterity, descendants
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : è • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ì • Middle-Chinese : yejH
|descendant; posterity • (literary) edge; brim; margin • (literary) borderland; frontier; remote region • (literary) people of the borderlands • (literary) clothing's edge • a surname
| ‖ 裔(えい) • (ei) ^(←えい (ei)?) ‖ 裔(えい) • (ei) ^(←えい (ei)?)
|descendant • border ‖ descendants; offspring ‖ (literary) descendants
|裔 • (ye) · 裔 • (ye) (hangeul 예)
|
|
|
|裔
|-
|裘
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷɯ) : phonetic 求 (OC *ɡu) + semantic 衣 (“clothes”). \ Probably Sino-Tibetan. Various comparanda have been proposed: \ * Tibetan གྲུ (gru, “boat (of inflated hides)”) (Bodman, 1980); \ * Tamang [Term?] (¹kuri, “skin”) (Schuessler, 2007); \ * Tibetan གོས (gos, “clothes”), Japhug ŋga (“to wear”) (Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiû • Middle-Chinese : gjuw
|fur coat; fur garment • (literary) to wear a fur coat • (Southern Min) padded jacket; lined jacket • a surname
| ‖ 裘(かわごろも) • (kawagoromo)
| ‖ fur coat
|裘 • (gu) · 裘 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|
|Hán-Nôm : cừu • Hán-Nôm : cầu
|
|裘
|-
|裟
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa¹ • Middle-Chinese : srae
|Only used in 袈裟 (jiāshā).
|
|
|裟 • (sa) · 裟 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)
|
|Hán-Nôm : sa
|
|裟
|-
|裨
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi • Middle-Chinese : pjie ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pî • Middle-Chinese : bjie
|to aid; to benefit; to help • (literary) to make up; to remedy; to supplement • (literary) to add to; to complement ‖ (literary) secondary; assistant; minor; small • (literary) second-class formal attire worn in sacrificial rites in ancient China • a surname
|
|aid, help
|裨 • (bi) · 裨 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|
|
|
|裨
|-
|裴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *buːl, *bɯl) : phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl) + semantic 衣 (“clothing”). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puê • Middle-Chinese : bwoj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˊ • Middle-Chinese : bj+j
|^† (of clothing) long • Used in 裴回 • a surname ‖ Only used in 即裴.
|
|
|裴 (eum 배 (bae))
|
|Hán-Nôm : bùi
|Chữ Hán form of Bùi (“a surname from Chinese.”).
|裴
|-
|褓
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou² • Middle-Chinese : pawX
|(literary) swaddling clothes
|
|
|褓 • (bo) · 褓 • (bo) (hangeul 보, revised bo, McCune–Reischauer po, Yale po)
|
|
|
|褓
|-
|褚
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taʔ, *tʰaʔ) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taʔ, *tʰaʔ) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thú • Middle-Chinese : trhjoX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu² • Middle-Chinese : trjoX
|a surname ‖ silk wadding; stuffing in clothing • Alternative form of 貯／贮 (zhù, “to collect; to store up; stored goods”) • bag; container for goods
|
|bag
|褚 • (jeo) · 褚 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)
|vest • bag
|canonical : 褚: Hán Việt readings: trử 褚: Nôm readings: chử
|
|褚
|-
|褫
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci² • Middle-Chinese : drje • Middle-Chinese : drjeX • Middle-Chinese : trhjeX • Middle-Chinese : trhiX
|to take off • to strip; to deprive
|
|
|褫 • (chi) · 褫 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi)
|
|
|
|褫
|-
|褲
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷaːs) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 庫 (OC *kʰaːs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khòo • Middle-Chinese : khuH
|pants; trousers (Classifier: 條／条 c; 領／领 mn)
|
|pants, trousers
|褲 (eumhun 바지 고 (baji go)) ‖ 褲 (eumhun 사타구니 과 (sataguni gwa))
|trousers, pants (US) ‖ (anatomy) groin, crotch
|Hán-Nôm : khố
|
|褲
|-
|褸
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roː, *roʔ) : semantic 衣 (“clothes”) + phonetic 婁 (OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro). ‖ From 摟／搂 (lau1, “to drape”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁵ • Middle-Chinese : luw • Middle-Chinese : ljuX ‖
|Used in 襤褸／褴褛 (lánlǚ). ‖ (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew) coat
|
|rag • collar, neck
|褸 • (ru>nu) · 褸 • (ru>nu) (hangeul 루>누, revised ru>nu, McCune–Reischauer ru>nu, Yale lwu>nwu)
|
|
|
|褸
|-
|褻
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋed) : phonetic 衣 (OC *qɯl, *qɯls, “clothes”) + semantic 埶.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sit³ • Middle-Chinese : sjet
|licentious; intimate; light-hearted • disrespectful • (obsolete) close-fitting underwear • (obsolete) casual clothes worn at home
| ‖ 褻(け) • (ke)
|(け) informal • (けがす) defile, profane ‖ informal; everyday affairs
|褻 • (seol) · 褻 • (seol) (hangeul 설, revised seol, McCune–Reischauer sŏl, Yale sel)
|
|
|
|褻
|-
|襄
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *snaŋ) : phonetic 𤕦 () + semantic 衣 (Li Xueqin, 2012). \ ; “to remove”
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siang • Middle-Chinese : sjang
|(literary) to aid; to help; to assist • (literary) to accomplish; to achieve; to complete • (literary) to remove • (literary) to raise up; to ascend over • (literary) tall; high • Alternative form of 驤／骧 (xiāng) • Alternative form of 攘 • a surname
|
|To rise; raise
|襄 (eumhun 도울 양 (doul yang))
|
|Hán-Nôm : tương
|
|襄
|-
|襖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːʔ, *quːʔ) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 奧 (OC *quːɡs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : áu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ó • Middle-Chinese : 'awX
|(Chinese-style) coat; jacket
| ‖ 襖(ふすま) • (fusuma)
|opaque sliding door ‖ (architecture) fusuma, a sliding panel
|襖 • (o) · 襖 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o)
|
|Hán-Nôm : áo
|
|襖
|-
|襠
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːŋ) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 當 (OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tong • Middle-Chinese : tang
|crotch (of pants) • crotch (area between legs) • sleeveless garment; vest; waistcoat
| ‖ 襠(まち) • (machi)
| ‖ gusset, gore, godet
|襠 • (dang) · 襠 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang)
|
|
|
|襠
|-
|襤
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːm) : semantic 衣 (“clothes”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lam • Middle-Chinese : lam
|garments without hems • Used in 襤褸／褴褛 (lánlǚ).
|
|rag
|襤 • (ram>nam) · 襤 • (ram>nam) (hangeul 람>남, revised ram>nam, McCune–Reischauer ram>nam, Yale lam>nam)
|
|
|
|襤
|-
|襪
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mad) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 蔑 (OC *meːd, *meːd).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : be̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : be̍rh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bue̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bēr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bua̍t • Middle-Chinese : mjot
|sock; stocking (Classifier: 隻／只 c; 對／对 c)
| ‖ 襪(しとうず) • (shitōzu)
|socks ‖ (clothing) ankle-tied silk socks, worn by high nobles in formal court dress and priests.
|襪 • (mal) · 襪 • (mal) (hangeul 말, revised mal, McCune–Reischauer mal, Yale mal)
|(버선 말, beoseon-): socks, footmuffs of Korean tradition
|
|
|襪
|-
|襯
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : can³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshàn • Middle-Chinese : tsrhinH
|inner garment • lining; liner • to line; to place underneath • to set off; to serve as a foil; to contrast; to make stand out against the background • (alt. form 儭／𠋆, 嚫／𰈍) to give alms; to donate for charity • (Cantonese) to match (of clothes)
|
|
|襯 (eum 친 (chin))
|
|Hán-Nôm : sấn
|
|襯
|-
|覃
| ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâm • Middle-Chinese : dom ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cam⁴
|(obsolete) long • (obsolete) to spread; to extend • (obsolete) to widely bestow • (literary) deep; profound • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 剡 (yǎn, “sharp; pointed”) ‖ a surname
|
|deep, extend, large
|覃 (eum 담 (dam))
|
|Hán-Nôm : đàm
|
|覃
|-
|覓
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 爪 (“hand”) + 見 (“to see”). ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bi̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ba̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bā • Middle-Chinese : mek ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : bāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : māi ‖  ‖
|to search for; to seek; to hunt out for; to look into; to look out for; to investigate; to explore; to inquire into; to research ‖ (Hokkien) to inspect; to probe; to see; to examine face-to-face; to visit and inquire about • (Hokkien) give something a go; give something a try (used after a verb) ‖ (Hainanese, Leizhou Min) to look for; to seek ‖ (Teochew) Alternative form of 揣 (“to look for; to seek”)
|
|
|覓 • (myeok) · 覓 • (myeok) (hangeul 멱, revised myeok, McCune–Reischauer myŏk, Yale myek)
|
|Hán-Nôm : mạch • Hán-Nôm : mích • Hán-Nôm : mịch
|
|覓
|-
|覦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lo, *los) : phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo) + semantic 見 (“to see”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Middle-Chinese : yu • Middle-Chinese : yuH
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|覦
|-
|覬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯls) : phonetic 豈 (OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ) + semantic 見 (“to see”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei³ • Middle-Chinese : kijH
|
|
|coveting high rank
|覬 • (gi) · 覬 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|
|
|
|覬
|-
|覲
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìnn • Middle-Chinese : ginH
|to have an audience (with the Emperor, leader, president, etc.)
|
|
|覲 • (geun) · 覲 • (geun) (hangeul 근, revised geun, McCune–Reischauer kŭn, Yale kun)
|
|Hán-Nôm : cận
|
|覲
|-
|触
|Unorthodox variant simplified from 觸 (蜀 → 虫) found in the Ming dynasty orthographic dictionary 《字學三正》. Also found in 《宋元以來俗字譜》, a variant forms dictionary compiled in 1930. \ Eventually adopted as an official simplified character by the People's Republic of China in the 1956 Chinese Character Simplification Scheme. ‖ Found in the historical Kangxi dictionary published during the Qing dynasty and cited from 《古今注》, a narrative work on ancient China written by 崔豹 during the Western Jin period (265–316 AD). \ The scholars who compiled the Kangxi dictionary may have confused this character with 𩶥 which is visually similar.
| ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˊ
| ‖ ^‡ white fish with red tail See also: 魧 • ^‡ type of fish that is male
|
|to touch; to contact
|触 • (chok) · 触 • (chok) (hangeul 촉, revised chok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ok, Yale chok)
|
|Hán-Nôm : xúc
|
|触
|-
|觴
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng¹ • Middle-Chinese : syang
|(literary) wine cup; drinking vessel • (literary) to toast; to drink
|
|
|觴 (eum 상 (sang))
|
|
|
|觴
|-
|訊
|Characters in the same phonetic series (卂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sins) : semantic 言 + phonetic 卂 (OC *sins, *tods).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sìn • Middle-Chinese : sinH
|to inquire; to ask • to question; to interrogate • to call to account; to admonish • to state; to report • message; information; news • (obsolete, poetry) coda; conclusion • (obsolete) captured prisoners
|
|ask; question
|訊 • (sin) · 訊 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin, Yale sin)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tấn
|
|訊
|-
|訌
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōng • Middle-Chinese : huwng
|confusion; discord; strife; quarrel
|
|get confused
|訌 • (hong) · 訌 • (hong) (hangeul 홍, revised hong, McCune–Reischauer hong, Yale hong)
|
|
|
|訌
|-
|訕
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sraːn, *sraːns) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 山 (OC *sreːn)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suan • Middle-Chinese : sraen • Middle-Chinese : sraenH
|to mock; to slander • embarrassed; ashamed
|
|abuse • slander • vilify • ridicule
|訕 • (san) · 訕 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)
|abuse • slander • vilify • ridicule
|
|
|訕
|-
|訖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯd) : semantic 言 + phonetic 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd). \ See 暨 (jì) for etymology.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gut • Hokkien · Tai-lo : git • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gert • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kit • Middle-Chinese : kj+t
|to bring to an end; to complete; to finish; to conclude • finally; at last • all
|
|come to an end • reach • arrive at • finally
|訖 • (heul) · 訖 • (heul) (hangeul 흘, revised heul, McCune–Reischauer hŭl, Yale hul)
|
|
|
|訖
|-
|訛
|Characters in the same phonetic series (化) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋʷaːl) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls) \ Related to 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls, “to change”) (Schuessler, 2007). Possibly also related to 偽 (OC *ŋʷrals) (Schuessler, 2007), but see there for more.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngo⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Middle-Chinese : ngwa
|(literary, or in compounds) erroneous; mistaken • (literary, or in compounds) error; mistake • to extort; to blackmail • Alternative form of 吪
|
|
|訛 (eumhun 그릇될 와 (geureutdoel wa))
|hanja form of 와 (“erroneous; mistaken”)
|Hán-Nôm : ngoa • Hán-Nôm : ngỏa • Hán-Nôm : ngoả
|
|訛
|-
|訝
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaa⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gēe • Middle-Chinese : ngaeH
|to be surprised; to be astonished • Alternative form of 迓 (yà, “to meet; to welcome”)
|
|doubt
|訝 • (a) · 訝 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a, Yale a)
|
|
|
|訝
|-
|訣
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuat • Middle-Chinese : kwet
|knack; secret; trick of the trade • mnemonic chant; rhyme for remembering something; rhymed formula • to take leave of; to bid farewell • (obsolete) to bid farewell to a dead person
|
|separation • part • secret
|訣 • (gyeol) · 訣 • (gyeol) (hangeul 결, revised gyeol, McCune–Reischauer kyŏl, Yale kyel)
|take leave of • bid farewell
|canonical : 訣: Hán Việt readings: quyết
|
|訣
|-
|訥
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nuːd) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 內 (OC *nuːbs, “inside”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : neot⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lu̍t • Middle-Chinese : nwot
|slow of speech; speaking in a clumsy manner • taciturn; speaking little
|
|
|訥 (eumhun 말 더듬을 눌 (mal deodeumeul nul))
|hanja form of 눌 (“mumble; stammer”)
|Hán-Nôm : nột • Hán-Nôm : dốt • Hán-Nôm : nói • Hán-Nôm : nốt • Hán-Nôm : nuốt
|
|訥
|-
|註
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tos, *tjos) : semantic 訁 + phonetic 主 (OC *tjoʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsù • Middle-Chinese : tsyuH • Middle-Chinese : trjuH
|to annotate; to comment • to record; to register • comment; note; annotation
| ‖
|to explain in detail ‖
|註 • (ju) · 註 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)
|
|Hán-Nôm : chú • Hán-Nôm : chua
|
|註
|-
|証
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìng • Middle-Chinese : tsyengH
|(literary) to admonish
| ‖  ‖ 証(あかし) • (akashi) ‖ 証(しょう) • (shō)
|to admonish ‖ prove, verify ‖ proof, evidence, testimony ‖ proof, verification • (Buddhism) enlightenment • (traditional Chinese medicine) symptoms
|証 • (jeong) · 証 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
|
|Hán-Nôm : chứng • Hán-Nôm : chống • Hán-Nôm : chững • Hán-Nôm : chừng
|
|証
|-
|詁
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu³ • Middle-Chinese : kuX
|
|
|
|詁 • (go) · 詁 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|
|canonical : 詁: Hán Việt readings: cổ
|
|詁
|-
|詆
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tí • Middle-Chinese : dej • Middle-Chinese : tejX • Middle-Chinese : thek
|to condemn; to attack • to slander; to defame • to deceive; to cheat
|
|
|詆 • (jeo) · 詆 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)
|
|canonical : 詆: Hán Việt readings: để
|
|詆
|-
|詛
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zo³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsóo • Middle-Chinese : tsrjoH
|curse • to curse • to swear, pledge
|
|curse
|詛 • (jeo) · 詛 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)
|
|
|詛 (trớ, chú, thư, trù)
|詛
|-
|詢
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn • Middle-Chinese : swin
|to inquire into; to ask about; to consult with
|
|
|詢 • (sun) · 詢 • (sun) (hangeul 순, revised sun, McCune–Reischauer sun, Yale swun)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tuân
|
|詢
|-
|詫
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thà • Middle-Chinese : trhaeH
|to be surprised; to be astonished • (literary) to brag; to show off • (literary) to tell; to inform • (literary) to cheat; to deceive
|
|
|詫 • (ta) · 詫 • (ta) (hangeul 타, revised ta, McCune–Reischauer t'a, Yale tha)
|
|Hán-Nôm : sá
|
|詫
|-
|詬
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡˋ • Middle-Chinese : kuwX • Middle-Chinese : khuwH • Middle-Chinese : xuwH
|
|
|
|詬 • (gu) · 詬 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|
|Hán-Nôm : cấu
|
|詬
|-
|詭
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krolʔ) : semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 危 (OC *ŋrol).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuí • Middle-Chinese : kjweX
|sly; cunning; tricky; deceitful • (literary) weird; bizarre
|
|lie • deceive
|詭 • (gwe) · 詭 • (gwe) (hangeul 궤, revised gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwe, Yale kwey)
|deceive, cheat, defraud • sly
|Hán-Nôm : quỷ • Hán-Nôm : ngụy • Hán-Nôm : nguỵ
|
|詭
|-
|詹
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiam • Middle-Chinese : tsyem
|verbose; garrulous • to talk too much; to be verbose • to arrive; to reach • to manage; to administer • Alternative form of 瞻 (zhān, “to look upward or forward”) • a surname
|
|talk too much • verbose
|詹 • (cheom) · 詹 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem)
|arrive • verbose
|Hán-Nôm : chiêm
|
|詹
|-
|詼
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khue • Middle-Chinese : khwoj
|
|
|
|詼 • (hoe) · 詼 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy)
|
|canonical : 詼: Hán Việt readings: khôi
|
|詼
|-
|誅
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *to) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 朱 (OC *tjo).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Middle-Chinese : trju
|to execute; to kill; to put to death • to punish • to censure; to blame • (Cantonese, mahjong) to discard tiles such that the next player cannot improve their hand
|
|blame • kill, execute
|誅 • (ju) · 誅 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tru • Hán-Nôm : trô
|
|誅
|-
|誉
|
|
|
| ‖ 誉(たかし) • (Takashi) · 誉(ほまれ) • (Homare)
|reputation • honor • glory ‖ a male given name • a female given name
|誉 • (ye) · 誉 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey)
|
|canonical : 誉: Hán Việt readings: dự
|
|誉
|-
|誑
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwong⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwong² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong² • Middle-Chinese : kjwangH
|to deceive; to lie; to delude; to cheat
|
|
|誑 • (gwang) · 誑 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, Yale kwang)
|
|canonical : 誑: Hán Việt readings: cuống
|
|誑
|-
|誡
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯːɡs) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 戒 (OC *krɯːɡs, “guard against”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kài • Middle-Chinese : keajH
|to warn; to admonish; to caution • to take precautions; to guard against • (religion) commandments; precepts; tenets
|
|admonish • warn • prohibit
|誡 • (gye) · 誡 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye, Yale kyey)
|
|canonical : 誡: Hán Việt readings: giới
|
|誡
|-
|誣
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ma) : semantic 言 + phonetic 巫 (OC *ma).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bû • Middle-Chinese : mju
|to make false accusation; to defame • to deceive; to hoodwink
|
|
|誣 • (mu) · 誣 • (mu) (hangeul 무, revised mu, McCune–Reischauer mu, Yale mu)
|
|Hán-Nôm : vu
|
|誣
|-
|誥
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gou³ • Middle-Chinese : kawH
|to inform; to notify; to admonish; to order
|
|state • give instructions
|誥 • (go) · 誥 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|inform, notify, admonish, order
|Hán-Nôm : cáo
|
|誥
|-
|誨
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmɯːs) : semantic 言 + phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fui³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hué • Middle-Chinese : xwojH
|to teach; to instruct • to encourage; to induce
|
|instruct
|誨 • (hoe) · 誨 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy)
|
|Hán-Nôm : hối • Hán-Nôm : húi
|
|誨
|-
|說
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljods, *hljod, *lod) : semantic 言 + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds). \ All of the pronunciations of this character are in the same word family derived from a root *lo meaning “to loosen; to relax” (Schuessler, 2007). STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”). \ Pronunciation 1 is derived by causative devoicing of 悅 (OC *lod, “to relax; to be delighted”) (pronunciation 3). \ Pronunciation 2 is probably the exoactive of pronunciation 1. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljods, *hljod, *lod) : semantic 言 + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds). \ All of the pronunciations of this character are in the same word family derived from a root *lo meaning “to loosen; to relax” (Schuessler, 2007). STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”). \ Pronunciation 1 is derived by causative devoicing of 悅 (OC *lod, “to relax; to be delighted”) (pronunciation 3). \ Pronunciation 2 is probably the exoactive of pronunciation 1. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljods, *hljod, *lod) : semantic 言 + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds). \ All of the pronunciations of this character are in the same word family derived from a root *lo meaning “to loosen; to relax” (Schuessler, 2007). STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”). \ Pronunciation 1 is derived by causative devoicing of 悅 (OC *lod, “to relax; to be delighted”) (pronunciation 3). \ Pronunciation 2 is probably the exoactive of pronunciation 1. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljods, *hljod, *lod) : semantic 言 + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds). \ All of the pronunciations of this character are in the same word family derived from a root *lo meaning “to loosen; to relax” (Schuessler, 2007). STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”). \ Pronunciation 1 is derived by causative devoicing of 悅 (OC *lod, “to relax; to be delighted”) (pronunciation 3). \ Pronunciation 2 is probably the exoactive of pronunciation 1.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : seh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : serh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suat • Middle-Chinese : sywet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suè • Middle-Chinese : sywejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyut⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ywet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛ
|to say; to speak • to explain • to refer to • to discuss • to introduce; to bring parties together • to criticize; to scold; to upbraid • to perform • theory; explanation ‖ to persuade; to canvass; to lobby • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to swindle; to defraud; to cheat out of ‖ Alternative form of 悅／悦 (yuè, “happy; delighted”) ‖ Alternative form of 脫／脱 (“to free; to relieve”)
|
|opinion • theory • explanation • rumor
|說 (eumhun 말씀 설 (malsseum seol)) ‖ 說 (eumhun 달랠 세 (dallael se)) ‖ 說 (eumhun 기쁠 열 (gippeul yeol))
|hanja form of 설 (“theory, opinion, view; rumour”) [noun] • hanja form of 설 (“theory”) [suffix] • hanja form of 설 (“to explain; to speak; to talk”) [affix] ‖ hanja form of 세 (“to persuade”) [affix] ‖ hanja form of 열 (“used in personal names”) • (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 悅 (“hanja form of 열 (“to be happy”)”)
|Hán-Nôm : thuyết
|
|說
|-
|説
|
|
|
| ‖ 説(せつ) • (setsu)
|theory • explanation ‖ theory
|説 • (seol, se, yeol) · 説 • (seol, se, yeol) (hangeul 설, 세, 열, revised seol, se, yeol, McCune–Reischauer sŏl, se, yŏl, Yale sel, sey, yel)
|
|Hán-Nôm : thuyết • Hán-Nôm : thót • Hán-Nôm : thốt
|
|説
|-
|誼
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋrals) : semantic 言 + phonetic 宜 (OC *ŋral). \ In some lects, the pronunciation of 誼／谊 is the same as that of 宜 (i.e. in the light level tone (陽平／阳平)). This is the result of dubanbian (讀半邊／读半边 (dúbànbiān)).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gî • Middle-Chinese : ngjeH
|friendship • Alternative form of 義／义 (yì) • Alternative form of 議／议 (yì)
|
|friendship • closeness; intimacy
|誼 (eum 의 (ui))
|
|Hán-Nôm : nghị
|
|誼
|-
|諂
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰomʔ) : semantic 言 + phonetic 臽 (OC *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim² • Middle-Chinese : trhjemX
|^† to flatter; to truckle; to toady
|
|flatter
|諂 • (cheom) · 諂 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem)
|
|canonical : 諂: Hán Việt readings: xiểm • canonical : siểm 諂: Nôm readings: xiểm • canonical : siểm
|chữ Hán form of siểm (“to flatter”).
|諂
|-
|諄
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjun, *tjuns) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 𦎧 ().
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsun • Middle-Chinese : tsywin • Middle-Chinese : tsywinH
|earnest
|
|earnest
|諄 (eum 순 (sun))
|
|Hán-Nôm : truân
|
|諄
|-
|諉
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² • Middle-Chinese : nrjweH
|to shirk; to give excuses
|
|
|諉 • (wi) · 諉 • (wi) (hangeul 위, revised wi, McCune–Reischauer wi, Yale wi)
|
|
|
|諉
|-
|諍
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsreːŋs) : semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 爭 (OC *ʔsreːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zang³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsènn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǹg • Middle-Chinese : tsreangH
|^† to remonstrate; to admonish • (Southern Min) to quarrel; to fight
|
|
|諍 • (jaeng) · 諍 • (jaeng) (hangeul 쟁, revised jaeng, McCune–Reischauer chaeng, Yale cayng)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tránh
|
|諍
|-
|諜
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍p • Middle-Chinese : dep
|espionage; spying • spy; agent
|
|
|諜 • (cheop) · 諜 • (cheop) (hangeul 첩, revised cheop, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏp, Yale chep)
|
|Hán-Nôm : điệp
|
|諜
|-
|諫
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːns) : semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 柬 (OC *kreːnʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàn • Middle-Chinese : kaenH
|to remonstrate; to admonish
| ‖ 諫(かん) • (kan) ‖ 諫(かん) • (kan)
| ‖ admonition ‖ admonish • dissuade
|諫 (eum 간 (gan))
|remonstrate • admonish
|Hán-Nôm : gián
|
|諫
|-
|諱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷɯls) : semantic 言 + phonetic 韋 (OC *ɢʷɯl).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huì • Middle-Chinese : xjw+jH
|to avoid mentioning • to avoid; to regard as taboo • taboo • (historical) name of a deceased emperor or elder • (obsolete) to fear; to dread • (obsolete, euphemistic) to die
|
|real name used during life, as opposed to a posthumous name
|諱 (eum 휘 (hwi))
|conceal • shun • regard as taboo
|Hán-Nôm : húy • Hán-Nôm : huý
|
|諱
|-
|諷
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *plums) : semantic 言 + phonetic 風 (OC *plum, *plums).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : fung³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng • Middle-Chinese : pjuwngH
|to satirize; to mock; to criticize; to remonstrate (using implicit language) • to advise using mild and indirect language; to suggest in a tactful and veiled manner • (literary) to recite; to incant
|
|
|諷 • (pung) · 諷 • (pung) (hangeul 풍)
|
|Hán-Nôm : phúng
|
|諷
|-
|諺
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gān • Middle-Chinese : ngjenH
|proverb; maxim • Korean hangul
| ‖ 諺(ことわざ) • (kotowaza)
| ‖ a proverb (phrase expressing a basic truth)
|諺 • (eon, an) · 諺 • (eon, an) (hangeul 언, 안, revised eon, an, McCune–Reischauer ŏn, an, Yale en, an)
|old name for Hangeul, the Korean script; Eonmun • vernacular Korean language (in contrast to written Chinese texts) • a proverb
|Hán-Nôm : ngạn
|
|諺
|-
|謊
|Originally written as 詤. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmaːŋʔ) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 荒 (OC *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : fong¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng
|lie; untruth • to lie; to tell a lie
|
|lie
|謊 (eumhun 잠꼬대할 황 (jamkkodaehal hwang))
|hanja form of 황 (“lie”)
|Hán-Nôm : hoang
|
|謊
|-
|謗
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paːŋs) : semantic 言 (“speech; words”) + phonetic 旁 (OC *baːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pòng • Middle-Chinese : pangH
|(archaic, now mostly obsolete) to criticize (especially in an open manner) • (literary) to slander; to defame; to vilify
|
|slander
|謗 (eumhun 헐뜯을 방 (heoltteudeul bang))
|hanja form of 방 (“slandering”)
|
|
|謗
|-
|謨
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bôo • Middle-Chinese : mu
|(literary) plan; strategy • (literary) to plan; to strategize; to deliberate
|
|plan • deliberate
|謨 (eum 모 (mo))
|
|canonical : 謨: Hán Việt readings: mồ
|
|謨
|-
|謬
|From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kiː(l/r) (“to bend; to wind; to twist; to roll”), i.e. “to twist words; to twist the truth”. Related to 糾 (OC *krɯwʔ, “to entangle”), 絞 (OC *kreːwʔ, “to twist; to strangle”), 摎 (OC *krɯːw, “to strangle”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄡˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biū • Middle-Chinese : mjiwH
|false; wrong; erroneous • error; mistake • to deceive; to twist the truth • a surname
|
|mistake
|謬 (eumhun 그릇될 류 (geureutdoel ryu), word-initial (South Korea) 그릇될 유 (geureutdoel yu))
|hanja form of 류/유 (“false; wrong; erroneous”)
|canonical : 謬: Hán Việt readings: mậu
|chữ Hán form of mậu (“mistake”).
|謬
|-
|譁
|
|
|
|
|noisy
|譁 (eumhun 시끄러울 화 (sikkeureoul hwa))
|
|
|
|譁
|-
|譎
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwat¹ • Middle-Chinese : kwet
|to deceive; to cheat
|
|
|譎 • (hyul) · 譎 • (hyul) (hangeul 휼, revised hyul, McCune–Reischauer hyul, Yale hyul)
|
|Hán-Nôm : quyệt • Hán-Nôm : quịt
|
|譎
|-
|譏
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯl) : semantic 言 + phonetic 幾 (OC *kɯl, *kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl, *ɡɯls).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Middle-Chinese : kj+j
|to ridicule; to jeer; to mock • (literary) to interrogate • (literary) to exhort; to admonish
|
|
|譏 • (gi) · 譏 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|
|canonical : 譏: Hán Việt readings: cơ • canonical : ky • canonical : kỵ
|chữ Hán form of cơ (“ridicule, admonish”).
|譏
|-
|譚
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tânn • Middle-Chinese : dom • Middle-Chinese : domX
|Alternative form of 談／谈 (tán, “to discuss”) • a surname
| ‖ 譚(たん) • (-tan)
|story ‖ story; tale
|譚 • (dam) · 譚 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam, Yale tam)
|
|Hán-Nôm : đàm
|
|譚
|-
|譴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰens) : semantic 言 + phonetic 遣 (OC *kʰenʔ, *kʰens).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hin² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiàn • Middle-Chinese : khjienH
|to censure; to reprimand; to blame; to condemn • (archaic) to demote; to banish from court • offense; crime
|
|reproach
|譴 (eumhun 꾸짖을 견 (kkujijeul gyeon))
|hanja form of 견 (“scold; reprimand”)
|Hán-Nôm : khiển • Hán-Nôm : khiến
|
|譴
|-
|讒
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zrɯːm, *zraːms) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 毚 (OC *zrɯːm, *zraːm)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâm • Middle-Chinese : dzream • Middle-Chinese : dzraemH
|to slander; to defame; to vilify; to speak maliciously of others • slander; defamation; libel • slanderer
| ‖ 讒(ざん) • (zan)
| ‖ false charge; slander; defamation
|讒 (eumhun 참소할 참 (chamsohal cham))
|hanja form of 참 (“to slander”)
|canonical : 讒: Hán Việt readings: sàm • canonical : gièm 讒: Nôm readings: gièm • canonical : sàm • canonical : xàm • canonical : sòm • canonical : sờm • canonical : sồm • canonical : sóm
|chữ Hán form of sàm (“to slander”). • Nôm form of gièm (“to slander”). • Nôm form of xàm (“to chatter; to prattle”).
|讒
|-
|讖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰrims) : semantic 言 (“words; speech; language”) + phonetic 韱 (OC *sem).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshàm • Middle-Chinese : tsrhimH
|prophecy; hint; omen
|
|a revealing omen
|讖 • (cham) · 讖 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)
|
|canonical : 讖: Hán Việt readings: sấm ‖ romanization : sấm
| ‖ chữ Hán form of sấm (“prophecy”).
|讖
|-
|谿
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kai¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hai⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kai¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hai⁴
|Alternative form of 溪 • valley; gorge • Used in place names. • a surname: Xi ‖ Only used in 勃谿 (bójī). • Only used in 蠰谿.
|
|valley
|谿 • (gye) · 谿 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye, Yale kyey)
|
|
|
|谿
|-
|豉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡjes) : semantic 豆 (“bean”) + phonetic 支 (OC *kje). \ The orthodox form in Shuowen was 𢻃, which has 尗 (“legume; bean”) instead of 豆.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si • Middle-Chinese : dzyeH
|fermented bean
|
|
|豉 • (si) · 豉 • (si) (hangeul 시, revised si, McCune–Reischauer si, Yale si)
|
|Hán-Nôm : thị • Hán-Nôm : xị • Hán-Nôm : sĩ • Hán-Nôm : xệ
|
|豉
|-
|豎
|Possibly phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djoʔ) : semantic 臤 + phonetic 豆 (OC *doːs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sū • Middle-Chinese : dzyuX
|to erect; to make vertical • vertical • upright; perpendicular to the ground • (Chinese calligraphy) a vertical stroke (㇑) • (historical) attendant; boy servant • a surname: Shu
|
|
|豎 • (su) · 豎 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|
|Hán-Nôm : thụ
|
|豎
|-
|豔
|Originally 豓. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lams) : semantic 豐 (“abundant, great”) + phonetic 盇 () (corrupted to 盍). \ Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs, though with uncertainty, *r-jams > *jams, compares it to Thai เรี่ยม (riamᴮ²), and proposes it was from Tai.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iām • Middle-Chinese : yemH
|(of color) bright and gorgeous; gaudy • relating to love relationships; romantic • (literary) to envy; to admire • a surname
|
|Alternative form of 艷, which is the kyūjitai form of 艶
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : diệm • Hán-Nôm : diễm
|
|豔
|-
|豕
|Pictogram (象形) – a pig. Compare 亥. \ Possibly from Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *liik ~ *lik (“pig”) and Mon ကၠိက် (kloik, “pig”). Also occurs in the Cai-Long languages, from which Hölzl (2021) derives the name Ta-Li for the aforementioned language subgroup.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sí • Middle-Chinese : syeX
|(obsolete) pig; boar
|
|pig, hog
|豕 • (si) · 豕 • (si) (hangeul 시, revised si, McCune–Reischauer si, Yale si)
|
|Hán-Nôm : thỉ
|
|豕
|-
|豢
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huǎn • Middle-Chinese : hwaenH
|to feed livestock • to rear; to raise livestock • livestock • (figurative) to bribe
|
|
|豢 (eum 환 (hwan))
|
|
|
|豢
|-
|豬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ta) : semantic 豕 + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007). Löffler (1966) considers Mru tia (“(wild) pig”) to be cognate. \ Fangyan states that 豭 (OC *kraː) is a dialectal variant of 豬 (OC *ta), yet *kra was apparently older than *t(r)a and homophonic with 麚 (OC *kraː, “stag”); so instead *t(r)a is possibly an early rural dialectal variant (from the sound changes *ʈa < *tra < *Cra) of *kra, which would have had a general meaning of "male animal". See 豭 for more. ‖ Referring to the similar-sounding word 處／处 (cyu2).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tu • Middle-Chinese : trjo ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu¹
|pig; hog; swine (Classifier: 頭／头 m; 口 m; 隻／只 c mn; 條／条 c h) • (figurative, colloquial, often as a term of abuse) pig (a lazy, lowly or contemptible person) • (Cantonese, figuratively) stupid; foolish • (Cantonese, figuratively) to act in a stupid or foolish manner ‖ (Cantonese) virginity (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
|
|Kyūjitai form of 猪
|豬 (eumhun 돼지 저 (dwaeji jeo))
|
|Hán-Nôm : trư • Hán-Nôm : chưa • Hán-Nôm : trơ • Hán-Nôm : kiệt
|
|豬
|-
|貂
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːw) : semantic 豸 + phonetic 召 (OC *dews, *djews)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiau • Middle-Chinese : tew
|marten • a surname
| ‖ 貂(てん) or 貂(テン) • (ten)
| ‖ Japanese marten, Martes melampus
|貂 • (cho) · 貂 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)
|(담비 초, dambi-): marten, sable
|Hán-Nôm : điêu
|
|貂
|-
|貉
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hok⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok³ • Middle-Chinese : hak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maak⁶ • Middle-Chinese : maek
|tanuki (raccoon dog) ‖ Alternative form of 貊 (mò)
|
|badger • raccoon dog (tanuki)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hạc • Hán-Nôm : lạc • Hán-Nôm : mạch • Hán-Nôm : hào • Hán-Nôm : mạ
|
|貉
|-
|貓
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mreːw, *mrew) : semantic 豸 + phonetic 苗 (OC *mrew). \ Ma Xulun suggested that 豸 was the original character of 貓. \ Onomatopoeic. Compare 喵 (miāo, “meow, the onomatopoeic cry of a cat”). \ Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs Old Chinese *mau, reasoning that 貓's place among division II syllables results from its onomatopoeic nature instead of an Old Chinese medial *-r-; onomatopoeia is also responsible for the 陰平／阴平 (yīnpíng) tone instead of the expected 陽平／阳平 (yángpíng). ‖  ‖ Borrowed from English modem.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bâu • Middle-Chinese : mjew • Middle-Chinese : maew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠ
|cat (Classifier: 隻／只 m c) • (Mandarin, colloquial) to hide oneself • (Mandarin, colloquial) to hang around; to stay somewhere doing nothing • (Cantonese) to get drunk • (Hokkien, Singapore Teochew) stingy; miserly • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) lecherous; lascivious • (Cantonese, non-productive) person with a non-positive attribute ‖ (Mandarin, colloquial) to bend ‖ (Mainland China, colloquial) modem
| ‖ 貓(ねこ) or 貓(ネコ) • (neko) (counter 匹)
| ‖ Alternative form of 猫 (“cat”)
|
|cat
|canonical : 貓: Hán Việt readings: miêu 貓: Nôm readings: mèo • canonical : miêu
|chữ Hán form of miêu (“cat”). • Nôm form of mèo (“cat”).
|貓
|-
|貲
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsje
|to estimate
|
|
|貲 • (ja) · 貲 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)
|
|
|
|貲
|-
|貳
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njis) : semantic 貝 + phonetic 弍 (OC *njis, “two”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄦˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gī • Middle-Chinese : nyijH
|(Classical) secondary; assistant • (literary, or in compounds) to be unfaithful; to be disloyal • (financial) Alternative form of 二 (èr, “two”)
|
|Kyūjitai form of 弐
|貳 • (i) · 貳 • (i) (hangeul 이, revised i, McCune–Reischauer i, Yale i)
|
|Hán-Nôm : nhị • Hán-Nôm : nhì • Hán-Nôm : nhẹ
|
|貳
|-
|貶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *promʔ) : semantic 貝 (“shell”) + phonetic 乏 (OC *bob).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : bin² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pián • Middle-Chinese : pjemX
|to reduce; to lower • (literary) to demote • to vilify; to censure; to criticize • (grammar) negative polarity
|
|
|貶 • (pyeom) · 貶 • (pyeom) (hangeul 폄, revised pyeom, McCune–Reischauer p'yŏm, Yale phyem)
|
|Hán-Nôm : biếm • Hán-Nôm : bâm • Hán-Nôm : mém
|
|貶
|-
|貽
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yi
|to give as a present • to hand down; to leave behind
|
|
|貽 (eum 이 (i))
|
|Hán-Nôm : di
|
|貽
|-
|賁
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prals, *bɯl, *pɯːn, *bɯn) : phonetic 卉 (OC *hmɯlʔ, *hmɯls) + semantic 貝 (“cowry”) for the reading bì (*prals). The character was borrowed for the word 奔 (OC *pɯːn, *pɯːns) in ancient times, hence its reading bēn (*pɯːn). ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 賁 – see 斑 (“spot; stripe; spotted; striped; mottled; etc.”). \ (This character is a variant form of 斑).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pì • Middle-Chinese : pjeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban¹ • Middle-Chinese : pwon ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁵ • Middle-Chinese : bjun ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄣ • Middle-Chinese : bj+j ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ ‖
|to adorn oneself (with jewellery) • to honor with one's presence • 22nd hexagram of the I Ching ‖ brave, energetic, forge ahead (same as 奔) • cardia ‖ three-legged tortoise • Used in 賁鼓／贲鼓 (“large drum”). ‖ a surname. ‖ Only used in 賁渾／贲浑. ‖ Only used in 賁禺／贲禺. ‖ Alternative form of 墳／坟 • Alternative form of 忿 (fèn) ‖ Alternative form of 僨／偾 (fèn) • Alternative form of 奮／奋 (fèn) ‖ (Hakka) Alternative form of 笨 (“thick”)
|
|to decorate
|賁 (eumhun 클 분 (keul bun)) ‖ 賁 (eumhun 꾸밀 비 (kkumil bi))
| ‖
|Hán-Nôm : bí • Hán-Nôm : bôn
|
|賁
|-
|賅
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kai • Middle-Chinese : koj
|complete; comprehensive • to include
|
|prepared for • inclusive
|
|
|
|
|賅
|-
|賈
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːʔ, *kraːs, *klaːʔ) : phonetic 襾 (OC *qraːs) + semantic 貝 (“shellfish”). ‖ Cognate with 酤 (OC *kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ, “to buy alcoholic drink”)，沽 (OC *kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs, “to buy or sell”). ‖ Cognate with 酤 (OC *kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ, “to buy alcoholic drink”)，沽 (OC *kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs, “to buy or sell”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ké • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ká • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kée • Middle-Chinese : kaeX ‖  ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa³ • Middle-Chinese : kaeH
|a surname ‖ merchant • to trade; to do business • (literary) to buy • (literary) to lead to; to incur; to bring about • (literary) to sell ‖ Alternative form of 價／价 (“price; value”)
|
|
|賈 • (ga, go) · 賈 • (ga, go) (hangeul 가, 고, revised ga, go, McCune–Reischauer ka, ko, Yale ka, ko)
|
|Hán-Nôm : cổ • Hán-Nôm : giá • Hán-Nôm : giả • Hán-Nôm : giớ
|
|賈
|-
|賑
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjɯnʔ, *tjɯns) : semantic 貝 (“money”) + phonetic 辰 (OC *djɯn) – having money, giving money (support).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zan³ • Middle-Chinese : tsyinX • Middle-Chinese : tsyinH
|
|
|flourish • be bustling • prosperity
|賑 • (jin) · 賑 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin)
|
|
|
|賑
|-
|賒
|Originally written as 賖, which is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljaː) : semantic 貝 (“shell”) + phonetic 余 (OC *la) – to buy or sell on credit. \ In the era of Middle Chinese, a vulgar form 𧶟, also a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) with phonetic component 舍 (MC syaeX|syaeH) that was more similar-sounding to the character, once appeared but never became popularized. \ The current form 賒 appeared as a vulgar form at the Ming-Qing transition and is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) with phonetic component 佘 that is similar-sounding to the character. \ According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m/s-laj ~ r/s-lej ~ b-rej (“to change, exchange, buy”) (whence also 移 (OC *lal, “change, alter”) & 易 (OC *leɡ, “change, exchange”)); if so, Chinese vocalism might have been influenced by superficially similar words like 舍 (OC *hljaːʔ, “to bestow, to give”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ 商 (OC *hljaŋ) is its derivative with terminative suffix *-ŋ; 貰 (OC), minimally reconstructed as *lhas ~ *m-las, is another with *-s > *-h extrovert suffix (ibid.). \ Thai แลก (lɛ̂ɛk)'s possible relation to 賒 (OC *hljaː) (ibid.) is through its cognate 易 (OC *leːɡs, *leɡ), wherefrom arose Thai แลก (lɛ̂ɛk), Lao ແລກ (lǣk), Shan လႅၵ်ႈ (lēk), Tai Nüa ᥘᥦᥐ (laek), & Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜀𑜫 (lik) (Pittayaporn, 2014) \ Lastly, Bodman (1980)) proposes cognacy to Tibetan གྱར་བ (gyar ba, “to borrow, to lend, to hire”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : se¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sia • Middle-Chinese : syae
|to buy and sell on credit • ^† to forgive • ^† distant; far • ^† (of time) long; long-standing • ^† sparse; rare • ^† slow
|
|
|
|
|canonical : 賒: Hán Việt readings: xa 賒: Nôm readings: xa
|far
|賒
|-
|賬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taŋs) : semantic 貝 (“shell”) + phonetic 長 (OC *taŋʔ, *daŋ, *daŋs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàng
|account; bill • debt • (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet) account
|
|
|賬 • (jang) · 賬 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
|
|
|
|賬
|-
|賺
|Originally as 𧸖. \ In the current form: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *r'eːms) : semantic 貝 + phonetic 兼 (OC *keːm, *keːms). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaam⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuán • Middle-Chinese : dreamH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan⁶ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tānn
|to make a profit • (regional) to earn (money) • to win; to get • (informal) profit ‖ (colloquial) to deceive; to fool; to cheat ‖ (Eastern Min, Southern Min, dialectal Wu) wrong; erroneous
|
|coax
|
|
|canonical : 賺: Hán Việt readings: khiếm • canonical : trám
|
|賺
|-
|賽
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slɯːɡs) : abbreviated phonetic 塞 (OC *slɯːɡs, *slɯːɡ) + semantic 貝 (“shell”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : coi³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sài • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sè • Middle-Chinese : sojH
|to compete; to contend • competition; contest; race
|
|dice • temple visit
|賽 (eumhun 굿할 새 (guthal sae))
|
|Hán-Nôm : tái • Hán-Nôm : trại • Hán-Nôm : tày • Hán-Nôm : tầy • Hán-Nôm : táy
|
|賽
|-
|贅
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 敖 (“ramble; travel”) + 貝 (“money”) – "money that goes away and ought to be taken back" – originally meaning a kind of collateral, or pawn. 贅 later was borrowed for sound to signify "belonging; attachment; linking", which is closer to the modern meaning of "superfluous".
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsè • Middle-Chinese : tsywejH
|unnecessary, superfluous • to marry into and live with one's wife's family
| ‖ 贅(ぜい) • (zei) ‖ 贅(ふすべ) • (fusube)
| ‖ luxury, extravagance ‖ (obsolete) lump, wart • (obsolete) mole, birthmark
|贅 (eum 췌 (chwe))
|
|Hán-Nôm : chuế • Hán-Nôm : xuế
|
|贅
|-
|贍
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sim⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siām • Middle-Chinese : dzyemH
|to provide for; to support; to supply • (literary) sufficient; plentiful; rich • (of writing) rich; magnificent; knowledgeable
|
|
|贍 • (seom) · 贍 • (seom) (hangeul 섬, revised seom, McCune–Reischauer sŏm, Yale sem)
|
|
|
|贍
|-
|贏
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *leŋ) : phonetic 𣎆 () + semantic 貝 (“cowry; money”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng • Middle-Chinese : yeng
|to win; to triumph; to be victorious • to beat; to defeat (someone); to triumph over • to make a profit • (Gan, Xiang) Used with 不 or 得 to express capability.
|
|to contented • to win; to triumph • to gain (profit) • remainder
|贏 • (yeong) · 贏 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, McCune–Reischauer yŏng, Yale yeng)
|
|Hán-Nôm : doanh
|
|贏
|-
|贓
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Middle-Chinese : tsang
|booty, loot, stolen goods • to accept or take a bribe
|
|
|贓 (eumhun 장물(贓物) 장)
|hanja form of 장 (“booty; loot; stolen goods”)
|Hán-Nôm : tang
|
|贓
|-
|贖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦljoɡ) : semantic 貝 (“shell”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ); the phonetic was originally 𧷏 and has later become graphically similar to the unrelated 賣. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-lu-t-s (“to ransom; to buy off”); compare Tibetan བླུ (blu) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍k • Middle-Chinese : zyowk
|to redeem • to ransom
|
|
|贖 • (sok) · 贖 • (sok) (hangeul 속, revised sok, McCune–Reischauer sok, Yale sok)
|washing away your sin, 속죄하다 • clearing your debt by offering money, wealth or effort, 속바치다
|
|
|贖
|-
|贛
|In the bronze script, it was attested as 𬔧, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 章 (“jade ornament”) + 丮 (“to hold”) – holding a jade ornament > “to bestow”. The 丮 component corrupts into 欠 or 次, and later to 夂 or a variant with 二 under 夂. An additional semantic component 貝 (“cowrie; money”) was often added. The 二 and 貝 components combine to form an emergent phonetic component 貢 (OC *koːŋs). \ Shuowen reinterprets it as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kluːmʔ, *kluːms, *kromʔ, *kloːms) : abbreviated phonetic 竷 (OC *kʰluːms) + semantic 貝 (“shell; money”), but this is not supported by earlier scripts. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàm • Middle-Chinese : komX • Middle-Chinese : komH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gung³ • Middle-Chinese : kuwngH
|(～江, ～水) Gan River (a river in Jiangxi, China) • Alternative name for 江西 (Jiāngxī, “Jiangxi, a province of China.”). • Gan; Gan Chinese ‖ to grant; to bestow • a surname
|
|Jiangxi province • various places in Jiangxi province
|贛 (eumhun 줄 공 (jul gong)) · 贛 (eumhun 강 이름 감 (gang ireum gam)) · 贛 (eumhun 미련할 장 (miryeonhal jang))
|
|canonical : 贛: Hán Việt readings: cống
|
|贛
|-
|赧
| ‖ Compare Zhuang nwnj (“inflammation on the skin”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naan⁵ • Middle-Chinese : nraenX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : naan³
|(literary) blushing because of shame ‖ (Cantonese) inflammation on the skin resulting from an insect bite or an illness
|
|
|赧 • (nan) · 赧 • (nan) (hangeul 난)
|
|Hán-Nôm : nấn • Hán-Nôm : noản • Hán-Nôm : nản • Hán-Nôm : nắn • Hán-Nôm : noãn
|
|赧
|-
|赭
|From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(j)a-n ⪤ *tsa-n (“red”) (STEDT); cognate with Burmese တာ (ta, “red”) (as in Burmese နီတာရဲ (nitarai:, “of loud red color”)) and Burmese တျာတျာ (tya-tya, “scarlet”). According to Schuessler (2007), 朱 (OC *tjo) may be related.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze² • Middle-Chinese : tsyaeX
|red soil • ochre dye • reddish brown; burnt ochre • to dye red • bare • Short for 赭衣 (zhěyī, “red clothing worn by convicts”). • to punish
|
|
|赭 • (ja) · 赭 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)
|
|canonical : 赭: Hán Việt readings: giả 赭: Nôm readings: đỏ
|chữ Hán form of giả (“red soil, ochre, reddish brown”). • Nôm form of đỏ (“red”).
|赭
|-
|赳
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau² • Middle-Chinese : kjiwX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau²
|Used in 赳赳 (jiūjiū, “strong and valiant”); also used as its short form. • strong (of wind) ‖ Only used in 赳螑 (jiùxiù, “appearance of a dragon stretching its neck and moving in a wavelike manner”).
|
|strong and brave
|赳 • (gyu) · 赳 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu)
|
|
|
|赳
|-
|趕
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːnʔ) : semantic 走 + phonetic 旱 (OC *ɡaːnʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gon² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuánn
|to overtake; to catch up with • to hurry; to rush • to try to catch (a bus, train, etc) • to drive (animal, vehicle) • to drive someone away; to chase away • to avail oneself of (an opportunity); happen to • (colloquial) until; till • (colloquial) rushed; hurried
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cản • Hán-Nôm : kiển
|
|趕
|-
|趙
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ewʔ) : semantic 走 + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ewʔ) : semantic 走 + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiǒ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiǎu • Middle-Chinese : drjewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tiu⁵
|(～國) an ancient city-state, now Hongdong County in Shanxi • (～國) Zhao, a later and larger state during the Warring States period of Chinese history • (obsolete) to run; to gallop; to move quickly • a surname, listed first in the Baijiaxing. It is the family name of the Song emperors • (neologism) of the Communist Party of China ‖ to weed the ground; to hoe
|
|
|趙 • (jo) · 趙 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
|a surname
|Hán-Nôm : Triệu • Hán-Nôm : triệu
|Chữ Hán form of Triệu (“a surname from Chinese.”).
|趙
|-
|趨
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlo) : semantic 走 + phonetic 芻 (OC *sʰro).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Middle-Chinese : tshju
|to walk quickly; to run • to hasten; to hurry • to pursue; to seek • to attach (oneself) to; to ingratiate oneself with • to tend towards; to approach • (historical) to quickly take small steps as a sign of respect
|
|to go towards, to run • to trend, to tend towards
|趨 • (chu, chok) · 趨 • (chu, chok) (hangeul 추, 촉)
|
|canonical : 趨: Hán Việt readings: xu • canonical : xúc 趨: Nôm readings: so • canonical : xúc • canonical : xu • canonical : xô
|
|趨
|-
|跆
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : toi⁴ • Middle-Chinese : doj
|trample
|
|trample
|跆 (eum 태 (tae))
|to trample • to kick
|Hán-Nôm : đài
|
|跆
|-
|跎
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁴ • Middle-Chinese : da
|Used in 蹉跎 (cuōtuó).
|
|
|跎 • (ta) · 跎 • (ta) (hangeul 타, revised ta, McCune–Reischauer t'a, Yale tha)
|
|
|跎 (đà)
|跎
|-
|跚
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : san • Middle-Chinese : san
|Used in 蹣跚／蹒跚 (pánshān). • to step on; to trample
|
|to stagger; to reel; to stumble
|跚 • (san) · 跚 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)
|
|Hán-Nôm : san
|
|跚
|-
|践
|
|
|
|
|tread • step on
|
|
|
|
|践
|-
|跼
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : guk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : gjowk
|
|
|
|跼 (eum 국 (guk))
|
|
|
|跼
|-
|踊
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng • Middle-Chinese : yowngX
|to mount; to ascend • (historical) shoes for people who have had part of their foot chopped off
| ‖ 踊(よう) • (yō)
|to dance • dance ‖ to dance • to jump about; to jump up
|
|
|
|
|踊
|-
|踝
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡroːlʔ) : semantic 𧾷 (“foot”) + phonetic 果 (OC *kloːlʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa⁵ • Middle-Chinese : hwaeX
|ankle
|
|ankle • heel • exposed legs
|踝 (eum 과 (gwa))
|
|
|
|踝
|-
|踟
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *de) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 知 (OC *ʔl'e).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁴ • Middle-Chinese : drje
|to walk back and forth • to hesitate
|
|
|踟 • (ji) · 踟 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci)
|
|
|
|踟
|-
|踪
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoŋ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 宗 (OC *ʔsuːŋ).
|
|
|
|footprint
|踪 (eumhun 자취 종 (jachwi jong))
|hanja form of 종 (“footprints, traces, tracks”)
|
|
|踪
|-
|踫
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|踫
|-
|踴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loŋʔ) : semantic 𧾷 (“foot”) + phonetic 勇 (OC *loŋʔ). \ Compare Khmer ប្លោង (plaong, “to leap over; to throw upward”) (Schuessler, 2007). Perhaps related to 逾 (OC *lo, “to exceed; to cross over”) and 溶 (OC *loŋ, “much water”) (ibid.).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng • Middle-Chinese : yowngX
|to jump upwards; to leap • (of prices) to go up; to rise
|
|Rare form of 踊.
|踴 • (yong) · 踴 • (yong) (hangeul 용, revised yong, McCune–Reischauer yong, Yale yong)
|
|Hán-Nôm : dũng
|
|踴
|-
|踵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjoŋʔ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 重 (OC *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : dung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsíng • Middle-Chinese : tsyowngX
|heel • to follow • to visit; to call on
| ‖ 踵(かかと) • (kakato) ‖ 踵(くびいす) • (kubiisu) ^(←くびひす (kubifisu)?) ‖ 踵(くびす) • (kubisu) ‖ 踵(あくと) • (akuto) ‖ 踵(あぐと) • (aguto)
| ‖ heel ‖ the bottom of the foot; the heel ‖ heel ‖ heel ‖ heel
|踵 (eumhun 발꿈치 종 (balkkumchi jong))
|hanja form of 종 (“heel”)
|canonical : 踵: Hán Việt readings: chủng
|
|踵
|-
|踹
| ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshué ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dyun³ • Middle-Chinese : dzywenX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : twanH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun² ‖
|to step on; to tread; to stamp • to kick (with the sole of the foot suddenly and forcefully) • (figurative, slang) to dump (a partner); to ditch ‖ heel (of the foot) ‖ foot • to stamp (foot) • to kick (with foot) ‖ calf (of the leg) ‖ (Cantonese) to step; to trample
|
|
|踹 • (dan) · 踹 • (dan) (hangeul 단, revised dan, McCune–Reischauer tan, Yale tan)
|
|
|
|踹
|-
|蹉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlaːl) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 差 (OC *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːls, *sʰral).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : co¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuê • Middle-Chinese : tsha
|to slip and fall • to err; to make a mistake • to step on; to trample • to pass by
|
|to trip, to stumble • to pass by
|蹉 • (cha) · 蹉 • (cha) (hangeul 차, revised cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'a, Yale cha)
|
|
|蹉 (tha, sa)
|蹉
|-
|蹊
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hê • Middle-Chinese : hej ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khi
|(literary) footpath • to trample on; to cross; to traverse • footprint • path; way • Alternative form of 徯 (“to wait”) ‖ Used in 蹊蹺／蹊跷.
|
|path
|蹊 • (hye) · 蹊 • (hye) (hangeul 혜, revised hye, McCune–Reischauer hye, Yale hyey)
|
|
|
|蹊
|-
|蹙
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cuk¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsjuwk
|to knit (one's brows) • to approach; to close in on • to force; to compel • to shrink; to contract • urgent; critical • Alternative form of 蹴 (“to tread on; to kick”)
|
|knitting one's brows
|蹙 • (chuk) · 蹙 • (chuk) (hangeul 축, revised chuk, McCune–Reischauer ch'uk, Yale chwuk)
|
|
|
|蹙
|-
|蹣
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puânn • Middle-Chinese : ban • Middle-Chinese : man
|(used in compounds) limping; staggering
|
|
|蹣 (eum 만 (man))
|
|
|
|蹣
|-
|蹤
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsloŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs, “follow”)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zung¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Middle-Chinese : tsjowng
|footprint; trace; track
|
|footprint; trace; track • to follow • to release, to free
|蹤 • (jong) · 蹤 • (jong) (hangeul 종, revised jong, McCune–Reischauer chong, Yale cong)
|
|canonical : 蹤: Hán Việt readings: tung 蹤: Nôm readings: tung
|chữ Hán form of tung (“footprint”).
|蹤
|-
|蹶
| ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai³ • Middle-Chinese : kjwejH • Middle-Chinese : kjwot • Middle-Chinese : kjwet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ
|to tumble; to fall down • to run • to fail • to step on; to tread on • rapidly; suddenly ‖  ‖
|
|to tumble; to fall down • to defeat; to topple • to spring out
|蹶 (eumhun 넘어질 궐 (neomeojil gwol)) ‖ 蹶 (eumhun 움직일 궤 (umjigil gwe))
|hanja form of 궐 (“to stumble; to fall down”) ‖ (literary) hanja form of 궤 (“to move”)
|
|
|蹶
|-
|蹺
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiau • Middle-Chinese : khjiew
|to raise one's foot
|
|
|蹺 • (gyo) · 蹺 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
|
|Hán-Nôm : nghều
|
|蹺
|-
|蹼
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *poːɡ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : buk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : puwk
|web; the membrane-like part between toes (of animals)
|
|
|蹼 • (bok) · 蹼 • (bok) (hangeul 복, revised bok, McCune–Reischauer pok, Yale pok)
|
|
|
|蹼
|-
|躂
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːd) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 達 (OC *tʰaːd, *daːd). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːd) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 達 (OC *tʰaːd, *daːd). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːd) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 達 (OC *tʰaːd, *daːd).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : taat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daat³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˋ • Middle-Chinese : that ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taat³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : taat¹
|to stumble; to slip; to fall down ‖ Only used in 蹓躂／蹓跶. ‖ (onomatopoeia) footstep sound
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|躂
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|躅
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doɡ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doɡ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : drjowk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ
|Used in 躑躅／踯躅 (zhízhú). • ^† to step on • ^† footprint ‖ ^† footprint
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|躅 • (chok) · 躅 • (chok) (hangeul 촉, revised chok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ok, Yale chok)
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|Hán-Nôm : trục
|Nôm: trục, xộc
|躅
|-
|躇
| ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thû • Middle-Chinese : drjo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : thu̍h
|to walk back and forth • to hesitate; to falter; to be undecided • to trample on ‖ to overstep; to pass over; to advance out of turn ‖ (Hokkien) impractical and stupid (often reduplicated) • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to move slowly; to dawdle; to dillydally
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|躇 • (jeo, chak) · 躇 • (jeo, chak) (hangeul 저, 착, revised jeo, chak, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, ch'ak, Yale ce, chak)
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|Hán-Nôm : chứa
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|躇
|-
|躉
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dan² ‖
|wholesale • to buy wholesale; to hoard for speculation ‖ (Cantonese) foundation; support (of an object) • (Cantonese, euphemistic) buttocks; bottom; behind • (Cantonese) to place; to put • (Cantonese) Classifier for buildings.
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|躉 • (don) · 躉 • (don) (hangeul 돈, revised don, McCune–Reischauer ton, Yale ton)
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|躉
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|躊
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiûnn • Middle-Chinese : drjuw
|Used in 躊躇／踌躇 (chóuchú), etc.
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|躊 • (ju) · 躊 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)
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|躊
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|躑
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deɡ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 鄭 (OC *deŋs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik⁶ • Middle-Chinese : drjek
|Used in 躑躅／踯躅 (zhízhú). • ^† to kick • ^† to jump • ^‡ foot filth, Alternative form of 蹢
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|to squat; to crouch
|躑 • (cheok) · 躑 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek)
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|Hán-Nôm : trịch
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|躑
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|躡
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *neb) : semantic 𧾷 (“foot”) + phonetic 聶 (OC *neb).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : neeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : neh • Middle-Chinese : nrjep
|to walk on tiptoe; to lighten one's steps • to follow • (literary) to tread; to trample; to step on • (literary) to put on (shoes)
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|躡 • (seop) · 躡 • (seop) (hangeul 섭, revised seop, McCune–Reischauer sŏp, Yale sep)
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|躡
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|躪
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁶
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|躪 (eumhun 짓밟을 린 (jitbalbeul rin), word-initial (South Korea) 짓밟을 인 (jitbalbeul in))
|hanja form of 린 (“to trample”)
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|躪
|-
|軀
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰo) : semantic 身 (“body”) + phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo) \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kəw (“body; chest; thorax; corpse”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan སྐུ (sku, “body”) and Burmese ကိုယ် (kuiy, “body”). ‖ Probably the same as etymology 1 (Hsu, 2019). Lin (2007) considers it to be a contraction of 身軀／身躯 (sin-khu).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khi • Middle-Chinese : khju ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : su
|human body ‖ (Hokkien) body • (Hokkien) Classifier for sets of clothing.
| ‖
|body ‖
|軀 (eumhun 몸 구 (mom gu))
|hanja form of 구 (“body”)
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|軀
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|軋
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qriːd) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 乙 (OC *qriɡ) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qriːd) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 乙 (OC *qriɡ) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qriːd) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 乙 (OC *qriɡ) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qriːd) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 乙 (OC *qriɡ) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qriːd) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 乙 (OC *qriɡ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : at • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ah • Middle-Chinese : 'eat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaat³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsat ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : a̍h ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kauh
|to crush by weight • to oust; to squeeze out • (onomatopoeia) sound of a machine running • a surname: Ya ‖ (dialectal) to jostle; to push against; to squeeze together • (dialectal) to associate with • (dialectal) to check ‖ to roll (steel) ‖ (Hokkien) to tip over and crush something ‖ (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to crush; to run over; to roll flat (of or by a car)
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|squeak • creak • grate
|軋 • (al) · 軋 • (al) (hangeul 알, revised al, McCune–Reischauer al, Yale al)
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|Hán-Nôm : ca • Hán-Nôm : loát • Hán-Nôm : yết
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|軋
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|軔
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līm • Middle-Chinese : nyinH
|brake
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|block that keeps wheel from moving
|軔 • (in) · 軔 • (in) (hangeul 인, revised in, McCune–Reischauer in, Yale in)
|a piece of wood serving as a brake to halt a carriage
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|軔
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|軛
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːɡ) : semantic 車 (“chariot”) + phonetic 厄 (OC *qreːɡ, “yoke”) – specialized form of 厄. \ Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔik (“to strangle”), whence also 縊 (OC *qleːɡs, *qleɡs, “to strangle”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : eh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iak • Middle-Chinese : 'eak
|yoke • to restrain; to control
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|軛
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|軻
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ho² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kho • Middle-Chinese : kha • Middle-Chinese : khaX • Middle-Chinese : khaH
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|軻 • (ga) · 軻 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka, Yale ka)
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|軻
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|軼
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jat⁶ • Middle-Chinese : yit
|to surpass; to excel • to invade; to attack • (alt. form 佚, 逸) scattered; lost • Alternative form of 逸 (yì, “leisurely”) • Alternative form of 溢 (yì, “to overflow”)
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|軼 • (il) · 軼 • (il) (hangeul 일, revised il, McCune–Reischauer il, Yale il)
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|軼
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|軾
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljɯɡ) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 式 (OC *hljɯɡ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Middle-Chinese : syik
|horizontal wooden bar in front of a sedan chair • to hold onto the horizontal wooden bar in front of a sedan chair
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|軾 • (sik) · 軾 • (sik) (hangeul 식, revised sik, McCune–Reischauer sik, Yale sik)
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|軾
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|輊
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsì • Middle-Chinese : trijH
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|Hán-Nôm : trất • Hán-Nôm : chí
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|輊
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|輒
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teb) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 耴 (OC *ŋrid, *teb).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiap • Middle-Chinese : trjep
|then • at once • always • (archaic) the luggage rack on a chariot
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|promptly, easily • that is, i.e.
|輒 (eum 첩 (cheop))
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|Hán-Nôm : triếp
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|輒
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|輓
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *monʔ, *mons) : semantic 車 + phonetic 免 (OC *mronʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buán • Middle-Chinese : mjonX • Middle-Chinese : mjonH
|to pull; to draw • to mourn; to lament (a death) • Alternative form of 晚 (wǎn)
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|輓 • (man) · 輓 • (man) (hangeul 만, revised man, McCune–Reischauer man, Yale man)
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|Hán-Nôm : vãn
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|輓
|-
|輔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baʔ) : semantic 車 + phonetic 甫 (OC *paʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hù • Middle-Chinese : bjuX
|(obsolete) protective wooden bars that helped prevent a carriage from overturning • (literary) cheek • to assist • (historical) area near the capital
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|cheek, cheekbone • assist
|輔 (eum 보 (bo))
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|Hán-Nôm : phụ
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|輔
|-
|輛
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raŋs) : semantic 車 (“vehicle”) + phonetic 兩 (OC *raŋʔ, *raŋs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáng
|Classifier for wheeled vehicles. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
| ‖
| ‖
|輛 • (ryang>yang) · 輛 • (ryang>yang) (hangeul 량>양, revised ryang>yang, McCune–Reischauer ryang>yang, Yale lyang>yang)
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|Hán-Nôm : lượng • Hán-Nôm : lưỡng • Hán-Nôm : lẫng
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|輛
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|輜
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Middle-Chinese : tsrhi
|(rare) A carriage that has a covered roof • (literary) A carriage with a cover on it
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|輜 • (chi) · 輜 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi)
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|輜
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|輟
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tods, *tod) : semantic 車 (“carriage; chariot”) + phonetic 叕 (OC *tod). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan, as a cognate of 駐 (OC *tos) with *-t/*-d causative suffix (Jin, 2004).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut⁶ • Middle-Chinese : trjwejH • Middle-Chinese : trjwet
|to stop; to suspend; to halt
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|輟 (eum 철 (cheol))
|
|Hán-Nôm : chuyết • Hán-Nôm : xoẹt • Hán-Nôm : xuyết
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|輟
|-
|輦
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lin⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lián • Middle-Chinese : ljenX
|handcart • imperial carriage • to transport by carriage • (Southern Min) wheel
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|
|輦 (eum 련 (ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 연 (yeon))
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|Hán-Nôm : lén • Hán-Nôm : lẻn • Hán-Nôm : liễn • Hán-Nôm : rịn
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|輦
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|輯
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zib) : semantic 車 + phonetic 咠 (OC *ʔsib, *sʰib).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cap¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tship • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsip • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsi̍p • Middle-Chinese : dzip
|to gather up; to collect • to edit; to compile • Classifier for parts or volumes of a book or other literary work.
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|輯 • (jip) · 輯 • (jip) (hangeul 집, revised jip, McCune–Reischauer chip, Yale cip)
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|Hán-Nôm : tập
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|輯
|-
|輻
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hok • Middle-Chinese : pjuwH • Middle-Chinese : pjuwk
|spokes of a wheel • Alternative form of 輹／𰺓
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|輻 (eum 복 (bok)) · 輻 (eum 폭 (pok))
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|Hán-Nôm : phúc • Hán-Nôm : bức
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|輻
|-
|輾
|* Etymology 1: Corrupted from 𨋚: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ndens, *tenʔ) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 㞋 (). \ * Etymology 2: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ndens, *tenʔ) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 展 (OC *tenʔ, *tens) ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin² • Middle-Chinese : nrjenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lìn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tián • Middle-Chinese : trjenX
|Alternative form of 碾 (niǎn, “to crush (something) flat with a wheel; to run over”) ‖ Used in 輾轉／辗转 (zhǎnzhuǎn, “to toss and turn”). • a surname
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|輾 • (jeon) · 輾 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
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|輾
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|轂
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : guk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kok • Middle-Chinese : kuwk
|hub of a wheel • wheel • chariot; cart
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|
|轂 (eum 곡 (gok))
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|Hán-Nôm : cốc
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|轂
|-
|轅
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷan) : semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 袁 (OC *ɢʷan).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uân • Middle-Chinese : hjwon
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|
|shaft
|轅 • (won) · 轅 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)
|axle • magistrate's office
|Hán-Nôm : viên
|
|轅
|-
|轍
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ded) : semantic 車 (“wagon”) + abbreviated phonetic 徹 (OC *tʰed) – wagon tracks.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cit³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍t • Middle-Chinese : drjet
|wagon ruts; wheel tracks • path • way; method • rhyme
| ‖ 轍(わだち) • (wadachi) ‖ 轍(てつ) • (tetsu)
| ‖ a wheel furrow, track, or rut ‖ a wheel furrow, track, or rut • another person's mistake, a prior example (generally negative)
|轍 • (cheol) · 轍 • (cheol) (hangeul 철, revised cheol, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏl, Yale chel)
|
|Hán-Nôm : triệt
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|轍
|-
|轎
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrew, *ɡrews) : semantic 車 + phonetic 喬 (OC *krew, *ɡrew).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiau • Middle-Chinese : gjew • Middle-Chinese : gjewH
|bamboo carriage • sedan chair; palanquin (Classifier: 頂／顶 c)
|
|palanquin • litter
|轎 • (gyo) · 轎 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
|palanquin • sedan chair
|Hán-Nôm : kiệu
|
|轎
|-
|轔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rin, *rins) : semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 粦 (OC *rins).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁶ • Middle-Chinese : lin • Middle-Chinese : linH
|(Classical) sound of rumbling of wheels • (Classical) threshold; doorsill; doorstep • (Classical) wheel
|
|rumbling of vehicles • threshold
|轔 • (rin>in) · 轔 • (rin>in) (hangeul 린>인, revised rin>in, McCune–Reischauer rin>in, Yale lin>in)
|rumbling of vehicles • wheel • tread
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|
|轔
|-
|轟
|Triplication of 車 (“cart”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing • Middle-Chinese : xweang • Middle-Chinese : xweangH
|(onomatopoeia) bang; boom • to rumble; to explode; to blast • to shoo away; to expel
|
|roar • thunder • boom • resound
|轟 (eumhun 울릴 굉 (ullil goeng))
|hanja form of 굉 (“roar; thunder; boom”)
|Hán-Nôm : huênh • Hán-Nôm : oanh • Hán-Nôm : oang • Hán-Nôm : oàng
|
|轟
|-
|轡
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 絲 (“rope”) + 軎 (“carriage part”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pì • Middle-Chinese : pijH
|bridle of horse • reins
| ‖ 轡(くつわ) • (kutsuwa)
| ‖ bit (metal in horse's mouth)
|轡 (eumhun 고삐 비 (goppi bi))
|
|Hán-Nôm : bí
|
|轡
|-
|辞
|
|
|
| ‖
|speech • to quit ‖
|
|
|
|
|辞
|-
|辦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *breːns) : phonetic 辡 (OC *prenʔ, *brenʔ) + semantic 力 (“strength”). \ Cognate with Tibetan བྲེལ་བ (brel ba, “to be employed; busy”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pān • Middle-Chinese : beanH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : baan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pān
|to deal with; to handle; to manage; to take care of • to prepare; to get something ready • to process; to obtain (e.g. a visa/passport) • to set up; to run • to bring to justice; to punish • (only in compounds) Short for 辦公室／办公室 (bàngōngshì, “office”). • (euphemistic) to kill off; to murder ‖ (Cantonese, Southern Min) sample; specimen (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (Cantonese) template
|
|manage • do • handle • deal with
|辦 (eumhun 힘들일 판 (himdeuril pan)) ‖ 辦 (eum 변 (byeon))
|manage • do • handle • deal with ‖
|Hán-Nôm : biện • Hán-Nôm : bạn
|(only in compound biện pháp) chữ Hán form of biện (“to handle, to do; to prepare”).
|辦
|-
|辮
|Exopassive of 編 (OC *pen, *peːn, *peːnʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bin¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piǎn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pīnn • Middle-Chinese : benX
|braid; plait • braid-like object
|
|
|辮 (eum 변 (byeon))
|
|Hán-Nôm : biện • Hán-Nôm : bện
|
|辮
|-
|迥
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwing² • Middle-Chinese : hwengX
|distant; far • drastically different; far different • (literary) remote place • (literary) tall • (literary) totally; completely
|
|far • distant
|迥 • (hyeong) · 迥 • (hyeong) (hangeul 형, revised hyeong, McCune–Reischauer hyŏng, Yale hyeng)
|
|canonical : 迥: Hán Việt readings: huýnh 迥: Hán Nôm readings: huýnh • canonical : quánh • canonical : huếnh • canonical : quýnh
|
|迥
|-
|迦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ka, *kal, *kraːl) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ka, *kal, *kraːl) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khia • Middle-Chinese : kja • Middle-Chinese : kae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ
|Used in transcription. ‖ Alternative form of 邂 (xiè)
|
|Used phonetically.
|迦 • (ga) · 迦 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka, Yale ka)
|
|Hán-Nôm : già • Hán-Nôm : dà • Hán-Nôm : ca
|
|迦
|-
|迴
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwoj • Middle-Chinese : hwojH
|to revolve; to rotate • to avoid • winding; tortuous • Alternative form of 回 (huí, “to return; to go back”)
|
|rotate • revolve • pin • go around
|迴 • (hoe) · 迴 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy)
|
|Hán-Nôm : hồi
|
|迴
|-
|迺
|For pronunciation and definitions of 迺 – see 乃 (“you, your; be; etc.”). \ (This character is a variant form of 乃).
|Hokkien · Tai-lo : se̍h
|(Hokkien) Alternative form of 踅
|
|
|迺 • (nae) · 迺 • (nae) (hangeul 내, revised nae, McCune–Reischauer nae, Yale nay)
|
|
|
|迺
|-
|逅
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːs) : semantic 辵 + phonetic 后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs). \ Cognate with 遘 (OC *koːs, *koːs, “to meet”)，覯 (OC *koːs, “to come across”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄡˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hau⁶ • Middle-Chinese : huwH
|Only used in 邂逅 (xièhòu).
|
|
|逅 • (hu) · 逅 • (hu) (hangeul 후, revised hu, McCune–Reischauer hu, Yale hwu)
|
|
|
|逅
|-
|逍
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu¹ • Middle-Chinese : sjew
|Used in 逍遙／逍遥 (xiāoyáo).
|
|
|逍 (eumhun 거닐 소 (geonil so))
|hanja form of 소 (“wander”)
|Hán-Nôm : tiêu
|
|逍
|-
|逕
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaang³ • Middle-Chinese : kengH
|(alt. form 徑) small path • to go to; to reach • (literary, of water) to flow through • directly • (archaic) diameter
|
|path; route
|逕 • (gyeong) · 逕 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
|
|Hán-Nôm : kính
|
|逕
|-
|逖
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Middle-Chinese : thek
|far, distant • keep at a distance
|
|Run away, disappear, bend to the side, move to the side to avoid. • Far in distance.
|逖 (eum 적 (jeok))
|
|Hán-Nôm : địch
|
|逖
|-
|這
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋrans) : semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 言 (OC *ŋan). \ The character was originally a verb meaning “to meet”, whose modern pronunciation is yàn. It was later borrowed for the proximal demonstrative “this/here”, by a confusion in medieval handwriting with 遮 (zhē, “this”). \ First attested in the Tang dynasty; etymology unclear. Proposed etymologies: \ * From 者 (OC *tjaːʔ, “one which”) (Lü, 1985). Wang (1990) notes that 者 always occurs after what is referred to, where as 這 always before. \ *: 者 (OC *tjaːʔ, “one which”) > 者 (MC tsyaeX, “this (possessive case)”) > 者 (MC tsyaeX, “this (general demonstrative)”) > Mandarin 這／这 (zhè). \ * From 之 (OC *tjɯ, “this; it”) (Wang, 1990). Norman (1988) notes that this derivation would be phonologically problematic. ‖ Original meaning of this character. It is part of the 迎 (OC *ŋaŋ, *ŋraŋs, “to face, to meet”) word family; see there for more.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tse • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiá ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gān • Middle-Chinese : ngjenH
|this; these • Synonym of 這樣／这样 (“like this; such”) • at this moment; right away; at once • here • Used before words for insults to add emphasis. • filler particle usually used when the speaker is tongue-tied. • meaningless particle in a sentence. ‖ (obsolete) to welcome; to greet; to receive
|
|crawl, creep, grovel • this
|這 (eumhun 이 저 (i jeo)) ‖ 這 (eumhun 맞을 언 (majeul eon))
|hanja form of 저 (“this; that”) [affix] ‖ hanja form of 언 (“to greet”) [only in Chinese]
|Hán-Nôm : giá • Hán-Nôm : gió
|
|這
|-
|逵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷrɯw) : semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 坴 (OC *m·ruɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gwij
|(literary) thoroughfare; crossroads
|
|
|逵 • (gyu) · 逵 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu)
|
|
|
|逵
|-
|遁
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'uːnʔ, *l'uːns) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 盾 (OC *l'uːnʔ, *ɦljunʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deon⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dwonX • Middle-Chinese : dwonH
|to escape; to flee; to evade • to hide away; to conceal oneself
| ‖ 遁(のがれ) • (nogare)
|to escape, to run away ‖ an escape, a dodge, avoidance, evasion
|遁 • (dun, don) · 遁 • (dun, don) (hangeul 둔, 돈, revised dun, don, McCune–Reischauer tun, ton, Yale twun, ton)
|
|Hán-Nôm : độn • Hán-Nôm : rộn • Hán-Nôm : trốn • Hán-Nôm : dọn • Hán-Nôm : nhộn • Hán-Nôm : trộn • Hán-Nôm : tuần
|
|遁
|-
|遐
|From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gra (“long (period of time)”). Cognate with Burmese ကြာ (kra, “be a long time (since)”). ‖ Possibly a contraction of 彼搭 (hit-tah). Compare 遮 (chiâ / chia / chiô / chiah). ‖ Possibly a contraction of 彼搭 (hit-tah). Compare 遮 (chiâ / chia / chiô / chiah). ‖ Possibly a contraction of 彼搭 (hit-tah). Compare 遮 (chiâ / chia / chiô / chiah).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hêe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hēe • Middle-Chinese : hae ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiô ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiah
|far; distant • long-lasting • (obsolete) why; how ‖ (Hokkien) there ‖ (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) that; those ‖ (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien, degree) so; that • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) final question particle expressing doubt
|
|distant
|遐 • (ha) · 遐 • (ha) (hangeul 하, revised ha, McCune–Reischauer ha, Yale ha)
|
|Hán-Nôm : hà
|
|遐
|-
|遑
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwang
|(literary) free time; leisure; spare time • hurried; hasty • how; how can (in rhetorical questions) • Alternative form of 徨 (huáng) • Alternative form of 惶 (huáng, “frightened; terrified”)
| ‖
|be at great leisure • be anxious ‖
|遑 • (hwang) · 遑 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
|
|
|
|遑
|-
|遘
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːs, *koːs) : semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 冓 (OC *koː, *koːs). \ Compare Proto-Tibeto-Burman *gow ~ *gaw, whence Jingpho gau (kau³³, “cross over”), Burmese ကူး (ku:, “to cross over”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007). \ In Chinese, cognate with 覯 (OC *koːs, “to come across”), 姤 (OC *koːs, “gou (hexagram of the I Ching)”). Possible allofams in Chinese include 冓 (OC *koːs) in 中冓 (OC *tuŋ koː, “inner chamber”) and 購 (OC *koːs, “to award”). Compare 遇 (OC *ŋos, “to meet”). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kòo • Middle-Chinese : kuwH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàu
|^† to meet; to encounter • Alternative form of 構／构 (gòu, “to create; to form”) ‖ (Min) Alternative form of 到 (dào)
|
|
|遘 • (gu) · 遘 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|
|
|
|遘
|-
|遨
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːw) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 敖 (OC *ŋaːw, “ramble”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Middle-Chinese : ngaw
|to roam; to ramble; to travel for pleasure • (Southern Min) to spin; to rotate
|
|
|遨 • (o) · 遨 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o)
|
|
|
|遨
|-
|遴
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˋ • Middle-Chinese : linH
|(literary) to select; to choose carefully • a surname ‖ (obsolete) difficult (especially of travel) • Alternative form of 吝 (lìn, “stingy”)
|
|align • select • hesitate
|遴 • (rin>in) · 遴 • (rin>in) (hangeul 린>인, revised rin>in, McCune–Reischauer rin>in, Yale lin>in)
|
|Hán-Nôm : lận
|
|遴
|-
|遼
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːw) : semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 尞 ().
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Middle-Chinese : lew
|distant; far • ^† long; prolonged • (～朝) Liao or Khitan dynasty (907-1125) • (～河, ～水) Liao (a river in Northeast China) • Short for 遼寧／辽宁 (Liáoníng, “Liaoning Province of China”).
| ‖ 遼(りょう) • (Ryō) ^(←れう (reu)?)
|faraway ‖ a male given name
|遼 • (ryo>yo) · 遼 • (ryo>yo) (hangeul 료>요, revised ryo>yo, McCune–Reischauer ryo>yo, Yale lyo>yo)
|
|Hán-Nôm : liêu
|
|遼
|-
|遽
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡas) : semantic 辵 + phonetic 豦 (OC *kas, *ɡa). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kīr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kī • Middle-Chinese : gjoH ‖
|post chariot or horse • hurriedly • suddenly • to be afraid • a surname ‖ (Hakka) fast; quick
|
|
|遽 • (geo) · 遽 • (geo) (hangeul 거, revised geo, McCune–Reischauer kŏ, Yale ke)
|
|Hán-Nôm : cự
|
|遽
|-
|邁
|;“mile; kilometer per hour”
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : māi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mai • Middle-Chinese : maejH
|to go on a long journey • to stride; to take a step • to pass by; to surpass • old; elderly • mile • (colloquial) kilometer per hour • Alternative form of 勱／劢 (mài) • a surname
|
|
|邁 • (mae) · 邁 • (mae) (hangeul 매, revised mae, McCune–Reischauer mae, Yale may)
|
|Hán-Nôm : mại • Hán-Nôm : mời • Hán-Nôm : mười
|
|邁
|-
|邂
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreːs) : semantic 辵 + phonetic 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁵ • Middle-Chinese : heaH
|Only used in 邂逅 (xièhòu).
|
|meet unexpectedly
|邂 • (hae) · 邂 • (hae) (hangeul 해, revised hae, McCune–Reischauer hae, Yale hay)
|
|
|
|邂
|-
|邇
|From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-naːj ~ s-nej (“near”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan ཉེ་བ (nye ba, “near”), Mizo hnai (“near”), Jingpho ni (ni³¹, “near”), Burmese နီး (ni:, “bear near; be close”), 暱 (OC *niɡ, “intimate; close”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄦˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ní • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jínn • Middle-Chinese : nyeX
|near; close • to approach; to come close to • shallow; easy to understand
|
|approach • near, close
|邇 • (i) · 邇 • (i) (hangeul 이, McCune–Reischauer i, Yale i)
|
|
|
|邇
|-
|邏
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːl, *raːls) : phonetic 羅 (OC *raːl) + semantic 辶 (“walk”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Middle-Chinese : laH
|to patrol; to inspect; to watch • patrol; vigil; guard
|
|
|邏 • (ra>na) · 邏 • (ra>na) (hangeul 라>나, revised ra>na, McCune–Reischauer ra>na, Yale la>na)
|
|Hán-Nôm : la • Hán-Nôm : lạ
|
|邏
|-
|邐
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁵ • Middle-Chinese : ljeX
|
|
|meandering • winding
|邐 • (ri>i) · 邐 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)
|get joined on, be continued • continuous and meandering (as mountains, roads, etc.)
|canonical : 邐: Hán Việt readings: lí • canonical : lệ • canonical : lị 邐: Nôm readings: lí
|chữ Hán form of lí (“meandering”).
|邐
|-
|邕
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'jowng
|Alternative form of 雍 (yōng, “harmony; harmonious”) • Alternative form of 壅 (“to obstruct”) • (literary) former name of Nanning
|
|
|邕 • (ong) · 邕 • (ong) (hangeul 옹, revised ong, McCune–Reischauer ong, Yale ong)
|
|Hán-Nôm : ung
|
|邕
|-
|邢
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hîng • Middle-Chinese : heng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥˇ
|a surname • name of ancient state situated in modern-day Hebei province ‖ Synonym of 耿: a place in modern Henan or Shanxi
|
|
|邢 • (hyeong) · 邢 • (hyeong) (hangeul 형, revised hyeong, McCune–Reischauer hyŏng, Yale hyeng)
|
|Hán-Nôm : hình
|
|邢
|-
|邱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷɯ) : phonetic 丘 (OC *kʰʷɯ) + semantic 邑 (“city; town”) \ This character originated from the naming taboo of Confucius, 孔丘 (Kǒng Qiū).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khu • Middle-Chinese : khjuw
|Alternative form of 丘 (“mound; dune; hill”) • a surname
|
|
|邱 • (gu) · 邱 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|
|Hán-Nôm : khâu • Hán-Nôm : khưu
|
|邱
|-
|邵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djews) : phonetic 召 (OC *dews, *djews) + semantic 阝.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siō • Middle-Chinese : dzyewH
|Name of various places in Ancient China. • Short for 邵陽／邵阳 (Shàoyáng, “Shaoyang”). • (～族) Thao people (a Taiwanese aborigine ethnic group, from Thao Thau) • a surname • (Eastern Min) to praise, appreciate • (Eastern Min) to brag • (Eastern Min) to admire
|
|
|邵 (eum 소 (so))
|
|Hán-Nôm : nghẹo • Hán-Nôm : thiệt
|
|邵
|-
|鄉
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𠨍 (“two people facing each other”) + 皀 (“a round-mouthed food vessel”) – to feast; the original script of 饗 (OC *qʰaŋʔ). The sense "village" was a result of phonetic borrowing or semantic shifting. \ In early writing, the character was virtually indistinguishable from 卿 (OC *kʰraŋ). Semantically, 卿 (OC *kʰraŋ, “elder; leader”) and 鄉 (OC *qʰaŋ, “community; district; village”), likely cognates too, were both represented by the event depicted in the ideogram – 饗 (OC *qʰaŋʔ, “ritual feasting”), which was central to the community life (Yang, 1965). \ The right half is unrelated to 郎, as 良 in 鄉 was derived from 皀 during the formation of the clerical script. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𠨍 (“two people facing each other”) + 皀 (“a round-mouthed food vessel”) – to feast; the original script of 饗 (OC *qʰaŋʔ). The sense "village" was a result of phonetic borrowing or semantic shifting. \ In early writing, the character was virtually indistinguishable from 卿 (OC *kʰraŋ). Semantically, 卿 (OC *kʰraŋ, “elder; leader”) and 鄉 (OC *qʰaŋ, “community; district; village”), likely cognates too, were both represented by the event depicted in the ideogram – 饗 (OC *qʰaŋʔ, “ritual feasting”), which was central to the community life (Yang, 1965). \ The right half is unrelated to 郎, as 良 in 鄉 was derived from 皀 during the formation of the clerical script. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𠨍 (“two people facing each other”) + 皀 (“a round-mouthed food vessel”) – to feast; the original script of 饗 (OC *qʰaŋʔ). The sense "village" was a result of phonetic borrowing or semantic shifting. \ In early writing, the character was virtually indistinguishable from 卿 (OC *kʰraŋ). Semantically, 卿 (OC *kʰraŋ, “elder; leader”) and 鄉 (OC *qʰaŋ, “community; district; village”), likely cognates too, were both represented by the event depicted in the ideogram – 饗 (OC *qʰaŋʔ, “ritual feasting”), which was central to the community life (Yang, 1965). \ The right half is unrelated to 郎, as 良 in 鄉 was derived from 皀 during the formation of the clerical script.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiang • Middle-Chinese : xjang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoeng³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˇ
|township • countryside; country; rural area • one's native place • place • state; situation • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 嚮／向 ‖ Alternative form of 饗／飨 (xiǎng)
|
|hometown
|鄉 • (hyang) · 鄉 • (hyang) (hangeul 향, revised hyang, McCune–Reischauer hyang, Yale hyang)
|alternative form of 鄕
|Hán-Nôm : hương
|
|鄉
|-
|鄒
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsru) : phonetic 芻 (OC *sʰro) + semantic 邑 (“city; state”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsau • Middle-Chinese : tsrjuw
|(historical) Zou (an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty) • (～族) Tsou (a Taiwanese aborigine ethnic group, borrowed from Tsou Cou) • a surname
|
|
|鄒 (eum 추 (chu))
|
|Hán-Nôm : trâu
|
|鄒
|-
|鄧
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dɯːŋs) : phonetic 登 (OC *tɯːŋ) + semantic 阝 (“city”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīng • Middle-Chinese : dongH
|The name of an ancient kingdom. • a surname
|
|
|鄧 (eum 등 (deung))
|
|Hán-Nôm : đặng • Hán-Nôm : đẵng • Hán-Nôm : đựng • Hán-Nôm : nựng • Hán-Nôm : dằng • Hán-Nôm : dựng • Hán-Nôm : đắng • Hán-Nôm : rặng
|chữ Hán form of Đặng (“a surname”).
|鄧
|-
|鄭
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deŋs) : phonetic 奠 (OC *diːŋs) + semantic 邑.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tēnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīng • Middle-Chinese : drjengH
|(historical) Zheng (a former state in modern-day Henan, during the Zhou dynasty) • Used in 鄭重／郑重 (zhèngzhòng, “solemn”). • a surname
|
|courteous • (historical) Zheng
|鄭 (eumhun 나라 이름 정 (nara ireum jeong)) · 鄭 (eumhun 성씨 정 (seongssi jeong))
|(historical) A former state in modern-day Henan • a surname
|Hán-Nôm : trịnh • Hán-Nôm : Trịnh
|chữ Hán form of trịnh (“solemn”). • chữ Hán form of Trịnh (“a surname”).
|鄭
|-
|鄱
| ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bo³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : po⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ba ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ
| ‖  ‖
|
|
|鄱 • (pa) · 鄱 • (pa) (hangeul 파)
|
|
|
|鄱
|-
|酊
| ‖ Derived from Latin tinctura.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tíng • Middle-Chinese : tengX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding¹
|Only used in 酩酊 (mǐngdǐng, “heavily intoxicated”). ‖ tincture
|
|
|酊 • (jeong) · 酊 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
|
|
|
|酊
|-
|酋
|Pictogram (象形) : Some exposed liquid (八) above an alcohol vessel (酉).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siû • Middle-Chinese : dzjuw
|chief of a tribe, chieftain • superintendent of the preparation of liquors
|
|chief, leader
|酋 • (chu) · 酋 • (chu) (hangeul 추, revised chu, McCune–Reischauer ch'u, Yale chwu)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tù
|
|酋
|-
|酩
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîng • Middle-Chinese : mengX
|Only used in 酩酊 (mǐngdǐng) and 酩子裡／酩子里.
|
|
|酩 • (myeong) · 酩 • (myeong) (hangeul 명, revised myeong, McCune–Reischauer myŏng, Yale myeng)
|
|Hán-Nôm : mỉnh
|
|酩
|-
|醃
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jip³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : am • Middle-Chinese : 'jem • Middle-Chinese : 'jaem
|to salt; to pickle; to cure • to marinate
|
|
|醃 • (eom) · 醃 • (eom) (hangeul 엄, McCune–Reischauer ŏm, Yale em)
|
|
|
|醃
|-
|醞
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan³ • Middle-Chinese : 'junX • Middle-Chinese : 'junH
|(literary) to ferment an alcoholic beverage • (literary) wine
|
|liquor • spirits • wine • fermentation
|醞 • (on) · 醞 • (on) (hangeul 온, revised on, McCune–Reischauer on, Yale on)
|brew • harmony
|
|
|醞
|-
|醣
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 酉 (“oxygenated functional group”) + phonetic 唐. 酉 is a common component in other organic compounds with oxygen, such as 醇 (chún, “alcohol”), 醛 (quán, “aldehyde”) and 酮 (tóng, “ketone”).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|醣
|-
|醬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaŋs) : phonetic 將 (OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs) + semantic 酉 (“drink”). \ Possibly from 漿 (OC *[ts]aŋ) with *-s suffix (cf. Baxter and Sagart's (2014) reconstruction). ‖ Borrowed from Japanese ちゃん (-chan). ‖ Contraction of 這樣／这样 (zhèyàng) (Zhao and Fang, 2015).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiùnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiònn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàng • Middle-Chinese : tsjangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˋ
|sauce or paste made of fermented beans, flour, etc. • thick sauce; jam • to cook in soy sauce • (Hong Kong Cantonese) Short for 花生醬. ‖ (ACG, Internet slang) -chan ‖ (Taiwan, Malaysia or Internet slang) (in) this way • (Malaysia) then; in that case
|
|a kind of miso • any jam-like or paste-like food
|醬 (eumhun 젓갈 장 (jeotgal jang))
|any jam-like or paste-like food
|canonical : 醬: Hán Việt readings: tương 醬: Nôm readings: tương
|chữ Hán form of tương (“sauce”).
|醬
|-
|醺
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰun) : semantic 酉 + phonetic 熏 (OC *qʰun).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan¹ • Middle-Chinese : xjun
|to be drunk; to intoxicate with alcohol
|
|hunger
|
|
|
|
|醺
|-
|釀
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liāng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nn̄g • Middle-Chinese : nrjangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liông
|to brew; to ferment • (of bees) to make (honey) • to lead to; to result in • to stuff (a stuffing made of meat, fish, shrimp, etc.) into a vegetable, tofu, etc. and fry or steam • wine; liquor ‖ Only used in 酒釀／酒酿 (jiǔniáng), alternative form of 酒娘
|
|
|釀 • (yang) · 釀 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang)
|
|Hán-Nôm : nhưỡng • Hán-Nôm : nưỡng • Hán-Nôm : nẫng • Hán-Nôm : nãng
|
|釀
|-
|釁
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hìn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hùn • Middle-Chinese : xinH
|(historical) blood rite, in which the blood of a sacrifice is smeared upon an object • (historical) blood rite, in which the blood of a sacrifice is smeared upon an object · (archaic) to smear (with blood) • (archaic) crack; rift • dispute; quarrel; feud • a surname
|
|to smear with blood
|釁 • (heun) · 釁 • (heun) (hangeul 흔, revised heun, McCune–Reischauer hŭn, Yale hun)
|
|Hán-Nôm : hấn • Hán-Nôm : hắn
|
|釁
|-
|釉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lɯwɢs) : semantic 采 (“color”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iu
|glaze
|
|pottery glaze
|釉 • (yu) · 釉 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
|
|Hán-Nôm : dứu
|
|釉
|-
|釐
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯ) : phonetic 𠩺 () + semantic 里. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯ) : phonetic 𠩺 () + semantic 里.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴⁻¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Middle-Chinese : li ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹
|centi- (SI unit prefix) • cash, a unit of weight, equal to one tenth of a 分 (fēn, “candareen”) • 0.001 dollars, yuan, etc.; 0.1 cents, fen, etc. (currency unit) • unit of monthly interest (0.01%), unit of annual interest (1%) • Alternative form of 嫠 (lí) ‖ Alternative form of 禧 (xǐ, “auspicious; lucky”) • a surname
|
|few • one tenth of a bu
|釐 (eumhun 고칠 리 (gochil ri), word-initial (South Korea) 고칠 이 (gochil i)) ‖ 釐 (eumhun 제육 희 (jeyuk hui)) ‖ 釐 (eumhun 보리 래 (bori rae), word-initial (South Korea) 보리 내 (bori nae))
|manage, control • 1/1000 of a foot ‖  ‖
|Hán-Nôm : li • Hán-Nôm : ly
|
|釐
|-
|釗
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ziu¹ • Middle-Chinese : kew • Middle-Chinese : tsyew
|(literary) to encourage • a surname
|
|
|釗 • (soe) · 釗 • (soe) (hangeul 쇠, revised soe, McCune–Reischauer soe, Yale soy)
|
|Hán-Nôm : chiêu
|
|釗
|-
|釘
|Characters in the same phonetic series (丁) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːŋ, *teːŋs) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ). \ Some theorize that 丁 (OC *teːŋ) originally meant “nail”. After subsequently losing this original meaning, the character 釘／钉 was created to represent “nail” with the semantic element 金 (“metal”) added. \ Related to 定 (OC *teːŋs, *deːŋs) (Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Pronunciation 2 is a denominal verb derivation of pronunciation 1. \ ; “to die” ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (丁) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːŋ, *teːŋs) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ). \ Some theorize that 丁 (OC *teːŋ) originally meant “nail”. After subsequently losing this original meaning, the character 釘／钉 was created to represent “nail” with the semantic element 金 (“metal”) added. \ Related to 定 (OC *teːŋs, *deːŋs) (Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Pronunciation 2 is a denominal verb derivation of pronunciation 1. \ ; “to die”
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ting • Middle-Chinese : teng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìng • Middle-Chinese : tengH
|(obsolete, rare) gold slab • nail (spike-shaped fastener) • body piercing • to monitor; to urge • Alternative form of 盯 (dīng, “to keep eyes on; to stare at”) • Alternative form of 叮 (dīng, “to sting; to bite”) • (literary) lamp ‖ to nail; to staple • to sew on • (Cantonese, slang) to die • (obsolete, rare) gold
| ‖ 釘(くぎ) • (kugi)
| ‖ a nail; a spike made of metal or hard material used to stick something
|釘 • (jeong) · 釘 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
|
|Hán-Nôm : đinh • Hán-Nôm : đanh • Hán-Nôm : đính • Hán-Nôm : đĩnh
|
|釘
|-
|釦
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiò • Middle-Chinese : khuwX
|button (knob or small disc serving as a fastener) • (archery) metal loop at the nock point of a bow string • to engrave; to decorate
| ‖
|button ‖
|釦 • (gu) · 釦 • (gu) (hangeul 구)
|
|Hán-Nôm : khấu • Hán-Nôm : khẩu
|
|釦
|-
|釧
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰjons) : semantic 金 + phonetic 川 (OC *kʰjon).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuan • Middle-Chinese : tsyhwenH
|(literary or chiefly Southern Min) bracelet; armlet • a surname
|
|bracelet
|釧 • (cheon) · 釧 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen)
|
|Hán-Nôm : xuyến • Hán-Nôm : xén • Hán-Nôm : xoắn • Hán-Nôm : xoăn
|
|釧
|-
|釵
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : the • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshai • Middle-Chinese : tsrhea
|(dated) ornamental forked hairpin
| ‖ 釵(さい) • (sai) ‖ 釵(かんざし) • (kanzashi) ‖ 釵(かざし) • (kazashi)
| ‖ (weaponry) a sai: a short blunt weapon with a wide guard, used mainly for defense against opponents armed with swords ‖ a hairpin, particularly a fancy decorative hairpin used in Japanese women's hairstyles ‖ (obsolete) an ornamental hairpin (see above)
|釵 • (chae, cha) · 釵 • (chae, cha) (hangeul 채, 차, revised chae, cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'ae, ch'a, Yale chay, cha)
|
|Hán-Nôm : thoa • Hán-Nôm : soa • Hán-Nôm : sai
|
|釵
|-
|鈉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njobs) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 內 (OC *nuːbs). \ Borrowed from New Latin natrium. Ultimately from Egyptian nṯrj: R9 ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍p ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naap⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄟˋ • Middle-Chinese : nywejH
|sodium ‖ to forge iron ‖ Alternative form of 枘 (ruì, “tenon”) • Alternative form of 𨧨 (“sharp; pointed”)
|
|
|鈉 • (nap) · 鈉 • (nap) (hangeul 납, revised nap, McCune–Reischauer nap, Yale nap)
|
|
|
|鈉
|-
|鈐
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kim⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gjem
|official seal • to affix a seal to • tea-curing tool • stratagem; plot; plan; strategy; tactic • (figurative) key (to something) • a surname: Qian
|
|
|鈐 • (geom) · 鈐 • (geom) (hangeul 검, revised geom, McCune–Reischauer kŏm, Yale kem)
|
|
|
|鈐
|-
|鈔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws) : semantic 金 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshà • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaew • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaewH
|paper money; banknotes • Alternative form of 抄
| ‖ 鈔(しょう) • (shō) ^(←せう (seu)?)
| ‖ an excerpt, an extract (writing) • an annotation • a unit of volume, equal to one tenth of a 勺 (shaku) and one hundredth of a 合 (gō), or approximately 1.8 millilitres
|鈔 • (cho) · 鈔 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)
|
|
|
|鈔
|-
|鈕
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nuʔ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 丑 (OC *n̥ʰuʔ). \ The Manchu surname is clipping of 鈕祜祿／钮祜禄 (Niǔhùlù), from Manchu ᠨᡳᠣᡥᡠᡵᡠ (niohuru).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : nau⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liú • Middle-Chinese : nrjuwX
|button (on clothes) • button (something to be pressed) • a surname, particularly common among Manchus
| ‖
| ‖
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nữu • Hán-Nôm : nạo • Hán-Nôm : nút
|
|鈕
|-
|鈞
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷin) : phonetic 匀 (OC *ɢʷin) + semantic 金 (“metal”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kin • Middle-Chinese : kjwin
|(historical) ancient unit of measure equivalent to 30 catties or 15 kilograms • (polite) you; your • potter's wheel • tone; tune
|
|
|鈞 • (gyun) · 鈞 • (gyun) (hangeul 균, revised gyun, McCune–Reischauer kyun, Yale kyun)
|
|Hán-Nôm : quân
|
|鈞
|-
|鈣
|Borrowed from New Latin calcium.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : koi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kài
|calcium (Ca)
|
|calcium (Ca)
|鈣 • (gae) · 鈣 • (gae) (hangeul 개, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)
|
|Hán-Nôm : cái
|
|鈣
|-
|鈷
| ‖  ‖  ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 鈷 – see 瑚. \ (This character is a variant form of 瑚).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo • Middle-Chinese : kuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˋ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo
|cobalt ‖ Only used in 鈷鉧／钴𬭁 (gǔmǔ). ‖ to break ‖ (Southern Min) pot (classifier for bottled liquid)
| ‖ 鈷(こ) • (ko)
|an iron (appliance for removing wrinkles from clothing) • (Buddhism) a vajra • cobalt ‖ cobalt
|鈷 • (go) · 鈷 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|
|Hán-Nôm : cổ • Hán-Nôm : cỗ
|
|鈷
|-
|鈸
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pua̍h • Middle-Chinese : bat ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuah
|cymbals; bo ‖ (Zhangzhou Hokkien) long sickle • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to scrape with a long sickle
|
|
|鈸 • (bal) · 鈸 • (bal) (hangeul 발, revised bal, McCune–Reischauer pal, Yale pal)
|(동발 발, dongbal-): cymbal
|
|鈸 (bạt)
|鈸
|-
|鈾
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iû
|(chemistry) uranium
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : du • Hán-Nôm : do
|
|鈾
|-
|鉀
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːb, *kraːb) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb, “armour”) \ Borrowed from New Latin kalium. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kap ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Middle-Chinese : kap
|(chemistry) potassium ‖ Only used in 鉀鑪／钾𬬻.
|
|
|鉀 • (gap) · 鉀 • (gap) (hangeul 갑, revised gap, McCune–Reischauer kap, Yale kap)
|
|Hán-Nôm : giáp
|
|鉀
|-
|鉋
|
|
|
| ‖ 鉋(かんな) • (kanna) ‖ 鉋(かな) • (kana)
|a plane (woodworking) ‖ (woodworking tools) a plane ‖ (woodworking tools, possibly dialect) a plane
|鉋 • (po) · 鉋 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o, Yale pho)
|
|
|
|鉋
|-
|鉑
|; “thin sheet of metal”
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po̍k
|Alternative form of 箔 (bó, “thin sheet of metal”) • (chemistry) platinum (metal)
|
|
|鉑 (eumhun 금백 백 (geumbaek baek))
|hanja form of 금 (“gold leaf, platinum”)
|Hán-Nôm : bạc • Hán-Nôm : bạch
|silver
|鉑
|-
|鉗
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kim⁴⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : kem⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khînn • Middle-Chinese : gjem
|claw of a crustacean (Classifier: 個／个 c) • pincers, pliers, tongs • to grab or pinch with a plier or a crustacean claw
|
|
|鉗 • (gyeom) · 鉗 • (gyeom) (hangeul 겸, revised gyeom, McCune–Reischauer kyŏm, Yale kyem)
|
|
|
|鉗
|-
|銃
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjuŋs) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 充 (OC *l̥ʰjuŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìng • Middle-Chinese : tsyhuwngH
|blunderbuss • (Eastern Min, Southern Min, Taiwanese Hakka) gun; firearm (Classifier: 支 mn)
| ‖ 銃(じゅう) • (jū) ^(←じゆう (zyuu)?) ‖ 銃(つつ) • (tsutsu)
|gun ‖ gun (firearm) ‖ gun, firearm
|銃 • (chong) · 銃 • (chong) (hangeul 총)
|gun, rifle, firearm
|Hán-Nôm : súng • Hán-Nôm : xúng
|gun, firearm
|銃
|-
|銓
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun⁴ • Middle-Chinese : tshjwen
|to estimate • to select
|
|
|銓 • (jeon) · 銓 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|
|
|
|銓
|-
|銖
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Middle-Chinese : dzyu
|(historical) zhu (an ancient Chinese unit of weight notionally equivalent to 100 millet seeds or 1/24 liang/tael, chiefly used for denominating small coins) • Thai baht (currency unit) • a surname
|
|
|銖 • (su) · 銖 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|
|
|
|銖
|-
|銜
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːm) : semantic 行 + phonetic 金 (OC *krɯm).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haam⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâm • Middle-Chinese : haem
|to hold in the mouth • to harbor (hold in one's thoughts) • to connect • rank; title • (literary, or in compounds) to accept • (literary, or in compounds) bit (of a horse)
|
|
|銜 • (ham) · 銜 • (ham) (hangeul 함, revised ham, McCune–Reischauer ham, Yale ham)
|
|Hán-Nôm : hàm
|
|銜
|-
|銬
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khàu
|shackles; manacles • to shackle; to manacle
|
|
|
|
|
|
|銬
|-
|銳
| ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : juē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luē • Middle-Chinese : ywejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄟˋ • Middle-Chinese : dwajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ
|sharp; keen; acute; pointed • 14th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "penetration" (𝌓) ‖ A kind of spear-like weapon. ‖ ^‡ Only used in 銚銳／铫锐 (“basin”).
|
|pointed • sharpness • edge • weapon • sharp • violent
|銳 • (ye, tae) · 銳 • (ye, tae) (hangeul 예, 태, revised ye, tae, McCune–Reischauer ye, t'ae, Yale yey, thay)
|sharp • swift • agile
|Hán-Nôm : nhuệ • Hán-Nôm : nhọn
|
|銳
|-
|銷
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sew) : semantic 金 + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siau • Middle-Chinese : sjew
|to melt • to sell • to expend • to cancel; to write off • to bolt • peg; pin; bolt • a surname: Xiao
|
|
|銷 • (so) · 銷 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tiêu • Hán-Nôm : tiu • Hán-Nôm : tỏe • Hán-Nôm : toẻ
|
|銷
|-
|銻
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *diːl) : semantic 金 (“gold; metal”) + phonetic 弟 (OC *diːlʔ, *diːls). ‖ Borrowed from New Latin stibium.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˊ • Middle-Chinese : dej ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : the
|(obsolete) Only used in 鎕銻／𰾯锑 (tángtí, “a type of gemstone, with a fire-like appearance”). ‖ (chemistry) antimony
|
|
|銻 • (je) · 銻 • (je) (hangeul 제, revised je, McCune–Reischauer che, Yale cey)
|
|
|
|銻
|-
|銼
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰoːls, *zoːl, *zoːɡ) : semantic 金 + phonetic 坐 (OC *zoːlʔ, *zoːls).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : co³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshò • Middle-Chinese : dzwa • Middle-Chinese : tshwaH • Middle-Chinese : dzuwk
|carpenter's file, file smooth
|
|
|
|
|
|
|銼
|-
|鋁
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 呂. \ Borrowed from New Latin aluminium.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí
|(chemistry) aluminium; aluminum
|
|aluminum
|鋁 • (ryeo) · 鋁 • (ryeo) (hangeul 려, revised ryeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ, Yale lye)
|
|Hán-Nôm : lã • Hán-Nôm : lữ
|
|鋁
|-
|鋅
|Borrowed from English zinc. ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 鋅 – see 釨. \ (This character is a variant form of 釨). \ Borrowed from English sink.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sin ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : sing¹
|(chemistry) zinc ‖ (Cantonese) Only used in 鋅盆／锌盆.
|
|
|鋅 • (ja) · 鋅 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)
|
|
|
|鋅
|-
|鋒
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Middle-Chinese : phjowng
|pointed edge; cutting edge • (figurative) vanguard; pioneer • (meteorology) front
| ‖ 鋒(ほこ) • (hoko)
| ‖ Alternative spelling of 矛
|鋒 • (bong) · 鋒 • (bong) (hangeul 봉, revised bong, McCune–Reischauer pong, Yale pong)
|
|Hán-Nôm : phong
|
|鋒
|-
|鋤
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zra) : semantic 金 + phonetic 助 (OC *zras).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshôo • Middle-Chinese : dzrjo
|hoe • to hoe; to dig • to remove; to get rid of; to eradicate • (Cantonese) to bring someone negative consequences
|
|
|鋤 • (seo) · 鋤 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)
|(호미 서): hoe (short-handled, one-handed) • (김맬 서): to weed, eradicate, compare mow, hew, hoe. • (없앨 서): to remove, eliminate
|Hán-Nôm : sừ • Hán-Nôm : xừ
|
|鋤
|-
|鋪
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaː, *pʰaːs, *pʰa) : semantic 金 (“gold; metal”) + phonetic 甫 (OC *paʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaː, *pʰaːs, *pʰa) : semantic 金 (“gold; metal”) + phonetic 甫 (OC *paʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaː, *pʰaːs, *pʰa) : semantic 金 (“gold; metal”) + phonetic 甫 (OC *paʔ).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : pou¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phoo • Middle-Chinese : phu • Middle-Chinese : phju ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou³⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phòo • Middle-Chinese : phuH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : pou¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phoo
|to spread out; to arrange • to display • to pave; to tile; to lay • (Cantonese) Classifier for games or matches. • (Cantonese) Classifier for addictions. ‖ store (Classifier: 間／间 c) • relay station for post horses • (Cantonese, Northern Min, Eastern Min, Southern Min, Nanning Pinghua, Wenzhounese) unit of distance equivalent to 10 li ‖ bed
|
|
|鋪 • (po) · 鋪 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o, Yale pho)
|
|Hán-Nôm : phô • Hán-Nôm : phố • Hán-Nôm : pho
|
|鋪
|-
|鋭
|
|
|
| ‖ 鋭(えい) • (ei) ‖ 鋭(えい) • (ei) -na (adnominal 鋭(えい)な (ei na), adverbial 鋭(えい)に (ei ni)) ‖ 鋭(えい) • (ei)
|sharp ‖ sharp; pointed; acute; keen ‖ (literary) keen ‖ (literary) sharp weapon • (literary) elite; pick
|鋭 • (ye, tae) · 鋭 • (ye, tae) (hangeul 예, 태, revised ye, tae, McCune–Reischauer ye, t'ae, Yale yey, thay)
|
|Hán-Nôm : nhọn • Hán-Nôm : nhuệ • Hán-Nôm : duệ
|
|鋭
|-
|鋸
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kas) : semantic 金 + phonetic 居 (OC *kɯ, *kas). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kì • Middle-Chinese : kjoH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : goe¹
|saw (tool) (Classifier: 把 m c) • to saw • to amputate • (dialectal) to play (a stringed instrument) ‖ to kill; to slaughter • (Cantonese, figuratively) to swindle (to obtain by deceitful methods)
| ‖ 鋸(のこぎり) or 鋸(ノコギリ) • (nokogiri)
|saw ‖ a saw (tool)
|鋸 (eum 거 (geo))
|
|Hán-Nôm : cưa
|
|鋸
|-
|錐
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jeoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsui • Middle-Chinese : tsywij
|awl • awl-like object • to drill; to bore • cone; pyramid
| ‖ 錐(きり) • (kiri) ‖ 錐(すい) • (sui)
| ‖ a pointy tool used to make holes, such as a drill, a gimlet, an auger or an awl ‖ Clipping of 錐体 (suitai, “cone or pyramid”).
|錐 (eum 추 (chu))
|
|Hán-Nôm : dùi
|
|錐
|-
|錘
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dol, *dols, *du) : semantic 金 + phonetic 垂 (OC *djol).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄟˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuî • Middle-Chinese : drjwe • Middle-Chinese : drjweH
|hammer • mace (weapon) • (literally, figuratively) to hammer into shape; to forge • (Mainland China, neologism, slang) proof • (historical) an ancient unit of weight • a surname: Chui
| ‖ 錘(おもり) • (omori)
|weight, sinker • spindle ‖ Alternative form of 重り (omori, “weight; sinker”)
|錘 • (chu) · 錘 • (chu) (hangeul 추)
|
|Hán-Nôm : chuy • Hán-Nôm : chùy • Hán-Nôm : chuỳ • Hán-Nôm : dùi • Hán-Nôm : thùy • Hán-Nôm : thuỳ
|
|錘
|-
|錚
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰreːŋ) : semantic 金 + phonetic 爭 (OC *ʔsreːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zang¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsrheang
|onomatopoeia for the sound of metal objects being struck • (historical) an ancient type of percussion instrument, made of copper, bell-shaped, and narrow, used to pace the marching of armies
|
|gong • onomatopoeia for the sound of metal objects being struck
|錚 (eumhun 쇳소리 쟁 (soetsori jaeng))
|metallic sound • gong (a type of percussion instrument used in folk music)
|Hán-Nôm : trành • Hán-Nôm : tranh
|
|錚
|-
|錨
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 苗 (OC *mrew).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biâu
|anchor
| ‖ 錨(いかり) • (ikari) ‖ 錨(びょう) • (byō) ^(←べう (beu)?)
| ‖ (nautical) an anchor (tool to moor a vessel into the sea bottom) • an anchor-shaped tool on the end of a rope or other line, used to secure the line • an anchor-shaped grapnel • a kind of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) in the shape of an anchor ‖ (nautical) anchor
|錨 • (myo) · 錨 • (myo) (hangeul 묘, revised myo, McCune–Reischauer myo, Yale myo)
|(닻): anchor
|Hán-Nôm : miêu
|
|錨
|-
|錫
|Characters in the same phonetic series (易) (Zhengzhang, 2003) ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sek⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Middle-Chinese : sek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˊ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : sek³
|tin ‖ ^† Alternative form of 賜／赐 (“to bestow; to confer”) ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 惜 (sek3, “to cherish; to kiss”)
| ‖ 錫(しゃく) • (shaku)
|tin ‖ Short for 錫杖.
|錫 • (seok) · 錫 • (seok) (hangeul 석, revised seok, McCune–Reischauer sŏk, Yale sek)
|
|Hán-Nôm : thiếc • Hán-Nôm : tích • Hán-Nôm : xích
|
|錫
|-
|錳
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 孟. \ From New Latin manganum.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : maang⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bíng
|(chemistry) manganese
|
|
|錳 • (maeng) · 錳 • (maeng) (hangeul 맹, revised maeng, McCune–Reischauer maeng, Yale mayng)
|
|
|
|錳
|-
|錶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 金 + phonetic 表 (OC *prawʔ). \ Differentiated character from 表 (biǎo) coined c. 1900.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : biu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : biu² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pió
|watch (portable timepiece) (Classifier: 塊／块 m) • (specifically) wristwatch (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • gauge; meter; instrument
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : biểu
|
|錶
|-
|鍍
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo • Middle-Chinese : du • Middle-Chinese : duH
|to plate; to cover (a metal object) with a thin coating of a different metal
|
|
|鍍 • (do) · 鍍 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to)
|
|
|
|鍍
|-
|鍥
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keːd, *kʰeːd) : semantic 金 (“metal; gold”) + phonetic 契 (OC *kʰeːds, *kʰeːd, *kʰeːd, *kʰɯd).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : keh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kueh • Middle-Chinese : ket • Middle-Chinese : khet
|
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : kết
|
|鍥
|-
|鍬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 秋 (OC *sʰɯw) – a metal shovel.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiu
|shovel; spade
| ‖ 鍬(くわ) • (kuwa) ^(←くは (kufa)?) ‖ 鍬(くわ) • (Kuwa) ^(←くは (kufa)?)
|hoe ‖ a hoe (agricultural tool) ‖ a surname
|鍬 (eum 초 (cho))
|(가래 초): a spade, shovel, ploughshare
|Hán-Nôm : thâu
|
|鍬
|-
|鍾
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong • Middle-Chinese : tsyowng
|vessel for containing alcohol • to concentrate one's love or attention • unit of capacity • Alternative form of 鐘／钟 (zhōng, “percussion musical instrument; bell”) • (obsolete, chiefly Nanzhao) younger brother • a surname
| ‖ 鍾(しょう) • (shō)
|bronze jar used for storing alcohol ‖ bronze jar used for storing alcohol
|鍾 • (jong) · 鍾 • (jong) (hangeul 종, revised jong, McCune–Reischauer chong, Yale cong)
|음훈: [술병 종] 술병, 술잔 = alcohol bottle, alcohol glass, alcohol receptacle
|Hán-Nôm : chung • Hán-Nôm : chuông
|
|鍾
|-
|鎂
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 美 (měi). \ Borrowed from New Latin magnesium. ‖ Decomposition of the character into its components.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bí ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˇ ㄐㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁵ gam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bí-kim
|(chemistry) magnesium ‖ (neologism, Internet slang) Alternative form of 美金 (měijīn)
|
|
|鎂 • (mi) · 鎂 • (mi) (hangeul 미, revised mi, McCune–Reischauer mi, Yale mi)
|
|Hán-Nôm : mĩ
|
|鎂
|-
|鎊
| ‖ Borrowed from English pound.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤ • Middle-Chinese : phang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong⁶
| ‖ pound (unit of currency)
|
|
|鎊 • (bang) · 鎊 • (bang) (hangeul 방)
|
|
|
|鎊
|-
|鎔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loŋ) : semantic 金 + phonetic 容 (OC *loŋ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iûnn • Middle-Chinese : yowng
|mould for casting • to melt by heat; to turn solid into liquid by heat
|
|to melt by heat • mould for casting
|鎔 • (yong) · 鎔 • (yong) (hangeul 용, revised yong, McCune–Reischauer yong, Yale yong)
|
|
|
|鎔
|-
|鎢
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaː) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 烏 (OC *qaː). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Middle-Chinese : 'u ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo
|Only used in 鎢錥／钨𫓾. ‖ (chemistry) tungsten; wolfram
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ô
|
|鎢
|-
|鎳
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nip⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nip¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gia̍t
|nickel (an element)
|
|
|鎳 • (eol) · 鎳 • (eol) (hangeul 얼, revised eol, McCune–Reischauer ŏl, Yale el)
|
|
|
|鎳
|-
|鏃
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːɡ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 族 (OC *zoːɡ). \ Compare འཛུགས ('dzugs, “to insert; to plant”) (Sagart, 2017d; Hill, 2019), which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-(d)z(j)u(ː)k (“to pierce; to plant; to erect”). \ Sagart (2017) also compares it to Jingpho achyo (“to stab”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tso̍k • Middle-Chinese : tsuwk
|(literary) arrowhead; barb • (literary) sharp • (literary) swift; quick
| ‖ 鏃(やじり) • (yajiri)
| ‖ arrowhead
|鏃 • (jok) · 鏃 • (jok) (hangeul 족, revised jok, McCune–Reischauer chok, Yale cok)
|
|
|
|鏃
|-
|鏈
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ren, *rens, *r̥ʰen) : semantic 金 + phonetic 連 (OC *ren). \ From 連 (MC ljen). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liān ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Middle-Chinese : trhjen • Middle-Chinese : ljen
|chain; wire; cable • chain; shack • to chain • chain (unit of length equal to 22 yards) ‖ copper • lead mine • mine
|
|chain • irons • connection
|鏈 • (ryeon>yeon) · 鏈 • (ryeon>yeon) (hangeul 련>연)
|
|Hán-Nôm : liên
|
|鏈
|-
|鏑
| ‖ Borrowed from New Latin dysprosium.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik⁶ • Middle-Chinese : tek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik¹
|arrowhead ‖ (chemistry) dysprosium
|
|
|鏑 • (jeok) · 鏑 • (jeok) (hangeul 적, revised jeok, McCune–Reischauer chŏk, Yale cek)
|
|Hán-Nôm : đích
|
|鏑
|-
|鏖
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ou¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : 'aw ‖
|(literary) to fight to the end; to engage in a fierce battle • fierce • clamorous • (obsolete) kettle ‖ unclean; unkempt • dust; waste; rubbish
|
|massacre, annihilation, wholesale slaughter
|鏖 • (o) · 鏖 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o)
|
|
|
|鏖
|-
|鏗
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khing • Middle-Chinese : kheang
|to strike, beat, stroke • jingling
|
|onomatopoeia of something hard hits • to strike, to beat
|鏗 (eumhun 금옥(金玉) 소리 갱 (geumok sori gaeng))
|
|Hán-Nôm : keng • Hán-Nôm : khanh
|
|鏗
|-
|鏘
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ • Middle-Chinese : tshjang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄧㄤ
|(onomatopoeia) tinkle; clang; jingle (sound of metal or jade) ‖ (Taiwan, slang) Alternative form of ㄎㄧㄤ (kiāng)
|
|tinkle
|鏘 (eumhun 금옥(金玉) 소리 장 (geumok sori jang))
|tinkle
|Hán-Nôm : tương
|
|鏘
|-
|鏜
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong¹ • Middle-Chinese : thang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴
|a type of small copper drum • (onomatopoeia) drum or gong sound ‖ to bore hole
|
|boring tool
|鏜 • (dang) · 鏜 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang)
|boring tool
|
|
|鏜
|-
|鏟
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋ̊ʰreːnʔ, *sŋ̊ʰraːns) : semantic 金 + phonetic 產 (OC *sŋreːnʔ).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : caan² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshián • Middle-Chinese : tsrheanX • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaenH
|spade; shovel; scoop • to shovel; to level off • to root out; to destroy • (Hong Kong Cantonese) to delete (data on a computer or other device)
|
|
|鏟 • (san) · 鏟 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)
|
|canonical : 鏟: Hán Việt readings: sạn • canonical : sản 鏟: Nôm readings: sản • canonical : san • canonical : sán • canonical : xẻng • canonical : sám
|chữ Hán form of sạn (“shovel”). • Nôm form of xẻng (“shovel”).
|鏟
|-
|鏢
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : biu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pio • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piau • Middle-Chinese : phjiew
|dart; spear; harpoon • (archaic) goods sent under the protection of an armed escort
|
|
|鏢 (eum 표 (pyo))
|
|Hán-Nôm : tiu
|
|鏢
|-
|鏽
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɯwɢs) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 肅 (OC *sɯwɢ). \ Related to 鏉 (OC *srus) (Wang, 1982).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siù
|rust (deteriorated state of iron or steel as a result of moisture and oxidation) • to rust; to get rusty; to corrode; to oxidise • incrustation • rust (disease of plants caused by a reddish-brown fungus)
| ‖
| ‖
|鏽 • (su) · 鏽 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|
|
|
|鏽
|-
|鐃
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rŋaːw) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâ • Middle-Chinese : nraew
|(historical) wide upward-facing bronze bell connected to a short handle and struck with a mallet, used in battle to halt or recall troops • (music) big cymbals • Alternative form of 撓／挠 (náo, “to disturb; to argue; to debate”)
| ‖ 鐃(にょう) • (nyō) ^(←ねう (neu)?) ‖ 鐃(どう) • (dō) ^(←だう (dau)?)
| ‖ in ancient China, a gong used in the army to signal the drumming to stop • (Buddhism) a kind of gong used at Buddhist temples ‖ in ancient China, a gong used in the army to signal the drumming to stop • (Buddhism) a kind of gong used at Buddhist temples
|鐃 • (nyo>yo) · 鐃 • (nyo>yo) (hangeul 뇨>요, revised nyo>yo, McCune–Reischauer nyo>yo, Yale nyo>yo)
|
|
|
|鐃
|-
|鐮
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·rem) : semantic 金 (“gold; metal”) + phonetic 廉 (OC *ɡ·rem). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rjam (“sharp”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nî • Middle-Chinese : ljem
|sickle
|
|Alternative form of 鎌 (“sickle”)
|
|
|canonical : 鐮: Hán Việt readings: liêm 鐮: Nôm readings: liềm • canonical : liêm • canonical : lẹm
|Nôm form of liềm (“sickle”).
|鐮
|-
|鐲
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rdoːɡ, *zroːɡ, *djoɡ) : semantic 金 + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : so̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍k • Middle-Chinese : dzyowk • Middle-Chinese : draewk
|^⁜ bangle; rigid bracelet • (historical) bell used to control the pace of marching troops
|
|
|
|
|canonical : 鐲: Hán Việt readings: trạc 鐲: Nôm readings: đúc • canonical : đục • canonical : đọc • canonical : chạc • canonical : trọc
|chữ Hán form of trạc (“bracelet, gong (instrument)”). • Nôm form of đúc (“to cast metal”).
|鐲
|-
|鐳
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːl) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 雷 (OC *ruːl). \ Borrowed from English radium. ‖ Borrowed from Malay duit, from Dutch duit. ‖ Transliteration character. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luî ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : lui ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luî ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luî • Middle-Chinese : lwoj
|(chemistry) radium ‖ (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien; Zhongshan Min) copper cash; coin • (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien) Classifier for copper cash. • (Malaysian Cantonese and Singapore Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min; Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien; slang in Hong Kong Cantonese) money ‖ Only used in 鐳射／镭射 (léishè). ‖ (archaic) bottle; pitcher
|
|
|
|
|
|
|鐳
|-
|鐸
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːɡ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 睪 (OC *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍k • Middle-Chinese : dak
|(historical) large bronze bell with a wooden or bronze clapper and a long handle, used for war and to announce proclamations • a surname
| ‖ 鐸(ぬりて) • (nurite) ‖ 鐸(ぬて) • (nute) ‖ 鐸(さなき) • (sanaki) ‖ 鐸(たく) • (taku)
|a bell used for signaling • wind chime ‖ (historical) an ancient bell with a long handle used for signalling ‖ (historical) an ancient bell with a long handle used for signalling ‖ (historical) an ancient large iron bell used in rituals ‖ a large bell made of copper or bronze with a long handle on the top to grab and ring
|鐸 (eumhun 방울 탁 (bang'ul tak))
|hanja form of 탁 (“bell”)
|Hán-Nôm : đạc • Hán-Nôm : đác
|
|鐸
|-
|鐺
| ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tong • Middle-Chinese : tang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong¹
|(onomatopoeia) Metallic sound: clank; clang • (literary) earring of women ‖ shallow, flat pan; griddle • an ancient type of pot with legs ‖ a type of small copper drum
|
|chain • tip of a scabbard • flatiron
|鐺 • (dang) · 鐺 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang)
|
|canonical : 鐺: Hán Việt readings: sanh • canonical : thang • canonical : đang • canonical : đương • canonical : tang 鐺: Nôm readings: đương • canonical : xanh
|wok
|鐺
|-
|鑒
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàm • Middle-Chinese : ken • Middle-Chinese : kaemH
|(bronze) mirror • to inspect; to examine • to reflect; to mirror • to evaluate; to assess • perceptiveness; vigilance • reflection • lesson; example; warning • (historical) large reflective basin for holding water or ice
| ‖
| ‖
|鑒 (eumhun 거울 감 (geoul gam))
|Alternative form of 鑑 (“hanja form of 감 (“mirror; inspection”)”)
|Hán-Nôm : giám • Hán-Nôm : gương
|
|鑒
|-
|鑠
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰljawɢ) : semantic 金 (“gold”) + phonetic 樂 (OC *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Middle-Chinese : syak
|to melt by heat; to fuse (metal) • (literary) to weaken; to wear down • (archaic) to permeate; to seep into • fine; glorious • Alternative form of 爍／烁 (“bright; brilliant; glittering”)
|
|
|鑠 • (sak) · 鑠 • (sak) (hangeul 삭, revised sak, McCune–Reischauer sak, Yale sak)
|
|
|
|鑠
|-
|鑣
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : biu¹ • Middle-Chinese : pjew
|horse bit • (metonymically) horse, or any similar animal used for riding • Alternative form of 鏢／镖 (biāo, “dart; goods sent under the protection of an armed escort”)
|
|
|鑣 • (pyo) · 鑣 • (pyo) (hangeul 표, revised pyo, McCune–Reischauer p'yo, Yale phyo)
|
|
|
|鑣
|-
|鑰
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lowɢ) : semantic 金 + phonetic 龠 (OC *lowɢ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joek⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io̍h • Middle-Chinese : yak
|Alternative form of 𨷲 (“bolt”) • lock (device or mechanism) • key (to a lock) • (figurative) key (to something) • (figurative) strategic place • a surname
|
|lock
|鑰 • (yak) · 鑰 • (yak) (hangeul 약, revised yak, McCune–Reischauer yak, Yale yak)
|
|Hán-Nôm : dược • Hán-Nôm : thược • Hán-Nôm : thước
|
|鑰
|-
|鑲
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sionn • Middle-Chinese : nyang • Middle-Chinese : sjang • Middle-Chinese : nrjang
|to insert; to inlay; set; mount • to fill • to rim; to edge; to border
|
|
|鑲 • (yang) · 鑲 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tương
|
|鑲
|-
|鑼
|
|Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : la
|gong (Classifier: 面 m)
| ‖ 鑼(どら) • (dora)
|a gong ‖ Alternative spelling of 銅鑼: a gong
|鑼 • (ra>na) · 鑼 • (ra>na) (hangeul 라>나, revised ra>na, McCune–Reischauer ra>na, Yale la>na)
|
|Hán-Nôm : la
|
|鑼
|-
|鑽
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːn, *ʔsoːns) : semantic 釒 + phonetic 贊 (OC *ʔsaːns). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːn, *ʔsoːns) : semantic 釒 + phonetic 贊 (OC *ʔsaːns).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuìnn • Middle-Chinese : tswan ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuìnn • Middle-Chinese : tswanH
|to drill; to bore • to study intensively • to go deep into or go through; to get into; to break through; to pierce • to secure personal gain ‖ drill; auger (tool) • diamond
|
|to start a fire (by friction)
|鑽 • (chan) · 鑽 • (chan) (hangeul 찬)
|
|Hán-Nôm : toản • Hán-Nôm : xoảng • Hán-Nôm : xoàn
|
|鑽
|-
|鑾
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luân • Middle-Chinese : lwan
|a bell attached to a carriage • the carriage of the emperor
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|bell(s) attached to an emperor's carriage • emperor's carriage • emperor
|鑾 • (ran>nan) · 鑾 • (ran>nan) (hangeul 란>난, revised ran>nan, McCune–Reischauer ran>nan, Yale lan>nan)
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|Hán-Nôm : loan
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|鑾
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|鑿
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 𥽿 (). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 𥽿 (). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 𥽿 (). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 𥽿 ().
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zok⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zok⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsha̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tso̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa̍k • Middle-Chinese : dzak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zok⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zok⁶ • Middle-Chinese : tsak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨˊ • Middle-Chinese : dzuwk
|chisel • to bore; to cut a hole; to chisel • to dig • (obsolete) tool for tattooing the face as punishment • (literary) to interpret in a strained manner • (obsolete) Used in 鑿行／凿行. • (obsolete) Used in 鑿空／凿空 (záokōng). • (obsolete) feeling; emotion • (literary or Beijing Mandarin) to beat forcefully • (Hokkien) to stab; to pierce • (Mainland China Hokkien) to criticize with pointed words; to poke holes in people's holes or secrets • (Taiwanese Hokkien) feeling uncomfortable (when worn, etc.) ‖ hole; mortise • tunnel ‖ real; authentic; irrefutable • ^† Alternative form of 糳 (zuò, “to polish (rice)”) • ^† Alternative form of 糳 (zuò, “polished rice”) • Used in 鑿鑿／凿凿 (zuòzuò). ‖ ^† to carve • ^† Alternative form of 鏃／镞 (“arrow”)
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|鑿 (eumhun 뚫을 착 (ttureul chak)) ‖ 鑿 (eumhun 구멍 조 (gumeong jo))
|hanja form of 착 (“to bore; to pierce”) ‖ (archaic) hanja form of 조 (“hole”)
|Hán-Nôm : tạc • Hán-Nôm : toạc
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|鑿
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|閂
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 門 (“gate”) + 一 (“crossbar”) ― a crossbar over a gate; sealing it closed. \ Compare 關. \ Related to 關 (OC *kroːn) (Zhengzhang, 2003). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suan ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuànn
|bolt; latch; crossbar • to bolt; to latch • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka) to close (a door, a gate, etc.) • (Cantonese) to switch off; to turn off ‖ bolt; latch; crossbar • to bolt; to latch; to lock
| ‖ 閂(かんぬき) • (kannuki) ^(←くわんぬき (kwannuki)?) ‖ 閂(かんぬき) • (Kannuki) ^(←くわんぬき (Kwannuki)?)
| ‖ a heavy, usually wooden, crossbar used to lock across double doors or gates of an entrance to a building, similar to a latch • (sumo) a grip in which one wrestler wraps his arms around both of his opponent’s arms and squeezes them together to maneuver the opponent for a kimedashi or kimetaoshi, or to weaken the opponent’s grip on the mawashi; a type of armbar ‖ a surname
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|閂
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|閃
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 門 (“gate”) + 人 (“person”) — a person running through a gate. \ Possibly iterative devoicing of 燄 (OC *lamʔ, “to be flaming up”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Ultimately from Hebrew שם (Šēm). ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : sim² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siám • Middle-Chinese : syemX • Middle-Chinese : syemH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sim² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Siám ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : sinnh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sínn
|to dodge; to evade • to twist; to sprain; to pull a muscle • to flash • lightning; flash • to sparkle; to shine • sparkling; shiny • to rock; to sway • (dialectal) to leave behind • (Cantonese, colloquial) to leave, especially quickly or suddenly • (neologism) affectionate between couples • a surname ‖ Shem (Biblical character) ‖ (Southern Min) Alternative form of 爍／烁
| ‖ 閃(せん) • (Sen)
|flash • brandish ‖ a female given name
|閃 (eumhun 번쩍일 섬 (beonjjeogil seom))
|hanja form of 섬 (“flash”)
|Hán-Nôm : thiểm
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|閃
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|閒
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 門 (“door”) + 月 (“moon”) – moonlight peeking through a door – interstice; space (original character of 間). \ Karlgren (1957) and Baxter (1992) connect this word with 間 (OC *kreːn, “interstice time”). \ Alternatively, Pulleyblank (1973) suggests that it is cognate with 暇 (OC *ɡraːs, “to be at leisure”). \ Schuessler (2007) considers this unrelated to 間 (OC *kreːn, *kreːns), and instead proposes that this is borrowed from Tai languages, akin to Thai คร้าน (kráan, “lazy; indolent”). 懶 (OC *raːnʔ, “lazy”) may be a colloquial reflex of the same word (ibid.).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : âinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hân • Middle-Chinese : hean
|not busy; idle • vacant; unoccupied; unused • leisurely and carefree • trivial; unimportant • unrelated to one's proper business; extraneous; belonging to others • relaxed; peaceful; tranquil; calm • leisure; spare time; free time • (gambling) player (instead of banker) • a surname • (Hakka) Alternative form of 還／还 (“very”)
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|閒 • (han, gan) · 閒 • (han, gan) (hangeul 한, 간, revised han, gan, McCune–Reischauer han, kan, Yale han, kan)
|leisure, idle • peaceful, tranquil, calm
|Hán-Nôm : gian • Hán-Nôm : nhàn • Hán-Nôm : gián
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|閒
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|閔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrɯnʔ) : semantic 門 (“gate”) + phonetic 文 (OC *mɯn)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bín • Middle-Chinese : minX
|to pity; to feel compassion for • to worry; to concern • a surname
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|閔 • (min) · 閔 • (min) (hangeul 민, revised min, McCune–Reischauer min, Yale min)
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|Hán-Nôm : mẫn
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|閔
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|閘
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːb, *sɡreːb, *qraːb) : semantic 門 (“gate”) + phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa̍p • Middle-Chinese : kap • Middle-Chinese : 'aep
|sluice; floodgate • switch; breaker; brake • (chiefly Cantonese) gate (Classifier: 道 c) • to dam • (Cantonese, Southern Min) to block; to obstruct • (Hong Kong, soccer) fullback • a surname
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|閘 • (gap) · 閘 • (gap) (hangeul 갑, revised gap, McCune–Reischauer kap, Yale kap)
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|閘
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|閡
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡɯːɡs) : semantic 門 (“gate”) + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngoi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ngojH
|to separate; to cut off
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|blocked or separated • to prevent
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|閡
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|閤
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuːb) : semantic 門 (“door”) + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kap • Middle-Chinese : kop ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶
|(literary) side door • throne room • (alt. form 閣) chamber; pavilion • (alt. form 閣) female quarters • a surname ‖ (alt. form 合, 闔) to close; to shut • (alt. form 闔) all of; whole of; entire
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|閤 • (hap) · 閤 • (hap) (hangeul 합, revised hap, McCune–Reischauer hap, Yale hap)
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|Hán-Nôm : các
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|閤
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|閨
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷeː) : semantic 門 (“door”) + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː, “pointed jade tablet”) – arched door in the shape of a 圭 (guī).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kui • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ke • Middle-Chinese : kwej
|(literary) small arched gate • boudoir; lady's chamber
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|閨 • (gyu) · 閨 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu)
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|Hán-Nôm : khuê
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|閨
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|閩
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrɯn, *mɯn) : phonetic 門 (OC *mɯːn) + semantic 虫 (“snake”). The 虫 radical was a common component of the names of barbarians (Schuessler, 2007), probably reflecting the Min people's worship of snakes (Li, 2017). \ Matisoff (2003) relates it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-b/m-ruːl (“snake”), but this comparison is no longer held in STEDT. \ In most modern Min dialects and some other southern dialects (including Hakka and Xiang), it is read with a level tone (平聲), which is the expected reflex based on rime dictionaries. In Mandarin and the remaining southern dialects, it is read with a rising tone (上聲), probably due to analogy with the phonetic component of 閔 (MC minX) (Li, 2017).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄣˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîn • Middle-Chinese : min • Middle-Chinese : mjun
|(historical) Min people (ancient ethnic group) • (～江) Min River (a river in Fujian, China) • Fujian • (～語, ～方言) Min languages • a surname
| ‖ 閩(びん) • (Bin)
| ‖ Min, one of the Ten Kingdoms of China
|閩 • (min) · 閩 • (min) (hangeul 민, revised min, McCune–Reischauer min, Yale min)
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|Hán-Nôm : mân
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|閩
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|閭
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ra) : semantic 門 (“gate”) + phonetic 呂 (OC *ɡ·raʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Middle-Chinese : ljo
|(literary) gate of a lane or alley • (literary) neighborhood; hamlet; lane; alley • (literary) neighborhood; hamlet; lane; alley · (historical) village or neighbourhood of twenty-five families (according to certain historical sources of various authenticity) • a surname
| ‖ 閭(りょ) • (ryo)
|rural area ‖ gate of a village
|閭 • (ryeo>yeo) · 閭 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
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|Hán-Nôm : lữ • Hán-Nôm : lừ • Hán-Nôm : lư
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|閭
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|閱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lod) : semantic 門 + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : et • Middle-Chinese : ywet
|(literary, or in compounds) to inspect; to examine; to review • (literary, or in compounds) to read; to peruse • (literary, or in compounds) to experience; to go through • a surname: Yue
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|to review manuscripts; to read attentively • to inspect; to censor; to review troops
|閱 (eumhun 검열할 열 (geomyeolhal yeol))
|inspect
|Hán-Nôm : duyệt
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|閱
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|閲
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| ‖ 閲(えつ) • (etsu) ‖ 閲(えつ) • (etsu)
|to review manuscripts; to read attentively • to inspect; to censor; to review troops ‖ read; view; examine; inspect • pass (of time); elapse ‖ (literary) viewing; reading; inspection
|閲 (eumhun 검열할 열 (geomyeolhal yeol))
|inspect
|Hán-Nôm : duyệt • Hán-Nôm : dượt
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|閲
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|閻
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|Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâm • Middle-Chinese : yem
|village gate • a surname
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|village gate • good-looking • used as a phonetic sign for the transcription of Sanskrit
|閻 • (yeom) · 閻 • (yeom) (hangeul 염, revised yeom, McCune–Reischauer yŏm, Yale yem)
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|Hán-Nôm : diêm
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|閻
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|闆
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˇ
|Only used in 老闆／老板 (lǎobǎn). ‖ ^‡ to look from a door
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|闆 • (ban) · 闆 • (ban) (hangeul 반, revised ban, McCune–Reischauer pan, Yale pan)
|inside the gate [door, window] • adult • landlord • plank
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|闆
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|闈
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hjw+j
|side door of the palace • imperial concubines' residence • one's parents' bedroom • women's quarters • (historical) imperial examination hall or room
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|gate, door • living quarters
|闈 • (wi) · 闈 • (wi) (hangeul 위, revised wi, McCune–Reischauer wi, Yale wi)
|gate • royal palace • inner room
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|闈
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|闊
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoːd) : semantic 門 (“gate; door”) + phonetic 活 (OC *koːd, *ɡoːd)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuah • Middle-Chinese : khwat
|broad; wide • rich; wealthy • empty; impractical • (Hokkien) big (of someone's mouth)
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|闊 • (hwal) · 闊 • (hwal) (hangeul 활, revised hwal, McCune–Reischauer hwal, Yale hwal)
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|Hán-Nôm : khoát • Hán-Nôm : khoắt
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|闊
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|闋
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Middle-Chinese : khwet
|(literary) to stop; to end • Classifier for songs, poems, etc. • Classifier for stanzas of a poem.
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|close • shut • watch-tower • rest
|闋 • (gyeol) · 闋 • (gyeol) (hangeul 결, revised gyeol, McCune–Reischauer kyŏl, Yale kyel)
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|闋
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|闌
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːn) : semantic 門 (“door”) + phonetic 柬 (OC *kreːnʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lân • Middle-Chinese : lan
|door screen • railing; fence • to exhaust; to use up; to end; to finish; to wane • late (in time)
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|rise high • be well along
|闌 • (ran>nan) · 闌 • (ran>nan) (hangeul 란>난, revised ran>nan, McCune–Reischauer ran>nan, Yale lan>nan)
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|Hán-Nôm : làn • Hán-Nôm : lan
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|闌
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|闐
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *diːn, *diːns) : semantic 門 (“gate”) + phonetic 眞 (OC *ʔljin) ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tin⁴ • Middle-Chinese : den ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tin⁴ • Middle-Chinese : denH
|Used in 闐闐／阗阗; also used as its short form. • (alt. form 填) to fill up ‖ Used in place names
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|闐
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|闔
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha̍p • Middle-Chinese : hap ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kha̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khah
|(literary) door; door leaf • (literary) all of; whole of; entire • (literary) to close; to shut • Alternative form of 盍 (hé, “why not”) • a surname. ‖ (Southern Min) to close, leaving it slightly open • (Mainland China Hokkien) to be detained; to be held up; to get stuck
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|to close; to shut • whole; entire; all • Alternative form of 扉 (“door”)
|闔 • (hap) · 闔 • (hap) (hangeul 합, revised hap, McCune–Reischauer hap, Yale hap)
|to close; to shut • whole; entire; all
|Hán-Nôm : hạp
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|闔
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|闖
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) – a horse (馬) rushing through a gate (門). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cam³ • Middle-Chinese : trhimH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong² • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuànn
|to peek ‖ to rush in; to burst in • to break through; to charge • to lead to (a negative outcome); to incur; to bring about • a surname: Chuang
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|rush in, burst in
|闖 • (teum) · 闖 • (teum) (hangeul 틈, revised teum, McCune–Reischauer t'ŭm, Yale thum)
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|闖
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|闡
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshán • Middle-Chinese : tsyhenX
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|clarify • kanji used to transliterate Buddhist terms borrowed from Sanskrit
|闡 • (cheon) · 闡 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen)
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|Hán-Nôm : xiển • Hán-Nôm : xén • Hán-Nôm : sởn • Hán-Nôm : xển • Hán-Nôm : xèng • Hán-Nôm : siển • Hán-Nôm : xẻn • Hán-Nôm : xởn
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|闡
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|闢
|In the bronze script, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 門 (“door”) + 𠬜 (“two hands pushing open the door”) – to open. \ Since the seal script, now a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beɡ) : semantic 門 + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ). \ Compare 開.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi̍t • Middle-Chinese : bjiek
|to open • to settle; to develop; to open up
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|闢 • (byeok) · 闢 • (byeok) (hangeul 벽, revised byeok, McCune–Reischauer pyŏk, Yale pyek)
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|Hán-Nôm : tịch
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|闢
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|阡
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sn̥ʰiːn) : semantic 阜 (“soil mountain”) + phonetic 千 (OC *sn̥ʰiːn).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin¹ • Middle-Chinese : tshen
|(literary) footpath between fields going north to south
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|(financial, archaic) thousand
|阡 • (cheon) · 阡 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen)
|
|canonical : 阡: Hán Việt readings: thiên 阡: Nôm readings: thiên
|chữ Hán form of thiên (“bank of a rice paddy”).
|阡
|-
|阮
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋon, *ŋonʔ) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon). \ ; “ruan (musical instrument)” ‖ Contraction of 我儂／我侬 (góa-nâng, “we”). See 儂 (“person; pronoun suffix”) for more. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uínn • Middle-Chinese : ngjwonX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : guán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gún ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Middle-Chinese : ngjwon
|a surname: Ruan, Yuen, Nguyễn • (historical) state of Ruan (a small state during the Shang Dynasty) • ruan (a Chinese long-necked fretted round-bodied plucked lute) ‖ (Southern Min, exclusive) we; our • (Hokkien) I; my ‖ The name of a mountain. • Alternative form of 原 (yuán), only used in 五阮關／五阮关.
|
|
|阮 • (wan, won) · 阮 • (wan, won) (hangeul 완, 원, revised wan, won, McCune–Reischauer wan, wŏn, Yale wan, wen)
|
|canonical : 阮: Hán Việt readings: nguyễn 阮: Nôm readings: nguyễn
|Chữ Hán form of Nguyễn (“a surname from Chinese.”).
|阮
|-
|阱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɡeŋʔ, *sɡeŋs) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 阝 (“mound”) + phonetic 井 (OC *skeŋʔ, “well”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeng⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeng² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsíng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsénn • Middle-Chinese : dzjengX
|pitfall, trap
|
|
|阱 (eum 정 (jeong))
|
|
|
|阱
|-
|陀
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁴ • Middle-Chinese : da ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ
|steep bank; rough terrain ‖ (literary) to collapse
|
|
|陀 (eum 타 (ta))
|
|canonical : 陀: Hán Việt readings: đà 陀: Nôm readings: đà • canonical : đã • canonical : đờ
|Nôm form of đã (“to finish, conclude”). • Nôm form of đờ (“sluggish”).
|陀
|-
|陲
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djol) : semantic 阜 (“soil mountain”) + phonetic 垂 (OC *djol)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dzywe
|frontier; border
|
|
|陲 • (su) · 陲 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|
|
|
|陲
|-
|隍
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaːŋ) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 皇 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : hwang
|dry moat • the tutelary deity of a Chinese village, town, or city
|
|dry moat
|隍 • (hwang) · 隍 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
|
|canonical : 隍: Hán Việt readings: hoàng 隍: Nôm readings: hoàng
|chữ Hán form of hoàng (“dry moat”).
|隍
|-
|随
|
|
|
| ‖ 随(ずい) • (zui) ‖ 随(ずい) • (zui) ^†-nari ‖ 随(まにま) • (manima)
|follow, though, notwithstanding • while, during, according to • to obey, submit, comply, act as one is told to ‖  ‖  ‖ following, accompaniment, compliance
|随 • (su) · 随 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|
|
|
|随
|-
|隕
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢunʔ) : semantic 𨸏 + phonetic 員 (OC *ɢon, *ɢun). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢunʔ) : semantic 𨸏 + phonetic 員 (OC *ɢon, *ɢun).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ún • Middle-Chinese : hwinX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴
|to fall • (literary) to destroy • (literary) to lose • (obsolete) Alternative form of 殞／殒 (yǔn, “to die”) ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 員／员 (“surroundings”)
| ‖ 隕(いん) • (in) ^(←ゐん (win)?)
| ‖ fall; fall from the sky to the ground
|隕 (eumhun 떨어질 운 (tteoreojil un))
|hanja form of 운 (“fall”)
|Hán-Nôm : vẫn
|
|隕
|-
|隴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roŋʔ) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóng • Middle-Chinese : ljowngX
|(～山) Mount Long, a mountain in Gansu, China • (～縣) Long County (a county of Shaanxi, China) • Alternative name for 甘肅／甘肃 (Gānsù, “Gansu”). • Alternative form of 壟／垄 (lǒng, “mound; ridge; grave”) • (literary, obsolete) to flourish • a surname
|
|hill • mound
|隴 • (rong>nong) · 隴 • (rong>nong) (hangeul 롱>농, revised rong>nong, McCune–Reischauer rong>nong, Yale long>nong)
|
|Hán-Nôm : luống • Hán-Nôm : lủng • Hán-Nôm : lũng • Hán-Nôm : lõng • Hán-Nôm : lúng
|
|隴
|-
|隷
|
|
|
|
|subordinate, dependency
|
|
|
|
|隷
|-
|隸
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯːds) : phonetic 柰 (OC *naːds) + semantic 隶 (“arrest”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Middle-Chinese : lejH
|(historical) A class of lowly persons or servants in ancient China. • to be subordinate • clerical script
|
|Alternative form of 隷.
|隸 (eumhun 종 례 (jong rye), word-initial (South Korea) 종 예 (jong ye))
|hanja form of 례/예 (“be subserviant to, servant”)
|Hán-Nôm : lệ
|
|隸
|-
|雉
|From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rik ~ *s-ryak (“pheasant, partridge”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). \ *Inside Chinese, cognate with 翟 (OC *r'aːwɢ, *l'eːwɢ, “long-tailed pheasant”) and 雒 (OC *ɡ·raːɡ). \ *Outside Chinese, cognate with Burmese ရစ် (rac), Tibetan སྲེག་པ (sreg pa, “partridge”), Mizo va-hrit. & possibly Chepang [script needed] (rut-waʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǐ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thī • Middle-Chinese : drijX
|pheasant • crenellated wall • an ancient Chinese measuring unit of the area of walls equivalent to three chi in length by one chi in height
| ‖ 雉(きじ) or 雉(キジ) • (kiji)
|green pheasant ‖ a green pheasant
|雉 (eum 치 (chi))
|
|Hán-Nôm : trĩ
|
|雉
|-
|雋
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 隹 (“bird”) + 弓 (“bow”). \ A bow is aiming at a bird upward. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 隹 (“bird”) + 弓 (“bow”). \ A bow is aiming at a bird upward.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon³ • Middle-Chinese : dzjwenX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣˋ
|(obsolete, especially of bird meat) plump; fatty; rich; delicious • (literary) meaningful; thought-provoking • a surname ‖ (literary) Alternative form of 俊 (jùn, “one who is superior in talent; superior in talent”)
|
|excel
|雋 • (jun) · 雋 • (jun) (hangeul 준, revised jun, McCune–Reischauer chun, Yale cwun)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tuấn
|
|雋
|-
|雍
|Variant form of 雝. It's likely that the phonetic component 邕 (OC *qoŋ) corrupted into 玄 at some point since their shapes looked similar in pre-Qin scripts.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong • Middle-Chinese : 'jowng • Middle-Chinese : 'jowngH
|(literary) harmony; peace • (literary) harmonious • Alternative form of 壅 (“to obstruct”) • Alternative form of 擁／拥 (yōng, “to hold”) • Alternative form of 饔 (yōng, “cooked food”) • a surname
|
|softening • mitigation
|雍 • (ong) · 雍 • (ong) (hangeul 옹, revised ong, McCune–Reischauer ong, Yale ong)
|
|Hán-Nôm : ủng • Hán-Nôm : úng • Hán-Nôm : ung
|
|雍
|-
|雛
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zro) : phonetic 芻 (OC *sʰro) + semantic 隹 (“bird”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : co⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : co¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sû • Middle-Chinese : dzrju
|chick; fledgling • infant; toddler • young; small • Used in 鵷雛／鹓雏.
| ‖ 雛(ひな) • (hina) ‖ 雛(ひな) • (hina-) ‖ 雛(ひいな) • (hīna) ^(←ひひな (fifina)?) ‖ 雛(ひよこ) • (hiyoko) ‖ 雛(ひよっこ) • (hiyokko) ‖ 雛(すう) • (sū)
| ‖ a type of small doll, typically standing upright in the Heian period, changing style to a seated posture in the Muromachi period • short for 雛祭り (Hina matsuri) • a chick, a young bird: see the reading hiyoko below ‖ diminutive prefix, carrying favorable connotations such as a sense of cuteness ‖ (archaic) doll ‖ chick, young bird • child; youngling, greenhorn ‖ a chick, a young bird • a child; a youngling, a greenhorn ‖ young, new, a greenhorn
|雛 (eum 추 (chu))
|
|Hán-Nôm : sồ
|
|雛
|-
|雞
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keː) : phonetic 奚 (OC *ɡeː) + semantic 隹 (“short-tailed bird”). \ Onomatopoeic (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Vietic *r-kaa (> Vietnamese gà), Proto-Tai *kajᴮ (“chicken”), Proto-Hmong-Mien *Kəi. \ * (to fire): From 無情雞／无情鸡 (mou⁴ cing⁴ gai¹, “pink slip”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ke • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kere • Middle-Chinese : kej
|chicken; fowl (Classifier: 隻／只 m c) • 10th of the Chinese zodiac animals (rooster) • (slang) female prostitute • (slang) penis • (Cantonese, Huicheng dialect) whistle • (Cantonese, Huicheng dialect, Hokkien) trigger (of a gun) • (Cantonese) weak; useless • (Cantonese, non-productive) Suffix for adjectives describing a weak or useless person. • (Cantonese) to fire; to sack • (Cantonese) Alternative form of 笄
|
|chicken (domesticated fowl) • bird
|雞 (eumhun 닭 계 (dak gye))
|hanja form of 계 (“chicken”)
|canonical : 雞: Nôm readings: gà 雞: Hán Nôm readings: kê
|chicken
|雞
|-
|雯
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯn) : semantic 雨 + phonetic 文 (OC *mɯn). \ From 文 (OC *mɯn, “mark; design; pattern”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bûn • Middle-Chinese : mjun
|multicoloured clouds
|
|patter • rattle
|雯 • (mun) · 雯 • (mun) (hangeul 문, revised mun, McCune–Reischauer mun, Yale mun)
|
|Hán-Nôm : văn
|
|雯
|-
|霆
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 廷 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 廷 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ting⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thîng • Middle-Chinese : deng • Middle-Chinese : dengX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tân
|thunderclap; thunder • lightning ‖ (Southern Min) to make a sound; to ring
|
|
|霆 • (jeong) · 霆 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
|
|
|
|霆
|-
|霏
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei¹ • Middle-Chinese : phj+j
|falling of snow and rain
|
|haze • fall of snow
|霏 • (bi) · 霏 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|
|Hán-Nôm : phi • Hán-Nôm : phay
|
|霏
|-
|霑
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ
|Alternative form of 沾 • (figurative) gratefulness of a lover
|
|moisten, soak, water
|霑 • (jeom) · 霑 • (jeom) (hangeul 점, revised jeom, McCune–Reischauer chŏm, Yale cem)
|
|Hán-Nôm : dìm • Hán-Nôm : triêm • Hán-Nôm : chiêm
|
|霑
|-
|霓
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nî • Middle-Chinese : ngej • Middle-Chinese : ngejH • Middle-Chinese : nget
|secondary rainbow
|
|rainbow
|霓 (eumhun 무지개 예 (mujigae ye))
|hanja form of 예 (“rainbow”)
|
|霓 (nghê, nghi, nghé, mống)
|霓
|-
|霖
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîm • Middle-Chinese : lim
|(literary) long spell of rain; continuous rain
|
|Rain spell, long rain
|霖 • (rim>im) · 霖 • (rim>im) (hangeul 림>임, revised rim>im, McCune–Reischauer rim>im, Yale lim>im)
|
|Hán-Nôm : lâm • Hán-Nôm : lấm • Hán-Nôm : rầm
|
|霖
|-
|霪
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁴ • Middle-Chinese : yim
|(literary) long and persistent rain
|
|rain lasting at least ten days
|霪 • (eum) · 霪 • (eum) (hangeul 음, revised eum, McCune–Reischauer ŭm, Yale um)
|
|
|
|霪
|-
|霽
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsliːls) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zai³ • Middle-Chinese : tsejH
|(literary) to clear up after rain • to cease being angry • bright; sunny
|
|
|霽 • (je) · 霽 • (je) (hangeul 제, revised je, McCune–Reischauer che, Yale cey)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tễ
|
|霽
|-
|霾
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrɯː) : semantic 雨 + phonetic 貍 (OC *p·rɯ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maai⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁴ • Middle-Chinese : meaj
|fog; haze • misty; foggy • dust storm
|
|
|霾 • (mae) · 霾 • (mae) (hangeul 매, revised mae, McCune–Reischauer mae, Yale may)
|
|
|
|霾
|-
|靂
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːɡ) : semantic 雨 + phonetic 歷 (OC *reːɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lik⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Middle-Chinese : lek
|Only used in 霹靂／霹雳 (pīlì).
|
|thunder
|靂 (eumhun 벼락 력 (byeorak ryeok), word-initial (South Korea) 벼락 역 (byeorak yeok))
|hanja form of 력/역 (“thunder”)
|Hán-Nôm : rích
|
|靂
|-
|靄
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːds, *qaːd) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 謁 (OC *qad)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi² • Middle-Chinese : 'ajH • Middle-Chinese : 'at
|mist; haze
| ‖ 靄(もや) • (moya) ‖ 靄(あい) • (ai) ‖ 靄(あい) • (Ai)
| ‖ (meteorology, also figurative) mist ‖ mist, haze • mistiness, haziness ‖ a female given name
|靄 • (ae) · 靄 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ay)
|
|
|
|靄
|-
|静
|
|
|
| ‖ 静(せい) • (sei) ‖ 静(せい) • (sei) ‖ 静(じょう) • (jō) ‖ 静(じょう) • (jō) ^(←じやう (zyau)?)
|calm, quiet, silent ‖ quiet • still, unmoving ‖ stillness ‖ still, fixed, unmoving ‖ (Buddhism) equanimity, upekkhā, a state untroubled by attachment or aversion
|
|
|
|
|静
|-
|靛
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiānn
|indigo (dye) • indigo (colour)
|
|
|靛 • (jeon) · 靛 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|
|
|
|靛
|-
|靦
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : min⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bián ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tin²
| ‖ Used in 靦腆／腼腆 (miǎntiǎn, “shy”).
|
|impudent • feel ashamed
|靦 • (jeon) · 靦 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|
|
|
|靦
|-
|靨
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qeb) : phonetic 厭 (OC *qemʔ, *qems, *qeb) + semantic 面 (“face”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iap • Middle-Chinese : 'jiep
|(literary) dimple (of the face)
| ‖ 靨(えくぼ) • (ekubo) ^(←ゑくぼ (wekubo)?)
|dimple ‖ a dimple (skin depression, especially at corners of the mouth)
|靨 • (yeop) · 靨 • (yeop) (hangeul 엽, revised yeop, McCune–Reischauer yŏp, Yale yep)
|
|Hán-Nôm : yếp • Hán-Nôm : diệp
|
|靨
|-
|靼
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daat³ • Middle-Chinese : tat • Middle-Chinese : tsyet
|
|
|tanned skin • tartars
|靼 (eum 달 (dal))
|
|
|
|靼
|-
|鞅
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng² • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng³ • Middle-Chinese : 'jangX
|martingale (leather strap around a horse's neck) • (alt. form 怏) dissatisfied; discontented
|
|
|鞅 • (ang) · 鞅 • (ang) (hangeul 앙, revised ang, McCune–Reischauer ang, Yale ang)
|
|
|
|鞅
|-
|鞏
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koŋʔ) : phonetic 巩 (OC *koŋʔ) + semantic 革.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khōng • Middle-Chinese : kjowngX
|to fasten using a leather band • to secure; to consolidate • firm; secure • Alternative form of 栱 (gǒng, “post, pillar”) • Alternative form of 恐 (kǒng, “to fear”) • (～國) (historical) State of Gong (a small state during the Spring and Autumn period in modern-day Henan) • (～縣) (historical) Gong County (in modern-day Gongyi, Henan) • (～州) (historical) Gong Prefecture (in modern-day Gong County, Sichuan) • (～州) (historical) Gong Prefecture (in modern-day Longxi County, Gansu) • a surname. Gong
|
|
|鞏 (eum 공 (gong))
|
|Hán-Nôm : củng
|
|鞏
|-
|鞘
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu³ • Middle-Chinese : sjewH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saau¹ • Middle-Chinese : sraew
|scabbard; sheath • tube used to carry valuables ‖ thong
| ‖ 鞘(さや) • (saya)
| ‖ sheath • case • margin
|鞘 • (cho) · 鞘 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)
|
|
|
|鞘
|-
|鞣
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : nyuw • Middle-Chinese : nyuwH
|to tan (of hides, leather, etc.)
|
|
|鞣 • (yu) · 鞣 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
|
|
|
|鞣
|-
|鞦
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiu • Middle-Chinese : tshjuw
|(in compounds or dialectal) swing (hanging seat)
| ‖ 鞦(しりがい) • (shirigai)
|
|鞦 • (chu) · 鞦 • (chu) (hangeul 추, revised chu, McCune–Reischauer ch'u, Yale chwu)
|
|
|
|鞦
|-
|韁
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiang • Middle-Chinese : kjang
|bridle • reins
|
|reins • halter • bridle
|韁 • (gang) · 韁 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)
|reins • bridle
|Hán-Nôm : cương
|
|韁
|-
|韃
|For pronunciation and definitions of 韃 – see 撻 (“to flog; to chastise; etc.”). \ (This character is a variant form of 撻).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : that
|Used in 韃靼／鞑靼 (dádá). • General name for ethnic groups living in Northern China.
|
|Tatars
|韃 • (dal) · 韃 • (dal) (hangeul 달, revised dal, McCune–Reischauer tal, Yale tal)
|
|canonical : 韃: Hán Việt readings: thát
|
|韃
|-
|韆
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshian • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khan • Middle-Chinese : tshjen
|(in compounds) swing (hanging seat)
|
|
|韆 • (cheon) · 韆 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen)
|
|
|
|韆
|-
|韋
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 舛 + 囗 – footsteps around an enclosure. Possibly the original character for 圍 (OC *ɢʷɯl, *ɢʷɯls, “to surround”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uî • Middle-Chinese : hjw+j
|(archaic) tanned leather • Original form of 圍／围 (wéi, “to surround”). • a surname
|
|
|韋 (eum 위 (wi))
|
|Hán-Nôm : vi
|
|韋
|-
|韌
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯns) : semantic 韋 + phonetic 刃 (OC *njɯns).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǔn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jīm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jīn • Middle-Chinese : nyinH
|strong; tough; robust; sturdy • (Cantonese) tough; hard to chew or cut
|
|
|
|
|
|
|韌
|-
|韜
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho • Middle-Chinese : thaw
|(literary) sheath; scabbard; bow case • (figuratively) to hide; to conceal • art of war; military strategies
|
|
|韜 (eum 도 (do))
|
|Hán-Nôm : thao
|
|韜
|-
|韶
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siâu • Middle-Chinese : dzyew
|(obsolete) name of a piece of music at the time of Emperor Shun • (literary) splendid; beautiful • (obsolete) to carry forward; to carry on • (obsolete) Nephelium chryseum (WP) • (～州) (historical) Shao (a former prefecture of Guangdong, China) • a surname
|
|
|韶 (eumhun 풍류 이름 소 (pungnyu ireum so)) · 韶 (eumhun 아름다울 소 (areumdaul so))
|
|Hán-Nôm : thiều
|
|韶
|-
|頁
|Pictogram (象形) : 首 + 卩 – head of a kneeling person, emphasising “head”. \ 頁 and 首 (OC *hljuʔ, *hljus) were originally the same pictographic character with the same meaning of “head”, and the graphical difference was that 頁 also included the body in addition to the head of the person. \ 頁 was later used as an alternative popular form of 葉 (“leaf; page”) to mean “sheet; page (of paper)”, which is its main meaning today. \ The original sense of “head” is preserved in the radical 頁, which is used in characters such as 頭 (“head”) and 頸 (“neck”). \ Alternative form of 葉／叶 (“leaf; sheet (of paper)”). ‖ Original meaning of this character.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : jip⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍h ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia̍t • Middle-Chinese : het
|sheet (of paper) • page • (computing) page • Classifier for pages. • (Mainland China Hokkien) to flip through (a book, document, etc.) • a surname: Ye ‖ head
| ‖
|big shell • page • leaf ‖
|頁 (eumhun 머리 혈 (meori hyeol)) · 頁 (eumhun 책 면 엽 (chaek myeon yeop))
|hanja form of 엽 (“page”)
|Hán-Nôm : hiệt • Hán-Nôm : hệt
|
|頁
|-
|頡
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kriːd, *ɡiːd) : phonetic 吉 (OC *klid) + semantic 頁 (“head”). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Middle-Chinese : het ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaat³ • Middle-Chinese : keat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : git³
|to fly up • to straighten the neck • a surname ‖ to embezzle; to rob • Used in 頡羹／颉羹. ‖ Alternative form of 桔, only used in 頡皋／颉皋.
|
|
|頡 • (hil, gal) · 頡 • (hil, gal) (hangeul 힐, 갈, revised hil, gal, McCune–Reischauer hil, kal, Yale hil, kal)
|
|Hán-Nôm : gật • Hán-Nôm : hiệt • Hán-Nôm : hệt
|
|頡
|-
|頤
|May have originally been written 𦣞, a pictogram (象形) of a chin, in which case the modern form is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lɯ) : phonetic 𦣞 (, “chin”) + semantic 頁 (“head”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yi
|(literary) chin; jaw; cheek • (literary) to nourish; to maintain one's health • 27th hexagram of the I Ching • a surname
|
|chin • jaw
|頤 (eum 이 (i))
|cheeks • jaw • chin • rear • to nourish
|Hán-Nôm : di
|
|頤
|-
|頰
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keːb) : phonetic 夾 (OC *kreːb) + semantic 頁 (“head”) – part of the head.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiap • Middle-Chinese : kep
|(anatomy) cheek
|
|cheeks • jaw
|頰 (eum 협 (hyeop))
|cheeks • jaw • amenity
|Hán-Nôm : giáp
|
|頰
|-
|頷
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ) : phonetic 含 (OC *ɡɯːm) + semantic 頁 (“head”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gam (“jaw; chin; molar”) (STEDT). \ Bodman (1980) considers it to be the endoactive of 含 (OC *ɡɯːm, “to hold in the mouth”), literally “the thing that holds something in the mouth”.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ǎm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǎm • Middle-Chinese : hom • Middle-Chinese : homX
|chin; jowl • to nod • (Southern Min) neck • a surname
|
|the chin; the lower jaw (あご) • to nod (うなずく)
|頷 • (am) · 頷 • (am) (hangeul 암)
|
|Hán-Nôm : hạm • Hán-Nôm : ham • Hán-Nôm : hàm • Hán-Nôm : hợm
|
|頷
|-
|頸
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keŋʔ, *ɡeŋ) : phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ) + semantic 頁 (“body part”). \ Schuessler (2007) compares this to Tibetan སྐེ (ske, “neck”), Chepang केक् (kek, “neck”), कय्क् (kəyk, “neck, stem”), and suggests that this word is part of a larger word family based on a Sino-Tibetan root *ke (“concave”). These Tibeto-Burman comparanda are given under Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s/m-kej-k (“neck”) in STEDT. \ Wang (1982) relates this to 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, “neck”), but Schuessler (2007) finds this relationship unlikely. ‖ Usually considered to be the colloquial reading of etymology 1. Wang (2016) considers the semantic narrowing from “neck” to “nape” in the limited context of 脖_子 to be implausible. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Middle-Chinese : gjieng • Middle-Chinese : kjiengX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥˇ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kún
|neck (Classifier: 條／条 c) • neck-like thing ‖ Used in colloquial words for the nape. ‖ Only used in 頷頸／颔颈 and its variants.
| ‖ 頸(くび) • (kubi)
| ‖ Alternative form of 首
|頸 (eumhun 목 경 (mok gyeong))
|hanja form of 경 (“neck”) [affix]
|Hán-Nôm : nghỉnh • Hán-Nôm : cảnh
|
|頸
|-
|頹
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : teoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuē • Middle-Chinese : dwoj
|Alternative form of 禿／秃 (tū, “bald”) • to fall; to drop • to collapse; to disintegrate • to decline; to degenerate; to decay; to become dilapidated • dejected; depressed; down; listless • aged; old and feeble • (ideophonic) respectful and submissive • genitals of a male horse • (Cantonese) to be dispirited; to be depressed • a surname
|
|
|頹 • (toe) · 頹 • (toe) (hangeul 퇴, revised toe, McCune–Reischauer t'oe, Yale thoy)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tồi
|poor; bad; mediocre
|頹
|-
|顆
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fo² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kher • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khò • Middle-Chinese : khwaX
|Classifier for small round objects. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
| ‖ 顆(か) • (-ka) ^(←くゎ (kwa)?) ‖ 顆(か) • (ka) ^(←くゎ (kwa)?)
|grain (e.g. rice) ‖ indicates small round things, such as gemstones, fruit, stones, tears ‖ a condyle
|顆 (eum 과 (gwa))
|grain, kernel
|Hán-Nôm : khỏa • Hán-Nôm : khoả • Hán-Nôm : lõa • Hán-Nôm : loã • Hán-Nôm : khỏ • Hán-Nôm : khở • Hán-Nôm : khửa • Hán-Nôm : khủa • Hán-Nôm : khảu
|
|顆
|-
|顏
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋraːn) : phonetic 彥 (OC *ŋrans) + semantic 頁 (“head”). \ Bronze inscription forms: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋraːn) : phonetic 产 () + semantic 面 (“face”). \ Various possibilities exist: \ * Related to 額 (OC *ŋɡraːɡ, “forehead”) (Wang, 1982); \ * From 迓 (OC *ŋraːs, “to receive; to welcome”) + nominalising suffix *-n (Schuessler, 2007); \ * Related to Tibetan ངར (ngar, “front side”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ * From a root *ŋ(ˤ)rar (“slope, nearly vertical side”), whence also 涯 (OC *ŋˤrar, “river bank”), 巘 (OC *ŋ(r)ar(ʔ), “hill”), & 山 (OC *s-ŋrar, “mountain”) (Baxter & Sagart, 2014). \ * Cognate with Japhug tɯrŋa (“face”), Khroskyabs rŋá (Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiânn • Middle-Chinese : ngaen
|(literary, anatomy) forehead, especially the glabellar area • countenance; facial expression • color; hue • prestige; dignity • a surname
|
|Kyūjitai form of 顔 (face; expression)
|顏 • (an) · 顏 • (an) (hangeul 안, McCune–Reischauer an, Yale an)
|face • facial appearance
|Hán-Nôm : nhan
|
|顏
|-
|顔
|Variant form of 顏 (彥 → 彦).
|
|
| ‖ 顔(かお) • (kao) ^(←かほ (kafo)?) ‖ 顔(がん) • (gan)
|face • expression ‖ a person's face • a person's reputation ‖ look; face; expression • color
|顔 (eumhun 얼굴 안 (eolgul an))
|hanja form of 안 (“face”)
|Hán-Nôm : nhan • Hán-Nôm : nhăn
|
|顔
|-
|顛
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːn, *tʰiːns) : phonetic 真 (OC *ʔljin) + semantic 頁 (“head”). \ ; “top; peak” ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːn, *tʰiːns) : phonetic 真 (OC *ʔljin) + semantic 頁 (“head”). \ ; “top; peak” ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːn, *tʰiːns) : phonetic 真 (OC *ʔljin) + semantic 頁 (“head”). \ ; “top; peak”
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tian • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thian • Middle-Chinese : ten ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˋ
|top of the head; crown • top; peak; summit • to fall; to topple; to upset • inverted • to bump; to jerk; to jolt • Alternative form of 癲／癫 (diān, “to be crazy; to go mad”) • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 闐／阗 (tián, “full”) • Used in 顛顛／颠颠 (tiántián). ‖ Alternative form of 瑱 (“jade ornaments hung over the ears”)
| ‖
|Extended shinjitai form of 顚 ‖
|顛 • (jeon) · 顛 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|Alternative form of 顚
|Hán-Nôm : điên • Hán-Nôm : đen
|
|顛
|-
|顫
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjans) : phonetic 亶 (OC *taːnʔ) + semantic 頁 (“head”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsùn • Middle-Chinese : tsyenH
|to shake; to vibrate; to tremble • to shiver; to tremble
|
|
|顫 • (jeon) · 顫 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|
|Hán-Nôm : chiến • Hán-Nôm : chiên
|
|顫
|-
|顰
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bjin
|(literary) to frown; to knit one's brows
|
|scowl, raised eyebrows
|顰 • (bin) · 顰 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin)
|
|
|
|顰
|-
|顱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *b·raː) : phonetic 盧 (OC *b·raː) + semantic 頁 (“head”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Middle-Chinese : lu
|(anatomy) skull • (by extension) head • (anatomy) forehead
|
|
|顱 • (ro>no) · 顱 • (ro>no) (hangeul 로>노, revised ro>no, McCune–Reischauer ro>no, Yale lo>no)
|
|
|
|顱
|-
|颯
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sap • Middle-Chinese : sop
|(literary, onomatopoeia) sound of wind • valiant; grand • to decline; to wither • ^† suddenly
|
|storm • gust • gale
|颯 • (sap) · 颯 • (sap) (hangeul 삽, revised sap, McCune–Reischauer sap, Yale sap)
|
|
|
|颯
|-
|颱
|
|Cantonese · Jyutping : toi⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄞˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thai
|typhoon
|
|typhoon
|颱 • (tae) · 颱 • (tae) (hangeul 태, revised tae, McCune–Reischauer t'ae, Yale thay)
|typhoon
|
|
|颱
|-
|颳
|
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaat³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuah
|(of wind) to blow
|
|
|颳 • (gwal) · 颳 • (gwal) (hangeul 괄)
|
|
|
|颳
|-
|颶
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kū
|typhoon; hurricane
|
|
|颶 (eum 구 (gu))
|
|Hán-Nôm : cụ
|
|颶
|-
|颺
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iǎnn • Middle-Chinese : yang • Middle-Chinese : yangH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiûnn
|(Hokkien) to flutter • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to fan • (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to wave away; to flick; to whisk • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to brandish something out to someone then immediately put it away ‖ (Taiwanese Hokkien) to let the wind blow
|
|soar • fly • float • scatter
|颺 • (yang) · 颺 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang)
|fly
|
|
|颺
|-
|颼
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sau
|sound of wind • to blow (as of wind)
|
|
|颼 • (su) · 颼 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|
|
|
|颼
|-
|飄
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰew, *bew) : phonetic 票 (OC *pʰew) + semantic 風 (“wind”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiau • Middle-Chinese : bjiew • Middle-Chinese : phjiew
|to drift • to flutter (in the wind) • (of snow) to fall • complacent
| ‖ 飄(ひょう) • (hyō) ^(←へう (feu)?)
| ‖ whirlwind • (of wind) fluttering • transcendence • Alternative spelling of 嫖 (hyō):
|飄 • (pyo) · 飄 • (pyo) (hangeul 표, revised pyo, McCune–Reischauer p'yo, Yale phyo)
|
|Hán-Nôm : phiêu
|
|飄
|-
|飧
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 夕 (“night; evening; dusk”) + 食 (“food”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun¹ • Middle-Chinese : swon
|evening meal; supper; dinner • cooked food • to immerse cooked grain in water
|
|
|飧 • (son) · 飧 • (son) (hangeul 손, revised son, McCune–Reischauer son, Yale son)
|
|
|
|飧
|-
|飩
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tan¹ • Middle-Chinese : dwon
|Only used in 餛飩／馄饨.
|
|Japanese Noodles
|飩 (eum 돈 (don))
|
|canonical : 飩: Hán Việt readings: đồn
|
|飩
|-
|飪
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯmʔ) : semantic 食 (“food”) + phonetic 壬 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋʔ, *njɯm).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jīm • Middle-Chinese : nyimX
|to cook thoroughly
|
|
|飪 • (im) · 飪 • (im) (hangeul 임, revised im, McCune–Reischauer im, Yale im)
|
|Hán-Nôm : nhẫm • Hán-Nôm : nhẩm
|
|飪
|-
|飭
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰɯɡ) : phonetic 飤 (OC *ljɯɡs) + semantic 力 \ Causative devoicing of 力 (OC *rɯɡ, “rhək”). See there for etymology.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Middle-Chinese : trhik
|(literary) to put in order; to readjust; to rectify • (literary) to order; to instruct • (literary) cautious; careful; prudent • (literary) Alternative form of 飾／饰 (shì, “to decorate; to adorn”)
|
|
|飭 • (chik) · 飭 • (chik) (hangeul 칙, revised chik, McCune–Reischauer ch'ik, Yale chik)
|
|canonical : 飭: Nôm readings: sức
|strength
|飭
|-
|飴
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yi ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ
|syrup or candy made from malt or rice • a kind of soft candy • (obsolete) sweet and delicious food • very sweet ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 飼／饲 (sì)
| ‖ 飴(あめ) or 飴(アメ) • (ame)
| ‖ candy
|飴 • (i, si) · 飴 • (i, si) (hangeul 이, 시, revised i, si, McCune–Reischauer i, si, Yale i, si)
|
|Hán-Nôm : di
|
|飴
|-
|餃
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 飠 (“food, eat”) + phonetic 交 (OC *kreːw) – a kind of food. \ From 角 (jiǎo, “horn”), named for its horn-like shape (Norman, 1988).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káu
|stuffed dumpling • (Teochew) wonton
|
|
|餃 • (gyo) · 餃 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
|
|Hán-Nôm : giáo • Hán-Nôm : giảo • Hán-Nôm : cảo
|(only in compound há cảo and sủi cảo) dumpling
|餃
|-
|餉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljaŋs) : semantic 食 (“food”) + phonetic 向 (OC *hljaŋs, *hlaŋs). \ Of Hmong-Mien origin. Compare Proto-Hmong-Mien *hnrəaŋᴴ (Schuessler, 2003).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoeng² • Middle-Chinese : syangH
|(literary) to entertain with food and beverage • rations and pay for soldiers and other officials
| ‖ 餉(かれいい) • (kareii) ^(←かれいひ (kareifi)?)
|boiled rice • give, provide • food, diet ‖ Alternative spelling of 乾飯 (kareii): dried boiled rice
|餉 • (hyang) · 餉 • (hyang) (hangeul 향, revised hyang, McCune–Reischauer hyang, Yale hyang)
|
|Hán-Nôm : hướng
|
|餉
|-
|餒
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nuːlʔ) : semantic 食 + phonetic 妥 (OC *n̥ʰoːlʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : neoi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : noi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lué • Middle-Chinese : nwojX
|hungry; starving; famished • discouraged; dispirited; disheartened • (literary, of fish) rotten; putrid
|
|
|餒 • (noe) · 餒 • (noe) (hangeul 뇌, revised noe, McCune–Reischauer noe, Yale noy)
|
|
|
|餒
|-
|餛
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwon
|Only used in 餛飩／馄饨 (húntun).
|
|
|餛 • (hon) · 餛 • (hon) (hangeul 혼, revised hon, McCune–Reischauer hon)
|
|
|
|餛
|-
|餞
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zlenʔ, *zlens) : semantic 食 (“hand”) + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsián • Middle-Chinese : dzjenX • Middle-Chinese : dzjenH
|to give a farewell party; to see off; to send off • to preserve fruits in honey or syrup
| ‖ 餞(はなむけ) • (hanamuke) ‖ 餞(せん) • (sen) ‖
|farewell gift ‖ an exchange of farewells • a farewell or parting gift ‖ a farewell or parting gift ‖ to see someone depart
|餞 • (jeon) · 餞 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tiễn
|
|餞
|-
|餡
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡroːms) : semantic 飠 (“food”) + phonetic 臽 (OC *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms) – a kind of food.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hām
|filling (for dumplings, buns, etc.) • (Cantonese, figurative, informal, humorous) baby in the womb; embryo; fetus
| ‖ 餡(あん) • (an)
|bean jam ‖ bean jam
|餡 • (ham) · 餡 • (ham) (hangeul 함, revised ham, McCune–Reischauer ham, Yale ham)
|
|Hán-Nôm : hãm
|
|餡
|-
|餵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrols) : semantic 食 + phonetic 畏 (OC *quls).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uè
|to feed (animal, person) • to raise; to keep (animal)
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ổi • Hán-Nôm : uy
|
|餵
|-
|餽
|For pronunciation and definitions of 餽 – see 饋 (“to send gift; to offer food to a superior; etc.”). \ (This character is a variant traditional form of 饋).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : gwijH
|to make an offering to the gods • a surname
|
|
|餽 • (gwe) · 餽 • (gwe) (hangeul 궤, revised gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwe, Yale kwey)
|
|canonical : 餽: Nôm readings: quẩy
|Nôm form of quẩy.
|餽
|-
|餾
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˋ • Middle-Chinese : ljuw • Middle-Chinese : ljuwH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˋ
| ‖
|
|steamed rice
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lựu • Hán-Nôm : lưu
|
|餾
|-
|餿
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk¹
|(of food) to spoil and stink
|
|
|
|
|
|
|餿
|-
|饅
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moːn) : semantic 食 + phonetic 曼 (OC *moːn, *mons).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bân • Middle-Chinese : man
|
|
|
|饅 • (man) · 饅 • (man) (hangeul 만, revised man, McCune–Reischauer man, Yale man)
|
|Hán-Nôm : man
|
|饅
|-
|饑
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯl) : semantic 食 + phonetic 幾 (OC *kɯl, *kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl, *ɡɯls).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Middle-Chinese : kj+j
|crop failure; famine; a year in which harvest is poor • Alternative form of 飢／饥 (“hunger”)
|
|
|饑 • (gi) · 饑 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|
|Hán-Nôm : cơ
|
|饑
|-
|饒
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋjew, *ŋjaws) : semantic 食 (“food”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiâu • Middle-Chinese : nyew • Middle-Chinese : nyewH
|abundant; plentiful • to forgive; to have mercy on; to let off; to spare • (Mandarin, colloquial, often of the vendor) to give as a giveaway, or as an extra • (colloquial) even though; though; despite • a surname
|
|abundant
|饒 • (yo) · 饒 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
|
|Hán-Nôm : nhiêu • Hán-Nôm : nhau • Hán-Nôm : nheo • Hán-Nôm : nhiều • Hán-Nôm : sèo • Hán-Nôm : xèo
|
|饒
|-
|饜
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qem, *qems) : phonetic 厭 (OC *qemʔ, *qems, *qeb) + semantic 食 (“food”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ià • Middle-Chinese : 'jiem • Middle-Chinese : 'jiemH
|to be full (after eating); to be satiated • to be satisfied
|
|be satiated • eat one's full
|饜 • (yeom) · 饜 • (yeom) (hangeul 염, revised yeom, McCune–Reischauer yŏm, Yale yem)
|be satiated • eat one's full
|Hán-Nôm : yếm
|
|饜
|-
|饞
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zrɯːm) : semantic 飠 (“to eat; food”) + phonetic 毚 (OC *zrɯːm, *zraːm). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshâm • Middle-Chinese : dzream ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : sâi
|gluttonous; greedy • lewd; lecherous ‖ (Southern Min) gluttonous; ravenous
|
|gluttonous • greedy • lewd • lecher
|饞 • (cham) · 饞 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)
|gluttonous • greedy • lewd • lecherous
|canonical : 饞: Hán Việt readings: sàm 饞: Nôm readings: thèm • canonical : thiểm
|Nôm form of thèm (“to want; to crave”).
|饞
|-
|馥
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *brɯɡ, *buɡ) : semantic 香 (“fragrance”) + phonetic 复 (OC *buɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *brɯɡ, *buɡ) : semantic 香 (“fragrance”) + phonetic 复 (OC *buɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fuk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fuk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : bjuwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Middle-Chinese : bik
|(literary) fragrance; scent; aroma • (literary) fragrant; aromatic ‖ (onomatopoeia) sound of an arrow striking
|
|
|馥 • (bok) · 馥 • (bok) (hangeul 복, revised bok, McCune–Reischauer pok, Yale pok)
|
|Hán-Nôm : phục • Hán-Nôm : phúc • Hán-Nôm : phốc • Hán-Nôm : phức
|
|馥
|-
|馭
|From simplified from 𩣓 (漢語多功能字庫).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ngjoH
|to drive a chariot or carriage • driver of a chariot or carriage • to control; to manage; to govern
|
|
|馭 (eum 어 (eo))
|
|Hán-Nôm : ngự • Hán-Nôm : ngựa • Hán-Nôm : ngừa • Hán-Nôm : lừa
|horse (large four-legged animal)
|馭
|-
|馮
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *brɯŋ, *bɯŋ) : phonetic 仌 (OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ) + semantic 馬 (“horse”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *brɯŋ, *bɯŋ) : phonetic 仌 (OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ) + semantic 馬 (“horse”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : bjuwng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pang⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bing
|a place near modern Luoyang • a surname ‖ to gallop • (alt. form 淜, 憑／凭) to wade; to cross a river on foot • full; great • to covet • to bully • to seize; to encroach on • to climb; to ascend • Alternative form of 憑／凭 (píng, “to lean on”)
|
|(proper name character)
|馮 • (pung) · 馮 • (pung) (hangeul 풍, revised pung, McCune–Reischauer p'ung, Yale phung)
|
|Hán-Nôm : Phùng
|a Vietnamese surname
|馮
|-
|馱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːl, *daːds) : semantic 馬 + phonetic 大 (OC *daːds, *daːds). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːl, *daːds) : semantic 馬 + phonetic 大 (OC *daːds, *daːds).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuâ • Middle-Chinese : da ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : do⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo • Middle-Chinese : daH
|to carry on the back (especially by a pack animal) ‖ load carried by a pack animal
|
|
|馱 (eum 타 (ta))
|
|Hán-Nôm : đà • Hán-Nôm : thồ
|
|馱
|-
|馳
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tî • Middle-Chinese : drje
|to speed; to gallop • to spread afar • (literary) to long for; to be eager for • (literary) to chase
|
|
|馳 • (chi) · 馳 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi)
|
|Hán-Nôm : trì
|
|馳
|-
|馴
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn • Middle-Chinese : zwin
|tame; docile: obedient • to tame • 77th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "compliance" (𝍒)
|
|get used to • experienced • tamed
|馴 • (sun, hun) · 馴 • (sun, hun) (hangeul 순, 훈, revised sun, hun, McCune–Reischauer sun, hun, Yale swun, hwun)
|
|Hán-Nôm : thuần • Hán-Nôm : tuần
|
|馴
|-
|駁
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːwɢ) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 爻 (OC *ɢraːw). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bruk (“piebald”) (Schuessler, 2007, STEDT); cognate with Burmese ပြောက် (prauk, “spotted, speckled”), Karbi pʰròk, Jingpho prúʔ, Mru preu (“of mixed colors”). Another Chinese cognate may be 斑 (OC *praːn). \ 豹 (OC *preːwɢs, “leopard”) is its exopassive derivative, literally meaning, "the spotted one".
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : poh • Middle-Chinese : paewk
|(of a horse's fur) variegated • mixed; heterogenous; impure • to refute; to rebut • to transport by barge • barge; lighter • suddenly • (Cantonese) to connect • Alternative form of 駮／驳 (bó, “a mythical beast that can eat tigers”)
|
|variegated • mixed, heterogenous • refute, disprove
|駁 (eumhun 논박할 박 (nonbakhal bak))
|hanja form of 박 (“to refute; to rebut”)
|Hán-Nôm : bác
|
|駁
|-
|駑
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : nu
|
|
|
|駑 (eum 노 (no))
|
|Hán-Nôm : nô
|
|駑
|-
|駕
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːls) : phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl) + semantic 馬. \ The exopassive of 加 (OC *kraːl, “to add; to attach”). Cognate with Tibetan ཁྲལ (khral, “to impose a tax”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kèe • Middle-Chinese : kaeH
|to harness; to yoke (an animal, e.g. to a cart) • to drive (a vehicle); to sail (a ship); to fly (a plane) • to direct; to control; to harness • (historical) cart; carriage • (historical) emperor's carriage • (figurative) emperor (especially on a journey) • (Classical) distance a horse travels in a day • giddyup (interjection)
| ‖ 駕(が) • (ga) ^(←が (ga)?)
| ‖ vehicle; horse-drawn carriage
|駕 (eumhun 멍에 가 (meong'e ga))
|hanja form of 가 (“cart; carriage”)
|Hán-Nôm : giá
|
|駕
|-
|駙
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hū • Middle-Chinese : bjuH
|
|
|extra horse • imperial son-in-law
|駙 (eum 부 (bu))
|side horse • close • fast
|Hán-Nôm : phò
|
|駙
|-
|駛
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *srɯʔ, *srɯs) : semantic 馬 + phonetic 史 (OC *srɯʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sír • Middle-Chinese : sriX • Middle-Chinese : sriH
|to run quickly; to dash; to scamper; to gallop • to drive (a vehicle); to sail (a vessel); to fly (an aircraft) • (Cantonese) Alternative form of 使 (sai2, “to need to; to need”) • (Taiwanese Hokkien, vulgar) Alternative form of 使 (sái, “to fuck”)
|
|
|駛 • (sa) · 駛 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)
|
|Hán-Nôm : sử
|
|駛
|-
|駝
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːl) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 它 (OC *l̥ʰaːl).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Middle-Chinese : da
|camel • to be humpbacked; to be hunchbacked • to carry on the back
|
|hump
|駝 (eumhun 낙타 타 (nakta ta))
|hanja form of 타 (“camel”)
|Hán-Nôm : đà
|
|駝
|-
|駟
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sù • Middle-Chinese : sijH
|a vehicle drawn by four horses • a horse • to drive; to ride • (archaic) Classifier for vehicles drawn by four horses. • (archaic) Classifier for horses. • a surname
|
|
|駟 (eum 사 (sa))
|
|Hán-Nôm : tứ
|
|駟
|-
|駢
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beːn) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pin⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiân • Middle-Chinese : ben
|two horses that are side-by-side • side-by-side; parallel; antithetical
|
|
|駢 • (byeon, byeong) · 駢 • (byeon, byeong) (hangeul 변, 병, revised byeon, byeong, McCune–Reischauer pyŏn, pyŏng, Yale pyen, pyeng)
|
|Hán-Nôm : bền • Hán-Nôm : biền
|
|駢
|-
|駭
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrɯːʔ) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ) \ ;"to hack"
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǎi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hāi • Middle-Chinese : heajX
|terrify, frighten • (computing) to hack
|
|be surprised
|駭 • (hae) · 駭 • (hae) (hangeul 해, revised hae, McCune–Reischauer hae, Yale hay)
|terrify, frighten, scare • shock
|Hán-Nôm : hãi • Hán-Nôm : hãy
|
|駭
|-
|駱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːɡ) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍k • Middle-Chinese : lak
|(obsolete) white horse with black mane • (obsolete) Luoyue (Lạc Việt) • Used in 駱駝／骆驼 (luòtuo, “camel”). • a surname
|
|
|駱 • (rak>nak) · 駱 • (rak>nak) (hangeul 락>낙, revised rak>nak, McCune–Reischauer rak>nak, Yale lak>nak)
|
|Hán-Nôm : lạc
|
|駱
|-
|駿
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsùn • Middle-Chinese : tswinH
|excellent horse; noble steed
| ‖ 駿(しゅん) • (Shun)
| ‖ a male given name
|駿 • (jun, sun) · 駿 • (jun, sun) (hangeul 준, 순, revised jun, sun, McCune–Reischauer chun, sun, Yale cwun, swun)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tuấn
|
|駿
|-
|騁
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phìng • Middle-Chinese : trhjengX
|to gallop; to run • to give free rein to; to release from constraints • to put to use; to showcase
|
|
|騁 • (bing, jeong) · 騁 • (bing, jeong) (hangeul 빙, 정, revised bing, jeong, McCune–Reischauer ping, chŏng, Yale ping, ceng)
|
|Hán-Nôm : sính
|
|騁
|-
|騖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moɡs) : phonetic 敄 (OC *moʔ, *mos) + semantic 馬 (“horse”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bū • Middle-Chinese : mjuH
|
|
|gallop • rush about • pursue • run
|騖 (eum 무 (mu))
|run • sprint
|Hán-Nôm : vụ
|
|騖
|-
|騙
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰens) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 扁 (OC *pʰen, *benʔ, *peːnʔ, *beːnʔ) – to mount a horse by swinging a leg across it. \ ; to swindle; to deceive
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pin³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiàn • Middle-Chinese : phjienH
|to deceive; to fool • to swindle; to cheat out of; to defraud • to mount (a horse) by swinging a leg across
|
|to deceive; to fool • to swindle; to cheat out of; to defraud
|騙 (eum 편 (pyeon))
|
|Hán-Nôm : biền • Hán-Nôm : biển • Hán-Nôm : phiến
|
|騙
|-
|騫
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khian • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hian • Middle-Chinese : khjen
|
|
|
|騫 (eum 건 (geon))
|
|
|
|騫
|-
|騾
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːl) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 累 (OC *ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols). Written as 驘 in Shuowen.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lêr • Middle-Chinese : lwa
|mule (offspring of a donkey and a horse, sometimes specifically the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse) (Classifier: 匹 m; 頭／头 m; 隻／只 mn)
|
|
|騾 • (ra>na) · 騾 • (ra>na) (hangeul 라>나, revised ra>na, McCune–Reischauer ra>na, Yale la>na)
|
|Hán-Nôm : loa • Hán-Nôm : la
|
|騾
|-
|驀
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mraːɡ) : phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ) + semantic 馬 (“horse”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maak⁶ • Middle-Chinese : maek
|suddenly; quickly; abruptly
|
|
|驀 (eum 맥 (maek))
|
|Hán-Nôm : mạch
|
|驀
|-
|驃
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : biu¹ • Middle-Chinese : bjiewH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : biu¹ • Middle-Chinese : bjiewH
|(literary) horse with a yellow coat and white spots ‖ (literary, of horses) swift • (literary) valiant • (historical) Pyu city-states
|
|
|驃 • (pyo) · 驃 • (pyo) (hangeul 표, revised pyo, McCune–Reischauer p'yo, Yale phyo)
|
|canonical : 驃: Hán Việt readings: phiếu • canonical : phiêu 驃: Nôm readings: phiêu
|chữ Hán form of phiêu (“a rapid or courageous steed”).
|驃
|-
|驕
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krew) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 喬 (OC *krew, *ɡrew) \ Cognate with 喬 (OC *krew, *ɡrew, “tall; lofty”), 憍 (OC *krew, “to lift the head”), 撟 (OC *krewʔ, “to lift”), and 嶠 (OC *ɡrews, “peak”). Beyond these, 高 (OC *kaːw, “high; tall”) and 蹻 (OC *krewʔ, “martial; vigorous”) could be allofams (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiau • Middle-Chinese : kjew
|(likely obsolete) large horse • haughty; arrogant
|
|
|驕 (eum 교 (gyo))
|
|Hán-Nôm : kiêu
|
|驕
|-
|驟
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zrus) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 聚 (OC *zloʔ, *zlos). \ Related to 走 (OC *ʔsoːʔ, “to run”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaau⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsōo • Middle-Chinese : dzrjuwH
|to gallop; to run • sudden; abrupt • suddenly; abruptly • frequently; repeatedly • (of a horse) fast
|
|
|驟 (eumhun 달릴 취 (dallil chwi))
|
|canonical : 驟: Hán Việt readings: sậu 驟: Nôm readings: sậu
|
|驟
|-
|驢
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *b·ra) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 盧 (OC *b·raː).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Middle-Chinese : ljo
|donkey; ass (Classifier: 頭／头 m; 條／条 m; 匹 m; 隻／只 c mn)
|
|
|驢 (eum 려 (ryeo), word-initial (South Korea) 여 (yeo))
|
|Hán-Nôm : lư • Hán-Nôm : lừa
|
|驢
|-
|驥
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei³ • Middle-Chinese : kijH
|(literary) horse that can travel 1000 li in a day; fine steed • (figurative) proficient person; refined and virtuous person
|
|fast horse • talent
|驥 (eum 기 (gi))
|thoroughbred horse • refined and virtuous
|
|
|驥
|-
|驪
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːl, *rel) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 麗 (OC *reːls, *rel). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːl, *rel) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 麗 (OC *reːls, *rel).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : lje • Middle-Chinese : lej ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˊ
|(literary) pure black horse • (～山) Mount Li in Shaanxi province • (alt. form 孋／㛤) historical tribe in ancient China • a surname ‖ Only used in 驪靬／骊靬 (Chíqián).
|
|pair of horses • lustrous black horse
|驪 • (ryeo>yeo) · 驪 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
|A pure black horse • A pair of horses
|Hán-Nôm : li
|
|驪
|-
|骯
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ong¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong³ • Middle-Chinese : hangX • Middle-Chinese : khangX
|Only used in 骯髒／肮脏 (āngzāng). ‖ Only used in 骯髒／肮脏 (kǎngzǎng).
|
|
|骯 • (hang) · 骯 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang, Yale hang)
|
|
|
|骯
|-
|骰
|From 投 (MC duw, “to throw”). Often read semantically as 色 (MC srik).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄡˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiô • Middle-Chinese : duw
|die (polyhedron used in games of chance)
|
|
|骰 (eum 투 (tu))
|
|Hán-Nôm : đầu
|
|骰
|-
|骷
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹
|
|
|
|骷 • (go) · 骷 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|
|
|
|骷
|-
|骼
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːɡ) : semantic 骨 (“bone”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaak³ • Middle-Chinese : kaek
|bones • Used in 骨骼 (gǔgé, “skeleton”).
|
|
|骼 • (gyeok) · 骼 • (gyeok) (hangeul 격, revised gyeok, McCune–Reischauer kyŏk, Yale kyek)
|
|
|
|骼
|-
|髏
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : luw
|Only used in 髑髏／髑髅 (dúlóu, “skull”).
|
|skull
|髏 (eumhun 해골 루 (haegol ru), word-initial (South Korea) 해골 누 (haegol nu))
|hanja form of 루/누 (“skull”)
|canonical : 髏: Hán Việt readings: lâu
|
|髏
|-
|髒
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaːŋʔ) : semantic 骨 (“bone”) + phonetic 葬 (OC *ʔsaːŋs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaːŋʔ) : semantic 骨 (“bone”) + phonetic 葬 (OC *ʔsaːŋs).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsòng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤˇ • Middle-Chinese : tsangX
|dirty; filthy; soiled; foul • to make dirty; to soil; to besmirch; to sully; to stain; to defile; to contaminate • (euphemistic) haunted; possessed by supernatural forces ‖ Only used in 骯髒／肮脏 (kǎngzǎng).
|
|
|髒 • (jang) · 髒 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
|
|Hán-Nôm : táng • Hán-Nôm : tảng
|
|髒
|-
|髦
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴⁻¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : môo • Middle-Chinese : maw
|(literary) horse's mane • (literary) outstanding person • (literary) fangs of children • (literary, figurative) child
|
|
|髦 • (mo) · 髦 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo, Yale mo)
|
|
|
|髦
|-
|髭
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔse) : semantic 髟 + phonetic 此 (OC *sʰeʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹
|moustache
|
|mustache
|髭 (eum 자 (ja))
|
|
|
|髭
|-
|髯
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁶ • Middle-Chinese : nyem • Middle-Chinese : nyemH
|whiskers; beard • person with a lot of beard
|
|sideburns, whiskers (cheek hair)
|髯 (eumhun 구레나룻 염 (gurenarut yeom))
|Alternative form of 髥 (“hanja form of 염 (“beard; mustache”)”)
|
|
|髯
|-
|髻
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kiːds) : semantic 髟 (“long hair”) + phonetic 吉 (OC *klid). \ From 結 (OC *kiːd, “to tie”) + exopassive nominal suffix *-s, literally “something tied” (Baxter and Sagart, 1997, 2014; Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Middle-Chinese : kejH
|hair worn in a bun or coil; topknot
|
|
|髻 • (gye) · 髻 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye, Yale kyey)
|
|Hán-Nôm : kế
|
|髻
|-
|鬃
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zuːŋ, *ʔsoːŋ, *zuːŋ) : semantic 髟 (“appearance of long hair”) + phonetic 宗 (OC *ʔsuːŋ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsang • Middle-Chinese : dzowng • Middle-Chinese : dzraewng
|mane • (Southern Min) hair • (Teochew, Leizhou Min, Hainanese) hair worn in a bun or coil; bun
|
|
|
|
|
|
|鬃
|-
|鬆
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰluːŋ, *skʰloŋ, *sqʰloŋ) : semantic 髟 (“hair”) + phonetic 松 (OC *sɢloŋ). ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : sung¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : song • Middle-Chinese : sowng • Middle-Chinese : sjowng • Middle-Chinese : tshjowng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˋ • Middle-Chinese : suwngH
|^† (of hair) disheveled; unkempt • loose (not fixed in place tightly) • loose; relaxed • to loosen; to relax • useless • dried minced meat • (Cantonese) to leave • (Cantonese) financially solvent • (Cantonese, after numbers) to exceed by a little; to be a little over • (Cantonese, mahjong) Short for 鬆章／松章. ‖ Only used in 𩭩鬆.
|
|
|鬆 • (song) · 鬆 • (song) (hangeul 송, revised song, McCune–Reischauer song, Yale song)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tông
|
|鬆
|-
|鬍
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 髟 (“hair”) + phonetic 胡 (OC *ɡaː). \ From 胡 (OC *ɡaː, “wattle; dewlap of an animal”), i.e. “that which hangs down from the chin” (Wang, 1980). \ STEDT proposes that this word comes from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-wu (“beard”), but there are phonological problems with this reconstruction.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ôo
|beard; moustache; whiskers
|
|
|鬍 • (ho) · 鬍 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)
|
|Hán-Nôm : hồ • Hán-Nôm : râu
|
|鬍
|-
|鬚
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *so) : semantic 髟 (“hair”) + phonetic 須 (OC *so, “beard”). \ Originally written 須, see there for more. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nwat ~ *s-nut (“mouth”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si • Middle-Chinese : sju
|beard; whisker (Classifier: 條／条 c) • antenna; feeler • whisker-like
|
|beard
|鬚 (eumhun 수염 수 (suyeom su))
|hanja form of 수 (“beard”)
|Hán-Nôm : tu • Hán-Nôm : tua
|
|鬚
|-
|鬢
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pins) : semantic 髟 (“hair”) + phonetic 賓 (OC *mpin).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pìn • Middle-Chinese : pjinH
|hair on temples
|
|
|鬢 • (bin) · 鬢 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin)
|
|
|
|鬢
|-
|鬥
|Characters in the same phonetic series (鬥) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) — two figures face-to-face, fighting with bare hands. Some oracle script characters of 鬥／斗 (dòu) show that both of their hair are bristled. The character shape resembles 𠨭 and 丮 opposite each other. \ 鬥／斗 (dòu) and 鬭／斗 (dòu) are original characters of this form; forms with the similar-looking radical 門 ("door") were non-standard variants. \ Simplified form 斗 was derived via the variant form 鬦. \ 鬥／斗 (dòu) is also one of the 324 simplified characters introduced by the Republic of China (Kuomintang government) in 1935 as the simplified form of 鬭／斗 (dòu). \ Conflation of two roots "to fight" and "to meet", and the merger has been attested since ancient times. \ ; "to fight" \ ; "to meet"
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòo • Middle-Chinese : tuwH
|to fight; to struggle • to make animals fight • to contend; to compete with • to strive one's best • (archaic) (of stars) to collide with each other • chaotic; disorderly, helter-skelter • to take the opportunity to ...; to do something while it's ... • to meet; to encounter; to face • to face; to confront; to front; to be opposite • to piece together; to fit together • (dialectal) to help; to assist • (dialectal) very, quite • (dialectal) to collude, to plot • fine tea; tea of the best quality • (dialectal) bird nest • Alternative form of 逗 (dòu, “to tease, to play with”) • Alternative form of 兜 (dōu, “to solicit (customers or business)”) • Alternative form of 陡 (dǒu, “suddenly, in a sudden”) • a surname
|
|to fight
|鬥 (eumhun 싸울 투 (ssaul tu))
|Alternative form of 鬪 (“hanja form of 투 (“fight”)”)
|Hán-Nôm : đấu • Hán-Nôm : dấu
|chữ Hán form of đấu (“fight”).
|鬥
|-
|鬧
|In the current form, ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 鬥 (“to fight”) + 市 (“market; town”) – noisy.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lā • Middle-Chinese : nraewH
|to be noisy • to create a disturbance • (of disease, disaster, or other negative events) to occur • (Cantonese) to scold
|
|to be noisy • to create a disturbance • to disturb • lively; bustling
|鬧 • (ryo>yo, nyo>yo) · 鬧 • (ryo>yo, nyo>yo) (hangeul 료>요, 뇨>요, revised ryo>yo, nyo>yo, McCune–Reischauer ryo>yo, nyo>yo, Yale lyo>yo, nyo>yo)
|
|Hán-Nôm : náo • Hán-Nôm : náu • Hán-Nôm : nháo • Hán-Nôm : nao • Hán-Nôm : nào
|
|鬧
|-
|鬨
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡroːŋs, *ɡloːŋs) : semantic 鬥 (“battle; fight”) + phonetic 共 (OC *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung³
|to fight; to combat • to cause a commotion or disturbance
| ‖ 鬨(とき) • (toki)
|battle cry ‖ battle cry
|鬨 • (hong, hang) · 鬨 • (hong, hang) (hangeul 홍, 항, revised hong, hang, McCune–Reischauer hong, hang, Yale hong, hang)
|
|canonical : 鬨: Hán Việt readings: hống • canonical : hổng
|
|鬨
|-
|魘
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qemʔ, *qeb) : phonetic 厭 (OC *qemʔ, *qems, *qeb) + semantic 鬼 (“devil”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : jim² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jip³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Middle-Chinese : 'jiemX • Middle-Chinese : 'jiep
|^⁜ a nightmare; bad dream • Used in 夢魘／梦魇 (mèngyǎn, “a nightmare; bad dream”).
|
|To have a nightmare • To make a noise during a nightmare
|魘 • (yeom) · 魘 • (yeom) (hangeul 염, revised yeom, McCune–Reischauer yŏm, Yale yem)
|
|Hán-Nôm : yểm
|
|魘
|-
|魯
| ‖ Possibly related to 鹵 (OC *raːʔ) since the area used to be a salt marsh region (Baxter apud Matisoff, 1995). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Middle-Chinese : luX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Middle-Chinese : luX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : luh
|foolish; stupid; rash • vulgar ‖ (～國) (historical) Lu (vassal state during the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China in modern day Shandong) • Short for 山東／山东 (Shāndōng, “Shandong”). • Used in 魯肉飯／鲁肉饭. • a surname ‖ Used in 阿沙不魯／阿沙不鲁. • Used in 米魯／米鲁.
|
|foolish; stupid • (historical) Lu (state) (vassal state during the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China) • (dated) short form for Russia (魯西亜) • a surname
|魯 (eum 로 (ro), word-initial (South Korea) 노 (no))
|
|Hán-Nôm : lỗ • Hán-Nôm : lõ • Hán-Nôm : nhỗ • Hán-Nôm : sỗ
|
|魯
|-
|魷
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 尤 (OC *ɢʷɯ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iû
|Only used in 魷魚／鱿鱼 (yóuyú, “squid”); also used as its short form.
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : vưu • Hán-Nôm : vâu
|
|魷
|-
|鮑
|Characters in the same phonetic series (勹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baau⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baau¹ • Middle-Chinese : baewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Pāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Pǎu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Pau • Middle-Chinese : baewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˋ
|(literary) salted fish ‖ abalone ‖ a surname ‖ (obsolete) Synonym of 鞄 (páo, “leather craftsman”)
| ‖ 鮑(あわび) • (awabi) ^(←あはび (afabi)?)
|abalone ‖ abalone
|鮑 • (po) · 鮑 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o, Yale pho)
|
|Hán-Nôm : bảo • Hán-Nôm : bào
|
|鮑
|-
|鮫
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kau • Middle-Chinese : kaew
|(literary, or in compounds) porbeagle shark (scaleless cartilaginous fish)
| ‖ 鮫(さめ) or 鮫(サメ) • (same)
|shark ‖ a shark (fish)
|鮫 • (gyo) · 鮫 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
|
|canonical : 鮫: Hán Việt readings: giao
|
|鮫
|-
|鯉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯʔ) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ). \ Schuessler (2007) considers connection to Proto-Tai *plaːᴬ (“fish”) to be unlikely. \ Norman (2014) compares it to Proto-Kam-Tai *mbləi (“carp”), suggesting that it may be an early loan from Chinese; compare Thai ปลาไน (nai, “common carp”), Lakkia [script needed] (-plai⁴, “carp”). \ See the entry 雙鯉魚 for the figurative senses.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǎi • Middle-Chinese : liX
|carp, especially the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) • (literary, figuratively) letter; correspondence • (literary, figuratively) messenger
| ‖ 鯉(こい) or 鯉(コイ) • (koi) ^(←こひ (kofi) or コヒ (kofi)?) ‖ 鯉(こい) • (Koi) ^(←こひ (kofi)?)
| ‖ carp, specifically, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) ‖ a surname
|鯉 • (ri>i) · 鯉 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)
|
|Hán-Nôm : lí
|
|鯉
|-
|鯊
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sraːl) : phonetic 沙 (OC *sraːl, *sraːls) + semantic 魚 (“fish”). \ ; “shark”
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sua • Middle-Chinese : srae
|^† a kind of small fish • shark
| ‖ 鯊(はぜ) or 鯊(ハゼ) • (haze)
| ‖ goby
|鯊 • (sa) · 鯊 • (sa) (hangeul 사)
|(uncommon) shark
|
|
|鯊
|-
|鯽
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Middle-Chinese : tsjek • Middle-Chinese : tsik
|Carassius auratus, crucian carp
| ‖ 鯽(ふな) or 鯽(フナ) • (funa)
| ‖ Alternative spelling of 鮒
|鯽 • (jeuk) · 鯽 • (jeuk) (hangeul 즉, revised jeuk, McCune–Reischauer chŭk, Yale cuk) ‖ 鯽 • (jeok) · 鯽 • (jeok) (hangeul 적, revised jeok, McCune–Reischauer chŏk, Yale cek)
|Carassius auratus, crucian carp ‖ certain kind of squid or cuttlefish
|
|
|鯽
|-
|鰍
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰɯw) : semantic 魚 + phonetic 秋 (OC *sʰɯw).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiu • Middle-Chinese : tshjuw
|loach
|
|young Japanese amberjack; young yellowtail • bullhead
|鰍 • (chu) · 鰍 • (chu) (hangeul 추, revised chu, McCune–Reischauer ch'u, Yale chwu)
|
|
|
|鰍
|-
|鰓
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sai • Middle-Chinese : soj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saai²
|fish gill ‖ Only used in 鰓鰓／鳃鳃.
|
|
| ‖
|gill ‖
|Hán-Nôm : tai
|gill
|鰓
|-
|鰥
|From 寡 (OC *kʷraːʔ, “single; alone”) + *-n (“nominalizing suffix”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuan • Middle-Chinese : kwean • Middle-Chinese : kweanH
|widower • widowed • (obsolete) yellowcheek (Elopichthys bambusa)
|
|widower
|鰥 • (hwan) · 鰥 • (hwan) (hangeul 환, revised hwan, McCune–Reischauer hwan, Yale hwan)
|
|
|
|鰥
|-
|鰭
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : gjij
|(anatomy, ichthyology) fish fin
| ‖ 鰭(ひれ) • (hire)
|fin ‖ fin (of a fish)
|鰭 (eum 기 (gi))
|
|Hán-Nôm : kì
|
|鰭
|-
|鰱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ren) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 連 (OC *ren).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liân • Middle-Chinese : ljen
|(～魚) any fish of the genus Hypophthalmichthys, especially the silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)
| ‖ 鰱(たなご) or 鰱(タナゴ) • (tanago)
|silver carp • fish of genus Hypophthalmichthys ‖ a bitterling (a small fish of the carp family)
|鰱 (eum 련 (ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 연 (yeon))
|salmon
|Hán-Nôm : liên
|
|鰱
|-
|鰻
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moːn, *mons) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 曼 (OC *moːn, *mons) – a kind of fish.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muâ • Middle-Chinese : man • Middle-Chinese : mjonH
|eel
| ‖ 鰻(むなぎ) • (munagi) ‖ 鰻(うなぎ) or 鰻(ウナギ) • (unagi) ‖ 鰻(うな) • (una) ‖ 鰻(う) • (u)
|eel ‖ (archaic, possibly obsolete) an eel ‖ eel, especially the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) ‖ (only in compounds) Synonym of うなぎ (see above). ‖ (only in compounds) Synonym of うなぎ (see above).
|鰻 (eumhun 뱀장어 만 (baemjang'eo man))
|
|canonical : 鰻: Hán Việt readings: man 鰻: Nôm readings: man
|
|鰻
|-
|鰾
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bewʔ) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 票 (OC *pʰew). \ Jacques (2020) reconstructs the Old Chinese as *N-pewʔ in the system of Baxter and Sagart (2014) based on Iu Mien mbiauhmbau (“swim bladder”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piǒ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pio • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piǎu • Middle-Chinese : bjiewX
|swim bladder; air bladder (of fish) • fish glue; isinglass • (dialectal) to glue with fish glue; (by extension) to gather; to bring together • (dialectal) to bet; to contend
|
|
|鰾 • (pyo) · 鰾 • (pyo) (hangeul 표, revised pyo, McCune–Reischauer p'yo, Yale phyo)
|
|
|
|鰾
|-
|鱔
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siān
|eel; swamp eel • (Hong Kong Cantonese) resembling advertorial • (Hong Kong Cantonese, triad slang) four
|
|
|鱔 (eum 선 (seon))
|
|Hán-Nôm : thiện • Hán-Nôm : lươn
|
|鱔
|-
|鱖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krods, *kod) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 厥 (OC *kod, *kud). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kè • Middle-Chinese : kjwejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Middle-Chinese : kjwot
|mandarin fish; Chinese perch ‖ Only used in 鱖鯞／鳜𫚡 (juézhǒu).
|
|
|鱖 • (gwol, gwe) · 鱖 • (gwol, gwe) (hangeul 궐, 궤, revised gwol, gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwŏl, kwe, Yale kwel, kwey)
|(쏘가리 궐) mandarin fish
|
|
|鱖
|-
|鱗
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rin) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 粦 (OC *rins).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîn • Middle-Chinese : lin
|scale (of a fish, reptile, etc) • scaly • fish (and other scaly animals) • a surname
| ‖ 鱗(うろこ) • (uroko) ‖ 鱗(いろこ) • (iroko) ‖ 鱗(うろくず) • (urokuzu) ^(←うろくづ (urokudu)?) ‖ 鱗(いろくず) • (irokuzu) ^(←いろくづ (irokudu)?) ‖ 鱗(こけ) • (koke) ‖ 鱗(こけら) • (kokera) ‖ 鱗(りん) • (-rin)
|scales • scaly ‖ scale (of a fish, reptile, etc) • (typography) serif (on Chinese characters) ‖ scale (of a fish, reptile, etc) • scaled animal • dandruff ‖ scale of a fish • fish ‖ scale (of a fish, reptile, etc) • scaled animal ‖ scale (of a fish, reptile, etc) ‖ scale (of a fish, reptile, etc) ‖ counter for scales of a fish • counter for fish
|
|scale (of fish or reptiles)
|Hán-Nôm : lân
|
|鱗
|-
|鱷
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːɡ) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 噩 (OC *ŋaːɡ). \ Within Chinese, Carr (1990) relates it to: \ * 咢 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “to beat the drum”), either because drumming was associated with dragons or because some drums were made of crocodilian skins (Schuessler, 2007). \ * Words for “fear”, e.g. 愕 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “startled; terrified”), 噩 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “frightening; startling”). \ Outside of Chinese, Carr (1990) also relates it to: \ * Proto-Tai *ŋwak (“mythical water creature”) (reconstruction from Chamberlain, 1977), which Pittayaporn (2009-2010), reconstructing the root as *ŋɯəkᴰ (“crocodile”), holds to be a loan from Chinese. \ * Proto-Austro-Tai *(m)baŋiwak (“shark; crocodile”), posited by Paul K. Benedict and proposed by him to give rise to the Tai word, as well as Japanese 鰐(わに) (wani, “crocodilian; shark”), 魚(うお) (uo, “fish”). \ Vovin (2021) notes that 鱷 (OC *ŋâk ~ *ŋɑk) "aquatic reptile, saltwater crocodile" was attested late, for the first time in Shuowen as 𧊜 (è); and that "it would be very weird if the word for a ‘saltwater crocodile’ from the middle of Huang-he (黃河) river basin that lies quite far away from both tropics and the sea would be borrowed by Tai languages in Southern China". Therefore, Vovin contends that, instead, 鱷 (OC *ŋâk ~ *ŋɑk) had been borrowed into Later Han Chinese from Tai.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : go̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kho̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngo̍k • Middle-Chinese : ngak
|crocodilian; crocodile; alligator
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ngạc
|
|鱷
|-
|鱸
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : lu
|bass; perch (fish)
| ‖ 鱸(すずき) or 鱸(スズキ) • (suzuki) ‖ 鱸(すずき) • (Suzuki)
|sea bass ‖ Japanese sea bass ‖ Suzuki (neighborhoods in Japan): · A neighborhood of Akita, Akita. • Suzuki (neighborhoods in Japan): · A neighborhood of Niigata, Niigata. • a surname
|鱸 (eum 로 (ro), word-initial (South Korea) 노 (no))
|(농어 (nong'eo)) sea bass, sea perch
|Hán-Nôm : lư • Hán-Nôm : rô
|
|鱸
|-
|鳩
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ku) : phonetic 九 (OC *kuʔ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-k(r)əw (“dove, pigeon”) (Benedict, 1974; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Compare Tibetan འང་གུ ('ang gu, “pigeon”), Proto-Loloish *m-krəw², Burmese ချိုး (hkyui:), Proto-Kuki-Chin *khruu. \ In some southern Chinese dialects, 鳩／鸠 is pronounced with aspirated initial /kʰ/ due to taboo considerations.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiu • Middle-Chinese : kjuw
|pigeon; dove (family Columbidae) • (literary) to gather; to assemble • (Cantonese, Pingnan Min, vulgar) penis (sometimes especially erect) (Classifier: 轆／辘 c; 條／条 c) • (Cantonese, vulgar) fucking (intensifier) • (Cantonese, vulgar) Negates the meaning of the sentence. • (Cantonese, vulgar) stupid; dumb • (Cantonese, vulgar) recklessly • (Cantonese, vulgar) unseriously • (Cantonese, vulgar) without aim or plan • (Cantonese, vulgar) thoughtlessly • (Cantonese, vulgar) unreasonably; lacking in reason
| ‖ 鳩(はと) or 鳩(ハト) • (hato) ‖ 鳩(きゅう) • (kyū) ^(←きう (kiu)?)
| ‖ pigeon, dove (bird of genus Columba) ‖ pigeon, dove • (by extension) gather together (from the way that pigeons flock together)
|鳩 • (gu) · 鳩 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|pigeon, dove • collect, assemble
|Hán-Nôm : cưu
|
|鳩
|-
|鳶
|Possibly phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷen) : semantic 鳥 (“bird”) + phonetic 戈 (OC *koːl). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dzwan (“hawk; kite”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iân • Middle-Chinese : ywen
|hawk; kite, especially the black kite (Milvus migrans) • kite (aircraft)
|
|kite
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : diên • Hán-Nôm : diều
|
|鳶
|-
|鴆
|Same word as 酖 (OC *l'ums, “to poison (v.); poison (n.)”) (e.g. in Zuozhuan, "Xi 30"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E5%B7%A6%E6%B0%8F%E5%82%B3/%E5%83%96%E5%85%AC#%E5%82%B3_30), exopassive of 沈 (OC *l'um, “to put poison in liquid”) (e.g. in Rites of Zhou https://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=en&id=37265) (Schuessler, 2007). See 沈 & 沉 (chén) for further etymology.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zam⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thim • Middle-Chinese : drimH
|(Chinese mythology) the zhenniao (a hawk-like, snake-eating bird with poisonous feathers) • poisonous • to poison • poison
|
|
|鴆 (eum 짐 (jim))
|
|Hán-Nôm : chũm • Hán-Nôm : trấm • Hán-Nôm : chậm
|
|鴆
|-
|鴉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraː) : phonetic 牙 (OC *ŋraː) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ka-n (“crow”). Doublet of 烏 (OC *qaː, “crow; raven”) . The Middle Chinese of 鴉 retains the earlier vowel. \ Schuessler (2007) disputes Old Chinese reconstructions with medial *-r-, reasoning that 鴉's place among Division II syllables (often from Old Chinese syllables containing *-r-) results rather from archaism which preserves the original vowel's quality.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a • Middle-Chinese : 'ae
|crow; raven
|
|
|鴉 • (a) · 鴉 • (a) (hangeul 아) ‖  ‖ 鴉(からすぃ) (karasï)
| ‖ 鴉 \  • 鴉 \  ‖ Alternative form of 烏
|canonical : 鴉: Hán Việt readings: nha 鴉: Nôm readings: a • canonical : ác
|chữ Hán form of nha (“crow, raven”). • Nôm form of ác (“crow, raven”).
|鴉
|-
|鴕
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːl) : semantic 鳥 (“bird”) + phonetic 它 (OC *l̥ʰaːl).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo
|ostrich
|
|
|鴕 • (ta) · 鴕 • (ta) (hangeul 타, revised ta, McCune–Reischauer t'a, Yale tha)
|
|Hán-Nôm : đà
|
|鴕
|-
|鴛
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːn, *qon) : phonetic 夗 (OC *qonʔ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). \ Starostin reconstructs Old Chinese *ʔʷar, which he compares to Tibetan སྐྱར་པོ (skyar po, “snipe; woodcock”); both are from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ɣʷăr.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uan • Middle-Chinese : 'jwon • Middle-Chinese : 'won
|male mandarin duck (when used in 鴛鴦／鸳鸯 (yuānyāng)) • Alternative form of 鵷／鹓 (yuān)
|
|
|鴛 • (won) · 鴛 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)
|
|Hán-Nôm : uyên • Hán-Nôm : oan
|
|鴛
|-
|鴣
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaː) : phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gu¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Middle-Chinese : ku
|Used in names of birds.
|
|
|鴣 • (go) · 鴣 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|
|
|
|鴣
|-
|鴦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːŋ, *qaŋ) : phonetic 央 (OC *qaŋ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong • Middle-Chinese : 'jang • Middle-Chinese : 'ang
|female mandarin duck
|
|
|鴦 • (ang) · 鴦 • (ang) (hangeul 앙, revised ang, McCune–Reischauer ang, Yale ang)
|
|Hán-Nôm : ương
|
|鴦
|-
|鴨
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraːb) : phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). \ Shuowen commented that 鴨 is the colloquial name for 鶩 (OC *moɡs, *moːɡ, “duck”). Probably onomatopoeic in origin. Compare Proto-Tani *ǰap (“duck”). \ Another word meaning "duck" in Old Chinese is 鴄 (OC *pʰid), a substrate loanword, possibly from Tai-Kadai or Austroasiatic. \ ; “male prostitute”
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ap • Middle-Chinese : 'aep
|duck (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • (slang) male prostitute (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • (Mainland China Mandarin, neologism, slang) Eye dialect spelling of 呀 (ya, “sentence-final particle”).
| ‖ 鴨(かも) or 鴨(カモ) • (kamo) ‖ 鴨(かも) • (Kamo) ‖ 鴨(あひる) • (ahiru)
| ‖ a duck • (slang) (from the way ducks return to the same place and are thus easy to hunt) a mark or easy target for a swindle, someone who is likely to lose at gambling or other competition • (slang) (from the good flavor of duck meat) short for 鴨の味 (kamo no aji, “duck flavor”): a very good flavor; by extension, any remarkably good sensation or feeling, particularly describing happy married life • (slang) (from the uniform of black clothing) short for 黒鴨 (kurogamo, “black duck”): a male servant, such as a butler or chauffeur (compare English penguin) ‖ a surname • any of various places, particularly in Kyoto ‖ (rare) alternative spelling of 家鴨: a domestic duck, Anas platyrhynchos var. domesticus, descended from the mallard
|鴨 (eumhun 오리 압 (ori ap))
|
|Hán-Nôm : áp • Hán-Nôm : vịt
|
|鴨
|-
|鴿
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuːb) : phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gap³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kap • Middle-Chinese : kop
|pigeon; dove • (neologism, Internet slang, humorous) Short for 放鴿子／放鸽子 (fàng gēzi).
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cáp
|
|鴿
|-
|鵑
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuan • Middle-Chinese : kwen
|Only used in 杜鵑／杜鹃 (dùjuān, “cuckoo”); also used as its short form.
|
|
|鵑 (eum 견 (gyeon))
|
|Hán-Nôm : quyên
|
|鵑
|-
|鵝
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ) + semantic 鳥. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋa-n (“goose”); cognate with Tibetan ངང་པ (ngang pa), Burmese ငန်း (ngan:). However, the final consonants of the proposed cognates are possibly irreconcilable; they could instead be independently coined through onomatopoeia (Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019). \ Related to 雁 (OC *ŋraːns, “wild goose”); see there for more.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Middle-Chinese : nga
|domestic goose (as opposed to a wild goose – 雁 (yàn)) (Classifier: 隻／只 m c mn)
|
|Alternative form of 鵞: goose
|鵝 • (a) · 鵝 • (a) (hangeul 아)
|(거위 아, geowi-): domesticated goose that would not fly at all, in contrast with the wild goose (雁 (기러기 안, gireogi-an)) whose skein flies in wedge or cuneiform. • (기러기 아, gireogi-): wild goose
|Hán-Nôm : nga • Hán-Nôm : ngỗng • Hán-Nôm : ngổng
|
|鵝
|-
|鵠
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : huk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : howk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : guk¹
|(literary) swan • (literary) white • a surname ‖ bullseye (centre of a target)
|
|
|鵠 • (gok, hok) · 鵠 • (gok, hok) (hangeul 곡, 혹, revised gok, hok, McCune–Reischauer kok, hok, Yale kok, hok)
|(고니 곡, goni-): swan, genus Cygnus. • (과녁 곡, gwanyeok-): target.
|Hán-Nôm : hộc
|
|鵠
|-
|鵡
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maʔ) : phonetic 武 (OC *maʔ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *măH (“a kind of bird (peacock, parrot)”); cognate with Tibetan རྨ་བྱ (rma bya, “peacock”); compare also Bodo (India) [script needed] (məyra, “peacock”) (Peiros & Starostin, 1996).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bú • Middle-Chinese : mjuX
|Only used in 鸚鵡／鹦鹉 (yīngwǔ).
|
|cockatoo
|鵡 (eumhun 앵무새 무 (aengmusae mu))
|hanja form of 무 (“parrot”)
|Hán-Nôm : vũ • Hán-Nôm : thịnh
|
|鵡
|-
|鵪
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoːm) : phonetic 奄 (OC *qromʔ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : am¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : am • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ian • Middle-Chinese : 'om
|quail (originally refers to those without spots on feathers)
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : am
|
|鵪
|-
|鵬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 朋 (OC *bɯːŋ, “phoenix”) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”) \ This has been related to 風 (OC *plum, “wind”) (Schuessler, 2007) and also by Wang (1982) to 鳳 (OC *bums, “male fenghuang”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paang⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phn̂g • Middle-Chinese : bong
|(Chinese mythology) peng (enormous bird)
| ‖ 鵬(ほう) or 鵬(ぼう) • (hō or bō) ‖ 鵬(ほう) • (Hō)
|peng (fabled large bird) ‖ (Chinese mythology) peng: a fabled large bird thought to have wings measuring 3,000 li and can soar up to 90,000 li ‖ a male or female given name
|鵬 (eumhun 대붕 붕 (daebung bung))
|
|Hán-Nôm : bằng • Hán-Nôm : bành
|
|鵬
|-
|鵲
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiak • Middle-Chinese : tshjak
|magpie
| ‖ 鵲(かささぎ) or 鵲(カササギ) • (kasasagi) ‖ 鵲(かささぎ) • (Kasasagi) ‖ 鵲(じゃく) • (jaku)
| ‖ the Eurasian magpie, Pica pica ‖ (historical) an 鴻 (Ōtori)-class torpedo boat of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II • a surname ‖ Eurasian magpie
|鵲 • (jak) · 鵲 • (jak) (hangeul 작, revised jak, McCune–Reischauer chak, Yale cak)
|
|Hán-Nôm : thước
|
|鵲
|-
|鶉
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thun • Middle-Chinese : dzywin
|quail (originally refers to those with spots on feathers)
| ‖ 鶉(うずら) or 鶉(ウズラ) • (uzura) ^(←うづら (udura) or ウヅラ (udura)?)
| ‖ a Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
|鶉 • (sun, dan) · 鶉 • (sun, dan) (hangeul 순, 단, revised sun, dan, McCune–Reischauer sun, tan, Yale swun, tan)
|
|
|
|鶉
|-
|鶯
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing • Middle-Chinese : 'eang
|oriole
| ‖ 鶯(うぐいす) or 鶯(ウグイス) • (uguisu) ^(←うぐひす (ugufisu) or ウグヒス (ugufisu)?) ‖ 鶯(うぐいす) • (Uguisu) ^(←うぐひす (ugufisu)?)
| ‖ Japanese bush warbler (Horornis diphone); Japanese nightingale • short for 鶯色 (uguisu iro): an olive-green color, as the rear of a bush warbler • short for 鶯声 (uguisu-goe): a description for a woman's beautiful voice • a metal skewer used in 香道 (kōdō) to fasten a paper wrapper • a bamboo skewer used in binding an obi or similar ‖ a surname
|
|Chinese oriole • bush warbler
|canonical : 鶯: Hán Việt readings: oanh 鶯: Nôm readings: oanh • canonical : anh
|chữ Hán form of oanh (“oriole”).
|鶯
|-
|鷂
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lew, *lews) : phonetic 䍃 () + semantic 鳥. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lew, *lews) : phonetic 䍃 () + semantic 鳥.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁶⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iāu • Middle-Chinese : yewH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâu • Middle-Chinese : yew
|sparrow hawk • harrier • kite ‖ (obsolete) pheasant
| ‖ 鷂(はいたか) or 鷂(ハイタカ) • (haitaka)
| ‖ Eurasian sparrowhawk
|鷂 • (yo) · 鷂 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
|
|
|
|鷂
|-
|鷓
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsià • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsèe • Middle-Chinese : tsyaeH
|Only used in 鷓鴣／鹧鸪 (zhègū).
|
|
|鷓 • (ja) · 鷓 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)
|
|
|
|鷓
|-
|鷗
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoː) : phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : au • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io • Middle-Chinese : 'uw
|seagull
| ‖
|seagull ‖
|鷗 (eum 구 (gu))
|seagull
|Hán-Nôm : âu
|seagull
|鷗
|-
|鷥
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slɯ) : phonetic 絲 (OC *slɯ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si
|Only used in 鷺鷥／鹭鸶 (lùsī).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|鷥
|-
|鷹
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯŋ) : phonetic 䧹 (OC *qɯŋ, “eagle; hawk”) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). \ This word is possibly related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-la(ŋ/k) (“bird of prey”), which is likely a loan from Proto-Mon-Khmer *laŋ ~ *laaŋ ~ *laiŋ (“large raptor”) > Proto-Bahnaric *klaːŋ (“hawk”), Proto-Palaungic *klaːŋ (“kite”), Mon လနေၚ် (“kite”), Khmer ខ្លែង (khlaeng, “kite”); within Tibeto-Burman, compare Tibetan གླག (glag, “eagle; vulture”), Burmese လင်းတ (lang:ta., “vulture”), Jingpho lang (“bird of the falcon family”) (Benedict, 1972; STEDT). \ This word agrees better with Tibetan སྐྱིང་སེར (skying ser, “eagle; vulture”) if the Old Chinese is reconstructed as *s-ki̯əŋ (Benedict, 1990; Schuessler, 2007); Benedict (1976) reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kiŋ for this, which Benedict (1990) suggests is the native Sino-Tibetan root.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing • Middle-Chinese : 'ing
|a bird of prey of Accipitriformes (eagles, hawks, kites, vultures), Falconiformes (falcons) or Strigiformes (owls)
| ‖ 鷹(たか) or 鷹(タカ) • (taka)
|eagle • falcon • hawk ‖ a hawk (predatory bird)
|
|hawk; falcon (esp. the peregrine or gyrfalcon)
|
|
|鷹
|-
|鷺
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːɡs) : phonetic 路 (OC *ɡ·raːɡs) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). \ Compare Khmer ក្រក (krɑɑk, “species of heron”), Thai ร้า (ráa, “species of heron”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lōo • Middle-Chinese : luH
|heron; egret
| ‖ 鷺(さぎ) or 鷺(サギ) • (sagi)
| ‖ heron, egret
|鷺 (eum 로 (ro), word-initial (South Korea) 노 (no))
|
|Hán-Nôm : lộ
|
|鷺
|-
|鸚
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːŋ) : phonetic 嬰 (OC *qeŋ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ɣrēŋ (“a kind of parrot”); cognate with Jingpho [script needed] (ukhriŋ¹, “small parrot”) (Peiros & Starostin, 1996).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing • Middle-Chinese : 'eang
|parrot; parakeet
|
|parrot; parakeet
|鸚 (eumhun 앵무새 앵 (aengmusae aeng))
|hanja form of 앵 (“parrot”)
|Hán-Nôm : anh
|
|鸚
|-
|鸞
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luân • Middle-Chinese : lwan
|luan (mythical bird related to the fenghuang; sometimes translated as simurgh) • (alt. form 鑾／銮) the bells at horses' bits • imperial • a surname
|
|fabulous mythical bird • imperial
|鸞 • (ran>nan) · 鸞 • (ran>nan) (hangeul 란>난, revised ran>nan, McCune–Reischauer ran>nan, Yale lan>nan)
|
|Hán-Nôm : loan
|
|鸞
|-
|鹹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrɯːm) : semantic 鹵 (“salt”) + phonetic 咸 (OC *ɡrɯːm). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hjam (“salty”) or *g-rjum (“salt”); compare Chepang ल्हाम्सा (hlam‑, “salty (not excessively)”), Jingpho jum (“salt”) (STEDT).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâm • Middle-Chinese : heam
|salty; briny • (Southern Min) stingy; miserly • (Southern Min) rice topping; viand • (Cantonese, Teochew, attributive) Short for 鹹濕／咸湿 (haam4 sap1, “erotic; pornographic”). • (Yangjiang Yue) salt
|
|salty
|鹹 (eumhun 짤 함 (jjal ham)) · 鹹 (eumhun 다 함 (da ham))
|hanja form of 함 (“salty”)
|Hán-Nôm : hàm
|
|鹹
|-
|鹼
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːmʔ, *skʰlam) : semantic 鹵 + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kinn • Middle-Chinese : tshjem • Middle-Chinese : keamX
|sodium carbonate • (chemistry) (soluble) alkali • (chemistry, chiefly Mainland China) base (soluble or not) • (dialectal) soap
| ‖
|(chemistry) base, alkali ‖
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : kiềm
|
|鹼
|-
|麋
|Perhaps Sino-Tibetan. Compare Chepang [script needed] (maiʔ, “meat”), Bodo (India) [script needed] (bʏiʔ, “deer”), Liangmai Naga [script needed] (ka-mî, “meat”), Northern Naga *me:y "meat, flesh"; a single etymon for "meat" and "deer" is also found in Tibetan ཤ (sha, “meat”) and ཤྭ (shwa, “deer”) (Schuessler, 2007). If so, another semantic parallel is Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/ɡ-la (“flesh, meat, deer”), whence Tibetan གླ (gla, “musk deer”) but Newar [script needed] (la, “meat, animal”) and [script needed] (lā, “flesh, meat”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Middle-Chinese : mij
|moose, elk (Eurasia) • used as a surname
| ‖
| ‖
|麋 (eum 미 (mi))
|
|Hán-Nôm : mê • Hán-Nôm : mi
|
|麋
|-
|麒
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : gi
|Only used in 麒麟 (qílín).
|
|
|麒 (eumhun 기린 기 (girin gi))
|hanja form of 기 (“giraffe; qilin”)
|Hán-Nôm : kì • Hán-Nôm : kỳ
|
|麒
|-
|麝
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢljaːɡs, *ɢljaːɡ) : semantic 鹿 + phonetic 射 (OC *ɢljaːɡs, *laːɡs, *ɢljaːɡ, *laːɡ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/ɡ-la (“flesh; meat; deer”) (STEDT; Gong Hwang-cherng, 2002; Schuessler, 2007). Compare Tibetan གླ (gla, “musk deer”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siā • Middle-Chinese : zyaeH • Middle-Chinese : zyek
|musk deer • musk
|
|musk deer
|麝 (eumhun 사향노루 사 (sahyangnoru sa))
|hanja form of 사 (“musk deer”)
|Hán-Nôm : xạ
|musk deer 貅麝 (Hươu xạ) • musk 麝香 (Xạ Hương)
|麝
|-
|麟
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rin) : semantic 鹿 (“deer”) + phonetic 粦 (OC *rins).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîn • Middle-Chinese : lin
|Used in 麒麟 (qílín, “qilin (propitious mythological beast)”); also used as its short form. • Used in 麒麟 (qílín, “qilin (propitious mythological beast)”); also used as its short form. · ^‡ female of qilin • big deer • Alternative form of 鱗／鳞 (lín, “scale and shell”) • Used in 麟麟 (línlín, “bright”).
|
|
|麟 (eumhun 기린 린 (girin rin), word-initial (South Korea) 기린 인 (girin in))
|hanja form of 린/인 (“giraffe; qilin”)
|Hán-Nôm : lân
|
|麟
|-
|麦
| ‖ Corruption of 八 into a horizontal stroke.
| ‖
| ‖
| ‖ 麦(むぎ) • (mugi)
|wheat • barley ‖ (broadly speaking) dry-cultivated cereal grain · wheat • (broadly speaking) dry-cultivated cereal grain · barley • (broadly speaking) dry-cultivated cereal grain · rye • (broadly speaking) dry-cultivated cereal grain · oats
|
|
|
|
|麦
|-
|麩
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hu • Middle-Chinese : phju
|(of wheat) bran • panned gold; gold dust
| ‖ 麩(ふ) • (fu) ‖ 麩(ふすま) • (fusuma)
| ‖ wheat bran • wheat gluten • foods made from wheat gluten, somewhat similar to bread ‖ wheat bran
|麩 • (bu) · 麩 • (bu) (hangeul 부, revised bu, McCune–Reischauer pu, Yale pu)
|
|Hán-Nôm : phu
|
|麩
|-
|麴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰuɡ) : semantic 麥 + phonetic 匊 (OC *kluɡ). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kuk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : guk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khak • Middle-Chinese : khjuwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kuk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : guk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Khiok • Middle-Chinese : khjuwk
|yeast; leaven (used to make wine) • (obsolete) wine; alcoholic beverage ‖ a surname
| ‖
|yeast • leaven ‖
|麴 • (guk) · 麴 • (guk) (hangeul 국, revised guk, McCune–Reischauer kuk, Yale kwuk)
|yeast • leaven
|Hán-Nôm : khúc
|
|麴
|-
|麼
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maːlʔ) : phonetic 麻 (OC *mraːl) + semantic 幺 (“small, tiny”). \ From 物 (MC mjut, “thing”), from 什物 (MC dzyip mjut, “miscellaneous items”) > 什麼／什么 (shénme) (Norman, 1988; Zhang, 1982). ‖ From 無 (MC mju). ‖  ‖  ‖ Probably from 物 (MC mjut, “what”) (Zhang, 2001; Jiang, 2018).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄜ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mo¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : móo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : môo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mo¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mo¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mo⁵ • Middle-Chinese : maX ‖
|A particle placed after the topic of a compound sentence, used to express tactfulness. • A suffix for forming pronouns or adverbs. ‖ Alternative form of 嗎／吗 (“final interrogative particle”) ‖ (dialectal Mandarin) what ‖ tiny; insignificant • a surname ‖ (Hakka) what
|
|
|麼 • (ma) · 麼 • (ma) (hangeul 마, revised ma, McCune–Reischauer ma, Yale ma)
|small • thin
|Hán-Nôm : ma
|
|麼
|-
|麾
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hui • Middle-Chinese : xjwe
|a pennant, flag, banner • to signal to
|
|flag • (military) banner • signal • direct • lead • beckon
|麾 (eum 휘 (hwi))
|
|Hán-Nôm : huy
|
|麾
|-
|黄
|
|
|
| ‖ 黄(き) • (ki) -na (adnominal 黄(き)な (ki na), adverbial 黄(き)に (ki ni)) ‖ 黄(き) • (ki) ‖ 黄(こう) • (kō) ^(←くわう (kwau)?) ‖ 黄(おう) • (ō) ^(←わう (wau)?)
|yellow ‖ yellow ‖ yellow ‖ yellow ‖ yellow
|黄 • (hwang) · 黄 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
|variant of 黃 • yellow
|
|
|黄
|-
|黍
|Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs Old Chinese *nhaʔ, comparing it to Tibetan ནས་ (nas, “barley”). STEDT provisionally reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nas (“highland barley”). \ However, Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstruct Old Chinese *s-tʰaʔ based on aspirated affricate reflexes in certain Mandarin dialects, e.g. Hefei tʂʰu³, Yangzhou tsʰu³, as well as sound gloss evidence from Shuowen. This would make the comparison to Tibetan less plausible.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sué • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sí • Middle-Chinese : syoX
|proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) (especially glutinous varieties, but also generic) • (dialectal Eastern Min, Putian Min) sorghum • (Leizhou Min) corn; maize
| ‖ 黍(きび) or 黍(キビ) • (kibi) ‖ 黍(きみ) • (kimi)
| ‖ common or proso millet, Panicum miliaceum • Synonym of 蜀黍 (morokoshi): sorghum • Synonym of 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi): corn, maize ‖ (obsolete) the common or proso millet, Panicum miliaceum • (obsolete) Synonym of 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi): corn, maize
|黍 • (seo) · 黍 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)
|
|Hán-Nôm : thử
|
|黍
|-
|黏
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nem) : semantic 黍 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâm • Middle-Chinese : nrjem
|sticky; glutinous • to adhere; to stick
|
|
|黏 • (jeom) · 黏 • (jeom) (hangeul 점)
|
|Hán-Nôm : niêm
|
|黏
|-
|黛
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːɡs) : phonetic 代 (OC *l'ɯːɡs) + semantic 黑 (“black”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tāi • Middle-Chinese : dojH
|(historical) a dark pigment used by women in ancient times to paint their eyebrows • black • women's eyebrows
| ‖ 黛(まゆずみ) • (mayuzumi) ‖ 黛(まゆずみ) • (Mayuzumi)
| ‖ eyebrow pencil ‖ a surname
|黛 • (dae) · 黛 • (dae) (hangeul 대, revised dae, McCune–Reischauer tae, Yale tay)
|
|Hán-Nôm : đại
|
|黛
|-
|黜
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰud) : semantic 黑 (“black”) + phonetic 出 (OC *kʰljuds, *kʰljud). \ From 出 (to come out) with a causative *-r- infix (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceot¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeot¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thut • Middle-Chinese : trhwit
|(literary) to dismiss; to demote; to downgrade • (literary) to discard; to reject • (literary) to abolish • (literary) to belittle and denounce • (Hokkien) to come loose; to come off • (Hokkien) to rub back and forth (to make something fall off) • (Mainland China Hokkien) to trample with one's feet, or to rub one's feet against each other
|
|
|黜 • (chul) · 黜 • (chul) (hangeul 출, revised chul, McCune–Reischauer ch'ul, Yale chwul)
|
|Hán-Nôm : truất • Hán-Nôm : trụt • Hán-Nôm : truột
|
|黜
|-
|黝
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau² • Middle-Chinese : 'jij • Middle-Chinese : 'jiwX
|bluish-black, greenish-black
|
|bluish black, black • dimly lit, dark, black
|黝 • (yu) · 黝 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
|
|
|
|黝
|-
|黠
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Middle-Chinese : heat
|
|
|
|黠 • (hil) · 黠 • (hil) (hangeul 힐, revised hil, McCune–Reischauer hil, Yale hil)
|
|Hán-Nôm : hiệt
|
|黠
|-
|黴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrɯl, *mɯːls) : phonetic 微 (OC *mɯl) + semantic 黑 (“black”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hui • Middle-Chinese : mij • Middle-Chinese : mwojH
|mold; mildew; must • (alt. form 霉) to become moldy • (of one's face) dirty; dingy; dark
| ‖ 黴(かび) or 黴(カビ) • (kabi)
|mold ‖ mold
|黴 • (mi) · 黴 • (mi) (hangeul 미, revised mi, McCune–Reischauer mi, Yale mi)
|
|Hán-Nôm : mai • Hán-Nôm : mị
|
|黴
|-
|黷
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic 黑 (“black”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : duk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍k • Middle-Chinese : duwk
|to tarnish; to defile; to blacken • to be rash about; to use indiscriminately • to corrupt • to covet
|
|
|黷 • (dok) · 黷 • (dok) (hangeul 독, revised dok, McCune–Reischauer tok, Yale tok)
|
|Hán-Nôm : độc
|
|黷
|-
|鼇
|
|
|
|
|great sea turtle
|鼇 (eum 오 (o))
|
|Hán-Nôm : ngao
|
|鼇
|-
|鼕
|
|
|
|
|
|鼕 (eum 동 (dong))
|
|Hán-Nôm : đông
|
|鼕
|-
|鼙
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bej
|(literary) small military drum • (literary) small drum (in general)
|
|drum carried on horseback
|鼙 • (bi) · 鼙 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|drum carried on horseback
|Hán-Nôm : bề • Hán-Nôm : tì
|
|鼙
|-
|鼬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lɯwɢs) : semantic 鼠 (“rat”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iū • Middle-Chinese : yuwH
|weasel • (by extension) mustelid
|
|weasel
|鼬 • (yu) · 鼬 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
|
|canonical : 鼬: Hán Việt readings: dứu
|
|鼬
|-
|鼴
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin² • Middle-Chinese : 'jonX
|animal from the family Talpidae
| ‖
| ‖
|鼴 • (eon) · 鼴 • (eon) (hangeul 언, revised eon, McCune–Reischauer ŏn, Yale en)
|mole (burrowing insectivore)
|Hán-Nôm : yển
|
|鼴
|-
|鼾
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːn, *ɢaːns) : semantic 鼻 + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hal (“to snore”). Compare Tibetan ཧལ (hal, “to pant; to wheeze; to snort; to snore”). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hônn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kônn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : han • Middle-Chinese : xan • Middle-Chinese : hanH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kônn
|(literary or Southern Min) to snore • snore; snoring ‖ (Hokkien) the sound of snoring; to snore
| ‖ 鼾(かん) • (kan) ‖ 鼾(いびき) • (ibiki) ‖  ‖ 鼾(くつち) • (kutsuchi)
| ‖ snoring ‖ snoring, a snore ‖ to snore ‖ (archaic, rare) snoring • (archaic, rare) epilepsy
|鼾 • (han) · 鼾 • (han) (hangeul 한, McCune–Reischauer han, Yale han)
|
|Hán-Nôm : han
|
|鼾
|-
|齋
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsriːl) : phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls) + semantic 示 (“god; deity”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zaai¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄞ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tse • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsai • Middle-Chinese : tsreaj
|(historical) to show one's piety before offering sacrifices and other ceremonies in ancient times, by abstaining from meat and alcohol, bathing oneself and clearing one's mind of distracting thoughts • solemn; earnest • vegetarian diet (often adopted for religious reasons) • fasting • (Buddhism, Taoism) religious ceremony (Classifier: 堂 c) • (Cantonese) plain; dull; boring; dry • (Cantonese) purely; only; just • to give alms to monks • study (room); studio • house; shop; building • a surname
|
|
|齋 (eumhun 엄숙할 재 (eomsukhal jae)) · 齋 (eumhun 집 재 (jip jae)) · 齋 (eumhun 상복 재 (sangbok jae)) · 齋 (eumhun 재계할 재 (jaegyehal jae)) · 齋 (eumhun 공부방 재 (gongbubang jae))
|
|canonical : 齋: Hán Việt readings: trai • canonical : chay 齋: Nôm readings: chay • canonical : trai • canonical : chai • canonical : rai • canonical : chây • canonical : trơi
|chữ Hán form of trai (“to abstain; to fast”). • Nôm form of chay (“to abstain; to fast”).
|齋
|-
|齟
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsú • Middle-Chinese : dzrjoX
|irregular teeth • discord
|
|
|齟 (eum 저 (jeo))
|
|Hán-Nôm : thư • Hán-Nôm : trở
|
|齟
|-
|齡
|Characters in the same phonetic series (令) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːŋ) : semantic 齒 (“tooth”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs) – tooth being associated with age. Compare English long in the tooth (“old”) and don't look a gift horse in the mouth (“(to check teeth for age)”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : leng
|age • length of time; duration • (biology) instar
|
|age
|齡 • (ryeong>yeong) · 齡 • (ryeong>yeong) (hangeul 령>영, revised ryeong>yeong, McCune–Reischauer ryŏng>yŏng, Yale lyeng>yeng)
|
|
|齡 (linh, lênh)
|齡
|-
|齣
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 齒 (“tooth”) + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceot¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshut
|Classifier for plays and operas: act; stanza; time, occasion ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • (regional, by extension) Classifier for films or episodes of TV shows. • (Southern Min) drama; play; show (theatrical performance) • (Southern Min) trouble; hassle
| ‖ 齣(こま) or 齣(コマ) • (koma) ‖ 齣(せき) • (seki) ‖ 齣(せつ) • (setsu)
|act, scene, as of a play or movie • frame, as of a comic • section, passage, paragraph ‖ (film, animation, manga) a frame of a comic or film • (film, theater) an act or scene of a play or movie • (music) a phrase or portion of a piece of music ‖ a section or paragraph of writing • (archaic) a chapter of a novel (particularly in the Edo period) • (Chinese theater) an act of a play ‖ same as seki above
|齣 • (cheok) · 齣 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek)
|
|Hán-Nôm : xuất
|
|齣
|-
|齦
| ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ngj+n ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : han² • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang² • Middle-Chinese : khonX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˇ • Middle-Chinese : kheanX
|gum (flesh around teeth) ‖ (literary) Alternative form of 啃 (“to gnaw; to nibble”) ‖ ^‡ sound of teeth
| ‖
|gum (flesh around teeth) ‖
|齦 (eumhun 잇몸 은 (inmom eun)) ‖ 齦 (eumhun 물 간 (mul gan))
|hanja form of 은 (“gum”) ‖ hanja form of 간 (“to bite”)
|
|
|齦
|-
|齪
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa̍k • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaewk ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsak
|(obsolete) cautious; careful; meticulous • Used in 齷齪／龌龊 (wòchuò). ‖ (Hokkien) feeling stuffy and difficult to bear (due to being crowded, muggy, lacking in air circulation, etc.) • (Hokkien) vexed; annoyed; agitated (of one's mind) • (Hokkien) to disturb; to bother; to nag; to annoy (someone) • (Mainland China Hokkien) annoying; vexing (due to being complex) • (Teochew) to distract or disturb someone by being noisy
|
|grating the teeth
|齪 • (chak) · 齪 • (chak) (hangeul 착, revised chak, McCune–Reischauer ch'ak, Yale chak)
|narrow, small • dirty
|
|
|齪
|-
|齬
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁵ • Middle-Chinese : ngjo • Middle-Chinese : ngu • Middle-Chinese : ngjoX
|irregular teeth • discord
|
|irregular teeth
|齬 • (eo) · 齬 • (eo) (hangeul 어, revised eo, McCune–Reischauer ŏ, Yale e)
|
|canonical : 齬: Hán Việt readings: ngữ
|chữ Hán form of ngữ (“referring to misaligned teeth or disagreements, mostly used in the compound trở ngữ (齟齬)”).
|齬
|-
|齲
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷaʔ) : semantic 齒 (“teeth”) + phonetic 禹 (OC *ɢʷaʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khú • Middle-Chinese : khjuX
|(dentistry) decay; cavity
|
|decayed tooth • cavity
|齲 • (u) · 齲 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u, Yale wu)
|decayed tooth
|
|
|齲
|-
|齷
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qroːɡ) : semantic 齒 (“teeth”) + phonetic 屋 (OC *qoːɡ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ok • Middle-Chinese : 'aewk
|Only used in 齷齪／龌龊 (wòchuò). • (Hokkien) dirty
|
|grating the teeth • fretful
|齷 • (ak) · 齷 • (ak) (hangeul 악, revised ak, McCune–Reischauer ak, Yale ak)
|narrow, small • dirty
|
|
|齷
|-
|龐
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *broːŋ) : semantic 广 (“house”) + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *broːŋ) : semantic 广 (“house”) + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâng • Middle-Chinese : baewng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ
|huge; big • disorderly; messy • shape of the face; facial contours • a surname ‖ Used in 龐龐／庞庞 (lónglóng).
|
|disorderly • messy • huge • big
|龐 • (bang, nong) · 龐 • (bang, nong) (hangeul 방, 농, revised bang, nong, McCune–Reischauer pang, nong, Yale pang, nong)
|disorderly • huge, big • high
|canonical : 龐: Hán Việt readings: bàng
|chữ Hán form of bàng (“used in Chinese derived compounds to mean big, large, disorderly, messy or to refer to the face”). • chữ Hán form of Bàng (“referring to the Hồng Bàng dynasty and the associated surname”).
|龐
|-
|龔
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kióng • Middle-Chinese : kjowng
|Alternative form of 供 (“to supply”) • Alternative form of 恭 (gōng, “to respect”) • to follow; to obey • a surname
|
|give • present • referential
|龔 • (gong) · 龔 • (gong) (hangeul 공, revised gong, McCune–Reischauer kong, Yale kong)
|polite, reverent • to supply • respect
|Hán-Nôm : cung
|
|龔
|}
|}


{{Common-Han-Characters}}
{{Common-Han-Characters}}

Latest revision as of 01:32, 31 July 2024

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一Ｅ 二Ｅ 三Ｅ 四Ｅ 五Ｅ 六Ｅ 七Ｅ
一Ｕ 二Ｕ 三Ｕ 四Ｕ 五Ｕ 六Ｕ 七Ｕ
一Ｗ 二Ｗ 三Ｗ 四Ｗ 五Ｗ 六Ｗ 七Ｗ
character English zh [s:etymology_text] English zh [ld:sounds ls:tags,s:zh-pron] English zh [ld:senses ls:glosses] English ja [ld:head_templates s:expansion] English ja [ld:senses ls:glosses] English ko [ld:head_templates s:expansion] English ko [ld:senses ls:glosses] English vi [ld:head_templates s:expansion] English ko [ld:senses ls:glosses] character
万 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maak⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mok Only used in 万俟 (Mòqí). ‖ 万(まん) • (man) ‖ 万(ばん) • (ban) ‖ 万(ばん) • (ban-) ‖ 万(よろず) • (yorozu) ^(←よろづ (yorodu)?) ten thousand, myriad • various, many, all ‖ ten thousand, myriad ‖ (followed by a negative) even if, never • (followed by a negative) no matter what ‖ many • all ‖ ten thousand • a large number • all, everything 万 (eumhun 일 만 (il man)) Alternative form of 萬. canonical : 万: Hán Việt readings: vạn • canonical : mặc 万: Nôm readings: vàn • canonical : vạn • canonical : muôn Alternative form of 萬. 万
与 bestow, impart, award, grant, give • participate in • provide • cause • gift • godsend 与 (eumhun 줄 여 (jul yeo)) Alternative form of 與 (“hanja form of 여 (“give; participate”)”) Hán-Nôm : dữ • Hán-Nôm : dự • Hán-Nôm : đử 与
丕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰrɯ) : phonetic 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ') + semantic 一 ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰrɯ) : phonetic 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ') + semantic 一 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phi • Middle-Chinese : phij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄨˋ large; grand • to act on; to follow • A particle. • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 不 • Used in 可丕丕 (“heart beating”). large; grand 丕 (eumhun 클 비 (keul bi)) hanja form of 비 (“large; grand”) canonical : 丕: Hán Việt readings: phi 丕: Nôm readings: vầy • canonical : vậy • canonical : phỉ • canonical : bậy • canonical : phơi • canonical : chăng • canonical : chẳng • canonical : phi chữ Hán form of phi (“large; grand”). • Nôm form of vầy (“such; like this”). • Nôm form of vậy (“so; thus”). 丕
丞 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 卩 (“kneeling person”) + 廾 (“both hands”) + 凵 (“hole”) – to rescue a person from a hole. Compare 承. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“upper part; rise; raise”). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 卩 (“kneeling person”) + 廾 (“both hands”) + 凵 (“hole”) – to rescue a person from a hole. Compare 承. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“upper part; rise; raise”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sîng • Middle-Chinese : dzying • Middle-Chinese : dzyingH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing² to assist, to aid • (archaic) a low-level assistant to the governor of a county • Alternative form of 承 • a surname ‖ Original form of 拯 (zhěng, “to rescue”). to help, to rescue 丞 (eumhun 도울 승 (doul seung)) ‖ 丞 (eumhun 구원할 증 (guwonhal jeung)) (archaic) hanja form of 승 (“help”) ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 拯 (“hanja form of 증 (“help”)”) canonical : 丞: Hán Việt readings: thừa 丞: Hán Nôm readings: thừa • canonical : chẳng 丞
丟 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 一 (“one (item)”) + 去 (“to go; to remove”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄡ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiu to lose; to misplace • to be missing; to be lost • to throw; to cast; to toss; to discard • to put aside; to dismiss • (archaic) to orgasm; to cum to discard, to lose, to reject 丟 (eumhun 아주 갈 주 (aju gal ju)) 丟
么 Variant of 幺. ‖ Simplified from 麽 (elimination of 麻). Officially adopted as the simplified form of 麽 in the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme (《漢字簡化方案》) in 1956. ‖ ‖ 么 • (yo) · 么 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo) 么
乩 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ method of divination involving planchette writing • Alternative form of 稽 (“to divine”) to divine; alternative form of 卟 or 稽. 乩 • (gye) · 乩 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye) 乩
乱 ‖ 乱(らん) • (ran) chaos, disorder • disorderly ‖ chaos, disorder • revolt, rebellion 乱
争 conflict; quarrel 争
亙 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 二 + 月 (“moon”). \ Possibly also the original form of 恆. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gang² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiàn • Middle-Chinese : kongH (of space or time) to extend all the way; to stretch • ^† continuous; complete • ^† completely; thoroughly • a surname request 亙 (eum 긍 (geung)) Hán-Nôm : cẳng • Hán-Nôm : cắng • Hán-Nôm : cứng • Hán-Nôm : gắng • Hán-Nôm : hẵng 亙
亟 Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 人 + semantic 二, with 口 and 攴 (later simplified to 又) later added. ‖ Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 人 + semantic 二, with 口 and 攴 (later simplified to 又) later added. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gik¹ • Middle-Chinese : kik ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei³ • Middle-Chinese : khiH urgently • urgent; pressing ‖ (literary) repeatedly; frequently sudden 亟 • (geuk, gi) · 亟 • (geuk, gi) (hangeul 극, 기, revised geuk, gi, McCune–Reischauer kŭk, ki, Yale kuk, ki) Hán-Nôm : cấc • Hán-Nôm : cức • Hán-Nôm : cực 亟
仃 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːŋ) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding¹ • Middle-Chinese : teng Only used in 伶仃 (língdīng) and 仃伶. Hán-Nôm : đừng • Hán-Nôm : đần • Hán-Nôm : đành • Hán-Nôm : đình • Hán-Nôm : đứa • Hán-Nôm : dừng • Hán-Nôm : đinh 仃
仄 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsrɯɡ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 厂 (“cliff”) + phonetic 夨 (OC *ʔsrɯɡ, “man with crooked head”) – "oblique, slanted" ‖ From English cheque. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tseh • Middle-Chinese : tsrik ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cek¹ slanting; oblique • narrow • uneasy; worried • oblique tone • Alternative form of 側／侧 (“side”) • (dialectal) to raise (cause to rise) • (loanword, Mainland China) zepto- (SI unit prefix) ‖ (Cantonese, dated) cheque be seen dimly • suggest, intimate, hint • faint • stupid 仄 (eum 측 (cheuk)) Hán-Nôm : trắc (linguistics, poetry, of a tone) being neither the ngang or huyền tone • (poetry, of a rhyme) carrying a trắc tone 仄
仞 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁶ • Middle-Chinese : nyinH (historical) a unit of measure, which had been defined to be 8 chi, 7 chi, 5 chi 6 cun, and 4 chi • to fathom; to measure depth or height • Alternative form of 刃 (rèn, “blade; sword; knife”) • Alternative form of 牣 (rèn, “to fill; full”) • Alternative form of 認／认 (rèn, “to recognize”) • Alternative form of 忍 (rěn, “to endure”) • Alternative form of 韌／韧 (rèn, “strong, tough”) • (historical) a place in Chu during the Spring and Autumn period ‖ 仞(じん) • (jin) ‖ ren, ancient Chinese unit of measure 仞 (eum 인 (in)) Hán-Nôm : nhẩn • Hán-Nôm : nhận 仞
仟 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshing • Middle-Chinese : tshen (historical) leader of one thousand men • (financial) Alternative form of 千 (“thousand”) • Alternative form of 阡 (“footpath between fields going north/south”) • Alternative form of 芊 (“lush (vegetation)”) ‖ 仟(せん) • (sen) ‖ (financial, archaic) thousand 仟 • (cheon) · 仟 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn) 仟
仳 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pî • Middle-Chinese : phjieX • Middle-Chinese : bijX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bjij (literary) to part; to leave each other • to distinguish; to tell apart • Alternative form of 比 ‖ Only used in 仳倠. 仳 (eum 비 (bi)) Hán-Nôm : tị 仳
伉 ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong³ • Middle-Chinese : khangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤˇ (literary) to match; to be equal to • (literary) tall; strong • high; tall • upright • arrogant; haughty • (Wenzhounese) and • Alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “to resist”) • a surname ‖ upright ‖ (historical) A person's name. 伉 • (hang) · 伉 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang) 伉
伕 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹ Alternative form of 夫 (“husband”) • Alternative form of 夫 (“common laborer”) 伕
会 ‖ 会(かい) • (kai) ^(←くわい (kwai)?) ‖ 会(かい) • (-kai) ^(←くわい (kwai)?) ‖ 会(え) • (e) ^(←ゑ (we)?) ‖ meeting, gathering • society, association, club ‖ meeting • party; function ‖ gathering; meeting • perceive; understand; comprehend • Alternative form of 絵 (e, “picture; drawing; painting”) 会
伽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡa, *ɡal) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡa, *ɡal) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡa, *ɡal) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ke⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gja ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa¹ Original form of 茄 (qié). • Used in transcription. ‖ Used in transcription. ‖ Used in transcription. • Short for 伽利略 (jiālìlüè, “galileo (unit)”). ‖ 伽(とぎ) • (togi) nursing • attending • entertainer • used for transliterating Sanskrit ‖ relieving one of boredom with a story; also, such a person • attending one in their bedroom; also, such a person • nursing or taking care of a person; also, such a person 伽 (eumhun 절 가 (jeol ga)) Hán-Nôm : già • Hán-Nôm : giả • Hán-Nôm : gia • Hán-Nôm : nhà 伽
佇 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daʔ) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 宁 (OC *da, *daʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ta-t (“to put; to place”). Cognate with 著 (OC *tas, *taɡ, *daɡ), 署 (OC *djas) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǐ • Middle-Chinese : drjoX (literary) to stand (for a long time) • to stop; to stay (for a long time) • to wait; to hope for; to look forward to • to store; to accumulate • (Hokkien) to be at; to be in; to be located • (Hokkien) (located) in; at • (Hokkien) during; in to stand (for a while) 佇 (eumhun 우두커니 설 저 (udukeoni seol jeo)) to stand (for a while) • to stay • to wait for • to store; to accumulate Hán-Nôm : giữ • Hán-Nôm : trữ 佇
体 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 亻 (“person”) + 本 (“basis”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːnʔ) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 本 (OC *pɯːnʔ). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban⁶ • Middle-Chinese : bwonX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟˋ ‖ Alternative form of 笨 (bèn, “coarse appearance; inferior”) • Used in 体夫 (“pallbearer”). ‖ ^‡ name of prison ‖ 体(たい) • (-tai) ‖ 体(たい) • (tai) ‖ 体(てい) • (tei) ‖ counter for humanoid objects ‖ the body (e.g., of a human or animal) • the body (e.g., of a human or animal) · (particularly) the torso excluding the limbs: the trunk, abdomen • a substance, matter • a form, shape • (algebra) field (commutative ring with invertible nonzero elements) ‖ an outward appearance, look, aspect 体 (eumhun 몸 체 (mom che)) ‖ 体 (eumhun 용렬할 분 (yongnyeolhal bun)) Alternative form of 體 (“hanja form of 체 (“body”)”) ‖ Alternative form of 笨 (“hanja form of 분 (“mediocre; rough”)”) Hán-Nôm : thể ‖ Hán-Nôm : thấy body ‖ Alternative form of 𫌠/𧡊 (to see) 体
佔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjems, *teːm) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjems, *teːm) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjems, *teːm) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjems, *teːm) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zim³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàm ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢ • Middle-Chinese : tem to occupy; to possess ‖ Alternative form of 覘／觇 (“to peep; to look”) ‖ to whisper • Alternative form of 襜 (chān) ‖ Only used in 佔侸. possess, usurp, occupy by force 佔 (eum 점 (jeom)) occupy • seize • take Hán-Nôm : chiêm • Hán-Nôm : chiếm 佔
佗 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰaːl, *l'aːl) : semantic 人 (“human”) + phonetic 它 (OC *l̥ʰaːl). ‖ ‖ Probably from 底 (Yang, 2002): \ * tai → ta (→ taʔ); \ * tue → to (→ toʔ). \ For Zhangzhou Hokkien, from an ellipsis of 佗落 (tah-lo). ‖ Probably from 底 (Yang, 2002): \ * tai → ta (→ taʔ); \ * tue → to (→ toʔ). \ For Zhangzhou Hokkien, from an ellipsis of 佗落 (tah-lo). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô • Middle-Chinese : da ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taa¹ • Middle-Chinese : tha ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tá ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : toh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tio̍h ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ Alternative form of 馱／驮 (“to carry on one's back”) ‖ Alternative form of 他 • a surname ‖ (Hokkien) which ‖ (Hokkien) where ‖ to add; to impute ‖ Only used in 委佗, alternative form of 委蛇 (wēiyí) 佗 (eum 타 (ta)) Hán-Nôm : đà 佗
佝 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰoːs) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰoːs) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰoːs) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau¹ • Middle-Chinese : xuwH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ Used in 佝僂／佝偻 (gōulóu). ‖ Only used in 佝瞀. ‖ Alternative form of 拘 (jū) 佝 • (gu) · 佝 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku) 佝
佞 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *neːŋs) : phonetic 仁 (OC *njin) + semantic 女. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁶ • Middle-Chinese : nengH eloquent • to flatter; to be good at flattery • flatterer • evil; wicked; crafty • hypocritical; hypocrisy • to feel dizzy • talent (usually in the humble expression 不佞 (bùnìng)) flattery • insincerity 佞 (eum 녕 (nyeong)) flattery • glib Hán-Nôm : nịnh • Hán-Nôm : nạnh • Hán-Nôm : nến • Hán-Nôm : nính 佞
佬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 亻 (“man; person”) + phonetic 老 (OC *ruːʔ). \ Found in certain southern dialects (chiefly Cantonese) as the colloquial word for “man” (for example, in the term 肥佬). Probably related to Zhuang raeuz ~ laeuz (“we; also a demonym: Rau peoples”), a widespread Tai word meaning “we; people” (Proto-Tai *rawᴬ). \ First attested in 1678 in the following passage from Guangdong Xinyu: \ 廣州謂平人曰佬，亦曰獠，賤稱也。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]广州谓平人曰佬，亦曰獠，贱称也。 [Literary Chinese, simp.] \ Guǎngzhōu wèi píngrén yuē lǎo, yì yuē liáo, jiànchēng yě. [Pinyin] \ People in Guangzhou call “common people” lau or leu (derogatory). \ Also compare Proto-Hmong *ʔljuwᴮ (“male”) (White Hmong lau (“male”)), Proto-Katuic *-law (“man”), as well as Lao ລາວ (lāo, “Lao < people”), Thai ลาว (laao). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˇㄦ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : láu (chiefly Cantonese, dialectal Wu, often slightly derogatory) (adult) man; guy; fellow; chap (Classifier: 個／个 c) ‖ Only used in 侾佬 (“large”). ‖ (Southern Min) to cheat; to swindle Hán-Nôm : lão 佬
佯 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁴ • Middle-Chinese : yang • Middle-Chinese : dzjang ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tènn to pretend; to feign • Used in 佯佯. • Used in 倘佯 (chángyáng). • Used in 儴佯 (xiāngyáng) and 翔佯 (xiángyáng). • Used in 仿佯. ‖ (Southern Min) to pretend; to feign Lie, deceive, show a false appearance. 佯 • (yang) · 佯 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang) 佯
佰 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mbraːɡ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 百 (OC *praːɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mbraːɡ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 百 (OC *praːɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baak³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pah ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mak⁶ • Middle-Chinese : maek (financial) Alternative form of 百 (“hundred”) • (archaic) troop of 100 soldiers, or a leader of such unit, centurion ‖ Alternative form of 陌 ‖ 佰(はく) • (haku) ‖ (financial, archaic) one hundred 佰 (eum 백 (baek)) (백 사람 어른 백, baek-saram-eoreun-): centurion • (일백 백, il-baek-): hundred Hán-Nôm : bách 佰
佻 ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tiu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tiu¹ • Middle-Chinese : thew • Middle-Chinese : dew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tiu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠˋ frivolous • to steal • Alternative form of 挑 ‖ (walking) alone • graceful; elegant ‖ light; quick ‖ to hang; to suspend • far ‖ to delay ‖ arrogant ‖ Alternative form of 肇 佻 (eum 조 (jo)) Hán-Nôm : điêu • Hán-Nôm : đào • Hán-Nôm : diêu 佻
侃 ‖ From 侃大山. ‖ (literary) upright; outspoken; straightforward • (literary) harmonious and happy; congenial • to boast; to tease ‖ (colloquial) to chatter idly • (dialectal) to chat 侃 • (gan) · 侃 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan) 侃
侏 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjo) : semantic 人 (“human”) + phonetic 朱 (OC *tjo). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjo) : semantic 人 (“human”) + phonetic 朱 (OC *tjo). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Middle-Chinese : tsyu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡ Used in 侏儒 (zhūrú). ‖ Used in 侏張／侏张. 侏 (eum 주 (ju)) Hán-Nôm : thù 侏
侖 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 亼 + 冊 (“book”). The component 亼 can be interpreted as either "gather" ("to gather books" therefore "order") or as a downward mouth ("reading words as they're written" therefore "order"). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lûn • Middle-Chinese : lwin Alternative form of 倫／伦 (“reason; order”) think, be methodical 侖 • (ryun>yun) · 侖 • (ryun>yun) (hangeul 륜>윤, revised ryun>yun, McCune–Reischauer ryun>yun, Yale lyun>yun) Hán-Nôm : lỏn • Hán-Nôm : lốn • Hán-Nôm : lổn • Hán-Nôm : lôn • Hán-Nôm : lủn • Hán-Nôm : luân • Hán-Nôm : lũn • Hán-Nôm : lụm • Hán-Nôm : lụn • Hán-Nôm : trôn 侖
俎 Pictogram (象形) – sacrificial altar for meat. The altar's legs are on the left and the vessel is on the right. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zo² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsóo • Middle-Chinese : tsrjoX (historical) sacrificial altar; stand or vessel for meat and food sacrifice • (literary) chopping board; chopping block • a surname ‖ 俎(そ) • (so) ‖ sacrificial altar • cutting board; a chopping board 俎 • (jo) · 俎 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho) 俎
俑 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵ • Middle-Chinese : thuwng • Middle-Chinese : yowngX tomb figurine ‖ 俑(よう) • (yō) ‖ wooden figure buried with the dead 俑 (eum 용 (yong)) Hán-Nôm : dõng • Hán-Nôm : dũng 俑
俚 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯʔ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ). \ ; folk, popular \ ; ethnic groups living in southern China ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí • Middle-Chinese : liX ‖ (obsolete) to rely on • (literary) rustic; vulgar; unpolished • folk; popular • (historical) general name for non-Han ethnic groups living in southern China ‖ (Suzhounese) he; she 俚 (eum 리 (ri)) Hán-Nôm : lái • Hán-Nôm : lia • Hán-Nôm : lí 俚
俞 In oracle bone script, it was likely a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 凡 + phonetic inverted 由 (OC *lɯw). It's also possible that the phonetic component is instead an ancient form of 鏃 (OC *ʔsoːɡ). In bronze inscriptions, 凡 corrupted into 舟, and the bottom-right subcomponent gradually corrupted into two lines (now written 刂). The upper-right subcomponent (亼) moved to the top of the character in bamboo slips, and 舟 was further corrupted into 月, arriving at the modern form. ‖ In oracle bone script, it was likely a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 凡 + phonetic inverted 由 (OC *lɯw). It's also possible that the phonetic component is instead an ancient form of 鏃 (OC *ʔsoːɡ). In bronze inscriptions, 凡 corrupted into 舟, and the bottom-right subcomponent gradually corrupted into two lines (now written 刂). The upper-right subcomponent (亼) moved to the top of the character in bamboo slips, and 舟 was further corrupted into 月, arriving at the modern form. ‖ In oracle bone script, it was likely a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 凡 + phonetic inverted 由 (OC *lɯw). It's also possible that the phonetic component is instead an ancient form of 鏃 (OC *ʔsoːɡ). In bronze inscriptions, 凡 corrupted into 舟, and the bottom-right subcomponent gradually corrupted into two lines (now written 刂). The upper-right subcomponent (亼) moved to the top of the character in bamboo slips, and 舟 was further corrupted into 月, arriving at the modern form. ‖ In oracle bone script, it was likely a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 凡 + phonetic inverted 由 (OC *lɯw). It's also possible that the phonetic component is instead an ancient form of 鏃 (OC *ʔsoːɡ). In bronze inscriptions, 凡 corrupted into 舟, and the bottom-right subcomponent gradually corrupted into two lines (now written 刂). The upper-right subcomponent (亼) moved to the top of the character in bamboo slips, and 舟 was further corrupted into 月, arriving at the modern form. ‖ In oracle bone script, it was likely a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 凡 + phonetic inverted 由 (OC *lɯw). It's also possible that the phonetic component is instead an ancient form of 鏃 (OC *ʔsoːɡ). In bronze inscriptions, 凡 corrupted into 舟, and the bottom-right subcomponent gradually corrupted into two lines (now written 刂). The upper-right subcomponent (亼) moved to the top of the character in bamboo slips, and 舟 was further corrupted into 月, arriving at the modern form. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû • Middle-Chinese : yu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau³ • Middle-Chinese : trhjuwH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ to approve; to consent • yes • to reply; to respond • (literary) satisfied; at ease • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 腧 (“acupoint”) ‖ a surname ‖ Alternative form of 愈 (yù, “even more”) • Alternative form of 癒／愈 (yù, “to recover”) ‖ Used in 俞兒／俞儿. 俞 (eum 유 (yu)) Hán-Nôm : dũ 俞
俟 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Middle-Chinese : zriX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gj+j to wait ‖ Used in 万俟 (Mòqí). 俟 • (sa, gi) · 俟 • (sa, gi) (hangeul 사, 기, revised sa, gi, McCune–Reischauer sa, ki) 俟
俠 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia̍p • Middle-Chinese : hep chivalrous person; knight-errant • chivalrous; gallant ‖ 俠(きょう) • (kyō) ^(←けふ (kefu)?) ‖ 俠(きゃん) • (kyan) ‖ 俠(きゃん) • (kyan) -na (adnominal 俠(きゃん)な (kyan na), adverbial 俠(きゃん)に (kyan ni)) chivalrous person • chivalry • knight-errant • tomboy ‖ Kyūjitai form of 侠: chivalrous spirit ‖ Kyūjitai form of 侠: a chivalrous person; a tomboy ‖ Kyūjitai form of 侠: chivalrous, tomboyish 俠 • (hyeop) · 俠 • (hyeop) (hangeul 협, revised hyeop, McCune–Reischauer hyŏp) chivalrous person • knight-errant Hán-Nôm : hiệp 俠
俾 ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pī • Middle-Chinese : pjeX • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pī • Middle-Chinese : pjeX • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pī • Middle-Chinese : pjeX • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pī • Middle-Chinese : pjeX • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pī • Middle-Chinese : pjeX • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟ (literary, formal) in order to; so that; so as to; therefore; thus; thereby • Original form of 裨 (bì, “to benefit”). ‖ Only used in 俾倪. ‖ Only used in 安俾. ‖ Alternative form of 比 ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 畀 俾 (eum 비 (bi)) Hán-Nôm : tỉ 俾
倀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaŋ, *rtaːŋs) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 長 (OC *taŋʔ, *daŋ, *daŋs) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaŋ, *rtaːŋs) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 長 (OC *taŋʔ, *daŋ, *daŋs) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiòng • Middle-Chinese : trhjang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Middle-Chinese : traengH insane person • ghost of one devoured by a tiger who becomes a servant of the tiger and helps it find more victims ‖ Only used in 倀悙／伥悙. 倀 (eum 창 (chang)) Hán-Nôm : trành 倀
倆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raŋʔ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 兩 (OC *raŋʔ, *raŋs). \ Contraction of 兩個 (liǎngge, “two + classifier”). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáng (colloquial) functioning as 兩 (“two”) + an implied classifier: two; pair; couple; both • (colloquial, chiefly Mainland China) a few; some ‖ Only used in 伎倆／伎俩 (jìliǎng). 倆 (eum 량 (ryang)) Hán-Nôm : lưỡng • Hán-Nôm : lạng 倆
倌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːn, *kroːns) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 官 (OC *koːn). \ Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)(j)wal (STEDT); cognate with Tibetan ཁོལ་པོ (khol po, “servant”), Burmese ကျွန် (kywan, “slave”), Proto-Loloish *C-kywan¹ (“slave”), 宦 (OC *ɡʷraːns, “servant; official”). \ 官 (OC *koːn, “official”) is probably the same word as 倌 (OC *koːn, *kroːns) (Schuelsser, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuann • Middle-Chinese : kwan • Middle-Chinese : kwaenH servant who drives a carriage • groom; keeper of domestic animals • worker in a teahouse or restaurant who provides service assistant in wine shop • groom (keeper of domestic animals) 倌 (eum 관 (gwan)) Hán-Nôm : quan • Hán-Nôm : quán 倌
倏 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljɯwɢ) : phonetic 攸 (OC *lɯw) + semantic 犬 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk¹ • Middle-Chinese : syuwk sudden; abrupt • suddenly; abruptly; hastily 倏 • (suk) · 倏 • (suk) (hangeul 숙, revised suk, McCune–Reischauer suk) Hán-Nôm : thúc 倏
們 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 門 (OC *mɯːn). \ First attested in the Song dynasty (Lü, 1940). Various other glyphs representing *mVn have been attested in Song dynasty texts, including 懣, 滿, 瞞, 門. \ It is probably related to 弭 (MC mjieX) (in 我弭) and 偉 (MC hjw+jX) (in 兒郎偉／儿郎伟 (érláng wěi)) attested in the Tang dynasty (Lü, 1940); it is related to 每 (měi), as in 我每 (wǒměi), common during the Jin (Jurchen), Yuan and early Ming dynasties (Lü, 1985). \ Proposed etymologies: \ * From the personal pronoun plural marker 輩 (OC *puːls) (Lü, 1985; Feng, 1997; Li, 2013). \ * From 門 (MC mwon, “door; clan; family”) (Ota, 2003; Yu, 1989; Li and Shi, 2000). \ * From 每人 (MC mwojX nyin, “everybody”) (Norman, 1988); compare Eastern Min 各儂／各侬 (“everybody”), used in 我各儂／我各侬 (“we; us”), 汝各儂／汝各侬 (“you (plural)”), 伊各儂／伊各侬 (“they”). \ * From 物 (MC mjut, “thing”) (Jiang, 1995). \ * From plural features in Dravidian languages, cf. Classical Tamil -m, -mar, -mār suffixes, Tamil நாம் (nām, “inclusive we”), via Indic languages by means of Buddhist transmission (Chen & Ye, 2020). \ Also compare 您. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bûn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄣˋ Suffix indicating plural for pronouns, some animated nouns and personifications. • Suffix attached to the name of the representative of a group to refer to that whole group. • (dialectal Mandarin, Jin) General suffix indicating plural. ‖ Only used in 們渾／们浑 (mènhún). 們 (eum 문 (mun)) Hán-Nôm : món • Hán-Nôm : môn • Hán-Nôm : mon 們
倖 ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hīng • Middle-Chinese : heangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥˋ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǐng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīng to favor; to dote on • by fluke or chance ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 婞 (xìng, “obstinate”) ‖ (Southern Min) to spoil; to pamper; to indulge 倖 (eum 행 (haeng)) Hán-Nôm : hãnh • Hán-Nôm : hạnh 倖
値 ‖ 値(あたい) • (atai) ^(←あたひ (atafi)?) ‖ 値(ね) • (ne) price • value ‖ value ‖ price 値 (eum 치 (chi)) Hán-Nôm : trị • Hán-Nôm : trịa 値
倥 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Middle-Chinese : khuwng • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung² • Middle-Chinese : khuwngX • Middle-Chinese : khuwngH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Middle-Chinese : khuwng • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung² • Middle-Chinese : khuwngX • Middle-Chinese : khuwngH Only used in 倥侗 (kōngtóng). ‖ Only used in 倥傯／倥偬 (kǒngzǒng). 倥 • (gong) · 倥 • (gong) (hangeul 공, revised gong, McCune–Reischauer kong) 倥
倨 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kù • Middle-Chinese : kjoH (literary) haughty; arrogant • Alternative form of 踞 (jù, “to crouch; to squat”) • Alternative form of 鋸／锯 (jù, “saw”) 倨 • (geo) · 倨 • (geo) (hangeul 거, revised geo, McCune–Reischauer kŏ) 倨
倩 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs) : semantic 人 + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs) : semantic 人 + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiàn • Middle-Chinese : tshenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìng • Middle-Chinese : tshjengH smiling • (beautiful) man • beautiful; pretty; handsome • fast ‖ to ask someone to do something • to have the aid of • to borrow • (Min) to employ; to hire • (Teochew) to beg; to plea; to please; to excuse oneself. Example: 倩食 (ciah4 ziah8) is a very polite way of asking people to eat. • (Hokkien) to urge; to entrust • son-in-law • servant; domestic servant • Alternative form of 銃／铳 (chòng). Only used in 飯匙倩／饭匙倩. 倩 (eum 천 (cheon)) Hán-Nôm : thiến 倩
倪 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋeː) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 兒 (OC *ŋeː, *ŋje). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋeː) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 兒 (OC *ŋeː, *ŋje). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gê • Middle-Chinese : ngej ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁶ small child • small and weak • origin; beginning • bound; limit; extremity • to differentiate • (Wu) I; we • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 睨 (nì, “to look sideways; to squint”) small child • edge, limit, boundary 倪 (eum 예 (ye)) Hán-Nôm : nghê • Hán-Nôm : hầu 倪
倭 ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e • Middle-Chinese : 'wa ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² • Middle-Chinese : 'jwe ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wo² • Middle-Chinese : 'waX (historical, now derogatory) Japan; Yamato • (in some animal names) dwarf; pygmy ‖ Used in 倭遲／倭迟, alternative form of 逶迤 (wēiyí, “winding; meandering”) ‖ Only used in 倭墮髻／倭堕髻 (wǒduòjì, “a hairstyle for women that was popular during the Han Dynasty in which the hair was gathered up in a lopsided bun”). ‖ 倭(わ) • (Wa) Yamato • the country of Japan ‖ ancient Japan 倭 (eumhun 왜나라 왜 (waenara wae)) ‖ 倭 (eumhun 유순할 위 (yusunhal wi)) hanja form of 왜 (“ancient Japan, Yamato”) ‖ (literary Chinese) hanja form of 위 (“docile, obedient”) Hán-Nôm : uy • Hán-Nôm : oải • Hán-Nôm : nụy • Hán-Nôm : nuỵ • Hán-Nôm : oa 倭
偃 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qanʔ) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 匽 (OC *qanʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ián • Middle-Chinese : 'jonX to fall on one's back; to lie down; to flop down • to desist; to cease; to stop dam • weir 偃 (eum 언 (eon)) Hán-Nôm : ễnh 偃
偌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 若 (OC *nja, *njaʔ, *njaɡ). ‖ ‖ From 你 (“you (singular)”), with -k (plural marker) and tone change (Gan, 1997). Possibly a contraction of 你個／你个 (cf. Zhang, 1997, suggesting it to be a contraction of 若個／若个) or 你屋 (Zhang, 2005; Kwok, 2006). \ Compare 㑢 (“they”), from 佢 (“he; she; it”). ‖ ‖ Contraction of 若夥 (Mei, 2015). Compare Fuzhou Eastern Min /nˡuoʔ⁵⁻⁵³ uɑi²⁴²/ > /nˡuɑi²⁴²/. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liā ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : je⁶ ‖ ‖ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : luā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : juā so; that ‖ a surname ‖ (dialectal Cantonese, including Siyi Yue, Yangjiang) you (plural) ‖ (Taishanese) someone (else) ‖ how much; how • how (indicating surprise, delight, etc.) 偌 (eum 야 (ya)) 偌
偕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kriːl) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 皆 (OC *kriːl) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâi • Middle-Chinese : keaj to accompany; together; in company • strong • to unify • to be in harmony (with) • Alternative form of 皆 (jiē, “all”) • a surname 偕 • (hae, hye) · 偕 • (hae, hye) (hangeul 해, 혜, revised hae, hye, McCune–Reischauer hae, hye) 偕
傀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuːl, *kʰuːlʔ) : semantic 亻 (“human”) + phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ). ‖ 傀 (OC *kuːl, *kʰuːlʔ) "extraordinary" (Zhouli) > 瑰 (OC *kuːl, *ɡuːl) "rare, marvelous" > a kind precious stone" (Shijing). \ 傀 (OC *kûi) seemingly had the same OC rhyme as 怪 (OC *kwrêh; *kwêh); they may be merely variants (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka • Middle-Chinese : khwojX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai¹ • Middle-Chinese : kwoj Only used in 傀儡 (kuǐlěi, “puppet”). ‖ odd; peculiar; extraordinary • great large 傀 (eumhun 꼭두각시/허수아비 괴 (kkokdugaksi/heosuabi goe)) ‖ 傀 (eumhun 클 괴 (keul goe)) hanja form of 괴 (“puppet”) ‖ (literary) hanja form of 괴 (“large”) Hán-Nôm : khôi • Hán-Nôm : khổi • Hán-Nôm : ngội • Hán-Nôm : ổi 傀
傖 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄔㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong¹ • Middle-Chinese : dzraeng vulgar person, country man vulgar person • country man 傖 • (chang) · 傖 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang) vulgar person • country man 傖
傢 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa¹ stubborn, obstinate, intransigent 傢 (eum 가 (ga)) Hán-Nôm : gia 傢
傭 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong • Middle-Chinese : yowng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung¹ • Middle-Chinese : trhjowng servant; maid • to employ; to hire • salary; wages • Alternative form of 庸 (“ordinary; mediocre; a kind of tax during the Tang dynasty”) ‖ equal; even; fair; just ‖ 傭(よう) • (yō) employ, hire ‖ hire; employ 傭 (eumhun 품팔이 용 (pumpari yong)) ‖ 傭 (eumhun 고를 총 (goreul chong)) hanja form of 용 (“employ; hire”) ‖ (literary Chinese) hanja form of 총 (“even; fair”) 傭
僑 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrew) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 喬 (OC *krew, *ɡrew). Cantonese · Jyutping : kiu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiâu • Middle-Chinese : gjew to reside abroad; to sojourn; to lodge • people residing abroad • (historical) related to refugees who escaped Xianbei rule in the Sixteen Kingdoms period and resettled in areas still controlled by the Eastern Jin government • diaspora person residing abroad 僑 • (gyo) · 僑 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo) canonical : 僑: Hán Việt readings: kiều 僑: Nôm readings: quều (literary) a person who takes up residence in a foreign country 僑
僖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlɯ) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 喜 (OC *qʰlɯʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Middle-Chinese : xi joyful; happy; glad; delighted • a surname 僖 • (hui) · 僖 • (hui) (hangeul 희) 僖
僥 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kŋeːwʔ, *ŋeːw) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kŋeːwʔ, *ŋeːw) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kŋeːwʔ, *ŋeːw) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiau ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ngew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ lucky • by chance; by luck ‖ Only used in 僬僥／僬侥. ‖ fake 僥 (eum 요 (yo)) Hán-Nôm : nhau • Hán-Nôm : nghẹo 僥
僮 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doːŋ) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 童 (OC *doːŋ) ‖ See 壯. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tung⁴ • Middle-Chinese : duwng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong³ boy • servant • (historical) page; boy servant • ignorant • Alternative form of 動／动 (dòng) • a surname ‖ (obsolete) (～族) Alternative name for 壯／壮 (zhuàng, “Zhuang (people)”). child • fool, foolish • servant 僮 (eum 동 (dong)) Hán-Nôm : đồng 僮
僱 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kòo to employ; to hire • to be employed; to be hired • to rent; to lease • a surname: Gu 僱
儂 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nuːŋ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 農 (OC *nuːŋ). \ ; “Person; I; me > suffix for pronouns” in southeastern varieties \ Its senses of “person; human being” and “pronoun suffix” are well-attested in the classical literature, dating back to the Six Dynasties. At the present time, traces of this word are found in various Southern regions such as Fujian, Jiangxi and Zhejiang, in Wu, Min, Hui and Gan. \ ; “Person; human” \ ; “I” \ ; “Pronoun suffix” \ : \ : A similar chain of changes happened in the Wu varieties to arrive at the modern divergent dialectal forms for “you (singular)”. \ : \ : Some lects, such as Shanghainese, have merged the two syllables into one, leaving 儂／侬 to mean “you (singular)”. \ With regard to the etymology of this word, Huang (1980), Norman (1983) and Zhou (1986) hypothesised that this is the same as 農 (OC *nuːŋ, “farmer; peasant”). The use of this word as a pronoun may have originated as a form of personal deprecation and then come to be used as a full-fledged pronoun. Pan and Chen (1995) disagree, proposing that nong was originally a Baiyue substrate word possibly of Kra-Dai origin, and possibly an original clan name later developing to mean “person; I”. Compare Zhuang Nungz (“a surname”) and name of the 11ᵗʰ century Zhuang leader Nong Zhigao, as well as the name of the Nùng people in Vietnam. ‖ Probably a Kra-Dai substrate word. Compare Proto-Tai *nwoːŋꟲ (“younger sibling”) (whence Zhuang nuengx (“younger sibling”)), Southern Kam nongx (“younger sibling”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Middle-Chinese : nowng ‖ (coastal Min, dialectal Wu) person; human being (Classifier: 隻／只 md; 個／个 mn) • (coastal Min) a person associated with a particular identity or trait; -er • (coastal Min) physical, psychological or moral quality or condition • (coastal Min) others; other people • (Wu, coastal Min) I; me • (archaic or Wu) you (singular) • (dialectal Wu) he, him; she, her; it • (Min, Wu) Suffix for pronouns, functioning as a meaningless particle or a pluralising particle. • a surname. Nong ‖ (dialectal Cantonese) child • (dialectal Cantonese) son • (Leizhou Min) infant • (Hainanese, polite, humble) Used as a first-person singular pronoun, especially used by someone in the younger generation. • (Hainanese, endearing) A pronoun used by someone in the older generation to refer to someone in the younger generation. ‖ 儂(わし) • (washi) ‖ (mainly Western Japan) I, me 儂 (eum 농 (nong)) Hán-Nôm : nông • Hán-Nôm : nùng • Hán-Nôm : noọng 儂
儈 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kui² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Middle-Chinese : kwajH go-between, broker, proxy 儈 (eum 괴 (goe)) Hán-Nôm : cúi 儈
儐 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin • Middle-Chinese : pjinH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin • Middle-Chinese : pjin to entertain guests • someone who entertains guests • to display; to exhibit • Alternative form of 擯／摈 (bìn, “to reject; to abandon; to discard”) ‖ to respect • Alternative form of 顰／颦 (pín, “to frown; to knit one's brows”) 儐 • (bin) · 儐 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin) 儐
儔 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiû • Middle-Chinese : drjuw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠˋ • Middle-Chinese : dawH companion, mate, colleague • people of the same kind • to match; to be on par with • who ‖ ^‡ Alternative term for 華蓋／华盖 (huágài). • ^‡ hide; conceal companion, mate, colleague 儔 (eum 주 (ju)) Hán-Nôm : trù 儔
儘 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 盡 (OC *ʔslinʔ, *zlinʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsīn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǐn utmost; extreme; furthest • to do one's utmost; to do all one can; to do one's best • to give priority to ‖ 儘(まま) or 儘(まんま) • (mama or manma) as it is ‖ the same, unchanged state; state as it is • (mostly in the form 儘になる (mama ni naru)) the desired or ideal state; freedom • act of leaving things as it is • (writing and editing) ママ: sic, as it is 儘 (eum 진 (jin)) Hán-Nôm : tẫn 儘
儡 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːl, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 畾 (OC *ruːl) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lér • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lé • Middle-Chinese : lwoj • Middle-Chinese : lwojX Only used in 傀儡 (kuǐlěi). puppet • defeat 儡 (eumhun 꼭두각시 뢰 (kkokdugaksi roe), word-initial (South Korea) 꼭두각시 뇌 (kkokdugaksi noe)) hanja form of 뢰/뇌 (“puppet”) Hán-Nôm : lỗi 儡
儲 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *da) : semantic 人 + phonetic 諸 (OC *tjaː, *tja). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cou⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thû • Middle-Chinese : drjo to store; to reserve; to save money • stockpiled materials • to wait; to await • heir to the throne • Used in 儲與／储与. • a surname profit 儲 (eum 저 (jeo)) Hán-Nôm : trữ • Hán-Nôm : trừ 儲
儷 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːls) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 麗 (OC *reːls, *rel). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Middle-Chinese : lejH ‖ married couple • (poetry) of a couplet ‖ (Eastern Min) only companion 儷 (eum 려 (ryeo)) Hán-Nôm : lệ 儷
儼 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giám • Middle-Chinese : ngjaemX (literary) grave, respectful, majestic • (literary) as if, seemingly, like • to raise one's head • neatly arranged 儼 (eum 엄 (eom)) Hán-Nôm : nghiễm 儼
兀 ; “to cut off the feet” ‖ ‖ Borrowed from Turkic, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *ol (Zhang and Zhang, 2007). Compare Old Turkic 𐰆𐰞 (ul¹), Turkish o (“he, she, it; that”), Uyghur ئۇ (u, “he, she, it; that”), Chuvash вӑл (văl, “he, she, it”) and Karakhanid اُلْ (ol, “he, she, it; that”). First recorded in the Song Dynasty: \ : \ 前世謂「阿睹」，猶今諺云「兀底」；「寧馨」，猶「恁地」也；皆不指一物一事之詞。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]前世谓「阿睹」，犹今谚云「兀底」；「宁馨」，犹「恁地」也；皆不指一物一事之词。 [Classical Chinese, simp.] \ From: Song Dynasty, 莊綽, 《雞肋編》 \ Qiánshì wèi “ādǔ”, yóu jīn yàn yún “wùde”; “níngxīn”, yóu “nèndì” yě; jiē bù zhǐ yī wù yī shì zhī cí. [Pinyin] \ (please add an English translation of this usage example) ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gu̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gut • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gert • Middle-Chinese : ngwot ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngat⁶ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngat⁶ towering • bald • to cut off the feet • unpeaceful • a surname ‖ Only used in 兀禿／兀秃. ‖ (dialectal Mandarin, Jin) that • (archaic) Used before pronouns to form bisyllabic pronouns. ‖ (Northern Min) that ‖ still; yet towering; high • bald 兀 (eum 올 (ol)) Hán-Nôm : ngột • Hán-Nôm : ngát • Hán-Nôm : ngút 兀
兇 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiong • Middle-Chinese : xjowng • Middle-Chinese : xjowngX terrible; fearful • fierce; ferocious • ruffian; evildoer; criminal • act of violence; murder; evil • (Quanzhou, Jinjiang and Philippine Hokkien) ugly • (Cantonese) to intimidate ill luck 兇 (eumhun 흉악할 흉 (hyung'akhal hyung)) Hán-Nôm : hung 兇
兑 exchange • convert • dui (one of the trigrams of the I Ching: swamp, west) 兑 • (tae, ye) · 兑 • (tae, ye) (hangeul 태, 예, revised tae, ye, McCune–Reischauer t'ae, ye) 兑
兕 Pictogram (象形) . Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Middle-Chinese : zijX a kind of bovine-like animal; traditionally often thought of as a female rhinoceros (Bencao Gangmu), modern research suggests it probably originally referred to wild water buffalo (Schuessler 2007). 兕 (eum 시 (si)) Hán-Nôm : tỉ 兕
兗 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin² Only used in 兗州／兖州 (Yǎnzhōu). 兗 • (yeon) · 兗 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn) 兗
党 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóng a surname • Used in 党項 (Dǎngxiàng). ‖ ‖ 党(とう) • (tō) ‖ 党(とう) • (-tō) ‖ 党(たむら) • (tamura) Mostly used in 党(タン)項(グート) (tangūto, “Tangut”) ‖ political party ‖ political party ‖ political party ‖ Alternative form of 屯 党
内 ‖ 内(うち) • (uchi) ‖ 内(うち) • (uchi) ‖ 内(ない) • (nai) ‖ 内(ない) • (nai) ‖ 内(だい) • (dai) ‖ the inside, within (a physical location) • something between, among • something while, during, inside or within a span of time • (when used possessively) one’s own, my, our ‖ (informal, women's speech) I, me ‖ the inside or middle (of something) • (Buddhism) Buddhist teachings on the inner self or ego, as opposed to non-Buddhist ones ‖ inside • mainland ‖ inside, interior, inner • imperial court 内 (eumhun 안 내 (an nae)) ‖ 内 (eumhun 들일 납 (deuril nap)) ‖ Hán-Nôm : nội • Hán-Nôm : nói • Hán-Nôm : nỗi • Hán-Nôm : nòi • Hán-Nôm : nụi • Hán-Nôm : nồi 内
冑 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯwɢs) : semantic 冃 + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiū • Middle-Chinese : drjuwH (historical) helmet worn by warriors in ancient times ‖ 冑(かぶと) • (kabuto) helmet ‖ Alternative form of 兜 冑 • (ju) · 冑 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu) (투구 주, tugu-): helmet (especially, made of iron) 冑
冕 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : min⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bián • Middle-Chinese : mjenX ceremonial cap; crown • (by extension) things similar to a crown ‖ 冕(べん) • (ben) ‖ crown 冕 (eumhun 면류관 면 (myeollyugwan myeon)) crown Hán-Nôm : miện • Hán-Nôm : mịn 冕
写 photograph, copy, replicate, reproduce, transcribe • be photographed • describe 写
冢 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toŋʔ) : semantic 勹 (“wrap”) + phonetic 豖 (OC *tʰoɡ) – wrapped in a burial shroud. Top component now simplified to 冖. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/r-duŋ (“mountain; hillock”) (STEDT). Cognate with Burmese တောင် (taung, “mountain”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thióng • Middle-Chinese : trjowngX Original form of 塚／冢 (zhǒng, “mausoleum; tomb; burial mound”). • mountain summit • (prefix) eldest, senior in rank 冢 • (chong) · 冢 • (chong) (hangeul 총, revised chong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong) canonical : 冢: Hán Việt readings: trủng 冢: Nôm readings: trũng • canonical : trổng chữ Hán form of trủng (“a grand grave or burial mound”). • Nôm form of trũng (“a deep hole in the ground”). • Nôm form of trổng (“vague, indiscriminate”). 冢
冽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *red) : semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 列 (OC *red). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lit⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍t • Middle-Chinese : ljet cold; frigid; freezing • Alternative form of 洌 (liè, “pure; clear”) ‖ 冽(ただし) or 冽(たゞし) • (Tadashi) ‖ a male given name 冽 (eum 렬 (ryeol)) Hán-Nôm : liệt 冽
凄 uncanny • awful, whacking, enormous, bloody, terrible 凄 (eum 처 (cheo)) Hán-Nôm : thê 凄
凋 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : diu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiau • Middle-Chinese : tew to wither; to fall • to exhaust; to fade • (of life and business) depressed; in decline wither, wilt, fade 凋 (eum 조 (jo)) Hán-Nôm : điêu 凋
凜 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lam⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lím • Middle-Chinese : gim • Middle-Chinese : limX freezing cold • solemn • (literary) fearful ‖ 凜(りん) • (Rin) ‖ a female given name 凜 (eum 름 (reum)) Hán-Nôm : lẫm 凜
凱 Two possibilities: \ * Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ) : semantic 豈 (“drum”) + phonetic 几 (OC *krilʔ), in which case 豈 may have been the initial form of this character. \ * Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ) : phonetic 豈 (OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ) + semantic 几. \ Originally used to mean “music of triumph; victory music”. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngoi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khái • Middle-Chinese : khojX music of triumph; paean • triumph; victory • triumphant; victorious • Alternative form of 愷／恺 (kǎi, “peaceful; harmonious”) • (Taiwan, colloquial) generous with money • a surname triumph, victory 凱 (eum 개 (gae)) Hán-Nôm : khải • Hán-Nôm : ngai 凱
刎 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁵ • Middle-Chinese : mjunX to cut one's throat (especially in suicide) • to cut off; to sever decapitate 刎 (eum 문 (mun)) Hán-Nôm : vẫn 刎
刪 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sraːn) : phonetic 冊 (OC *sʰreːɡ) + semantic 刀 (“knife”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : san • Middle-Chinese : sraen to delete • (～日) (telegraphy) the fifteenth day of a month cut down 刪 (eum 산 (san)) Hán-Nôm : san 刪
别 Alternative form of 別 别 (eum 별 (byeol)) Hán-Nôm : biệt 别
刹 ‖ 刹(さつ) • (satsu) ‖ 刹(せつ) • (setsu) Buddhist temple; pagoda ‖ Alternative form of 檫. ‖ (Buddhism) 刹 (eumhun 절 찰 (jeol chal)) hanja form of 찰 (“Buddhist temple; pagoda”) Hán-Nôm : sát 刹
剁 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doek³⁻¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : do² • Cantonese · Jyutping : do³ • Middle-Chinese : twaH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tok to chop by pounding; to mince; to hash; to cut ‖ (Hokkien, Teochew) Alternative form of 斲 (“to chop”) 剁
剋 ‖ From Middle Chinese 刻 (MC khok) (cf. Sun, 2018, p. 518). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiak • Middle-Chinese : khok ‖ to counteract; to work against; to conflict (especially of one's fate with someone else) • (literary) to overcome; to subdue; to capture; to defeat; to vanquish; to prevail; to surmount; to overthrow • (literary) to restrain; to cut down • (literary) to be able to • (literary) severe; harsh • (literary) to injure; to harm • (literary) [to digest • (literary) to set a time limit ‖ (colloquial) to scold; to censure • (colloquial) to beat • (dialectal) to dig (with the hand) 剋 • (geuk) · 剋 • (geuk) (hangeul 극, revised geuk, McCune–Reischauer kŭk) canonical : 剋: Hán Việt readings: khắc 剋: Nôm readings: khắc chữ Hán form of khắc (“beat, hit (in casual language)”). • chữ Hán form of khắc (“scold, rebuke (in casual language)”). • Nôm form of khắc (“opposite”). 剋
剌 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laat⁶ • Middle-Chinese : lat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚˊ perverse; unreasonable • to contradict; to violate • Used in 剌剌 and 撥剌／拨剌. • Used in transcription. ‖ Alternative form of 拉 (lá, “to slash; to cut in two”) opposed • biased 剌 • (ral) · 剌 • (ral) (hangeul 랄, revised ral, McCune–Reischauer ral) Hán-Nôm : lạp • Hán-Nôm : lạt 剌
剎 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰraːd) : phonetic 殺 (OC *sreːds, *sreːd) + semantic 刂. \ Transcription of the kṣV (क्ष) sequence in various Sanskrit words, probably via Khotanese or Gandhari 𐨐𐨿𐨮 (kṣ /⁠*tʂ(ə), *ʈʂ(ə)⁠/) (Bailey, 1946), including: \ * Sanskrit क्षेत्र (kṣetra, “land; place of pilgrimage”) (剎多羅) \ * Sanskrit क्षण (kṣaṇa, “instant (in time)”) (剎那) \ * Sanskrit क्षेम (kṣema, “residence”) (剎摩) \ * Sanskrit क्षत्रिय (kṣatriya, “warrior caste; kshatriya”) (剎怛利耶, 剎帝利, 剎利) ‖ From 煞 (shā), in turn from 殺／杀 (shā). Cantonese · Jyutping : saat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caat³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat Clipping of 剎多羅／刹多罗 (chàduōluó). · (Buddhism) land; world; place; area • Clipping of 剎多羅／刹多罗 (chàduōluó). · (Buddhism) place of pilgrimage; kshetra; Buddhist temple; Buddhist monastery; pagoda • Clipping of 剎那／刹那 (chànà). · (Buddhism) instant; moment; impermanence • Clipping of 剎那／刹那 (chànà). · (by extension) brief moment; short moment ‖ to brake (a car); to stop a car 剎 • (chal) · 剎 • (chal) (hangeul 찰, revised chal, McCune–Reischauer ch'al, Yale chal) Hán-Nôm : sát 剎
剜 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoːn) : phonetic 宛 (OC *qon, *qonʔ) + semantic 刂. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Middle-Chinese : 'wan to cut out; to scoop out 剜 (eum 완 (wan)) Hán-Nôm : uyển 剜
剝 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *proːɡ) : phonetic 彔 (OC *b·roːɡ) + semantic 刀. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mok¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pok • Middle-Chinese : paewk (Classical) to cut apart • to peel; to skin; to shell • to fall off; to erode; to come off (of skin, paint, etc。) • to strip; to deprive; to exploit • (Cantonese, Hakka, Zhongshan Min) to take off (clothes) • (Hokkien) to take off; to remove; to take down (something to attached to something else) • (Hokkien) to snatch; to take away by force; to rob; to mug peel • peel off • strip 剝 (eum 박 (bak)) to strip • undress • to cut, trim • injure Hán-Nôm : bác • Hán-Nôm : bóc 剝
剥 ‖ 剥(はく) • (haku) peel • peel off • strip ‖ coming off, peeling off 剥
剴 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : goi¹ • Middle-Chinese : koj • Middle-Chinese : ngoj scythe • suitability 剴 • (gae) · 剴 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae) 剴
剷 Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuánn (Hokkien) Alternative form of 㔊 (“thóaⁿ”) 剷 • (san) · 剷 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san) 剷
剽 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiâu • Middle-Chinese : bjiew • Middle-Chinese : phjiewH intrepid • agile • frivolous • rob • pierce • to attack • plagiarize ‖ 剽(ひょう) • (hyō) ‖ a threat 剽 • (pyo) · 剽 • (pyo) (hangeul 표, revised pyo, McCune–Reischauer p'yo) 剽
劉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·ru) : phonetic 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) + semantic 金 (“metal”) + semantic 刂 (“knife”). \ Often written as 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) in the oracle bone script. \ ;kill, slaughter \ ;battle-axe \ ;surname \ :Two origins are recorded: from 劉累 Liú Lěi, descendant of Emperor Yao and dragon-keeper of King Kong Jia of Xia; and from the Liu state (劉國) ruled by Duke Kang of Liu, younger brother of King Ding of Zhou. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liû • Middle-Chinese : ljuw (obsolete) a type of battle axe • (obsolete) to kill; to slaughter • (obsolete) to conquer • (obsolete) to wither • (～國) State of Liu during the Zhou dynasty • a surname ‖ 劉(りゅう) • (Ryū) axe • kill ‖ a surname from Chinese 劉 (eumhun 죽일 류 (jugil ryu), word-initial (South Korea) 죽일 유 (jugil yu)) hanja form of 류/유 (“to kill”) Hán-Nôm : Lưu Chữ Hán form of Lưu (“a surname from Chinese.”). 劉
劑 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zliːls, *ʔslel) : phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls) + semantic 刂. \ From 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls, “orderly”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tse • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsè • Middle-Chinese : tsjwe • Middle-Chinese : dzejH to trim; to prune • to adjust; to make up (a concoction); to concoct • (historical) contract for trading • small piece of dough; dough which has been kneaded • (traditional Chinese medicine) medicinal preparation; concoction • pharmaceutical preparation; medicament • dose; dosage • (chemistry) agent; reagent • Classifier for doses of medicine. 劑 (eum 제 (je)) Hán-Nôm : tễ • Hán-Nôm : xẻ 劑
劬 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gju Only used in 勤劬 (qínqú). 劬 • (gu) · 劬 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku) Hán-Nôm : cù 劬
励 Simplified from 勵 (厲 → 厉). encourage • inspire 励 • (ryeo) · 励 • (ryeo) (hangeul 려, revised ryeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ) 励
勁 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯns, *keŋs) : phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ) + semantic 力 (“strength”). \ Perhaps related to 強 (OC *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ, “strong”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯns, *keŋs) : phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ) + semantic 力 (“strength”). \ Perhaps related to 強 (OC *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ, “strong”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìng • Middle-Chinese : kjiengH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˋㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìng • Middle-Chinese : kjiengH powerful; strong • vigorous; with energy; lively • (Cantonese) amazing; terrific • (Cantonese) very; super ‖ vigor; energy; strength (Classifier: 股 m) • air; manner; expression (Classifier: 股 m) • interest; relish; gusto Powerful, power. 勁 (eum 경 (gyeong)) Hán-Nôm : kính • Hán-Nôm : cứng • Hán-Nôm : cánh • Hán-Nôm : kình 勁
勗 勗 • (uk) · 勗 • (uk) (hangeul 욱, revised uk, McCune–Reischauer uk) 勗
勛 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰun) : phonetic 員 (OC *ɢon, *ɢun) + semantic 力. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hun • Middle-Chinese : xjun meritorious deed • merits • rank 勛 (eum 훈 (hun)) Hán-Nôm : huân 勛
勻 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷin) : phonetic 螾 (OC *lin, *linʔ) + semantic 呂 (“two gold plates”) – a unit of weight, original form of 鈞. The phonetic component is an ancient form of 螾 (see 旬), now written 勹. The component 呂 has corrupted into 二. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ûn • Middle-Chinese : ywin equal; even • to spare; to make even • (Cantonese) thoroughly; exhaustively equal, even, uniform 勻 • (gyun, yun) · 勻 • (gyun, yun) (hangeul 균, 윤, revised gyun, yun, McCune–Reischauer kyun, yun) 勻
匍 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pôo • Middle-Chinese : bu Only used in 匍匐 (púfú). 匍 (eum 포 (po)) Hán-Nôm : bò 匍
匏 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pû • Middle-Chinese : baew gourd • one of the eight categories of musical instruments in the Chinese bayin (八音) classification system, most prominently including mouth organs gourd 匏 • (po) · 匏 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o) 匏 (bào, bầu) 匏
匐 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fuk⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : buk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ho̍k • Middle-Chinese : bjuwk • Middle-Chinese : bok Only used in 匍匐 (púfú). crawl 匐 • (bok) · 匐 • (bok) (hangeul 복, revised bok, McCune–Reischauer pok) 匐
匝 Originally written 帀, see there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsat (literary or dialectal) Classifier for circuits or circles. • (dialectal) Classifier for times, as in frequency. • (literary) to surround; to encircle • (literary) to spread all over; to reach (a limit); to complete a full cycle to go around • Classifier for circuits or circles 匝 (eum 잡 (jap)) Hán-Nôm : táp 匝
匡 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khong • Middle-Chinese : khjwang (literary) upright • to correct; to rectify • (literary) to assist • (literary) to save; to rescue • to predict; to expect • (obsolete) to lose • (historical) name of an ancient book • (historical) name of two ancient places in Henan • Alternative name for 廬山／庐山 (Lúshān). • (obsolete) shell of crabs • ^† Alternative form of 恇 (kuāng) • a surname 匡 (eum 광 (gwang)) Hán-Nôm : khuôn • Hán-Nôm : khuông 匡
匯 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷrɯːlʔ, *kʰʷriːl) : semantic 匚 + phonetic 淮 (OC *ɡʷriːl). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huē • Middle-Chinese : khweaj • Middle-Chinese : hwojX to flow together; to gather together; to converge • to remit (money) • (literary, or in compounds) foreign exchange; forex; FX • to collect; to gather • (literary, or in compounds) collection • (literary, or in compounds) concourse whirl, swirl 匯 (eum 회 (hoe)) Hán-Nôm : hối • Hán-Nôm : vị 匯
匱 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruds) : semantic 匚 (“cabinet”) + phonetic 貴 (OC *kluds, “valuables”). \ ; “quecto-” ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruds) : semantic 匚 (“cabinet”) + phonetic 貴 (OC *kluds, “valuables”). \ ; “quecto-” Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuī • Middle-Chinese : gwijH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : gwijH (literary) to lack; to be deficient in; to be short of • Alternative form of 簣／篑 (kuì, “basket for carrying earth”) • Alternative form of 潰／溃 (“to collapse; to be routed”) • Alternative form of 饋／馈 (kuì, “to gift”) • (Taiwan) quecto- (SI unit prefix) ‖ Original form of 櫃／柜 (guì, “cabinet; cupboard; reservoir”). 匱 (eum 궤 (gwe)) Hán-Nôm : quĩ 匱
区 ‖ 区(く) • (ku) ‖ ward, section, district 区
医 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 匸 (“that which hides; that which stores”) + 矢 (“arrow”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ai³ • Middle-Chinese : 'ejH a tool for storing a bow and crossbow ‖ 医(い) • (i) ‖ 医(い) • (i) ‖ doctor; physician; medicine ‖ doctor • medicine, the healing arts 医 (eumhun 동개 예 (donggae ye)) ‖ 医 (eumhun 의원 의 (uiwon ui)) hanja form of 예 (“used in personal names”) • (literary Chinese) hanja form of 예 (“quiver; a tool for storing a bow and crossbow”) ‖ Alternative form of 醫 (“hanja form of 의 (“doctor”)”) 医
卅 十 (shí, “10”), repeated three times. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa¹ aa⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sa̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siap thirty (archaic) thirty 卅 (eumhun 삼십 삽 (samsip sap)) · 卅 (eumhun 서른 삽 (seoreun sap)) thirty, thirtieth Hán-Nôm : tạp • Hán-Nôm : nẫm 卅
卞 Variant of 弁 (biàn). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piān • Middle-Chinese : bjenH law • impatient; irritable; impetuous; in a hurry • to wrestle with bare hands • (～縣) (historical) Bian County (a county in modern-day Shandong, China) • a surname law • rule • rash • hasty 卞 (eum 변 (byeon)) to be impatient, in a hurry • excitable Hán-Nôm : biện • Hán-Nôm : bèn 卞
卧 卧
卮 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ (historical) cylindrical wine vessel, often with a lid, handle, and three legs • Classifier for the volume of liquid in one zhi (goblet). 卮 (eum 치 (chi)) Hán-Nôm : chi 卮
卹 卹 • (hyul) · 卹 • (hyul) (hangeul 휼, revised hyul, McCune–Reischauer hyul) 卹
卻 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaɡ, *kʰaɡ) : phonetic 𧮫 () + semantic 卩. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khioh • Middle-Chinese : kjak • Middle-Chinese : khjak to withdraw; to retreat • (literary) to drive back (enemy) • to decline; to refuse • (particle placed after monosyllabic verbs) to do away with • (only sentence-medially) but; yet; however Alternative form of 却 (“instead; on the contrary”) 卻 (eum 각 (gak)) Hán-Nôm : khước 卻
厘 Variant of 釐 by omitting the top part of it. shop, store (廛) • a measure of quantity (釐); most commonly, a unit of currency equaling one-thousandth of one yen, or one-tenth of one sen 厘 • (ri, jeon) · 厘 • (ri, jeon) (hangeul 리, 전) 厘
厭 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qemʔ, *qems, *qeb) : semantic 厂 + phonetic 猒 (OC *qem, *qems). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iàm • Middle-Chinese : 'jiemX • Middle-Chinese : 'jiemH • Middle-Chinese : 'jiep ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ià to be satisfied; to be sated • to be fed up with; to grow bored of; to become tired of • to detest; to dislike; to hate • (dialectal Wu) naughty ‖ (Hokkien) to be tired • (Hokkien, Teochew) to be fed up with; to grow bored of; to become tired of ‖ 厭(あき) • (aki) ‖ disgust • having one's fill; loss of interest 厭 (eumhun 싫어할 염 (sireohal yeom)) hanja form of 염 (“to detest”) Hán-Nôm : ướm • Hán-Nôm : yếm • Hán-Nôm : ếm • Hán-Nôm : êm • Hán-Nôm : im 厭
厲 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·rads) : semantic 厂 + abbreviated phonetic 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·rads) : semantic 厂 + abbreviated phonetic 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Middle-Chinese : ljejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ fierce; stern • severe; strict • ferocious • (Classical) Same as 礪／砺 (lì, “whetstone; to sharpen”). • (literary) to encourage; to urge • (literary) to raise; to exert • ^† Alternative form of 濿／𪵱 (lì, “to ford”) • a surname ‖ Same as 癩／癞 (lài). whetstone • grind • sharpen • make an effort to • leprosy 厲 (eum 려 (ryeo)) Hán-Nôm : lẹ • Hán-Nôm : lệ 厲
参 Simplified from 參, which is in turn simplified from 曑. ‖ 参(しん) • (shin) ‖ 参(しん) • (Shin) ‖ 参(さん) • (san) ‖ 参(さん) • (san) ‖ 参(さん) • (San) ‖ 参(さん) • (san) ‖ 参(さん) • (san) ‖ jagged, uneven • carrot, ginseng ‖ (Chinese astronomy) the Three Stars constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions ‖ a calling, coming • (Zen Buddhism) a gathering of Zen members in meditation, preaching, and invocation ‖ check, verify • add, increase, join (a group, etc.) • go (for a specific purpose, for example) • Short for 参議院 (Sangiin): the House of Councillors (upper house of the Diet) ‖ (Chinese astronomy, rare) the Three Stars constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions • a surname ‖ (law) Financial form of 三 (san): 3, three ‖ Alternative spelling of 三 (san): 3, three • Short for 三河国 (Mikawa-no-kuni): Mikawa Province 参
双 Duplication of 又. \ Simplified from 䨇 (elimination of 雔), which is also a variant form of 雙. \ The earliest known record can be found in Ming dynasty 《俗書刊誤》. \ The character 双 bears superficial similarity to the early form of 友 (yǒu). However, the former is not a direct descendant of the latter. ‖ 双(ふた) • (futa) ‖ 双(そう) • (sō) ‖ set of two, pair ‖ pair; double 双 (eum 쌍 (ssang)) Alternative form of 雙 canonical : 双: Hán Việt readings: song 双: Nôm readings: song • canonical : xong • canonical : rông • canonical : rong Alternative form of 雙 双
叙 Unorthodox variant simplified from 敘 (攴 → 又) found in the Tang dynasty orthographic dictionary Ganlu Zishu (干祿字書) and eventually adopted as an official form by the People's Republic of China. to confer; to narrate; to describe Hán-Nôm : tự 叙
叟 Originally 叜. Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“roof; house”) + 火 (“fire”) + 又 (“hand”) – hand holding a torch in the house – original form of 搜 (“to search”). \ Since the clerical script, the top components 宀 and 火 have merged into the unrelated 𦥔. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : só • Middle-Chinese : suwX old man; old gentleman • (honorific) Term of address for an elderly man: sir 叟 (eum 수 (su)) Hán-Nôm : tẩu 叟
叢 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zloːŋ) : semantic 丵 + phonetic 取 (OC *sʰloːʔ, *sʰloʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *C-tsəw-k/ŋ (“to collect; to gather; to assemble”). Cognate with 聚 (OC *zloʔ, *zlos, “to collect; to store”), 族 (OC *zoːɡ, “clan”), 最 (OC *zloːds, “to collect; most”), 稯 (OC *ʔsoːŋ, “sheaf; bundle”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâng • Middle-Chinese : dzuwng to collect; to gather; to assemble; to crowd together • bush; shrub; thicket; grove • collection; crowd • (Northern Min, Southern Min) Classifier for plants. • (Hokkien) Classifier for long objects. • a surname 叢 (eum 총 (chong)) Hán-Nôm : tòng • Hán-Nôm : tùng 叢
叵 A mirror image of 可. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : po² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phó • Middle-Chinese : phaX ^† Contraction of 不可 (bùkě, “cannot; to be unable to; to be impossible to”). • ^† thereupon • Used in 叵羅／叵罗 (pǒluó). cannot, be unable to 叵 (eum 파 (pa)) Hán-Nôm : phả 叵
号 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 口 + 丂. ‖ 号(ごう) • (gō) ^(←がう (gau)?) ‖ 号(ごう) • (-gō) ^(←がう (gau)?) ‖ number • art name ‖ ordinal marker, often with prefix 第 (used like -st, -nd, -rd, -th in English) 号 (eumhun 이름 호 (ireum ho)) Alternative form of 號 (“hanja form of 호 (“name; number”)”) 号
吊 Cantonese · Jyutping : diu³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiò • Middle-Chinese : tewH to condole; to mourn; to pity • to hang • to lift up with a rope • to revoke • Classifier for strings of 1000 copper coins. • Alternative form of 屌 (diǎo, “(vulgar) penis”) 吊 (eum 적 (jeok)) Hán-Nôm : điếu condole; mourn • (obsolete) to hang 吊
吋 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshùn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˋ Synonym of 英寸 (yīngcùn, “inch”) ‖ to scold ‖ 吋(インチ) • (inchi) ‖ インチ: inch 吋 • (chon) · 吋 • (chon) (hangeul 촌, revised chon, McCune–Reischauer ch'on) 吋
吒 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔr'aːɡs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 乇 (OC *ʔr'aːɡ). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshà • Middle-Chinese : traeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshia • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tà ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹ braided hair ‖ Used in names of mythological characters. ‖ Used in place names. 吒 • (ta, tak) · 吒 • (ta, tak) (hangeul 타, 탁, revised ta, tak, McCune–Reischauer t'a, t'ak) Hán-Nôm : tra • Hán-Nôm : cha • Hán-Nôm : chá • Hán-Nôm : sá • Hán-Nôm : xá 吒
吳 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 口 (“mouth”) + 夨 (“man with tilted head”) – to speak loudly. \ ; "to shout" ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gôo • Middle-Chinese : ngu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ to speak loudly; to shout • big • (historical) (～國) Wu, a state during the Western Zhou dynasty and the Spring and Autumn period • (historical) (～國) Eastern Wu, one of the Three Kingdoms • (historical) (～國) Wu, one of the Ten Kingdoms in eastern China which was in existence from 907 to 937 • the region comprising southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang • Wu; the Chinese dialects of that territory, including Suzhounese and Shanghainese • (～市) Kure (a city in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan) • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 虞 (yú) China • to give something, to do something for someone 吳 (eumhun 성씨 오 (seongssi o)) · 吳 (eumhun 큰소리칠 화 (keunsorichil hwa)) Hán-Nôm : ngô chữ Hán form of Ngô (“a surname”). 吳
呃 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːɡs, *qreːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 厄 (OC *qreːɡ). ‖ Compare Zhuang ngaek (“to take advantage of someone”). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : eh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e̍rh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : èr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : erh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : è ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄜ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aai³ • Middle-Chinese : 'eajH to belch • to hiccup; to hiccough • um; uh; er (An interjection said when hesitating in speech) • (onomatopoeia) chicken call ‖ (Cantonese) to deceive; to fool • (Cantonese) to swindle ‖ Used to indicate approval or shock. ‖ 呃 (eum 애 (ae)) Hán-Nôm : ách • Hán-Nôm : nhách • Hán-Nôm : ải 呃
呎 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshik (dated in Mainland China and Taiwan, still used in Hong Kong) Synonym of 英尺 (yīngchǐ, “foot”) • (Hong Kong) square foot foot 呎 (eum 척 (cheok)) foot Hán-Nôm : xích • Hán-Nôm : xếch 呎
呐 呐 • (nul, yeol) · 呐 • (nul, yeol) (hangeul 눌, 열, McCune–Reischauer nul, yŏl) 呐
呱 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaa² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuā • Middle-Chinese : ku 呱 • (go) · 呱 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko) Hán-Nôm : oa 呱
呶 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : nraew to clamour 呶 • (no) · 呶 • (no) (hangeul 노, revised no, McCune–Reischauer no) 呶
呷 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰraːb) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb). ‖ ‖ This orthography is influenced by Mandarin. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hap • Middle-Chinese : xaep ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsia̍h to sip; to suck; to drink ‖ Alternative form of 嘎 (“to quack (like a duck)”) • Alternative form of 嘎 (“to laugh”) ‖ (chiefly Southern Min) Alternative form of 食 (“to eat; to drink; to take in”) 呷 • (hap) · 呷 • (hap) (hangeul 합) 呷
呸 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 + phonetic 丕. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuì ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuì (strong, offensive) bah!; ugh! ‖ (Southern Min) to spit 呸 (eum 비 (bi)) Hán-Nôm : phi • Hán-Nôm : bậy • Hán-Nôm : phôi 呸
咀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaʔ, *zaʔ) : semantic 口 (“speech”) + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-dz(j)a-k/n/t/s (“to eat; food; to feed; rice”); cognate with Tibetan ཟ (za, “to eat”), Burmese စား (ca:, “to eat”), Chepang [script needed] (jeʔ-sa, “to eat”), Japhug ndza (“to eat”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019). Possibly related to 餐 (OC *sʰaːn, “to eat; meal”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsóo • Middle-Chinese : dzjoX • Middle-Chinese : tsjoX to chew; to masticate 咀 • (jeo) · 咀 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ) Hán-Nôm : trớ 咀
咆 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâu • Middle-Chinese : baew 咆 • (po) · 咆 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o) 咆
咎 Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 夊 (“foot”) + 人 (“person”). Later 口 was added, making the modern form an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 各 + 人. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiǔ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiū • Middle-Chinese : gjuwX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠ • Middle-Chinese : kaw fault; defect; error; mistake • calamity; misfortune • to blame; to punish; to find fault ‖ Alternative form of 鼛 (gāo, “large drum”) • a surname • Alternative form of 皋 (gāo, “a surname”): fault • blame 咎 • (gu, go) · 咎 • (gu, go) (hangeul 구, 고, revised gu, go, McCune–Reischauer ku, ko) canonical : 咎: Hán Việt readings: cữu 咎
咚 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dung¹ (onomatopoeia) ratatat (sound of a drum or repeated hits) • (onomatopoeia) boom; thump; thud (sound of a drum or something falling) 咚
咦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hril) : semantic 口 + phonetic 夷 (OC *lil). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hril) : semantic 口 + phonetic 夷 (OC *lil). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Middle-Chinese : xjij An interjection used to express confusion. huh? • (Cantonese) Expression of disgust. ew ‖ smiling 咦 • (i, jae) · 咦 • (i, jae) (hangeul 이, 재, revised i, jae, McCune–Reischauer i, chae) Hán-Nôm : gì • Hán-Nôm : di • Hán-Nôm : ri 咦
咧 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth; speech”) + phonetic 列 (OC *red). ‖ ‖ ‖ See 佇咧. ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lit⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : le² • Cantonese · Jyutping : le¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : le⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍t ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄌㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : le̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --leh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lér • Hokkien · Tai-lo : teh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : leh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lé ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --leh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --le ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē To grimace ‖ to draw back the corners of one's mouth ‖ (dialectal) ‖ (Southern Min) in the process of; currently (placed before the verb) • (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang and Philippine Hokkien) in; at; on (placed after verbs indicating a change of location or position) • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) give something a go; give something a try ‖ Sentence-final particle signalling emphasis of the preceding words. • Sentence-final interrogative particle used to express doubt. ‖ (Tong'an Hokkien) to joke; to kid; to make a joke; to joke around 咧 • (ryeol) · 咧 • (ryeol) (hangeul 렬) Hán-Nôm : lác • Hán-Nôm : sẹt • Hán-Nôm : liệt • Hán-Nôm : sèn • Hán-Nôm : xẹt 咧
咫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kljeʔ) : semantic 尺 (“ruler; measuring stick”) + phonetic 只 (OC *klje, *kljeʔ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsí • Middle-Chinese : tsyeX unit of measurement during the Zhou dynasty, equal to eight cun/tsun (寸) • few; little • short ‖ 咫(あた) • (ata) ‖ 咫(た) • (ta) ‖ 咫(し) • (shi) ‖ (historical, archaic) roughly corresponds to the hand (traditional unit of length; in Japan, described as originally the distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the middle finger (or possibly index finger) with the hand outstretched, often defined as eight 寸 (sun, “traditional inch”) or roughly 18cm) ‖ (historical, archaic) roughly corresponds to the hand (traditional unit of length; in Japan, described as originally the distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the middle finger (or possibly index finger) with the hand outstretched, often defined as eight 寸 (sun, “traditional inch”) or roughly 18cm) ‖ (historical, archaic) roughly corresponds to the hand (traditional unit of length; in Japan, described as originally the distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the middle finger (or possibly index finger) with the hand outstretched, often defined as eight 寸 (sun, “traditional inch”) or roughly 18cm) canonical : 咫: Hán Việt readings: chỉ 咫: Nôm readings: chỉ 咫
咯 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ). ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Contraction of 咯樣／咯样 ‖ Contraction of 咯一 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kha̍k ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄌㄛ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko̍k ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok⁶ ‖ ‖ ‖ to expel from the throat • an interjection, the sound of coughing ‖ (chiefly Cantonese) Sentence-final particle indicating that something is obvious. ‖ Used in 咯噠／咯哒. • an interjection, the sound of coughing, chicken's clucking, etc. • (Hokkien) sound of hens clucking • (Mainland China Hokkien) sound of swallowing • (Mainland China Hokkien) to take a big gulp quickly ‖ Only used in 吡咯 (bǐluò). ‖ (Xiang) this ‖ (Xiang) so; such ‖ (Xiang) this 咯 • (gak) · 咯 • (gak) (hangeul 각, revised gak, McCune–Reischauer kak) 咯
咻 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiu • Middle-Chinese : xjuw • Middle-Chinese : xjuX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu¹ ‖ (Cantonese, archaic) Alternative form of 嘵／哓 (“perfective aspect particle”) 咻 • (hyu) · 咻 • (hyu) (hangeul 휴, revised hyu, McCune–Reischauer hyu) Hán-Nôm : hưu • Hán-Nôm : hiu 咻
哂 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hjɯnʔ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 西 (OC *sɯːl) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : can² • Middle-Chinese : syinX to smile • to laugh at, sneer at 哂 • (sin) · 哂 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin) Hán-Nôm : thẩn 哂
唇 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Middle-Chinese : tsyin • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Middle-Chinese : tsyin • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˋ terrified ‖ sound of fear; trembling ‖ 唇(くちびる) • (kuchibiru) lip ‖ lips 唇 • (jin) · 唇 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin) Hán-Nôm : thần • Hán-Nôm : chấn • Hán-Nôm : thuấn • Hán-Nôm : chuấn • Hán-Nôm : chuần • Hán-Nôm : truần • Hán-Nôm : truấn • Hán-Nôm : suấn • Hán-Nôm : suần • Hán-Nôm : sươn • Hán-Nôm : sun • Hán-Nôm : chúm • Hán-Nôm : chún 唇
唔 Belongs to the *m- series of negatives; see 無 (OC *ma, “no”) for more. Cognate with the syllabic negative 毋 (m̄, m̀) in Hokkien and Hakka. ‖ ‖ Onomatopoeic. ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㆭˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄯˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : m⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ (Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka) not (negator) ‖ Used to express agreement or permission: mhm; uh-huh • Used to express surprise. • Alternative form of 嗯: Used to express doubt. • (Cantonese) Used to express hesitation or thinking: hmm ‖ Only used in 咿唔 (yīwú, “sound of recitation”). ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 寤 (wù, “to wake”) reading voice 唔 • (o) · 唔 • (o) (hangeul 오) Hán-Nôm : ngô 唔
唳 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lit⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁶ • Middle-Chinese : lejH • Middle-Chinese : let cry • honking of birds • droning of cicadas 唳 • (ryeo) · 唳 • (ryeo) (hangeul 려, revised ryeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ) cry of bird • cry 唳
唷 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ó ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ó A particle used to express surprise or query ‖ (Quanzhou and Philippine Hokkien) Emphatic final particle used to make requests 唷 • (yuk) · 唷 • (yuk) (hangeul 육, revised yuk, McCune–Reischauer yuk) 唷
唸 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tɯːms, *tɯːns) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 念 (OC *nɯːms, “to read”). groan, roar 唸 • (jeom, jeon) · 唸 • (jeom, jeon) (hangeul 점, 전, revised jeom, jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏm, chŏn) Hán-Nôm : nếm • Hán-Nôm : điếm • Hán-Nôm : điệm • Hán-Nôm : niệm 唸
啓 ‖ 啓(けい) • (Kei) ‖ 啓(けい) • (kei) ‖ a male given name ‖ disclose, open, say 啓 (eumhun 열 계 (yeol gye)) hanja form of 계 (“open, begin”) Hán-Nôm : khải • Hán-Nôm : kiết 啓
啕 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : daw to wail 啕 • (do) · 啕 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to) 啕
啖 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daam⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tam • Middle-Chinese : damX • Middle-Chinese : damH to eat; to dine • to feed (someone/something) • to entice with the promise of profits; to lure with money • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Pinghua) Classifier for mouthfuls of things (water, rice, etc.) • (Cantonese) Classifier for kisses. 啖 • (dam) · 啖 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam) Hán-Nôm : dạm • Hán-Nôm : đạm • Hán-Nôm : giảm 啖
啜 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tods, *djods, *tod, *tʰjod, *djod) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 叕 (OC *tod). \ Possibly related to 噆 (OC *ʔsluːb, “(of a mosquito) to bite”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³⁻¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyut³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsheh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsherh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuat • Middle-Chinese : trjwejH • Middle-Chinese : dzywejH • Middle-Chinese : tsyhwet • Middle-Chinese : dzywet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ • Middle-Chinese : trjwet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄞˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Tshuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Tshè (literary or dialectal) to taste; to eat; to drink; to sip • (Cantonese) to suck • (Cantonese) to kiss • (Cantonese) to stick to (a surface); to be stuck on • (literary) thick soup • (literary) to sob; to weep • (Hakka) Alternative form of 撮 (cod⁵) to cheat; to deceive; to hoax ‖ ^‡ to be talkative; to nag ‖ a surname 啜 • (cheol) · 啜 • (cheol) (hangeul 철) 啜
啞 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraːʔ, *qraːɡs, *qraːɡ, *qraːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亞 (OC *qraːɡs). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ʔa (“mute”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraːʔ, *qraːɡs, *qraːɡ, *qraːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亞 (OC *qraːɡs). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ʔa (“mute”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraːʔ, *qraːɡs, *qraːɡ, *qraːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亞 (OC *qraːɡs). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ʔa (“mute”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : é • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ée • Hokkien · Tai-lo : á • Middle-Chinese : 'aeX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ik • Middle-Chinese : 'aek • Middle-Chinese : 'eak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a • Middle-Chinese : 'aeH mute; dumb (unable to speak) • speechless; without sound • hoarse • (of a shell, bomb, etc.) to fail to explode; (of a firearm) to fail to fire ‖ (onomatopoeia) laughter; sound of laughing ‖ Alternative form of 呀 • (onomatopoeia) The sound of cawing. • (onomatopoeia) The sound of a child learning to speak. ‖ Kyūjitai form of 唖 ‖ 啞 • (a) · 啞 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a) Hán-Nôm : á • Hán-Nôm : ạ • Hán-Nôm : ớ • Hán-Nôm : dạ 啞
啟 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khé • Middle-Chinese : khejX to open • to enlighten; to educate; to inspire • to start; to begin; to commence • to inform; to state; to explain • note; short letter • (Chinese mythology) Qi of Xia (second king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty) • Short for 啟示錄／启示录 (Qǐshìlù, “Revelation”). • a surname 啟 • (gye) · 啟 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye) Hán-Nôm : khải • Hán-Nôm : khơi • Hán-Nôm : khui 啟
啣 啣 • (ham) · 啣 • (ham) (hangeul 함, revised ham, McCune–Reischauer ham) 啣
啥 Probably a fusion of 什麼／什么 (shénme) (Lü, 1985). Cantonese · Jyutping : saa² • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siannh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sannh (colloquial, dialectal Mandarin, Southern Min, Wu) what what (variant of 舍) Hán-Nôm : sá 啥
啻 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci³ • Middle-Chinese : syeH only; just • Original form of 啇 (dì). • Alternative form of 適／适 啻 • (si) · 啻 • (si) (hangeul 시) 啻
啾 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsɯw) : semantic 口 + phonetic 秋 (OC *sʰɯw). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsjuw (onomatopoeia) waa (wailing of a child) • (onomatopoeia) chirp (of a bird) • (onomatopoeia) chu (sound of a kiss) 啾 • (chu) · 啾 • (chu) (hangeul 추, revised chu, McCune–Reischauer ch'u) Hán-Nôm : thu • Hán-Nôm : tu 啾
喀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰraːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 客 (OC *kʰraːɡ). \ Onomatopoeic; compare English hack. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa³ • Middle-Chinese : khaek (onomatopoeia) noise made in coughing or vomiting • Used in transliterations. 喀 • (gaek) · 喀 • (gaek) (hangeul 객, revised gaek, McCune–Reischauer kaek, Yale kayk) Hán-Nôm : khách • Hán-Nôm : ca 喀
喃 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rnuːm) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 南 (OC *nuːm). ‖ ‖ ‖ From Vietnamese 喃 (Nôm), in turn from Chinese 南 (“south”). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naam⁴ • Middle-Chinese : nream ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naam⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naam⁴ (onomatopoeia) Used in 喃喃 (nánnán). • (onomatopoeia) Used in 呢喃 (nínán). ‖ Only used in 噆喃. ‖ (Southwestern Mandarin) Interrogative particle, equivalent to 呢 (ne) in Standard Chinese. ‖ (of or relating to) chữ Nôm ‖ Used in transcription. 喃 • (nam) · 喃 • (nam) (hangeul 남, revised nam, McCune–Reischauer nam) Hán-Nôm : nam • Hán-Nôm : nẩm • Hán-Nôm : Nôm common speech 喃
喋 ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dip⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dep ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dip⁶ • Middle-Chinese : tep ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap⁶ • Middle-Chinese : draep talking endlessly; talkative ‖ bleeding ‖ mouth opening and closing; sucking talk, chat, chatter 喋 • (cheop, jap) · 喋 • (cheop, jap) (hangeul 첩, 잡, revised cheop, jap, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏp, chap) Hán-Nôm : nhịp 喋
喔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qroːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 屋 (OC *qoːɡ). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ok¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngak¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'aewk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ooh the sound of a chicken: cluck ‖ Particle conveying realization. 喔 • (ak) · 喔 • (ak) (hangeul 악, revised ak, McCune–Reischauer ak) Hán-Nôm : ác • Hán-Nôm : ộc • Hán-Nôm : ọt • Hán-Nôm : ốc • Hán-Nôm : ủ 喔
喟 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : khwijH • Middle-Chinese : khweajH (literary) to heave a sigh; to sigh sigh 喟 • (wi, goe) · 喟 • (wi, goe) (hangeul 위, 괴, revised wi, goe, McCune–Reischauer wi, koe, Yale wi, koy) Hán-Nôm : vị 喟
喬 Ideogram (指事) – a differentiated form (分化字) of 高 (OC *kaːw, “high, tall”), with a differentiating marker, which was variously a stroke, 屮, 止, 力, 九, or 夭. \ Based on the 夭 form, only attested starting from the Han dynasty (Chi, 2010), Shuowen erroneously interprets 夭 as a semantic component meaning “to bend” and treats the character as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) . \ Cognate with 憍 (OC *krew, “to lift the head”), 驕 (OC *krew, “proud”), 撟 (OC *krewʔ, “to lift”), 嶠 (OC *ɡrews, “peak”); 高 (OC *kaːw, “high; tall”) and 蹻 (OC *krewʔ, “martial; vigorous”) could be allofams (Schuessler, 2007). \ Sagart (2017b) compares this word to Tibetan སྒྲོ (sgro, “to elevate; to exalt; to increase”) and Jingpho shagrau (“to exalt”). He also considers 鷮 (OC *krew, *ɡrew, “a kind of pheasant (with a long tail and feathers used for ornaments)”) to be related, comparing it to Tibetan སྒྲོ (sgro, “large feather”), which he suggests is derived from the verb. ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Originally Hokkien 撨 (chhiâu). ‖ Transliteration of English names. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiâu • Middle-Chinese : gjew • Middle-Chinese : kjew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ tall; lofty • section on the shaft of a spear near the spearhead for hanging a feather • a surname ‖ to pretend; to feign; to disguise • (archaic, derogatory) bad; vile; crafty; fake; stupid; cowardly; useless • (archaic) headstrong and easily angered ‖ Alternative form of 驕／骄 (jiāo, “proud; arrogant”) ‖ Only used in 喬詰／乔诘. ‖ (Hokkien) to make things difficult for ‖ (Hokkien, Taiwanese Mandarin) to discuss; to negotiate; to coordinate ‖ Joe (English given name) • Joel (English given name) high • boasting 喬 • (gyo) · 喬 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo) Hán-Nôm : kiều 喬
喱 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei¹ grain (unit) Hán-Nôm : li 喱
喲 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jo¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄧㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄧㄡ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jo¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄧㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄧㄡ An interjection used when surprised. ‖ A particle used at the end of phrases where there is a pause. 喲 • (yak) · 喲 • (yak) (hangeul 약, revised yak, McCune–Reischauer yak) Hán-Nôm : ước • Hán-Nôm : dục 喲
嗆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaŋs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaŋs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiùnn ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshngh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshn̍gh to choke (due to swallowing the wrong way) ‖ to irritate the respiratory organs, especially the nose (of smoke or odor) • (Taiwan) to shout at somebody; to speak out against somebody ‖ (Hokkien) to sniffle; to snuffle; to snort (especially outwards rather than inwards when the nose is stuffed) • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to sob incessantly 嗆 • (chang) · 嗆 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang) Hán-Nôm : sang 嗆
嗇 Characters in the same phonetic series (嗇) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 來 + 㐭. ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Middle-Chinese : srik ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siah • Middle-Chinese : srik ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Middle-Chinese : srik Original form of 穡／穑 (sè). · to reap • Original form of 穡／穑 (sè). · farming; farm labour ‖ (obsolete) to cherish • (obsolete) to save; to conserve; to not waste • miserly; thrifty; stingy • (obsolete) to covet • (obsolete) to lack; to be insufficient • (rare) to have a poor harvest • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) silent and not speaking; not disclosing anything • ：佯嗇嗇／佯啬啬 [Hokkien] ― tèⁿ sek sek [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to pretend not to know • a surname ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 濇／涩 (sè, “not smooth; not flowing”) lowly • the country • the countryside • be countrified 嗇 • (akkil saek/geodul saek) · 嗇 • (akkil saek/geodul saek) (hangeul 아낄 색/거둘 색, revised saek, McCune–Reischauer saek) miserly, thrifty, stingy • stopped up, constipated Hán-Nôm : sắc 嗇
嗎 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ). \ From 無 (OC *ma, “not”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ For Philippine Hokkien 嗎／吗 (--ba), it is borrowed from Tagalog ba (interrogative particle). ‖ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : maa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ma • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --ma • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --ba ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : môo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˊㄦ Final interrogative particle, forming yes/no questions. ‖ Used as a phonetic character. ‖ (Mandarin, colloquial) what 嗎 • (ma) · 嗎 • (ma) (hangeul 마) Hán-Nôm : mửa • Hán-Nôm : ma • Hán-Nôm : mớ • Hán-Nôm : mạ • Hán-Nôm : mắng • Hán-Nôm : mỉa • Hán-Nôm : mứa • Hán-Nôm : mựa 嗎
嗑 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngap¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Middle-Chinese : hap • Middle-Chinese : kap to crack between the teeth • to talk; to gab • Alternative form of 喝 eat seeds • reproach • loquacious eat seeds • reproach • loquacious Hán-Nôm : hạp 嗑
嗟 In Small Seal Script, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsljal) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 差 (OC *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːls, *sʰral) (𧪘). In Regular Script, 言 (yán) became 口 (kǒu). ‖ In Small Seal Script, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsljal) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 差 (OC *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːls, *sʰral) (𧪘). In Regular Script, 言 (yán) became 口 (kǒu). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsjae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˋ (literary) sigh; alas ‖ Only used in 咄嗟 (duōjiē, “in a short time”). ‖ 嗟(ああ) or 嗟(アー) • (ā) ‖ Alternative form of アー 嗟 • (cha) · 嗟 • (cha) (hangeul 차, revised cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'a) Hán-Nôm : ta • Hán-Nôm : xơi 嗟
嗤 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjɯ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 蚩 (OC *tʰjɯ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Middle-Chinese : tsyhi to laugh at; to jeer; to sneer laugh • ridicule, mock, make fun of 嗤 • (chi) · 嗤 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i) Hán-Nôm : si • Hán-Nôm : suy • Hán-Nôm : xỉ 嗤
嗥 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hou⁴ howl (like a wolf); wail Hán-Nôm : hào 嗥
嗦 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : so Used in 哆嗦 (duōsuo). • Used in 囉嗦／啰嗦 (luōsuo). • Used in 嗦嗦. • (Guangxi Mandarin) to eat (rice noodles, luosifen, etc.) Hán-Nôm : sách 嗦
嗨 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth; speech”) + phonetic 海 (OC *hmlɯːʔ) ‖ From English hi. ‖ From English high. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hài ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai¹ Alternative form of 咳 (hāi) ‖ (colloquial) hi; hey ‖ (colloquial) to get high on • (colloquial) to be exhilarated; to have fun (not necessarily under the influence of alcohol or recreational drugs) 嗨
嗯 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 恩. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 恩. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 恩. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 恩. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㆭˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄯˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㆭˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄯˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄣˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄣ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㆭˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄯˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄥ Used as an interjection to express doubt or curiosity. ‖ Used as an interjection to express surprise. ‖ Used as an interjection to express agreement or pledge. • Alternative form of 硬 (yìng) ‖ (onomatopoeia) A groaning sound. 嗯
嗷 From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋəw Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ngaw (onomatopoeia) sound of wailing • clamor 嗷 • (o) · 嗷 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o) Hán-Nôm : ngao • Hán-Nôm : ngào • Hán-Nôm : ngoao 嗷
嗾 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : suwX • Middle-Chinese : suwH • Middle-Chinese : tshuwH urge on, incite 嗾 • (ju) · 嗾 • (ju) (hangeul 주) Hán-Nôm : thốc 嗾
嘆 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thàn • Middle-Chinese : than • Middle-Chinese : thanH to sigh • (literary or in compounds) to chant • (literary or in compounds) to praise; to exclaim in admiration • (grammar) Short for 嘆詞／叹词 (tàncí, “interjection”). • (Cantonese) to enjoy ‖ 嘆(たん) • (tan) to sigh • to lament • to moan • to grieve ‖ sigh 嘆 (eumhun 탄식할 탄 (tansikhal tan)) Alternative form of 歎 (“hanja form of 탄 (“sigh”)”) canonical : 嘆: Hán Việt readings: thán • canonical : than 嘆: Nôm readings: than • canonical : han • canonical : thán • canonical : thăn • canonical : hớn • canonical : hen • canonical : thơn Nôm form of than (“to complain”). 嘆
嘈 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zluː) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 曹 (OC *zluː) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsô • Middle-Chinese : dzaw noisy • (Cantonese) to make noise; to annoy by making noise • (Cantonese) to quarrel; to argue • (Cantonese) to complain; to make a fuss to make noise; to buzz 嘈 (eumhun 들렐 조 (deullel jo)) to make noise • noisy • talking voice Hán-Nôm : tào 嘈
嘍 ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˇ • Middle-Chinese : luwX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : luw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄌㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : loo ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lau³ Only used in 嗹嘍／𪡏喽. ‖ Used in 嘍囉／喽啰 (lóuluó). • Used in 吐嘍／吐喽. ‖ used in onomatopoetic expressions ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 摟／搂 (lau3) 嘍 (eum 루 (ru)) Hán-Nôm : lâu • Hán-Nôm : làu 嘍
嘔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoː, *qoːʔ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo). \ Ultimately onomatopoeic (Schuessler, 2007). \ STEDT derives this from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔaw (“to vomit”), comparing it to Burmese အော့ (au.). \ Alternatively, it may be cognate with Tibetan སྐྱུག (skyug) (Schuessler, 2007) and Japhug qioʁ (Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019). ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : áu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : óo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ió • Middle-Chinese : 'uwX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : au¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'uw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : au² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄡ to vomit ‖ Alternative form of 謳／讴 (ōu, “to sing”) • (onomatopoeia) Used to describe orchestral music, cooing, etc. ‖ to make someone angry • to become angry ‖ (literary) affable; kind • (literary) to exhale air to warm something up ‖ (obsolete) the sound of anger ‖ An informal greeting. ‖ vomit ‖ 嘔 • (gu, hu) · 嘔 • (gu, hu) (hangeul 구, 후, revised gu, hu, McCune–Reischauer ku, hu) Hán-Nôm : ẩu • Hán-Nôm : xua • Hán-Nôm : ẫu 嘔
嘖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ, *zreːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ, *zreːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsraek • Middle-Chinese : dzreak • Middle-Chinese : tsreak ‖ (literary) to argue • (onomatopoeia) sound of tongue clicking ‖ (onomatopoeia) sound of tongue clicking; tut; tsk 嘖 • (chaek) · 嘖 • (chaek) (hangeul 책, revised chaek, McCune–Reischauer ch'aek) Hán-Nôm : chép • Hán-Nôm : trách 嘖
嘟 ‖ ‖ Onomatopoeic. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dyut¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : too • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dut¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dyut¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : too • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tu Only used in 嘟囔 (dūnang). ‖ (regional, colloquial) to pout; to pucker up ‖ (of a car) to honk; to beep • (Cantonese, onomatopeia) beep sound • (Cantonese, euphemistic) bleep (as a replacement of any profanity) • (Cantonese) to tap a card; to swipe a card • (Cantonese, computing) to scan 嘟 • (do) · 嘟 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to) Hán-Nôm : đua • Hán-Nôm : đùa • Hán-Nôm : đô 嘟
嘩 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraː) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 華 (OC *qʰʷraː, *ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraː) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 華 (OC *qʰʷraː, *ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraː) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 華 (OC *qʰʷraː, *ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraː) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 華 (OC *qʰʷraː, *ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hua • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâ • Middle-Chinese : xwae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hua ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : huā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hua ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : waa³ to make noise; to be noisy; to be uproarious ‖ (onomatopoeia) sound of flowing or gurgling water • (onomatopoeia) thump; clang; sound of crashing ‖ (Southern Min) to joke around; to laugh and play • (Southern Min) to make noise; to bustle ‖ (Cantonese) wow!; whoa! (used to express surprise or admiration) noisy 嘩 • (hwa) · 嘩 • (hwa) (hangeul 화, revised hwa, McCune–Reischauer hwa) Hán-Nôm : hoa 嘩
嘮 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːw, *hr'aːw) : semantic 口 + phonetic 勞 (OC *raːw, *raːws). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːw, *hr'aːw) : semantic 口 + phonetic 勞 (OC *raːw, *raːws). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːw, *hr'aːw) : semantic 口 + phonetic 勞 (OC *raːw, *raːws). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːw, *hr'aːw) : semantic 口 + phonetic 勞 (OC *raːw, *raːws). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --lo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠ • Middle-Chinese : trhaew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ to nag; to talk on and on; to chatter ‖ (dialectal) to talk; to chat ‖ Only used in 嘮呶／唠呶 (“to be noisy”). ‖ Alternative form of 詨／𰵦 (xiào, “sound of interjection”) 嘮 • (cho) · 嘮 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o) Hán-Nôm : lao 嘮
嘯 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɯːwɢs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 肅 (OC *sɯwɢ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siàu • Middle-Chinese : sewH to whistle • to howl; to roar; to scream; to cry • (Taoism) type of breathing exercise involving vocalizations ‖ 嘯(うそ) • (uso) ‖ 嘯(うそふき) • (usofuki) ‖ 嘯(うそぶき) • (usobuki) to whistle ‖ (archaic, possibly obsolete) a whistle (sound), a whistling sound ‖ the clownish “whistling” mask used in 狂言 (kyōgen, “a farce performed between noh plays”, literally “crazy talk”) ‖ whistling, making a whistling sound 嘯 • (so) · 嘯 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so) roar, howl, scream • whistle Hán-Nôm : khiếu 嘯
嘰 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Middle-Chinese : kj+j to eat a little • to sigh • An onomatopoeia. 嘰 • (gi) · 嘰 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki) Hán-Nôm : kí 嘰
嘱 entrust • request 嘱 • (chok) · 嘱 • (chok) (hangeul 촉, revised chok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ok) Hán-Nôm : chúc 嘱
噎 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qiːɡ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 壹 (OC *qlid). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : eh • Middle-Chinese : 'et to choke • to breathe against the wind with difficulty • burp; belch • (dialectal) to render somebody speechless by saying something blunt or rule • (literary) to block; to obstruct choke • smother 噎 • (yeol) · 噎 • (yeol) (hangeul 열, revised yeol, McCune–Reischauer yŏl) Hán-Nôm : ế • Hán-Nôm : nhắc • Hán-Nôm : nhắt • Hán-Nôm : nhốt 噎
噓 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰa, *qʰas) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 虛 (OC *kʰa, *qʰa) – to exhale, blow out from the mouth. Note that 虛／虚 (xū) means empty, void, hence connotations of “empty via the mouth”. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰa, *qʰas) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 虛 (OC *kʰa, *qʰa) – to exhale, blow out from the mouth. Note that 虛／虚 (xū) means empty, void, hence connotations of “empty via the mouth”. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰa, *qʰas) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 虛 (OC *kʰa, *qʰa) – to exhale, blow out from the mouth. Note that 虛／虚 (xū) means empty, void, hence connotations of “empty via the mouth”. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi¹ • Middle-Chinese : xjo • Middle-Chinese : xjoH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoe¹ to slowly exhale • to sigh; to lament • to praise; to flatter • to heat by steam or fire ‖ (Mandarin, interjection) hush! shh! ‖ hooting; boo; disapproval sound • to boo ‖ lie, falsehood ‖ 噓 • (heo) · 噓 • (heo) (hangeul 허, revised heo, McCune–Reischauer hŏ) Hán-Nôm : hờ • Hán-Nôm : hư 噓
噗 Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 菐 (pú). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pho̍k (onomatopoeia) the sound of sudden laughter, outgassing, the release of liquid or gas generally, etc. 噗
噙 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kam⁴ Hán-Nôm : gầm 噙
噢 ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu² • Middle-Chinese : 'juX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Middle-Chinese : 'juwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ou³ ‖ Only used in 噢咻. ‖ Only used in 噢咿. ‖ interjection for pain, sadness; realization: "Oh!" ‖ Sentence-final particle used to indicate a monishing tone. • Sentence-final particle used to indicate an informative tone. 噢 • (uk, u) · 噢 • (uk, u) (hangeul 욱, 우) Hán-Nôm : úc • Hán-Nôm : ủ • Hán-Nôm : ục 噢
噤 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gam³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hīm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìm • Middle-Chinese : gimX • Middle-Chinese : gimH to close one's mouth and be silent; to be unable to speak • to shiver, to tremble shut up 噤 • (geum) · 噤 • (geum) (hangeul 금, revised geum, McCune–Reischauer kŭm) close • be silent, be unable speak Hán-Nôm : gặm 噤
噥 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rnuːŋ, *nuːŋ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 農 (OC *nuːŋ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nung⁴ • Middle-Chinese : nowng • Middle-Chinese : nraewng 噥 (eum 농 (nong)) Hán-Nôm : nũng 噥
噫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrɯːɡs, *qɯ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 意 (OC *qɯɡs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrɯːɡs, *qɯ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 意 (OC *qɯɡs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrɯːɡs, *qɯ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 意 (OC *qɯɡs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'i ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aai³ • Middle-Chinese : 'eajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ (Classical) alas; sigh (expressing regret or grief) • huh; wow; eh (expressing surprise or wonder) ‖ to belch; to burp • (obsolete) to exhale; to blow ‖ Alternative form of 抑 (yì, “but; however”) ‖ exclamation • burp, belch ‖ 噫 (eumhun 한숨 쉴 희 (hansum swil hui)) ‖ 噫 (eumhun 트림할 애 (teurimhal ae)) hanja form of 희 (“to sigh; to groan”) • (literary) hanja form of 희 (“alas (expressing regret or surprise)”) ‖ hanja form of 애 (“to belch; to burp”) Hán-Nôm : y 噫
噬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djads) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 筮 (OC *djads). \ Sagart (2021c) revises the Old Chinese reconstruction as *m-tet-s, from volitional prefix *m- + a root *tet-s (“to bite”), from which 瘈 (OC *k(ə)-tet-s, “mad; rabid (dog)”) also derives. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sī • Middle-Chinese : dzyejH to bite; to gnaw 噬 • (seo) · 噬 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ) Hán-Nôm : phè 噬
噯 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ An interjection expressing disagreement or negation. • Synonym of 噯氣／嗳气 (ǎiqì, “to belch; to burp”) ‖ An interjection expressing annoyance or regret. 噯 • (ae) · 噯 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae) Hán-Nôm : áy 噯
噱 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : koek⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kek⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coek³ • Middle-Chinese : gjak 噱 • (gyak) · 噱 • (gyak) (hangeul 갹, revised gyak, McCune–Reischauer kyak) Hán-Nôm : cược • Hán-Nôm : hước • Hán-Nôm : hược 噱
噸 Borrowed from English ton. For Taiwanese Hokkien tòng, via Japanese トン (ton). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tùn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòng Classifier for metric ton. • Classifier for ton; tonne. • Classifier for registered ton. ‖ 噸(とん) or 噸(トン) • (ton) ‖ トン: ton 噸 • (ton) · 噸 • (ton) (hangeul 톤, McCune–Reischauer t'on) Hán-Nôm : đốn 噸
噹 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tang the sound of bells 噹
嚀 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˊ • Middle-Chinese : neng ‖ to enjoin ‖ (Taishanese) that • (Taishanese) there 嚀 • (nyeong) · 嚀 • (nyeong) (hangeul 녕, revised nyeong, McCune–Reischauer nyŏng) Hán-Nôm : ninh 嚀
嚅 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : nyu Used in compounds. 嚅 (eum 유 (yu)) Hán-Nôm : nheo 嚅
嚏 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːɡs) : semantic 口 + phonetic 疐 (OC *tiːɡs, *tiɡs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tè • Middle-Chinese : tejH to sneeze sneeze 嚏 • (che) · 嚏 • (che) (hangeul 체, revised che, McCune–Reischauer ch'e) Hán-Nôm : xì 嚏
嚕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 魯 (OC *raːʔ). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lu³ Used in compounds. ‖ (Cantonese) Used at the end of a sentence to indicate relief due to change of state. • (Cantonese) Used at the end of a sentence to indicate disappointment due to change of state. 嚕 • (ro) · 嚕 • (ro) (hangeul 로, revised ro, McCune–Reischauer ro) Hán-Nôm : lỗ • Hán-Nôm : rủa • Hán-Nôm : sủa • Hán-Nôm : ruả 嚕
嚥 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qeːns) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 燕 (OC *qeːn, *qeːns). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin³ • Middle-Chinese : 'enH to swallow swallow, gulp 嚥 • (yeon) · 嚥 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn) Hán-Nôm : yết • Hán-Nôm : en • Hán-Nôm : ẻn 嚥
嚨 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːŋ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Middle-Chinese : luwng Used in compounds. throat 嚨 • (rong) · 嚨 • (rong) (hangeul 롱, revised rong, McCune–Reischauer rong) throat Hán-Nôm : lùng 嚨
嚮 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoeng³ • Middle-Chinese : xjangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoeng² • Middle-Chinese : xjangX to turn toward; to approach • toward; facing; against • direction, side, face • to look out on • in the past; previously ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 享 • (obsolete) Alternative form of 響／响 guide, lead • favor, prefer 嚮 • (hyang) · 嚮 • (hyang) (hangeul 향, revised hyang, McCune–Reischauer hyang) Hán-Nôm : hướng • Hán-Nôm : hưởng 嚮
嚶 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːŋ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 嬰 (OC *qeŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'eang (onomatopoeia) the call of a bird chirping • birds singing together 嚶 • (aeng) · 嚶 • (aeng) (hangeul 앵, revised aeng, McCune–Reischauer aeng) Hán-Nôm : inh 嚶
囀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tons) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 轉 (OC *tonʔ, *tons). \ Onomatopoetic. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun³ • Middle-Chinese : trjwenH (of birds) to sing, to chirp, to warble, to twitter 囀 • (jeon) · 囀 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn) Hán-Nôm : chuyển 囀
囁 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liap • Middle-Chinese : nyep • Middle-Chinese : tsyep soft unclear voice • move the mouth as in speaking; to chatter • hesitation • (Hokkien) to talk bad behind one's back; to chatter; to have words; to speak recklessly; to fabricate slander To murmur or mumble, To whisper 囁 (eum 섭 (seop)) · 囁 (eum 엽 (yeop)) Hán-Nôm : chiếp • Hán-Nôm : li • Hán-Nôm : niếp 囁
囂 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 㗊 (“four mouths; to clamor”) + 頁 (“head”) – a clamoring crowd. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 㗊 (“four mouths; to clamor”) + 頁 (“head”) – a clamoring crowd. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hau ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ to be loud; to be noisy; to clamor • arrogant ‖ (literary) Alternative form of 隞 (Áo, “Ao (capital of the Shang Dynasty)”) Noisy, talking loudly without thinking about people around you. 囂 • (hyo) · 囂 • (hyo) (hangeul 효, revised hyo, McCune–Reischauer hyo, Yale hyo) clamorous, noisy Hán-Nôm : hiu 囂
囈 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ngjiejH to talk in one's sleep; to sleeptalk 囈 (eum 예 (ye)) Hán-Nôm : nghệ 囈
囉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːl) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 羅 (OC *raːl). ‖ ‖ ‖ Borrowed from English gross (Cheung, 2007). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄌㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lō • Middle-Chinese : la ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lo¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lo¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lo¹ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : --loo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --looh annoying; noisy • to nag; to argue; to prattle; to chatter • Used in medieval Buddhist texts to transcribe the Sanskrit syllable ra. ‖ Normally used with 咪 (mai⁶); indicates that a suggestion or conclusion should be obvious. • Normally used with 咪 (mai⁶); connects a condition to a result or suggestion. • Statement-final particle used to express impatience or vexation. • Statement-final particle used to invite agreement or sympathy. ‖ (Cantonese) buttocks (Classifier: 個／个 c) ‖ (Cantonese) gross (twelve dozen, 144) ‖ (Hokkien) already; now (final perfective particle expressing completion) 囉 • (ra) · 囉 • (ra) (hangeul 라, revised ra, McCune–Reischauer ra) Hán-Nôm : la • Hán-Nôm : ra 囉
囌 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sou¹ Only used in 嚕囌／噜苏 (lūsū). Hán-Nôm : tô 囌
囑 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjoɡ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 屬 (OC *tjoɡ, *djoɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Middle-Chinese : tsyowk to enjoin; to urge; to instruct • to entrust; to put into the care of; to request • words of enjoinment; advice; testament 囑 • (chok) · 囑 • (chok) (hangeul 촉, revised chok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ok) Hán-Nôm : chúc 囑
囱 囱 • (chong, chang) · 囱 • (chong, chang) (hangeul 총, 창, revised chong, chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong, ch'ang) Hán-Nôm : song 囱
国 Simplified from 國 (或 → 玉). Also compare 囯, an unorthodox variant of 國 that contains 王 (“king”) instead of 玉 (“jade”). ‖ 国(くに) • (kuni) ‖ 国(こく) • (koku) ‖ a land, a large place • a country in general, a region • a country as in a nation, a state • the office of emperor, the crown; affairs of state • a province of ancient Japan • the national government in ancient Japan; the national capital in ancient Japan • one's birthplace, where one is from, one's home ‖ a land, a large place • a country in general, a region • a country as in a nation, a state Alternative form of 國 (“hanja form of 국 (“country; state; nation; land”)”) canonical : 国: Hán Việt readings: quốc 国: Nôm readings: quốc Alternative form of 國 (“chữ Hán form of quốc (“(only in compounds) nation; state; country”).”) 国
圬 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'u plaster over with layer of mud 圬 (eum 오 (o)) trowel Hán-Nôm : hũ 圬
圭 Pictogram (象形) : 土 + 土 – stack of (clay, jade) tablets. Duplication of 土. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ke • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kui • Middle-Chinese : kwej jade pointed at top • (historical) jade tablet used by officials when addressing the emperor in court • (historical) gui (type of ancient Chinese sundial) • a surname ‖ 圭(けい) • (Kei) square jewel • corner • angle • edge ‖ a unisex given name 圭 (eum 규 (gyu)) jade pointed at top Hán-Nôm : quê • Hán-Nôm : khoai • Hán-Nôm : khuê • Hán-Nôm : que 圭
圯 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lɯ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 巳 (OC *ljɯʔ, *lɯs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Middle-Chinese : yi bridge canonical : 圯: Hán Việt readings: di 圯: Nôm readings: dãy • canonical : dẻ • canonical : dẽ • canonical : dĩ 圯
圳 ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsùn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsùn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄞˊ furrow in a field; small drainage in a field ‖ Only used in 深圳 (Shēnzhèn). ‖ The meaning of this term is uncertain. 圳 • (su, cheon) · 圳 • (su, cheon) (hangeul 수, 천, revised su, cheon, McCune–Reischauer su, ch'ŏn) Used in placename (See 深圳) • Note: the pronunciation 수(su), which is attested as standard in most of Korean hanja dictionaries, is reconstructed from Fanqie, whereas 천(cheon) is derived from the modern Chinese pronunciation. As this hanja is not used in common Sino-Korean words, 천 is used in most of Korean dialogues and documents. 圳
坍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰaːm) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 丹 (OC *taːn). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan¹ to collapse; to topple 坍 (eum 담 (dam)) canonical : 坍: Nôm readings: đàn • canonical : than 坍
坩 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːm, *kʰaːm) : semantic 土 (“earth; dirt”) + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːm, *kʰaːm) : semantic 土 (“earth; dirt”) + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khann • Middle-Chinese : kham ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kim⁴ earthenware ‖ Only used in 坩堝／坩埚 (gānguō). jar, pot 坩 • (gam) · 坩 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam) earthenware, earthenware vessel Hán-Nôm : cam 坩
坼 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ) : semantic 图 (“hand”) + phonetic 斥 (OC *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡs, *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caak³ ^† to crack; to break open • ^† to sprout; to blossom split • tear • open 坼 • (tak) · 坼 • (tak) (hangeul 탁, revised tak, McCune–Reischauer t'ak) split • open Hán-Nôm : sách 坼
垠 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn) : semantic 土 (“soil”) + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gûn • Middle-Chinese : ngin • Middle-Chinese : ngj+n • Middle-Chinese : ngon boundary; limit • dike; riverbank; raised border limit • boundary 垠 • (eun) · 垠 • (eun) (hangeul 은) boundary • bank of stream or river Hán-Nôm : hằn • Hán-Nôm : ngăn • Hán-Nôm : ngấn • Hán-Nôm : ngân • Hán-Nôm : ngần 垠
埂 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gang² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kńg • Middle-Chinese : kaeng • Middle-Chinese : kaengX ‖ low bank of earth between fields; earth dyke ‖ (Lichuan Gan) to argue; to quarrel Hán-Nôm : ghềnh 埂
埔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 甫. ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : poo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phóo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou³ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : poo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : poo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phoo (Hakka, Southern Min) plain; flatland • Used in place names. ‖ Used in 黃埔／黄埔 (Huángpǔ). ‖ Alternative form of 埠 (“wharf”) • Used in place names. • (Hong Kong) Short for 大埔 (Dàbù, “Tai Po”). ‖ Used in 查埔 (cha-po͘, “man”). ‖ Used in 柬埔寨 (Jiǎnpǔzhài). Hán-Nôm : bộ 埔
堕 Simplified from 墮 (elimination of 工). to degenerate • to descend to • to lapse into 堕
堯 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋeːw) : phonetic 垚 (OC *ŋeːw) + semantic 兀 (“towering and bald”). Also an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 垚 (“tall (of earth)”) + 兀 (“towering and bald”). \ The oracle bone script consists of two 土 (“soil; earth”) at the top and one 兀 at the bottom. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giâu • Middle-Chinese : ngew ^‡ lofty; high • Emperor Yao, legendary ruler of ancient China • a surname • (Mainland China) yotta- (SI unit prefix) high • far 堯 • (yo) · 堯 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo) Hán-Nôm : nghiêu • Hán-Nôm : nghẻo • Hán-Nôm : nghễu • Hán-Nôm : nhao • Hán-Nôm : nhiều 堯
塢 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːʔ, *qaːs) : semantic 土 (“soil”) + phonetic 烏 (OC *qaː) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ù • Middle-Chinese : 'uX (literary) castle or obstruction that provides protection • (literary) small market town • hollow; place with elevated surroundings and a depressed center • structure with high sides to keep the wind out (e.g. a dock) Alternative form of 隖 塢 • (o) · 塢 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o) Hán-Nôm : ổ • Hán-Nôm : ọ • Hán-Nôm : ủ • Hán-Nôm : ụ 塢
塵 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 鹿 (“deer”) + 土 (“soil, dust”) – cloud of dust produced by a (group of) running deer. Ancient simplification of 𪋻, which pictures three deer on top instead of one. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-dul ~ r-tul (“dust”). Cognate with Tibetan རྡུལ (rdul, “dust, particle”). Cantonese · Jyutping : can⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thûn • Middle-Chinese : drin dust; dirt; ashes; cinders • to be streaked with dirt; to become stained • trace; footprint • (figurative) dirty thing • (figurative) war; warfare • (Buddhism) this world; mundane world; this mortal life • (Buddhism) the number billionth (10⁻⁹) • for a long time • a surname ‖ 塵(ちり) • (chiri) ‖ 塵(じん) • (jin) ^(←ぢん (din)?) ‖ dust ‖ (Buddhism) impurity • one billionth 塵 • (jin) · 塵 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin) Hán-Nôm : trần • Hán-Nôm : chần 塵
塹 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams) : phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 土 (“earth”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim³ • Middle-Chinese : tshjemH A deep pit or trench, especially a city moat • A natural barrier • A rift valley 塹 • (cham) · 塹 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am) Hán-Nôm : khiếm 塹
墀 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁴ • Middle-Chinese : drij 墀 • (ji) · 墀 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi) Hán-Nôm : trì 墀
墊 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːms, *diːb) : phonetic 執 (OC *tjib) + semantic 土 (“earth”). \ ; "to pay in advance" \ Replaced 㞟 (diàn). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːms, *diːb) : phonetic 執 (OC *tjib) + semantic 土 (“earth”). \ ; "to pay in advance" \ Replaced 㞟 (diàn). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːms, *diːb) : phonetic 執 (OC *tjib) + semantic 土 (“earth”). \ ; "to pay in advance" \ Replaced 㞟 (diàn). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːms, *diːb) : phonetic 執 (OC *tjib) + semantic 土 (“earth”). \ ; "to pay in advance" \ Replaced 㞟 (diàn). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din³⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin³⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiām ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dim³ • Middle-Chinese : temH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dip⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dep pad; cushion; mat • to put something under something else to raise or balance it • to fill up something; to insert something • (Southern Min) to sow ‖ to pay something in advance; to pay for somebody ‖ to sink down; to drown; to perish; to descend ‖ Only used in 墊江／垫江 (Diànjiāng). 墊 • (jeom) · 墊 • (jeom) (hangeul 점, revised jeom, McCune–Reischauer chŏm) Hán-Nôm : điếm 墊
壅 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoŋ, *qoŋʔ, *qoŋs) : phonetic 雍 (OC *qoŋ, *qoŋs) + semantic 土 (“soil; ground”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngung¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ìng • Middle-Chinese : 'jowng • Middle-Chinese : 'jowngX (literary) to obstruct; to block; to stop • (literary) to heap; to pile up • (literary) to cover; to hide plug up • shut up 壅 (eumhun 막을 옹 (mageul ong)) hanja form of 옹 (“to block; to obstruct”) Hán-Nôm : ung 壅
壑 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hok • Middle-Chinese : xak mountain valley; narrow ravine; bed of torrent; gully • hole; deep hole with water 壑 • (hak) · 壑 • (hak) (hangeul 학, revised hak, McCune–Reischauer hak, Yale hak) Hán-Nôm : hác 壑
壕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːw) : semantic 土 (“earth; dirt”) + phonetic 豪 (OC *ɡaːw). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ô • Middle-Chinese : haw moat; channel • (military) trench • (Internet slang) Alternative form of 土豪 (tǔháo) ‖ 壕(ごう) • (gō) ^(←がう (gau)?) ‖ 壕(ほり) • (hori) moat, trench ‖ moat, trench ‖ ditch, canal • moat 壕 • (ho) · 壕 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho) Hán-Nôm : hào 壕
壘 ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luí • Middle-Chinese : lwijX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leot⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ rampart; military wall • (baseball) base • to pile up ‖ Only used in 鬱壘／郁垒 (Yùlǜ). ‖ Used in 磈壘／磈垒. • Alternative form of 纍／累 (léi) • Alternative form of 蘲 (léi) ‖ 壘(るい) • (rui) ‖ Kyūjitai form of 塁 壘 (eumhun 진 루 (jin ru), word-initial (South Korea) 진 누 (jin nu)) hanja form of 루/누 (“rampart”) • hanja form of 루/누 (“(baseball) base”) Hán-Nôm : lũy • Hán-Nôm : luỹ 壘
壙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷaːŋs) : semantic 土 (“earth; dirt”) + phonetic 廣 (OC *kʷaːŋʔ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong³ • Middle-Chinese : khwangH (literary) tomb; grave • (literary) open wilderness; prairie • (literary) Alternative form of 曠／旷 (kuàng, “vast; expansive”) 壙 • (gwang) · 壙 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang) Hán-Nôm : khoảng 壙
壟 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roŋʔ) : phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ) + semantic 土 (“earth”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǐng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līng • Middle-Chinese : ljowngX grave; mound • raised path between fields • ridge mound • grave • rice field dike 壟 • (rong) · 壟 • (rong) (hangeul 롱, revised rong, McCune–Reischauer rong) Hán-Nôm : lũng 壟
壩 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːɡs) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 霸 (OC *praːɡs). Cantonese · Jyutping : baa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pè dam; embankment; dike • Alternative form of 垻／坝 (“plain; beach”) • beach (sandy, on a river, lake or coast, used chiefly in place names) 壩 • (pae) · 壩 • (pae) (hangeul 패, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'ae) Hán-Nôm : bá 壩
壮 Simplified from 壯 (爿 → 丬) ‖ 壮(さかん) • (sakan) -na (adnominal 壮(さかん)な (sakan na), adverbial 壮(さかん)に (sakan ni)) ‖ 壮(そう) • (Sō) ^(←さう (sau)?) ‖ 壮(つよし) • (Tsuyoshi) ‖ Alternative form of 盛ん ‖ a male given name ‖ a male given name Hán-Nôm : tráng 壮
声 ‖ 声(こえ) • (koe) ^(←こゑ (kowe)?) ‖ 声(せい) • (sei) ‖ 声(しょう) • (shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?) ‖ 声(しょう) • (shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?) ‖ a voice • an accent • a feedback • (in the form ～の声を聞く (...no koe o kiku), lit. “listenable voice”) a feeling, sound, or tone of something • a voiced sound • (archaic) a Sino-Japanese pronunciation or reading of a Chinese character, as opposed to its 訓 (kun) or native Japanese counterpart ‖ voice • speech, word • fame, honor, reputation • Chinese character pronunciation ‖ a voice, speech • a tone • a variation of stress in pronunciation • Short for 声点 (shōten): a tone mark (in Middle Chinese) ‖ voice, sound • expression, speech • tone (in Chinese linguistics) 声
壺 Contraction of 葫蘆 (OC *ɡaː raː, “calabash”) (Wu, 2006). Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ôo • Middle-Chinese : hu pot; jar; kettle (vessel used to boil liquid); jug; vase; can; thermos; bottle; flask; canteen (water bottle) • (historical) a kind of ancient vessel • Classifier for bottled liquid. • a surname ‖ 壺(つぼ) • (tsubo) ‖ 壺(こ) • (ko) ‖ container or depression: · A pot or jar; a vessel or bottle. • container or depression: · A basin, as at the base of a waterfall. • container or depression: · A pressure point in acupressure or acupuncture. • The core or heart of an issue. • (slang) Those who believe in the Family Federation for World Peace and Unification (formerly the Unification Church) and/or who are in close touch with this religion. (As this religion used to sell vessels to cast out evil spirits) ‖ hu (ancient Chinese vessel shaped like a vase, usually used to store alcohol) 壺 (eum 호 (ho)) Hán-Nôm : hồ 壺
夙 Characters in the same phonetic series (夙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ The oracle bone script consisted of 月 (“moon”) and 丮, and resembled a man holding the moon, probably representing the worship of the moon. Alternatively, it might represent a person working under the moon in the early morning when the moon has not set. \ In some forms of its bronze inscription, 月 corrupted into 夕. \ 丮 later got reduced into 凡. \ Schuessler (2007) compares this with Proto-Lolo-Burmese *C-sok ~ *V-sok (“morning; morrow”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s(j)u-ŋ/k (“to wake up; morning; clear-headed; to sober up”). Burmese သောကြာ (sau:kra, “Venus”) is unrelated as it ultimately derives from Sanskrit शुक्र (śukra). \ Schuessler (2007) also considers this to be related to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m-sow (“to arise; to awake; to awaken”), as the morning is the time to arise. Other possible Chinese comparanda of this Tibeto-Burman word are 搜 (OC *sru, “to move”) (as in 搜搜), 速 (OC *sloːɡ, “speedy”), 聳 (OC *sloŋʔ, “to urge on”) (STEDT). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siok • Middle-Chinese : sjuwk early morning • early • old; past • since old days early morning • early • since long ago • to be prudent, mindful, respectful 夙 • (suk) · 夙 • (suk) (hangeul 숙, revised suk, McCune–Reischauer suk) Hán-Nôm : túc 夙
够 够
夤 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : în • Middle-Chinese : yin 夤 • (in) · 夤 • (in) (hangeul 인, revised in, McCune–Reischauer in) Hán-Nôm : dần 夤
夥 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰloːlʔ, *ɡloːlʔ, *ɡroːlʔ) : phonetic 果 (OC *kloːlʔ) + semantic 多. \ According to Fangyan, 夥, which means "many" or "much", was a dialectal expression found in rural Qi and Song and around the border between Chu and Wei (齊宋之郊、楚魏之際曰夥). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fo² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hér • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hué • Middle-Chinese : hwaX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁵ • Middle-Chinese : hweaX many; much; a lot of; numerous • (alt. form 伙) companion; partner; assistant ‖ Only used in 夥頤／伙颐. immense • tremendous 夥 (eumhun 많을 과 (maneul gwa)) · 夥 (eumhun 많을 화 (maneul hwa)) hanja form of 과 • hanja form of 화 Hán-Nôm : lõa • Hán-Nôm : loã • Hán-Nôm : hỏa • Hán-Nôm : hoả • Hán-Nôm : khỏa • Hán-Nôm : khoả 夥
夾 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) – one person (大) holding two other people (人) under his arm, or two people (人) sandwiching a person (大). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) – one person (大) holding two other people (人) under his arm, or two people (人) sandwiching a person (大). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) – one person (大) holding two other people (人) under his arm, or two people (人) sandwiching a person (大). ‖ ‖ From 合 (MC kop). Compare Hokkien 佮 (“and; with”) and Teochew 佮 (“and; with”). For sound development, compare modern Cantonese 鴿／鸽 (gaap3), from 鴿 (MC kop). ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gip⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gep⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gip⁶⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gep⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giap • Middle-Chinese : keap ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaak³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kah ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngeeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gereh ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hip³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ to squeeze between; to pinch; to clamp; to hold between • to carry under one's arm • to place in between; to be located between; to be wedged between • on or from both sides • to support; to assist • to mix; to intermingle; to intersperse • clip; clamp • folder; wallet • torture device used to squeeze the ankles • wharf by a river • Short for 夾室／夹室. • Short for 夾鐘／夹钟. • (Cantonese, figuratively) to remove; to take away • (Canada, US) intersection of ‖ double-layered; lined • Alternative form of 袷 (“lined garment”) • a surname ‖ Only used in 夾竹桃／夹竹桃 (jiāzhútáo) and 夾生／夹生 (jiāshēng). ‖ Only used in 夾肢窩／夹肢窝 (gāzhiwō). ‖ (Cantonese) also; and • (Cantonese) well-matched; matching; harmonious • (Cantonese, Hokkien) to match; to fit • (Cantonese) to coordinate • (Cantonese) to share • (Cantonese) to contribute; to chip in ‖ (Hokkien) to clamp; to pinch (using chopsticks, tongs, clips, pegs, etc.) • (Zhangzhou Hokkien Hokkien) to clamp with a chela • (Hokkien) clamp-like tool used to pick up things (such as tongs, clips, pegs, etc.) ‖ to perambulate; to inspect on foot • Alternative form of 挾／挟 (xié, “to seize”) ‖ Alternative form of 狹／狭 (xiá, “narrow”) ‖ Alternative form of 鋏／铗 (jiá, “hilt of a sword”) insert between • cramped 夾 • (hyeop) · 夾 • (hyeop) (hangeul 협, revised hyeop, McCune–Reischauer hyŏp) Hán-Nôm : giáp • Hán-Nôm : xáp • Hán-Nôm : ghép • Hán-Nôm : kép 夾
奄 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 大 (“big”) + 申 (“extend”) – to cover. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 大 (“big”) + 申 (“extend”) – to cover. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 大 (“big”) + 申 (“extend”) – to cover. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iám • Middle-Chinese : 'jemX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : am ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim¹ to cover; to surround; to include • suddenly; abruptly; quickly; hastily ‖ feeble • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 閹／阉 (yān, “to castrate; eunuch”) • Alternative form of 淹 (yān, “to remain; to tarry”) cover • suffocate • obstruct 奄 • (eom) · 奄 • (eom) (hangeul 엄, revised eom, McCune–Reischauer ŏm) Hán-Nôm : yêm • Hán-Nôm : yểm • Hán-Nôm : ăm • Hán-Nôm : im • Hán-Nôm : em 奄
奎 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷeː) : semantic 大 + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fui¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe • Middle-Chinese : khwej the stride of a person • Legs, one of the twenty-eight lunar mansions star Hán-Nôm : khuê 奎
奐 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷaːns) : abbreviated phonetic 夐 (OC *qʰʷeːns, *qʰʷeŋs) + semantic 廾. Alternatively ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 穴 (“yurt”) + 廾 (“hands”) a pair of hands opening a yurt door to let in sunlight, hence brilliant. Originally used to represent 換 (OC *ɢʷaːns, “to change; to swap”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huàn • Middle-Chinese : xwanH numerous clear • bright 奐 • (binnal hwan) · 奐 • (binnal hwan) (hangeul 빛날 환, revised hwan, McCune–Reischauer hwan) be numerous, brilliant Hán-Nôm : hoán 奐
奕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laːɡ) : phonetic 亦 (OC *laːɡ) + semantic 大 (“big; great”). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Middle-Chinese : yek ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ǐ great; grand • beautiful • skilled; adept • bright • (of years, generations, etc.) many; one after another • Alternative form of 弈 (yì, “Go (board game); to play Go”) • Alternative form of 亦 (yì, “also”) • Alternative form of 弋 (yì), used in 游奕 (yóuyì). • a surname ‖ (Hokkien) to play (cards, lottery, chess, etc.) • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to start; to begin (in an activity) 奕 • (hyeok) · 奕 • (hyeok) (hangeul 혁, revised hyeok, McCune–Reischauer hyŏk) Hán-Nôm : dịch 奕
奘 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zaːŋʔ, *zaːŋs) : phonetic 壯 (OC *ʔsraŋs) + semantic 大. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dzangX • Middle-Chinese : dzangH fat, stout • great, huge 奘 • (jang) · 奘 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang) Hán-Nôm : tráng 奘
奥 ‖ 奥(おく) • (oku) ‖ 奥(おく) • (Oku) ‖ inside; inner depths • back, rear • inside the house • one's heart, true feelings ‖ a surname 奥 (eumhun 깊을 오 (gipeul o)) ‖ 奥 (eumhun 따뜻할 욱 (ttatteuthal uk)) Alternative form of 奧 (“hanja form of 오 (“deep”)”). ‖ Alternative form of 燠. canonical : 奥: Nôm readings: áo 奥
奧 Shuowen interprets it as a Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːɡs) : semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 𢍏 (), but is not widely accepted. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : àu • Middle-Chinese : 'awH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk¹ ^† southwest corner of a room • ^† depths of a room • ^† secluded; deep and hidden away • ^† profound; esoteric; obscure • Short for 奧林匹克／奥林匹克 (àolínpǐkè, “Olympics”). • Short for 奧地利／奥地利 (Àodìlì, “Austria”). ‖ turbid heart • interior 奧 (eumhun 깊을 오 (gipeul o)) ‖ 奧 (eumhun 따뜻할 옥 (ttatteuthal ok)) hanja form of 오 (“deep”) ‖ (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 燠 (“hanja form of 옥 (“warmth”)”) canonical : 奧: Hán Việt readings: áo 奧: Nôm readings: áo 奧
奩 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâm dowry • bridal trousseau • box for women's cosmetics or garments 奩 (eumhun 화장 상자 렴 (hwajang sangja ryeom), word-initial (South Korea) 화장 상자 염 (hwajang sangja yeom)) canonical : 奩: Hán Việt readings: liêm 奩: Nôm readings: liêm 奩
妍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋeːn) : semantic 女 + phonetic 幵 (OC *kŋeːn). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ngen (literary) bright, colorful and beautiful 妍 • (yeon) · 妍 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn) Hán-Nôm : ngơn 妍
妝 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraŋ) : phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ) + semantic 女 (“female”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Middle-Chinese : tsrjang to put on makeup; to adorn oneself • adornment, makeup and dress • trousseau; dowry • (Wenzhounese) to do; to make 妝 • (jang) · 妝 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang) Hán-Nôm : Trang 妝
妞 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nau⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nau² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄡㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niu (colloquial) girl Hán-Nôm : nữu 妞
妣 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Middle-Chinese : pjijX (literary, honorific) deceased mother [deceased] mother 妣 • (bi) · 妣 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi) Hán-Nôm : tỉ 妣
妤 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 予 (OC *la, *laʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yo Only used in 婕妤 (jiéyú). 妤 • (yeo) · 妤 • (yeo) (hangeul 여, revised yeo, McCune–Reischauer yŏ) 아름답다(=伃): beautiful, pretty, fair; handsome, good-looking Hán-Nôm : dư 妤
妯 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰɯw, *l'ɯwɢ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰɯw, *l'ɯwɢ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : drjuwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau¹ • Middle-Chinese : trhjuw Only used in 妯娌 (zhóuli). ‖ to move; to be agitated; to not be tranquil 妯 • (chuk) · 妯 • (chuk) (hangeul 축, revised chuk, McCune–Reischauer ch'uk) Hán-Nôm : dâu • Hán-Nôm : chục • Hán-Nôm : trục 妯
妳 ; Etymology 1 \ ; Etymology 2 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ní (chiefly Taiwanese Mandarin) you (singular, female) Extended shinjitai form of 嬭 妳
姍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slaːn) : semantic 女 (“female”) + abbreviated phonetic 刪 (OC *sraːn). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slaːn) : semantic 女 (“female”) + abbreviated phonetic 刪 (OC *sraːn). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Middle-Chinese : san ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin¹ Used in 姍姍／姗姗 (shānshān). • (obsolete) to slander • (obsolete) glorious • a surname ‖ Only used in 便姍／便姗. 姍 • (san) · 姍 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san) 姍
姒 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁵ • Middle-Chinese : ziX wife of elder brother • (chiefly historical) a surname 姒 • (sa) · 姒 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa) Hán-Nôm : tự 姒
姘 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phing • Middle-Chinese : pheang • Middle-Chinese : pheng extramarital sex, illicit sexual relations Hán-Nôm : phanh 姘
姣 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau² • Middle-Chinese : kaewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiâu • Middle-Chinese : haew (literary) beautiful ‖ (obsolete or Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien, Leizhou Min, Hainanese, of a woman) lewd; flirtatious beautiful • handsome • pretty 姣 • (gyo) · 姣 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo) lovely, charming • lewdness Hán-Nôm : giảo 姣
姬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klɯ, *lɯ) : semantic 女 (“woman; matrilateral family line; family name”) + phonetic 𦣞 (). \ ; Zhou dynastic surname \ :Instead, he suggests an etymological connection between "the two intermarrying moieties, a ruling clan and its collateral, wife-supplying counterpart": 姬 (OC *(C)ɰə̀ɰ) and 姜 (*(C)ɰàŋ). He also points to other word-pairs, including 似 (MC ziX, “to resemble”) < *-əɰʔ and 像 (MC zjangX, “to imitate, image”) < *-aŋʔ, which display the phonetic correspondences: *-ɰ vs. *-ŋ as well *-ə- vs. *-a- (ibid.) \ ; lady (ancient laudatory title for women) \ 姬本周姓，其女貴於列國之女，所以婦人美號皆稱姬。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]姬本周姓，其女贵于列国之女，所以妇人美号皆称姬。 [Classical Chinese, simp.] \ From: Kangxi zidian \ Jī běn Zhōu xìng, qí nǚ guì yú lièguó zhī nǚ, suǒyǐ fùrén měihào jiē chēng jī. [Pinyin] \ Ji ("姬") was originally the surname of the Zhou; their princesses were more honorable than princesses of other states; therefore women with laudatory appellations are all called Ji ("姬"). \ ; "gay" ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Middle-Chinese : ki ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Middle-Chinese : yi a surname, used by the ruling family of the House of Zhou • (literary) lady (ancient laudatory title for women) • (mythology) name of a river • (literary) beauty • (literary) concubine • (neologism, slang) Synonym of 基 (jī, “gay”), with a feminine connotation; lesbian ‖ ‖ alternative form of 姫 ‖ 姬 • (hui) · 姬 • (hui) (hangeul 희, revised hui, McCune–Reischauer hŭi, Yale huy) woman Hán-Nôm : cơ 姬
娌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯʔ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁵ • Middle-Chinese : liX Only used in 妯娌 (zhóuli). brother's wife Hán-Nôm : lí 娌
娑 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *saːl, *saːlʔ) : phonetic 沙 (OC *sraːl, *sraːls) + semantic 女 (“woman”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so¹ • Middle-Chinese : sa • Middle-Chinese : saX Used in 婆娑 (pósuō) and 娑娑. • Used in transcription. old woman 娑 (eum 사 (sa)) dance, frolic • lounge • saunter Hán-Nôm : sa 娑
娓 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁵ • Middle-Chinese : mj+jX • Middle-Chinese : mijH (archaic) to comply with; to yield to • Used in 娓娓 (wěiwěi, “tireless”). 娓 • (mi) · 娓 • (mi) (hangeul 미, revised mi, McCune–Reischauer mi) Hán-Nôm : vãi 娓
娣 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *diːlʔ, *diːls) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 弟 (OC *diːlʔ, *diːls, “young family member”). \ Same word as 弟 (OC *diːlʔ, *diːls, “younger brother”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dejX • Middle-Chinese : dejH younger of two women married to a man; (in general) concubine of a man • younger sister • wife of husband's younger brother • mother's younger sister • a surname • Used in the given name of a girl to symbolize the hope that she will have a younger brother. younger sister • sister-in-law 娣 • (je) · 娣 • (je) (hangeul 제, revised je, McCune–Reischauer che) younger sister • sister-in-law Hán-Nôm : đệ 娣
娩 ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : min⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bián • Middle-Chinese : mjenX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : min⁵ • Middle-Chinese : mjonX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mjonH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan³ • Middle-Chinese : phjonH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˋ • Middle-Chinese : mjunH to give birth to a child ‖ (literary) beautiful; delicate; fine • (literary) complaisant; agreeable ‖ A surname. • Alternative form of 萬／万 (wàn) ‖ (alt. form 嬎) to reproduce ‖ Used in female personal names. bear (children) 娩 • (man) · 娩 • (man) (hangeul 만) Hán-Nôm : vãn 娩
娼 From 倡 (OC *tʰjaŋ, “performer”). Cognate with 唱 (OC *tʰjaŋs, “to sing”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshang prostitute • (historical) female performer of song and dance prostitution 娼 (eumhun 창녀 창 (changnyeo chang)) hanja form of 창 (“prostitute”) Hán-Nôm : xướng 娼
婀 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o² • Cantonese · Jyutping : o¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Middle-Chinese : 'aX beautiful; graceful • (alt. form 娿) Used in 媕婀 (“indecisive”). charm • flirtation 婀 • (a) · 婀 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a) be beautiful • be graceful Hán-Nôm : a 婀
婁 Originally phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro) : semantic 爪 (“hands”) + phonetic 角 (OC *kroːɡ, *ɡ·roːɡ) + semantic 女 (“woman”). Meaning uncertain. \ Later ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 母 (“mother”) + 中 + 女 (“daughter”). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : luw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Middle-Chinese : lju ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ (Chinese astronomy) the constellation Lóu, one of the twenty-eight lunar mansions • (dialectal, of a body) weak; feeble; frail • (dialectal, of melons) overripe and unfit to eat • a surname ‖ (obsolete) to drag; to trail; to pull ‖ (obsolete) to tether oxen frequently • tie 婁 (eum 루 (ru)) a constellation • to wear Hán-Nôm : lâu • Hán-Nôm : sau • Hán-Nôm : lu • Hán-Nôm : lủ • Hán-Nôm : lũ 婁
婊 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 女 (“female”) + phonetic 表. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piáu (colloquial, derogatory, vulgar) prostitute; whore; bitch • (slang, derogatory) to be badmouthed; to be wrongly accused; to be regarded as a bitch Hán-Nôm : biểu 婊
婷 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deːŋ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 亭 (OC *deːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ting⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîng Used in compounds and personal names. • a surname 婷 (eum 정 (jeong)) Hán-Nôm : đình 婷
媲 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰiːs) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 𣬉 (). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei³ • Middle-Chinese : phejH to marry, to match • to equal • to compare Hán-Nôm : tỉ 媲
媽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maːʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ). \ Colloquial form of 母 (OC *mɯʔ, “mother”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mow (“woman, female”). Cantonese · Jyutping : maa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa² • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : má • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ma • Middle-Chinese : muX mom; mum: an affectionate term for a mother • (usually with qualifier) other older female relatives or house-servants • (religion) "The Mother", an epithet of the Fujianese sea goddess Mazu (媽祖／妈祖). • (obsolete, hapax) mare; female horse mother 媽 • (ma) · 媽 • (ma) (hangeul 마, revised ma, McCune–Reischauer ma) mother • grandmother Hán-Nôm : mụ • Hán-Nôm : má • Hán-Nôm : mã • Hán-Nôm : mợ • Hán-Nôm : ma 媽
媾 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːs) : semantic 女 (“female”) + phonetic 冓 (OC *koː, *koːs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Middle-Chinese : kuwH (originally) to marry in a cousin marriage (to cement the relationship between families); (in general) to marry • to dote on • to make peace; to reach agreement; to negotiate peace • to copulate; to have sexual intercourse sex, coitus • intimacy, relation 媾 (eum 구 (gu)) Hán-Nôm : cấu 媾
嫖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰew, *pʰews) : semantic 女 + phonetic 票 (OC *pʰew). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰew, *pʰews) : semantic 女 + phonetic 票 (OC *pʰew). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu¹ • Middle-Chinese : phjiew • Middle-Chinese : phjiewH to visit prostitutes; to patronise prostitutes ‖ nimble; agile wanton, hedonist 嫖 • (pyo) · 嫖 • (pyo) (hangeul 표, revised pyo, McCune–Reischauer p'yo) Hán-Nôm : phiêu • Hán-Nôm : phếu • Hán-Nôm : phiếu • Hán-Nôm : tẹo • Hán-Nôm : phèo 嫖
嫗 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qos) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔu (“egg; bird”). \ Pronunciation 1 is a departing tone derivation from pronunciation 2, literally "the one who is breeding" (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qos) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔu (“egg; bird”). \ Pronunciation 1 is a departing tone derivation from pronunciation 2, literally "the one who is breeding" (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ì • Middle-Chinese : 'juH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ mother • (old) woman ‖ (of birds) to incubate; to sit on eggs • to warm with one's body • to raise; to nurture • friendly; affable ‖ 嫗(おみな) • (omina) ‖ a grown woman • an old woman 嫗 • (gu) · 嫗 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku) old woman, hag Hán-Nôm : ẩu 嫗
嫘 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ a surname 嫘
嫣 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ian • Middle-Chinese : xjien • Middle-Chinese : 'jen • Middle-Chinese : 'jenX • Middle-Chinese : 'jonH (of appearance) beautiful beautiful • beauty 嫣 (eum 언 (eon)) beautiful, beauty Hán-Nôm : yên beautiful 嫣
嫦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djaŋ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 常 (OC *djaŋ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng⁴ Only used in 嫦娥 (Cháng'é). Used as a proper name 嫦 • (hang) · 嫦 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang) Hán-Nôm : thường 嫦
嫵 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bú • Middle-Chinese : mjuX charming • enchanting 嫵 • (mu) · 嫵 • (mu) (hangeul 무, revised mu, McCune–Reischauer mu, Yale mu) charming • (be) gentle • (be) pretty Hán-Nôm : vũ 嫵
嫻 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hean (literary, or in compounds, of personality, behaviour, etc.) elegant, gentle and quiet • (literary, or in compounds) skilled; skillful; adept; proficient elegant • refined • skillful 嫻 • (han) · 嫻 • (han) (hangeul 한, revised han, McCune–Reischauer han) elegant • refined • skillful Hán-Nôm : nhàn 嫻
嬉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlɯ, *qʰlɯs) : semantic 女 + phonetic 喜 (OC *qʰlɯʔ). Also an ideogramic compound, as the right radical means "joy". ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlɯ, *qʰlɯs) : semantic 女 + phonetic 喜 (OC *qʰlɯʔ). Also an ideogramic compound, as the right radical means "joy". Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi • Middle-Chinese : xi • Middle-Chinese : xiH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei² to enjoy • to play; to amuse oneself ‖ Used in personal names. happy; glad 嬉 (eum 희 (hui)) Hán-Nôm : hi 嬉
嬋 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djan) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siân • Middle-Chinese : dzyen 嬋 (eum 선 (seon)) Hán-Nôm : thiền • Hán-Nôm : thuyền 嬋
嬌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krew, *krewʔ, *ɡrew) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 喬 (OC *krew, *ɡrew) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiau • Middle-Chinese : kjew • Middle-Chinese : gjew • Middle-Chinese : kjewX pampered; spoiled • seductive and loveable • tender; delicate • beautiful woman; beauty; lovely lady • to dote on; to make a pet of seductive 嬌 • (gyo) · 嬌 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo) Hán-Nôm : kiều 嬌
嬝 嬝
嬤 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mo¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁴ Only used in 嬤嬤／嬷嬷 (mómo). 嬤
嬪 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bin) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 賓 (OC *mpin) – a kind of woman, a court lady or maid. 賓 also means “obey, submit”, hence connotations of “an obedient woman, a maid”. \ Endopassive form of 賓 (OC *mpin, “to receive like a guest”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bjin (historical) court lady • (historical) palace maid • (archaic) a posthumous name for wives in Zhou ritual 嬪 (eumhun 아내 빈 (anae bin)) hanja form of 빈 (“court lady”) Hán-Nôm : tần 嬪
嬰 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 賏 (“a string of shells”) + 女 (“woman”). \ Probably related to 縈 (OC *qʷeŋ, “to entwine”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : enn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : inn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing • Middle-Chinese : 'jieng baby; infant • necklace • to put on; to wear • to surround • to entangle; to fetter • to suffer • to offend • to exert • a surname ‖ 嬰(えい) • (ei) ‖ 嬰(えい) • (ei) young child, newborn child • used as western symbol ♯ sharp to mark the accidentals of musical notes • necklace • put around one's neck ‖ newborn baby; infant • surround ‖ (music) sharp (♯) 嬰 • (yeong) · 嬰 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng) canonical : 嬰: Hán Việt readings: anh 嬰
嬴 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Middle-Chinese : yeng (obsolete) to have a surplus; to be full • (obsolete) to bear; to take responsibility • a surname (no longer common since Han dynasty) to win • to have a surplus 嬴 • (yeong) · 嬴 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng) to be full of Hán-Nôm : doanh 嬴
嬸 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljɯmʔ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 審 (OC *hljɯmʔ). \ Monosyllabic fusion of 叔母 (MC syuwk muwX, “father's younger brother + wife”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsím • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sím paternal aunt (wife of father's younger brother) Hán-Nôm : thím 嬸
孀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sraŋ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 霜 (OC *sraŋ). \ Zhang (2000) relates it to 喪 (OC *smaːŋ, “mourning; funeral”), 喪 (OC *smaːŋs, “to lose”) and 霜 (OC *sraŋ, “frost (which causes loss)”). However, Schuessler (2007) considers these three words etymologically unrelated. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : song • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sng • Middle-Chinese : srjang widow widow 孀 (eum 상 (sang)) widow Hán-Nôm : sương 孀
孑 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : git³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiat • Middle-Chinese : kjet alone; lonely • left-over; remaining • Used in 孑孓 (jiéjué). • a surname 孑 (eum 혈 (hyeol)) Hán-Nôm : két 孑
孓 From 子. ‖ From 子. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Middle-Chinese : kjwot • Middle-Chinese : kjut ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gung² • Middle-Chinese : kjowngX missing one's left arm • short • Used in 孑孓 (jiéjué). ‖ Only used in 孑孓 (jiéjué). Hán-Nôm : quyết 孓
孚 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 爪 (“hand”) + 子 (“child”) – to capture a child. The original form of 俘. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 爪 (“hand”) + 子 (“child”) – to capture a child. The original form of 俘. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹ • Middle-Chinese : phju ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹ Original character of 俘 (fú) • Original character of 蜉 (fú) • Alternative form of 孵 (fū) • Alternative form of 稃 (fū) ‖ (literary) to convince; to gain trust • (literary) trust; confidence • (used in oracle bone) Alternative form of 俘 (fú) • Alternative form of 浮 (fú) • Alternative form of 莩 • Alternative form of 付 (fù) sincere; nourish 孚 (eum 부 (bu)) Hán-Nôm : phu • Hán-Nôm : phù 孚
孜 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔslɯ) : phonetic 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ) + semantic 攵 (“action”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Middle-Chinese : tsi Alternative form of 孜孜 (zīzī) 孜 (eum 자 (ja)) Hán-Nôm : tư 孜
学 ‖ 学(がく) • (gaku) ‖ 学(がく) • (-gaku) ‖ 学(さとる) or 学(まなぶ) or 学(まこと) • (Satoru or Manabu or Makoto) education, study, learn • school • science ‖ scholarship; learning; knowledge ‖ -ology; -ics; study of... ‖ a male given name 学 (eumhun 배울 학 (bae'ul hak)) Alternative form of 學 (“hanja form of 학 (“to learn”)”) 学
孱 ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dzrean • Middle-Chinese : dzrjen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : dzreanX (literary) weak; small; frail; feeble • meager; mean; shallow • cautious ‖ Only used in 孱頭／孱头 (càntou, “coward; weakling”). ‖ ‖ 孱 (eum 잔 (jan)) Hán-Nôm : sàn • Hán-Nôm : sờn 孱
孳 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsɯ, *zɯs) : phonetic 兹 (OC *ʔsɯ, *zɯ) + semantic 子 (“child”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Middle-Chinese : tsi • Middle-Chinese : dziH 孳 • (ja) · 孳 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha) Hán-Nôm : tư 孳
孺 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû • Middle-Chinese : nyuH ^† young and small • ^† young child 孺 (eum 유 (yu)) Hán-Nôm : nhọ 孺
孿 From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *run. Cognate with Jingpho marun (“to have twins”) (from run (“to be in pairs”)). (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lyun⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luân • Middle-Chinese : srwaenH • Middle-Chinese : ljwen twins twins 孿 (eum 산 (san)) twins Hán-Nôm : loan twins 孿
宝 Simplified from 寶 (⿱珤貝 → 玉). Officially adopted as the simplified form of 寶 in the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme (《漢字簡化方案》) in 1956. ‖ 宝(たから) • (takara) precious objects • worldly goods • valuable possessions ‖ treasure 宝 • (bo) · 宝 • (bo) (hangeul 보, revised bo, McCune–Reischauer po) jewel Hán-Nôm : bảo • Hán-Nôm : báu • Hán-Nôm : bửu 宝
宥 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iū • Middle-Chinese : hjuwH forgive, pardon, indulge soothe • calm • pacify 宥 (eum 유 (yu)) Hán-Nôm : hựu 宥
寐 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mids) : abbreviated semantic 㝱 (“dream”) + phonetic 未 (OC *mɯds). \ Original form may have been an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“house”) + 爿 (“bed”) + 人 (“person”) – a person sleeping on a bed in a room. Compare ancient forms of 夢. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/s-mwəj (“to sleep; to dream”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan རྨི་བ (rmi ba, “to dream”), Tibetan རྨི་ལམ (rmi lam, “dream”), Burmese မွေ့ (mwe., “to enjoy sleep”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mī • Middle-Chinese : mjijH (literary) to sleep • (archaic, euphemistic) to die • a surname 寐 • (mae) · 寐 • (mae) (hangeul 매, revised mae, McCune–Reischauer mae) Hán-Nôm : mị 寐
寝 ‖ 寝(ね) • (ne) ‖ 寝(ぬ) • (nu) intransitive ^†nidan ‖ 寝(い) • (i) ‖ 寝(しん) • (shin) ‖ 寝(しん) • (shin) ‖ sleep, sleeping ‖ (archaic) to sleep ‖ (obsolete) sleep, sleeping ‖ sleep, sleeping ‖ sleep, sleeping • inner parlor/parlour, living room 寝 • (chim) · 寝 • (chim) (hangeul 침, revised chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'im) 寝
寤 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːs) : abbreviated semantic 㝱 (“dream”) + phonetic 吾 (OC *ŋraː, *ŋaː). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng⁶ • Middle-Chinese : nguH (literary) to wake up; to awake • (alt. form 悟) to become aware; to realize; to awaken 寤 • (o) · 寤 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o) Hán-Nôm : ngộ • Hán-Nôm : ngụ • Hán-Nôm : ngù • Hán-Nôm : ngú 寤
寵 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *r̥ʰoŋʔ) : semantic 宀 + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thíng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thióng • Middle-Chinese : trhjowngX to spoil; to pamper; to favour • respect; honour; glory • favour; love • favourite • concubine • a surname 寵 • (chong, ryong) · 寵 • (chong, ryong) (hangeul 총, 룡, revised chong, ryong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong, ryong, Yale chong, lyong) Hán-Nôm : sủng • Hán-Nôm : sũng • Hán-Nôm : sổng 寵
寿 ‖ 寿(じゅ) • (ju) ‖ 寿(ことぶき) • (kotobuki) ‖ 寿(ことほぎ) • (kotohogi) ‖ 寿(ひさし) • (Hisashi) longevity; long life • congratulations ‖ years of age ‖ congratulations, felicitations • something worthy of congratulations • long life, longevity ‖ congratulations, felicitations • something worthy of congratulations • long life, longevity ‖ a male given name 寿 (eum 수 (su)) Alternative form of 壽 寿
将 ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ 将(しょう) • (shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?) ‖ 将(しょう) • (shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?) ‖ 将(しょう) • (Shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?) ‖ 将(すすむ) • (Susumu) ‖ 将(まさる) • (Masaru) ‖ 将(ひとし) • (Hitoshi) ‖ a commander • a general, admiral, or other high-ranking officer, especially of the Japan Self-Defense Forces • (historical) a rank in the 近衛府 (Konoe-fu, “office of the imperial guard during the Nara period”) ‖ commander, general, leader • military rank • take, hold • from now on, in the future ‖ a female given name ‖ a male given name ‖ a male given name ‖ a male given name 将 (eumhun 장수 장 (jangsu jang)) Alternative form of 將 (장 (jang)) canonical : 将: Hán Việt readings: tướng • canonical : tương 将: Nôm readings: tướng chữ Hán form of tương (“Alternative form of 將”). 将
尷 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːm) : semantic 尢 + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kam Only used in 尷尬／尴尬 (gāngà, “embarrassed; embarrassing”). • (Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism) Short for 尷尬. Hán-Nôm : giám 尷
尹 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ín • Middle-Chinese : ywinX to govern; oversee • director • a surname director (of the ritsuryō-period Imperial Prosecuting and Investigating Office) 尹 (eumhun 성 윤 (seong yun)) a surname Hán-Nôm : doãn • Hán-Nôm : duẫn 尹
尽 exhaust • use up • run out of • deplete • befriend • serve 尽 • (jin) · 尽 • (jin) (hangeul 진) exhaust, use up • deplete 尽
屆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯːds) : semantic 尸 (“body”) + phonetic 凷 (OC *kʰuːds) \ The ACG sense is an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 届(とど)かない (todokanai, “to not reach”), negative form of 届(とど)く (todoku, “to reach”). Cantonese · Jyutping : gaai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kài • Middle-Chinese : keajH ^† to arrive; to reach; to come or go to a particular destination; to be at a location or moment • Classifier for times, terms, graduation classes, periodically convened events, etc. • (ACG slang, of emotions or thoughts) to reach (someone); to get through 屆 • (gye) · 屆 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye) canonical : 屆: Hán Việt readings: giới 屆
届 ‖ 届(とどけ) • (-todoke) ‖ report, notice, registration 届
屍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hli, *hlis) : phonetic 尸 (OC *hli) + semantic 死. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hli, *hlis) : phonetic 尸 (OC *hli) + semantic 死. Cantonese · Jyutping : si¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si • Middle-Chinese : syij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Middle-Chinese : syijH corpse; carcass (Classifier: 具; 條／条 c) ‖ ^‡ ‖ 屍(かばね) • (kabane) ‖ 屍(しかばね) • (shikabane) corpse, cadaver ‖ a corpse, a cadaver ‖ a corpse, a cadaver 屍 • (si) · 屍 • (si) (hangeul 시, revised si, McCune–Reischauer si) Hán-Nôm : thi • Hán-Nôm : thây chữ Hán form of thi (“corpse”). • Nôm form of thây (“corpse”). 屍
屐 Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreɡ) : abbreviated semantic 履 (“shoe”) + phonetic 支 (OC *kje). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kek⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kia̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiā • Middle-Chinese : gjaek (Classical, Cantonese, Hakka or Min) clogs; wooden shoes 屐 • (geuk) · 屐 • (geuk) (hangeul 극, revised geuk, McCune–Reischauer kŭk) Hán-Nôm : kịch 屐
屜 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thè drawer • tray • pad • screen Hán-Nôm : thế 屜
属 Characters in the same phonetic series (蜀) (Zhengzhang, 2003) ‖ 属(ぞく) • (zoku) class, category, type • belong to • genus ‖ (taxonomy) a genus 属
岌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡrɯb) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 及 (OC *ɡrɯb). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kap¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gi̍p • Middle-Chinese : ngip (literary) lofty; towering • Used in 岌岌 (jíjí, “perilous”). • Used in 岦岌. 岌 (eumhun 높을 급 (nopeul geup)) canonical : 岌: Hán Việt readings: ngập 岌: Nôm readings: gập • canonical : ngấp • canonical : ngất • canonical : ngập • canonical : ngờm • canonical : ngợp • canonical : nhấp 岌
岑 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gîm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khîm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsîm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshîm • Middle-Chinese : dzrim (literary) small but tall hill • (obsolete) high • a surname peak, mountaintop • used in names 岑 • (jam, eum) · 岑 • (jam, eum) (hangeul 잠, 음, revised jam, eum, McCune–Reischauer cham, ŭm) Hán-Nôm : sầm • Hán-Nôm : sum • Hán-Nôm : xờm 岑
岫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljɯwɢs) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siū • Middle-Chinese : zjuwH mountain peak • cave; cavern • (Southern Min) nest, den or lair of animals ‖ 岫(くき) • (kuki) ‖ 岫(しゅう) • (shū) cave • summit ‖ (archaic or obsolete) cave • (archaic or obsolete) summit, mountaintop ‖ (rare) cave 岫 • (su) · 岫 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su) 岫
岱 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːɡs) : phonetic 代 (OC *l'ɯːɡs) + semantic 山 (“mountain”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doi⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dojH a nickname for Mount Tai (Daishan), one of the Five Sacred Mountains in China 岱 • (dae) · 岱 • (dae) (hangeul 대, revised dae, McCune–Reischauer tae) Hán-Nôm : đại • Hán-Nôm : đồi • Hán-Nôm : đai 岱
岷 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîn • Middle-Chinese : min (～江) Min River (a river in Sichuan Province, China) • (～山) Min Mountains (a mountain range in Sichuan and Gansu Provinces, China) 岷 (eum 민 (min)) 岷
峙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dɯʔ) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 寺 (OC *ljɯs). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Middle-Chinese : driX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si⁶ to stand erect; to tower • underwater mound ‖ Only used in 繁峙 (Fánshì, “Fanshi”). 峙 (eum 치 (chi)) Hán-Nôm : trĩ • Hán-Nôm : trì 峙
峡 Simplified from 峽 (夾 → 夹). gorge • ravine 峡
峪 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦkloːɡ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 谷 (OC *ɦkroːɡ, *kloːɡ, *ɡ·loːɡ, “valley”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ valley; ravine Hán-Nôm : dụ 峪
峯 peak, summit 峯 (eumhun 봉우리 봉 (bong'uri bong)) hanja form of 봉 (“peak, summit”) Hán-Nôm : phong 峯
峽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreːb) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 夾 (OC *kreːb). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e̍h • Middle-Chinese : heap gorge gorge • strait • ravine • isthmus 峽 • (hyeop) · 峽 • (hyeop) (hangeul 협, revised hyeop, McCune–Reischauer hyŏp) Hán-Nôm : hiệp • Hán-Nôm : hệp • Hán-Nôm : siệp 峽
崆 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Middle-Chinese : khuwng • Middle-Chinese : khaewng Used in place names. • Used in compounds. 崆 (eum 공 (gong)) Hán-Nôm : không 崆
崑 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuːn) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 昆 (OC *kuːn). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwan¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan¹ • Middle-Chinese : kwon Only used in 崑崙／昆仑 (Kūnlún) and related terms. 崑 • (gon) · 崑 • (gon) (hangeul 곤, revised gon, McCune–Reischauer kon) Hán-Nôm : côn • Hán-Nôm : kon 崑
崙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːn) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 侖 (OC *run). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lūn • Middle-Chinese : lwon Used in 崑崙／昆仑 (Kūnlún), etc. 崙 (eum 륜 (ryun)) Hán-Nôm : lôn • Hán-Nôm : son • Hán-Nôm : luân • Hán-Nôm : lon 崙
崢 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zraːŋ, *zreːŋ) : semantic 山 + phonetic 爭 (OC *ʔsreːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Middle-Chinese : dzraeng • Middle-Chinese : dzreang lofty; towering 崢 • (jaeng) · 崢 • (jaeng) (hangeul 쟁, revised jaeng, McCune–Reischauer chaeng) Hán-Nôm : chênh • Hán-Nôm : tranh 崢
嵩 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 山 (“mountain”) + 高 (“tall”). \ Reasoning that 嵩 and 崧 (sōng) are the same word and the latter's phonetic 松 (OC *sɢloŋ) suggests the medial *-l-, Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs Old Chinese pronunciation *suŋ < *sluŋ, proposes that it was from Austroasiatic and compares it to Proto-Mon-Khmer *sluŋ ~ *sluuŋ (“high”). However, note Baxter & Sagart (2014)'s reconstructions 嵩 (OC), 崧 (OC *[s]uŋ), & 松 (OC *sə.ɢoŋ) without medial *-l-. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sung¹ • Middle-Chinese : sjuwng (literary, of a mountain) high; lofty • a surname ‖ 嵩(かさ) • (kasa) pile up, accumulate • bulk, volume ‖ bulk, large quantity • mass, volume 嵩 (eum 숭 (sung)) Hán-Nôm : tung 嵩
嶄 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaam² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaam³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâm ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam⁴ towering; outstanding • very ‖ Only used in 嶄巖／崭岩, alternative form of 巉巖／巉岩 (chányán, “steep; cliff”) 嶄 (eum 참 (cham)) Hán-Nôm : chởm 嶄
嶇 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰo) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khu • Middle-Chinese : khju Only used in 崎嶇／崎岖 (qíqū, “rugged, rough”) and 嶇嶔／岖嵚 (“steep, sheer”). • (Hakka) steep 嶇 (eum 구 (gu)) Hán-Nôm : khu 嶇
嶝 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tɯːŋs) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 登 (OC *tɯːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dang³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìng • Middle-Chinese : tongH (literary) path leading up a mountain 嶝 • (deung) · 嶝 • (deung) (hangeul 등, revised deung, McCune–Reischauer tŭng) 嶝
嶼 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljaʔ) : semantic 山 + phonetic 與 (OC *la, *laʔ, *las). \ This character was affected by misreadings, or Youbian dubian. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : í • Middle-Chinese : zjoX island; islet island 嶼 (eumhun 섬 서 (seom seo)) hanja form of 서 (“island”) Hán-Nôm : dữ • Hán-Nôm : tự 嶼
嶽 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ga̍k • Middle-Chinese : ngaewk tall mountain; highest peak • a surname 嶽 (eum 악 (ak)) Hán-Nôm : nhạc 嶽
巒 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luân • Middle-Chinese : lwan pointed mountain • mountain range; ridge small peak 巒 (eum 만 (man)) Hán-Nôm : loại 巒
巔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːn) : semantic 山 + phonetic 顛 (OC *tiːn, *tʰiːns). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“upper part”). Cognate with 顛 (OC *tiːn, “top of the head”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tian • Middle-Chinese : ten summit of mountain; mountain top; peak • highest; top • (traditional Chinese medicine, anatomy) head 巔 • (jeon) · 巔 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn) 巔
巽 Originally 巺, Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𠨎 (“people kneeling”) + 丌 (“table”) – "food, meal; to prepare/display food". \ Jiajie (假借) - The character was subsequently borrowed for a near-homophone meaning "obedient; modest", and the original meaning came to be represented by 饌 (OC *sɡroːnʔ, *sɡrons), through the addition of a semantic component 飠 (“food; eating”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sùn • Middle-Chinese : swonH ☴ the fifth of the eight trigrams • ䷸ the 57th of the 64 hexagrams • obedient • modest ‖ 巽(たつみ) • (tatsumi) ‖ 巽(たつみ) • (Tatsumi) southeast ‖ (obsolete) southeast ‖ a surname 巽 (eumhun 부드러울 손 (budeureoul son)) Hán-Nôm : tốn • Hán-Nôm : rốn • Hán-Nôm : lún dức 巽
帑 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰaːŋʔ, *naː) : phonetic 奴 (OC *naː) + semantic 巾. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thóng • Middle-Chinese : thangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : nu storehouse of money • national money ‖ Alternative form of 孥 · one's offspring • Alternative form of 孥 · one's wife and offspring 帑 • (tang, no) · 帑 • (tang, no) (hangeul 탕, 노, revised tang, no, McCune–Reischauer t'ang, no) Hán-Nôm : nô 帑
帛 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *braːɡ) : phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ) + semantic 巾 (“cloth”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pe̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pe̍eh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi̍k • Middle-Chinese : baek silks; fabrics • wealth; property silk (archaic) 帛 (eumhun 비단 백 (bidan baek)) silk Hán-Nôm : bạch 帛
幀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rtɯːŋs) : semantic 巾 + phonetic 貞 (OC *teŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing³ ^† picture; scroll • Classifier for pictures. • (computing) frame, fps (frame per second) 幀 • (jeong, taeng) · 幀 • (jeong, taeng) (hangeul 정, 탱, revised jeong, taeng, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, t'aeng) canonical : 幀: Hán Việt readings: tránh 幀: Nôm readings: tranh • canonical : trinh Nôm form of tranh (“a painting”). 幀
幔 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buān • Middle-Chinese : manH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : mua curtain; screen; canopy ‖ coat; cape; cloak; mantle • to drape over one's shoulders; to wrap around • to put one's arm around another's shoulder or neck 幔 (eum 만 (man)) Hán-Nôm : mạn • Hán-Nôm : màn 幔
幗 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwok³ • Middle-Chinese : kwojH • Middle-Chinese : kweak (historical) women's headgear; women's hair ornament Hán-Nôm : quắc • Hán-Nôm : vức 幗
幛 Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 巾 (“cloth”) + phonetic 章 (OC *kjaŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiùnn a type of oblong banner or scroll carrying a message used at weddings, funerals, etc. • to cover Hán-Nôm : trướng 幛
幟 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjɯɡs, *tʰjɯɡs, *hljɯɡs) : semantic 巾 (“cloth”) + phonetic 戠 (OC *tjɯɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshì • Middle-Chinese : syiH • Middle-Chinese : tsyhiH flag; banner • (literary) mark; sign • a surname ‖ 幟(のぼり) • (nobori) ‖ flag, banner 幟 • (chi) · 幟 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i) canonical : 幟: Hán Việt readings: xí 幟: Nôm readings: xí chữ Hán form of xí (“flag, banner”). 幟
幫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paːŋ) : phonetic 封 (OC *poŋ, *poŋs) + semantic 帛 (“silk”) – the upper part of a shoe (鞋幫). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : png • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pong • Middle-Chinese : pang the sides of an object (particularly a shoe) • to help; to assist; to aid • gang; faction; group • (informal, derogatory) Classifier for groups of people. • (dialectal) for • (Shanghainese) and; with • (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 幫 (MC pang) • (Hokkien) Classifier for scheduled forms of transportation, such as flights and trains. • (Hokkien) Classifier for batches of letters, bulk deliveries, etc. • (Mainland China Hokkien) to supplement (on the side) • (Xiamen Hokkien) to participate in or to depend partially or entirely on betting, contests, etc. for profit • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to sublet; to sublease • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to expand; to enlarge; to extend Kyūjitai form of 幇 幫 (eumhun 도울 방 (doul bang)) hanja form of 방 (“help”) Hán-Nôm : bang 幫
庖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bruː) : semantic 广 (“house”) + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâu • Middle-Chinese : baew (literary) kitchen • (literary) chef; cook 庖 (eum 포 (po)) Hán-Nôm : bào 庖
庠 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljaŋ) : semantic 广 + phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng⁴ • Middle-Chinese : zjang (archaic) country school • to teach ‖ school; originally, a school in ancient China ‖ 庠 (eum 상 (sang)) Hán-Nôm : tường 庠
庾 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lú • Middle-Chinese : yuX a surname 庾 (eumhun 곳집 유 (gotjip yu)) · 庾 (eumhun 노작가리 유 (nojakgari yu)) Hán-Nôm : dũ 庾
廁 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰrɯɡs, *sʰrɯɡ) : semantic 广 + phonetic 則 (OC *ʔsɯːɡ). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ts(j)i-t/n (“urine; to urinate”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsheh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiak • Middle-Chinese : tsrhiH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci³ • Middle-Chinese : tsrhiH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zak¹ toilet; lavatory ‖ (literary) to mingle with; to participate in ‖ Used in 廁足／厕足 (cèzú). 廁 (eum 치 (chi)) Hán-Nôm : xí 廁
廂 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sionn • Middle-Chinese : sjang wing; side room; theater box • side • train carriage; compartment • vicinity of a city 廂 • (sang) · 廂 • (sang) (hangeul 상, revised sang, McCune–Reischauer sang) Hán-Nôm : rương • Hán-Nôm : sương • Hán-Nôm : tương 廂
廈 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sraːs, *ɡraːʔ) : semantic 广 + phonetic 夏 (OC *ɡraːʔ, *ɡraːs). \ Related to 嘏 (OC *kraːʔ, “great”) (Wang, 1982). ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hēe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hā • Middle-Chinese : haeX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ēe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hēe mansion; large building • a surname ‖ Only used in 廈門／厦门 (Xiàmén); also used as its short form. 廈 (eum 하 (ha)) Hán-Nôm : hè • Hán-Nôm : hạ 廈
廖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯːw, *rɯːws, *rɯws) : semantic 广 + phonetic 翏 (OC *ɡ·rɯːw, *ɡ·rɯws). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liāu • Middle-Chinese : lew • Middle-Chinese : ljuwH (～國) the Zhou dynasty-era state of Liao • a surname 廖 (eum 료 (ryo)) Hán-Nôm : liêu 廖
廚 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *do) : semantic 广 + phonetic 尌 (OC *djos). ‖ Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 厨(ちゅう) (-chū). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tû • Middle-Chinese : drju ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ kitchen • cook; chef (Classifier: 個／个 c) • Original form of 櫥／橱 (chú, “closet; cupboard”). ‖ (Internet slang, chiefly ACG) someone who is zealously enthusiastic about something • (Internet slang, chiefly ACG) to be zealous about something 廚 • (ju) · 廚 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu) Hán-Nôm : chù • Hán-Nôm : chùa • Hán-Nôm : trù 廚
廝 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *se) : semantic 广 + phonetic 斯 (OC *se). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Middle-Chinese : sje (male) servant; menial • A lightly insulting term used to refer to someone. • mutually; with each other 廝 (eum 시 (si)) Hán-Nôm : tê • Hán-Nôm : tư 廝
廠 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjaŋʔ, *tʰjaŋs) : semantic 广 + phonetic 敞 (OC *tʰjaŋʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiúnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiáunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiáng • Middle-Chinese : tsyhangX • Middle-Chinese : tsyhangH ^† shack (without wall) • ^† (animal) shed • factory; workshop; mill; (industrial) plant • depot; yard ‖ 廠(しょう) • (shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?) ‖ depot 廠 (eum 창 (chang)) Hán-Nôm : xưởng 廠
廬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ra) : semantic 广 + phonetic 盧 (OC *b·raː). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : ljo rudimentary lodgings; hut; shack; simple countryside house • (archaic) inn; guesthouse; lodging (for officials) • (historical) hut near a tomb used for morning • (～山) Mount Lu in Jiangxi province • a surname ‖ 廬(いお) • (io) ^(←いほ (ifo)?) ‖ 廬(いおり) • (iori) ^(←いほり (ifori)?) ‖ a temporary hut • a temporary lodging ‖ a temporary hut • a temporary lodging • a small hut for hermits and priests; a hermitage 廬 (eum 려 (ryeo)) Hán-Nôm : lư 廬
廿 The pronunciation in most dialects is a contraction of 二十 (èrshí). The irregular pronunciation (e.g. /nVm/) dates back to the Song dynasty, to avoid homophony with a vulgar word; see 入 (rù) (now commonly written as 日 (rì) in dialects). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jaa⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : je⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nim⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍p • Middle-Chinese : nyip twenty ‖ 廿(にじゅう) • (nijū) ^(←にじふ (nizifu)?) ‖ 廿(にじゅう) • (nijū) ^(←にじふ (nizifu)?) ‖ 廿(はたち) • (hatachi) ‖ 廿(はたち) • (Hatachi) (dated) twenty ‖ (dated) Alternative spelling of 二十 (nijū): twenty, 20 ‖ (archaic) Alternative spelling of 二十 (nijū): a twenty-year-old ‖ (archaic) Alternative spelling of 二十歳 (hatachi): a twenty-year-old ‖ a surname 廿 (eumhun 스물 입 (seumul ip)) · 廿 (eumhun 이십 입 (isip ip)) twenty; twentieth Hán-Nôm : niệm • Hán-Nôm : trấp • Hán-Nôm : trập • Hán-Nôm : nhập • Hán-Nôm : chấp 廿
弈 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Middle-Chinese : yek (literary) Go (board game) • to play Go • Alternative form of 奕 (yì) Chinese chess 弈 (eum 혁 (hyeok)) Chinese chess Hán-Nôm : dịch 弈
弥 ‖ 弥(わたる) • (Wataru) ‖ 弥(み) • (mi) go across; span; cover • widely, extensively; far and wide • increasingly; more and more • for a long time; forever ‖ a male given name ‖ Used in transliterations. 弥 (eum 미 (mi)) 弥
弩 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *naːʔ) : phonetic 奴 (OC *naː) + semantic 弓 (“bow”). \ Compare Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-na (“crossbow”), whence Drung tana, Naxi daqna. \ Unger (1990) suggests a derivation from 努 (OC *naːʔ, “to tense; to exert”), as the crossbow shoots arrows by releasing elastic potential energy stored in its limbs. Ferlus (1999) cites Gernet's opinion that 砮 (OC *naː, *naːʔ, “stone arrow-tip”) had been semantically extended to mean the whole crossbow. \ More likely, 弩 (OC *naːʔ) and Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-na were Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman renditions of a Mainland Southeast Asian Wanderwort (Ratliff, 2010), possibly of Austroasiatic origin (Norman and Mei, 1976; Benedict, 1990; Schuessler, 2007). Compare other MSEA lexical items meaning "crossbow": \ * Proto-Mon-Khmer *snaʔ, whence Vietnamese ná, Khmer ស្នា (snaa); \ * Proto-Hmong-Mien *nhaᴮ, whence White Hmong hneev, Iu Mien hnaav; \ * Proto-Tai *ʰnwɯəꟲ, whence Thai หน้าไม้ (nâa-máai), Lao ໜ້າໄມ້ (nā mai), Lü ᦐᦱᧉᦺᦙᧉ (ṅaa²may²). \ Also compare Proto-Austronesian *panaq (“to shoot (an arrow)”) (cf. Proto-Mon-Khmer *paɲʔ) whence Malay panah, Tagalog panà, Hawaiian pana. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǒo • Middle-Chinese : nuX crossbow ‖ crossbow • one of abbreviations for loanwords whose transcription begin with the syllable ド (Do). Especially, dreadnought. ‖ 弩 • (no) · 弩 • (no) (hangeul 노, revised no, McCune–Reischauer no, Yale no) Hán-Nôm : nỏ • Hán-Nôm : nỗ • Hán-Nôm : ná • Hán-Nôm : nõ 弩
弭 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bí • Middle-Chinese : mjieX (literary) to stop; to put an end to; to remove • (archaic) bow decorated with bone or ivory at the ends • (archaic) curved ends of a bow • (archaic) to reassure; to assuage; to calm • (archaic) to forget • Used in place names. • a surname stop, quit • nock, notch 弭 (eum 미 (mi)) Hán-Nôm : nhẹ • Hán-Nôm : nhĩ • Hán-Nôm : nhị 弭
弼 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi̍t • Middle-Chinese : bit (literary) to aid; to assist; to help • assistant • tool for rectifying crossbow • to go against; to run counter to to assist • assistant 弼 • (pil) · 弼 • (pil) (hangeul 필, revised pil, McCune–Reischauer p'il, Yale phil) Hán-Nôm : bặt • Hán-Nôm : bậc • Hán-Nôm : bật • Hán-Nôm : bằn 弼
彆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *peds, *peːd) : phonetic 敝 (OC *beds, *bed) + semantic 弓 (“bow”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bit³ • Middle-Chinese : pjiejH ends of bow • to make somebody change their opinion; to dissuade • to hold back 彆 (eumhun 활 뒤틀릴 별 (hwal dwiteullil byeol)) hanja form of 별 (“warped bow”) 彆
彌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mnel) : semantic 弓 + phonetic 爾 (OC *njelʔ). ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ní • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nî • Middle-Chinese : mjie ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bí • Middle-Chinese : mjie ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊ to relax a bow • to fill; to cover • full; overflowing; extensive • long; distant • more • to mend; to repair • a surname ‖ Used in transcription. ‖ Alternative form of 弭 (mǐ, “to stop; to put down”) ‖ Alternative form of 婗 (ní) Kyūjitai form of 弥. 彌 (eumhun 미륵 미 (mireuk mi)) · 彌 (eumhun 두루 미 (duru mi)) canonical : 彌: Hán Việt readings: di 彌: Nôm readings: di 彌
彎 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qroːn) : semantic 弓 (“bow”) + phonetic 䜌 (OC *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons). \ May be cognate with 迂 (OC *qʷa, *qʷaʔ, *ɢʷa). \ ; “homosexual” Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uainn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uan • Middle-Chinese : 'waen to bend; to make bent • (Penang Hokkien) to turn; to make a turn; to change direction • to draw a bow • bent; curved; crooked; arched • (neologism, slang) gay; homosexual • bend; turn; curve; crook • (Chinese calligraphy) a bend (such as in ㇉, ㇌, ㇟, or ㇠) • (灣／湾 (wān)) · a bend in a river • (灣／湾 (wān)) · a bend in the coastline; bay, gulf • Classifier for bent objects, such as a quarter moon. ‖ 彎(わん) • (wan) bend, curve • stretching a bow ‖ a bend, a curve 彎 (eum 만 (man)) Hán-Nôm : loan • Hán-Nôm : thoăn 彎
当 ‖ 当(とう) • (tō-) hit • target; objective; goal • right; correct; appropriate • the aforementioned ...; the ... in question ‖ this (business or place) 当 • (dang) · 当 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang) Hán-Nôm : đáng • Hán-Nôm : đương 当
彗 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 甡 (“broom”) + 又 (“hand”) – to hold a broom which is made of bamboo. \ Sagart (2021) modifies Baxter and Sagart's (2014) reconstruction to *sə-m-pʰˤut-s, deriving it from a root *pʰˤut (“dust”), with the iambic form of the prefix *s-, which derives circumstantial nouns, and the prefix *m-, which derives verbs of volitional action from nouns, and relates it to 勃 (OC *bɯːd) and 孛 (OC *bɯːds, *bɯːd). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huī • Middle-Chinese : zwijH • Middle-Chinese : zjwejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : hjwejH (literary) broom • comet • to sweep; to brush ‖ Alternative form of 熭 (wèi) comet • broom • to sweep 彗 (eumhun 살별 혜 (salbyeol hye)) hanja form of 혜 (“comet”) Hán-Nôm : tuệ 彗
彥 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋrans) : phonetic 厂 (OC *hŋaːnʔ, *hŋaːns) + semantic 彣 (“variegated; literary talent”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giān • Middle-Chinese : ngjenH elegant; handsome • learned; accomplished 彥 • (eon) · 彥 • (eon) (hangeul 언, revised eon, McCune–Reischauer ŏn, Yale en) Hán-Nôm : ngạn 彥
彷 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baːŋ, *pʰaŋʔ) : semantic 彳 + phonetic 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng • Middle-Chinese : phjangX Used in 彷徉 (pángyáng). • Used in 彷徨 (pánghuáng). ‖ Alternative form of 仿 • Used in 彷彿／仿佛 (fǎngfú). 彷 (eum 방 (bang)) Hán-Nôm : phảng 彷
彿 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hut • Middle-Chinese : phjut Only used in 彷彿／仿佛 (fǎngfú). 彿 • (bul) · 彿 • (bul) (hangeul 불, revised bul, McCune–Reischauer pul, Yale pul) Hán-Nôm : phớt 彿
径 Simplified from 徑 (巠 → 𢀖) based on the table of 54 simplified radical components listed in the 1956 Chinese Character Simplification Scheme by the People's Republic of China. ‖ Simplified from 逕 which is listed as a variant traditional form of 徑／径 (jìng) in the 1956 first round revision table of variant Chinese characters (第一批异体字整理表) by the People's Republic of China. \ As a variant form, 逕／迳 (jìng) is to be replaced by 徑／径 (jìng) as its orthodox form, which is succeeded by 径 as the simplified form of 徑／径 (jìng). ‖ Unorthodox variant simplified from 徑 (巠 → 圣) found in a moveable type copy of the classical Chinese novel Jin Ping Mei 《金瓶梅 (Jīnpíngméi)》. \ First attested in 《宋元以來俗字譜》, a variant forms dictionary compiled in 1930 that records unorthodox forms (俗字 (súzì)) that have existed since the Song dynasty. \ Another similar character, which has (⿱ス土) as its right component can also be found in 《太平樂府》. ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ path • diameter • method 径 • (gyeong) · 径 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng) Hán-Nôm : kính 径
徇 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɢʷins) : semantic 彳 + phonetic 旬 (OC *sɢʷin). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn • Middle-Chinese : zwinH to submit; to comply 徇 • (sun) · 徇 • (sun) (hangeul 순, revised sun, McCune–Reischauer sun, Yale swun) Hán-Nôm : toang • Hán-Nôm : toạng • Hán-Nôm : tuân • Hán-Nôm : tuẫn 徇
徨 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwang Used in 彷徨 (pánghuáng). • Used in 徨徨. wander 徨 (eum 황 (hwang)) Hán-Nôm : hoàng 徨
徬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baːŋs) : semantic 彳 + phonetic 旁 (OC *baːŋ). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Middle-Chinese : bangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ (archaic) to walk alongside; to accompany ‖ Used in 徬徨. wander about • walk along side of 徬 (eum 방 (bang)) to wander about • walk along side of • to be next to Hán-Nôm : bàng 徬
忖 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun² • Middle-Chinese : tshwonX to ponder; to speculate • (chiefly Zhejiang Wu) to think • (chiefly Zhejiang Wu) to want • (chiefly Zhejiang Wu) to look forward to; to plan for • (chiefly Zhejiang Wu) to miss 忖 (eumhun 헤아릴 촌 (hearil chon)) Hán-Nôm : thổn 忖
忝 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰiːmʔ, *l̥ʰiːms) : phonetic 天 (OC *qʰl'iːn) + semantic 心 (“heart”) ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tim² • Cantonese · Jyutping : tim⁵ • Middle-Chinese : themX • Middle-Chinese : themH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiám (literary) to shame • (literary, self-deprecatory) ashamedly; with disgrace ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 悿 (“tired; serious”) 忝 • (cheom) · 忝 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem) Hán-Nôm : thỏm • Hán-Nôm : thiểm 忝
怏 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng² • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng³ • Middle-Chinese : 'jangX • Middle-Chinese : 'jangH discontented; dissatisfied; disgruntled 怏 • (ang) · 怏 • (ang) (hangeul 앙, revised ang, McCune–Reischauer ang, Yale ang) Hán-Nôm : ửng • Hán-Nôm : ương • Hán-Nôm : ưởng 怏
怵 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰud) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 朮 (OC *l'ud, *ɦljud). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰud) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 朮 (OC *l'ud, *ɦljud). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeot¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceot¹ • Middle-Chinese : trhwit ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seot¹ to fear; to be afraid • sad; sorrowful ‖ (alt. form 訹／𰵓) to entice; to seduce; to lure Hán-Nôm : truột 怵
恆 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯːŋ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 亙 (OC *kɯːŋs, “partial moon”). \ May have originally been written 亙. \ In Small Seal Script, the 月 in 亙 was written 舟. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯːŋ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 亙 (OC *kɯːŋs, “partial moon”). \ May have originally been written 亙. \ In Small Seal Script, the 月 in 亙 was written 舟. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hn̂g • Middle-Chinese : hong ^† (of the moon) to wax • ^† to extend everywhere ‖ lasting; constant • ordinary • perseverance • (literary) often; frequently • 32nd hexagram of the I Ching; “endurance” (䷟) always, constant 恆 • (hang) · 恆 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang, Yale hang) Hán-Nôm : hằng 恆
恋 ‖ 恋(こい) • (koi) ^(←こひ (kofi)?) ‖ 恋(こい) • (Koi) ^(←こひ (kofi)?) attach • love ‖ love, especially romantic love • longing, yearning ‖ a female given name 恋 • (ryeon>yeon) · 恋 • (ryeon>yeon) (hangeul 련>연, revised ryeon>yeon, McCune–Reischauer ryŏn>yŏn, Yale lyen>yen) 恋
恙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋs) : phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ) + semantic 心. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iōng • Middle-Chinese : yangH worry • disaster; calamity • illness; ailment • (～蟲) chigger ‖ 恙(つつが) • (tsutsuga) disaster; calamity ‖ disaster; calamity 恙 (eum 양 (yang)) Hán-Nôm : dạng 恙
恪 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰlaːɡ) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kok³ • Middle-Chinese : khak ^† respectful; scrupulous • ^† solemn; serious • a surname 恪 (eum 각 (gak)) Hán-Nôm : khác 恪
恫 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dung⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tung¹ • Middle-Chinese : thuwng • Middle-Chinese : duwngH feel pain • threaten • groan 恫 • (tong) · 恫 • (tong) (hangeul 통, revised tong, McCune–Reischauer t'ong, Yale thong) Hán-Nôm : động • Hán-Nôm : thông 恫
恿 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loŋʔ) : phonetic 甬 (OC *loŋʔ) + semantic 心 (“heart”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǐng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīng • Middle-Chinese : yowngX Used in 慫恿／怂恿 (sǒngyǒng, “to instigate; to incite”). • Alternative form of 勇 (yǒng, “brave; courage; bravery”) 恿 • (yong) · 恿 • (yong) (hangeul 용, revised yong, McCune–Reischauer yong, Yale yong) Hán-Nôm : dũng 恿
悅 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lod, *lod) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds). \ Often written as 說 in pre-Qin texts. \ STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”). Cognate with 愉 (OC *lo, “happy; pleased”), 說 (OC *hljods, “to speak; to explain”), 脫 (OC *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd, “to take off (clothes); to escape”), 偷 (OC *l̥ʰoː, “to steal”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyut⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua̍t • Middle-Chinese : ywet pleased; contented; gratified • to be pleasing to • to like; to love 悅 (eum 열 (yeol)) Hán-Nôm : duyệt 悅
悌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *diːlʔ, *diːls) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 弟 (OC *diːlʔ, *diːls). Often written as 弟 in Pre-Qin classics. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tē • Middle-Chinese : dejX • Middle-Chinese : dejH to love and respect one's elder brothers • (chiefly in compounds, of the mind) peaceful; at ease 悌 (eum 제 (je)) Hán-Nôm : đễ 悌
悚 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sung² • Middle-Chinese : sjowngX to fear; to be terrified 悚 (eum 송 (song)) Hán-Nôm : tủng 悚
悵 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Middle-Chinese : trhjangH disappointed; dissatisfied 悵 (eum 창 (chang)) Hán-Nôm : trướng 悵
悶 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯːns) : phonetic 門 (OC *mɯːn) + semantic 心 \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-mun (“dark”) (STEDT). Cognate with 昏 (OC *hmɯːn, “dusk; dark”), Tibetan མུན་པ (mun pa, “darkness”), Burmese မှုန် (hmun, “dim; gloomy”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : būn • Middle-Chinese : mwonH gloomy; depressed; melancholy • bored • stuffy ‖ 悶(もん) • (mon) ‖ agony 悶 (eumhun 답답할 민 (dapdaphal min)) hanja form of 민 (“agony”) canonical : 悶: Hán Việt readings: muộn • canonical : môn 悶: Nôm readings: muốn • canonical : mụn chữ Hán form of muộn (“sad, sorrowful”). • Nôm form of muốn (“to want, to desire”). 悶
悸 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷids) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 季 (OC *kʷids). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : gjwijH 悸 • (gye) · 悸 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye, Yale kyey) 悸
悻 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang⁵ (literary) angry; resentful 悻 (eum 행 (haeng)) Hán-Nôm : hãnh 悻
悽 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cai¹ • Middle-Chinese : tshej (alt. form 淒／凄) miserable; sorrowful; sad 悽 (eum 처 (cheo)) Hán-Nôm : thê 悽
惆 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : trhjuw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡ • Middle-Chinese : khjuw disappointed; sad; grieved ‖ ^‡ Alternative form of 恘 (qiū, “perverse”) 惆 (eum 추 (chu)) Hán-Nôm : trù 惆
惘 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maŋʔ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 罔 (OC *mlaŋʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mong⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bòng • Middle-Chinese : mjangX disappointed; disconcerted; dejected; discouraged 惘 (eum 망 (mang)) Hán-Nôm : võng 惘
惚 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmɯːd) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 忽 (OC *hmɯːd). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hut • Middle-Chinese : xwot absent-minded; confused fall in love with • admire • grow senile 惚 (eum 홀 (hol)) Hán-Nôm : hốt • Hán-Nôm : ghen 惚
惧 dread 惧
惨 wretched 惨 • (cham, chim) · 惨 • (cham, chim) (hangeul 참, 침, revised cham, chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, ch'im, Yale cham, chim) Hán-Nôm : thảm • Hán-Nôm : thom 惨
惴 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun² • Middle-Chinese : tsyweH 惴 (eum 췌 (chwe)) Hán-Nôm : nhoai 惴
惺 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing² • Middle-Chinese : seng • Middle-Chinese : sjengX (literary) intelligent; clever; astute • (literary) to come to understand; to come to realize 惺 • (seong, hwang) · 惺 • (seong, hwang) (hangeul 성, 황, revised seong, hwang, McCune–Reischauer sŏng, hwang, Yale seng, hwang) Hán-Nôm : tênh • Hán-Nôm : tinh 惺
惻 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshik • Middle-Chinese : tsrhik sad; sorrowful; grieved • to be sympathetic; to be empathetic • (literary) sincere; earnest 惻 (eum 측 (cheuk)) Hán-Nôm : trắc 惻
愀 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁵ • Middle-Chinese : tshjewX • Middle-Chinese : dzjuwX to look solemn or sad 愀 (eum 초 (cho)) Hán-Nôm : xỉu 愀
愎 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi̍k • Middle-Chinese : bik obstinate; stubborn; headstrong 愎 (eumhun 강퍅할 퍅 (gangpyakhal pyak)) hanja form of 퍅 (“obstinate; stubborn; headstrong”) Hán-Nôm : phục • Hán-Nôm : phức 愎
愜 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰeːb) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 匧 (OC *kʰeːb). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiap • Middle-Chinese : khep be satisfied • be comfortable 愜 (eum 협 (hyeop)) be satisfied • be comfortable Hán-Nôm : khép • Hán-Nôm : khiếp • Hán-Nôm : thiếp 愜
愴 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰraŋʔ, *sʰraŋs) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰraŋʔ, *sʰraŋs) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong³ • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong² • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjangX (literary) sad; sorrowful • Alternative form of 滄／沧 (cāng, “cold”) ‖ Only used in 愴怳／怆怳 (chuǎnghuǎng). sad, pathetic 愴 (eum 창 (chang)) Hán-Nôm : sảng • Hán-Nôm : thương 愴
愾 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : koi³ • Middle-Chinese : khojH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei³ • Middle-Chinese : xj+jH (literary) to hate; to resent; to be angry ‖ ^† to sigh 愾 • (gae, hui) · 愾 • (gae, hui) (hangeul 개, 희, revised gae, hui, McCune–Reischauer kae, hŭi, Yale kay, huy) Hán-Nôm : khái 愾
慇 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯn) : phonetic 殷 (OC *qrɯːn, *qɯn) + semantic 心 (“heart”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'j+n careful, anxious, attentive • Alternative form of 殷 (“courteous; intimate”) ‖ 慇(いん) • (in) ‖ Only used in 慇懃 (ingin, “courteous; intimate”) 慇 (eum 은 (eun)) Hán-Nôm : ân 慇
慚 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zaːm) : phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 心 (“heart”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshân • Middle-Chinese : dzam ashamed; embarrassed 慚 • (cham) · 慚 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham) Hán-Nôm : tàm • Hán-Nôm : tuồm • Hán-Nôm : tam • Hán-Nôm : tom • Hán-Nôm : tùm 慚
慝 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nik¹ • Middle-Chinese : thok vice, evil, malevolence • Alternative form of 忒 慝 (eum 특 (teuk)) Hán-Nôm : nấc • Hán-Nôm : nức • Hán-Nôm : thắc 慝
慟 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dung⁶ • Middle-Chinese : duwngH lament, grieve 慟 (eum 통 (tong)) Hán-Nôm : đỏng 慟
慫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloŋʔ) : phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs) + semantic 心 (“heart”). \ Probably related to 兇／凶 (xiōng, “fear”) (Schuessler, 2007, p. 480). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloŋʔ) : phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs) + semantic 心 (“heart”). \ Probably related to 兇／凶 (xiōng, “fear”) (Schuessler, 2007, p. 480). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sung² • Middle-Chinese : sjowngX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˊ (obsolete) to be afraid; to be frightened; to be alarmed • Used in 慫恿／怂恿 (sǒngyǒng, “to instigate; to incite; to provoke”). ‖ Alternative form of 㞞／𪨊 (sóng) 慫 • (jong) · 慫 • (jong) (hangeul 종, revised jong, McCune–Reischauer chong, Yale cong) Hán-Nôm : túng 慫
慼 Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsheh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshereh (Mainland China Hokkien) to sob; to cry softly • (Taiwanese and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to loathe; to hate; to dislike; to be disgusted with • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to resolve to repent and mend one's ways • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) sorrowful; mournful 慼 • (cheok) · 慼 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek) Hán-Nôm : thích 慼
憊 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pāi • Middle-Chinese : beajH tired; weary; fatigued 憊 (eum 비 (bi)) Hán-Nôm : bị 憊
憑 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯŋ) : phonetic 馮 (OC *brɯŋ, *bɯŋ) + semantic 心. ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîng • Middle-Chinese : bing ‖ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : peng¹ to lean on; to lean against • to depend on; to rely on • (colloquial) no matter • on the basis of; according to; by • proof; evidence • (literary) to request • Alternative form of 馮／冯 (“to wade across a river”) ‖ (Cantonese, Hakka) to lean against ‖ back (of a chair); backrest to lean on • to depend on • (of a spirit) to possess 憑 (eumhun 기댈 빙 (gidael bing)) hanja form of 빙 (“lean”) Hán-Nôm : bằng equal, even 憑
憚 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːns) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dar ~ d(u/i)r (“to shiver, to tremble”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuānn • Middle-Chinese : danH (literary) to fear 憚 • (tan) · 憚 • (tan) (hangeul 탄) Hán-Nôm : dạn • Hán-Nôm : đạn • Hán-Nôm : đặn 憚
懍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *b·rɯmʔ) : phonetic 稟 (OC *prɯmʔ) + semantic 忄 (“heart, emotions”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lam⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lún • Middle-Chinese : limX Hán-Nôm : lầm • Hán-Nôm : lẫm 懍
懣 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mwonX • Middle-Chinese : manX • Middle-Chinese : mwonH worry • agony • anger 懣 (eum 문 (mun)) be sick at heart • sorrowful, sad Hán-Nôm : muộn 懣
懵 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯːŋs, *mɯːŋʔ) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 瞢 (OC *mɯːŋ, *mɯŋ, *mɯŋs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : báng • Middle-Chinese : muwngX absent-minded; stupid; muddle-headed Hán-Nôm : mộng • Hán-Nôm : mẫng • Hán-Nôm : mỗng 懵
懶 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːnʔ) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 賴 (OC *raːds). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuā • Middle-Chinese : lanX lazy; indolent; slothful • sluggish; drowsy • (often with 得) too lazy to do something; not feeling like doing something languid • be lazy • be negligent 懶 (eum 라 (ra), word-initial (South Korea) 나 (na)) · 懶 (eum 란 (ran), word-initial (South Korea) 난 (nan)) Hán-Nôm : lại • Hán-Nôm : lãn • Hán-Nôm : lớn • Hán-Nôm : lười 懶
懺 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰraːms) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 韱 (OC *sem). \ Clipping of 懺摩 (MC tsrhaemH ma, “repentance”), from Sanskrit क्षमा (kṣamā, “patience; forbearance; indulgence”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshàm • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaemH to repent • to confess on account of repentance 懺 • (cham) · 懺 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham) canonical : 懺: Hán Việt readings: sám 懺: Nôm readings: sám • canonical : sắm • canonical : rám chữ Hán form of sám (“repent”). 懺
懿 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ì • Middle-Chinese : 'ijH (literary) virtuous; admirable; esteemed (literary) beautiful; splendid 懿 • (ui) · 懿 • (ui) (hangeul 의, revised ui, McCune–Reischauer ŭi, Yale uy) canonical : 懿: Hán Việt readings: ý chữ Hán form of ý (“good, fine, virtuous”). 懿
戍 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 人 (“man”) + 戈 (“spear”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sù • Middle-Chinese : syuH to defend the frontier; (in general) to defend; to garrison • (literary) soldier that defends the border • (literary) barracks housing a garrison; garrison sword 戍 • (su) · 戍 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu) canonical : 戍: Hán Việt readings: thú 戍: Nôm readings: thú chữ Hán form of thú (“border defense, border garrison”). 戍
戕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːl, *ʔsaːŋ, *zaŋ) : phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ) + semantic 戈 (“dagger-axe”) ‖ ‖ More likely, this is a misplaced pronunciation. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiâng • Middle-Chinese : ka • Middle-Chinese : dzjang • Middle-Chinese : tsang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤ • Middle-Chinese : ka • Middle-Chinese : dzjang • Middle-Chinese : tsang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Middle-Chinese : ka • Middle-Chinese : dzjang • Middle-Chinese : tsang to kill • to harm • to destroy • (historical) an ancient axe ‖ Only used in 戕牁. ‖ Alternative form of 牁 (kē) kill • slay • wound • injure • hurt 戕 (eumhun 죽일 장 (jugil jang)) kill • slay • wound • injure • hurt Hán-Nôm : tường 戕
戛 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𦣻 (“head”) + 戈 (“halberd”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaat³ • Middle-Chinese : keat lance • tap or strike lightly Hán-Nôm : giát 戛
戟 Reduced form of 𢧢: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 倝 (“branch, reduction of 榦”) + 戈 (“weapon on pole”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kik • Middle-Chinese : kjaek halberd with both a crescent blade and spear tip used in ancient China • to stimulate; to provoke ‖ 戟(げき) • (geki) type of weapon (halberd or spear) ‖ Ji (halberd used in ancient China) 戟 (eum 극 (geuk)) hanja form of 극 (“Ji, halberd used in ancient China”) Hán-Nôm : kích chữ Hán form of kích (“Ji, halberd used in ancient China”). 戟
戡 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰluːm, *ʔl'umʔ) : phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums) + semantic 戈 (“dagger-axe”) ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kham • Middle-Chinese : khom ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˇ • Middle-Chinese : trimX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zam³ to subjugate; to subdue; to quell ‖ ^‡ ‖ Alternative form of 揕 (zhèn) victory 戡 • (gam) · 戡 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam) subjugate • subdue, quell • kill Hán-Nôm : kham 戡
戢 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cap¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tship • Middle-Chinese : tsrip (literary, archaic) to store up (weapons) • (literary, archaic) to draw back; to fold back • (literary, archaic) to stop; to put an end to to put away • to cease • store up 戢 (eum 집 (jip)) to put away • to cease • store up Hán-Nôm : tập 戢
戮 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯwɢ) : phonetic 翏 (OC *ɡ·rɯːw, *ɡ·rɯws) + semantic 戈 (“dagger axe”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan, perhaps related to 劉 (OC *m·ru, “slaughter”). Compare also Mru ruk (“shame”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : luk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ljuwk ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : lak to kill; to massacre • to humiliate; to disgrace • to behead a corpse (as posthumous punishment) • to join forces; to cooperate ‖ (Hokkien) to use a tool to pierce an object kill 戮 • (ryuk>yuk) · 戮 • (ryuk>yuk) (hangeul 륙>육, revised ryuk>yuk, McCune–Reischauer ryuk>yuk, Yale lyuk>yuk) Hán-Nôm : lục • Hán-Nôm : lóc • Hán-Nôm : dốc • Hán-Nôm : nhốc • Hán-Nôm : nhộc 戮
戶 Pictogram (象形) : one-half of 門 (“gate”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-k(w)a-j (“mouth; opening; spread; door; face; jaw”). Cognate with Tibetan སྒོ (sgo, “door”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǒo • Middle-Chinese : huX ^† door • ^⁜ family; household • Classifier for households. • (only in compounds) bank account • a surname door 戶 (eumhun 지게문 호 (jigemun ho)) house • hole Hán-Nôm : hộ chữ Hán form of hộ (“household; door”). 戶
户 户
戾 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lit⁶ • Middle-Chinese : lejH • Middle-Chinese : let perverse, recalcitrant, rebellious • 6th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "contrariety" (𝌋) ‖ Kyūjitai spelling of 戻 ‖ 戾 • (ryeo>yeo, ryeol>yeol) · 戾 • (ryeo>yeo, ryeol>yeol) (hangeul 려>여, 렬>열, revised ryeo>yeo, ryeol>yeol, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, ryŏl>yŏl, Yale lye>ye, lyel>yel) Hán-Nôm : lệ 戾
扈 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaːʔ) : phonetic 戸 () + semantic 邑 (“area”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǒo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōo • Middle-Chinese : huX (literary) escort; retinue • (literary) to restrain; to prevent 扈 (eum 호 (ho)) Hán-Nôm : hộ 扈
抉 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuat • Middle-Chinese : kwet • Middle-Chinese : 'wet (literary) to gouge; to dig out; to pick out • (literary) to pick out; to select out • (literary) to pierce; to puncture; to butcher • (literary) to reveal; to expose • (Hokkien) to slap; to hit with one's palm • (Hokkien) to plaster; to paint; to daub (on a wall, etc.) • (Mainland China Hokkien) to apply on one's face, hands, etc. (of powder, oil, etc.) • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to sweep across to knock over • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to surpass; to be better than; to overtake gouge • hollow out • bore • pry 抉 • (gyeol) · 抉 • (gyeol) (hangeul 결, revised gyeol, McCune–Reischauer kyŏl, Yale kyel) choose, select • gouge, pluck out Hán-Nôm : khoét • Hán-Nôm : quyết • Hán-Nôm : quét • Hán-Nôm : quẹt • Hán-Nôm : quạt 抉
抨 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰreːŋ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 平 (OC *ben, *beŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰreːŋ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 平 (OC *ben, *beŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîng • Middle-Chinese : pheang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥ to shoot with a catapult • to pat; to beat • to censure; to attack; to impeach • (Hakka) to slap with the palm of the hand ‖ to make (someone do something); to let censure, impeach 抨 (eum 평 (pyeong)) Hán-Nôm : banh 抨
抿 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bín to smooth; to brush • to purse; to pucker • to sip • (Hokkien) brush (tool) • (Hokkien) to brush Hán-Nôm : mân 抿
担 to carry, to bear, to shoulder • raise 担 • (dan) · 担 • (dan) (hangeul 단, revised dan, McCune–Reischauer tan, Yale tan) Hán-Nôm : đam • Hán-Nôm : đảm • Hán-Nôm : đẵn • Hán-Nôm : đắn • Hán-Nôm : đẵm • Hán-Nôm : tạ 担
拈 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nim¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nim⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ni • Middle-Chinese : nem pick up with fingers or draw lots to twist 拈 • (nyeom>yeom) · 拈 • (nyeom>yeom) (hangeul 념>염, revised nyeom>yeom, McCune–Reischauer nyŏm>yŏm, Yale nyem>yem) Hán-Nôm : chêm • Hán-Nôm : niêm • Hán-Nôm : chiêm • Hán-Nôm : chớm • Hán-Nôm : niếm • Hán-Nôm : nắm 拈
拋 Described as an Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 手 (“hand”) + 尤 + 力 (“power”) and/or \ a Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰreːw, *pʰreːws) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 𡯄 (). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pha • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phua • Middle-Chinese : phaew to throw away; to discard; to cast; to toss • to give up; to abandon; to reject • to sell in large quantities or at low prices • (literary, or in compounds) to reveal; to expose; to uncover 拋 • (po) · 拋 • (po) (hangeul 포) Hán-Nôm : phao 拋
拎 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːŋ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : leng to lift; to carry in one's hand • (Cantonese) to take; to hold Hán-Nôm : lanh • Hán-Nôm : linh • Hán-Nôm : nhạnh 拎
拚 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːn, *brons, *pʰaːn, *puns) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 弁 (OC *brons). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piànn • Middle-Chinese : pjunH • Middle-Chinese : bjenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : pjunH Original form of 拼 (pīn). ‖ to clap risk • disregard • go all out for Hán-Nôm : biện • Hán-Nôm : phấn 拚
拮 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gat¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : git³ • Middle-Chinese : kjit • Middle-Chinese : ket Used in 拮据 (jiéjū). 拮 • (gil, gyeol) · 拮 • (gil, gyeol) (hangeul 길, 결, revised gil, gyeol, McCune–Reischauer kil, kyŏl, Yale kil, kyel) Hán-Nôm : cất • Hán-Nôm : cắt • Hán-Nôm : gặt • Hán-Nôm : gật • Hán-Nôm : kiết • Hán-Nôm : két • Hán-Nôm : kít 拮
挈 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰeːd) : phonetic 㓞 () + semantic 手 (“hand”). ‖ Probably a variant of 提 (the̍h, “to take”). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiat • Middle-Chinese : khet ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe̍h ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ to raise; to lift • to take along; to carry; to lead (one's family) ‖ (Taiwanese Hokkien, Teochew) to take; to retrieve; to fetch; to get; to bring; to carry ‖ (Eastern Min) to use, by means of, with ‖ unique carry in hand 挈 • (seol, gye) · 挈 • (seol, gye) (hangeul 설, 계, revised seol, gye, McCune–Reischauer sŏl, kye, Yale sel, kyey) assist, help • lead by hand 挈
挟 pinch • between 挟
挾 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hip⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gia̍p • Middle-Chinese : hep ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : nge̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gue̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nge̍eh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngeeh to clasp under the arm; to hold under the armpit • to coerce; to force obedience • to harbor (resentment, etc.) • to carry ‖ (Hokkien) to have something caught between two things; to sandwich something between two things put between • insert • jam • get caught • sandwich 挾 • (hyeop) · 挾 • (hyeop) (hangeul 협, revised hyeop, McCune–Reischauer hyŏp, Yale hyep) Hán-Nôm : xáp • Hán-Nôm : hiệp • Hán-Nôm : giáp • Hán-Nôm : rơi 挾
捩 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lit⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : le̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍t • Middle-Chinese : lejH • Middle-Chinese : let ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : leh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lerh (literary) to turn around • (literary) to reverse; to turn around (an undesirable situation); to remedy ‖ (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to pick up something with one's fingertips, especially with one's thumb and forefinger 捩 • (ryeol>yeol) · 捩 • (ryeol>yeol) (hangeul 렬>열, revised ryeol>yeol, McCune–Reischauer ryŏl>yŏl, Yale lyel>yel) 捩
捫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯːn) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 門 (OC *mɯːn). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bûn • Middle-Chinese : mwon 捫 (eum 문 (mun)) Hán-Nôm : môn 捫
据 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi¹ • Middle-Chinese : kjo Only used in 拮据 (jiéjū, “short of money; diligent”). set • lay a foundation, install, equip • squat down; sit down 据 • (geo) · 据 • (geo) (hangeul 거, revised geo, McCune–Reischauer kŏ, Yale ke) Hán-Nôm : cứ • Hán-Nôm : cư • Hán-Nôm : cớ 据
捱 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ê to endure; to suffer; to put up with • to drag out; to delay; to stall • to struggle to pull through; to wait (for a long time) put off, procrastinate • endure 捱 • (ae) · 捱 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ay) Hán-Nôm : nhay 捱
捲 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kronʔ, *krons, *ɡron) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 卷 (OC *ɡron, *kronʔ, *krons, *ɡonʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuán • Middle-Chinese : gjwen • Middle-Chinese : kjwenX • Middle-Chinese : kjwenH to roll; to roll up; to curl • roll; cylinder; tube; scroll • rolled up; curly • Classifier for rolled objects: rolls, reels ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • to sweep up; to carry along; to sweep away • to embroil; to involve • (neologism, slang) Short for 內捲／内卷 (“intense competition among peers; to study harder or work longer as a result”). curl • roll • wind • turn over (a playing card) • flip through 捲 (eum 권 (gwon)) Hán-Nôm : cuốn • Hán-Nôm : quyền • Hán-Nôm : cuộn • Hán-Nôm : quấn • Hán-Nôm : quén • Hán-Nôm : quyển • Hán-Nôm : quyện 捲
掄 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːn, *run) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 侖 (OC *run). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nng • Middle-Chinese : lwin • Middle-Chinese : lwon (literary) to select • to swing; to brandish • (literary) to waste money 掄 • (ryun>yun) · 掄 • (ryun>yun) (hangeul 륜>윤, revised ryun>yun, McCune–Reischauer ryun>yun, Yale lyun>yun) Hán-Nôm : dọn • Hán-Nôm : luân • Hán-Nôm : luồn 掄
掖 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jik⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iā • Middle-Chinese : yek side (of body); carry under arm 掖 (eum 액 (aek)) Hán-Nôm : dịch 掖
掙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 爭. Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiānn to struggle to get free • to struggle to support • to earn; to make • to hold open (with force) to wrench open • to ((force)) with all one's might Hán-Nôm : tránh • Hán-Nôm : giành 掙
掣 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰjeds, *kʰjed) : phonetic 制 (OC *kjeds) + semantic 手 (“hand”). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiat • Middle-Chinese : tsyhejH • Middle-Chinese : tsyhet ‖ to pull; to tug; to drag • to hinder by pulling back; to draw • (literary) to flash past • (Southern Min) to shiver; to shake • (Southern Min) to be afraid; to be scared; to be frightened ‖ (Cantonese) button; push-button; switch; component for controlling device (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) · (Cantonese) electrical switch (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (Cantonese) button; push-button; switch; component for controlling device (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) · (Cantonese, computing) key (on a keyboard); button (on a video game controller) (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) • (Cantonese) button; push-button; switch; component for controlling device (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) · (Cantonese, graphical user interface) button (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) • (Cantonese) button; push-button; switch; component for controlling device (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) · (Cantonese) pedal • (Cantonese) button; push-button; switch; component for controlling device (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) · (Cantonese, specifically) brake pedal • (Cantonese) button; push-button; switch; component for controlling device (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) 掣 • (che, cheol) · 掣 • (che, cheol) (hangeul 체, 철) Hán-Nôm : xiết • Hán-Nôm : xế • Hán-Nôm : xía • Hán-Nôm : siết 掣
掬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kluɡ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 匊 (OC *kluɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : guk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiuh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiok • Middle-Chinese : kjuwk (literary) to grasp or hold with both hands • (Mainland China Hokkien) to recoil; to tighten; to draw back • (Mainland China Hokkien) to slightly wrinkle; to crease a little • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to struggle; to attempt scoop up water with the hand 掬 • (guk) · 掬 • (guk) (hangeul 국, revised guk, McCune–Reischauer kuk, Yale kwuk) Hán-Nôm : cúc 掬
揀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːnʔ, *ɡ·reːns) : semantic 扌 (“hands”) + phonetic 柬 (OC *kreːnʔ, “to choose”). Originally written 柬. \ Compare Thai กลั่น (glàn, “to distill; to extract”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kán • Middle-Chinese : keanX • Middle-Chinese : lenH to choose; to pick • Alternative form of 撿／捡 (“to pick up”) select 揀 • (gan, yeon) · 揀 • (gan, yeon) (hangeul 간, 연, revised gan, yeon, McCune–Reischauer kan, yŏn, Yale kan, yen) Hán-Nôm : gióng • Hán-Nôm : giáng • Hán-Nôm : giản • Hán-Nôm : kiêm 揀
揆 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai⁵ • Middle-Chinese : gjwijX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kue̍h ^⁜ guess; to conjecture; to surmise; to reckon • (dated or formal) leader of the government · (Hong Kong, Taiwan, formal) prime minister • (dated or formal) leader of the government · (Taiwan, formal) president of the Executive Yuan; premier of the Republic of China • (dated or formal) leader of the government ‖ Alternative form of 劌／刿 (“to rub against; classifier for a segment or section of something that is long”) category • plan • drumstick 揆 • (gyu) · 揆 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu) Hán-Nôm : quẫy 揆
揖 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jap¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ip • Middle-Chinese : 'jip ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cap¹ to salute with one hand clasping the other in front of one's chest • to politely decline; to modestly decline ‖ Alternative form of 輯／辑 (jí, “to gather”) 揖 • (eup, jeup) · 揖 • (eup, jeup) (hangeul 읍, 즙) Hán-Nôm : ập 揖
搗 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːwʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 島 (OC *tuːwʔ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : táu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tó • Middle-Chinese : tawX to pound with a pestle; to smash • to beat with a stick; to smash • to make trouble; to disturb; to mess up • to attack (an enemy); to mount an offensive pound, husk 搗 (eum 도 (do)) Hán-Nôm : đẽo • Hán-Nôm : đảo • Hán-Nôm : đểu 搗
搪 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̄g • Middle-Chinese : dang 搪 • (dang) · 搪 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang) Hán-Nôm : đường 搪
搶 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaŋ, *sʰaŋʔ, *sʰraŋʔ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaŋ, *sʰaŋʔ, *sʰraŋʔ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiáng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiúnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiáunn • Middle-Chinese : tshjang • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjangX • Middle-Chinese : tshjangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ • Middle-Chinese : tshjang • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjangX • Middle-Chinese : tshjangX to snatch away • to fight over; to scramble for; to compete for • to rush • to scrape ‖ (literary) to knock; to hit; to strike • to go in the opposite direction 搶 • (chang) · 搶 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang, Yale chang) Hán-Nôm : sang • Hán-Nôm : thương • Hán-Nôm : thưởng 搶
搽 From 塗 (OC *rlaː, “to daub”) (Liu, 1984). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâ to apply; to anoint 搽 • (cha) · 搽 • (cha) (hangeul 차, revised cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'a, Yale cha) Hán-Nôm : chà • Hán-Nôm : trà 搽
摑 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄞ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwok³ • Middle-Chinese : kweak ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka̍k to slap the face ‖ (Hokkien) to throw; to cast (something to hit someone) • (Hokkien) to throw away; to toss box one's ears • slap • catch, seize • grasp, hold • arrest, capture 摑 (eumhun 칠 괵 (chil goek)) hanja form of 괵 (“hit”) Hán-Nôm : quắc • Hán-Nôm : quặc 摑
摒 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing² • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pìng • Middle-Chinese : pjiengH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : beng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piànn to expel; to cast off ‖ (Cantonese, Hokkien) to clean up; to tidy up • (Cantonese, Gan, Hakka) to hide • (Hokkien) to dump; to empty 摒 (eumhun 제거할 병 (jegeohal byeong)) Hán-Nôm : bính 摒
摟 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roː, *ro) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 婁 (OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roː, *ro) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 婁 (OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roː, *ro) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 婁 (OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lió ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liô • Middle-Chinese : lju • Middle-Chinese : luw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : lju • Middle-Chinese : luw ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lau³ to hug; to embrace • armspan ‖ to gather up • (colloquial) to pull up; to tuck up • to extort; to rake in • (regional) to calculate with an abacus • (regional) to calculate with an abacus · (regional, figurative) to verify through calculation; to examine and calculate; to assess • (dialectal) to pull; to draw • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka) to drape; to cover • (Cantonese, of insects) to crawl or hover over ‖ to pull in; to rope in; to gather ‖ (Cantonese, transitive) to instigate; to invite; to tempt • (Cantonese, transitive) to provoke hug, embrace • drag, pull Hán-Nôm : lùa • Hán-Nôm : lâu 摟
摺 ‖ ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 摺 – see 褶 (“pleat; crease; fold; wrinkle; lined clothing; etc.”). \ (This character is a variant form of 褶). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsih • Middle-Chinese : tsyep ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚ • Middle-Chinese : lop to destroy • to fold • booklet • foldable • side • (Cantonese) to close down; to fold • (Hong Kong Cantonese) to stay at a place • (Hong Kong Cantonese, university slang) unsocialized; uninteracting towards others • (Mainland China Hokkien) Classifier for folds of thin sheets. ‖ Used in personal names. ‖ Alternative form of 拉 (“to break; to snap”) to rub • to fold 摺 • (jeop) · 摺 • (jeop) (hangeul 접, revised jeop, McCune–Reischauer chŏp, Yale cep) Hán-Nôm : dập 摺
撈 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːw, *reːw) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 勞 (OC *raːw, *raːws). ‖ ‖ ‖ Clipping of 撈鬆／捞松 (laau¹ sung¹). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : law ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˊ ‖ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : laau¹ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo to dredge up; to scoop out of water; to fish for • (dialectal) to grab; to take up • (figurative) to gain by improper means • (Eastern Min) to blanch; to scald; to cook briefly in boiling water • (Northern Min) to look for; to seek ‖ Used in 撈什子／捞什子, alternative form of 勞什子／劳什子 (láoshízi) ‖ (Cantonese) to mix; to stir • (Cantonese) to earn a living • (Cantonese) to want • (Cantonese) to tease ‖ (Cantonese, derogatory) non-Cantonese Chinese; northern Chinese; Mandarin-speaking Chinese ‖ (Hokkien) to dredge up; to scoop out of water; to fish for 撈 • (ro>no) · 撈 • (ro>no) (hangeul 로>노, revised ro>no, McCune–Reischauer ro>no, Yale lo>no) Hán-Nôm : lau • Hán-Nôm : lao • Hán-Nôm : lạo • Hán-Nôm : trau 撈
撐 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rtʰaːŋ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 牚 (OC *rtʰaːŋs) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rtʰaːŋ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 牚 (OC *rtʰaːŋs) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : the • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thenn ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang⁶ to prop up; to support • to push off (with a pole) • to sustain; to maintain • to open; to unfurl • to fill to the point of bursting • (Cantonese, figuratively) to support ‖ (Cantonese) to fill (a space); to expand Support, prop up, brace. • The main support or pillar. • Eat one's fill, feast. 撐 (eum 탱 (taeng)) Hán-Nôm : sênh • Hán-Nôm : sanh • Hán-Nôm : xênh • Hán-Nôm : xinh • Hán-Nôm : xanh 撐
撓 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngiáu • Middle-Chinese : xaw • Middle-Chinese : nraewX to disturb; to bother; to upset • to stir; to mix • to scratch • Alternative form of 鬧／闹 (nào, “noisy”) • to bend; to yield; to flinch • (Nanning Pinghua) paw; claw 撓 • (yo) · 撓 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo) Hán-Nôm : nhéo • Hán-Nôm : nạo • Hán-Nôm : não • Hán-Nôm : nàu • Hán-Nôm : ngoéo • Hán-Nôm : nhàu • Hán-Nôm : ngàu • Hán-Nôm : nao • Hán-Nôm : nảo • Hán-Nôm : nảu • Hán-Nôm : nãu • Hán-Nôm : nạu • Hán-Nôm : nhao • Hán-Nôm : nháo • Hán-Nôm : nháu • Hán-Nôm : nhảu • Hán-Nôm : nhảo 撓
撚 ‖ See 𡳞. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : nin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : nin⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lián • Middle-Chinese : nenX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lan² to pinch; to pick up (with one's fingers) • to take; to hold • to rub (with one's fingers) • to fiddle; to fidget • to play tricks; to toy with; to tease • to trample; to tread • Alternative form of 攆／撵 (niǎn, “to expel; to drive out”) • (music) to press on or lightly pinch in the strings of the pipa to produce a wave-like effect • (Southern Min) to swindle; to defraud ‖ penis (Classifier: 條／条 c; 轆／辘 c) • fucking; freaking; the hell; the fuck • (derogatory) a person associated with a particular identity or trait; -er (usually for males) • Negates the meaning of the sentence: fuck all, my ass, like fuck, no fucking way to twist 撚 (eumhun 비틀 년 (biteul nyeon), word-initial (South Korea) 비틀 연 (biteul yeon)) Hán-Nôm : niệm 撚
撥 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paːd) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 發 (OC *pad). ‖ Likely a glottalized variant of 把 (MC paeX, “to hold; to give (dialectal)”) (Dai, 2004). Cantonese · Jyutping : but⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : put³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puat • Middle-Chinese : pat ‖ (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · to dispel; to scatter • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · to distribute; to allocate (resources, staff, etc); to set aside (money) • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · to dial (a phone number) • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · to push aside or forward with the foot, hand, stick, etc. • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · to stir; to pluck • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · (figurative) to incite; to excite • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · to play a plucked string instrument • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · to wave a fan • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · to poke (a fire) • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · (Southern Min) to take out (time, etc.) • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · (Southern Min) to divert; to reallocate; to misappropriate (money, funds, etc.) • (intransitive) to wave; to sweep; to whirl • (intransitive) to ferment (of wine); to brew • (transitive) to delete; to cut • (transitive) to reject; to abandon • (transitive) to govern; to rule; to pacify • plectrum • Classifier for people or things: group; batch ‖ to give • to allow • to; for; by ‖ 撥(ばち) or 撥(バチ) • (bachi) ‖ plectrum for instruments such as the biwa and shamisen 撥 (eumhun 다스릴 발 (daseuril bal)) · 撥 (eumhun 방패 벌 (bangpae beol)) Hán-Nôm : phết • Hán-Nôm : bát • Hán-Nôm : phiết 撥
撫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m̥ʰaʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 無 (OC *ma). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bú • Middle-Chinese : phjuX to stroke; to caress • (alt. form 拊) to pat; to strike; to clap • to play; to pluck (an instrument) • to console; to comfort • to hold; to possess; to control • to nurture; to take care of • (Suzhounese, by extension) to wash stroke, pat 撫 • (mu) · 撫 • (mu) (hangeul 무, revised mu, McCune–Reischauer mu, Yale mu) Hán-Nôm : vỗ • Hán-Nôm : dỗ • Hán-Nôm : phủ • Hán-Nôm : vồ 撫
撻 ‖ table \ Borrowed from English tart. ‖ table \ Borrowed from English start. ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : that • Middle-Chinese : that ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taat¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : taat¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : taat¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : daat³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : taat³ to flog • to chastise • brave • (archery) leather grip at the nocking point in a bow string • Alternative form of 鰨／鳎 (tǎ) ‖ (chiefly Cantonese) tart (pastry) • (Cantonese, euphemistic) vulva ‖ (Cantonese) to start (an engine, a vehicle, etc.); to ignite ‖ (Cantonese, slang) to steal ‖ (Cantonese, intransitive) to fall down • (Cantonese, transitive) to slam; to thud • (Cantonese, transitive) to pressure (someone) with one's authority or influence • (Cantonese, transitive) to show off (something) ‖ (Cantonese) to droop • (Cantonese) to lie limply 撻 • (dal) · 撻 • (dal) (hangeul 달) Hán-Nôm : dặt • Hán-Nôm : đặt • Hán-Nôm : thát 撻
撿 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·ramʔ, *kramʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gim² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiám ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˇ • Middle-Chinese : ljemX ^† (alt. form 檢／检) to restrain; to constrain • ^† (alt. form 檢／检) to investigate • to pick up; to collect • to put in order • (dialectal Hakka) to take; to get ‖ 撿 • (geom) · 撿 • (geom) (hangeul 검, revised geom, McCune–Reischauer kŏm, Yale kem) Hán-Nôm : kiểm 撿
擄 From 虜 (OC *raːʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Middle-Chinese : luX to capture; to seize • to plunder; to rob 擄 • (ro>no) · 擄 • (ro>no) (hangeul 로>노, revised ro>no, McCune–Reischauer ro>no, Yale lo>no) Hán-Nôm : lỗ 擄
擋 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːŋʔ, *taːŋs) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 當 (OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs). \ From 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to have the value of; to be equal of; to face; vis-à-vis; to match”) and originally written as 當 (Wang, 1982). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòng • Middle-Chinese : tangH to block; to obstruct • to hide from view; to cover; to obscure • (automotive) gear • (Northern Wu) to handle; to keep in place; to hold fast; to hold and shield with hand Hán-Nôm : đương • Hán-Nôm : đáng 擋
擘 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːɡ) : phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ) + semantic 手 (“hand”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : peh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : peeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piak • Middle-Chinese : peak (literary) thumb • (literary, figurative) outstanding person • (literary or dialectal) to split; to break; to tear (with one's fingers) • (literary or dialectal) to open; to spread 擘 • (byeok) · 擘 • (byeok) (hangeul 벽, revised byeok, McCune–Reischauer pyŏk, Yale pyek) Hán-Nôm : bài • Hán-Nôm : phách 擘
擠 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls). ‖ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zai¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsé • Middle-Chinese : tsej • Middle-Chinese : tsejH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jik ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : khueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kheh to crowd together tightly; to squeeze • to squeeze one's way in; to cram in • to squeeze out; to wring; to use pressure to extract • (Cantonese) to place; to put ‖ (Hokkien) to squeeze out • (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to injure the bones, muscles, or joints of one's arms or legs due to violent and sudden contact with a hard object ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 𤲍 (xiá) 擠 (eum 제 (je)) Hán-Nôm : tê • Hán-Nôm : tể • Hán-Nôm : tễ 擠
擰 ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liàm • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liàm • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liàm • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liàm • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˋ to twist; to wring • to pinch; to tweak ‖ to twist; to screw • (colloquial) wrong; mistaken • (colloquial, of two people) to disagree; to be at odds ‖ (colloquial) stubborn; obstinate; unbending; headstrong ‖ (Cantonese) to turn around Hán-Nôm : ninh 擰
擱 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koh to place; to put; to lay down • to add • to hold; to contain • to delay • to bear; to stand; to endure lay down • put down 擱 (eum 각 (gak)) place, put, lay down • delay Hán-Nôm : gác • Hán-Nôm : các 擱
擲 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deɡ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 鄭 (OC *deŋs). ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k • Middle-Chinese : drjek ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàn ‖ ‖ to throw; to hurl; to cast; to fling ‖ (Hokkien) to throw; to hurl ‖ (Teochew) to throw; to hurl ‖ (Hakka) to throw; to hurl (especially something heavy) ‖ 擲(たたき) • (Tataki) abandon, throw away • hit, strike ‖ a surname 擲 • (cheok) · 擲 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek) Hán-Nôm : trịch • Hán-Nôm : trạnh • Hán-Nôm : chệch • Hán-Nôm : sịch • Hán-Nôm : trệch • Hán-Nôm : xệch 擲
擺 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːlʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 罷 (OC *breːlʔ, *bral, *bralʔ). ‖ Zhao (1990) and Li (2005) consider this to be a Kra-Dai substrate word; compare Zhuang baez, Bouyei baiz, Lingao fɔi³. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄞˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pái • Middle-Chinese : peaX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : baai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : páinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mái to get rid of; to break free from; to push aside • to separate; to divide • to put; to place; to arrange • to put on; to assume (air); to display • (regional) to talk; to speak; to lay bare; to state clearly • to sway; to wave; to swing • pendulum • (neologism, slang) Short for 擺爛／摆烂 (bǎilàn, “to strive instead for shoddiness”). • (dialectal) malaria • (archaic) to scheme; to set up • (archaic) to wrap • Alternative form of 捭 (“to hit; to beat”) • a surname ‖ (Southern Min, Hakka, Malaysian Cantonese) Classifier for occurrences: time 擺 (eum 파 (pa)) Hán-Nôm : bẫy • Hán-Nôm : bài • Hán-Nôm : bãi • Hán-Nôm : bay • Hán-Nôm : bãy • Hán-Nôm : bai • Hán-Nôm : báy 擺
擻 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡˋ • Middle-Chinese : suwX Hán-Nôm : sú • Hán-Nôm : tẩu • Hán-Nôm : xỏ • Hán-Nôm : xổ • Hán-Nôm : số 擻
擾 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǎ • Middle-Chinese : nyewX to disturb; to trouble • (literary) confused; disordered • (polite) to receive money, goods or food; to enjoy hospitality to disturb • troubled; turbulent • to become attached to • to make someone attached to 擾 • (yo) · 擾 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo) Hán-Nôm : nhiễu • Hán-Nôm : nhầu 擾
攆 Cantonese · Jyutping : lin⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liàn to expel; to oust • (dialectal Mandarin, Jin) to chase after; to run after • (Teochew) to push with the hands • (Kinmenese Hokkien) to cut Hán-Nôm : liễn 攆
攏 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːŋʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ). Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : láng • Middle-Chinese : luwngX to gather together; to collect • (literary, or in compounds) to approach; to draw near to • to total; to add up; to amount to • to comb; to brush (hair, mane, etc.) • (archaic) to pick; to pluck (strings on an instrument) • (Southern Min, Zhao'an Hakka) all; both • (Sichuanese) to arrive • a surname: Long collect • bring together 攏 • (rong>nong) · 攏 • (rong>nong) (hangeul 롱>농, revised rong>nong, McCune–Reischauer rong>nong, Yale long>nong) press down • stroke • bind • harmonize with • berth, tie up • comb • soothe Hán-Nôm : long 攏
攔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːn) : 手 (“hands”) + 闌. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ânn • Middle-Chinese : lan to obstruct; to impede; to bar; to hinder • to face 攔 • (ran>nan) · 攔 • (ran>nan) (hangeul 란>난, revised ran>nan, McCune–Reischauer ran>nan, Yale lan>nan) Hán-Nôm : dan • Hán-Nôm : dang • Hán-Nôm : dàn • Hán-Nôm : lan • Hán-Nôm : đan 攔
攘 ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄤˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiáng • Middle-Chinese : nyang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiáng • Middle-Chinese : nyangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄤˋ • Middle-Chinese : nyangH to repel; to expel • to steal; to snatch • to invade; to seize by force • (alt. form 纕／𬙋) to pull up the sleeves • (alt. form 禳) to pray or offer sacrifices to avert disaster ‖ to throw into disorder; to disturb ‖ Original form of 讓／让 (ràng, “to yield; to give in”). 攘 (eum 양 (yang)) Hán-Nôm : nhương to capture, obtain • to give chase, to expel • to eliminate 攘
攙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zrɯːm, *sʰraːm) : semantic 手 + phonetic 毚 (OC *zrɯːm, *zraːm). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsham • Middle-Chinese : dzream • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaem to stab; to insert • sharp • to mix; to blend; to adulterate • to support by the arm • to take by force; to seize give helping hand 攙 (eum 참 (cham)) to give a helping hand • to support, hold up Hán-Nôm : sọm 攙
攜 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷeː) : phonetic 巂 () + semantic 扌 (“hand”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hê • Middle-Chinese : hwej to carry; to bear • to take along; to take somebody by the hand • to lead by hand • to co-operate; hand in hand • King Xie of the Zhou dynasty Original form of 携 Hán-Nôm : huề 攜
攣 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luān • Middle-Chinese : ljwen ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lyun¹ to spasm and become curled, unable to be stretched ‖ (Cantonese) curved; curly; twisted • (Cantonese) to curve; to bend • (Cantonese, slang) homosexual; not straight 攣 • (ryeon>yeon) · 攣 • (ryeon>yeon) (hangeul 련>연, revised ryeon>yeon, McCune–Reischauer ryŏn>yŏn, Yale lyen>yen) Hán-Nôm : loang • Hán-Nôm : luyên 攣
攤 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːnʔ, *naːns) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 難 (OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːnʔ, *naːns) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 難 (OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : than • Middle-Chinese : than ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : nanX • Middle-Chinese : nanH to spread something out; to lay out • stand, stall or table where goods are exhibited and sold • to distribute; to share (responsibility) • to cook by flattening and frying a batter or paste • to befall; to encounter (something undesirable) • (Cantonese) to lie down • (Cantonese) to let something cool down • (Southern Min) Classifier for work, business, meals. ‖ to press open • broaden • apportion 攤 • (tan) · 攤 • (tan) (hangeul 탄, revised tan, McCune–Reischauer t'an, Yale than) spread out, open • apportion Hán-Nôm : nặn • Hán-Nôm : nắn • Hán-Nôm : than • Hán-Nôm : thán 攤
攪 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kruːʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 覺 (OC *kruːɡs, *kruːɡ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kruk (“rouse; awaken; disturb”). Cognate with 學 (OC *ɡruːɡ, “to learn; to study”), 覺 (OC *kruːɡs, *kruːɡ, “to awaken”), Tibetan དཀྲོག (dkrog, “to agitate; to rouse”), Tibetan འཁྲུག་པ ('khrug pa, “to be disturbed; to quarrel”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ká • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiauh • Middle-Chinese : kaewX to disturb; to annoy • to mix; to stir ‖ to disturb ‖ 攪 • (gyo) · 攪 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo) Hán-Nôm : giao 攪
攫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷaɡ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 矍 (OC *kʷaɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwok³ • Middle-Chinese : kjwak (of animals) to grab using claws • to grab; to snatch; to seize abduct 攫 (eum 확 (hwak)) Hán-Nôm : quắc 攫
攬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːmʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 覽 (OC *ɡ·raːmʔ) – to grasp with the hand. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lám • Middle-Chinese : lamX to grasp, to take hold of • to monopolize; to control • to pick; to gather • to take on; to adopt • (Cantonese, Gan, Min) to hug; to embrace in the arms • (Cantonese) fitting (tube connector) 攬 • (ram>nam) · 攬 • (ram>nam) (hangeul 람>남, revised ram>nam, McCune–Reischauer ram>nam, Yale lam>nam) Hán-Nôm : lãm 攬
敍 敍 • (seo) · 敍 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se) Hán-Nôm : tự 敍
敖 Originally 𫠤, a pictogram (象形) depicting a person with a headress. 攴 was later added to emphasize action, making it a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) . Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 出 (“leave”) + 放 (“release”) ‖ Originally 𫠤, a pictogram (象形) depicting a person with a headress. 攴 was later added to emphasize action, making it a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) . Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 出 (“leave”) + 放 (“release”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Middle-Chinese : ngaw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngōo (literary) Original form of 遨 (áo, “to ramble; to play about”). • to tease; to joke; to flirt with • to make an uproar • someone who has not assumed the throne, and thus has no posthumous name, due to dying early • four-chi-high dog • Original form of 廒 (áo, “granary”). • Alternative form of 螯 (áo, “pincer; nipper; claw”) • Alternative form of 熬 (“to cook on slow fire; to boil”) • (historical) An ancient place in the northwest of today Xingyang, Henan. • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 傲 (“haughty; arrogant; conceited”) play • be proud 敖 (eum 오 (o)) Hán-Nôm : ngào 敖
敝 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beds, *bed) : phonetic 㡀 () + semantic 攴. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pè • Middle-Chinese : bjiejH (polite) my; our • (literary) worn-out; shabby; tattered • (literary) decayed; corrupted • tired; fatigued • to fail; to be defeated • to break; to destroy • Alternative form of 弊 (bì, “fault; defect; drawback”) • Alternative form of 蔽 (bì, “to cover; to shield; to deceive”) 敝 (eum 폐 (pye)) Hán-Nôm : tệ 敝
数 Unorthodox variant of 數, attested since Ming dynasty. Simplified from 數 (婁 → 娄). ‖ 数(かず) • (kazu) ‖ 数(すう) • (sū) ‖ 数(すう) • (sū-) ‖ number; amount ‖ (mathematics) number ‖ several 数 (eumhun 셀 수 (sel su)) Alternative form of 數 (“hanja form of 수 (“number”)”) canonical : 数: Hán Việt readings: số 数: Nôm readings: số • canonical : sổ • canonical : sộ • canonical : sỗ • canonical : xọ Alternative form of 數 数
斂 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams) : phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam) + semantic 攴. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liám • Middle-Chinese : ljemX • Middle-Chinese : ljemH to draw back; to fold back • to collect • 35th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "gathering" (𝌨) tighten, stiffen 斂 • (ryeom>yeom) · 斂 • (ryeom>yeom) (hangeul 렴>염, revised ryeom>yeom, McCune–Reischauer ryŏm>yŏm, Yale lyem>yem) Hán-Nôm : kiếm • Hán-Nôm : liễm • Hán-Nôm : liệm 斂
斃 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beds, *bed) : phonetic 敝 (OC *beds, *bed) + semantic 死 (“death”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pè • Middle-Chinese : bjiejH to fall down; to collapse • to drop dead; to die; to perish; to be killed • (colloquial) to kill with a gun (especially for execution) • to be defeated • (colloquial) to cancel (a show, etc.); to reject 斃 • (pye) · 斃 • (pye) (hangeul 폐, revised pye, McCune–Reischauer p'ye, Yale phyey) Hán-Nôm : tệ • Hán-Nôm : tễ 斃
斐 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei² • Middle-Chinese : phj+jX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˇ (literary) brilliant; magnificent • Used in transcription. ‖ a surname brilliant; magnificent 斐 • (bi) · 斐 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi) Hán-Nôm : phỉ 斐
斡 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʷaːd) : phonetic 倝 (OC *kaːns) + semantic 斗. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua̍t • Middle-Chinese : 'wat to revolve; to spin; to rotate • a surname: Wo • (Southern Min, Taiwanese Hakka) to change direction; to turn • (Hokkien) Classifier for bends, curves or turns. • (Hokkien) curved; crooked; bent • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to safeguard; to shield; to back; to stick up for go around • rule • administer 斡 (eumhun 돌 알 (dol al)) hanja form of 알 (“spin”) Hán-Nôm : oát • Hán-Nôm : quản 斡
斫 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsioh • Middle-Chinese : tsyak (literary) to hack; to chop 斫 (eum 작 (jak)) Hán-Nôm : chước • Hán-Nôm : trác 斫
断 ‖ 断(だん) • (dan) sever, chop off • interrupt • refuse, decline, abstain from ‖ refuse, decline 断
旌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsleŋ) : semantic 㫃 + phonetic 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Middle-Chinese : tsjeng banner or flag adorned with feathers • to make clear • to recognize; to distinguish • to honor officially; to commend 旌 (eum 정 (jeong)) Hán-Nôm : tinh 旌
旎 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei⁵ • Middle-Chinese : nrjeX Used in 旖旎 (yǐnǐ). • Used in 旎旎. Hán-Nôm : nể • Hán-Nôm : nỉ 旎
旖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qral, *qralʔ) : semantic 㫃 + phonetic 奇 (OC *kral, *ɡral). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : í • Middle-Chinese : 'je • Middle-Chinese : 'jeX Only used in 旖旎 (yǐnǐ). Hán-Nôm : ỷ 旖
旧 ‖ 旧(きゅう) • (kyū) ^(←きう (kiu)?) ‖ 旧(きゅう) • (kyū-) ^(←きう (kiu)?) ‖ old things, original state, former state, old times • the old calendar based on a lunar system ‖ paleo-, ex-, old, previous, former 旧
昼 ‖ 昼(ひる) • (hiru) ‖ 昼(ちゅう) • (chū) ^(←ちう (tiu)?) ‖ the daytime • 午: the noon, midday • Short for 昼ご飯 (hiru gohan) or 昼飯 (hirumeshi): lunch • the heyday or peak period of something ‖ day, daytime • noon, midday 昼
晉 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 臸 (“to arrive”) + 日 (“sun”) \ The I Ching relates it to 進／进 (jìn)https://ctext.org/book-of-changes/jin, whose etymology is unknown (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìn • Middle-Chinese : tsinH to advance; to increase • to promote • (～國) Chinese feudal state of Jin (11th century BCE–376 BCE), a state of the Zhou Dynasty in northern China • (～朝) Chinese Jin dynasty (266–420) • 35th hexagram of the I Ching (䷢) • Alternative name for 山西 (Shānxī, “Shanxi”). • (～語) Jin (a variety of Chinese spoken in and around Shanxi) • a surname to proceed • Jin dynasty 晉 (eumhun 나아갈 진 (naagal jin)) hanja form of 진 (“advance, increase”) Hán-Nôm : tấn • Hán-Nôm : tắn • Hán-Nôm : tớn 晉
晏 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːns, *qraːns) : semantic 日 + phonetic 安 (OC *qaːn). Cantonese · Jyutping : aan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaan³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : àn • Middle-Chinese : 'anH • Middle-Chinese : 'aenH late; near the end of a period of time • late in the day • (Cantonese) lunch (Classifier: 餐 c) • sunny and cloudless • peaceful; tranquil; serene • a surname ‖ 晏(あん) • (an) late • quiet • sets (sun) ‖ late (of time) • peaceful; tranquil; calm; quiet 晏 • (an) · 晏 • (an) (hangeul 안, revised an, McCune–Reischauer an, Yale an) Hán-Nôm : yến 晏
晒 bleach • expose 晒
晤 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gōo • Middle-Chinese : nguH to meet; to see • ^† Alternative form of 悟 (wù) 晤 (eum 오 (o)) Hán-Nôm : ngộ • Hán-Nôm : cữ 晤
晩 ‖ 晩(ばん) • (ban) ‖ 晩(ばん) • (-ban) evening, night • late ‖ evening • night ‖ nights, evenings 晩 • (man) · 晩 • (man) (hangeul 만, revised man, McCune–Reischauer man, Yale man) canonical : 晩: Hán Việt readings: vãn 晩: Nôm readings: muộn • canonical : vãn chữ Hán form of vãn (“late, evening, late afternoon”). • Nôm form of muộn (“late, evening, late afternoon”). • Nôm form of vãn (“about to end, about to close, about to disappear”). 晩
暈 Originally a pictogram (象形) – the sun (日) surrounded by lines on all sides – halo. \ Now phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢuns) : semantic 日 (“Sun”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun). \ Same word as 運 (OC *ɢuns, “to revolve; to move”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more. ‖ Originally a pictogram (象形) – the sun (日) surrounded by lines on all sides – halo. \ Now phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢuns) : semantic 日 (“Sun”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun). \ Same word as 運 (OC *ɢuns, “to revolve; to move”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more. ‖ Originally a pictogram (象形) – the sun (日) surrounded by lines on all sides – halo. \ Now phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢuns) : semantic 日 (“Sun”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun). \ Same word as 運 (OC *ɢuns, “to revolve; to move”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : n̄g • Middle-Chinese : hjunH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣ • Middle-Chinese : hjunH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : n̄g (astronomy) halo (around the Sun or the Moon) • ring of light or colour, or a blurred area surrounding a luminous or coloured object; halo around a light or colour • blush; slight redness • ring-shaped pattern • bull's eye • to spread; to proliferate; to seep through • to apply (colour, especially makeup) ‖ to make one feel dizzy; to feel the head spinning; to have vertigo ‖ dizzy; giddy; lightheaded • to faint; to pass out; to black out; to swoon • (neologism, slang) to be overwhelmed (by something) and on the verge of passing out • (Sichuanese) to savour; to enjoy slowly and thoroughly ‖ 暈(かさ) • (kasa) ‖ 暈(うん) • (un) ‖ 暈(うん) • (un) blur, haze • mental haze or senility • intentional blurring or gradation ‖ halo (atmospheric phenomenon) ‖ halo (atmospheric phenomenon) ‖ halo (atmospheric phenomenon) • dizzy; giddy 暈 (eumhun 무리 훈 (muri hun)) ‖ 暈 (eumhun 어지러울 운 (eojireoul un)) ‖ hanja form of 운 (“halo”) canonical : 暈: Hán Việt readings: vựng • canonical : vận • canonical : quầng 暈: Nôm readings: vầng • canonical : vừng • canonical : quầng • canonical : vựng Nôm form of vầng, vừng (“ring; circle”). • Nôm form of quầng (“halo in the sky”). 暈
暉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰul) : semantic 日 (“Sun”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fai¹ • Middle-Chinese : xjw+j sunlight; sunshine light, shine 暉 (eumhun 빛 휘 (bit hwi)) canonical : 暉: Hán Việt readings: huy 暉: Nôm readings: hoe • canonical : huy 暉
暨 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrɯds, *kɯds, *krɯd) : phonetic 既 (OC *kɯds) + semantic 旦 (“sunrise”). \ Maybe exopassive of 及 (jí) (Baxter 1992, apud Schuessler 2007). Schuessler considers relation to 迄 (qì, “to reach to”) and 既 (jì, “already”) less likely as the Middle Chinese vowels do not agree. \ Related to 訖／讫 (qì). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kái • Middle-Chinese : gjijH ^‡ initial appearance of sunrise • (alt. form 臮) (literary) and; cum • (literary) to attain; to reach • a surname Alternative form of 曁. 暨 • (gi) · 暨 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki) Hán-Nôm : kị 暨
暹 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 日 (“sun”) + 進 (“to advance”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siām • Middle-Chinese : sjem (of the sun) to rise • (historical) the Thai kingdom of Ayutthaya; later short for 暹羅／暹罗 (Xiānluó, “Siam”). 暹 • (seom) · 暹 • (seom) (hangeul 섬, revised seom, McCune–Reischauer sŏm, Yale sem) Hán-Nôm : Xiêm (historical) Siam 暹
曠 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷaːŋs) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 廣 (OC *kʷaːŋʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuìnn • Middle-Chinese : khwangH (obsolete) bright; clear • broad; vast; extensive • free from worries and petty ideas • distant (in time) • loose-fitting • to neglect; to skip (class or work); to waste (time) • a surname wide open space, void • worthless 曠 • (gwang) · 曠 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, Yale kwang) extensive, wide, broad • empty Hán-Nôm : khoảng • Hán-Nôm : khoáng • Hán-Nôm : quãng • Hán-Nôm : thoáng 曠
曦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hŋral) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 羲 (OC *hŋral). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi • Middle-Chinese : xje (literary) sunshine; dawn sunlight • Alternative form of 羲 (xī) the sun 曦 • (hui) · 曦 • (hui) (hangeul 희, revised hui, McCune–Reischauer hŭi, Yale huy) sunlight • sunshine • early dawn 曦
曳 Possibly related to 抴 (OC *lebs, *led, “to pull”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Compare Zhuang yaez (“inferior”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : è • Middle-Chinese : yejH ‖ to drag; to pull • (literary) to float in the wind; to sway • (obsolete) tired; fatigued ‖ (Cantonese) inferior; of poor quality • (Cantonese) naughty; ill-behaved; unruly ‖ 曳(えい) • (ei) drag, pull ‖ drag; pull 曳 (eum 예 (ye)) Hán-Nôm : dấy 曳
曷 Shuowen Jiezi: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːd) : phonetic 匃 () + semantic 曰 \ Cognate with 何 (OC *ɡaːl, “what; where; why; how”). See there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hot³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hot⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hat • Middle-Chinese : hat why; what; where; how; when 曷 • (gal) · 曷 • (gal) (hangeul 갈, revised gal, McCune–Reischauer kal, Yale kal) Hán-Nôm : hạt • Hán-Nôm : hột 曷
朧 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːŋ, *roŋs) : semantic 月 (“moon”) + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ). \ Unlike most other characters with a 月 (yuè)-like component on the left, this character's 月 (yuè) is not the cursive form of 肉; 朦朧／朦胧 (ménglóng) was originally used in reference to the moon. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Middle-Chinese : luwng (of moonlight) hazy; dim ‖ 朧(おぼろ) • (oboro) -na (adnominal 朧(おぼろ)な (oboro na), adverbial 朧(おぼろ)に (oboro ni)) ‖ 朧(おぼろ) • (oboro) ‖ 朧(おぼろ) • (Oboro) hazy, cloudy ‖ hazy, cloudy • uncertain, unreliable ‖ minced meat or seafood • Short for 朧昆布 (oboro-konbu): shredded kelp • Short for 朧豆腐 (oboro-dōfu): • Short for 朧饅頭 (oboro-manjū): steamed bun with the outer covering removed after steaming ‖ a female given name • a surname 朧 (eumhun 흐릿할 롱 (heurithal rong), word-initial (South Korea) 흐릿할 농 (heurithal nong)) hanja form of 롱/농 (“Used in 몽롱(朦朧) (mongnong)”) Hán-Nôm : lung • Hán-Nôm : lông 朧
朮 Pictogram (象形) . It is the original character of 秫. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seot⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seot⁶ Original form of 秫 (shú, “glutinous millet; sorghum”). ‖ Used in compounds such as 白朮／白术 (báizhú), a type of herbal medicine. ‖ 朮(おけら) or 朮(オケラ) • (okera) ^(←をけら (wokera)?) a type of millet • a type of herb ‖ Atractylodes lancea 朮 (eumhun 삽주 출 (sapju chul)) Hán-Nôm : thuật • Hán-Nôm : truật 朮
机 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei² • Middle-Chinese : kjij • Middle-Chinese : kjijX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei² • Middle-Chinese : kjij • Middle-Chinese : kjijX Alternative form of 几 (“small table; stool”) • alder • a surname ‖ chopping board desk, table 机 • (gwe) · 机 • (gwe) (hangeul 궤, revised gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwe, Yale kwey) desk Hán-Nôm : cơ 机
杆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːns) : semantic 木 + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : kanH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuainn ‖ pole; staff; rod (Classifier: 根 m) shield • pole 杆 • (gan) · 杆 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan, Yale kan) pole • shaft of spear 杆
杞 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kí • Middle-Chinese : khiX Salix integra • wolfberry • a kind of tree • a small feudal state (Qi), founded in Henan during the Shang Dynasty 杞 • (gi) · 杞 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki) Hán-Nôm : khởi • Hán-Nôm : kỷ 杞
条 ‖ 条(くだり) • (kudari) ‖ 条(じょう) • (jō) ^(←でう (deu)?) ‖ paragraph ‖ article in a document 条
来 ‖ 来(らい) • (rai-) ‖ 来(らい) • (-rai) ‖ 来(らい) • (rai) ‖ 来(らい) • (Rai) ‖ 来(く) • (ku) intransitive ^†-ko ‖ next..., coming... ‖ since..., in... ‖ coming, arriving • coming, approaching, passing • from (some point in the) past to present • coming in time ‖ a surname, especially of those descended from swordsmiths arriving from Goryeo around the mid-Kamakura period ‖ (archaic, obsolete) to come (approach one’s position from a remote location, specifically towards the speaker) • (archaic, obsolete) to go (to a direction or place far from the speaker but near the listener) • (archaic, suffixed to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of a verb) to gradually begin to [verb] 来
杳 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 木 (“tree”) + 日 (“sun”) - dark. Compare 杲 (gǎo, “bright”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : miu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu² • Middle-Chinese : 'ewX dim; dark; gloomy • indistinct; distant • quiet; secluded • vast; expansive • to disappear ‖ 杳(よう) • (yō) ^(←えう (eu)?)^†-tari (adnominal 杳(よう)とした (yō to shita) or 杳(よう)たる (yō taru), adverbial 杳(よう)と (yō to) or 杳(よう)として (yō to shite)) ‖ dark and indistinct; unclear 杳 • (myo, yo) · 杳 • (myo, yo) (hangeul 묘, 요, revised myo, yo, McCune–Reischauer myo, yo, Yale myo, yo) Hán-Nôm : diểu • Hán-Nôm : yểu 杳
杵 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋ̊ʰjaʔ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 午 (OC *ŋaːʔ, “pestle”) – a wooden pestle. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thú • Middle-Chinese : tsyhoX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : thír pestle • baton used to beat clothes • (Northeastern Mandarin) to stand (straight like a post) ‖ (Singapore Hokkien and Teochew) Alternative form of 悇 杵 (eum 저 (jeo)) Hán-Nôm : ngỏ 杵
杷 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pêe • Middle-Chinese : bae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˋ • Middle-Chinese : baeH • Middle-Chinese : beaH a surname ‖ handle (a part of an object which is held in the hand) 杷 • (pa) · 杷 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha) Hán-Nôm : bà • Hán-Nôm : ba 杷
枇 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *piʔ, *bi, *bis) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 比 (OC *piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *piʔ, *bi, *bis) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 比 (OC *piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *piʔ, *bi, *bis) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 比 (OC *piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tî • Middle-Chinese : bjij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Middle-Chinese : pjijX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Middle-Chinese : bjijH Only used in 枇杷 (pípá). • (Southern Min) Classifier for clusters. ‖ Alternative form of 匕 (bǐ, “a kind of inplement for eating”) ‖ Alternative form of 篦 (“fine-toothed comb; to comb with a fine-toothed comb”) 枇 • (bi) · 枇 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi) Hán-Nôm : tì 枇
枢 Simplified from 樞 (區 → 区). door hinge • pivot • center of power 枢
枸 Characters in the same phonetic series (句) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo). \ ; “bent; crooked” ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (句) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo). \ ; “bent; crooked” ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (句) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo). \ ; “bent; crooked” ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (句) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo). \ ; “bent; crooked” Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kió • Middle-Chinese : kuwX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kí • Middle-Chinese : kjuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kio • Middle-Chinese : kuw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ Only used in 枸杞 (gǒuqǐ) and 枸骨. ‖ Hovenia sp. (probably Hovenia acerba) • Alternative form of 蒟 (jǔ, “betel; Piper betle”) ‖ crooked; bent • intertwined roots ‖ 枸 • (gu) · 枸 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu) Hán-Nôm : cẩu • Hán-Nôm : cù • Hán-Nôm : cử 枸
柚 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lɯwɢs, *l'ɯwɢ) : semantic 木 (“tree; wood”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw). ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iū • Middle-Chinese : yuwH ‖ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuī ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iû ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : drjuwk pomelo ‖ (Yong'an and Sanyuan Central Min) pomelo ‖ (Zhangzhou Hokkien, Hua'an Shehua) pomelo ‖ teak ‖ (weaving) reed ‖ 柚(ゆ) • (yu) ‖ 柚(ゆ) • (Yu) ‖ 柚(ゆう) • (yū) ^(←いう (iu)?) ‖ 柚(ゆう) • (Yū) ‖ 柚(ゆず) or 柚(ユズ) • (yuzu) ‖ 柚(ゆず) • (Yuzu) ‖ 柚(ゆい) • (Yui) · 柚(ゆざき) • (Yuzaki) · 柚(ゆずさき) • (Yuzusaki) · 柚(ゆに) • (Yuni) citron ‖ (possibly obsolete) yuzu (Citrus junos) ‖ a surname ‖ (possibly obsolete) yuzu (Citrus junos) ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ Alternative spelling of 柚子 (“yuzu”) ‖ a female given name ‖ a female given name • a surname • a surname • a female given name 柚 • (yu, chuk) · 柚 • (yu, chuk) (hangeul 유, 축, revised yu, chuk, McCune–Reischauer yu, ch'uk, Yale yu, chwuk) Hán-Nôm : dâu • Hán-Nôm : dữu 柚
柩 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau⁶ • Middle-Chinese : gjuwH coffin which contains a corpse ‖ ‖ 柩 (eumhun 널 구 (neol gu)) coffin Hán-Nôm : cữu 柩
柯 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːl) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). \ Same word as 牁 (OC *kaːl, “mooring post for a boat”) and related to 軻 (OC *kʰaːl, *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls, “a pair of wheels upon an axle tree”); perhaps related to 幹 (OC *kaːns, “stem, support”) but distinct from 竿 (OC *kaːn, “pole”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kua • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kho • Middle-Chinese : ka ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kua ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kua (literary) axe handle • (literary) stalk; branch • a surname • Short for 柯爾克孜／柯尔克孜 (kē'ěrkèzī, “Kyrgyz (the people, language, etc.)”). • Lithocarpus; stone oak ‖ (Hokkien, of fruits, vegetable, etc.) fibrous; stringy; tough; withered • (Teochew) dry; dried up; unmoist • (Hokkien) lost one's youthfulness; old ‖ (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) copper coin • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) yuan (unit of currency) 柯 • (ga) · 柯 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka, Yale ka) Hán-Nôm : kha 柯
査 investigate, inspect 査 (eumhun 조사할 사 (josahal sa)) hanja form of 사 (“investigate, inspect”) 査
栩 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷaʔ, *ɢʷaʔ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 羽 (OC *ɢʷaʔ, *ɢʷas). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hí • Middle-Chinese : xjuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Middle-Chinese : hjuX oak • vivid • a surname ‖ Only used in 栩陽／栩阳. Hán-Nôm : hủ 栩
桀 In Chu slips, Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrad) : phonetic 匄 (OC *kaːds) + semantic 木. In the modern script, 匄 has corrupted into 舛. \ According to Schussler (2007), 桀 (OC *ɡrad) and 傑 (OC *ɡrad) are the same word meaning "outstanding > hero"; insides Sinitic, it is cognate to 朅 (OC *kʰrad, “martial”); outsides Sinitic, it is related to either Mizo hrât (“valiant, resolute”) or Tibetan གྱད (gyad, “strength; champion, athlete”). \ STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gjat (“hero, champion”) for 傑 (OC) ~ 桀 (OC *ɡrad) and གྱད (gyad). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : git⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kia̍t • Middle-Chinese : gjet ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ke̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ke̍eh ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe̍eh chicken roost • Jie of Xia, an ancient emperor • fierce; brutal; cruel • to lift; to raise; to shoulder; to bear • Alternative form of 傑／杰 (jié, “outstanding; hero”) ‖ (Hokkien) to be not in harmony; to be incompatible; to be contrary • (Hokkien) to impede; to obstruct; to hinder • (Mainland China and Philippine Hokkien) to get stuck; to wedge • (Mainland China Hokkien) to contradict (people) • (Xiamen Hokkien) hard to get along with others ‖ (Hokkien) to have estrangement; to be in conflict with each other (often reduplicated) • (Xiamen Hokkien) to hit something • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to have a crack (of a jar, vat, etc.) 桀 (eum 걸 (geol)) Hán-Nôm : kiệt 桀
桅 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krolʔ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 危 (OC *ŋrol). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uî • Middle-Chinese : ngwoj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˇ • Middle-Chinese : kjweX mast (of a ship) • (suburban Nanjing Mandarin) sail ‖ short spear Hán-Nôm : ngôi 桅
桓 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaːn) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 亘 () Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huân • Middle-Chinese : hwan Chinese soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi) • (obsolete) pillar used as a signpost • mighty; martial; large • Used in 盤桓／盘桓 (pánhuán). • a surname 桓 • (hwan) · 桓 • (hwan) (hangeul 환, revised hwan, McCune–Reischauer hwan, Yale hwan) Hán-Nôm : hoàn 桓
桿 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːnʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 旱 (OC *ɡaːnʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gon¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gon² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gon³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuáinn pole; stick; club; rod • lever; handle • shaft; barrel • Classifier for long, cylindrical objects, such as guns. stick 桿 • (han) · 桿 • (han) (hangeul 한, revised han, McCune–Reischauer han, Yale han) canonical : 桿: Hán Việt readings: can • canonical : hãn 桿: Nôm readings: cán Nôm form of cán (“handle”). 桿
梃 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ting⁵ • Middle-Chinese : dengX a club • a stalk • straight bar, pole • lever 梃 • (jeong) · 梃 • (jeong) (hangeul 정) Hán-Nôm : đỉnh 梃
梓 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsɯʔ) : semantic 木 (“wood; tree”) + abbreviated phonetic 宰 (OC *ʔsɯːʔ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsú • Middle-Chinese : tsiX yellow catalpa or Chinese catalpa (Catalpa ovata) • craftsman who produces wooden items • hometown • printing block • a surname ‖ 梓(あずさ) or 梓(アズサ) • (azusa) ^(←あづさ (adusa) or アヅサ (adusa)?) ‖ 梓(あずさ) • (Azusa) ^(←あづさ (adusa)?) ‖ 梓(し) • (shi) ‖ 梓(し) • (shi) ‖ Synonym of 夜糞峰榛 (yoguso minebari): the Japanese cherry birch, Betula grossa • Synonym of 木豇豆, 楸 (kisasage): the yellow or Chinese catalpa, Catalpa ovata • Synonym of 赤芽柏 (akame-gashiwa): the Japanese mallotus, Mallotus japonicus • a block used for printing (as it was originally made from the wood of the Chinese catalpa) • Short for 梓弓 (azusa yumi): a bow made from the wood of the Japanese cherry birch; a small musical bow used to summon spirits • Short for 梓巫女 (azusa miko): a 巫女 (miko, “unmarried female medium”) who summons spirits by sounding the string of an azusa yumi (short musical bow) • (theater) in noh, the swift, drummed accompaniment to the entrance recitative of a medium ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ a block used for printing (as it was originally made from the wood of the Chinese catalpa) ‖ catalpa • printing block • printing 梓 • (jae) · 梓 • (jae) (hangeul 재, revised jae, McCune–Reischauer chae, Yale cay) Hán-Nôm : tử 梓
梟 From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)u (“owl”), which is also compared to 鴞 (OC *ɦraw, “owl”), 鵂 (OC *qʰu, “owl”), 舊 (OC *ɡʷɯs, “owl”) (STEDT). Compare Japhug pɣɤkhɯ (“owl”) (Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiau • Middle-Chinese : kew owl • a mythical bird which eats its own parents shortly after hatching • brave, fierce • leader, ringleader • to decapitate and hang the head • (Teochew) indifferent, insensitive, indolent ‖ 梟(ふくろう) or 梟(ふくろ) • (fukurō or fukuro) ^(←ふくろふ (fukurofu)?) ‖ an owl Hán-Nôm : kiêu 梟
梵 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bloms, *bum) : semantic 林 (“forest”) + phonetic 凡 (OC *bom) – lush. Originally a variant form of 芃 (OC *boːŋ, *bum). \ As a word for transcribing Indic languages, the reading 梵 (MC bjomH) probably derives from Gandhari and transcribes the syllables such as bram̄(a), bra(m)m-, etc. (Bailey, 1946) in words like 𐨦𐨿𐨪𐨨𐨸 (bram̄a, “Brahma”), 𐨦𐨿𐨪𐨨𐨞 (bramaṇa, “a brahmin”), and it appears in the classical Chinese lexicon in 梵天 (“Brahma, name of a deity”), 梵志 (“a person dedicated to religion”), 梵行 (“good, pure conduct”), etc. The sense for "Sanskrit" originally refers to its status as a religious language. In modern usage, it is also used to translate various terms in Hinduism, such as Brahman. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huān • Middle-Chinese : bjuwng • Middle-Chinese : bjomH lush; luxuriant • (Hinduism) Brahman; the ultimate reality in the universe (concept in Hinduism) • (figurative) quiet; peaceful; undisturbed • of or pertaining to Buddhism; Buddhist • of or pertaining to ancient India or the Sanskrit language; Indian • (Buddhism) to chant sutras; to recite sutras • (Buddhism) sound of sutra chanting • a surname ‖ 梵(ぼん) • (bon) ‖ Abbreviation of 梵語. 梵 • (beom) · 梵 • (beom) (hangeul 범, revised beom, McCune–Reischauer pŏm, Yale pem) Hán-Nôm : phạn • Hán-Nôm : phạm Brahma • Sanskrit 梵
棗 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : Duplication of 朿 (“thorn”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsóo • Middle-Chinese : tsawX jujube; Chinese date • a surname ‖ 棗(なつめ) or 棗(ナツメ) • (natsume) ‖ 棗(なつめ) • (Natsume) jujube ‖ the jujube or Chinese date, Ziziphus jujuba • a dye made from dried jujube fruits • a small tea caddy used in the tea ceremony ‖ a female given name • a surname 棗 • (jo) · 棗 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co) Hán-Nôm : táo • Hán-Nôm : táu • Hán-Nôm : tảo 棗
棣 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːds) : semantic 木 (“wood; tree”) + phonetic 隶 (OC *lɯds) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːds) : semantic 木 (“wood; tree”) + phonetic 隶 (OC *lɯds) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːds) : semantic 木 (“wood; tree”) + phonetic 隶 (OC *lɯds) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˋ (botany) Kerria japonica • cherry tree • younger brother • a surname ‖ to attain; to reach ‖ Only used in 棣棣 (dàidài). (botany) Kerria japonica 棣 (eumhun 산앵두나무 체 (sanaengdunamu che)) ‖ 棣 (eumhun 익숙할 태 (iksukhal tae)) hanja form of 체 (“Vaccinium koreanum”) • (literary) hanja form of 체 (“to attain; to reach”) ‖ (literary) hanja form of 태 (“courteous appearance”) canonical : 棣: Hán Việt readings: đệ • canonical : lệ chữ Hán form of đệ (“brother; sibling”). • chữ Hán form of lệ (“Kerria japonica”). 棣
棧 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zreːnʔ, *zraːns, *zrenʔ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàn • Middle-Chinese : dzreanX • Middle-Chinese : dzrjenX • Middle-Chinese : dzraenH warehouse • tavern; inn • (computing) stack • (Southern Min) storey; floor; stratum • (Southern Min) Classifier for things arranged in layers, storeys or levels. 棧 • (jan, jeon) · 棧 • (jan, jeon) (hangeul 잔, 전, revised jan, jeon, McCune–Reischauer chan, chŏn, Yale can, cen) Hán-Nôm : sàn • Hán-Nôm : sến • Hán-Nôm : sán • Hán-Nôm : sạn • Hán-Nôm : xiễn • Hán-Nôm : trăn • Hán-Nôm : chăn 棧
棲 Before the Warring States Period, written as '西'. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *siːl) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 妻 (OC *sʰiːl, *sʰiːls). \ See 西 (OC *s-nˤər) (Baxter & Sagart, 2014) for etymology. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sue • Middle-Chinese : sej to perch • to roost • to stay (Of humans and other animals) residing (somewhere), living (someplace); inhabiting a nest, den, burrow, etc. 棲 (eumhun 깃들일 서 (gitdeuril seo)) hanja form of 서 (“roost”) Hán-Nôm : thê 棲
棹 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rdeːwɢs) : semantic 木 + phonetic 卓 (OC *rteːwɢ). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaau⁶ • Middle-Chinese : draewH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoek³ Alternative form of 櫂 (zhào) ‖ Alternative form of 桌 • Name of a tree. ‖ 棹(さお) • (sao) ^(←さを (sawo)?) ‖ neck of a shamisen, etc. • Alternative form of 竿 (“rod, pole”) 棹 • (do) · 棹 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to) Hán-Nôm : chèo • Hán-Nôm : trạo • Hán-Nôm : chác • Hán-Nôm : dậu • Hán-Nôm : địu 棹
楓 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *plum) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 風 (OC *plum, *plums) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : png • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Middle-Chinese : pjuwng maple (tree) ‖ 楓(かえで) • (kaede) ^(←かへで (kafede)?) ‖ 楓(かえで) • (Kaede) ‖ 楓(かいで) • (kaide) ‖ 楓(かつら) • (katsura) ‖ 楓(おかつら) • (okatsura) ^(←をかつら (wokatura)?) ‖ 楓(ふう) or 楓(フウ) • (fū) maple • Liquidambar formosana, Chinese sweetgum tree, Formosan sweetgum tree ‖ the maple tree • a color scheme for 襲 (kasane, “layered kimono”, literally “layering”), where both the outer and inner layers are light green • a kind of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”), featuring a maple-leaf design • (term of endearment) a child's hand (from the resemblance in shape between a hand with splayed fingers and a maple leaf) ‖ a female given name ‖ (uncommon, possibly obsolete) alternative for kaede above: the maple tree ‖ 桂: the katsura tree, Cercidiphyllum japonicum • 桂: (Chinese mythology) the kind of tree that grows on the moon ‖ (obsolete) the katsura tree, Cercidiphyllum japonicum ‖ the Formosan sweetgum tree, Liquidambar formosana • in certain kanji compounds, the maple tree 楓 (eumhun 단풍나무 풍 (danpungnamu pung)) hanja form of 풍 (“maple (tree)”) Hán-Nôm : phong 楓
楔 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : seh • Middle-Chinese : keat • Middle-Chinese : set ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : sip³ wedge; peg • (dialectal) to drive; to wedge (a wedge, nail, etc.) • (Hokkien) to stuff in; to plug in; to fill in • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) wedge; peg; stopper • (Mainland China Hokkien, figurative) to bribe ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 𤗈 (sip³) ‖ 楔(くさび) • (kusabi) ‖ a wedge (simple machine) 楔 (eum 설 (seol)) Hán-Nôm : khế 楔
楞 Compound of 四方木 (sìfāng mù). ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Middle-Chinese : long ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁶ • Middle-Chinese : long ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁶ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : gông ‖ Alternative form of 稜／棱 (léng, “edge; corner”) ‖ Used in transliteration. ‖ Alternative form of 愣 ‖ (Hokkien) dizzy • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to be dumbfounded; to be startled ‖ (Eastern Min) segment of a fruit, seed, or other round plant organ • (Eastern Min) Classifier for fruit or seed segments, flower petals, or portions of other round plant organs. • (Eastern Min) Classifier for slices of a round object such as cake or melon. 楞 • (reung>neung) · 楞 • (reung>neung) (hangeul 릉>능, revised reung>neung, McCune–Reischauer rŭng>nŭng, Yale lung>nung) Hán-Nôm : lăng 楞
楠 ‖ Borrowed from Thai น่าน (nâan). ‖ nanmu tree (Machilus nanmu or Phoebe zhennan) • name of various species of Phoebe and Machilus ‖ (～府) Nan province (of Thailand) • (～市) Nan city • (～河) Nan river camphor tree 楠 • (nam) · 楠 • (nam) (hangeul 남, revised nam, McCune–Reischauer nam, Yale nam) Hán-Nôm : nêm • Hán-Nôm : nam 楠
楨 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Middle-Chinese : trjeng hardwood • supports, posts hardwood • supports • posts 楨 • (jeong) · 楨 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng) hardwood • privet • supports • posts Hán-Nôm : trính • Hán-Nôm : trinh 楨
楫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔseb) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 咠 (OC *ʔsib, *sʰib). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zip⁶ • Middle-Chinese : tsjep (literary) oar; paddle • (archaic) to row oar 楫 • (jeup, jeop) · 楫 • (jeup, jeop) (hangeul 즙, 접, revised jeup, jeop, McCune–Reischauer chŭp, chŏp, Yale cup, cep) Hán-Nôm : tiếp 楫
楹 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Middle-Chinese : yeng column; pillar (especially in front of a hall) • (literary) Classifier for buildings or rooms. 楹 • (yeong) · 楹 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng, Yale yeng) Hán-Nôm : doanh 楹
楼 Simplified from 樓 (婁 → 娄) building (of two or more stores) • floor, level 楼
榛 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsrin) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 秦 (OC *zin). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsin • Middle-Chinese : tsrin hazel (Corylus heterophylla) • hazelnut • thicket; underbrush • (of vegetation) thick; dense ‖ 榛(はしばみ) or 榛(ハシバミ) • (hashibami) ‖ 榛(はり) • (hari) ‖ Asian Hazel, Corylus heterophylla ‖ (archaic) Old name for Japanese alder (Alnus japonica) 榛 (eum 진 (jin)) Hán-Nôm : trăn 榛
榭 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljaːɡs) : semantic 木 (“wood; wooden structure”) + phonetic 射 (OC *ɢljaːɡs, *laːɡs, *ɢljaːɡ, *laːɡ); also ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 木 + 射 (“archery”), as it originally referred to an early type of architecture for both the practice and the ceremony of archery: an open-space hall built on raised ground, without internal division into rooms (Wang, 1923; Yang, 1965). In bronze script, the alternative form 𫷺 (i.e. ⿸广射) can be seen. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze⁶ • Middle-Chinese : zjaeH (architecture) pavilion (typically on raised ground) 榭 (eum 사 (sa)) Hán-Nôm : tạ 榭
榷 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gok³ • Middle-Chinese : kaewk (obsolete) single-plank bridge; log footbridge • to tax • tax; toll; levy • to monopolize • monopoly • to discuss • Alternative form of 確／确 (què) footbridge • toll, levy • monopoly 榷 • (gyo) · 榷 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo) Hán-Nôm : dác • Hán-Nôm : các 榷
榻 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːb) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 𦐇 () Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taap³ • Middle-Chinese : thap cot; couch; bed • (obsolete) to copy 榻 (eum 탑 (tap)) Hán-Nôm : chõng • Hán-Nôm : tháp 榻
槁 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːwʔ, *kʰaːwʔ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 高 (OC *kaːw). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gou² • Middle-Chinese : khawX ^† to wither • ^† (of a tree or wood) withered; rotten; dead • ^† dried up tree dried up tree • to wither; to rot (of a tree or wood) • to dry 槁 (eum 고 (go)) Hán-Nôm : cau 槁
槌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dols, *dul) : semantic 木 + phonetic 追 (OC *tul). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuî • Middle-Chinese : drwij • Middle-Chinese : drjweH hammer, mallet • to strike; to beat • (Zhengzhou, Jin) fist ‖ 槌(つち) • (tsuchi) hammer ‖ a hammer • a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) featuring a traditional Japanese hammer design 槌 • (toe, chu) · 槌 • (toe, chu) (hangeul 퇴, 추, revised toe, chu, McCune–Reischauer t'oe, ch'u, Yale thoy, chwu) Hán-Nôm : dùi • Hán-Nôm : chùy • Hán-Nôm : chuỳ 槌
槍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaŋ, *sʰraːŋ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ). ‖ ‖ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshionn • Middle-Chinese : tshjang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤˇ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìng (historical) spear; lance; pike • gun; firearm; shooter (Classifier: 桿／杆 m; 支 m c; 把 m c) • gun-like object • Classifier for gunshots. • to sit for an examination in place of someone else • (obsolete) to collide • a surname ‖ Only used in 欃槍／欃枪 (chánchēng, “comet”). ‖ ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 銃／铳 (“gun; firearm”) ‖ 槍(やり) • (yari) ‖ 槍(やり) • (Yari) spear, lance • javelin ‖ (weaponry) a spear, lance • (shogi) common name for the 香車 (kyōsha, “lance”) • a javelin (throwing spear used in athletics) • (archaic) jeering ‖ a surname 槍 (eumhun 창 창 (chang chang)) hanja form of 창 (“spear”) Hán-Nôm : thương • Hán-Nôm : sang 槍
槓 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 貢 (OC *koːŋs). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gung³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kǹg ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁵ thick rod; thick pole • (gymnastics) bar • stout poles used to carry a coffin • rod-shaped part of a machine • thick line (Classifier: 道 m) • to cross out; to strike out • to whet • to argue; to bicker • (mahjong) kong ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 籠／笼 (“trunk; chest; large box”) ‖ 槓(カン) • (kan) lever ‖ (mahjong) Short for 槓子 (kantsu): a set of four identical tiles • (mahjong) a call for such a set (compare English kong): · for a 明槓 (minkan, “open kan”), the player calling should have a 暗刻 (ankō, “closed triplet”) in hand and the current discarded tile is the fourth tile • (mahjong) a call for such a set (compare English kong): · for a 加槓 (kakan, “added kan”), the player should have an 明刻 (minkō, “open triplet”) beforehand and the fourth tile must be self-drawn • (mahjong) a call for such a set (compare English kong): · for an 暗槓 (ankan, “closed kan”), the player calling must simply have all four tiles in hand 槓 • (gong) · 槓 • (gong) (hangeul 공, revised gong, McCune–Reischauer kong, Yale kong) Hán-Nôm : cổng 槓
槨 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwok³ • Middle-Chinese : kwak outer coffin 槨 (eum 곽 (gwak)) Hán-Nôm : quạch 槨
槳 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiúnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiáng • Middle-Chinese : tsjangX oar; paddle (Classifier: 隻／只 m) Hán-Nôm : tưởng • Hán-Nôm : giưởng • Hán-Nôm : giưỡng • Hán-Nôm : rưởng • Hán-Nôm : rưỡng • Hán-Nôm : rảng • Hán-Nôm : rãng • Hán-Nôm : rẳng • Hán-Nôm : rẵng 槳
樁 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Middle-Chinese : traewng wooden pile; stake • pile (large stake driven into the earth or sea-bed for the support of a building) • Classifier for events, deals, legal cases, etc.. pole, post, stake • matter Hán-Nôm : thung • Hán-Nôm : thủng • Hán-Nôm : thông • Hán-Nôm : thùng • Hán-Nôm : trang 樁
樊 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ban) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 棥 (OC *ban) + semantic 𠬜. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huân • Middle-Chinese : bjon (literary) fence; hedge • (literary) to fence; to surround with a fence • a surname 樊 • (beon) · 樊 • (beon) (hangeul 번, revised beon, McCune–Reischauer pŏn, Yale pen) Hán-Nôm : phàn • Hán-Nôm : phưng • Hán-Nôm : phiền 樊
樞 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰjo) : semantic 木 + phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thi • Middle-Chinese : tsyhu door hinge • pivot • center of power pivot • door 樞 • (chu, u) · 樞 • (chu, u) (hangeul 추, 우) door hinge • pivot • center of power Hán-Nôm : xu • Hán-Nôm : su • Hán-Nôm : sù • Hán-Nôm : xô • Hán-Nôm : xù • Hán-Nôm : xũ • Hán-Nôm : khu • Hán-Nôm : xó • Hán-Nôm : xụ 樞
横 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 木 + phonetic 黄 (). ‖ 横(よこ) • (yoko) ‖ 横(おう) • (ō) ^(←わう (wau)?) sideways, horizontal • next, next to • width ‖ side • width ‖ sideways, horizontal • self-willed; arbitrary; unrestrained and aggressive • sudden; unexpected • brimming 横 • (hoeng) · 横 • (hoeng) (hangeul 횡, revised hoeng, McCune–Reischauer hoeng, Yale hoyng) across 横
樵 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dzjew (literary or Hakka, Min) firewood • to chop firewood; to gather firewood • woodcutter 樵 (eum 초 (cho)) Hán-Nôm : tiều 樵
樸 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baː, *pʰroːɡ, *poːɡ, *boːɡ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baː, *pʰroːɡ, *poːɡ, *boːɡ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baː, *pʰroːɡ, *poːɡ, *boːɡ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baː, *pʰroːɡ, *poːɡ, *boːɡ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phoh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phok • Middle-Chinese : phaewk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : buk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pho̍h • Middle-Chinese : puwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : buk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : buwk simple; plain; rough; unpolished • sincere; honest ‖ (archaic) a kind of oak • (archaic) to stick; to adhere ‖ Only used in 樸𠟼／朴𠟼. ‖ ^‡ dense (of trees) unworked wood, bark of a tree • sincere, honest 樸 • (bok, bak) · 樸 • (bok, bak) (hangeul 복, 박, revised bok, bak, McCune–Reischauer pok, pak, Yale pok, pak) Hán-Nôm : phác • Hán-Nôm : bốc 樸
樺 From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *grwa (“birch”) (STEDT); cognate with Tibetan གྲོ་ག (gro ga, “bark of birch tree”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâ • Middle-Chinese : hwae • Middle-Chinese : hwaeH birch ‖ 樺(かば) or 樺(カバ) • (kaba) ‖ 樺(かんば) or 樺(カンバ) • (kanba) ‖ 樺(かにわ) • (kaniwa) ^(←かには (kanifa)?) birch • reddish yellow ‖ a birch (plant of genus Betula) • Short for 樺色 (kabairo, “reddish yellow”). ‖ a birch (plant of genus Betula) ‖ (obsolete) Japanese bird cherry (Prunus grayana) or its bark • (obsolete) monarch birch (Betula maximowicziana) or its bark 樺 • (hwa) · 樺 • (hwa) (hangeul 화, revised hwa, McCune–Reischauer hwa, Yale hwa) birch Hán-Nôm : hoa 樺
樽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsuːn) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 尊 (OC *ʔsuːn). \ Specialised orthographic form of 尊 (OC *ʔsuːn, “zun, a kind of vessel”) that inherited the noun sense for "vessel", as 尊 became chiefly used for the more abstract senses (Duan Yucai's analysis of the Shuowen). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄣ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsun • Middle-Chinese : tswon (archaic) vessel for alcohol; goblet • (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew, Leizhou Min, Zhongshan Min) bottle; vase (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew) Classifier for bottles. ‖ 樽(たる) • (taru) ‖ 樽(そん) • (son) ‖ barrel ‖ barrel 樽 (eum 준 (jun)) Hán-Nôm : tôn 樽
橇 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³ • Middle-Chinese : khjew ‖ 橇(そり) • (sori) · 橇(かんじき) • (kanjiki) ‖ sleigh • snowshoes 橇 (eum 취 (chwi)) Hán-Nôm : khiêu 橇
橢 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thò • Middle-Chinese : thwaX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˇ oval-shaped container • long and narrow; oval-shaped; elliptical ‖ Only used in 科橢／科椭. 橢 (eum 타 (ta)) Hán-Nôm : thỏa • Hán-Nôm : thoả • Hán-Nôm : thõa • Hán-Nôm : thoã 橢
檄 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡleːwɢ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 敫 (OC *kleːwɢs, *ɢlewɢ, *kleːwɢ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi̍k • Middle-Chinese : hek ‖ 檄(げき) • (geki) ‖ written appeal, circular, manifesto 檄 (eum 격 (gyeok)) Hán-Nôm : hịch 檄
檔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 當 (OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 當 (OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̄g • Middle-Chinese : tang ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̄g shelf for files • frame; crosspiece • document • (Cantonese) stall (small open-fronted shop) ‖ (Quanzhou Hokkien) a form of community fundraising done in Quanzhou 檔 (eum 당 (dang)) Hán-Nôm : đang • Hán-Nôm : đướng • Hán-Nôm : đượng • Hán-Nôm : đưỡng • Hán-Nôm : đạng • Hán-Nôm : đóng 檔
檜 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kui² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Middle-Chinese : kwajH • Middle-Chinese : kwat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kui² • Middle-Chinese : kwajH Chinese juniper ‖ Used in personal names. ‖ 檜(ひのき) or 檜(ヒノキ) • (hinoki) ‖ 檜(ひのき) • (Hinoki) ‖ 檜(ひ) • (hi) ‖ Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ (archaic, or in compounds) Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) 檜 • (hoe, gwal) · 檜 • (hoe, gwal) (hangeul 회, 괄, revised hoe, gwal, McCune–Reischauer hoe, kwal, Yale hoy, kwal) Hán-Nôm : cối 檜
檳 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pin) : semantic 木 + phonetic 賓 (OC *mpin). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pun • Middle-Chinese : pjin Used in compounds. • (Malaysia, Singapore) Short for 檳城／槟城 (Bīnchéng, “Penang, Malaysia”). betel nut; betel palm tree 檳 • (bin) · 檳 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin) Hán-Nôm : tân 檳
檸 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rnaːŋʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 寧 (OC *neːŋ). ‖ Contracted form of 吶亨／呐亨. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lê • Middle-Chinese : nraengX ‖ Only used in 檸檬／柠檬 (níngméng); also used as its short form. ‖ (Suzhounese) how 檸 (eumhun 레몬 (lemon) 녕 (remon ( lemon ) nyeong), word-initial (South Korea) 레몬 (lemon) 영 (remon ( lemon ) yeong)) hanja form of 녕 (“lemon”) Hán-Nôm : nịnh 檸
檻 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms) : semantic 木 + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms). \ Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kram (“fence, garden”). Cognate with Burmese ခြံ (hkram, “fence; garden; to surround”). Also compare Tibetan ཁྲམ (khram, “notched wood”) (> ཁྲམ་ཁ (khram kha, “cut, notch [in wood]”), ཁྲམ་ཤིང (khram shing, “tallystick”)). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms) : semantic 木 + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms). \ Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kram (“fence, garden”). Cognate with Burmese ခြံ (hkram, “fence; garden; to surround”). Also compare Tibetan ཁྲམ (khram, “notched wood”) (> ཁྲམ་ཁ (khram kha, “cut, notch [in wood]”), ཁྲམ་ཤིང (khram shing, “tallystick”)). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haam⁵ • Middle-Chinese : haemX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄢˇㄦ fence • cage (for animal or prisoner) • railing; balustrade • (alt. form 轞／𰺗) prisoner transport cart • Alternative form of 艦／舰 (jiàn, “warship”) ‖ doorsill ‖ 檻(おり) • (ori) ^(←をり (wori)?) ‖ cage; cell 檻 (eum 함 (ham)) Hán-Nôm : giám • Hán-Nôm : hạm • Hán-Nôm : hậm • Hán-Nôm : tràm • Hán-Nôm : cạm 檻
櫂 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *r'eːwɢs) : semantic 木 + phonetic 翟 (OC *r'aːwɢ, *l'eːwɢ). \ Earliest extant attestations are in Chu Ci. \ Possibly from Austroasiatic. Compare Proto-Vietic *tʃ-r-ɛːw (whence Vietnamese chèo), an *-r- (instrumental derivative) infixed form of Vietnamese *tʃɛːw, whence Modern Vietnamese xeo (“to lift up with a crowbar; to propel (a boat) with a long pole”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaau⁶ • Middle-Chinese : draewH (literary) oar • (literary) to row • (literary) boat ‖ 櫂(かい) • (kai) ^(←かひ (kafi)?) ‖ 櫂(かじ) • (kaji) ^(←かぢ (kadi)?) ‖ oar, paddle ‖ Alternative form of 舵 (“rudder”) 櫂 (eum 도 (do)) Hán-Nôm : trạc • Hán-Nôm : trạo 櫂
櫃 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruds) : semantic 木 (“wooden”) + phonetic 匱 (OC *ɡruds, “box”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuī • Middle-Chinese : gwijH cabinet; cupboard • wardrobe • counter • (Hong Kong, Taiwan) Short for 貨櫃／货柜 (huòguì, “shipping container”). ‖ 櫃(ひつ) • (hitsu) ‖ chest (container) • 御櫃: a round container for cooked rice 櫃 • (gwe) · 櫃 • (gwe) (hangeul 궤, revised gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwe, Yale kwey) Hán-Nôm : cũi • Hán-Nôm : quĩ • Hán-Nôm : quầy • Hán-Nôm : quỹ 櫃
櫓 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːʔ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 魯 (OC *raːʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Middle-Chinese : luX scull • large shield ‖ 櫓(やぐら) • (yagura) ‖ watchtower, turret 櫓 (eumhun 방패 로 (bangpae ro), word-initial (South Korea) 방패 노 (bangpae no)) hanja form of 로 (“(North Korea) oar”) • hanja form of 노 (“(South Korea) oar”) Hán-Nôm : lỗ 櫓
櫚 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Middle-Chinese : ljo Used in 棕櫚／棕榈 (zōnglǘ) and 栟櫚／栟榈 (bīnglǘ). • Used in 花櫚／花榈. 櫚 • (ryeo>yeo) · 櫚 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye) Hán-Nôm : lư 櫚
櫛 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsriɡ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 節 (OC *ʔsiːɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat • Middle-Chinese : tsrit comb • to comb out • to weed out; to eliminate ‖ 櫛(くし) • (kushi) ‖ comb 櫛 (eum 즐 (jeul)) Hán-Nôm : trất 櫛
櫝 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ). \ Compare Khmer ទូ (tuu), Lao ຕູ້ (tū), Thai ตู้ (dtûu), Vietnamese tủ. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : duk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : duwk box; case; casket • cabinet; wardrobe • closet cabinet, wardrobe, closet • chest • coffer 櫝 (eum 독 (dok)) box • coffin Hán-Nôm : độc 櫝
櫥 From 廚 (OC *do). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tû cabinet; wardrobe; cupboard Hán-Nôm : trù 櫥
櫻 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːŋ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 嬰 (OC *qeŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing • Middle-Chinese : 'eang cherry (Classifier: 棵 m; 樖 c; 叢／丛 mn) ‖ 櫻(さくら) • (Sakura) Kyūjitai form of 桜 ‖ a female given name • a surname 櫻 • (aeng) · 櫻 • (aeng) (hangeul 앵, revised aeng, McCune–Reischauer aeng, Yale ayng) Hán-Nôm : anh 櫻
欖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːmʔ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 覽 (OC *ɡ·raːmʔ). \ See 橄欖／橄榄 (gǎnlǎn). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam² • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ná • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lám • Middle-Chinese : lamX (in compounds or dialectal) olive 欖 • (ram>nam) · 欖 • (ram>nam) (hangeul 람>남, revised ram>nam, McCune–Reischauer ram>nam, Yale lam>nam) Hán-Nôm : lãm 欖
欧 ‖ 欧(おう) • (ō) ‖ 欧(おう) • (Ō) Europe ‖ Short for ヨーロッパ／欧羅巴 (Yōroppa, “Europe (a continent)”). ‖ Short for ヨーロッパ／欧羅巴 (Yōroppa, “Europe (a continent)”). 欧
欽 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khim • Middle-Chinese : khim to respect; to admire; to venerate • respectful • by the emperor personally • (obsolete) bent; twisted • a surname 欽 • (heum) · 欽 • (heum) (hangeul 흠, revised heum, McCune–Reischauer hŭm, Yale hum) Hán-Nôm : khâm • Hán-Nôm : khom 欽
歎 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan³ • Middle-Chinese : thanH Alternative form of 嘆 (tàn, “to sigh; to chant; to praise”) • one of 24 literary genres from the Zhou dynasty • a surname. ‖ ‖ 歎 (eumhun 탄식할 탄 (tansikhal tan)) hanja form of 탄 (“sigh”) canonical : 歎: Hán Việt readings: thán 歎: Nôm readings: than • canonical : thăn 歎
歐 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoː, *qoːʔ) : phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo) + semantic 欠 (“to yawn; to exhale”) – to vomit (original form of 嘔). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : au • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io • Middle-Chinese : 'uw Short for 歐羅巴／欧罗巴 (Ōuluóbā, “Europe”). • Short for 歐盟／欧盟 (Ōuméng, “European Union”). • Short for 歐元／欧元 (ōuyuán, “euro”). • Short for 歐姆／欧姆 (ōumǔ, “ohm”). • Alternative form of 謳／讴 (ōu, “to sing”) • Alternative form of 毆／殴 (ōu, “to beat; to strike”) • a surname Europe 歐 (eumhun 구라파 구 (gurapa gu)) hanja form of 구 (“Europe”) Hán-Nôm : âu 歐
歟 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la, *laʔ, *las) : phonetic 與 (OC *la, *laʔ, *las) + semantic 欠. \ ; question particle Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Middle-Chinese : yo • Middle-Chinese : yoX • Middle-Chinese : yoH Sentence-final particle used to express an exclamatory, doubtful or questioning tone ‖ ‖ 歟 (eum 여 (yeo)) Hán-Nôm : ru 歟
歿 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯːd) : semantic 歹 (“death”) + abbreviated phonetic 沒 (OC *mɯːd) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mut⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mwot (literary) to die • Alternative form of 沒／没 · to sink • Alternative form of 沒／没 · to have no ‖ 歿(ぼつ) • (-botsu) to die ‖ died in 歿 • (mol) · 歿 • (mol) (hangeul 몰, revised mol, McCune–Reischauer mol, Yale mol) 歿
残 ‖ 残(ざん) • (zan) ‖ 残(ざん) • (zan) ‖ the remainder; leftover; residue ‖ remain, remaining • damage, damaged, defective • cruel 残
殤 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siong • Middle-Chinese : syang (literary) to die young; to die whilst a child • (literary) a person who has died young • (literary) mourning for such a death • (literary) to die in battle • (literary) a person who has died in battle 殤 (eum 상 (sang)) Hán-Nôm : thương 殤
殮 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ljemH to put a dead body into a coffin to encoffin 殮 • (ryeom>yeom) · 殮 • (ryeom>yeom) (hangeul 렴>염, revised ryeom>yeom, McCune–Reischauer ryŏm>yŏm, Yale lyem>yem) Hán-Nôm : liệm • Hán-Nôm : liễm • Hán-Nôm : lịm 殮
殯 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pins) : semantic 歹 + phonetic 賓 (OC *mpin). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pìn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin • Middle-Chinese : pjinH to lay a coffin in a memorial hall; to encoffin a corpse • to carry the body to the bury place or crematorium; to carry to burial • prepared, but not buried corpse (Shinto) A funerary practice of enshrining the deceased in a casket at a special location during a period of mourning before a formal burial, specifically for royalty or nobility 殯 (eum 빈 (bin)) Hán-Nôm : tấn 殯
殲 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsem) : semantic 歹 + phonetic 韱 (OC *sem). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiam • Middle-Chinese : tsjem to annihilate; to wipe out; to kill off; to destroy annihilate, eradicate, wipe out 殲 (eumhun 다죽일 섬 (dajugil seom)) hanja form of 섬 (“annihilation”) canonical : 殲: Hán Việt readings: tiêm 殲: Nôm readings: tiêm 殲
殴 to hit 殴
殼 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰroːɡ) : semantic 几 + phonetic 𣪊 (). Originally written as 㱿 (què), see there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hok³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khok • Middle-Chinese : khaewk shell; husk; hull; skin; casing • (Cantonese) ladle husk; shell 殼 (eumhun 껍질 각 (kkeopjil gak)) hanja form of 각 (“shell; husk; hull; skin; casing”) Hán-Nôm : xác • Hán-Nôm : nôi 殼
毁 毁
毆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoːʔ) : phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo) + semantic 殳 (“action”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoːʔ) : phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo) + semantic 殳 (“action”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : au² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Hokkien · Tai-lo : au • Middle-Chinese : 'uwX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : au³ to beat; to fight with fists; to hit; to strike; to brawl • a surname ‖ (Cantonese) to beat; to hit 毆 (eum 구 (gu)) Hán-Nôm : ẩu 毆
毋 Characters in the same phonetic series (母) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ In the oracle bone script, 母 (“mother”) was borrowed to represent this character. It was later specialized to distinguish it from “mother”, replacing the two dots with one stroke. \ Cognate with 無 (OC *ma, “to not have”). Already in Zhou time, phonetically confused with and read like 無 (OC *ma). \ Cognate with 唔 in Cantonese, Teochew and Hakka. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : m̄ • Middle-Chinese : mju (literary) do not, don't • (literary or Hakka, Hokkien) not • (literary) Alternative form of 無／无 (“to not have”) • a surname do not, must not, be not • "mother" radical 毋 • (mu) · 毋 • (mu) (hangeul 무, revised mu, McCune–Reischauer mu, Yale mu) do not • not • surname • rad. 80 canonical : 毋: Hán Việt readings: vô chữ Hán form of vô (“don't, no need”). 毋
毓 Pictogram (象形) : 每 + 㐬 – a woman giving birth. A woman 每 squatting on left, with child head down on right 㐬. The top part of 㐬 is 子 inverted, an abstracted body with a head at the bottom; compare 充. The lines (川) below head are amniotic fluid coming out. \ A later alternative form is 育. \ Alternately considered a Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *luɡ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 每 (“woman”) + phonetic 𠫓 (, “child”) + semantic 川 (“amniotic fluid”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io̍k • Middle-Chinese : yuwk (formal) to give birth; to procreate; to foster; to rear; to bring up • a surname kyūjitai form of 育 毓 (eum 육 (yuk)) Hán-Nôm : dục 毓
毗 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bi) : semantic 囟 + phonetic 比 (OC *piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Middle-Chinese : bjij help • assist • connect • adjoin 毗 (eum 비 (bi)) help, assist • connect, adjoin Hán-Nôm : tì 毗
毽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 毛 (“feather”) + phonetic 建. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiàn ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : jin³⁻² shuttlecock used in jianzi sport ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 燕 (jin³⁻², “shuttlecock used in jianzi sport”) Hán-Nôm : kiện 毽
氐 Pictogram (象形) : 氏 (“(bowing figure)”) + 一 – as with 氏, but with an empty circle (then a line, today either a line or a point) underneath: a bowing figure standing on the ground or depicted while lifting something from the ground. ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : te • Middle-Chinese : tej ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : té ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓ • Middle-Chinese : trij Di (ethnic group) • (～宿) (Chinese astronomy) Root (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions) • Original form of 低 (dī, “to lower; to bow”). • Original form of 低 (dī, “cheap; inexpensive”). ‖ (literary) Original form of 柢 (dǐ, “root of a tree”). • (literary) Original form of 柢 (dǐ, “basis; fundamental”). • (literary) Original form of 抵 (dǐ, “to reach; to arrive”). • (literary) Original form of 抵 (dǐ, “to match; to be equal to”). ‖ Only used in 氐池 (“an ancient county”). ‖ 氐(てい) • (Tei) Di (ancient ethnic group in western China) ‖ (Chinese astronomy) Root, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions • (historical) Di: an ancient ethnic group in western China 氐 (eum 저 (jeo)) foundation; basis; origin Hán-Nôm : đê 氐
氖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 气 (“gas”) + phonetic 乃. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naai⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nái (chemistry) neon 氖 • (nae) · 氖 • (nae) (hangeul 내, revised nae, McCune–Reischauer nae, Yale nay) 氖
氟 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 气 (“gas”) + phonetic 弗. \ From earlier 弗氣／弗气, 弗素, which is probably an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 弗素, where 弗(ふつ) (futsu) was used phonetically. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hu̍t (chemistry) fluorine fluorine 氟 • (bul) · 氟 • (bul) (hangeul 불, revised bul, McCune–Reischauer pul, Yale pul) 氟
氤 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'jin (literary) misty and heavy atmosphere • Only used in 氤氳／氤氲 (yīnyūn). 氤 (eum 인 (in)) Hán-Nôm : nhân 氤
氦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 气 (“gas”) + phonetic 亥 (hài). \ Borrowed from New Latin helium. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǎi (chemistry) helium helium, He 氦 • (hae) · 氦 • (hae) (hangeul 해) helium 氦
氫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 气 (“air; gas”) + abbreviated phonetic 輕 (qīng, “light; of low density”). \ From 輕／轻 (qīng, “light; of low density”) in 輕氣／轻气 [19th c.]. So named as hydrogen gas is lighter than air. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khin (chemistry) hydrogen • hydrogen gas 氫 • (gyeong) · 氫 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng) Hán-Nôm : khinh 氫
氷 ‖ 氷(こおり) • (kōri) ^(←こほり (kofori)?) ‖ 氷(こおり) • (Kōri) ^(←こほり (kofori)?) ‖ 氷(ひ) • (hi) ‖ 氷(ひょう) • (hyō) ‖ ice (frozen water) • a cold and sharp object, as a shard of ice • Short for 氷水 (kōrimizu): ice water; water filled with ice • Short for 氷襲 (kōrigasane): layered clothing with the front shining white and plain white at the back ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ ice (frozen water) • hail (precipitated ice) ‖ ice • freeze, congeal • icy, cold 氷 (eumhun 얼음 빙 (eoreum bing)) hanja form of 빙 (“ice”) Hán-Nôm : băng 氷
汀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋs) : semantic 水 (“river”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋs) : semantic 水 (“river”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋs) : semantic 水 (“river”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ting¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thing • Middle-Chinese : theng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˋ • Middle-Chinese : thengH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥˋ islet; shore, sandbar, shoal, sandbank ‖ Only used in 汀瀅. ‖ Only used in 汀濘. ‖ beach, shore, water's edge ‖ 汀 (eumhun 물가 정 (mulga jeong)) hanja form of 정 (“shore”) Hán-Nôm : đênh • Hán-Nôm : đinh • Hán-Nôm : thinh 汀
汐 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljaːɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 夕 (OC *ljaːɡ). \ From 夕 (OC *ljaːɡ, “evening”). Compare 潮 (OC *r'ew, “morning tide; tide”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍k • Middle-Chinese : zjek evening tide; night tides; ebb eventide • tide • salt water • opportunity 汐 (eumhun 조수 석 (josu seok)) hanja form of 석 (“night tides”) Hán-Nôm : tách • Hán-Nôm : tịch 汐
汕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sreːnʔ, *sraːns) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 山 (OC *sreːn). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suànn • Middle-Chinese : sreanX • Middle-Chinese : sraenH (of fish) moving • basket for catching fish • to catch fish • to rinse • Short for 汕頭／汕头 (Shàntóu). 汕 • (san) · 汕 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san) Hán-Nôm : sươn • Hán-Nôm : sán • Hán-Nôm : sớn 汕
汚 ‖ 汚(お) • (o) ^(←を (wo)?) dirty • pollute • disgrace • rape • defile ‖ dirty 汚 (eumhun 더러울 오 (deoreoul o)) hanja form of 오 (“dirty”) Hán-Nôm : ô • Hán-Nôm : ố 汚
污 污 • (o) · 污 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o) Hán-Nôm : ô • Hán-Nôm : ố 污
汲 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯb) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 及 (OC *ɡrɯb). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kap¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khip • Middle-Chinese : kip to draw water from a well • Used in 汲取 (jíqǔ, “to draw (from a lesson, experience, etc.)”). • (obsolete) to guide; to assist • (obsolete) to nominate; to recommend a person • Used in 汲汲 (jíjí). • a surname (of water) to draw; to scoop; to ladle; to pump • (of feelings) to understand; to consider 汲 • (geup) · 汲 • (geup) (hangeul 급, revised geup, McCune–Reischauer kŭp, Yale kup) to draw water from a well canonical : 汲: Hán Việt readings: cấp 汲: Nôm readings: ngập • canonical : bập • canonical : gập 汲
汾 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯn) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hûn • Middle-Chinese : bjun (～河) river in Shanxi province 汾 • (bun) · 汾 • (bun) (hangeul 분, revised bun, McCune–Reischauer pun, Yale pun) Hán-Nôm : phần 汾
沅 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋon) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon). ‖ Simplified from 源 (原 → 元). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guân • Middle-Chinese : ngjwon ‖ (～江) Yuan River in Hunan province • (～州) name of prefecture during the reign of Wu Zetian ‖ 沅
沉 Variant of 沈, see there for more. \ MSEA areal etymon: similar words exist in Austroasiatic, Kra-Dai, & Tibeto-Burman; yet those are difficult to match with potential OC relations (Schuessler, 2007). \ Possible allofams are 淫 (OC *lɯm), 瀋 (OC *l̥ʰjɯmʔ), 函 (OC *ɡuːm, *ɡruːm), & 湛 (OC *ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um) (ibid.). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : têm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiām • Middle-Chinese : drim to sink; to submerge (into water) • to fall; to sink; to subside • to settle; to make sink • to suppress; to stifle; to neglect • to be neglected • to indulge in; to be given to • to hide; to be hidden • heavy; weighty • dark; gloomy • deep; profound • long (duration); prolonged; lengthy • deeply; profoundly • (Cantonese) Alternative form of 浸 (zam6, “to drown”) 沉 • (chim, sim) · 沉 • (chim, sim) (hangeul 침, 심, revised chim, sim, McCune–Reischauer ch'im, sim, Yale chim, sim) Hán-Nôm : tròm • Hán-Nôm : chằm • Hán-Nôm : chìm • Hán-Nôm : đắm • Hán-Nôm : đẫm • Hán-Nôm : ngằm • Hán-Nôm : ngầm • Hán-Nôm : trằm • Hán-Nôm : trầm • Hán-Nôm : đẵm 沉
沌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *donʔ, *duːn, *duːnʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *donʔ, *duːn, *duːnʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *donʔ, *duːn, *duːnʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tūn • Middle-Chinese : dwonX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun⁵ • Middle-Chinese : drjwenX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣˊ • Middle-Chinese : dwon benighted; ignorant • disorderly; chaotic ‖ (～河) Zhuan River (a river in Hubei) • Used in 沌口 (“name of an ancient county”). ‖ (of waves) billowing primeval chaos 沌 (eumhun 엉길 돈 (eonggil don)) hanja form of 돈 (“disorderly; chaotic”) Hán-Nôm : xộn 沌
没 ‖ 没(ぼつ) or 没(ボツ) • (botsu) ^(←ぼつ (botu)?) to sink, to be drowned • to hide • to die (synonym of 歿) ‖ rejected, unused canonical : 没: Hán Việt readings: một 没: Nôm readings: mốt • canonical : một ‖ romanization : một ‖ romanization : mốt ‖ Nôm form of một (“one”). ‖ Nôm form of mốt (“(only in compounds or fixed expressions) one; -one”). 没
沱 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːl, *l'aːlʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 它 (OC *l̥ʰaːl) ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁴ • Middle-Chinese : da ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ • Middle-Chinese : daX (dialectal) small bay in a river (also used in place names) • (～江) Tuojiang; Tuo River • tearful; wailing • rainy ‖ Used in compounds. 沱 • (ta) · 沱 • (ta) (hangeul 타, revised ta, McCune–Reischauer t'a, Yale tha) canonical : 沱: Hán Việt readings: đà 沱: Nôm readings: đà • canonical : đờ • canonical : đừ chữ Hán form of Đà (“the Black/Da River, a river in Vietnam”). • chữ Hán form of Đà (“the Tuo River in Sichuan or the river of the same name in Hunan”). 沱
泅 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lju) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 囚 (OC *lju). \ Possibly a dialectal variant of 游 (OC *lu, “to swim”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiû • Middle-Chinese : zjuw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡ to swim; to float; to wade ‖ Alternative form of 攸 (yōu, “(of water) flowing”) 泅 (eum 쉬 (swi)) Hán-Nôm : tù 泅
泓 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʷrɯːŋ) : 水 (“water”) + phonetic 弘 (OC *ɡʷɯːŋ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wang⁴ • Middle-Chinese : 'weang (of water) deep • Classifier for bodies of clear water. 泓 (eum 홍 (hong)) Hán-Nôm : hoằng 泓
泗 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljids) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 四 (OC *hljids). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sei³ • Middle-Chinese : sijH (literary) nasal mucus • sniffle • Si River (a river in Shandong, China) 泗 (eum 사 (sa)) Hán-Nôm : tứa 泗
泱 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iang • Middle-Chinese : 'jang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ong¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'angX (literary) vast; broad; deep; great; boundless • (literary, of clouds or water) rising; surging; rushing; momentous ‖ Used in compounds. 泱 (eum 앙 (ang)) Hán-Nôm : ương 泱
洱 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯʔ, *njɯs) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 耳 (OC *njɯʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄦˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁵ • Middle-Chinese : nyiX • Middle-Chinese : nyiH Hán-Nôm : nhĩ 洱
洶 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiong • Middle-Chinese : xjowng • Middle-Chinese : xjowngX (of waves) turbulent; tempestuous • roaring; uproarious 洶 (eum 흉 (hyung)) Hán-Nôm : húng 洶
浅 Simplified from 淺 (戔 → 戋) shallow • superficial • frivolous • wretched • shameful 浅
浚 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sluns) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sluns) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon³ • Middle-Chinese : swinH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³ • Middle-Chinese : swinH (alt. form 濬) to dredge; to deepen; dig deep (a waterway, well, etc.) • to dredge; to unearth • to extract; to exploit • (alt. form 濬) deep; profound ‖ Used in place names. 浚 • (jun) · 浚 • (jun) (hangeul 준, revised jun, McCune–Reischauer chun, Yale cwun) Hán-Nôm : tuấn 浚
浬 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞˇ ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi² lei⁵ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ (dated) nautical mile ‖ Only used in 泥浬. ‖ 浬(り) • (ri) nautical mile (unit of distance) • knot (unit of speed) ‖ a nautical mile: the length of roughly one minute of latitude, 1,852 meters 浬 • (ri>i) · 浬 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i) Hán-Nôm : rí • Hán-Nôm : lí 浬
涇 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡeŋʔ, *keːŋ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khēng • Middle-Chinese : keng • Middle-Chinese : gjiengX the Jing River (China) 涇 (eum 경 (gyeong)) Hán-Nôm : kinh • Hán-Nôm : kênh • Hán-Nôm : kính 涇
涌 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung¹ (Cantonese) small river (often in place names) Alternative form of 湧 涌 • (yong) · 涌 • (yong) (hangeul 용, revised yong, McCune–Reischauer yong, Yale yong) Hán-Nôm : dũng • Hán-Nôm : dõng • Hán-Nôm : dòng 涌
涎 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljan, *lans) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 延 (OC *lan, *lans). \ Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Chug har (“phlegm”), Lish hahal (“phlegm”), Rupa Sherdukpen nəkʰɔ̃ː (“phlegm”), Japhug tɯɴɢar (“sputum”) (Bodt, 2021). Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *(s-)lan, compares it to Tibetan ཟླན (zlan, “moisture”). \ Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) relates it to Thai น้ำลาย (náam-laai), which is derived from Proto-Tai *laːjᴬ (“saliva”). \ Possibly related to 羨 (OC *ljans, “to envy”) (Wang, 1982; also cf. Baxter and Sagart, 2014). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iân • Middle-Chinese : zjen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : yenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ saliva ‖ Only used in 湎涎. ‖ Only used in 涎涎. ‖ 涎(よだり) • (yodari) ‖ 涎(よだれ) • (yodare) drool, slobber, saliva ‖ (archaic) snot: nasal mucus hanging or oozing out from the nose • (archaic) drool, slobber: saliva hanging or oozing out from the mouth ‖ (archaic) drool, slobber: saliva hanging or oozing out from the mouth 涎 (eum 연 (yeon)) Hán-Nôm : diên • Hán-Nôm : nhiện 涎
涓 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuan • Middle-Chinese : kwen (literary) brook; stream • (literary) tiny; negligible • (literary) to choose; to select • (literary) to clean; to clear 涓 • (yeon) · 涓 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, Yale yen) Hán-Nôm : quen • Hán-Nôm : quên • Hán-Nôm : quyên 涓
涸 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 固 (OC *kaːs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khok • Middle-Chinese : hak (of bodies of water) dry • (of bodies of water) to dry up 涸 (eum 후 (hu)) · 涸 (eum 학 (hak)) Hán-Nôm : hạt 涸
淄 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu Zi River, a river in Shandong province 淄 (eum 치 (chi)) Hán-Nôm : chuy • Hán-Nôm : truy 淄
淅 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *seːɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 析 (OC *seːɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Middle-Chinese : sek (formal) to wash rice • a surname 淅 (eum 석 (seok)) Hán-Nôm : tích 淅
淇 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 其 (OC *kɯ, *ɡɯ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gi (～水) The name of a river that originates in Henan. • (～河, ～水) The name of a branch of the Hai River. • (～河) The name of a branch of the Han River. • (～縣) Qi County, Hebi, Henan Province 淇 • (gi) · 淇 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki) Hán-Nôm : kì 淇
淒 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Middle-Chinese : tshej ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshe̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshē chilly; cold; frigid • (alt. form 悽) miserable; sorrowful; sad ‖ (Hokkien) to go downhill; to decline; to be on the wane • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to suspend 淒 • (cheo) · 淒 • (cheo) (hangeul 처, revised cheo, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏ, Yale che) Hán-Nôm : thê 淒
淙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zuːŋ, *sruːŋs, *zuːŋ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 宗 (OC *ʔsuːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thong • Middle-Chinese : dzowng • Middle-Chinese : dzraewng • Middle-Chinese : sraewngH gurgling sound of water 淙 (eum 종 (jong)) Hán-Nôm : tong • Hán-Nôm : tông 淙
淞 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰloŋ, *sɢloŋ) : semantic 氵 (“river”) + phonetic 松 (OC *sɢloŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sung¹ • Middle-Chinese : zjowng • Middle-Chinese : sjowng 淞 • (song) · 淞 • (song) (hangeul 송, revised song, McCune–Reischauer song, Yale song) 淞
淪 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *run) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 侖 (OC *run). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lûn • Middle-Chinese : lwin ripple; small waves • to sink; to become submerged; to be engulfed • to sink (into ruin); to decline; to fall • to be lost; to disappear; to become nothing ripples • sink 淪 • (ryun>yun, non) · 淪 • (ryun>yun, non) (hangeul 륜>윤, 논, revised ryun>yun, non, McCune–Reischauer ryun>yun, non, Yale lyun>yun, non) Hán-Nôm : lún 淪
淵 Originally 𣶒 in oracle bone script; Pictogram (象形) of a basin with water. Bronze inscriptions added vertical strokes resembling riverbanks around the character, and the semantic component 氵. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ian • Middle-Chinese : 'wen abyss; deep water • deep; profound • a surname abyss • edge • deep pool 淵 (eumhun 못 연 (mot yeon)) hanja form of 연 (“abyss”) Hán-Nôm : uyên 淵
渙 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huàn • Middle-Chinese : xwajH • Middle-Chinese : xwanH to dissipate; to dissolve • (literary) to issue imperial edicts • (literary) overflowing; brimming • 59th hexagram of the I Ching scatter 渙 (eum 환 (hwan)) scatter • scattered, dispersed Hán-Nôm : hoán 渙
渚 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsú • Middle-Chinese : tsyoX islet; small landmass in water • waterside; beach ‖ 渚(なぎさ) • (nagisa) ‖ 渚(なぎさ) • (Nagisa) ‖ 渚(みぎわ) • (migiwa) ^(←みぎは (migifa)?) ‖ 渚(みぎわ) • (Migiwa) ^(←みぎは (migifa)?) strand, beach, shore ‖ the water's edge: · beach • the water's edge: · shore • the water's edge: · bank (as of a river or stream) ‖ a place name • a surname • a male or female given name ‖ the water's edge: · beach • the water's edge: · shore • the water's edge: · bank (as of a river or stream) ‖ a female given name 渚 (eumhun 물가 저 (mulga jeo)) hanja form of 저 (“shore”) Hán-Nôm : chã 渚
渥 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qroːɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 屋 (OC *qoːɡ). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ok • Middle-Chinese : 'aewk ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ak (literary) to moisten; to soak • (literary) deep; rich; strong; thick • (archaic) glossy; dyed • (literary) to enrich ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 沃 moisten, make moist • kind, cordial • glossy 渥 (eum 악 (ak)) Hán-Nôm : ốc 渥
渭 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢuds) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 胃 (OC *ɢuds) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uī • Middle-Chinese : hjw+jH (～河) the Wei River 渭 • (wi) · 渭 • (wi) (hangeul 위, revised wi, McCune–Reischauer wi, Yale wi) Hán-Nôm : vây • Hán-Nôm : vấy • Hán-Nôm : vị • Hán-Nôm : vơi • Hán-Nôm : vời 渭
渾 Characters in the same phonetic series (軍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ) : semantic 氵 (“river”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (軍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ) : semantic 氵 (“river”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (軍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ) : semantic 氵 (“river”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hûn • Middle-Chinese : hwon ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwonX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan² (obsolete) sound of spouting water • muddy; turbid • foolish; stupid • simple and natural; unsophisticated • whole; complete • (literary) totally • (literary) still • name of several rivers • Short for 吐谷渾／吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún). • a surname ‖ large • to mix; to muddle • simple; plain • pure • Short for 渾天／浑天. • Short for 渾天儀／浑天仪 (húntiānyí). ‖ Only used in 渾渾／浑浑 (gǔngǔn, “alternative form of 滾滾; rolling along”). • to fall all • turbidity 渾 • (hon) · 渾 • (hon) (hangeul 혼, revised hon, McCune–Reischauer hon, Yale hon) muddy, turbid • blend, merge, mix Hán-Nôm : hồn • Hán-Nôm : hỗn 渾
湊 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰoːs) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 奏 (OC *ʔsoːs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshòo • Middle-Chinese : tshuwH to gather together; to assemble • to approach; to come closer; to draw near • to be close; to be near • to happen by chance • (Cantonese) to look after; to babysit ‖ 湊(みなと) • (Minato) port, harbor • to gather together, to congregate ‖ a surname 湊 (eum 주 (ju)) Hán-Nôm : tấu 湊
湍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰoːn, *tjon) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 耑 (OC *toːn). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : teon¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tyun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuan • Middle-Chinese : thwan • Middle-Chinese : tsywen 湍 (eum 단 (dan)) Hán-Nôm : suyền • Hán-Nôm : đoan • Hán-Nôm : thoan • Hán-Nôm : thoăn • Hán-Nôm : thuân 湍
湔 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsian • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiân • Middle-Chinese : dzen • Middle-Chinese : tsen • Middle-Chinese : tsjen • Middle-Chinese : tsjenH (literary) to wash, to clean; to cleanse • (literary) to redress (a wrong) • Alternative form of 濺／溅 (“to splash”) • soak • Used in 湔江 (“name of a river in Sichuan province”). wash • rinse 湔 (eum 전 (jeon)) wash • cleanse • purge Hán-Nôm : tiễn 湔
湛 Characters in the same phonetic series (甚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (甚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (甚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǎm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsim • Middle-Chinese : dreamX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tam • Middle-Chinese : tom ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sîm • Middle-Chinese : drim profound • clear • a surname ‖ happy; joyful ‖ 湛 • (dam, chim) · 湛 • (dam, chim) (hangeul 담, 침, revised dam, chim, McCune–Reischauer tam, ch'im, Yale tam, chim) Hán-Nôm : đậm • Hán-Nôm : giặm • Hán-Nôm : sậm • Hán-Nôm : sặm • Hán-Nôm : thấm • Hán-Nôm : trạm • Hán-Nôm : xạm • Hán-Nôm : xẩm 湛
湮 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qiːn, *qin) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 垔 (OC *qin). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'jin • Middle-Chinese : 'en (literary) to inundate; to sink; to bury; to cover up; to fall into oblivion • (literary) to clog up; to block up; to stop sink 湮 • (in) · 湮 • (in) (hangeul 인) Hán-Nôm : yên 湮
湾 Simplified from 灣 (彎 → 弯). ‖ 湾(わん) • (wan) bay, gulf • bend, curve (replacing 彎) ‖ (geography) bay, gulf, inlet 湾
湿 damp • wet • moist 湿
溘 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Middle-Chinese : khop ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄞˋ • Middle-Chinese : khajH (literary) abruptly; suddenly; unexpectedly • (literary) to rely on; to cover ‖ ^‡ sudden • unexpected 溘 • (hap) · 溘 • (hap) (hangeul 합, revised hap, McCune–Reischauer hap, Yale hap) Hán-Nôm : hụp 溘
溥 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːʔ, *paːɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 尃 (OC *pʰa). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːʔ, *paːɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 尃 (OC *pʰa). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phó • Middle-Chinese : phuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Middle-Chinese : pak big; great; vast; wide • widespread; universal ‖ name of a river 溥 • (bu, bak) · 溥 • (bu, bak) (hangeul 부, 박, revised bu, bak, McCune–Reischauer pu, pak, Yale pu, pak) Hán-Nôm : phổ 溥
溫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːn) : semantic 水 + phonetic 𥁕 (OC *quːn). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : un • Middle-Chinese : 'won (of temperature) lukewarm; warm • to warm up; to raise the temperature of • to revise; to review; to go over; to brush up • (chiefly in compounds) temperature • tepid; mild; soft; tender; gentle • irresolute; indecisive; weak • a surname: Wen • Alternative form of 瘟 (wēn) ‖ 溫(おん) • (On) ^(←をん (won)?) lukewarm • warm • tepid • mild ‖ a female given name 溫 (eumhun 따뜻할 온 (ttatteuthal on)) hanja form of 온 (“warm”) • hanja form of 온 (“heat up”) Hán-Nôm : ôn lukewarm (variant of 温) 溫
溼 溼
滂 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːŋ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 旁 (OC *baːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːŋ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 旁 (OC *baːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phōng • Middle-Chinese : phang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥ (of water) torrential; rushing • voluminous • (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 滂 (MC phang) ‖ Only used in 滂濞 (pēngpì) and 滂湃. 滂 • (bang) · 滂 • (bang) (hangeul 방, revised bang, McCune–Reischauer pang, Yale pang) Hán-Nôm : bẵng • Hán-Nôm : bàng • Hán-Nôm : phang • Hán-Nôm : phẳng 滂
滄 Characters in the same phonetic series (倉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːŋ, *sʰraŋs) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshong • Middle-Chinese : tshang (literary) blue; dark green (of water) • (literary) vast (of water) • (literary) cold; cool • Alternative form of 蒼／苍 (“grey”) 滄 • (chang) · 滄 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang, Yale chang) Hán-Nôm : thương 滄
滌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːwɢ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 條 (OC *l'ɯːw). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k • Middle-Chinese : dek to wash; to cleanse • to sweep; to clean up • to eliminate; to remove 滌 • (cheok) · 滌 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek) Hán-Nôm : địch • Hán-Nôm : sạch 滌
滓 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsrɯʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 宰 (OC *ʔsɯːʔ). Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsáinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lái • Middle-Chinese : tsriX dregs; sediment; residue ‖ 滓(かす) or 滓(カス) • (kasu) ‖ dregs; refuse; scum 滓 • (jae) · 滓 • (jae) (hangeul 재, revised jae, McCune–Reischauer chae, Yale cay) Hán-Nôm : chỉ • Hán-Nôm : trể 滓
滞 a state of stopping; stagnate 滞
滬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaːʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 扈 (OC *ɡʷaːʔ). \ Probably a derivation from 互 (OC *ɡaːs, “intertwining”) (Schuessler, 2007). 扈 (OC *ɡʷaːʔ, “to stop; to prevent”) may be the same word (ibid.). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǒo • Middle-Chinese : huX weir; bamboo fence for catching fish • Shanghai • a surname 滬 • (ho) · 滬 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho) Hán-Nôm : hộ • Hán-Nôm : hỗ 滬
滲 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siàm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sìm • Middle-Chinese : srimH to seep; to infiltrate to soak through, to infiltrate 滲 (eum 삼 (sam)) Hán-Nôm : rướm 滲
滾 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kluːnʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 袞 (OC *kluːnʔ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kún to roll; to turn; to rotate • (of a flood) to flow at great speed • to boil (bubble and turn to vapour) • (Cantonese, Gan, Hakka) boiling hot; scalding hot • (dialectal Hakka) hot; high in temperature (in general) • (chiefly as imperative, derogatory, colloquial, dismissal) to go away; to scram; to beat it; to get out • to roll along or about (in snow or flour); to get bigger • extremely; very • (sewing) to use a narrow piece of cut fabric to create an edge • a surname: Gun 滾 (eum 곤 (gon)) Hán-Nôm : củn • Hán-Nôm : cổn • Hán-Nôm : cuộn • Hán-Nôm : ngổn 滾
漕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zluː, *zluːs) : phonetic 曹 (OC *zluː) + semantic 氵 (“water”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsô • Middle-Chinese : dzaw • Middle-Chinese : dzawH to transport grain by water • canal; waterway rowing • scull • paddle 漕 (eum 조 (jo)) Hán-Nôm : tảo 漕
漣 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ren) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 連 (OC *ren) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liân • Middle-Chinese : ljen • Middle-Chinese : ljenH (of water) ripple • appearance of continuous weeping • (～水) river in Hunan province ‖ ripple • (of tears) continuously flowing ‖ 漣 (eum 련 (ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 연 (yeon)) canonical : 漣: Hán Việt readings: liên 漣: Nôm readings: trơn • canonical : lăn • canonical : liên 漣
漩 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suân ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : suān eddy, whirlpool ‖ (Southern Min, of liquid) to splash; to spray (from a small hole) • (Southern Min) to piss; to pee; to urinate • (Southern Min, figurative) to insult 漩
漪 See 漣漪／涟漪 (liányī). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Middle-Chinese : 'je Short for 漣漪／涟漪 (liányī). • Alternative form of 猗 ripple 漪 (eum 의 (ui)) Hán-Nôm : y 漪
漲 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taŋ, *taŋʔ, *taŋs) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 張 (OC *taŋ, *taŋs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taŋ, *taŋʔ, *taŋs) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 張 (OC *taŋ, *taŋs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taŋ, *taŋʔ, *taŋs) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 張 (OC *taŋ, *taŋs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiùnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiònn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiáng • Middle-Chinese : trjang • Middle-Chinese : trjangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiùnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiònn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàng • Middle-Chinese : trjang • Middle-Chinese : trjangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤ • Middle-Chinese : trjang to rise; to go up; to increase ‖ Alternative form of 脹／胀 (zhàng, “to swell; to distend”) • to be filled • (Mainland China) to exceed by • a surname ‖ Alternative name for 南海 (Nánhǎi, “South Sea”). 漲 (eum 창 (chang)) Hán-Nôm : trướng • Hán-Nôm : nhướng 漲
漳 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kjaŋ) : semantic 水 + phonetic 章 (OC *kjaŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong • Middle-Chinese : tsyang (～河) Zhang River (river flowing from Shanxi to Hebei) • (～江) Zhang River (river in Fujian) • Short for 漳州 (Zhāngzhōu). • a surname 漳 • (jang) · 漳 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang) 漳
漿 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaŋ) : phonetic 將 (OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs) + semantic 水 (“water”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaŋ) : phonetic 將 (OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs) + semantic 水 (“water”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiaunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiang • Middle-Chinese : tsjang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˋ (obsolete) an ancient sour drink • thick fluid (in general) • drink; beverage; juice • rice water; broth • paste; starch • to soak washed clothes in rice water to make them smooth and stiff after drying; to starch • (dialectal) soy milk • (Cantonese) to be covered by thick fluid ‖ Alternative form of 糨 (jiàng) rice water, broth, gruel • drinkstuff 漿 • (jang) · 漿 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang) Hán-Nôm : tương 漿
潑 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : put³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuat • Middle-Chinese : phat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ to pour; to splash • to submerge; to drown • to brew (tea); to make (tea) • wild and unreasonable • fierce and bold • bad; poor • (Hokkien, intransitive) to splatter; to splash • (Xiamen Hokkien) to fan • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) Classifier for short periods of an event. ‖ Only used in 潑潑／泼泼 (bōbō, “wiggling of fish's tail”). pour • splash • water • sprinkle • violent • malignant 潑 (eumhun 물뿌릴 발 (mulppuril bal)) sprinkle water • fierce Hán-Nôm : bát 潑
潜 潜 • (jam) · 潜 • (jam) (hangeul 잠, revised jam, McCune–Reischauer cham, Yale cam) 潜
潦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːwʔ, *reːws) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 尞 (). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːwʔ, *reːws) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 尞 (). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːwʔ, *reːws) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 尞 (). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ló • Hokkien · Tai-lo : láu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁵ • Middle-Chinese : lawX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁶ • Middle-Chinese : lawH Used in 潦倒 (liáodǎo) and 潦草 (liáocǎo). • Alternative form of 燎 (“to burn; to scald”) ‖ heavy rain • (of rain) heavy; torrential • puddle; accumulated water ‖ flooded; inundated • flooding • to flood heavy rain 潦 • (ryo>yo) · 潦 • (ryo>yo) (hangeul 료>요, revised ryo>yo, McCune–Reischauer ryo>yo, Yale lyo>yo) Hán-Nôm : lẻo 潦
潸 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : san • Middle-Chinese : sraen • Middle-Chinese : sraenX (literary) tearful • (literary) to shed tears 潸 • (san) · 潸 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san) 潸
潺 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshan • Middle-Chinese : dzrean • Middle-Chinese : dzrjen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan⁴ The sound or appearance of flowing water. Used in compounds. ‖ (Cantonese) slime; mucus • (Matsu Eastern Eastern Min) spring water, water from the ground or from cracks in rocks 潺 • (jan) · 潺 • (jan) (hangeul 잔, revised jan, McCune–Reischauer chan, Yale can) Hán-Nôm : sờn • Hán-Nôm : sàn • Hán-Nôm : sớn 潺
潼 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Middle-Chinese : duwng • Middle-Chinese : tsyhowng high, lofty • damp • Tong Pass (潼關) • Tong River (潼河) 潼 • (dong) · 潼 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune–Reischauer tong, Yale tong) 潼
澀 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *srɯb) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 歰 (OC *srɯb, “rough; not smooth”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sap¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gip³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sip • Middle-Chinese : srip (of surfaces) rough; unsmooth • astringent; acerbic; tart • (of writing) hard to understand; obscure; not flowing • (of speech) ineloquent; sluggish • (Southern Min) stingy; miserly Alternative form of 渋 Hán-Nôm : sáp • Hán-Nôm : xát 澀
澆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋkeːw, *ŋeːws) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiâu • Middle-Chinese : kew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ngewH to pour (liquid) • to irrigate (using a waterwheel) • to water; to sprinkle • to cast; to shape metal; to mold • (literary, or in compounds) frivolous; disrespectful; discourteous ‖ Used in personal names. 澆 • (yo) · 澆 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo) Hán-Nôm : nhão • Hán-Nôm : kiêu • Hán-Nôm : nghiêu 澆
澗 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːns, *kraːns) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 閒 (OC *ɡreːn) \ Semantic loan from Dutch gang (“alleyway, alley, narrow street”) for the sense of alleyway, alley, narrow street. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàn • Middle-Chinese : kaenH brook between mountains; mountain stream • a numeral that refers to 10³⁶ or others • (historical, Hokkien) alleyway, alley, narrow street ‖ 澗(かん) • (kan) ‖ undecillion, a number of 10³⁶ in modern Japanese since 17th century. 澗 (eumhun 산골 물 간 (san'gol mul gan)) hanja form of 간 (“mountain stream”) Hán-Nôm : giản 澗
澧 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 豊 (OC *riːʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁵ • Middle-Chinese : lejX (～水) Lishui River (a river in Hunan, China) • (～河, ～水) Lihe River (a river in Henan, China) • (～縣) Li County (a county of Hunan) • Alternative form of 醴 (lǐ, “sweet”) • a surname 澧 • (rye>ye) · 澧 • (rye>ye) (hangeul 례>예, revised rye>ye, McCune–Reischauer rye>ye, Yale lyey>yey) 澧
澱 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiān • Middle-Chinese : denH to settle; to precipitate • sediment; dregs 澱 • (jeon) · 澱 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen) Hán-Nôm : điến • Hán-Nôm : điện 澱
澹 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːm, *daːmʔ, *daːms) : semantic 水 + phonetic 詹 (OC *tjam). \ Related to 淡 (OC *l'aːm, *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms, *lamʔ). ‖ ‖ ‖ Possibly from Austroasiatic; compare Vietnamese đầm (“swamp; to be soaking; be sopping wet”) (Norman and Mei, 1976). Also compare Proto-Tai *domᴬ (“wet”), whence Zhuang dumz (“wet; soaked”) (Yue-Hashimoto, 1976). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daam⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taam⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǎm • Middle-Chinese : damX • Middle-Chinese : damH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâm • Middle-Chinese : dam ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâm calm and indifferent to fame and fortune • quiet; tranquil • light (of taste); insipid • (of water) to ripple • a surname ‖ Only used in 澹臺／澹台 (Tántái, “a surname”). ‖ Only used in 澹林. ‖ (dialectal Eastern Min, Southern Min, Puxian Min) wet; damp; moist 澹 • (dam, seom) · 澹 • (dam, seom) (hangeul 담, 섬, revised dam, seom, McCune–Reischauer tam, sŏm, Yale tam, sem) Hán-Nôm : đam • Hán-Nôm : đàm • Hán-Nôm : đạm 澹
濂 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·reːm) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 廉 (OC *ɡ·rem) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâm a waterfall • A river in Hunan 濂 • (ryeom>yeom) · 濂 • (ryeom>yeom) (hangeul 렴>염, revised ryeom>yeom, McCune–Reischauer ryŏm>yŏm, Yale lyem>yem) Hán-Nôm : nhèm 濂
濘 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : líng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līng • Middle-Chinese : nengX • Middle-Chinese : nejH • Middle-Chinese : nengH mud • miry, muddy, stagnant 濘 • (nyeong>yeong) · 濘 • (nyeong>yeong) (hangeul 녕>영, revised nyeong>yeong, McCune–Reischauer nyŏng>yŏng, Yale nyeng>yeng) Hán-Nôm : ninh • Hán-Nôm : nính 濘
濛 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bông • Middle-Chinese : muwng • Middle-Chinese : muwngX drizzling, misty, raining 濛 (eum 몽 (mong)) Hán-Nôm : mông 濛
濠 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːw) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 豪 (OC *ɡaːw). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hô • Middle-Chinese : haw moat; trench; ditch ‖ 濠(ごう) • (gō) ^(←がう (gau)?) ‖ 濠(ほり) • (hori) moat, trench • (abbreviation) Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as its precursor colony in the British Empire) • (abbreviation) (geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands) ‖ moat, trench ‖ ditch, canal • moat 濠 (eum 호 (ho)) Hán-Nôm : hào 濠
濡 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njo, *noːn) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Middle-Chinese : nyu • Middle-Chinese : nwan immerse, moisten • wet, damp • Used in 濡忍. wet 濡 (eum 유 (yu)) Hán-Nôm : nhụa 濡
濤 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *duː, *duː) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 壽 (OC *djuʔ, *djus). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Middle-Chinese : daw billows; large waves • sound of the sea waves, billows 濤 (eumhun 물결 도 (mulgyeol do)) hanja form of 도 (“waves”) Hán-Nôm : đào 濤
濬 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³ • Middle-Chinese : swinH (alt. form 浚) to dredge; to dig (a waterway, well, etc.) • (alt. form 浚) deep; profound • ^† to enlighten; to elucidate; to clear up 濬 (eum 준 (jun)) Hán-Nôm : tuấn 濬
濱 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pin) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 賓 (OC *mpin) \ According to Schuessler (2007), this is a Southeast Asian etymon. Compare Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *te(m)biŋ (“border, edge, shore, bank”) & Proto-Monic *t(r)mɓaɲ (“rim, edge; lips”). \ Unclear, if possible, connection with Tibeto-Burman lexical items: Lepcha ᰓᰧᰶ (bí, “edge, border”) & ᰜᰤᰴ ᰓᰧᰶ (lyaŋ bí, “utmost limit of a place”); Tibetan ཕྱི (phyi) ~ ཕྱིན (phyin, “outside”) (unless the Tibetan items belong to 比 (OC *piʔ, “behind > outside?”)) (ibid.). \ 瀕 (OC *pin, *bin) is possibly its endopassive derivative. 墳 (OC -) ~ 濆 (OC *pʰɯːn, *bɯn) is possibly its vocalic variant (ibid.). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin • Middle-Chinese : pjin shore; beach; coast; bank • to border on; to be adjacent to • (obsolete) Alternative form of 瀕／濒 (bīn, “imminent; about to; nearly”) • (literary) border; edge ‖ 濱(はま) • (hama) ‖ beach, seashore 濱 (eumhun 물가 빈 (mulga bin)) Hán-Nôm : tân 濱
濺 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsens, *ʔseːn) : semantic 水 (“walk”) + phonetic 賤 (OC *zlens). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsens, *ʔseːn) : semantic 水 (“walk”) + phonetic 賤 (OC *zlens). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiān • Middle-Chinese : tsjenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsen to splash; to splatter ‖ Used in 濺濺／溅溅 (jiānjiān) 濺 • (cheon) · 濺 • (cheon) (hangeul 천) Hán-Nôm : tiên • Hán-Nôm : tiễn 濺
濾 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ras) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 慮 (OC *ras). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī to strain out; to filter filter, strain 濾 • (ryeo>yeo) · 濾 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye) Hán-Nôm : lự 濾
瀆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : duk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍k • Middle-Chinese : duwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau⁶ (literary) ditch; sluice; gutter; drain • (literary) great river; large river • (literary) to show disrespect or contempt, to be rude to, to annoy, to profane ‖ Alternative form of 竇／窦 (dòu, “opening; hole”) ditch • sluice • gutter, drain • blaspheme, pollute 瀆 (eum 독 (dok)) ditch • pollute Hán-Nôm : độc 瀆
瀉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sjaːʔ, *sjaːɡs) : semantic 水 + phonetic 寫 (OC *sjaːʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sià • Middle-Chinese : sjaeX • Middle-Chinese : sjaeH to pour out; to flow rapidly; to pour down • to leak; to drain off • to have loose bowels; to have diarrhea • to plummet • (Hakka) to break; to smash ‖ evacuation ‖ 瀉 (eum 사 (sa)) drain off, leak • flow, pour down Hán-Nôm : tả • Hán-Nôm : dã • Hán-Nôm : tã 瀉
瀋 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰjɯmʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 審 (OC *hljɯmʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sím • Middle-Chinese : tsyhimX (obsolete) liquid; juice • to pour • Short for 瀋陽／沈阳 (Shěnyáng). 瀋 • (sim) · 瀋 • (sim) (hangeul 심, revised sim, McCune–Reischauer sim, Yale sim) Hán-Nôm : thẩm • Hán-Nôm : thẳm • Hán-Nôm : thấm • Hán-Nôm : thẫm • Hán-Nôm : thỏm • Hán-Nôm : thủm • Hán-Nôm : trầm 瀋
瀏 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·ru, *m·ruʔ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 劉 (OC *m·ru). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·ru, *m·ruʔ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 劉 (OC *m·ru). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liû • Middle-Chinese : ljuw • Middle-Chinese : ljuwX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡ ^† (of water) clear; deep ‖ Alternative form of 溜 (“to sneak off”) clear 瀏 • (ryu>yu) · 瀏 • (ryu>yu) (hangeul 류>유, revised ryu>yu, McCune–Reischauer ryu>yu, Yale lyu>yu) Hán-Nôm : lưu 瀏
瀕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pin, *bin) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 頻 (OC *bin). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin water's edge; waterside • to be close to; to border on • approach; near; be on verge of 瀕 (eum 빈 (bin)) Hán-Nôm : tần 瀕
瀚 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːns) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 翰 (OC *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hān • Middle-Chinese : hanH vast; wide; extensive 瀚 • (han) · 瀚 • (han) (hangeul 한, revised han, McCune–Reischauer han, Yale han) Hán-Nôm : hãn • Hán-Nôm : hạn 瀚
瀛 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *leŋ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 嬴 (OC *leŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng • Middle-Chinese : yeng (archaic, or in compounds) ocean; sea • (obsolete) marsh • a surname 瀛 (eum 영 (yeong)) sea Hán-Nôm : doanh 瀛
瀝 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 歷 (OC *reːɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 歷 (OC *reːɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 歷 (OC *reːɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lik⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Middle-Chinese : lek ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lik¹ • Middle-Chinese : lek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lek⁶ • Middle-Chinese : lek to drip; to trickle • drop; drip • sediment of wine; dregs ‖ Used in 瀝源／沥源 (“Lek Yuen, Hong Kong”). ‖ Used in 大瀝／大沥 (Dàlì, “Dali, Guangdong”). dropping 瀝 • (ryeok>yeok) · 瀝 • (ryeok>yeok) (hangeul 력>역, revised ryeok>yeok, McCune–Reischauer ryŏk>yŏk, Yale lyek>yek) Hán-Nôm : lạch 瀝
瀟 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɯːw) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 蕭 (OC *sɯːw). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siau (of water) deep and clear • (～水) Xiao River (a river in Hunan, China) 瀟 (eum 소 (so)) Hán-Nôm : tiêu 瀟
瀨 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːds) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 賴 (OC *raːds). \ As this word appeared in texts about ancient Eastern Yue (now Min) area and Chen Zan remarked that it was a Wu-Yue word, Schuessler (2007) speculates that it has Austroasiatic origin, comparing it to Wa-Lawa-Bulang *rah "rapids, waterfall" & Old Khmer rat (“to move swiftly, to run”), possibly derived from a root meaning "swift". Proto-Min *l̥aiꟲ is identical to Proto-Tai *hla:iᴮ¹. \ Possibly unrelated to 濿 (OC *m·rads) "a ford". ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nāi • Middle-Chinese : lajH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : laai⁶ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : luah rapids; swift current ‖ (Cantonese) to pass (urine or feces) involuntarily ‖ (Zhangzhou Hokkien) area with torrential waters steeply falling onto the riverbed swift current • rapids 瀨 (eumhun 여울 뢰 (yeoul roe), word-initial (South Korea) 여울 뇌 (yeoul noe)) hanja form of 뢰/뇌 (“rapids”) 瀨
瀰 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Middle-Chinese : mjie • Middle-Chinese : mjieX • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊ • Middle-Chinese : nejX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Middle-Chinese : mjie • Middle-Chinese : mjieX • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊ • Middle-Chinese : nejX (of water) full; overflowing; deep; expansive • (alt. form 彌／弥) full ‖ (obsolete) flow 瀰 (eum 미 (mi)) Hán-Nôm : di full 瀰
瀾 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːns) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 闌 (OC *ɡ·raːn). \ 浪 (làng, “wave”) may be a colloquial variant. Phonetically too distant to be related to Thai คลื่น (klʉ̂ʉn, “wave”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ ‖ A dialectal variant of 涎 (OC *ljan, “saliva”) in the South (Schuessler, 2007; Xu and Iwata, 2014). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lân • Middle-Chinese : lan ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǎn • Middle-Chinese : lanH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuǎ wave; billow • ripple • to surge; to swell • ^† Alternative form of 灡／𬉠 (lán, “water from washed rice”) ‖ Used in 瀾漫／澜漫 and 瀾汗／澜汗. ‖ (chiefly Hakka, Min, Southern Wu) saliva large waves 瀾 (eumhun 물결 란 (mulgyeol ran), word-initial (South Korea) 물결 난 (mulgyeol nan)) hanja form of 란/난 (“wave”) Hán-Nôm : lan 瀾
灑 ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sèe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sè • Middle-Chinese : sreaX • Middle-Chinese : sraeX • Middle-Chinese : srjeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˇ • Middle-Chinese : srjeX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕ • Middle-Chinese : srjeX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ to sprinkle; to splash • to scatter; to throw • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 洗 • Alternative form of 蓰 ‖ Alternative form of 釃／酾 • Used in 離灑／离洒. ‖ cold • terrified ‖ Only used in 淋灑／淋洒. pour • sprinkle • wash • purify • be clean/refreshed 灑 • (sae, swae) · 灑 • (sae, swae) (hangeul 새, 쇄, revised sae, swae, McCune–Reischauer sae, swae, Yale say, sway) Hán-Nôm : sái • Hán-Nôm : rợi • Hán-Nôm : tẩy • Hán-Nôm : thối 灑
灘 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns, *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 難 (OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : than • Middle-Chinese : than ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : xanX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : nanH shoal • beach • Classifier for liquid or paste spread over a surface: pool; puddle ‖ ‖ ‖ 灘(なだ) • (nada) ‖ area of a sea or an ocean with strong winds or surging waves; rough sea 灘 (eumhun 여울 탄 (yeoul tan)) hanja form of 탄 (“shoal”) Hán-Nôm : than 灘
灣 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qroːn) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 彎 (OC *qroːn) – a type of water. \ Cognate with 彎 (OC *qroːn, “bend; curve”) (Wang, 1982). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uân • Middle-Chinese : 'waen (geography) bend in a river • (geography) bay; gulf • (regional, nautical) to berth; to anchor; to moor • a surname Kyūjitai form of 湾 灣 (eumhun 물굽이 만 (mulgubi man)) hanja form of 만 (“(geography) bay; gulf”) [noun] Hán-Nôm : loan • Hán-Nôm : loáng • Hán-Nôm : loãng • Hán-Nôm : vịnh bay, gulf 灣
灯 ‖ 灯(とう) • (tō) ‖ 灯(とう) • (-tō) ‖ 灯(とう) • (-tō) ‖ 灯(とう) • (tō) ‖ 灯(ともし) • (tomoshi) ‖ 灯(ともしび) • (tomoshibi) ‖ 灯(とぼし) • (toboshi) ‖ 灯(とぼし) • (Toboshi) ‖ 灯(とぼしび) • (toboshibi) ‖ 灯(あかし) • (akashi) ‖ 灯(ひ) • (hi) ‖ a light, lamp ‖ counter for 電灯 (dentō, “electric lights”) ‖ electric light ‖ light, lamp • (by extension) Buddhist teaching ‖ a light • Alternative spelling of 照射 (tomoshi): a torch used to bait deer when night hunting ‖ a light • a lit flame (such as of a candle or torch) • (historical, obsolete) under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system of the Heian period, a kind of scholarship granted to university students ‖ (archaic) an indoor torch • (archaic) Alternative form of 灯 (tomoshi) ‖ a placename ‖ (archaic) Alternative form of 灯 (tomoshibi) ‖ a light, lamp • (Shinto, Buddhism) a light (or lighted lamp) offered to a kami or buddha ‖ a light, lamp 灯
炉 ‖ 炉(ろ) • (ro) ‖ furnace, kiln 炉 • (ro>no) · 炉 • (ro>no) (hangeul 로>노) 炉
炙 ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsià • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Middle-Chinese : tsyaeH • Middle-Chinese : tsyek ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsia̍h ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuànn ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsioh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiò to roast; to broil; to toast; to cauterize • roast meat ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 炸 (chia̍h) ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 煎 (chòaⁿ) ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 焟 (chioh) roast • broil • toast • cauterize 炙 (eumhun 구울 자 (guul ja)) ‖ 炙 (eumhun 구울 적 (guul jeok)) hanja form of 자 (“to roast; to broil”) ‖ hanja form of 적 (“jeok (a Korean meat dish)”) Hán-Nôm : chá • Hán-Nôm : chả • Hán-Nôm : chích 炙
炯 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwing² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Middle-Chinese : hwengX • Middle-Chinese : kwengX bright; brilliant • clear; obvious • (literary) flame; blaze light • clear 炯 (eum 형 (hyeong)) Shining bright canonical : 炯: Hán Việt readings: quýnh • canonical : quỷnh • canonical : huỳnh 炯
炳 Unger (1986) reconstructs Old Chinese pronunciation as *pl(j)aŋʔ and considers this item part of a word family under 陽 (OC *laŋ) and related to Thai ปลั่ง (bplàng, “bright”); alternatively, Schuessler (2007) reconstructs OC *br(j)aŋʔ and includes this in an Austroasiatic word family under 亮 (OC *raŋs). See there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : píng • Middle-Chinese : pjaengX bright; luminous • to shine • notable; remarkable; outstanding; prominent; marked; striking; distinctive • to ignite; to set on fire; to light; to kindle ‖ 炳(へい) • (hei) ^†-tari (adnominal 炳(へい)とした (hei to shita) or 炳(へい)たる (hei taru), adverbial 炳(へい)と (hei to) or 炳(へい)として (hei to shite)) clear & bright ‖ bright, shining, • clear to the eye 炳 • (byeong) · 炳 • (byeong) (hangeul 병, revised byeong, McCune–Reischauer pyŏng, Yale pyeng) bright, luminous • glorious Hán-Nôm : bình • Hán-Nôm : bính • Hán-Nôm : bỉnh • Hán-Nôm : bảnh • Hán-Nôm : bãnh 炳
点 ‖ 点(てん) • (-ten) ‖ 点(てん) • (ten) ‖ items or goods ‖ spot, dot • score, grade, mark(s) • point 点 (eum 점 (jeom)) Alternative form of 點 (“hanja form of 점 (“point; dot; spot; speck”)”) 点
烊 Originally an alternative form (異體字／异体字 (yìtǐzì)) of 煬／炀 (yáng). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋ) : semantic 火 (“flame”) + phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ). ‖ Originally an alternative form (異體字／异体字 (yìtǐzì)) of 煬／炀 (yáng). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋ) : semantic 火 (“flame”) + phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iûnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iônn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâng • Middle-Chinese : yang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁴⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iāng to smelt • to melt ‖ Only used in 打烊 (dǎyàng). 烊 • (yang) · 烊 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang) canonical : 烊: Hán Việt readings: rang 烊
烽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰoŋ) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 夆 (OC *pʰoŋ, *boŋ, *ɡaːds). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Middle-Chinese : phjowng signal fire • the tower where such a signal fire is lit ‖ signal fire, beacon ‖ 烽 • (bong) · 烽 • (bong) (hangeul 봉, revised bong, McCune–Reischauer pong, Yale pong) canonical : 烽: Hán Việt readings: phong 烽
焙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːs) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 咅 (OC *pʰɯʔ, *pʰl'oːs) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bui⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pēr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē to bake; to torrefy; to heat over a slow fire 焙 • (bae) · 焙 • (bae) (hangeul 배, revised bae, McCune–Reischauer pae, Yale pay) canonical : 焙: Hán Việt readings: bồi 焙
煉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·reːns) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 柬 (OC *kreːnʔ). refine metals • kneading over fire 煉 • (ryeon>yeon) · 煉 • (ryeon>yeon) (hangeul 련>연, revised ryeon>yeon, McCune–Reischauer ryŏn>yŏn, Yale lyen>yen) Hán-Nôm : luyện • Hán-Nôm : rịn 煉
煜 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jap⁶ • Middle-Chinese : yuwk • Middle-Chinese : hip brilliant; glorious 煜 • (uk, eup) · 煜 • (uk, eup) (hangeul 욱, 읍, revised uk, eup, McCune–Reischauer uk, ŭp, Yale wuk, up) canonical : 煜: Hán Việt readings: dục 煜
煥 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷaːns) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 奐 (OC *qʰʷaːns). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huān • Middle-Chinese : xwanH flare; blaze • glowing; shining; lustrous; brilliant • to radiate • a surname shine 煥 • (hwan) · 煥 • (hwan) (hangeul 환, revised hwan, McCune–Reischauer hwan, Yale hwan) shining, brilliant • lustrous canonical : 煥: Hán Việt readings: hoán 煥
煦 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ù • Middle-Chinese : xjuX • Middle-Chinese : xjuH warm • kind; gentle; gracious; genial warm 煦 • (hu) · 煦 • (hu) (hangeul 후, revised hu, McCune–Reischauer hu, Yale hwu) kind, gentle • gracious • genial canonical : 煦: Hán Việt readings: hú 煦
煬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋ, *laŋs) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 昜 (OC *laŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋ, *laŋs) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 昜 (OC *laŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁴ • Middle-Chinese : yang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶ • Middle-Chinese : yangH to melt; to smelt (metal) ‖ to bake; to roast • to warm oneself by the fire • hot 煬 • (yang) · 煬 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang) Hán-Nôm : dương 煬
熨 ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ut • Middle-Chinese : 'jut ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wat¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'jut ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai³ • Middle-Chinese : 'jw+jH ‖ to iron; to press • to be closely appressed to; to abut • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to be stained with ‖ Only used in 熨貼／熨帖／熨贴 (yùtiē). ‖ (traditional Chinese medicine) to foment ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 燙／烫 (“to iron; to press”) flatiron • smooth out 熨 (eum 위 (wi)) iron • press Hán-Nôm : úy/uý • Hán-Nôm : uất • Hán-Nôm : ủi • Hán-Nôm : uỳn • Hán-Nôm : ùn • Hán-Nôm : uỵn • Hán-Nôm : vùn • Hán-Nôm : vuỵn • Hán-Nôm : vuỹn • Hán-Nôm : ũn • Hán-Nôm : vũn 熨
熹 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Middle-Chinese : xi warm, bright 熹 • (hui) · 熹 • (hui) (hangeul 희) 熹
熾 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjɯɡs) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 戠 (OC *tjɯɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjɯɡs) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 戠 (OC *tjɯɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci³ • Middle-Chinese : tsyhiH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshioh (of fire) intense; raging • flourishing; prosperous • to burn ‖ (Hokkien) to macerate; to ret; to soak • (Xiamen Hokkien) to shine for a short while (of the sun) kindling fire or flame 熾 (eum 치 (chi)) Hán-Nôm : xé • Hán-Nôm : xế • Hán-Nôm : xi • Hán-Nôm : sí • Hán-Nôm : xí 熾
燄 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁶ • Middle-Chinese : yemX Alternative form of 焰 (yàn, “flame”) Hán-Nôm : diễm • Hán-Nôm : diệm 燄
燉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːns, *tʰuːn, *duːn) : semantic 火 + phonetic 敦 (OC *tuːl, *doːn, *tuːn, *tuːns). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tūn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣ • Middle-Chinese : thwon • Middle-Chinese : dwon to stew • to heat up (soup, wine, etc.) by steeping the container in hot water ‖ flaming; blazing 燉 • (don) · 燉 • (don) (hangeul 돈, McCune–Reischauer ton, Yale ton) Hán-Nôm : đôn • Hán-Nôm : đốn • Hán-Nôm : đun • Hán-Nôm : đón • Hán-Nôm : don • Hán-Nôm : giôn 燉
燎 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rew, *rewʔ, *rews) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 尞 (). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rew, *rewʔ, *rews) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 尞 (). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Middle-Chinese : ljew • Middle-Chinese : ljewH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˇ • Middle-Chinese : ljewX torch • (alt. form 潦) to burn; to scald • (historical) offering involving burning wood ‖ to burn weeds • to singe; to scorch; to set on fire • (alt. form 爒) to roast bonfire • burn 燎 • (ryo>yo) · 燎 • (ryo>yo) (hangeul 료>요, revised ryo>yo, McCune–Reischauer ryo>yo, Yale lyo>yo) Hán-Nôm : liệu • Hán-Nôm : leo • Hán-Nôm : liêu • Hán-Nôm : riu 燎
燐 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Middle-Chinese : lin • Middle-Chinese : linH ignis fatuus • (chemistry) phosphorus ‖ 燐(りん) or 燐(リン) • (rin) ignis fatuus • will-o'-the-wisp • phosphorus ‖ phosphorus 燐 (eum 린 (rin), word-initial (South Korea) 인 (in)) canonical : 燐: Hán Việt readings: lân 燐
燙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰaːŋs) : phonetic 湯 (OC *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *hljaŋ) + semantic 火. \ From 湯 (OC *l̥ʰaːŋ, “hot water”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thòng to burn; to scald; to injure (with high temperature) • to warm; to heat something up (using hot water or fire) • to perm (one's hair) • (cooking) to blanch • (Cantonese) to iron • hot (because of high temperature) 燙 • (tang) · 燙 • (tang) (hangeul 탕, revised tang, McCune–Reischauer t'ang, Yale thang) Hán-Nôm : nãng • Hán-Nôm : năng • Hán-Nôm : nắng • Hán-Nôm : thãng • Hán-Nôm : thạng • Hán-Nôm : nẵng • Hán-Nôm : tãng • Hán-Nôm : tẵng • Hán-Nôm : tặng • Hán-Nôm : thẵng • Hán-Nôm : thẫng • Hán-Nôm : thậng 燙
燜 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : būn cook in a covered vessel • to casserole • to stew Hán-Nôm : muộn 燜
燦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːns) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 粲 (OC *sʰaːns) \ Same word as 粲 (OC *sʰaːns). See there for etymology. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshàn • Middle-Chinese : tshanH vivid; illuminating • bright; lustrous lustrous 燦 (eum 찬 (chan)) Hán-Nôm : xán 燦
燧 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljuds) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 遂 (OC *ljuds). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suī • Middle-Chinese : zwijH flintstone • beacon fire; signal fire • torch 燧 • (su) · 燧 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu) Hán-Nôm : toại 燧
燬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmralʔ) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 毀 (OC *hmralʔ, *hmrals). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mej (“fire”); probably cognate with 火 (OC *qʰʷaːlʔ, “fire”) (STEDT). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huí • Middle-Chinese : xjweX blazing fire • to burn up; to burn down blaze 燬 (eum 훼 (hwe)) burn down • blaze, fire Hán-Nôm : hủy • Hán-Nôm : huỷ 燬
燮 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sip³ • Middle-Chinese : sep (literary) to harmonize; to mediate • (literary) harmonious • a surname moderate • alleviate • boil over low heat 燮 (eumhun 불꽃 섭 (bulkkot seop)) harmonize, blend • adjust 燮
燴 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui⁶ to ragout; to cook; to braise • (historical) Chinese dish consisting of fish grilled to the rare stage and then thinly sliced similar to tataki Hán-Nôm : quái • Hán-Nôm : dõi • Hán-Nôm : dọi • Hán-Nôm : giõi • Hán-Nôm : giọi • Hán-Nôm : khoái • Hán-Nôm : rọi 燴
燻 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰun) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 熏 (OC *qʰun). smoulder • fume • oxidize 燻 • (hun) · 燻 • (hun) (hangeul 훈, revised hun, McCune–Reischauer hun, Yale hwun) Hán-Nôm : huân • Hán-Nôm : hun 燻
爍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰljawɢ) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 樂 (OC *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Middle-Chinese : syak ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : sinnh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sínn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok⁶ to glisten; to glimmer • bright; brilliant; glittering • hot • to roast; to broil • Alternative form of 鑠／铄 (shuò, “to melt by heat; to fuse”) ‖ (Southern Min) to glisten; to glimmer ‖ Only used in 爆爍／爆烁. 爍 (eum 삭 (sak)) Hán-Nôm : thước 爍
爛 Characters in the same phonetic series (柬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːns) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 闌 (OC *ɡ·raːn). Cantonese · Jyutping : laan⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lān • Middle-Chinese : lanH (of fruits, etc.) rotten; spoiled; decayed • well-cooked; soft; mushy • broken; fragmented; shattered • low-quality; poor; lousy • to rot; to decay; to decompose; to spoil • completely; thoroughly • bright; brilliant; gorgeous; magnificent • (Cantonese) to be addicted to • (Cantonese) extremely • Used in 爛漫／烂漫 (lànmàn). be sore • inflamed • bleary • fester 爛 • (ran>nan) · 爛 • (ran>nan) (hangeul 란>난, revised ran>nan, McCune–Reischauer ran>nan, Yale lan>nan) Hán-Nôm : lạn • Hán-Nôm : láng • Hán-Nôm : rạn 爛
爨 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuàn • Middle-Chinese : tshwanH • Middle-Chinese : tshwan to cook • cooker; cookstove • a surname • Short for 爨體／爨体 (“a style of calligraphy popular in 3rd-4th century AD, considered transitional in the development from clerical script to regular script”). boil, cook 爨 (eumhun 부뚜막 찬 (buttumak chan)) Hán-Nôm : thoán 爨
爰 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 爫 (“hand, claw”) + 又 (“hand”) – the middle component has taken various forms. \ Contraction of 于時 (OC *ɢʷa djɯ) or 于是 (OC *ɢʷa djeʔ) (Smith, 2012). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hjwon therefore, consequently • A sentence-initial particle lead on to • therefore • then 爰 • (won) · 爰 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen) lead on to • therefore • then Hán-Nôm : viên • Hán-Nôm : vươn 爰
爺 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laː) : semantic 父 (“father”) + phonetic 耶 (OC *laː). \ Vovin and McCraw (2011) compare it to Old Turkic [script needed] (uya, “relative”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâ (literary, dialectal or in compounds) father • grandfather • (polite) grandpa; sir (term of address for an elderly man) • (archaic, honorific) sir (term of address for a rich or influential man) • (honorific) term of address for gods and the Buddha • (colloquial, derogatory or familiar, Northern China, male) I; me ‖ 爺(じい) • (jī) ^(←ぢい (dii)?) · 爺(じい) or 爺(じじ) or 爺(じゞ) or 爺(じじい) or 爺(じゞい) • (jī or jiji or jijī) ^(←ぢい (dii) or ぢぢ (didi) or ぢぢい (didii)?) old man • grandfather ‖ a grandfather • an old man; a geezer; a gramps 爺 (eumhun 아비 야 (abi ya)) Hán-Nôm : gia chữ Hán form of gia. 爺
爻 Pictogram (象形) : 乂 + 乂 – 2 stacked ‘X’ marks, indicating cuts or marks. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngâu • Middle-Chinese : haew ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâu a figure composed of six stacked horizontal lines; a hexagram of the I Ching ‖ (Southern Min) Alternative form of 𠢕 ‖ 爻(こう) • (kō) ‖ 爻 • (hyo) · 爻 • (hyo) (hangeul 효, revised hyo, McCune–Reischauer hyo, Yale hyo) Hán-Nôm : hào • Hán-Nôm : loài 爻
爾 Pictogram (象形) – cloth on a loom, with threads crossing – original form of 檷 (OC *niːlʔ, “loom”). Used phonetically. \ ; “you; your” \ ; "that" ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄦˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ní • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jínn • Middle-Chinese : nyeX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : nî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nī ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : niā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nǐ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niâ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : nǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nā ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄦˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ní • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jínn (literary or dialectal) you; your • (literary) so; this way • (literary or dialectal) this; that • (obsolete, of flowers) exuberant • (obsolete) a suffix or word-final particle indicating state, appearance, sound, or manner accompanying a verb • (literary) a sentence final particle; merely; only • a surname ‖ ‖ (Hokkien) that's all; nothing more; is all ‖ (Hokkien) only ‖ Used in transcription. ‖ 爾(じ) • (ji) ‖ 爾(おれ) • (ore) ‖ second person archaic pronoun: thou, you • distal pronoun equivalent to modern それ (sore) or その (sono): that • auxiliary character in 漢文 (kanbun) texts indicating state or condition ‖ (archaic, vulgar) second person pronoun: you 爾 (eumhun 너 이 (neo i)) canonical : 爾: Hán Việt readings: nhĩ 爾: Nôm readings: nhãi • canonical : nhĩ 爾
牆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zaŋ) : phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ) + semantic 嗇 (“wheat in a granary”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiûnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiônn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiâunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiâng • Middle-Chinese : dzjang wall (Classifier: 面 m; 堵 m mn; 埲 c; 幅 c) • (Mainland China, Internet slang) Great Firewall • (Mainland China, Internet slang, usually passive) (the Great Firewall) to censor; to block (a website) 牆 • (jang) · 牆 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang) Hán-Nôm : tường 牆
牒 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dip⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dep writing slip made of bamboo or wood in ancient China • official document or note; certificate; credentials • records of family pedigree; genealogical records • books; documents; records • plaint; indictment 牒 • (cheop) · 牒 • (cheop) (hangeul 첩, revised cheop, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏp, Yale chep) Hán-Nôm : điệp 牒
牖 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁵ • Middle-Chinese : yuwX (literary) window • Alternative form of 誘／诱 (yòu, “to lead; to enlighten”) ‖ ‖ 牖 • (yu) · 牖 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu) Hán-Nôm : dũ 牖
牘 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic 片 (“slice”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ). \ Related to 讀 (OC *l'oːɡ, “read”), according to STEDT. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : duk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho̍k • Middle-Chinese : duwk wooden tablets or slips for writing in ancient China • document; archive • letter; correspondence wooden tablet • letter; correspondence 牘 • (dok) · 牘 • (dok) (hangeul 독, revised dok, McCune–Reischauer tok, Yale tok) Hán-Nôm : dộc • Hán-Nôm : độc 牘
牝 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bilʔ, *binʔ) : semantic 牛 (“cattle”) + phonetic 匕 (OC *pilʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pwi(y)-n (“female, mother, big, molar”) (STEDT, Schuessler (2007)). Cognate with Mizo pui (“(suffix or particle) full-grown female, mother (generally used of animals)”), ha-pui (“molar”); Jingpho wi ~ yi (“female”); etc. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin • Middle-Chinese : bjijX • Middle-Chinese : bjinX (of an animal) female • (literary) female genitalia • gorge; valley • type of keyhole in ancient times female (of an animal) • female genitalia • gorge, hole, hollow 牝 • (bin) · 牝 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin) Hán-Nôm : tẫn 牝
牟 Ideogram (指事) : An ox (牛) with a symbol (now 厶) to represent its lowing. \ ; “moo” \ ; “to seek; to obtain” \ ; “to love” \ ; “look; appearance” \ ; “spear” ‖ Ideogram (指事) : An ox (牛) with a symbol (now 厶) to represent its lowing. \ ; “moo” \ ; “to seek; to obtain” \ ; “to love” \ ; “look; appearance” \ ; “spear” Cantonese · Jyutping : mau⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biô • Middle-Chinese : mjuw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : muk⁶ (onomatopoeia) the sound of cattle: moo • to seek; to obtain; to seize • to exceed; to increase; to double • broad; great • longlasting • (Han dynasty, Sòng-Lǔ dialect) to love • look; appearance • spear • Alternative form of 麰／𮮇 (móu, “barley”) • Alternative form of 眸 (móu, “eyeball”) • Alternative form of 堥 (“earthen pot”) • Alternative form of 侔 (móu, “to be equal”) • Alternative form of 鍪 (móu, “helmet”) • (～國) (historical) Mou (an ancient state in modern-day Shandong, China) • a surname ‖ Used in place names. • a surname pupil (hole in middle of an iris) • moo (lowing sound of a cow) 牟 • (mo) · 牟 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo, Yale mo) Hán-Nôm : mưu • Hán-Nôm : màu • Hán-Nôm : mâu • Hán-Nôm : mầu • Hán-Nôm : mào 牟
牠 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tha • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho (animal) it Hán-Nôm : tha 牠
牯 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːʔ) : semantic 牛 (“cow”) + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ) \ Wang (1982) related this word to 羖 (OC *klaːʔ, “(black) ram”) and 豭 (OC *kraː, “boar”). \ However, Schuessler (2007) suggested an Austroasiatic origin: compare these Bahnaric lexical items Koho klaw, Chrau klo:, Bulo Stieng klaw "male" (all from Proto-Bahnaric *kləw < Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁l(ə)w(ʔ) (“male”)), as well as Khmer ខ្លោះ (khlɑh, “male, virile”), កំលោះ (kɑmlɑh, “young man”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo • Middle-Chinese : kuX bull; ox (especially castrated) • cow (female) • (Hakka, Teochew, suffix) male 牯 • (go) · 牯 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko) Hán-Nôm : cổ 牯
牴 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai² • Middle-Chinese : tejX (literary) to gore; to butt • (literary, by extension) to conflict; to contradict 牴 • (jeo) · 牴 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce) 牴
犄 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khi ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i • Middle-Chinese : 'je ‖ ^‡ castrated male bovine • ^‡ Name of a kind of bovine. • ^‡ Alternative form of 猗 canonical : 犄: Hán Việt readings: cơ 犄: Nôm readings: cơ chữ Hán form of cơ. 犄
犒 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰaːws) : semantic 牛 (“cow”) + phonetic 高 (OC *kaːw). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hou³ • Middle-Chinese : khawH to reward troops with food and drink; to feast 犒 • (ho) · 犒 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho) 犒
犖 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok⁶ • Middle-Chinese : laewk (literary) brindled ox • (literary) brindled in color • (literary) evident; conspicuous • Used in 犖确 (luòquè). 犖 • (rak>nak) · 犖 • (rak>nak) (hangeul 락>낙, revised rak>nak, McCune–Reischauer rak>nak, Yale lak>nak) 犖
犛 Earliest extant attestation is in Discourses of the States: \ * \ 不然，巴浦之犀、犛、兕、象，其可盡乎，其又以規為瑱也？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]不然，巴浦之犀、牦、兕、象，其可尽乎，其又以规为瑱也？ [Classical Chinese, simp.] \ From: Guoyu, circa 4ᵗʰ century BCE \ Bùrán, Bā Pǔ zhī xī, máo/lí, sì, xiàng, qí kě jìn hū, qí yòu yǐ guī wéi tiàn yě? [Pinyin] \ ‘Otherwise, it is because rhinoceros, yaks, wild bovids and elephants in Ba and Pu have become extinct, and for this reason you use my recommendations as earplugs (which are made from the bones of these exotic animals)?’ \ According to Schuessler (2007), 犛 (OC *rə) > lí is either related to or borrowed from Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “female yak”). \ Jacques, d'Alpoim Guedes and Zhang (2021) propose 犛 (OC *mrˁu) > máo could reflect a borrowing from Rgyalrongic language after loss of final *-ŋ, thus making it cognate to Rgyalrongic terms for "male yak" like Tshobdun qɐⁿbrúʔ, Zbu qɐⁿbrúʔ, Situ kəmbrû, Japhug qambrɯ, and Khroskyabs [script needed] (ʁbrô); as well as Tibetan འབྲོང ('brong, “wild yak”) and Burmese ပြောင် (praung, “gaur”), etc. all from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brawŋ (“wild yak, buffalo”) (STEDT). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : li • Middle-Chinese : loj • Middle-Chinese : maew yak Hán-Nôm : li • Hán-Nôm : mao 犛
犢 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic 牛 (“ox”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *luk (“sheep”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Cognate with 羭 (OC *lo, “sheep”), Tibetan ལུག (lug, “sheep”). \ Other etymologies have been proposed: \ * Boodberg (1937) relates it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “calf”), which Schuessler (2007) deems unlikely. \ * Norman (1988) suggests that it may be a loan from Mongolic or Tungusic; compare Mongolian ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ (tuɣul, “calf”), Manchu ᡨᡠᡴᡧᠠᠨ (tukšan, “calf”). This is an unlikely etymology due to recent developments in the reconstruction of Old Chinese, where *l- (rather than older reconstructions with *d-) would be a poor match for Mongolic/Tungusic t-, as well as new archaeological evidence suggesting that the word is likely older than previously assumed (Miyake, 2017; Cao, 2021). \ * It could also be related to 畜 (OC *l̥ʰuɡs, *l̥ʰuɡ, *hluɡ, “to nourish; domestic animal”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍k • Middle-Chinese : duwk calf (young cow or bull) • a surname 犢 • (dok) · 犢 • (dok) (hangeul 독, revised dok, McCune–Reischauer tok, Yale tok) 犢
犧 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hŋral) : semantic 牛 (“ox”) + phonetic 羲 (OC *hŋral). \ Cognate with 儀 (OC *ŋral, “ceremony; appearance”). See there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi • Middle-Chinese : xje (historical) pure-colored sacrificial animal • sacrifice 犧 • (hui, sa) · 犧 • (hui, sa) (hangeul 희, 사, revised hui, sa, McCune–Reischauer hŭi, sa, Yale huy, sa) canonical : 犧: Hán Việt readings: hy • canonical : hi 犧: Nôm readings: hi chữ Hán form of hi (“certain types of sacrifice”). 犧
状 ‖ 状(じょう) • (-jō) condition • form • appearance • letter ‖ being in such condition • having such form or appearance • letter, card, written notice 状 • (jang, sang) · 状 • (jang, sang) (hangeul 장, 상, revised jang, sang, McCune–Reischauer chang, sang, Yale cang, sang) 状
狄 ;"northern foreigners" \ ;"low servant" Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k • Middle-Chinese : dek the Di people; Zhou dynasty era term for tribes from northern China • low servant • Alternative form of 翟 • a surname barbarian 狄 (eumhun 오랑캐 적 (orangkae jeok)) hanja form of 적 (“tribe from northern China”) Hán-Nôm : địch • Hán-Nôm : đệt 狄
狎 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːb) : semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap⁶ • Middle-Chinese : haep (literary) to be used to; to be familiar with • (literary) to get close to; to become intimate with • (literary) to slight; to neglect • (literary) to tease; to play tricks on 狎 • (ap) · 狎 • (ap) (hangeul 압, revised ap, McCune–Reischauer ap, Yale ap) Hán-Nôm : hiệp • Hán-Nôm : hạp 狎
独 ‖ 独(どく) • (doku) ^(←どく (doku)?) solo, monad • single ‖ solitary • Short for ドイツ／独逸 (Doitsu, “Germany (a country)”). 独
狭 ‖ 狭(さ) • (sa) ‖ 狭(せ) • (se) ‖ 狭(せば) • (seba) ^†-nari ‖ 狭(せば) • (seba) cramped • narrow • contract • tight ‖ narrow, small ‖ (archaic) narrowness ‖ (archaic, Classical Japanese) narrow ‖ Short for 狭縮緬 (sebachirimen /⁠せばちりめん⁠/). 狭
狷 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun¹ • Middle-Chinese : kwenH • Middle-Chinese : kjwienH (literary) rash; impetuous; impulsive • (literary) reserved; overcautious • (literary) upright (of character) narrow • short-tempered 狷 • (gyeon) · 狷 • (gyeon) (hangeul 견, revised gyeon, McCune–Reischauer kyŏn, Yale kyen) 狷
狹 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreːb) : semantic 犭 (“dog”) + phonetic 夾 (OC *kreːb) – narrow-minded, like a dog. \ The endopassive of 夾 (OC *kreːb, “to press between”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gjap (“narrow; crowded”), from which Burmese ကျပ် (kyap, “tight”) is derived (STEDT). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ue̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ere̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha̍p • Middle-Chinese : heap narrow (of rooms, pants, streets, etc.); tight • narrow-minded; narrow (of one's thinking, knowledge, mind, etc.) narrow • contract • reduce • tight • limited 狹 • (hyeop) · 狹 • (hyeop) (hangeul 협, revised hyeop, McCune–Reischauer hyŏp, Yale hyep) Hán-Nôm : hẹp • Hán-Nôm : hiẹp • Hán-Nôm : hệp 狹
狽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paːds) : semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 貝 (OC *paːds). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bui³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puē • Middle-Chinese : pajH (mythology) a legendary wolf-like animal with short forelegs and long hind legs • distressed • wretched 狽 • (pae) · 狽 • (pae) (hangeul 패, revised pae, McCune–Reischauer p'ae, Yale phay) Hán-Nôm : bái 狽
猙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsreːŋ, *zeŋʔ) : semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 爭 (OC *ʔsreːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Middle-Chinese : tsreang • Middle-Chinese : dzjengX fierce-looking; ferocious • (literary, Chinese mythology) a red leopard-like creature with one horn 猙 • (jaeng) · 猙 • (jaeng) (hangeul 쟁, revised jaeng, McCune–Reischauer chaeng, Yale cayng) Hán-Nôm : tranh 猙
猥 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːlʔ) : semantic 犬 + phonetic 畏 (OC *quls). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ué • Middle-Chinese : 'wojX (obsolete) to accumulate • (obsolete) many; numerous • (literary) numerous and chaotic • (literary) lowly; obscene • (obsolete) incorrectly; erroneously • (obsolete) suddenly • (Lichuan Gan) to play obscene • vulgar 猥 (eum 외 (oe)) Hán-Nôm : ổi 猥
猫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrew) : semantic 犬 + phonetic 苗 (OC *mrew). ‖ 猫(ねこ) or 猫(ネコ) • (neko) (counter 匹) ‖ 猫(ねこま) • (nekoma) ‖ a cat ‖ (obsolete) a cat hanja form of 묘 (“cat”) 猫
献 offer, present • show, display 献
猷 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iû • Middle-Chinese : yuw to plan, scheme • plan, plot • way 猷 (eum 유 (yu)) Hán-Nôm : du 猷
獅 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sri) : semantic 犭 (“dog; beast”) + phonetic 師 (OC *sri). \ Originally written as 師. Earliest written attestations in the Eastern Han era include the Book of Han [before 111], the surviving portion of the Dongguan Hanji [c. 150], and Lokakṣema's translation of the Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā [179]. The term is possibly of Iranian origin. In the Book of Han, the lion was described as indigenous to the historical 烏弋山離 (OC *qaː lɯɡ sreːn rel, “Alexandria”), possibly Alexandria Prophthasia (Yu, 1998), which was part of the Parthian Empire at the time. The Dongguan mentions a lion as a gift from the Shule Kingdom in the year 133, where a Saka language was spoken then. Earlier definite dates associated with the lion mentioned in the Book of the Later Han include the year 87, when a gift lion from the Yuezhi was recorded. \ Compare Proto-Iranian *cárguš (“lion”). Possibly related to 狻猊 (OC *sloːn ŋeː). \ Meanwhile, Adams (2013) postulates possible Tocharian connections; cf. Tocharian B ṣecake and etymologies. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sir • Middle-Chinese : srij lion ‖ 獅(し) • (shi) a lion ‖ lion 獅 (eumhun 사자 사 (saja sa)) hanja form of 사 (“lion”) canonical : 獅: Hán Việt readings: sư 獅: Nôm readings: sư chữ Hán form of sư (“lion”). 獅
獎 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaŋʔ) : phonetic 將 (OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs) + semantic 犬 (“dog”). The significance of 犬 is debated; cf. the same radical in 獻. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiáng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiúnn • Middle-Chinese : tsjangX to reward someone with something as encouragement; to award • reward; prize • prize money Alternative form of 奨: reward; prize 獎 (eum 장 (jang)) Alternative form of 奬 Hán-Nôm : tưởng 獎
獐 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiunn • Middle-Chinese : tsyang water deer ‖ roebuck • hornless river deer ‖ 獐 (eumhun 노루 장 (noru jang)) roe deer canonical : 獐: Hán Việt readings: chương 獐: Nôm readings: chương chữ Hán form of chương (“musk deer”). 獐
獗 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ Only used in 猖獗 (chāngjué). 獗 • (gwol) · 獗 • (gwol) (hangeul 궐, revised gwol, McCune–Reischauer kwŏl, Yale kwel) 獗
獰 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : nraeng ferocious; hideous 獰 (eumhun 모질 녕 (mojil nyeong), word-initial (South Korea) 모질 영 (mojil yeong)) hanja form of 녕/영 (“ferocious; hideous”) 獰
獷 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄤˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwong² • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwong³ • Middle-Chinese : kjwangX • Middle-Chinese : kwaengX 獷 • (gwang) · 獷 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, Yale kwang) Hán-Nôm : quánh 獷
獺 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuah • Middle-Chinese : that • Middle-Chinese : trhaet otter ‖ 獺(うそ) • (uso) otter ‖ an otter 獺 (eumhun 수달 달 (sudal dal)) hanja form of 달 (“otter”) Hán-Nôm : thát • Hán-Nôm : rái 獺
玀 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ Used in 豬玀／猪猡 (zhūluó, “pig”). • Used in 猓玀／猓猡 (Guǒluó, “the Yi people”). 玀
玟 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˊ (literary) veins in jade 玟 • (min) · 玟 • (min) (hangeul 민) 玟
玳 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːɡs) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 代 (OC *l'ɯːɡs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tāi • Middle-Chinese : dojH • Middle-Chinese : dowk Only used in 玳瑁 (dàimào); also used as its short form. 玳 • (dae) · 玳 • (dae) (hangeul 대, revised dae, McCune–Reischauer tae, Yale tay) canonical : 玳: Hán Việt readings: đại 玳: Nôm readings: đồi • canonical : đại chữ Hán form of đại (“only used in 玳瑁 (đại mội)”). • Nôm form of đồi (“tortoise shell”). 玳
珀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰraːɡ) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paak³ • Middle-Chinese : phaek Only used in 琥珀 (hǔpò, “amber”). 珀 • (bak) · 珀 • (bak) (hangeul 박, revised bak, McCune–Reischauer pak, Yale pak) Hán-Nôm : phách 珀
珊 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : san • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suan • Middle-Chinese : san coral • Used in compounds. coral 珊 (eum 산 (san)) Hán-Nôm : san 珊
珮 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pui³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phua̍h • Middle-Chinese : bwojH (historical) jade ornament worn as a pendant on the waist • Alternative form of 佩 (pèi, “to wear on the waist”) bauble; jewel 珮 (eum 패 (pae)) 珮
琊 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 邪 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaa⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : je⁴ Used in 瑯琊／琅琊 (Lángyá). (arch.) place in eastern Shandong 琊
琥 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlaːʔ) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 虎 (OC *qʰlaːʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóo • Middle-Chinese : xuX Only used in 琥珀 (hǔpò, “amber”). jewelled tiger. 琥 • (ho) · 琥 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho) Hán-Nôm : hổ 琥
琪 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯ) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 其 (OC *kɯ, *ɡɯ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gi a beautiful jade; also connotes flourishing flowers and plants; a metaphor for precious things type of jade 琪 • (gi) · 琪 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki) fine jade Hán-Nôm : kì 琪
琶 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pêe • Middle-Chinese : bae Only used in 琵琶. • a kind of method of playing pipa Lute 琶 • (pa) · 琶 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha) 琶
琺 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat³ Used in 琺瑯／珐琅 (fàláng). • a surname 琺 • (beop) · 琺 • (beop) (hangeul 법, revised beop, McCune–Reischauer pŏp, Yale pep) 琺
琿 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːn) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːn) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fai¹ • Middle-Chinese : hwon ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄣˊ Used in 璦琿／瑷珲 (Àihuī). • (literary) beautiful jade ‖ Used in a place name • (literary) beautiful jade jewel 琿 • (heun) · 琿 • (heun) (hangeul 흔, revised heun, McCune–Reischauer hŭn, Yale hun) beautiful jade, gem 琿
瑁 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *muːɡs, *mɯːɡs, *muːɡ) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 冒 (OC *muːɡs, *mɯːɡ). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mawH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mui⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mwojH • Middle-Chinese : mowk jade used by Son of Heaven to be pieced together with feudal lords' ceremonical jade gui (圭) ‖ Only used in 玳瑁 (dàimào, dàimèi). jade used by emperor of China 瑁 • (mo, mae) · 瑁 • (mo, mae) (hangeul 모, 매, revised mo, mae, McCune–Reischauer mo, mae, Yale mo, may) 瑁
瑕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraː) : semantic 𤣩 + phonetic 叚 (OC *kraːʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâ • Middle-Chinese : hae flaw; blemish ‖ 瑕(か) • (ka) ‖ 瑕(か) • (ka) ‖ blemish, flaw ‖ a flaw 瑕 • (ha) · 瑕 • (ha) (hangeul 하, revised ha, McCune–Reischauer ha, Yale ha) Hán-Nôm : hà 瑕
瑚 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : hu Used in 珊瑚 (shānhú) 瑚 (eumhun 산호 호 (sanho ho)) Hán-Nôm : hô • Hán-Nôm : hồ 瑚
瑛 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing • Middle-Chinese : 'jaeng (literary) luster of jade • (literary) beautiful jade; jade-like stone • Alternative form of 英 (yīng, “outstanding figure”) 瑛 (eum 영 (yeong)) Hán-Nôm : anh 瑛
瑜 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lo) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû • Middle-Chinese : yu ^⁜ fine jade • ^⁜ luster of gems • Used in transcription of Sanskrit terms. • Used in personal names. 瑜 (eumhun 아름다운 옥 유 (areumdaun ok yu)) beautiful jade Hán-Nôm : du 瑜
瑣 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : só • Middle-Chinese : swaX petty; trivial; insignificant • low; base • Original form of 鎖／锁 (suǒ, “chain; lock”). • chain-like pattern • ^‡ sound of jade; fragments of jade • a surname 瑣 • (swae) · 瑣 • (swae) (hangeul 쇄, revised swae, McCune–Reischauer swae, Yale sway) Hán-Nôm : tỏa • Hán-Nôm : toả 瑣
瑤 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâu • Middle-Chinese : yew (literary) precious jade • (literary) fine; precious • (～族) Yao people beautiful (as a jewel) 瑤 • (yo) · 瑤 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo) canonical : 瑤: Hán Việt readings: dao 瑤
瑩 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷreŋ, *qʷeːŋs) : abbreviated phonetic 熒 (OC *ɡʷeːŋ) + semantic 玉 (“jade”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng • Middle-Chinese : hjwaeng • Middle-Chinese : 'engH lustrous and transparent • (literary) jade-like stone • (literary) luster of gems • (literary) to polish; to adorn clear 瑩 (eum 영 (yeong)) lustre of gems • bright, lustrous Hán-Nôm : oánh • Hán-Nôm : oành 瑩
瑪 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mraːʔ) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bée • Hokkien · Tai-lo : má • Middle-Chinese : maeX Used in 瑪瑙／玛瑙 (mǎnǎo). • a surname • Used in transcription. agate • onyx 瑪 • (ma) · 瑪 • (ma) (hangeul 마, revised ma, McCune–Reischauer ma, Yale ma) Hán-Nôm : mã • Hán-Nôm : mẽ 瑪
瑯 Characters in the same phonetic series (良) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːŋ) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 郎 (OC *raːŋ) Hokkien · Tai-lo : long • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông precious stone 瑯 • (rang>nang) · 瑯 • (rang>nang) (hangeul 랑>낭, revised rang>nang, McCune–Reischauer rang>nang, Yale lang>nang) Hán-Nôm : lang 瑯
璋 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsyang a small jade ornament that can be hung at the waist or on other items such as fans, swords, or even lanterns • jade plaything 璋 • (jang) · 璋 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang) 璋
璜 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaːŋ) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwang (historical) semi-circular jade pendant used for ritual and ornamental purposes • Used in 璜璜. jade ornament semicircular in shape 璜 • (hwang) · 璜 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang) a semicircular jade ornament used as a pendant 璜
璣 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯl) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 幾 (OC *kɯl, *kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl, *ɡɯls). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Middle-Chinese : kj+j imperfect pearl • (historical) an ancient astronomical instrument 璣 • (gi) · 璣 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki) 璣
璦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯːds) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 愛 (OC *qɯːds). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi³ • Middle-Chinese : 'ojH fine quality jade 璦
瓊 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷeŋ) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 夐 (OC *qʰʷeːns, *qʰʷeŋs). ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 瓊 – see 璿. \ (This character is a variant form of 璿). \ Borrowed from English June. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiông • Middle-Chinese : gjwieng ‖ (literary) fine jade (particularly red jade) • (literary) elegant; exquisite; beautiful • (abbreviation) Hainan • a surname ‖ A transliteration of the English female given name June 瓊 • (gyeong) · 瓊 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng) Hán-Nôm : quỳnh • Hán-Nôm : quạnh • Hán-Nôm : quầng • Hán-Nôm : quýnh • Hán-Nôm : quành • Hán-Nôm : quềnh • Hán-Nôm : lương 瓊
瓏 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ, “dragon”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : long • Middle-Chinese : luwng a kind of jade that is for requesting rain and has the figure of a Chinese dragon on it clarity • sound of jewels 瓏 • (rong>nong) · 瓏 • (rong>nong) (hangeul 롱>농, revised rong>nong, McCune–Reischauer rong>nong, Yale long>nong) Hán-Nôm : lung • Hán-Nôm : long 瓏
瓠 ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁶ • Middle-Chinese : huH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wok⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ calabash gourd ‖ (obsolete) Used in 瓠蘆／瓠芦, alternative form of 葫蘆／葫芦 (húlu, “bottle gourd; calabash”) • (obsolete) container made of a large old bottle gourd • (obsolete) Alternative form of 壺／壶 (hú, “jar; jog”) • (Taiwanese Hakka) bottle gourd; calabash ‖ (obsolete) Only used in 瓠落 (“vast; spacious; frustrated”). ‖ Only used in 瓠讘／瓠𰵹 (“a county during the Han dynasty”). gourd 瓠 • (ho) · 瓠 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho) 瓠
甄 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ken, *kin) : phonetic 垔 (OC *qin) + semantic 瓦. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsin • Middle-Chinese : tsyin • Middle-Chinese : kjien to make pottery • potter's wheel • to examine; to distinguish; to select the best • a surname ‖ 甄(けん) • (ken) ‖ 甄(けん) • (Ken) ceramic, porcelain • distinction; to distinguish • clear, distinct ‖ porcelain, ceramic ‖ a surname 甄 • (gyeon, jin) · 甄 • (gyeon, jin) (hangeul 견, 진, revised gyeon, jin, McCune–Reischauer kyŏn, chin, Yale kyen, cin) Hán-Nôm : chân • Hán-Nôm : nhân 甄
甌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoː) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo, “vessel”) + semantic 瓦 (“pottery”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔəw-ŋ (“pot; vat; jar”) (reconstructed provisionally). Related to 碗 (OC *qoːnʔ, “bowl”) and possibly 甕 (OC *qoːŋs, “urn”). Compare Burmese အိုး (ui:, “pot”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cantonese · Jyutping : au¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : au • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io • Middle-Chinese : 'uw small bowl; small cup; small tray • Abbreviation of 溫州／温州 (Wēnzhōu): Wenzhou (a prefecture-level city in Zhejiang, in southeastern China) • a surname • (Penang Hokkien) cup • (Penang Hokkien) classifier for cups of drinks small jar • jug 甌 (eum 구 (gu)) bowl, cup • small tray Hán-Nôm : âu 甌
甕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoːŋs) : phonetic 雍 (OC *qoŋ, *qoŋs) + semantic 瓦 (“earthenware”). \ Probably Sino-Tibetan (Unger, 1999; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔəw-ŋ (“pot; vat; jar”) provisionally. \ Within Chinese, compare 甌 (OC *qoː, “small bowl; small cup”), 碗 (OC *qoːnʔ, “bowl”), 罌 (OC *qreːŋ, “earthen jar”), 盎 (OC *qaːŋʔ, *qaːŋs, “earthen jar”), 癰 (OC *qoŋ, “carbuncle; ulcer”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). \ Also compare Tibetan གཞོང (gzhong, “basin; tub; bowl”), Lepcha ᰈᰨᰵᰕᰨ (joŋ-mo, “bucket, tub”), Proto-Loloish *ʔ-loŋ² (“pot”) (Unger, 1999). Cantonese · Jyutping : ung³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : àng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : òng • Middle-Chinese : 'uwngH urn; pottery jar • a surname ‖ 甕(かめ) • (kame) ‖ 甕(みか) • (mika) ‖ 甕(みかわ) • (mikawa) ‖ 甕(もたい) • (motai) ^(←もたひ (motafi)?) ‖ 甕(たしらか) • (tashiraka) jug, cistern ‖ earthenware pot ‖ large earthenware pot for brewing sake ‖ large earthenware pot for brewing sake ‖ earthenware vessel for sake, etc ‖ earthenware vessel used by the emperor to clean his hands 甕 • (ong) · 甕 • (ong) (hangeul 옹, revised ong, McCune–Reischauer ong, Yale ong) Hán-Nôm : úng • Hán-Nôm : ống • Hán-Nôm : ổng 甕
甦 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : from 更生 (“to be reborn”). \ From *s- (“causative prefix”) + a root **ŋˤa, the latter found in 寤 (OC *ŋˤa-s, “to awake”), 悟 (OC *ŋˤa-s, “to awake; to realize”) (Baxter and Sagart, 2014; Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, Zhang, Jacques, and Lai (2019) compare it to Japhug sŋa (“to come to oneself”), Cogtse Situ [Term?] (kə-mə-sŋâr, “to feel cold”), Brag-bar Situ [Term?] (kə-mə-sŋiɛ̂r, “to come to oneself”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : soo • Middle-Chinese : su (literary) to revive; to resuscitate; to regain consciousness 甦 (eum 소 (so)) Hán-Nôm : tô 甦
甬 Characters in the same phonetic series (用) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a bell. In the bronze inscription, the lower part evolved into 用 (OC *loŋs), which serves as a phonetic component. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng • Middle-Chinese : yowngX handle of a bell • path screened by walls on both sides • An ancient name for Ningbo, a city in Zhejiang province • The Yong River in Ningbo road with walls on both sides Hán-Nôm : dũng 甬
甭 From a northern dialectal pronunciation of 不用. ‖ Contraction of 毋通 (m̄-thang). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bung² ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : bang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mang ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : mài (dialectal Mandarin) Contraction of 不用 (“needn't”). • (Beijing Mandarin) Indicates a rhetorical question: could it be that...; is it possible that... ‖ (Hokkien) do not; don't; cannot ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 莫 (mài, “do not”) Hán-Nôm : bằng 甭
画 ‖ 画(が) • (ga) ‖ 画(が) • (-ga) ‖ 画(かく) • (kaku) ‖ 画(かく) • (kaku) ‖ 画(かく) • (-kaku) ‖ picture, drawing, painting • movie, film, video ‖ genre or style of painting ‖ delimiter, demarcation, stopping point • plan, strategy ‖ stroke (the individual lines and dots that comprise a kanji character) • a line in the divinatory trigrams of the I Ching: "—" (陽) and "- -" (陰) ‖ number of strokes in a kanji 画 (eumhun 그림 화 (geurim hwa)) ‖ 画 (eumhun 그을 획 (geueul hoek)) Alternative form of 畫 ‖ Alternative form of 畫 画
畚 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phún • Middle-Chinese : pwonX bamboo or wicker scoop; basket • dustpan • (dialectal) to scoop up with a dustpan 畚 • (bun) · 畚 • (bun) (hangeul 분, revised bun, McCune–Reischauer pun, Yale pun) 畚
畦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷeː) : semantic 田 + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : hwej (obsolete) A unit of surface area, equal to 25 or 50 mu (畝／亩 (mǔ)) • ridge-bordered rectangular section of land in a field • (obsolete) to divide a field into sections and cultivate rice paddy ridge • furrow • rib 畦 • (hyu) · 畦 • (hyu) (hangeul 휴, revised hyu, McCune–Reischauer hyu, Yale hyu) sections in vegetable farm 畦
畿 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯl) : semantic 田 + abbreviated phonetic 幾 (OC *kɯl, *kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl, *ɡɯls). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : gj+j imperial domain; area near the capital capital, suburbs of capital 畿 (eumhun 경기 기 (gyeonggi gi)) hanja form of 기 (“area near the capital”) canonical : 畿: Hán Việt readings: kì • canonical : kỳ 畿: Nôm readings: kì • canonical : kỳ imperial domain; area near the capital 畿
疇 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *du) : semantic 田 (“field”) + phonetic 壽 (OC *djuʔ, *djus). \ ; “who” Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiû • Middle-Chinese : drjuw (agriculture) field; farmland; arable land • (agriculture, specifically) hemp field • (agriculture) division in a field between different types of crops • (agriculture) to hill up; to earth up • to make equal • kind; class; category • Alternative form of 籌／筹 (chóu, “to calculate; to plan”) • Alternative form of 酬 (chóu, “to repay; to thank”) • who • Meaningless particle. • (～國) Chou (an ancient state in modern Henan) • a surname companion, mate, colleague 疇 (eumhun 밭이랑 주 (bachirang ju)) hanja form of 주 (“furrow”) 疇
疊 畾 + 宜 – a pile. \ Originally as 曡, with 晶 (jīng) on top. Shuowen commented that the shape change was promoted by emperor of the short-lived Xin Dynasty, who deemed the use of three "suns" (日) in this character too empowering - compared to three "fields" (田). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/l-t(y)ap (“fold, layer, pile up, repeat”). Cognate with 褶 (“lined dress”), Tibetan ལྟབ (ltab, “to fold, gather up, to lay or put together”), ལྡེབ (ldeb, “to bend round or back, to turn round, to double down”), ལྡབ (ldab, “to fold up, repeat, do again”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tha̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍p • Middle-Chinese : dep to fold; to fold up • to fold over in layers; to pile up; to be piled up • to repeat; to duplicate; to be repetitious • Classifier for piles/layers. • (Southern Min) to add; to increase (over the existing foundation) • Alternative form of 㲲 (dié) • a surname: Die ‖ ‖ 疊 • (cheop) · 疊 • (cheop) (hangeul 첩, revised cheop, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏp, Yale chep) canonical : 疊: Hán Việt readings: điệp 疊: Nôm readings: điệp • canonical : đệp • canonical : xếp chữ Hán form of điệp (“fold in layers”). 疊
疋 Pictogram (象形) – a foot 止 with a leg/thigh on top. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Middle-Chinese : srjo • Middle-Chinese : srjoX foot ‖ 疋(ひき) • (-hiki) counter for horses, mules, and small animals • counter for rolls of cloth • a measure of cloth • foot (rare) ‖ Alternative form of 匹: counter for smaller animals 疋 • (pil, so) · 疋 • (pil, so) (hangeul 필, 소, revised pil, so, McCune–Reischauer p'il, so, Yale phil, so) roll, bolt of cloth • foot Hán-Nôm : sất • Hán-Nôm : thất • Hán-Nôm : sơ 疋
疝 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sreːn, *sraːns) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 山 (OC *sreːn). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sàn • Middle-Chinese : srean • Middle-Chinese : sraenH (pathology) hernia 疝 • (san) · 疝 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san) Hán-Nôm : sán 疝
疥 Cantonese · Jyutping : gaai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kè • Middle-Chinese : keajH scabies scabby eruption 疥 • (gae) · 疥 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay) scabies, itch 疥
疳 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kam (traditional Chinese medicine) infantile malnutrition due to digestive disturbances or intestinal parasites ‖ 疳(かん) • (kan) ‖ (traditional Chinese medicine) infantile neurosis where there is nocturnal crying as well as convulsions • Alternative spelling of 癇 (kan): nerves, temper • Short for 疳疾 (kanshitsu): 疳 • (gam) · 疳 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam) childhood diseases 疳
疵 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dzje illness • defect • calamity • censure • black spot; naevus 疵 • (ja) · 疵 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca) 疵
疽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰa) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi¹ • Middle-Chinese : tshjo (traditional Chinese medicine) ulcer; carbuncle; abscess 疽 • (jeo) · 疽 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce) 疽
痔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dɯʔ) : semantic 疒 (“sickness”) + phonetic 寺 (OC *ljɯs) Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tī • Middle-Chinese : driX hemorrhoid ‖ 痔(じ) • (ji) ^(←ぢ (di)?) illness in the anal region ‖ (pathology) hemorrhoids, piles 痔 • (chi) · 痔 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi) Hán-Nôm : trĩ 痔
痙 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kīng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kǐng • Middle-Chinese : gjiengX convulsions, fits have a cramp 痙 • (gyeong) · 痙 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng) canonical : 痙: Hán Việt readings: kính 痙
痞 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯʔ, *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 否 (OC *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ). \ "Protuberance"? > "enlargement of an abdominal organ; pain due to splenomegaly" > "[dialectal] abdominal tumour". ‖ "Bad" > "obscene; ferocious; rascal". Its use is most prominent in dialects of Hubei and Hunan, and possibly originates from the ancient dialectal pronunciation of 匪 (“bad, evil, bandit”), same as Min Nan 歹 (phái(ⁿ), “bad”). \ It may be the origin of some uses of 皮 (pí), for example 調皮 (“naughty”), 賴皮 (“shameless”) and 頑皮 (“naughty”). \ The Cantonese pronunciation is probably due to confusion with 踎 (mau1, “to squat”), as this word is not native to Cantonese. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei² • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phí • Middle-Chinese : pijX • Middle-Chinese : bijX • Middle-Chinese : pjuwX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mau¹ enlargement or lump in the abdomen; in particular, splenomegaly or hepatomegaly • (traditional Chinese medicine) stuffiness, fullness and discomfort in the epigastrium; dyspepsia or constipation • (dialectal Mandarin) abdominal tumour • (Eastern Min, Southern Min) scab; healed wound • (Southern Min) scurf; flakes on the skin surface ‖ rascal; scoundrel • (dialectal) to act perversely; to behave like a hoodlum • (dialectal) to act shamelessly; to violate rules • (dialectal) frivolous; slippery • (dialectal) obscene; indecent; vulgar • (dialectal) ferocious; fierce • (dialectal) bad; evil 痞 • (bi) · 痞 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi) 痞
痣 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjɯs) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 志 (OC *tjɯs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kì • Middle-Chinese : tsyiH colored spot on skin; mole; nevus • a surname ‖ 痣(あざ) • (aza) birthmark, nevus • bruise ‖ bruise, birthmark 痣 • (ji) · 痣 • (ji) (hangeul 지) 痣
痱 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fai⁶⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : fai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huì • Middle-Chinese : bj+j • Middle-Chinese : bwojX • Middle-Chinese : bj+jH prickly heat 痱
痺 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pe) : semantic 疒 (“sickness”) + phonetic 卑 (OC *pe). \ Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Japhug ndʑɯrpɯt (“to be numb”) (Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pì • Middle-Chinese : pjie paralysis; numbness • (Cantonese) numb; paralysed 痺 • (bi) · 痺 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi) Hán-Nôm : tê • Hán-Nôm : tí • Hán-Nôm : tý paralysis; numbness 痺
痿 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uí • Middle-Chinese : 'jwe • Middle-Chinese : nywe (traditional Chinese medicine) to be lacking in sexual energies 痿 • (wi) · 痿 • (wi) (hangeul 위, revised wi, McCune–Reischauer wi, Yale wi) 痿
瘀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qas) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 於 (OC *qaː, *qa). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu³ • Middle-Chinese : 'joH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu² bruise • bruised ‖ (Cantonese) embarrassing 瘀 • (eo) · 瘀 • (eo) (hangeul 어, revised eo, McCune–Reischauer ŏ, Yale e) 瘀
瘁 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dzwijH overworked; tired; exhausted • troubled; distressed • haggard; weak 瘁 • (chwi) · 瘁 • (chwi) (hangeul 취, revised chwi, McCune–Reischauer ch'wi, Yale chwi) 瘁
瘉 瘉 • (yu) · 瘉 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu) 瘉
瘋 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *plum) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 風 (OC *plum, *plums). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong to go crazy; to become insane; to go mad • to play wilfully; to engage in wild play • mentally unstable; crazy; insane; mad • overgrown Crazy • Fast • Wild 瘋 • (pung) · 瘋 • (pung) (hangeul 풍, revised pung, McCune–Reischauer p'ung, Yale phung) Hán-Nôm : phong • Hán-Nôm : phung 瘋
瘓 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tqʰʷaːnʔ) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 奐 (OC *qʰʷaːns). Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huàn • Middle-Chinese : thwanX Only used in 癱瘓／瘫痪 (tānhuàn). 瘓
瘠 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zeɡ) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 脊 (OC *ʔseɡ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dzjek barren lean, thin • barren, sterile 瘠 • (cheok) · 瘠 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek) Hán-Nôm : tích 瘠
瘡 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshong • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjang wound; cut • sore; skin ulcer; boil ‖ 瘡(かさ) • (kasa) sore ‖ sore 瘡 • (chang) · 瘡 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang, Yale chang) 瘡
瘧 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋawɢ) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 虐 (OC *ŋawɢ). \ Perhaps related to 虐 (OC *ŋawɢ, “to oppress, to coerce, to be violent”). \ Compare Thai งก ๆ (ngók-ngók, “shivering, shaking (due to fever or fear)”), Thai หงก ๆ (ngòk-ngòk, “shivering (as from ague)”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄩㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joek⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gia̍k • Middle-Chinese : ngjak (medicine) ague; malaria; intermittent fever and shivering • Alternative form of 虐 (nüè, “abuse; to be abused”) (pathology) malaria 瘧 • (hak) · 瘧 • (hak) (hangeul 학, revised hak, McCune–Reischauer hak, Yale hak) 瘧
瘴 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kjaŋs) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 章 (OC *kjaŋ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàng • Middle-Chinese : tsyangH miasma; noxious vapours arising from a swamp Miasma, toxic air or gasses. 瘴 • (jang) · 瘴 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang) Hán-Nôm : chướng 瘴
癆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːw, *raːw, *raːws) : semantic 疒 (“sickness”) + phonetic 勞 (OC *raːw, *raːws). \ From 勞 (OC *raːw, *raːws, “to toil”) (Wang, 1982). ‖ Possibly related to 療 (OC *rews, “to cure”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare ancient Chu dialect 瘌 (OC *raːd, “to be poisoned by medication”). Cognate to Mizo ru (“bark, roots, leaves or fruit which can be used to poison fish”), Jingpho mə-rau (“fishing by stupefying fish by poisonous vines”), Burmese ရိုး (rui:, “fish poison”) (Starostin). Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˋ • Middle-Chinese : lawH (traditional Chinese medicine) internal injury caused by overstraining • tuberculosis; pulmonary tuberculosis • (Southwestern Mandarin, dialectal Gan) to have an upset stomach because of the lack of fats in one's diet; to crave meat • (Xiang, of plants) to wither (in the sun) • (Xiang, of a person) to be dispirited; depressed ‖ (ancient Northern Yan and Joseon region) to be poisoned (by medication) • (Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin, Gan, Xiang, transitive) to poison • painful 癆 • (ro>no) · 癆 • (ro>no) (hangeul 로>노, revised ro>no, McCune–Reischauer ro>no, Yale lo>no) Hán-Nôm : lao 癆
癒 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 愈 (OC *loʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ to heal; to get well; to recover healing 癒 • (yu) · 癒 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu) canonical : 癒: Hán Việt readings: dũ 癒: Nôm readings: dũ • canonical : dú • canonical : rũ chữ Hán form of dũ (“recover”). 癒
癘 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ljejH epidemic; plague • sore; ulcer contagious disease • leprosy 癘 • (ryeo>yeo) · 癘 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye) 癘
癢 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋʔ) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 養 (OC *laŋʔ, *laŋs). \ Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan, though the exact etymon is unclear. Compare Tibetan གཡའ (g.ya', “to itch”), Jingpho kaya (“to itch”), Burmese ယား (ya:, “to itch”), Japhug rɤʑa (“to itch”) (Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2017; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019), which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ja (“to itch”). Also compare Lepcha ᰚᰭ (yak, “to itch”) (Schuessler, 2007), which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-sak (“to itch”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiūnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiǔnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiōnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiāunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iáng • Middle-Chinese : yangX itchy; ticklish • itching to do something itchy 癢 • (yang) · 癢 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang) Hán-Nôm : dưỡng • Hán-Nôm : ngứa 癢
癥 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tɯŋ) : semantic 疒 (“disease”) + phonetic 徵 (OC *tɯʔ, *tɯŋ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ting • Middle-Chinese : tring (traditional Chinese medicine) lump in the abdomen • (traditional Chinese medicine) abdominal tumor; bowel obstruction 癥 • (jing) · 癥 • (jing) (hangeul 징, revised jing, McCune–Reischauer ching, Yale cing) Hán-Nôm : trưng • Hán-Nôm : chứng 癥
癩 Cantonese · Jyutping : laai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laat⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thái • Middle-Chinese : lajH • Middle-Chinese : lat leprosy • (regional) favus, especially of the scalp • coarse; uneven; rough ‖ 癩(らい) • (rai) leprosy ‖ (dated, derogatory) leprosy 癩 • (ra>na) · 癩 • (ra>na) (hangeul 라>나, revised ra>na, McCune–Reischauer ra>na, Yale la>na) hanja form of 나 (“leprosy”) Hán-Nôm : lại • Hán-Nôm : cùi • Hán-Nôm : lầy 癩
癬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *senʔ) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 鮮 (OC *sen, *senʔ, *sens). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuánn • Middle-Chinese : sjenX (dermatology, pathology) ringworm; tinea １．Ringworm 癬 • (seon) · 癬 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen) 癬
癮 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯn) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 隱 (OC *qɯnʔ, *qɯns). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ín ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : giàn addiction; craving (Classifier: 鋪／铺 c) • (dialectal) to like (doing something) • (dialectal) to crave; to be addicted to ‖ (Eastern Min, Southern Min) addiction; craving • (Eastern Min, Southern Min) to like (doing something) • (Eastern Min, Southern Min) to crave; to be addicted to • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to have a tendency to; to easily do something • (Taiwanese Hokkien) stupid; foolish • (Taiwanese Hokkien, often in the negative) willing • (Taiwanese Hokkien) skinny; lean 癮 (eum 은 (eun)) Hán-Nôm : ẩn 癮
癱 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰaːn) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 難 (OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns). Cantonese · Jyutping : taan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : than • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuann paralysis; palsy; numbness 癱 • (tan) · 癱 • (tan) (hangeul 탄, revised tan, McCune–Reischauer t'an, Yale than) Hán-Nôm : than 癱
癲 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːn) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 顛 (OC *tiːn, *tʰiːns). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tian • Middle-Chinese : ten crazy; nuts; mad • (Cantonese) to be mad; to display insane behavior to collapse due to a mental disorder or a nervous disorder • epilepsy 癲 • (jeon) · 癲 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen) 癲
皈 Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Originally 𦤇, which is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 自 (“self”) + 反 (“to return; to move back”). Later 自 was corrupted into 白. Alternative form of 帰 chữ Hán form of quy (“refuge”). 皈
皎 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiáu • Middle-Chinese : kewX white • bright, brilliant • clear 皎 (eum 교 (gyo)) Hán-Nôm : kiểu 皎
皚 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɯːl) : semantic 白 (“white”) + phonetic 豈 (OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngoi⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khái • Middle-Chinese : ngoj pure white; snow white white 皚 • (ae) · 皚 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ya) Hán-Nôm : ngai 皚
皰 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phā • Middle-Chinese : phaewH • Middle-Chinese : baewH blister; bleb • pimple; acne • eyelid Hán-Nôm : bào 皰
皴 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceon¹ • Middle-Chinese : tshwin to be chapped • (Mandarin, colloquial) grime on one's skin ‖ 皴(しわ) • (shiwa) ‖ wrinkles in skin, paper, cloth, or some other surface • ripples on the surface of water • a pattern of cracks and wrinkles on the surface of an 烏帽子 (eboshi, “traditional Japanese formal black hat”) formed as the black lacquer dries 皴 • (jun) · 皴 • (jun) (hangeul 준, revised jun, McCune–Reischauer chun, Yale cwun) 皴
皺 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsrus) : phonetic 芻 (OC *sʰro) + semantic 皮. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiâu • Middle-Chinese : tsrjuwH wrinkle; crease; fold • to wrinkle; to crease ‖ 皺(さび) • (sabi) ‖ 皺(しぼ) • (shibo) ‖ 皺(しわ) • (shiwa) ‖ a pattern of cracks and wrinkles on the surface of an 烏帽子 (eboshi, “traditional Japanese formal black hat”) formed as the black lacquer dries ‖ a pattern of cracks and wrinkles on the surface of an 烏帽子 (eboshi, “traditional Japanese formal black hat”) formed as the black lacquer dries • a pattern of puckers and bulges in a cloth, caused by the warp and woof of the material • a similar pattern of puckers and bulges formed on the surface of paper or leather ‖ wrinkles in skin, paper, cloth, or some other surface • ripples on the surface of water • a pattern of cracks and wrinkles on the surface of an 烏帽子 (eboshi, “traditional Japanese formal black hat”) formed as the black lacquer dries 皺 • (chu) · 皺 • (chu) (hangeul 추, revised chu, McCune–Reischauer ch'u, Yale chwu) Hán-Nôm : trứu • Hán-Nôm : nhíu • Hán-Nôm : sô 皺
盂 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷa) : phonetic 于 (OC *ɢʷa) + semantic 皿 (“dish; vessel”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ôo • Middle-Chinese : hju broad-mouthed receptacle for holding liquids and foods • (historical) name of a hunting formation • (～縣) Yu County, Yuxian (a county of Yangquan, Shanxi, China) • a surname ‖ bowl (container for foods and liquids) • Used in transliteration of Sanskrit terms. ‖ 盂 • (u) · 盂 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u, Yale wu) canonical : 盂: Hán Việt readings: vu 盂: Nôm readings: vu • canonical : vò chữ Hán form of vu (“cup”). • Nôm form of vò (“jar”). 盂
盃 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *plɯː) : phonetic 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ') + semantic 皿. 盃 • (bae) · 盃 • (bae) (hangeul 배, revised bae, McCune–Reischauer pae, Yale pay) canonical : 盃: Hán Việt readings: bôi 盃: Nôm readings: bôi • canonical : bui • canonical : bùi • canonical : vôi • canonical : vội • canonical : vui • canonical : vùi Alternative form of 杯 (“chữ Hán form of bôi (“cup”).”) 盃
盍 Original form of 蓋. Pictogram (象形) , a container and its lid. \ From the fusion of 何不 (OC *ɡaːl pɯ, “why not”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a̍p • Middle-Chinese : hap (Classical) why; how • (Classical) why not • Used in 盍簪. • Used in 盍旦. • Original form of 蓋／盖 (gài, “to cover”). • a surname come together • congregate • meet • cover 盍 • (hap) · 盍 • (hap) (hangeul 합) Hán-Nôm : hạp • Hán-Nôm : khạp 盍
盎 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːŋʔ, *qaːŋs) : phonetic 央 (OC *qaŋ) + semantic 皿 (“dish; vessel”) ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : òng • Middle-Chinese : 'angX • Middle-Chinese : 'angH ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : on¹ (historical) an earthen vessel with a big belly and a small mouth • brimming; overflowing ‖ (Hakka) Alternative form of 罌／罂 (“bottle”) ‖ Used in transcription. • (Cantonese) Short for 盎士 (on¹ si⁶⁻²), alternative form of 安士 (on¹ si⁶⁻², “ounce”). cup • pot • bowl • abundant 盎 • (ang) · 盎 • (ang) (hangeul 앙, revised ang, McCune–Reischauer ang, Yale ang) 동이: an earthen vessel with a big belly and a small mouth • spill over 盎
盗 Simplified from 盜 (㳄 → 次) steal, rob 盗
盞 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsreːnʔ) : phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn) + semantic 皿 (“vessel”). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsán • Middle-Chinese : tsreanX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan² small cup or container • Classifier for lamps, lanterns, or cups of drink. ‖ (of lifestyle or enjoyment) enjoyable • will only 盞 • (jan) · 盞 • (jan) (hangeul 잔, revised jan, McCune–Reischauer chan, Yale can) romanization : trản • romanization : chén small cup 盞
盥 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𦥑 (“pair of hands”) + 水 (“water”) + 皿 (“vessel”) – hands holding water from a vessel. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : fun² • Middle-Chinese : kwanX • Middle-Chinese : kwanH to wash (the hands or face) • washbasin ‖ 盥(たらい) • (tarai) ^(←たらひ (tarafi)?) ‖ tub, basin 盥 • (gwan) · 盥 • (gwan) (hangeul 관, revised gwan, McCune–Reischauer kwan, Yale kwan) 盥
盧 Originally a pictogram (象形) – an oven. 虍 and 皿 were added in the bronze inscriptions, and the oven pictogram came to be written 田, making the current form a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *b·raː) : phonetic 虍 (OC *qʰaː) + semantic 田 (“pictogram of an oven”) + semantic 皿 (“vessel”). This sense (“oven”) is now represented by the character 爐／炉 (lú). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : lu a surname • (obsolete) rice bowl • (obsolete) black • (Taiwan slang) sloppy • Short for 盧森堡／卢森堡 (Lúsēnbǎo). 盧 (eumhun 밥그릇 로 (bapgeureut ro), word-initial (South Korea) 밥그릇 노 (bapgeureut no)) Hán-Nôm : lư • Hán-Nôm : lờ • Hán-Nôm : lừ • Hán-Nôm : lô • Hán-Nôm : lơ • Hán-Nôm : lợ • Hán-Nôm : lu • Hán-Nôm : lũ • Hán-Nôm : lứa 盧
盪 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tňg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǒng • Middle-Chinese : thang • Middle-Chinese : dangX • Middle-Chinese : thangH to toss; to swing; to rock; to sway; to wave • to cleanse; to wash away; to rinse • to cleanse; to wash away; to rinse · (Mainland China Hokkien) to wash by shaking the water stored in a container (to remove dirt) • to root out; to wipe out; to clear away; to sweep off • to loaf about • (Hakka) to slap with the palm of the hand 盪 • (tang) · 盪 • (tang) (hangeul 탕, revised tang, McCune–Reischauer t'ang, Yale thang) Hán-Nôm : đãng 盪
眩 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷeːn, *ɡʷeːn) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 玄 (OC *ɡʷeːn). \ Related to 熒 (OC wêŋ). See there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hîn • Middle-Chinese : hwen • Middle-Chinese : hwenH dizzy; giddy; vertiginous • (literary) puzzled; bewildered • Alternative form of 炫 (xuàn, “to dazzle”) 眩 • (hyeon, hwan) · 眩 • (hyeon, hwan) (hangeul 현, 환, revised hyeon, hwan, McCune–Reischauer hyŏn, hwan, Yale hyen, hwan) 眩
眸 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mu) : semantic 目 + phonetic 牟 (OC *mu). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : mjuw (anatomy) pupil (of the eye) • (by extension) eye the pupil of an eye • the iris of an eye • eye 眸 • (mo) · 眸 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo, Yale mo) 眸
眾 Pictogram (象形) : a sun (日) above three humans (㐺) – people gathered or working under the sun. \ The top, originally 日 (“sun”) in oracle script has been modified, in bronze script resembling instead a horizontal eye (early form of 目) – reinterpreted as “a crowd under someone’s gaze”, and now resembles 罒. \ The bottom, originally three figures (人人人), uses various forms of 人 and 亻, with variation depending on font. \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-toŋ (“thousand”) (Peiros and Starostin, 1996; STEDT); if so, cognate with Tibetan སྟོང (stong, “thousand”), Burmese ထောင် (htaung, “thousand”), Drung tu (“thousand”), Nuosu ꄙ (dur, “thousand”). \ Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) compares this word with Classical Tibetan [script needed] (yong, “in all, at all times, ever before”) and Tibetan ཡོངས (yongs, “all, whole”). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiòng • Middle-Chinese : tsyuwngH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsyuwng masses; people; multitude; crowd; everyone • everything; all matters • all the government officials • soldier; army; troops • slave labour in agriculture • (Buddhism) number of monks • many; numerous • majority • various; different • general; common • 32nd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "legion" (𝌥) • a surname ‖ glutinous millet Alternative form of 衆 眾 • (jung) · 眾 • (jung) (hangeul 중, revised jung, McCune–Reischauer chung, Yale cwung) Hán-Nôm : chúng 眾
睏 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 困 (OC *kʰuːns). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khùn sleepy; tired • (dialectal) to sleep to sleep; be sleepy, drowsy • to die Hán-Nôm : khốn 睏
睜 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Middle-Chinese : dzjengX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing Used in 眳睜／眳睁. ‖ to open one's eye to open one's eye • to stare 睜 • (jeong) · 睜 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng) pupil Hán-Nôm : tĩnh • Hán-Nôm : tranh • Hán-Nôm : tránh 睜
睞 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯːs) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 來 (OC *m·rɯːɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lāi • Middle-Chinese : lojH (literary or Hakka) to glance at; to look sideways at; to squint at 睞
睥 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phè • Middle-Chinese : phejH Used in 睥睨 (pìnì). 睥 • (bi) · 睥 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi) 睥
睨 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gio̍h • Middle-Chinese : ngejH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : gîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gîrn (literary) to look askance at; to glance at from the side • (archaic) to look at; to watch ‖ (Hokkien) to glare to glare at, to scowl at • authority, power • to stare 睨 • (ye) · 睨 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey) 睨
睽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷiːl) : semantic 䀠 (“two eyes”) + phonetic 癸 (OC *kʷilʔ). The 䀠 (jù) (two eyes) component later became a 目 (mù) (eye) component. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khui • Middle-Chinese : khwej opposed; contrary; separated • to separate; to part • to stare; only used in 睽睽 (kuíkuí) and 睽睢. • 38th hexagram of the I Ching staring 睽 (eum 규 (gyu)) squint, strabismus • stare Hán-Nôm : khóe • Hán-Nôm : khoé • Hán-Nôm : khuê 睽
睿 Simplified from 叡, see there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : juē • Middle-Chinese : ywejH shrewd; astute; clever; keen; farsighted • emperor • Confucius 睿 • (ye) · 睿 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey) Hán-Nôm : duệ 睿
瞇 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 目 + phonetic 迷 (OC *miː). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mi to squint; to narrow one's eyes • (colloquial) to take a nap • (Zhongshan Min Cantonese and Min) to sleep • (Southern Min) to look furtively • (Teochew) to close one's eyes Hán-Nôm : mị 瞇
瞌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰaːb) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 盍 (OC *ɡaːb). Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kheh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khereh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khap ^⁜ sleepy • (Cantonese) to doze • (Hokkien, Teochew, Leizhou Min) to close (one's eyes) • (Leizhou Min, Hainanese) to sleep 瞌
瞑 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *meːn, *meːns, *meːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 冥 (OC *meːŋ, “dark”) – to close one's eyes. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *meːn, *meːns, *meːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 冥 (OC *meːŋ, “dark”) – to close one's eyes. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *meːn, *meːns, *meːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 冥 (OC *meːŋ, “dark”) – to close one's eyes. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mêe • Middle-Chinese : meng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : min⁶ • Middle-Chinese : menH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˊ • Middle-Chinese : men to close one's eyes • (literary, of eyesight) dim ‖ Only used in 暝眩. ‖ Alternative form of 眠 (“to sleep; to nap”) to close one's eyes; to pass away • dim; dark • blind person 瞑 • (myeong, myeon) · 瞑 • (myeong, myeon) (hangeul 명, 면, revised myeong, myeon, McCune–Reischauer myŏng, myŏn, Yale myeng, myen) Hán-Nôm : manh 瞑
瞞 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moːn) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 㒼 (, “to cover something carefully and tightly without a break”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muâ • Middle-Chinese : man to deceive; to lie; to conceal • eyes half-closed deception 瞞 • (man) · 瞞 • (man) (hangeul 만, revised man, McCune–Reischauer man, Yale man) deceive • lie • eyes half-closed Hán-Nôm : man 瞞
瞟 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiáu • Middle-Chinese : phjiew • Middle-Chinese : phjiewX 瞟
瞠 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rtʰaːŋ) : semantic 目 + phonetic 堂 (OC *daːŋ). \ Also occurs in Thai ถลึง (tlʉ̌ng, “to stare fiercely”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thenn • Middle-Chinese : trhaeng to stare at; to gaze at; to glare at stare intently 瞠 • (dang, cheong) · 瞠 • (dang, cheong) (hangeul 당, 청, revised dang, cheong, McCune–Reischauer tang, ch'ŏng, Yale tang, cheng) look at • stare at • gaze at Hán-Nôm : xanh 瞠
瞥 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰed, *pʰeːd) : phonetic 敝 (OC *beds, *bed) + semantic 目 (“eye”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiat • Middle-Chinese : phet • Middle-Chinese : phjiet to shoot a glance at 瞥 (eumhun 깜짝할 별 (kkamjjakhal byeol)) hanja form of 별 (“shoot a glance at”) 瞥 (miết) 瞥
瞰 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khàm • Middle-Chinese : khamH 瞰 • (gam) · 瞰 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam) to watch • to overlook, look down 瞰
瞽 From 鼓 (OC *kʷaːʔ, “drum”) (Schuessler, 2007), as musicians were blind in ancient times. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo • Middle-Chinese : kuX blind • undiscerning ‖ ‖ 瞽 • (go) · 瞽 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko) Hán-Nôm : cổ 瞽
瞿 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷas, *ɡʷa) : phonetic 䀠 (, “eyes”) + semantic 隹 (“bird”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷas, *ɡʷa) : phonetic 䀠 (, “eyes”) + semantic 隹 (“bird”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kù • Middle-Chinese : kjuH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khî • Middle-Chinese : gju (literary) shocked; scared; panic-stricken ‖ (historical) halberd-like weapon • Used in 瞿麥／瞿麦. • a surname 瞿 • (gu) · 瞿 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu) Hán-Nôm : cò • Hán-Nôm : cù • Hán-Nôm : cồ 瞿
矇 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bông • Middle-Chinese : muwng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bông • Middle-Chinese : muwng to cheat; to deceive; to dupe • to make a wild guess ‖ (literary) blind • Used in 矇矓／蒙眬 (ménglóng). 矇 • (mong) · 矇 • (mong) (hangeul 몽, revised mong, McCune–Reischauer mong, Yale mong) 矇
矓 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông 矓
矚 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsyowk to gaze at; to stare at look intently 矚 • (chok) · 矚 • (chok) (hangeul 촉, revised chok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ok, Yale chok) watch carefully • stare at • focus on 矚
矜 Corrupted from 矝, which is a Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ) : semantic 矛 (“spear”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs). Modern Mandarin pronunciation follows the corrupted phonetic part 今 (jīn). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khim • Middle-Chinese : king ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gin • Middle-Chinese : gj+n ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaan¹ to pity; to feel sorry for; to show sympathy for ‖ handle of a spear ‖ Alternative form of 鰥／鳏 (guān, “old man with no wife”) • Alternative form of 瘝 (guān, “to be ill”) pride • respect 矜 • (geung, geun) · 矜 • (geung, geun) (hangeul 긍, 근, revised geung, geun, McCune–Reischauer kŭng, kŭn, Yale kung, kun) pity • feel sorry for • show sympathy for 矜
矽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 夕 (xī). \ From English silicon. Coined by Chinese scientist Xu Shou in 1871. The term is dated in Mainland China as it is homophonous to 硒 (xī) "selenium" and 錫／锡 (xī) "tin". Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍k (chemistry, chiefly Taiwan and Hong Kong, dated in Mainland China) silicon 矽 • (seok) · 矽 • (seok) (hangeul 석, revised seok, McCune–Reischauer sŏk, Yale sek) canonical : 矽: Hán Việt readings: tịch 矽
砝 ; Etymology 1 \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 石 + abbreviated phonetic 法. \ ; Etymologies 2 and 3 \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːb, *kab) : semantic 石 + phonetic 去 (OC *kʰaʔ, *kʰas). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Middle-Chinese : kjaep ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Middle-Chinese : kap Used in 砝碼／砝码 (fǎmǎ). ‖ (obsolete, rare) hard ‖ (obsolete, rare) the sound of rocks 砝
砥 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjelʔ, *tjil, *tjilʔ, *tjils) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 氐 (OC *tiːl, *til). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : té • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tí • Middle-Chinese : tsyij • Middle-Chinese : tsyeX • Middle-Chinese : tsyijX (literary) fine-grained whetstone • to grind; to polish • to temper oneself; to steel oneself • smooth; level; even 砥 • (ji) · 砥 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci) 砥
砧 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔl'ɯm) : semantic 石 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tim • Middle-Chinese : trim base for beating or chopping · stone base for beating clothes • base for beating or chopping · anvil • base for beating or chopping · base for cutting or lethal sentence • base in general • (Hakka) to hold one's hands in closed fists and to strike with phalanx 砧 • (chim) · 砧 • (chim) (hangeul 침, revised chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'im, Yale chim) Hán-Nôm : châm 砧
砭 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pian • Middle-Chinese : pjem • Middle-Chinese : pjemH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˇ (traditional Chinese medicine) stone needle used in acupuncture • (traditional Chinese medicine) to stab with such a needle • to pierce • to treat; to cure • to counsel; advise • (literary) providing constructive criticisms and suggestions ‖ (dialectal) mountain slope; hillside stone probe • pierce • counsel 砭 • (pyeom) · 砭 • (pyeom) (hangeul 폄, revised pyeom, McCune–Reischauer p'yŏm, Yale phyem) stone needle Hán-Nôm : biếm 砭
砲 ‖ 砲(ほう) • (hō) ^(←はう (fau)?) ‖ 砲(ほう) • (-hō) ^(←はう (fau)?) cannon, artillery ‖ gun, firearm • (by extension) Alternative spelling of 大砲 (“cannon, artillery”) ‖ gun • cannon, artillery • ordnance 砲 (eumhun 대포 포 (daepo po)) hanja form of 포 (“cannon”) Hán-Nôm : pháo 砲
硃 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsyu cinnabar • ink made from cinnabar • red • a surname cinnabar 硃 • (ju) · 硃 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu) cinnabar 硃
硯 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiān • Middle-Chinese : ngenH inkstone inkstone 硯 • (yeon) · 硯 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, Yale yen) Hán-Nôm : nghiền • Hán-Nôm : nghiên • Hán-Nôm : nghiễn • Hán-Nôm : nghẽn • Hán-Nôm : khố 硯
硼 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 朋. \ Originally only used in 硼砂 (“borax”): first attested in 《丹方鑑源》 (Tang dynasty), as 大朋砂. The 硼 here is a loanword; compare Middle Persian bwlk' (bōrag). \ The “boron” sense of 硼 is a clipping or back-formation. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pang⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paang⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paang¹ (chemistry) boron ‖ (onomatopoeia) a loud sound • Alternative form of 蹦 (bèng, “to jump”) • Alternative form of 碰 (pèng, “to bump; to touch”) boron 硼 • (bung, pyeong) · 硼 • (bung, pyeong) (hangeul 붕, 평) 硼
碉 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : diu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiau room made of stone • pillbox; blockhouse 碉 (điêu) 碉
碩 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djaɡ) : phonetic 石 (OC *djaɡ) + semantic 頁. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄛˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sek⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍t • Middle-Chinese : dzyek large; big • great; eminent • beautiful; fine • firm; stable • Short for 碩士／硕士 (shuòshì, “master's degree”). • a surname large • great • eminent 碩 • (seok) · 碩 • (seok) (hangeul 석, revised seok, McCune–Reischauer sŏk, Yale sek) 碩 (thạc, thượt) 碩
碼 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mraːʔ) : semantic 石 (“stone; rock”) + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ). \ Before Qing dynasty, the character was used in word 碼瑙／码瑙 (Yupian) and 碼頭／码头 (mǎtou) (Stories to Awaken the World), both originally written with 馬／马 (mǎ). \ ; “gambling chip”, “chip for counting” (> “number”), “classifier for things” \ ; “yard” \ ; “kilometer per hour” \ ; “pixelization” \ ; “to reply to a post for reading it later” Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bée • Hokkien · Tai-lo : má • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bā • Middle-Chinese : maeX Used in 碼瑙／码瑙. • digit; number; code • (of shoes) number of size • (Cantonese, of clothing in general) size • yard (unit of length) • (Cantonese) Classifier for hours (of work). • (computing) code • code, encoding of a Chinese character into the Latin alphabet • Classifier for things, matter. • (colloquial) to pile up • (nonstandard) kilometer per hour • (Mainland China, neologism) pixelization • (Mainland China, neologism) to reply to a post for reading it later • (Mainland China, neologism) to type a document 碼 • (ma) · 碼 • (ma) (hangeul 마) Hán-Nôm : mã 碼
磋 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlaːl) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 差 (OC *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːls, *sʰral). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : co¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsha • Middle-Chinese : tshwaH (literal) to polish • ^⁜ (figurative) to deliberate 磋 • (cha) · 磋 • (cha) (hangeul 차, revised cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'a, Yale cha) Hán-Nôm : tha 磋
磐 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baːn) : phonetic 般 (OC *praːn, *paːn, *baːn) + semantic 石 (“stone”). \ ; “large rock” Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuân • Middle-Chinese : ban large rock; boulder • stable; firm • Alternative form of 盤／盘 (pán, “to linger; to not move away”) rock 磐 • (ban) · 磐 • (ban) (hangeul 반, revised ban, McCune–Reischauer pan, Yale pan) Hán-Nôm : bàn 磐
磚 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjon) : semantic 石 (“rock”) + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon). Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuan • Middle-Chinese : tsywen brick (Classifier: 塊／块 m) • tile; paving • (computing slang, figurative) brick (an electronic device, especially a heavy box-shaped one, that has become non-functional or obsolete) brick 磚 • (jeon) · 磚 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen) Hán-Nôm : chuyên • Hán-Nôm : gạch 磚
磬 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 殸 + 石 (“stone”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hing³ • Middle-Chinese : khengH stone chimes; sounding stone; qing • (Buddhism) inverted bell (a Buddhist percussion instrument) upside-V-shaped gong 磬 (eum 경 (gyeong)) Hán-Nôm : khánh 磬
磯 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯl) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 幾 (OC *kɯl, *kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl, *ɡɯls). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Middle-Chinese : kj+j (obsolete, of waves) to pound against rocks • (obsolete, figurative) to enrage; to offend • rock jutting out of the water at the shore; rocky beach seashore; rocky beach • rock; pebble 磯 • (gi) · 磯 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki) Hán-Nôm : ki • Hán-Nôm : cơ 磯
磴 ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dang³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìng • Middle-Chinese : tongH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄥ (literary) stone steps on ledge, cliff, or hill • (literary) stone bridge with steps • stone bench; stone stool • Classifier for steps or rungs. ‖ to kick ‖ to increase; to grow 磴 • (deung) · 磴 • (deung) (hangeul 등, revised deung, McCune–Reischauer tŭng, Yale tung) 磴
磺 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 石 (“rock; stone”) + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : n̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uînn ^⁜ (chemistry) sulfur, brimstone • (chemistry) sulfonyl sulfur 磺 • (gwang) · 磺 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, Yale kwang) 磺
礙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɯːs) : semantic 石 + phonetic 疑 (OC *ŋɯ). \ Uncertain, possibly Sino-Tibetan; compare Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔgak, Tibetan འགག ('gag, “obstruction, stoppage”), བཀག (bkag, “blockage, barricade, barrier”), དགག (dgag, “block, inhibit, obstruct”) & འགེགས་པ ('gegs pa, “hinder, thwart, obstruct”) (Bodman, 1980), as Tibeto-Burman voice stops sometimes correspond to Chinese nasal initials (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gāi • Middle-Chinese : ngojH to obstruct; to hinder; to block; to deter • obstruction; hindrance obstruction 礙 • (ae) · 礙 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ay) Hán-Nôm : ngại • Hán-Nôm : ngái 礙
礦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷraːŋʔ) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 廣 (OC *kʷaːŋʔ). Cantonese · Jyutping : kwong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khòng • Middle-Chinese : kwaengX mineral deposit • ore • mine • a surname: Kuang Alternative form of 鉱: mineral 礦 • (gwang, hwang) · 礦 • (gwang, hwang) (hangeul 광, 황, revised gwang, hwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, hwang, Yale kwang, hwang) mineral, ore Hán-Nôm : khoáng • Hán-Nôm : quáng • Hán-Nôm : khoắng 礦
礪 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Middle-Chinese : ljejH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : luè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lè whetstone • to whet; to sharpen ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 鑢／𮣶 (“to rub; file (tool); to file”) 礪 • (ryeo>yeo) · 礪 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye) 礪
礫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːwɢ) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 樂 (OC *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ) \ From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b-rak. Cognate with Drung ɑ³¹ pɹɑʔ⁵⁵ luŋ⁵⁵ (“rock”) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːwɢ) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 樂 (OC *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ) \ From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b-rak. Cognate with Drung ɑ³¹ pɹɑʔ⁵⁵ luŋ⁵⁵ (“rock”) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːwɢ) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 樂 (OC *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ) \ From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b-rak. Cognate with Drung ɑ³¹ pɹɑʔ⁵⁵ luŋ⁵⁵ (“rock”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Middle-Chinese : lek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ gravel; pebbles; potsherds ‖ Only used in 卓礫／卓砾. ‖ ^‡ Appearance of white stones/rocks. ‖ 礫(れき) • (reki) ‖ 礫(つぶて) • (tsubute) ‖ 礫(つぶて) • (Tsubute) ‖ 礫(たぶて) • (tabute) ‖ 礫(こいし) • (koishi) ‖ 礫(たびいし) • (tabiishi) pebble, stone ‖ a small stone or pebble, especially one used for throwing • gravel ‖ a small stone or pebble, especially one used for throwing ‖ a place name ‖ (obsolete) a small stone or pebble, especially one used for throwing ‖ Alternative spelling of 小石 (koishi): a small stone or pebble ‖ a small stone or pebble, especially one used for throwing 礫 (eumhun 조약돌 력 (joyakdol ryeok), word-initial (South Korea) 조약돌 역 (joyakdol yeok)) hanja form of 력/역 (“pebble”) 礫
礬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ban) : phonetic 樊 (OC *ban) + semantic 石 (“stone”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huân • Middle-Chinese : bjon alum 礬 • (ban) · 礬 • (ban) (hangeul 반) Hán-Nôm : phàn • Hán-Nôm : phèn 礬
礼 Based on an ancient form of 禮 recorded in Shuowen as . In regular script, the earliest record can be traced back to the Tang dynasty orthographical dictionary Ganlu Zishu 《干祿字書》. \ In modern form: Simplified from 禮 (示 → 礻 and 豊 → 乚). ‖ 礼(れい) • (rei) manners; etiquette ‖ a bow, the gesture of bending at the waist • an expression of thanks or gratitude 礼 (eum 례 (rye), word-initial (South Korea) 예 (ye)) Alternative form of 禮 canonical : 礼: Hán Việt readings: lễ 礼: Nôm readings: lạy • canonical : lẫy • canonical : lấy • canonical : trễ • canonical : lẻ • canonical : lãi • canonical : lễ • canonical : rẻ • canonical : trẻ • canonical : rẽ • canonical : lẩy • canonical : lệ • canonical : lưỡi • canonical : lẽ • canonical : lởi • canonical : lỡi • canonical : trẩy • canonical : lể Alternative form of 禮 礼
祁 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡril, *kljilʔ) : phonetic 示 (OC *ɡle, *ɢljils) + semantic 邑 (“place”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡril, *kljilʔ) : phonetic 示 (OC *ɡle, *ɢljils) + semantic 邑 (“place”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : gjij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˇ • Middle-Chinese : tsyijX great • (～縣) Qi County (a county of Jinzhong, Shanxi, China) • Short for 祁門／祁门 (Qímén). • Short for 祁陽／祁阳 (Qíyáng). • ^‡ numerous; ample; abundant • a surname ‖ 祁 • (gi) · 祁 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki) canonical : 祁: Hán Việt readings: kì • canonical : kỳ 祁: Nôm readings: kì • canonical : kỳ chữ Hán form of Kì (“a surname”). 祁
祆 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰliːn) : semantic 礻 + phonetic 天 (OC *qʰl'iːn, “heaven”). \ Cognate with 天 (OC *qʰl'iːn). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hian • Middle-Chinese : xen Ahura Mazda, god of the Zoroastrians 祆
祇 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡe) : semantic 示 + phonetic 氏 (OC *skeŋ, *kje, *ɡjeʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : gjie earth spirit • big • to feel relieved; to be at ease • this 祇 • (gi, ji) · 祇 • (gi, ji) (hangeul 기, 지, revised gi, ji, McCune–Reischauer ki, chi, Yale ki, ci) canonical : 祇: Hán Việt readings: chi • canonical : chỉ • canonical : kì • canonical : kỳ 祇: Nôm readings: chỉ 祇
祐 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷɯs) : semantic 礻 (“spirit”) + phonetic 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs). \ Exoactive of 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs, “right (side)”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iū • Middle-Chinese : hjuwH (of divinity) to assist; to bless; to protect • Alternative form of 佑 (yòu, “to assist”) • a surname ‖ 祐(ゆう) • (Yū) ^(←いう (iu)?) ‖ 祐(ひろし) • (Hiroshi) divine help, divine protection ‖ a surname • a male or female given name ‖ a male given name 祐 • (u) · 祐 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u, Yale wu) Hán-Nôm : hựu • Hán-Nôm : hữu 祐
祗 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjil) : semantic 示 + phonetic 氐 (OC *tiːl, *til). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsi • Middle-Chinese : tsyij (literary) to respect; to look up to; to revere to respect; to look up to • earnestly; just 祗 (eumhun 공경(恭敬)할 지 (gonggyeonghal ji)) 祗
祚 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsōo • Middle-Chinese : dzuH 祚 • (jo) · 祚 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co) Hán-Nôm : tộ 祚
祺 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯ, *ɡɯ) : semantic 示 + phonetic 其 (OC *kɯ, *ɡɯ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : gi auspicious; propitious • good luck; felicity 祺 • (gi) · 祺 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki) Hán-Nôm : kì 祺
禅 ‖ 禅(ぜん) • (zen) ‖ 禅(ぜん) • (Zen) Chinese emperor sacrifice ceremony • Chinese emperor abdicating the throne • meditative concentration • dhyana, Zen Buddhism ‖ (Buddhism) dhyana-samadhi: • (Buddhism) the disciplines and doctrine of Zen Buddhism • Short for 座禅 (zazen): a sitting position in a Zen meditation ‖ (Buddhism) Short for 禅宗 (Zenshū): Zen Buddhism • a surname 禅 • (seon) · 禅 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen) Zen 禅
禎 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Middle-Chinese : trjeng lucky; auspicious • good omen (さいわい) divine grace • (さいわい) auspicious • (ただしい) straight, unwarped 禎 • (jeong) · 禎 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng) 禎
禦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaʔ, *ŋas) : phonetic 御 (OC *ŋas) + semantic 示. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gīr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gī • Middle-Chinese : ngjoX to defend, to resist, to hold out against 禦 (eum 어 (eo)) Hán-Nôm : ngữ • Hán-Nôm : ngừa • Hán-Nôm : ngự 禦
禧 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlɯ, *qʰlɯʔ) : semantic 示 + phonetic 喜 (OC *qʰlɯʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi • Middle-Chinese : xi favourable luck; good fortune; auspiciousness; blessings 禧 • (hui) · 禧 • (hui) (hangeul 희, revised hui, McCune–Reischauer hŭi, Yale huy) 禧
禱 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou² • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : tawX • Middle-Chinese : tawH to pray pray • entreat • beg • plead • prayer 禱 • (do) · 禱 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to) to pray 禱
禿 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 毛 (“hair”) + 儿 (“person”). 毛 later corrupted into 禾. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thut • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thu̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuh • Middle-Chinese : thuwk (of a person's scalp) having little or no hair; bald • (of a mountain, vegetation, etc.) bare; barren; stripped • (of a tool) blunt • (of a work) unfinished; unsatisfactory • (Quanzhou Hokkien) slick and sly, hard to deal with (especially due to age) • (Shanghainese) all, everything ‖ 禿(はげ) • (hage) ‖ 禿(かむろ) • (kamuro) ‖ 禿(かぶろ) • (kaburo) ‖ 禿(とく) • (toku) ‖ 禿(はげ) • (Hage) ‖ baldness • treelessness ‖ bobbed hair • baldness • young girl attendant of a high-class prostitute ‖ bobbed hair • baldness • young girl attendant of a high-class prostitute ‖ bald ‖ (Internet slang, sometimes derogatory, sometimes offensive) SoftBank (telecommunications company based in Japan) • (Internet slang, sometimes derogatory, sometimes offensive) Masayoshi Son 禿 • (dok) · 禿 • (dok) (hangeul 독, revised dok, McCune–Reischauer tok, Yale tok) Bald 禿
秘 In current form: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mpriɡs) : semantic 禾 + phonetic 必 (OC *pliɡ). \ Variant (俗字) of 祕 via 示 → 禾. \ Read mì instead of bì in Mandarin as a result of conflation with 密 (mì) (c.f. 秘密 (mìmì)) (Fu, 1958). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pì • Middle-Chinese : pijH secret; undisclosed; confidential • mysterious; abstruse • rare; scarce; extraordinary • to keep as a secret • to block • Short for 秘書／秘书 (mìshū, “secretary”). • Short for 秘魯／秘鲁 (Bìlǔ, “Peru”). • a surname secret; confidential 秘 • (bi) · 秘 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi) Hán-Nôm : bí 秘
秣 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mut³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mut⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mat feed • fodder 秣 • (mal) · 秣 • (mal) (hangeul 말, revised mal, McCune–Reischauer mal, Yale mal) Hán-Nôm : mạt 秣
称 Simplified from 穪 (爾 → 尔), where 穪 is corrupted from 稱. It was found in various moveable type copies of classical novels. First attested in 《宋元以來俗字譜》, a variant forms dictionary compiled in 1930 that records unorthodox forms (俗字 (súzì)) that have existed since the Song dynasty. \ Adopted as an official simplified character by the People's Republic of China in the 1956 Chinese Character Simplification Scheme. ‖ 称(しょう) • (shō) appellation • praise ‖ name; reputation 称 • (ching) · 称 • (ching) (hangeul 칭, revised ching, McCune–Reischauer ch'ing, Yale ching) Hán-Nôm : xưng • Hán-Nôm : hấng • Hán-Nôm : xứng 称
稅 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljods) : semantic 禾 + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suè • Middle-Chinese : sywejH tax; revenue; duty • (Hakka, Southern Min) to rent • (informal, slang, often passive) to tax • a surname: Shui tax 稅 (eumhun 세금 세 (segeum se)) hanja form of 세 (“tax”) Hán-Nôm : thuế 稅
稈 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gon² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuáinn • Middle-Chinese : kanX stalk (of grain); straw ‖ 稈(かん) • (kan) dried up stalk • straw ‖ (botany) culm 稈 (eum 간 (gan)) Hán-Nôm : cán 稈
稔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯːm) : semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 念 (OC *nɯːms). \ ; “year” ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nam⁵ • Middle-Chinese : nyimX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : nim¹ year • (of crops, grains) to ripen; ripe; mature; fully-grown • Classifier for number of crops grown in a year: crop; harvest • to accumulate in the course of time; to collect; to pile up • to be familiar with; to know • usually; normally • beautiful • Alternative form of 飪／饪 (rèn, “to steam (till cooked)”) ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 棯 (nim1, “rose myrtle”) ‖ 稔(みのる) • (Minoru) ‖ a male given name 稔 • (im, yeom) · 稔 • (im, yeom) (hangeul 임, 염, revised im, yeom, McCune–Reischauer im, yŏm, Yale im, yem) Hán-Nôm : nhẫm • Hán-Nôm : nậm • Hán-Nôm : nẫm 稔
稜 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯːŋ) : semantic 禾 + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līng • Middle-Chinese : long arris; edge; corner • corrugation; ridge on an object • prestige; might angle • edge 稜 • (reung>neung) · 稜 • (reung>neung) (hangeul 릉>능, revised reung>neung, McCune–Reischauer rŭng>nŭng, Yale lung>nung) 稜
稟 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 㐭 (“granary”) + 禾 (“grain”) meaning "to gift grain". ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 㐭 (“granary”) + 禾 (“grain”) meaning "to gift grain". Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pín • Hokkien · Tai-lo : píng • Middle-Chinese : pimX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lam⁵ to bestow; to endow • to receive • to report (to one's superior) ‖ Alternative form of 廩／廪 (“granary; barn”) • Alternative form of 懍／懔 (lǐn, “to fear; to venerate”) receive • report, petition 稟 • (pum, reum) · 稟 • (pum, reum) (hangeul 품, 름, revised pum, reum, McCune–Reischauer p'um, rŭm, Yale phum, rum) Hán-Nôm : bẩm • Hán-Nôm : bám • Hán-Nôm : bặm • Hán-Nôm : bẳm • Hán-Nôm : bấm • Hán-Nôm : bụm • Hán-Nôm : lắm 稟
稷 Sagart (2008: 134-136) considers it a cognate of Proto-Austronesian *bəCəŋ (“foxtail millet”) as part of the hypothetical Sino-Tibetan-Austronesian language family. Blust (2013: 713), however, finds this comparison unconvincing because of the apparently arbitrary and phonetically unjustified fluctuation between Old Chinese *-k and Proto-Austronesian *-ŋ. \ Cognates of this word are found in a handful of Tibeto-Burman languages, such as Drung tɕɑʔ⁵⁵ (“millet”) and Lhokpu cək (“Setaria italica”) (Sagart, 2008). This etymon should be kept separated from 饎 (OC *kʰljɯs), 芑 (OC *kʰɯʔ) and 穄 (OC *ʔsleds). The first two may belong to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *khrəj (“millet”), while the last one may be related to Proto-Lolo-Burmese *tsap (“millet”), along with Burmese ဆပ် (hcap, “Setaria italica”) and Nuosu ꏹ (jyp, “millet”) (Schuessler, 2007: 299). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Middle-Chinese : tsik foxtail millet (Setaria italica) • God of cereals • † minister of agriculture ‖ 稷(きび) or 稷(キビ) • (kibi) ‖ Alternative form of 黍 稷 • (jik) · 稷 • (jik) (hangeul 직, revised jik, McCune–Reischauer chik, Yale cik) Hán-Nôm : tắc 稷
穆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *muɡ) : semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 㣎 () – standing grain. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : muk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bo̍k • Middle-Chinese : mjuwk standing grain • (historical) the right side position of tablets in ancestral shrines • (figurative) right side • reverent; respectful • magnificent and beautiful; majestic • solemn; solemnly silent • calm; mild; gentle • harmonious; peaceful • pure; honest • profound and lasting; far-reaching • Short for 穆罕默德 (Mùhǎnmòdé, “Muhammad”). • Short for 穆斯林 (mùsīlín, “Muslim”). • a surname 穆 • (mok) · 穆 • (mok) (hangeul 목, revised mok, McCune–Reischauer mok, Yale mok) Hán-Nôm : mục 穆
穌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋaː) : phonetic 魚 (OC *ŋa) + semantic 禾. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sou¹ • Middle-Chinese : su Alternative form of 蘇／苏 (sū, “perilla; tassel”) • Alternative form of 甦／苏 (sū, “revive; resuscitate; regain consciousness”) • Used in transcription. Rare spelling of 蘇: revive, rise again • collect 穌 • (so) · 穌 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so) Hán-Nôm : tô • Hán-Nôm : to 穌
穎 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷeŋʔ) : semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 頃 (OC *kʰʷeŋ, *kʰʷeŋʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wing⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : íng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ínn • Middle-Chinese : ywengX ear of grain • tip • clever; gifted ‖ heads of grain • cleverness ‖ 穎 • (yeong) · 穎 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng, Yale yeng) Hán-Nôm : dĩnh • Hán-Nôm : dánh • Hán-Nôm : dính • Hán-Nôm : nhảnh • Hán-Nôm : giảnh 穎
穡 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *srɯɡ) : semantic 禾 (“cereal; grain”) + phonetic 嗇 (OC *srɯɡ). Specialization of 嗇 (OC *srɯɡ). \ Probably related to 采 (OC *s.r̥ˤəʔ, “to pluck”) (Baxter, 1992; Sagart, 1999; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). See there for more. \ Schuessler (2007) compares it to Proto-Lolo-Burmese *C-šak (“to pluck; to pick (a fruit, etc.)”), as well as Khmer ច្រូត (crout, “to reap; to harvest”). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Middle-Chinese : srik ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Middle-Chinese : srik ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Middle-Chinese : srik to harvest; to reap • harvest; crops • to plant crops; to cultivate; to work on a farm • ear of grain • (literary or Hokkien) farming; farm labour • (Hokkien) work; labour (in general) • to link together; to connect; to hook together ‖ Alternative form of 嗇／啬 (sè, “to cherish; to not waste”) ‖ Alternative form of 㱇 (“anxious; distressed; sorrowful”) harvest 穡 • (saek) · 穡 • (saek) (hangeul 색, revised saek, McCune–Reischauer saek, Yale sayk) farm, harvest grain • stingy Hán-Nôm : sắc 穡
穢 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʷads) : semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 歲 (OC *sqʰʷads, *sqʰʷad). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : è • Hokkien · Tai-lo : èr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uè • Middle-Chinese : 'jwojH dirty; filthy; unclean • immoral; obscene • (dialectal Hakka, Malaysian Mandarin) disgusting; revolting • (Southern Min) to infect (a person) • (obsolete) overgrown with weeds 穢 • (ye) · 穢 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey) Hán-Nôm : uế 穢
穩 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ún • Middle-Chinese : 'wonX stable; firm; steady • steady; reliable • to make stable; to stabilize; to calm • sure; certain • (slang, neologism) excellent; amazing; fantastic Kyūjitai form of 穏: calm, quiet; moderation 穩 (eumhun 편안할 온 (pyeonanhal on)) hanja form of 온 (“peaceful”) Hán-Nôm : ổn • Hán-Nôm : ủn • Hán-Nôm : ón • Hán-Nôm : ỏn • Hán-Nôm : ỉn 穩
穹 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷɯŋ) : semantic 穴 + phonetic 弓 (OC *kʷɯŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kung⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiong • Middle-Chinese : khjuwng (literary) elevated and arched • (literary) sky • (literary) deep • (literary) high and vast • to fill up; to exhaust high arching vault • sky 穹 (eumhun 하늘 궁 (haneul gung)) (literary) hanja form of 궁 (“sky; heaven”) • (literary) hanja form of 궁 (“arched”) canonical : 穹: Hán Việt readings: khung • canonical : khum 穹: Nôm readings: khum • canonical : khung • canonical : cùng chữ Hán form of khung (“sky”). • Nôm form of khung (“border; frame”). • Nôm form of khum (“curved; convex”). 穹
窃 to steal • secret, private 窃
窈 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qiːwʔ) : semantic 穴 (“cave”) + phonetic 幼 (OC *qrɯws). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : miu⁵ • Middle-Chinese : 'ewX (literary) profound; far-reaching • (literary) dim; gloomy 窈 (eum 요 (yo)) 窈
窓 ‖ 窓(まど) • (mado) ‖ 窓(まど) • (Mado) ‖ window • (regional, dialect, Etchū region) a deep gap in a mountain ridge (so called for the way the wind blows through, like a window) • マド: (investing) on a candlestick chart, a gap in day-to-day candlesticking caused by a marked increase or decrease in the price of a security, derivative, currency, or other investment ‖ (Internet slang, dated) Windows (an operating system) 窓 (eumhun 창문 창 (changmun chang)) hanja form of 창 (“window”) Hán-Nôm : song 窓
窕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːwʔ) : semantic 穴 (“cave”) + phonetic 兆 (OC *l'ewʔ). \ Possibly cognate to 竅 (OC *kʰleːwɢs) (Schuessler, 2007) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːwʔ) : semantic 穴 (“cave”) + phonetic 兆 (OC *l'ewʔ). \ Possibly cognate to 竅 (OC *kʰleːwɢs) (Schuessler, 2007) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːwʔ) : semantic 穴 (“cave”) + phonetic 兆 (OC *l'ewʔ). \ Possibly cognate to 竅 (OC *kʰleːwɢs) (Schuessler, 2007) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tiu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : diu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiáu • Middle-Chinese : dewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠ Used in 窈窕 (yǎotiǎo). • to bore, to perforate • gap; unfilled space • unfilled • false; superficial • small ‖ Alternative form of 姚 (yáo) ‖ Alternative form of 佻 窕 • (jo) · 窕 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co) 窕
窠 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Middle-Chinese : khwa bird's nest in cave; nest • (literary) simple dwelling • (literary) empty space; pit; hole • Alternative form of 棵 (“classifier for plants”) nest • hole • indentation • den 窠 (eum 과 (gwa)) nest • hole • indentation • den 窠
窩 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qloːl) : semantic 穴 (“cave”) + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo nest • nest · thing or place resembling a nest • cave; den • (figurative) hiding place • depression; pit; dimple; socket • to bend • to be choked (with emotion) • to hide something; to cause something to not be found • to lay idle • (colloquial) to stay (in a place) • Classifier for litter; brood. • (Internet slang) Eye dialect spelling of 我 (wǒ, “I; me”). cave • pouch 窩 • (wa) · 窩 • (wa) (hangeul 와) a dugout hut • nest • cave Hán-Nôm : oa 窩
窪 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua • Middle-Chinese : 'wae hollow; low-lying; sunken • depression; low-lying area • to sink depression • cave in • sink • become hollow 窪 (eum 와 (wa)) canonical : 窪: Hán Việt readings: oa chữ Hán form of oa (“hollow; pit; depression; swamp”). 窪
窺 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khui • Middle-Chinese : khjwie to peep 窺 • (gyu) · 窺 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu) Hán-Nôm : khuy 窺
竄 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 鼠 (“mouse”) + 穴 (“hole”) – to hide in a hole. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuàn • Middle-Chinese : tshwanH • Middle-Chinese : tshwan (now derogatory) to flee; to go in exile • (literary) to exile; to banish • (literary) to hide • (literary, or in compounds) to revise; to edit • (neologism, officialese, derogatory) Short for 竄訪／窜访 (cuànfǎng) • a surname: Cuan escape, run away • encroach • alter a document 竄 • (chan) · 竄 • (chan) (hangeul 찬) Hán-Nôm : thoán 竄
竅 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰleːwɢs) : semantic 穴 (“cave”) + phonetic 敫 (OC *kleːwɢs, *ɢlewɢ, *kleːwɢ). \ Possibly Sino-Tibetan. Compare Burmese ချောက် (hkyauk, “chasm, gulf”); alternative or additionally, 竅 (OC *kʰleːwɢs) is k-prefixed nominal derivation of 窕 (OC *l'eːwʔ) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰleːwɢs) : semantic 穴 (“cave”) + phonetic 敫 (OC *kleːwɢs, *ɢlewɢ, *kleːwɢ). \ Possibly Sino-Tibetan. Compare Burmese ချောက် (hkyauk, “chasm, gulf”); alternative or additionally, 竅 (OC *kʰleːwɢs) is k-prefixed nominal derivation of 窕 (OC *l'eːwʔ) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kiu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiàu • Middle-Chinese : khewH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiò hole, aperture • idea; knack; key (to a problem) ‖ (Hokkien) magic; sorcery 竅 • (gyu) · 竅 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu) 竅
竇 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau⁶ • Middle-Chinese : duwH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : dau³ hole; burrow • (anatomy) cavity; sinus • a surname ‖ (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew) nest; den • (Cantonese, Hakka, colloquial) home • (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew, colloquial) hideout 竇 (eum 두 (du)) Hán-Nôm : đậu 竇
竺 Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːɡ, *tuːɡ, *tuɡ) : phonetic 𥫗 (OC *tuɡ) + semantic 二 ― thick. ‖ Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːɡ, *tuːɡ, *tuɡ) : phonetic 𥫗 (OC *tuɡ) + semantic 二 ― thick. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : duk¹ • Middle-Chinese : tuwk • Middle-Chinese : towk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiok • Middle-Chinese : trjuwk Original form of 篤／笃 (dǔ, “thick; sincere; serious”). • Alternative form of 毒 (“to loathe; to detest”) • (historical) An ancient placename. ‖ (obsolete) bamboo • Short for 天竺 (Tiānzhú, “India”). • (by extension) relating to India or Buddhism; Buddhist • Name of a mountain in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province. • (historical, music) Name of an ancient musical instrument. • a surname, commonly adopted by early Buddhist monks. ‖ 竺(あつし) • (Atsushi) bamboo • hearty, sincere, warm, thick • used in an ancient name of India ‖ a male given name 竺 • (chuk, dok) · 竺 • (chuk, dok) (hangeul 축, 독, revised chuk, dok, McCune–Reischauer ch'uk, tok, Yale chwuk, tok) canonical : 竺: Hán Việt readings: trúc • canonical : đốc 竺: Nôm readings: trúc chữ Hán form of Trúc (“former short name of India (天竺, Thiên Trúc), a surname”). • Alternative form of 篤 (“chữ Hán form of đốc (“honest”).”) 竺
竽 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hju (historical) the yu, a wind instrument used in ancient China ‖ 竽(う) • (u) ‖ a woodwind instrument introduced to Japan from China during the Nara period, similar to a 笙 (shō, “a kind of free-reed woodwind instrument”), but larger and one octave lower in pitch 竽 (eumhun 피리 우 (piri u)) flute • chief Hán-Nôm : vu 竽
笆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praː, *braːʔ) : semantic 𥫗 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/g/s-pʷa (“bamboo”) (STEDT). Cognate with Mizo rua (“bamboo”), Tibetan སྤ (spa, “cane; bamboo”), Burmese ဝါး (wa:, “bamboo”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa • Middle-Chinese : pae • Middle-Chinese : baeX bamboo fence 笆 (eum 파 (pa)) Hán-Nôm : ba 笆
笞 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci¹ • Middle-Chinese : trhi whip used for corporal punishment whip 笞 • (tae) · 笞 • (tae) (hangeul 태, revised tae, McCune–Reischauer t'ae, Yale thay) whip 笞
笠 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·rɯb) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 立 (OC *rɯb). \ Compare Proto-Tai *klɤpᴰ (“bamboo hat”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lue̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : le̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lerē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍p • Middle-Chinese : lip ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lap¹ Asian conical hat ‖ (Cantonese, Nanning Pinghua, Leizhou Min) basket (made from interwoven bamboo strips) • (Cantonese, Leizhou Min) to cover (with); to slip on • (Cantonese) to flatter; to fool ‖ 笠(かさ) • (kasa) Asian conical hat ‖ Asian conical hat 笠 (eumhun 삿갓 립 (satgat rip), word-initial (South Korea) 삿갓 입 (satgat ip)) Hán-Nôm : lạp • Hán-Nôm : lợp • Hán-Nôm : lép • Hán-Nôm : liếp • Hán-Nôm : lụp • Hán-Nôm : rạp • Hán-Nôm : lẹp • Hán-Nôm : lớp • Hán-Nôm : nập • Hán-Nôm : rập • Hán-Nôm : sập • Hán-Nôm : sệp • Hán-Nôm : sụp • Hán-Nôm : tấp 笠
筍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰʷinʔ) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 旬 (OC *sɢʷin). ‖ From 順／顺 (seon6, “smooth; successful”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄣˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sún • Middle-Chinese : swinX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : seon² bamboo shoot • (literary, or in compounds) tender; young • ^† Alternative form of 簨 (sǔn, “horizontal beam on which bells hang”) ‖ (Cantonese, slang) very good; worth it; inexpensive; less costly than its actual value bamboo shoot 筍 • (sun) · 筍 • (sun) (hangeul 순, revised sun, McCune–Reischauer sun, Yale swun) sprout, shoot Hán-Nôm : duẫn • Hán-Nôm : sũn • Hán-Nôm : hũn 筍
筠 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷin) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 均 (OC *kʷin). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwin ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan¹ (literary) skin of bamboo • (literary) bamboo ‖ (historical) Jun prefecture 筠 • (gyun) · 筠 • (gyun) (hangeul 균, revised gyun, McCune–Reischauer kyun, Yale kyun) 筠
筵 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lan) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 延 (OC *lan, *lans). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iân • Middle-Chinese : yen (obsolete or in compounds) banquet; feast • (obsolete) bamboo mat • (obsolete) seat ‖ 筵(むしろ) • (mushiro) ‖ 筵(もしろ) • (moshiro) ‖ 筵(えん) • (en) ‖ a generic term for a woven mat made out of soft rush, bamboo, straw, or cattail • a seat; also used in public environments • a bed • (regional, Nagasaki, Kumamoto) a tatami mat ‖ (dialectal, Tōhoku, Ishikawa, Izumo) Nonstandard form of むしろ (mushiro) above ‖ a woven mat • a seat; also used in public environments 筵 • (yeon) · 筵 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, Yale yen) Hán-Nôm : diên 筵
箏 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsreːŋ) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 爭 (OC *ʔsreːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Middle-Chinese : tsreang zither ‖ 箏(こと) • (koto) ‖ 箏(そう) • (sō) ^(←さう (sau)?) ‖ 箏(そう) • (Sō) ^(←さう (sau)?) ‖ 箏(しょう) • (shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?) ‖ koto: a Japanese zither derived from the Chinese guzheng • (colloquial) guzheng: a Chinese zither where the koto was based on ‖ a guzheng, zheng (Chinese zither) ‖ a surname ‖ (possibly obsolete) a guzheng, zheng (Chinese zither), where the koto was based on 箏 • (jaeng) · 箏 • (jaeng) (hangeul 쟁, revised jaeng, McCune–Reischauer chaeng, Yale cayng) canonical : 箏: Hán Việt readings: tranh 箏: Nôm readings: giành • canonical : tranh zither (e.g., đàn tranh) 箏
箔 From 薄 (bó). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po̍h • Middle-Chinese : bak foil; tinsel • foil paper burnt as offerings to the dead • screen made of reeds or sorghum stalks • bamboo tray for raising silkworms ‖ 箔(はく) • (haku) ‖ foil, leaf 箔 • (bak) · 箔 • (bak) (hangeul 박, revised bak, McCune–Reischauer pak, Yale pak) romanization : bạc 箔
箝 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡram) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 拑 (OC *ɡram) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kim⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gjem insert • fit into • attach (a clog thong) 箝 • (gyeom) · 箝 • (gyeom) (hangeul 겸, revised gyeom, McCune–Reischauer kyŏm, Yale kyem) tweezers • pliers • tongs • pincers 箝
箴 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kjɯm) : semantic 𥫗 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 咸 (OC *ɡrɯːm) – a bamboo needle, probe. \ Same word as 針 (OC *kjum). See there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsim • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tserm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsom • Middle-Chinese : tsyim to admonish; to warn • Alternative form of 針／针 (zhēn, “needle; probe”) 箴 • (jam) · 箴 • (jam) (hangeul 잠, revised jam, McCune–Reischauer cham, Yale cam) Hán-Nôm : châm • Hán-Nôm : giăm • Hán-Nôm : dăm • Hán-Nôm : giằm 箴
篁 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwang (literary) bamboo forest; bamboo grove • (literary) bamboo ‖ 篁(たかむら) • (Takamura) bamboo grove ‖ a surname 篁 • (hwang) · 篁 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang) bamboo grove 篁
篆 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuǎn • Middle-Chinese : drjwenX seal script • seal, official stamp ‖ 篆(てん) • (ten) seal script ‖ seal script 篆 • (jeon) · 篆 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen) Hán-Nôm : triện • Hán-Nôm : chệnh • Hán-Nôm : chệ • Hán-Nôm : triển 篆
篙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːw) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 高 (OC *kaːw). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Middle-Chinese : kaw bamboo pole used for punting boats • a surname pole used for punting boats 篙 • (go) · 篙 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko) a punting pole • (boat) oar 篙
篩 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thai • Middle-Chinese : srij sieve; strainer; sifter • to sift; to strain • (dated) to pour (a drink) • (dated) to warm up (an alcoholic beverage) • (colloquial) to strike (a gong) • (literary) to rain 篩 • (sa) · 篩 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa) 篩
篾 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *meːd) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + abbreviated phonetic 蔑 (OC *meːd, *meːd). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mit⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mit⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bi̍h • Middle-Chinese : met bamboo strips, splints or slats • strips of reed or plant stalks (especially sorghum stalk) • made using strips of bamboo, reed or stalk 篾 • (myeol) · 篾 • (myeol) (hangeul 멸, revised myeol, McCune–Reischauer myŏl, Yale myel) 篾 (miệt, miết, giá, vạt) 篾
簍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roː, *roːʔ, *roʔ) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 婁 (OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Middle-Chinese : luw • Middle-Chinese : ljuX • Middle-Chinese : luwX (bamboo) basket • Classifier for things in a basket. 簍
簞 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daan¹ • Middle-Chinese : tan a bamboo utensil for holding cooked rice; a basket small bamboo basket for holding 簞 (eumhun 대광주리 단 (daegwangjuri dan)) a bamboo basket 簞
簣 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰruːds, *ɡruds) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 貴 (OC *kluds). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : gwijH • Middle-Chinese : khweajH bamboo basket for carrying earth Hán-Nôm : gùi 簣
簪 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsim • Middle-Chinese : tsrim • Middle-Chinese : tsom hairpin; clasp • to wear in one's hair ‖ 簪(かんざし) • (kanzashi) ornamental hairpin ‖ a hairpin, particularly a fancy decorative hairpin used in Japanese women's hairstyles 簪 • (jam) · 簪 • (jam) (hangeul 잠, revised jam, McCune–Reischauer cham, Yale cam) Hán-Nôm : trâm • Hán-Nôm : trám • Hán-Nôm : trắm 簪
簫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɯːw) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 肅 (OC *sɯwɢ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siau • Middle-Chinese : sew (music) xiao, a vertical, notched, end-blown bamboo flute used since ancient times in Chinese traditional and classical music • (music, historical) paixiao; panpipes • (Cantonese, Northern Min, Eastern Min) transverse flute • a surname: Xiao ‖ 簫(しょう) • (shō) ^(←せう (seu)?) ‖ xiao, a vertically blown Chinese flute 簫 • (so) · 簫 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so) Hán-Nôm : tiêu • Hán-Nôm : tiu 簫
簷 簷 • (cheom) · 簷 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem) 簷
簽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *skʰlam) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiam to sign; to endorse • slip of paper • Alternative form of 籤／签 (qiān) label, signature 簽 • (cheom) · 簽 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem) Hán-Nôm : thiêm • Hán-Nôm : kiểm • Hán-Nôm : tiêm • Hán-Nôm : xâm 簽
簾 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·rem) : semantic 竹 + phonetic 廉 (OC *ɡ·rem). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Middle-Chinese : ljem hanging screen; curtain; blind 簾 (eumhun 발 렴 (bal ryeom), word-initial (South Korea) 발 염 (bal yeom)) hanja form of 렴/염 (“blind; curtain”) Hán-Nôm : liêm 簾
籃 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːm) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁴⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâm • Middle-Chinese : lam basket • (sports) ring; basket (in basketball) • (sports) basketball (sport) • Classifier for baskets. 籃 • (ram>nam) · 籃 • (ram>nam) (hangeul 람>남, revised ram>nam, McCune–Reischauer ram>nam, Yale lam>nam) Hán-Nôm : lam • Hán-Nôm : xờm • Hán-Nôm : làn • Hán-Nôm : xớm 籃
籌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *du) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 壽 (OC *djuʔ, *djus). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiû • Middle-Chinese : drjuw chip; tally; token • plan; stratagem; means • to plan; to prepare • to raise (money, funds, etc.) • (archaic) Classifier for persons. • (Cantonese) ticket for a queue 籌 • (ju) · 籌 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu) Hán-Nôm : trù 籌
籟 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : lajH ancient wind instrument made with bamboo pipes • Synonym of 簫／箫 (xiāo, “xiao”) • sound; noise rattling of the wind 籟 • (roe>noe) · 籟 • (roe>noe) (hangeul 뢰>뇌, revised roe>noe, McCune–Reischauer roe>noe, Yale loy>noy) Hán-Nôm : lới • Hán-Nôm : lài 籟
籤 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰem) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 韱 (OC *sem). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiam • Middle-Chinese : tshjem inscribed bamboo slips used for divination or drawing lots; (in general) lot • slender pointed piece of wood • sticker; marker; label ‖ 籤(くじ) • (kuji) ‖ lottery 籤 (eumhun 제비 첨 (jebi cheom)) hanja form of 첨 (“lottery”) Hán-Nôm : thiêm • Hán-Nôm : tiêm 籤
籬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rel) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 離 (OC *reːls, *rel, *rels) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴⁻¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Middle-Chinese : lje fence made of bamboo or branches • Used in 笊籬／笊篱 (zhàoli, “strainer”). • (Cantonese) sieve; spider skimmer ‖ 籬(かき) • (kaki) · 籬(まがき) • (magaki) · 籬(ませ) • (mase) ‖ Alternative form of 垣 • roughly woven fence • a short fence • a divider in theaters 籬 (eum 리 (ri), word-initial (South Korea) 이 (i)) Hán-Nôm : li 籬
籮 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːl) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 羅 (OC *raːl). \ Compare Mizo hrai (“basket for measuring rice”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴⁻¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luâ • Middle-Chinese : la bamboo basket 籮
籲 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *los) : phonetic 籥 (OC *lowɢ) + semantic 頁 (“head”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joek⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Middle-Chinese : yuH to appeal; to plead; to call to appeal or plead 籲 (eum 유 (yu)) Hán-Nôm : dụ • Hán-Nôm : hu 籲
粘 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nem) : semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems) – glutinous, sticky rice. Cantonese · Jyutping : nim¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zim¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâm • Middle-Chinese : nrjem to adhere; to stick • a surname sticky, glutinous • to stick to, to cling to • to persevere 粘 (eumhun 붙을 점 (buteul jeom)) hanja form of 점 (“sticky”) Hán-Nôm : niêm • Hán-Nôm : chiêm • Hán-Nôm : dính 粘
粧 cosmetics 粧 • (jang) · 粧 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang) Hán-Nôm : chang • Hán-Nôm : trang 粧
粳 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Middle-Chinese : kaeng non-glutinous rice 粳 • (gaeng) · 粳 • (gaeng) (hangeul 갱, revised gaeng, McCune–Reischauer kaeng, Yale kayng) Hán-Nôm : canh 粳
粵 A specialization of 雩 (OC *qʰʷla, *ɢʷla) by modification of 雨 (Chi, 2010). \ Shuowen interprets it as an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宷 + 亏. \ Related to 越 (OC *ɢʷad, “Yue; Viet”). See there for more. ‖ Related to the particles 曰 (OC *ɢʷad) and 越 (OC *ɢʷad). Smith (2012) proposes this to be derived from the prepositional phrase *于之 (OC *ɢʷa tjɯ). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua̍t • Middle-Chinese : hjwot ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyut⁶ • Middle-Chinese : hjwot ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyut⁶ • Middle-Chinese : hjwot (historical) Yue people; Baiyue people • Guangdong • Guangdong and Guangxi • Short for 粵語／粤语 (yuèyǔ, “Cantonese”). • (informal, punning) Alternative form of 越 (“more”), usually in reference to the Cantonese language. ‖ A particle. · Used in the beginning of a clause to express a prudent tone. • A particle. · Used in the middle of a clause. ‖ generous; favourable 粵 (eumhun 말이 내킬 월 (mari naekil wol)) Hán-Nôm : việt 粵
粹 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suì • Middle-Chinese : swijH pure; unadulterated • essence 粹 • (su) · 粹 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu) 粹
粽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːŋs) : semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 宗 (OC *ʔsuːŋ). \ First attested in Fengsu Tongyi (195). Bencao Gangmu claimed it was derived from 棕 (zōng, “palm tree”) due to similar shapes of zongzi and palm tree leaves. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàng • Middle-Chinese : tsuwngH zongzi (dumpling made of glutinous rice, wrapped in leaves) (Classifier: 隻／只 c) ‖ 粽(ちまき) • (chimaki) ‖ 粽(ちまき) • (Chimaki) rice dumplings steamed in bamboo leaves ‖ a rice cake or dumpling wrapped in bamboo leaves • zongzi • (Buddhism, architecture) Short for 粽形 (chimaki-gata): a Zen-style pillar with rounded edges on the top and bottom parts ‖ a surname 粽 • (jong) · 粽 • (jong) (hangeul 종, McCune–Reischauer chong, Yale cong) Hán-Nôm : tông • Hán-Nôm : tống 粽
糜 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mral) : phonetic 麻 (OC *mraːl) + semantic 米 (“rice”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mral) : phonetic 麻 (OC *mraːl) + semantic 米 (“rice”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mral) : phonetic 麻 (OC *mraːl) + semantic 米 (“rice”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Middle-Chinese : mje ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bêr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : môi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mai • Middle-Chinese : mje ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ mushy; rotten • to waste; to spend extravagantly • to damage • a surname ‖ (literary or Hakka, Southern Min, dialectal Eastern Min, Shehua) congee • (Fuzhou Eastern Eastern Min) thick congee (with less water than 粥) • (Hainanese) cooked rice (general term, including congee) • (Hainanese, Leizhou Min) meal • congee-like substance; viscous substance; paste ‖ proso millet (especially non-sticky varieties) • type of millet that is not sticky See also: 穄子 糜 • (mi) · 糜 • (mi) (hangeul 미, revised mi, McCune–Reischauer mi, Yale mi) Hán-Nôm : mi 糜
糞 Oracle bone: pictogram (象形) : 3 dots + 𠀠 + 廾 + optional 帚 (zhǒu). \ Small seal: pictogram (象形) : 釆 + 𠦒 + 廾. \ The current glyph is from the small seal script. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brun (“excrement”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan བྲུན (brun, “dung”). Cantonese · Jyutping : fan³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pùn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hùn • Middle-Chinese : pjunH excrement; faeces; dung • manure • (literary, or in compounds) to apply manure to • (literary, or in compounds) to clear away ‖ 糞(くそ) • (kuso) ‖ 糞(くそ) • (kuso) ‖ 糞(くそ) • (kuso-) ‖ 糞(くそ) • (-kuso) ‖ 糞(ふん) or 糞(フン) • (fun) ‖ 糞(ばば) • (baba) ‖ (colloquial) feces, excrement • (by extension) shit, crap, garbage, trash ‖ (often vulgar) shit, crap ‖ (derogatory) pejorative prefix ‖ crappy, for shit: a derogatory emphasizing suffix. ‖ droppings, dung ‖ (childish) poopoo, poop, dookie • (childish) something unclean 糞 (eumhun 똥 분 (ttong bun)) hanja form of 분 (“dung”) Hán-Nôm : phẩn • Hán-Nôm : phân 糞
糢 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ Alternative form of 饃／馍 (mó) 糢 • (mo) · 糢 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo, Yale mo) 糢
糸 Pictogram (象形) : a skein of silk. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mik⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mek thin silk • A length unit, equal to the width of five parallel threads of silk. ‖ 糸(いと) • (ito) ‖ thread 糸 (eumhun 가는 실 멱 (ganeun sil myeok)) 糸
紂 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *duʔ) : semantic 糹 + abbreviated phonetic 肘 (OC *tkuʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau⁶ • Middle-Chinese : drjuwX King Zhou of the Shang dynasty • (archaic) crupper (part of a saddle or carriage attachment) 紂 (eum 주 (ju)) 紂
紇 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gat¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat⁶ • Middle-Chinese : hot • Middle-Chinese : het inferior silk • tassel • fringe 紇 (eum 흘 (heul)) to bind, tie • inferior silk 紇
紉 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jīm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jīn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lín • Middle-Chinese : nrin to string; to thread (needles) • to sew; to stitch • (literary) to esteem highly 紉
紐 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nuʔ) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 丑 (OC *n̥ʰuʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄡˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niú • Middle-Chinese : nrjuwX button (Classifier: 粒 c) • handle; knob • pivot; hub • a surname • transliteration for "New" in place names; e.g. 紐約／纽约 (Niǔyuē), 紐西蘭／纽西兰 (Niǔxīlán). 紐 • (nyu>yu) · 紐 • (nyu>yu) (hangeul 뉴>유, revised nyu>yu, McCune–Reischauer nyu>yu, Yale nyu>yu) 紐
紕 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pai¹ • Middle-Chinese : phjij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bjie ‖ 紕 • (bi) · 紕 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi) 紕
紗 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sa • Hokkien · Tai-lo : se • Hokkien · Tai-lo : see • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sua • Middle-Chinese : srae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄠˇ yarn • gauze; sheer • muslin (a lightweight cotton cloth in a plain weave; or thin fabric made of silk or linen) ‖ Alternative form of 眇 (miǎo, “small; tiny; minute”) ‖ 紗(うすぎぬ) • (usuginu) silk gauze • gossamer ‖ Alternative spelling of 薄絹 (“sheer silk”) 紗 • (sa) · 紗 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa) 紗
紜 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢun) : semantic 糸 (“silk; thread”) + phonetic 云 (OC *ɢun) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hjun numerous and disorderly disorder • confusion 紜 • (un) · 紜 • (un) (hangeul 운) 紜
紮 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsriːd) : phonetic 札 (OC *sqriːd) + semantic 糸. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsriːd) : phonetic 札 (OC *sqriːd) + semantic 糸. Cantonese · Jyutping : zaat³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsat • Middle-Chinese : tsreat ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsat to tie; to bind • (regional) Classifier for objects put into a bundle: bundle • (Mainland China Hokkien) to raise; to lift up (curtain, clothing, etc.) • (Mainland China Hokkien) to guide and support (someone) • (Mainland China Hokkien) to wrap up; to bind up; to pack • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to carry; to bring along (on one's person, originally on one's waist) ‖ (military) to be stationed; to be quartered (of troops) • (Cantonese) to be promoted (in rank or position) 紮 (eum 찰 (chal)) 紮
紼 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat¹ • Middle-Chinese : pjut large rope (for pulling a coffin) • Alternative form of 紱／绂 (fú) large rope • rope attached to bier 紼 (eum 불 (bul)) 동아줄 (dong'ajul, “rope”) 紼
絀 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³ • Middle-Chinese : trwit insufficient • deep red • sew; stitch • Alternative form of 黜 (chù, “to dismiss”) sew • stitch • insufficient 絀 • (chul) · 絀 • (chul) (hangeul 출, revised chul, McCune–Reischauer ch'ul, Yale chwul) decline, refuse • sew 絀
絆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paːns) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 半 (OC *paːns). Cantonese · Jyutping : bun⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bun³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puǎnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puānn • Middle-Chinese : panH fetter; shackle • to fetter; to shackle • to trip; to stumble • to hinder; to restrain • (figuratively) trap • (Eastern Min) to be annoying ‖ 絆(きずな) or 絆(キズナ) • (kizuna) ^(←きづな (kiduna)?) ‖ 絆(きずな) • (Kizuna) ^(←きづな (kiduna)?) ‖ 絆(ほだし) • (hodashi) ‖ 絆(ふもだし) • (fumodashi) ties, bonds • fetters ‖ a bond (emotional link or connection), tie • a rope used to bind a horse, for example, as not to get away; a fetter ‖ a female given name ‖ what binds human mind and behavior from freedom; an obstacle to freedom • a rope used to bind a horse, for example, as not to get away • fetters, shackles ‖ a rope used to bind a horse's foot, as not to get away; a fetter 絆 (eumhun 얽어맬 반 (eolgeomael ban)) hanja form of 반 (“bond”) 絆
絢 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hyun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiàn • Middle-Chinese : xwenH brilliant; gorgeous; effulgent • to shine • to embellish; to adorn • to dazzle 絢 • (hyeon) · 絢 • (hyeon) (hangeul 현, revised hyeon, McCune–Reischauer hyŏn, Yale hyen) 絢
絨 ; “ronto-” Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiông • Middle-Chinese : nyuwng silk, cotton, or woolen fabric • velvet • (Taiwan) ronto- (SI unit prefix) wool cloth 絨 • (yung) · 絨 • (yung) (hangeul 융, revised yung, McCune–Reischauer yung, Yale yung) 絨
綁 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : páng to bind; to tie; to fasten 綁
綏 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *snul) : semantic 糹 (“silk”) + phonetic 妥 (OC *n̥ʰoːlʔ, “to comfort”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sui • Middle-Chinese : swij (literary) cord held when mounting a carriage • (literary) to pacify; to placate • (historical) Short for 綏遠／绥远 (Suíyuǎn, “Suiyuan province”). 綏 • (yu, su) · 綏 • (yu, su) (hangeul 유, 수, revised yu, su, McCune–Reischauer yu, su, Yale yu, swu) Hán-Nôm : tuy • Hán-Nôm : nối 綏
綑 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰuːnʔ) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 困 (OC *kʰuːns). 綑
綜 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsuːŋs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 宗 (OC *ʔsuːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsuːŋs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 宗 (OC *ʔsuːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Middle-Chinese : tsowngH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˋ • Middle-Chinese : tsowngH to put together; to assemble; to gather • to synthesize; to sum up • to manage; to administer • to be proficient in • Classifier for threads or hairs: strand • to become crumpled; to crease ‖ heddle (on a loom) rule • synthesize 綜 • (jong) · 綜 • (jong) (hangeul 종, revised jong, McCune–Reischauer chong, Yale cong) Hán-Nôm : tổng • Hán-Nôm : tống 綜
綞 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : do² • Middle-Chinese : twaX 綞
綢 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰuːw, *dɯw) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 周 (OC *tjɯw). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiû • Middle-Chinese : thaw • Middle-Chinese : drjuw silk cloth; satin damask • to bind; to wind around; to wrap around 綢 • (ju, jo, do) · 綢 • (ju, jo, do) (hangeul 주, 조, 도) Hán-Nôm : trù • Hán-Nôm : điều 綢
綰 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁵ • Middle-Chinese : 'waenX • Middle-Chinese : 'waenH to tie; to knot; to bind together, to coil up • ^† to control 綰 • (gwan) · 綰 • (gwan) (hangeul 관, revised gwan, McCune–Reischauer kwan, Yale kwan) Hán-Nôm : oản • Hán-Nôm : quán 綰
綴 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tods, *tod) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 叕 (OC *tod) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tods, *tod) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 叕 (OC *tod) ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuè • Middle-Chinese : trjwejH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuè ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ • Middle-Chinese : trjwet to stitch up • to connect; to join • to decorate ‖ (Southern Min) to follow • (Southern Min) to imitate ‖ Alternative form of 輟／辍 (“to stop”) to spell • compose • bind (books) • write 綴 (eumhun 엮을 철 (yeokkeul cheol)) hanja form of 철 (“to connect; to join”) • hanja form of 철 (“to spell”) Hán-Nôm : chuỗi • Hán-Nôm : chuế • Hán-Nôm : xuyết 綴
綵 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰɯːʔ) : semantic 糸 (“silk; thread”) + phonetic 采 (OC *sʰɯːʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coi² • Middle-Chinese : tshojX varicolored silk • variegated color or decorative pattern • Alternative form of 彩 (cǎi) colorful 綵 • (chae) · 綵 • (chae) (hangeul 채, revised chae, McCune–Reischauer ch'ae, Yale chay) romanization : thải • romanization : giẻ • romanization : thái 綵
綸 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kruːn, *ɡ·run) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 侖 (OC *run). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kruːn, *ɡ·run) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 侖 (OC *run). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Middle-Chinese : lwin ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaan¹ • Middle-Chinese : kwean cyan ribbon • fishing line • thick rope • emperor's order • silk thread • to govern • wide • a place in Henan • Alternative term for 倫／伦 (lún). • a surname ‖ a kind of marine plant • see 綸巾／纶巾 (guānjīn) twine • fishing line 綸 • (ryun>yun, gwan) · 綸 • (ryun>yun, gwan) (hangeul 륜>윤, 관, revised ryun>yun, gwan, McCune–Reischauer ryun>yun, kwan, Yale lyun>yun, kwan) 綸
綺 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰralʔ) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 奇 (OC *kral, *ɡral) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji² • Middle-Chinese : khjeX woven silk • beautiful, gorgeous 綺 • (gi) · 綺 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki) Hán-Nôm : khỉ • Hán-Nôm : ỷ • Hán-Nôm : khởi 綺
綽 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiak • Middle-Chinese : tsyhak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ (literary) ample; spacious ‖ to grab 綽 • (jak) · 綽 • (jak) (hangeul 작, revised jak, McCune–Reischauer chak, Yale cak) Hán-Nôm : xước 綽
綾 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯŋ) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : ling a thin type of silk fabric resembling satin; damask 綾 • (reung>neung) · 綾 • (reung>neung) (hangeul 릉>능, revised reung>neung, McCune–Reischauer rŭng>nŭng, Yale lung>nung) Hán-Nôm : trăng 綾
緇 緇 (OC *tsrə) "black < color of burnt soil?", possibly same word as 菑 (OC *tsrə) "field cleared by slash and burn" (Schuessler, 2007). See there for etymology. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsri (literary) to blacken • (literary) black 緇 • (chi) · 緇 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi) 緇
緘 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaam¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin¹ • Middle-Chinese : keam seal ‖ 緘(かん) • (kan) ‖ 緘(かん) • (kan) ‖ shut; close; seal ‖ seam; seal (of an envelope) • writing on the seal of an envelope 緘 • (ham) · 緘 • (ham) (hangeul 함) seal, close • bind • letter 緘
緝 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰib) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 咠 (OC *ʔsib, *sʰib). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰib) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 咠 (OC *ʔsib, *sʰib). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cap¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsip • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsi̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tship • Middle-Chinese : tship ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ to seize; to arrest; to chase after; to pursue (someone) • to weave hempen thread • to hem clothing ‖ to sew in close stitches 緝 • (jip, jeup) · 緝 • (jip, jeup) (hangeul 집, 즙, revised jip, jeup, McCune–Reischauer chip, chŭp, Yale cip, cup) Hán-Nôm : tập 緝
緞 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dyun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuān • Middle-Chinese : dwanX satin 緞 • (dan, ha) · 緞 • (dan, ha) (hangeul 단, 하, revised dan, ha, McCune–Reischauer tan, ha, Yale tan, ha) Hán-Nôm : đoạn 緞
緬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *menʔ) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 面 (OC *mens). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biǎn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biān • Middle-Chinese : mjienX distant, remote • Short for 緬甸／缅甸 (Miǎndiàn, “Myanmar, Burma”). fine thread • Abbreviation of 緬甸 (Menden, Biruma): Burma (Myanmar) 緬 • (myeon) · 緬 • (myeon) (hangeul 면) Hán-Nôm : miễn • Hán-Nôm : mén • Hán-Nôm : diến • Hán-Nôm : miến • Hán-Nôm : rịn 緬
縈 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Middle-Chinese : 'jwieng (literary) to entangle; to wind around entangle • entwine, coil 縈 • (yeong) · 縈 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng, Yale yeng) entangle • entwine, coil 縈
縑 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gim¹ • Middle-Chinese : kem 縑 • (gyeom) · 縑 • (gyeom) (hangeul 겸, revised gyeom, McCune–Reischauer kyŏm, Yale kyem) 縑
縲 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luî 縲 • (ryu>yu) · 縲 • (ryu>yu) (hangeul 류>유, revised ryu>yu, McCune–Reischauer ryu>yu, Yale lyu>yu) 縲
縷 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí • Middle-Chinese : ljuX thread • detailed, precise • Classifier for wisps, threads, or strands. thread 縷 • (ru>nu) · 縷 • (ru>nu) (hangeul 루>누, revised ru>nu, McCune–Reischauer ru>nu, Yale lwu>nwu) Hán-Nôm : lũ • Hán-Nôm : lụa • Hán-Nôm : lú • Hán-Nôm : lẫu silk thread (see lụa) • silky (see lụa) 縷
繃 ‖ ‖ ‖ Some compounds are attested at least since Ming dynasty. May be related to 綁／绑 (bǎng) (in 緊綁綁／紧绑绑) used in Yuan era plays. \ Mandarin dialects generally use reduplicated 邦 (bāng) instead (e.g. in 硬邦邦 (yìngbāngbāng)), also spelled 梆 (bāng) or 幫／帮 (bāng). See also Hokkien 迸 (piàng) (in 硬迸迸 (ngē-piàng-piàng), 緊迸迸／紧迸迸 (kín-piàng-piàng), etc.). \ ;very; terribly Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : penn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : png • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ping • Middle-Chinese : peang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maang¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baang⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bang¹ to stretch; to draw firmly; to strap • to brace; to taut • (of an object) to spring up; to bounce • (literary, or in compounds, crafts) embroidery frame • (literary, or in compounds) bed frame • sling, piece of cloth used to carry a baby on one's back • (dialectal) to swindle; to cheat • (Internet slang) Short for 繃不住／绷不住 (bēngbùzhù, “to burst out laughing”). ‖ to strain one's muscles • to pull one's face • (Cantonese) to stretch, to set up (a mosquito net, a banner, etc) • (Cantonese) Alternative form of 掹 (“to pull”) ‖ (chiefly Beijing and Southwestern Mandarin, Jin) to split open; to crack; alternative form of 迸 (bèng) ‖ (chiefly Wu, Cantonese, dialectal Mandarin, in reduplication) intensifier used in ideophones • (Wu, Xiang, dialectal Mandarin) very; terribly 繃 • (bung) · 繃 • (bung) (hangeul 붕, revised bung, McCune–Reischauer pung, Yale pung) Hán-Nôm : banh • Hán-Nôm : băng • Hán-Nôm : bắng 繃
繅 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sou¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˇ • Middle-Chinese : tsawX to reel silk from the cocoon ‖ Alternative form of 璪 (zǎo, “silk pendant strung with jade and hung from a crown as an ornament”) draw • reel silk from cocoons • elegant compositions 繅 • (so) · 繅 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so) draw • reel silk from cocoons • elegant compositions 繅
繆 ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : mjuw • Middle-Chinese : mjiw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mau⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mjiwH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : miu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mau⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : muk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mjuwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ ten bundles of hemp • a type of silk • Used in 綢繆／绸缪 (chóumóu). ‖ to deceive; to feign • (obsolete) different • (alt. form 謬／谬) error; mistake • (alt. form 謬／谬) erroneous; mistaken ‖ a surname ‖ to interlock • thin • Alternative form of 糾／纠 • Alternative form of 摎 ‖ Alternative form of 穆 (mù, “reverent; solemn”) • Alternative form of 穆 (mù, “right side position of ancestral tablets in ancestral shrines”) ‖ Alternative form of 繚／缭 (liáo, “to wind around; to entwine”) ‖ Only used in 繆繆／缪缪. ‖ Only used in 蜩繆／蜩缪. ‖ (alt. form 戮, 勠) to join forces error • wrap around 繆 • (mu, yu) · 繆 • (mu, yu) (hangeul 무, 유, revised mu, yu, McCune–Reischauer mu, yu, Yale mu, yu) 繆
繚 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liāu • Middle-Chinese : lew • Middle-Chinese : lewX • Middle-Chinese : ljewX to entwine; to wind around • to sew with slanting stitches twist about • circulate • entangle 繚 • (ryo>yo) · 繚 • (ryo>yo) (hangeul 료>요, revised ryo>yo, McCune–Reischauer ryo>yo, Yale lyo>yo) Hán-Nôm : lèo 繚
繞 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋjewʔ, *ŋjaws) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋjewʔ, *ŋjaws) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋjewʔ, *ŋjaws) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiáu • Middle-Chinese : nyewH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiáu • Middle-Chinese : nyewH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˇ • Middle-Chinese : nyewX to entwine; to wind around; to coil • to confuse ‖ to surround; to encircle • to bypass; to make a detour; to go around ‖ curved; winding • a surname: Rao ‖ 繞(にょう) • (nyō) ^(←ねう (neu)?) surround • return ‖ Chinese character radical that covers the left and bottom of a Chinese character 繞 • (yo) · 繞 • (yo) (hangeul 요) 繞
繡 Earliest seen in Warring States Period texts. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɯwɢs) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 肅 (OC *sɯwɢ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siù • Middle-Chinese : sjuwH to embroider • with rich and bright colors • gorgeous • embroidered clothing ‖ ‖ 繡 (eumhun 수놓을 수 (suno'eul su)) hanja form of 수 (“embroider”) • hanja form of 수 (“gorgeous”) Hán-Nôm : tú 繡
繩 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦbljɯŋ) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 黽 (OC *mlenʔ, *mliŋʔ, *mreːŋʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bliŋ (“string; thread; cord”); compare Japhug tɯmbri (“rope”), Burmese အမျှင် (a.hmyang, “string”), Tangut 𘘫 (*bji², “rope”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Jacques, 2014; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sîng • Middle-Chinese : zying ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄣˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˋ string; rope (Classifier: 條／条 m c) • (literary) to restrict; to restrain • a surname ‖ Only used in 繩繩／绳绳. ‖ rope, line 繩 (eumhun 노끈 승 (nokkeun seung)) hanja form of 승 (“rope; string; cord”) • hanja form of 승 (“measure; restrain”) Hán-Nôm : thằng • Hán-Nôm : thừng • Hán-Nôm : xằng 繩
繪 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːbs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 會 (OC *koːbs, *ɡoːbs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːbs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 會 (OC *koːbs, *ɡoːbs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huē • Middle-Chinese : hwajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ (literary, or in compounds) to draw; to sketch; to paint • (literary, or in compounds) to describe; to portray; to depict • (literary) embroidery with five colors ‖ ^‡ to tie one's hair with various colors picture, drawing, sketch, image. 繪 (eumhun 그림 회 (geurim hoe)) hanja form of 회 (“picture; drawing; sketch; image; painting”) [affix] Hán-Nôm : hội • Hán-Nôm : gói • Hán-Nôm : cởi 繪
繹 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laːɡ) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 睪 (OC *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː). \ Same word as 驛 (OC *laːɡ, “posthorse; relay station”), 譯 (OC *laːɡ, “to translate”), 懌 (OC *laːɡ, “relaxed; pleased”), 斁 (OC *laːɡ, “to be tired of”) (Schuessler, 2007). Also related to 釋 (OC *hljaɡ, “to set free; to explain”), 赦 (OC *hljaɡs, “to let go; to pardon”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Middle-Chinese : yek to unravel; to draw out • to interpret; to explain • to continue pull out 繹 (eum 역 (yeok)) Hán-Nôm : gịt • Hán-Nôm : dịch • Hán-Nôm : dịt 繹
繽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰin) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 賓 (OC *mpin). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phin • Middle-Chinese : phjin Used in 繽紛／缤纷 (bīnfēn). 繽 • (bin) · 繽 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin) 繽
纂 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuàn • Middle-Chinese : tswanX to edit; to compile • topknot; chignon • Alternative form of 纘／缵 (zuǎn, “to inherit; to continue”) 纂 • (chan) · 纂 • (chan) (hangeul 찬, revised chan, McCune–Reischauer ch'an, Yale chan) Hán-Nôm : toản 纂
纏 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dan, *dans) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 廛 (OC *dan). \ Cognate with Tibetan སྟར (star, “to tie fast”) (Schuessler, 2007, Hill, 2019). Cantonese · Jyutping : cin⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiân • Middle-Chinese : drjen • Middle-Chinese : drjenH to wind; to tie; to bind • to pester; to harass • (dialectal) to deal with 纏 • (jeon) · 纏 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen) Hán-Nôm : triền • Hán-Nôm : dờn 纏
纓 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qeŋ) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 嬰 (OC *qeŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iann • Middle-Chinese : 'jieng tassel • tassel-like object • ribbon • rope • to twine • to suffer from crown string • breast harness 纓 • (yeong) · 纓 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng, Yale yeng) Hán-Nôm : anh 纓
纖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sem) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 韱 (OC *sem). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sem) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 韱 (OC *sem). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiam • Middle-Chinese : sjem ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ finely-woven silk • fine; delicate • minute • graceful; slender • stingy; frugal • fiber • (Buddhism) the number 10⁻⁷ ‖ ^† to stab; to prick • ^† sharp; pointed • ^† Alternative form of 籤／签 (qiān, “bamboo slips”) 纖 • (seom) · 纖 • (seom) (hangeul 섬, revised seom, McCune–Reischauer sŏm, Yale sem) romanization : tiêm • romanization : tươm • romanization : thin • romanization : thên 纖
纜 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːms) : semantic 糹 (“silk”) + phonetic 覽 (OC *ɡ·raːmʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lám • Middle-Chinese : lomX • Middle-Chinese : lamH (literary) hawser; heavy rope for mooring boats • cable; thick rope with many strands (Classifier: 條／条 c) • to moor; to tie; to fasten • (Cantonese) to wear something that requires wrapping • (Cantonese) betting slips for illegal bookmaking • (gambling, originally Cantonese) martingale (gambling strategy) (Classifier: 條／条 c) 纜 • (ram>nam) · 纜 • (ram>nam) (hangeul 람>남, revised ram>nam, McCune–Reischauer ram>nam, Yale lam>nam) 纜
缽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *poːd) : semantic 缶 (“pot”) + phonetic 本 (OC *pɯːnʔ). Originally written as 鉢 (OC *poːd) or 盋 (OC *poːd). \ Short for 缽多羅／钵多罗 (bōduōluó), from Sanskrit पात्र (pātra, “(drinking) vessel; bowl; cup; plate; etc.”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puat • Middle-Chinese : pat (Buddhism) monk's alms bowl • bowl; basin; pot (often made of earthenware or metal) earthenware basin • alms bowl Hán-Nôm : bát bowl 缽
罄 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰeːŋs) : phonetic 殸 (OC *kʰreːŋ, *kʰeːŋs) + semantic 缶 (“pottery”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hing³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khìng • Middle-Chinese : khengH empty • exhaust, run out, use up exhaust • run out • use up • empty 罄 • (gyeong) · 罄 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng) empty • exhaust • a kind of Chinese musical instrument made of stone or jade Hán-Nôm : khánh 罄
罈 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâm earthenware jar; jug Hán-Nôm : đàn 罈
罟 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Middle-Chinese : kuX net (especially for catching fish or birds) • to catch (with a net) 罟 • (go) · 罟 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko) 罟
罹 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 网 (“net”) + 忄 (“heart”) + 隹 (“bird”). \ The senses represented by this character were often written with the character 離 (OC *rel) in ancient times. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : lje to experience; to suffer; to be hit with • to suffer (from a disease) • suffering; misery 罹 (eumhun 걸릴 리 (geollil ri), word-initial (South Korea) 걸릴 이 (geollil i)) hanja form of 리/이 (“to experience; to suffer; to be hit with”) 罹
羈 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kua • Middle-Chinese : kje bridle; halter • to restrain; to hold; to control • to stay; to remain; to lodge 羈 • (gi) · 羈 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki) Hán-Nôm : kí 羈
羌 Unclear. \ Pulleyblank (1983) suggests a derivation from 羊 (OC *laŋ). \ Schuessler (2007) prefers to relate it to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-klawŋ (“to guard; to herd; to tend (cattle); to graze; to be at leisure”), whence Tibetan སྐྱོང (skyong, “to guard; to nurture; to keep; to care for”), Asho Chin klóng (“to herd; to graze”), Burmese ကျောင်း (kyaung:, “to feed; to tend (cattle)”); then 羌 means "herders". Compare 養 (OC *laŋʔ, *laŋs, “to raise; to nourish”). \ Beckwith (2009) proposes a possible Indo-European origin; compare Tocharian B klank- (“to ride; to go by chariot”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiong • Middle-Chinese : khjang (～族, ～人) Qiang people • Name of a historical tribe in ancient China. • muntjac (species of deer) • (obsolete) Meaningless sentence-initial particle, often used in the Chuci. • a surname 羌 • (gang) · 羌 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang) Hán-Nôm : cưng • Hán-Nôm : gừng • Hán-Nôm : khương 羌
羯 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kad) : semantic 羊 (“sheep; goat”) + phonetic 曷 (OC *ɡaːd). \ ; “wether” \ : Alternatively, Wang (1982) relates this word to 割 (OC *kaːd, “to cut”). \ ; “Jie people” Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : git³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiat • Middle-Chinese : kjot castrated buck caprid; wether • Jie people (a small, extinct tribe that once lived in North China) barbarian • (more specifically) the Jie people, a certain tribe that lived to the north of China in antiquity (see Chinese 羯 (jié) for details) 羯 • (gal) · 羯 • (gal) (hangeul 갈, revised gal, McCune–Reischauer kal, Yale kal) Hán-Nôm : yết • Hán-Nôm : khiết 羯
羲 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hŋral) : semantic 兮 + phonetic 義 (OC *ŋrals). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi • Middle-Chinese : xje Used in personal names. • Short for 伏羲 (Fúxī). • Short for 羲和 (xīhé). • ^† breath; vapor; gas • Alternative form of 曦 (xī) • Short for 王羲之 (Wáng Xīzhī). • a surname Used in personal names. Hán-Nôm : hi 羲
羶 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljan) : semantic 羊 + phonetic 亶 (OC *taːnʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Middle-Chinese : syen rank odor (especially of sheep and goat) 羶 • (jeon) · 羶 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen) 羶
羸 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ljwe (literary) in a weak or exhausted state to grow haggard; to get thin • weak; frail 羸 (eumhun 파리할 리 (parihal ri), word-initial (South Korea) 파리할 이 (parihal i)) 羸
羿 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋeːs) : semantic 羽 + phonetic 幵 (OC *kŋeːn). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ngejH (historical) the name of a legendary archer (also called 后羿) • a surname Hán-Nôm : nghệ 羿
翎 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːŋ) : phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs) + semantic 羽 (“feather”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : leng long, stiff feather on the wings or tail of a bird; (by extension) bird's feather • wing (of an insect) • arrow feather • (historical) feather on an official's hat (used for decoration and displaying his rank) 翎 • (ryeong>yeong) · 翎 • (ryeong>yeong) (hangeul 령>영, revised ryeong>yeong, McCune–Reischauer ryŏng>yŏng, Yale lyeng>yeng) Hán-Nôm : linh 翎
翕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰrub) : phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb) + semantic 羽 (“wings”) ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : jap¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hip • Middle-Chinese : xip ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : hip friendly; compliant • 58th tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝌿) • (Sichuanese) to crack ‖ to smother; to be suffocated • to take a picture 翕 • (heup) · 翕 • (heup) (hangeul 흡, revised heup, McCune–Reischauer hŭp, Yale hup) Hán-Nôm : hấp 翕
翟 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 羽 (“feather”) + 隹 (“bird”). \ Schuessler (2007) suggests that the name of the long-tailed pheasant is related to 濯 (OC *d-liauk, “clean, brilliant, glossy; to moisten, to wash”) and its exopassive 濯 (OC *d-liaukh, “to wash clothes”) owing to the birds' shiny feathers. See there for further etymology. \ STEDT derives this from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rik ~ *s-rjak (“pheasant, partridge”). \ Goldin (2011) proposes that 翟 (dí) and 狄 (dí, “northern foreigners”) are related, 狄 (dí) being a "pseudo-ethnonym" meaning "feathered". ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k • Middle-Chinese : dek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thi̍k • Middle-Chinese : draek (archaic) a long-tailed species of pheasant • (historical) pheasant plumes used in dances • (obsolete) things decorated with pheasant plumes • Alternative form of 狄 ‖ a surname kind of pheasant 翟 • (jeok, chaek) · 翟 • (jeok, chaek) (hangeul 적, 책, revised jeok, chaek, McCune–Reischauer chŏk, ch'aek, Yale cek, chayk) pheasant Hán-Nôm : địch 翟
翡 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei² • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huí • Middle-Chinese : bj+jH a kind of red kingfisher • Used in 翡翠 (fěicuì, “kingfisher; jadeite”). 翡 • (bi) · 翡 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi) Hán-Nôm : phỉ 翡
翱 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kô • Middle-Chinese : ngaw to spread wings and fly 翱 • (go) · 翱 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko) 翱
翳 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qiː, *qiːs) : phonetic 殹 (OC *qiːs) + semantic 羽. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : è • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ì • Middle-Chinese : 'ej • Middle-Chinese : 'ejH (literary) shade; screen • nebula • (literary) to hide; to conceal • (literary) to shade; to screen • (literary) feather cover of vehicle • (Mainland China Hokkien) gloomy clouds ‖ 翳(えい) • (ei) ‖ 翳(えい) • (ei) to hide; to conceal • to shade • shadow ‖ shade; shadow (interchangeable with 影 (ei)) ‖ 翳 (eum 예 (ye)) Hán-Nôm : ế 翳
翹 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡew, *ɡews) : phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw) + semantic 羽 (“feather”). \ Schuessler (2007) considers this to be probably unrelated to the word family of 喬 (OC *krew, “tall”) and instead proposes cognacy with Proto-Northern Naga *gyaw (“high”). \ Sagart (2021b) connects this to Tibetan སྒྲོ (sgro, “large feather”), which he (Sagart, 2017b) has also connected to 喬 (OC *krew). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kiu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gjiew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kiu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiàu • Middle-Chinese : gjiewH long tail feathers of a bird; rectrix • bird's tail • animal's tail • to lift; to raise • to expose; to reveal; to uncover; to arouse • (colloquial, of wooden plank, paper, etc.) to become twisted; to be warped from water damage • outstanding; extraordinary • high; dangerous • lush; luxuriant • (historical) a kind of hair jewelry worn by ancient women, shaped like a bird's tail • Alternative form of 篪 (chí, “ancient musical instrument”) ‖ (colloquial) to stick up (one end of an object, such as a tail); to curl up; to turn upwards • (colloquial) to leave in stealth; to play truant; to wag (from school) excellence 翹 • (gyo) · 翹 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo) canonical : 翹: Hán Việt readings: kiều 翹: Nôm readings: khiêu • canonical : kẻo 翹
耆 Compare with Burmese ကြီး (kri:, “great, big, old”). ‖ Compare with Burmese ကြီး (kri:, “great, big, old”). ‖ Compare with Burmese ကြီး (kri:, “great, big, old”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gjij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ man of sixty • aged; old; senior • tyrannical • to detest; to abhor ‖ to cause; to result in ‖ Original form of 嗜 (shì, “to be fond of”). senility 耆 • (gi, chi) · 耆 • (gi, chi) (hangeul 기, 치, revised gi, chi, McCune–Reischauer ki, ch'i, Yale ki, chi) 耆
耒 Pictogram (象形) – a wooden (木) plow with originally three cross lines (彡) for the furrows of the plow, later simplified to two. ‖ Simplified from 來 (从 → 二). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luī • Middle-Chinese : lwijX • Middle-Chinese : lwojH ‖ handle of plow • plow ‖ 耒 • (roe>noe) · 耒 • (roe>noe) (hangeul 뢰>뇌, revised roe>noe, McCune–Reischauer roe>noe, Yale loy>noy) Hán-Nôm : lỗi • Hán-Nôm : lồi • Hán-Nôm : doi • Hán-Nôm : lọi • Hán-Nôm : lội • Hán-Nôm : lòi • Hán-Nôm : rồi • Hán-Nôm : ròi • Hán-Nôm : lẫn • Hán-Nôm : rổi • Hán-Nôm : rỗi • Hán-Nôm : rủi 耒
耜 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljɯʔ) : semantic 耒 (“plow”) + phonetic 㠯 (). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁵ • Middle-Chinese : ziX (archaic) plowshare Hán-Nôm : trĩ • Hán-Nôm : tự 耜
聱 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ngaew • Middle-Chinese : ngaw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˊ • Middle-Chinese : ngjiw not taking others' advice • uneven ‖ mixed; (of sounds) noisy (see the compounds) poor sentences • bent and twisted • too complicated 聱 • (o) · 聱 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o) bent and twisted • too complicated 聱
聳 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloŋʔ) : phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs) + semantic 耳. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshàng • Middle-Chinese : sjowngX deaf • urge on • rise up; raise up • erect • to reward • to scare; to frighten • lofty rise • tower 聳 (eum 용 (yong)) urge on • rise up • stir, excite • to raise up • lofty 聳
聶 Triplication of 耳 (“ear”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liap • Middle-Chinese : nrjep to whisper (into one's ear) • a surname 聶 • (seop) · 聶 • (seop) (hangeul 섭, revised seop, McCune–Reischauer sŏp, Yale sep) Hán-Nôm : nhiếp • Hán-Nôm : niếp 聶
聾 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːŋ) : phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ) + semantic 耳 (“ear”) – deaf. \ Perhaps related to 聳 (OC *sloŋʔ, “deaf”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Middle-Chinese : luwng deaf deafness • deaf 聾 • (rong>nong) · 聾 • (rong>nong) (hangeul 롱>농, revised rong>nong, McCune–Reischauer rong>nong, Yale long>nong) 聾
聿 Pictogram (象形) or \ ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : hand (又) holding a brush. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyut⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leot⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : u̍t • Middle-Chinese : ywit Original form of 筆／笔 (bǐ, “writing brush; pencil”). • sentence-initial or sentence-medial introductory particle: then; and then; thereupon • (Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to scribble, scrawl, or daub in a hasty and careless way • a surname writing brush, pencil • thereupon 聿 (eumhun 붓 율 (but yul)) hanja form of 율 (“writing brush, paint brush”) Hán-Nôm : duật 聿
肄 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Middle-Chinese : yijH practice; study 肄 • (i) · 肄 • (i) (hangeul 이, revised i, McCune–Reischauer i, Yale i) 肄
肓 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong¹ • Middle-Chinese : xwang (traditional Chinese medicine) the part of human body between the heart and the diaphragm, which was thought to be unreachable by medicament inaccessible region of the body (between the heart and the diaphragm) 肓 • (hwang) · 肓 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang) 肓
肫 ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsywin ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣˊ (obsolete) cheek • stomach of birds; gizzard of birds • (literary) sincere ‖ Alternative form of 純／纯 ‖ Alternative form of 豚 gizzard of fowl • honest • sincere 肫 • (sun) · 肫 • (sun) (hangeul 순, revised sun, McCune–Reischauer sun, Yale swun) gizzard of fowl • honest • sincere Hán-Nôm : truân 肫
肱 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Middle-Chinese : kwong (anatomy) upper arm • (figurative) minister of the emperor ‖ 肱(ひじ) • (hiji) ^(←ひぢ (fidi)?) ‖ Alternative spelling of 肘 肱 (eum 굉 (goeng)) Hán-Nôm : quăng 肱
胆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːn, *daːn) : semantic ⺼ (“body part”) + phonetic 旦 (OC *taːns). ‖ 胆(い) • (i) gall bladder • courage ‖ gallbladder; liver 胆 • (dam) · 胆 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam, Yale tam) 胆
胛 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːb) : phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb) + semantic 肉 (“flesh”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Middle-Chinese : kaep shoulder, shoulder blade 胛 • (gap) · 胛 • (gap) (hangeul 갑, revised gap, McCune–Reischauer kap, Yale kap) 胛
胤 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 八 + 幺 + 肉. Explanation uncertain. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : īn • Middle-Chinese : yinH (literary) progeny; posterity; descendants • (literary) heir; successor ‖ 胤(たね) • (tane) ‖ 胤(いん) • (in) ‖ paternal blood, offspring ‖ lineage; descendant 胤 (eum 윤 (yun)) Hán-Nôm : dận 胤
胥 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋa, *sŋaʔ) : phonetic 疋 (OC *ŋraːʔ, *sŋra, *sŋraʔ) + semantic 月 (“flesh”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Middle-Chinese : sjo • Middle-Chinese : sjoX (historical) officer who was responsible for capturing thieves • (literary) all • (Classical) mutually • a surname 胥 • (seo) · 胥 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se) Hán-Nôm : tư 胥
胭 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ian • Middle-Chinese : 'en Short for 胭脂 (yānzhi). 胭
胱 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kong • Middle-Chinese : kwang Only used in 膀胱 (pángguāng, “bladder”). bladder 胱 (eumhun 오줌통 광 (ojumtong gwang)) hanja form of 광 (“bladder”) 胱
脩 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slɯw) : phonetic 攸 (OC *lɯw) + semantic 肉 (“meat”) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slɯw) : phonetic 攸 (OC *lɯw) + semantic 肉 (“meat”) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slɯw) : phonetic 攸 (OC *lɯw) + semantic 肉 (“meat”) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slɯw) : phonetic 攸 (OC *lɯw) + semantic 肉 (“meat”) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slɯw) : phonetic 攸 (OC *lɯw) + semantic 肉 (“meat”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siu • Middle-Chinese : sjuw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ (literary) dried meat (presented to teachers as payment) • (literary) dried meat (presented to teachers as payment) · (by extension, historical) payment for teachers in ancient China • (literary) Alternative form of 修 (xiū) • to dry out; to wither • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 卣 (yǒu, “painted wine vessel”) ‖ Name of a county. ‖ Only used in 脩脩 (xiāoxiāo). ‖ Alternative form of 滌／涤 (dí, “to wash; to cleanse”) ‖ 脩(おさむ) • (Osamu) dried meat ‖ a male given name 脩 • (su) · 脩 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu) Hán-Nôm : tu 脩
脫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). \ :Within Chinese, cognate with 蛻 (OC *l̥ʰoːds, “exuviae (skin cast off during molting)”), 愉 (OC *lo, “relax > happy, pleased”), 悅 (OC lod, “contented”), 說 (OC *hljod, “to speak, to explain”), 說 (OC *hljods, “to persuade”), 偷 (OC *l̥ʰoː, “to steal”), 奪 (OC *Cə.lˁot, “to rob, to snatch”); \ :Outside Chinese, cognate with Tibetan གློད་པ (glod pa, “loosen, relax, slacken”), Tibetan ཧློད་པ (hlod pa, “loose, relaxed”), Lepcha ᰒᰤᰦᰳ (flját), ᰒᰤᰩᰳ (fljót), Burmese လွှတ် (hlwat), Burmese ချွတ် (hkywat). \ In its use in Northern Wu languages, such as Shanghainese, Suzhounese, and Ningbonese, as well as Lower Yangtze Mandarin, it is likely from a grammaticalisation of the verb. Compare with 落 (Wuxi, Changzhou) and 掉 (Haining, Danyang) ‖ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : tyut³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thut • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuat • Middle-Chinese : dwat • Middle-Chinese : thwat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄟˋ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : thu̍t to take off (clothes); to peel off; to strip • to get away from; to escape; to leave; to avoid • to leave out; to miss; to omit • rapid; swift; fast • unaffected; free; at ease • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to collapse; to pass out; to fall in a faint • (Ningbonese and Shanghainese) and • (Northern Wu, Jianghuai Mandarin) Used to indicate a negative outcome to a verb. ‖ Used in 脫脫／脱脱 (“carefree”). • Alternative form of 蛻／蜕 (“(of skin) cast off”) • a surname ‖ (Hokkien) to slip out of place • (Mainland China Hokkien) to misstep take off, remove • escape, get away 脫 • (tal, tae) · 脫 • (tal, tae) (hangeul 탈, 태, McCune–Reischauer t'al, t'ae, Yale thal, thay) Hán-Nôm : thoát 脫
脹 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiùnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiònn • Middle-Chinese : trjangH to expand; to increase in size; to swell • (medicine, of muscles, skin, etc.) to swell • (medicine) to have edema; to have dropsy swell, dilate, distend, bulge 脹 (eumhun 부을 창 (bueul chang)) hanja form of 창 (“to expand; to swell”) Hán-Nôm : trướng • Hán-Nôm : chương • Hán-Nôm : rướn • Hán-Nôm : chướng 脹
腆 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tin² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thián • Middle-Chinese : thenX prosperous • good • protruding 腆 (eum 전 (jeon)) Hán-Nôm : thiển 腆
腑 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Middle-Chinese : pjuX viscera ‖ 腑(ふ) • (fu) ^(←ふ (fu)?) viscera ‖ 腑 (eumhun 육부 부 (yukbu bu)) hanja form of 부 (“the six viscera(bowels)”) 腑
腱 Originally 䇟. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kan, *ɡans) : semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 建 (OC *kans). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gin³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gin¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiān • Middle-Chinese : kjon • Middle-Chinese : gjonH tendons ‖ 腱(けん) • (ken) ‖ (anatomy) a tendon 腱 • (geon) · 腱 • (geon) (hangeul 건, revised geon, McCune–Reischauer kŏn, Yale ken) 腱
腳 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaɡ) : semantic ⺼ (“meat, body”) + phonetic 卻 (OC *kaɡ, *kʰaɡ) – part of the body, the foot or leg. \ Etymology not clear (Schuessler, 2007). Unrelated to Min 跤. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kioh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiok • Middle-Chinese : kjak (anatomy) foot (Classifier: 隻／只 m c; 雙／双 m c; 對／对 c) • base; leg; foundation • Alternative form of 角 (jué, “role; part; character”) • (Cantonese) person who joins an activity 腳 (eumhun 다리 각 (dari gak)) Hán-Nôm : cước • Hán-Nôm : cuốc 腳
膈 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːɡ) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 鬲 (OC *kreːɡ, *ɡ·reːɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːɡ) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 鬲 (OC *kreːɡ, *ɡ·reːɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaak³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : keh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : keeh • Middle-Chinese : keak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˋ (anatomy) diaphragm • a kind of bell ‖ Only used in 膈應／膈应 (gèying). 膈 • (gyeok) · 膈 • (gyeok) (hangeul 격) 膈
膠 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯːw, *krɯːws, *kʰrɯːw) : semantic ⺼ (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 翏 (OC *ɡ·rɯːw, *ɡ·rɯws). ‖ Near homophone of the vulgar word 鳩／鸠 (gau¹). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kau • Middle-Chinese : kaew • Middle-Chinese : khaew • Middle-Chinese : kaewH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau¹ glue; adhesive; gum; resin • rubber (material) • to glue; to adhere • sticky; gluey • (Cantonese) plastic • Short for 膠州／胶州 (Jiāozhōu). • Short for 膠澳／胶澳. (former name of 青島／青岛 (Qīngdǎo)) • (Wenzhounese) swim bladder ‖ (originally Internet slang) stupid; foolish; dumb • (Internet slang) stupidness; stupidity (Classifier: 打 c) • (originally Internet slang, offensive) idiot; retard • (originally Internet slang, possibly offensive) nerd; enthusiast • (chiefly Internet slang) to act stupidly; to act foolishly glue • isinglass 膠 • (gyo) · 膠 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo) Hán-Nôm : giao • Hán-Nôm : keo 膠
膩 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nis) : semantic 肉 (“meat”) + phonetic 貳 (OC *njis). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jī • Middle-Chinese : nrijH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : nau⁶ ‖ fatty; oily • too greasy to bear • (Northern Min) to become soggy • meticulous; delicate; glossy • to make (someone) feel sick; to disgust (someone) • to be sick of; to be tired of • (literary) dirt • sticky; grimy • intimate; close • (Beijing Mandarin) to stick around, causing others to be fed up • (Beijing Mandarin) to stick to (someone); to pester (someone) • (Beijing Mandarin) to fill a crack; to putty • (Sichuanese) to hesitate; to be irresolute ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 腬 (nau6, “heavy; filling; too greasy or sweet”) ‖ (Eastern Min) to nap; to doze 膩 • (ni>i) · 膩 • (ni>i) (hangeul 니>이, revised ni>i, McCune–Reischauer ni>i, Yale ni>i) 膩
膺 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯŋ) : phonetic 𤸰 () + semantic 肉 (“body”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'ing (literary) breast; chest • (ancient, of horses) breast strap • (literary) to undertake; to bear • (literary) to attack breast 膺 (eumhun 가슴 응 (gaseum eung)) hanja form of 응 (“breasts”) Hán-Nôm : ưng • Hán-Nôm : ứng 膺
膽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːmʔ) : semantic ⺼ (“body part”) + phonetic 詹 (OC *tjam). \ Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007); compare Proto-Vietic *lɔːm, Proto-Katuic *lɔɔm, Proto-Bahnaric *kləːm, etc. from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁ləəm ~ *t₁luəm "liver". Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tám • Middle-Chinese : tamX (anatomy) gallbladder • (figurative) guts; courage; bravery; strength; nerve • inner container; liner (of a thermos); bladder (of a ball) • vacuum tube 膽 (eumhun 쓸개 담 (sseulgae dam)) hanja form of 담 (“gall bladder”) • hanja form of 담 (“courage; nerve”) Hán-Nôm : đảm 膽
膾 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kui² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Middle-Chinese : kwajH (historical) kuai, a historical Chinese dish consisting of finely cut strips of raw fish or meat • (archaic) to mince; to chop ‖ 膾(なます) • (namasu) ‖ namasu, a Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced uncooked vegetables and meat or seafood, marinated in rice vinegar 膾 (eumhun 회 회 (hoe hoe)) hanja form of 회 (“sliced raw meat or fish”) Hán-Nôm : gỏi • Hán-Nôm : khoái • Hán-Nôm : cối • Hán-Nôm : quái 膾
膿 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâng • Middle-Chinese : nowng pus ‖ 膿(うみ) • (umi) ‖ 膿(のう) • (nō) ‖ 膿(のう) • (nō) ‖ pus ‖ (medicine) pus ‖ (medicine) pus 膿 (eumhun 고름 농 (goreum nong)) hanja form of 농 (“pus”) 膿
臃 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong Used in 臃腫／臃肿 (yōngzhǒng, “obese; swollen; overstaffed”). 臃
臉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·reːmʔ, *skʰlam, *kramʔ) : semantic ⺼ (“body part”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-gram (“cheek; face”). Cognate with Tibetan འགྲམ་པ ('gram pa, “cheek”), འགྲམ་རུས ('gram rus, “cheekbone”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˇㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liám • Middle-Chinese : leamX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim¹ • Middle-Chinese : tshjem (anatomy) cheek • (anatomy) face (Classifier: 張／张 m) • (by extension) facial expression; complexion • (figurative) front part of something • (figurative) reputation; face; image ‖ meat soup cheek • face 臉 (eumhun 뺨 검 (ppyam geom)) cheek • face Hán-Nôm : kiểm • Hán-Nôm : quặm • Hán-Nôm : liển • Hán-Nôm : liễn • Hán-Nôm : liễm • Hán-Nôm : kiễm 臉
臍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zliːl) : semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls). \ Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-taj (“navel; abdomen; centre; self”) (Weidert, 1987; Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan ལྟེ (lte, “navel”), Chepang तोय् (“navel”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsê • Middle-Chinese : dzej navel ‖ 臍(へそ) • (heso) ‖ 臍(ほぞ) • (hozo) ‖ (anatomy) navel ‖ (anatomy) navel 臍 (eumhun 배꼽 제 (baekkop je)) hanja form of 제 (“navel”) 臍
臏 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan⁵ • Middle-Chinese : bjinX Alternative form of 髕／髌 (bìn, “kneecap; cutting off kneecaps as a form of punishment”) the kneecap 臏 • (bin) · 臏 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin) kneecap 臏
臘 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːb) : semantic ⺼ (“meat”) + phonetic 巤 (OC *rab). \ Uncertain. \ * Bodde (1975) cites Zheng Xuan's comment on the relation between 臘 (OC *raːb, “year-end sacrifice”) and 獵 (OC *rab, “hunt”); \ * Boltz (1979) instead relates it to a much later word written with the same phonetic & meaning "to cut off, to terminate" (of a year); \ * Schuessler (2007) proposes an alternative Sino-Tibetan etymology: just as the 葉 (OC *hljeb, *leb) word-family encompasses the meanings "leaf > foliage, year, generation"; so the root *râp "new year, change of year" is apparently a parallel etymon, which also is cognate with Tibetan རབས། (rabs, “generation”) (Bodman, 1980). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍h • Middle-Chinese : lap year-end sacrifice to the gods • twelfth month of the Chinese lunar calendar • dried preserved meat; cured meat ‖ 臘(ろう) • (rō) ‖ a Buddhist ceremony held in winter on the third day of the dog • the twelfth month of the lunar-solar calendar • a year in Buddhism after one completes a meditation retreat 臘 • (rap>nap) · 臘 • (rap>nap) (hangeul 랍>납, revised rap>nap, McCune–Reischauer rap>nap, Yale lap>nap) Hán-Nôm : chạp • Hán-Nôm : chợp • Hán-Nôm : lạp • Hán-Nôm : lép 臘
臚 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ljo (literary) to display; to list 臚 • (ryeo>yeo) · 臚 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye) 臚
臥 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 臣 (“eye”) + 人 (“person”). Cantonese · Jyutping : ngo⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gōo • Middle-Chinese : ngwaH to lie down • to sleep; to rest • (of animals) to crouch • (literary) to live in seclusion; to retreat • (regional) to poach (to cook in boiling water) • (in compounds) containing a bed; used for sleeping • (in compounds) sleeper ‖ 臥(が) • (ga) ^(←ぐわ (gwa)?) to lie down • prostrate ‖ to bend down; to lie down; to prostrate 臥 • (wa) · 臥 • (wa) (hangeul 와) Hán-Nôm : ngọa • Hán-Nôm : ngoạ 臥
臧 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 臣 (“eye”) + 戈 (“spear;weapon”) – "slave; prisoner of war" (slaves in ancient China were blinded, hence the 臣 component. Compare 童 and 民). The phonetic component 爿 (OC *zaŋ), absent in the oracle-bone script, was added at a later stage (see Yang, 1965, and references therein), leading Shuowen to interpret the character as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaːŋ) : phonetic 戕 (OC *kaːl, *ʔsaːŋ, *zaŋ) + semantic 臣. \ Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan བཟང (bzang, “good; fine”) (Coblin, 1986). ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong⁶ (literary) good; right; generous • (literary) to praise; to commend • a surname ‖ (derogatory) slave; enslaved captive • Alternative form of 贓／赃 (zāng, “booty; loot; stolen goods”) ‖ Alternative form of 藏 (“to hide; to store”) ‖ Alternative form of 藏 (zàng, “storing pace; depository”) • Alternative form of 臟／脏 (zàng, “internal organs, viscera”) 臧 (eum 장 (jang)) Hán-Nôm : tang • Hán-Nôm : tàng 臧
臺 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated 喬 + 室. \ Its exact structure changes depending on region and time period, but for most of its existence it has been a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) . The phonetic has always been 之 (OC *tjɯ) or 止 (OC *kjɯʔ). \ : Oracle bone inscriptions: phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) + 宀. \ : Chu slips: phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) + 室 \ : Jin slips: \ :* Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated 喬 + 室. This is the modern form inherited by Han seal script. \ :* Phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ) + abbreviated 室 \ :* Phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) + 室 \ : Qin dynasty: Phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ) + 高 + 室 \ Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 之 (“foot”) + abbreviated 高 (“high”) + 室 (“building”) – a watch tower. The Shuowen Jiezi Zhu considers 㞢 (*tjɯ) to be the sound component. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄞˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâi • Middle-Chinese : doj tower; lookout • stage; platform • support; stand; base • station · (specifically) broadcasting station or channel; television station or channel • station · (specifically, Internet) live stream • station • terrace (raised ground) • Suffix for terms of address conveying respect for the addressee. • Short for 臺灣／台灣／台湾 (Táiwān, “Taiwan”). • Short for 臺語／台語／台语 (táiyǔ, “Taiwanese Hokkien”). • Classifier for machines, vehicles or electronic devices. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • Classifier for stage performance. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • Alternative form of 檯／台 (tái, “table; desk”) • Alternative form of 薹 (tái, “sedge”) • a surname • (mahjong) points 臺 (eumhun 대 대 (dae dae)) ‖ 臺 • (Dae) (hangeul 대) hanja form of 대 (“platform”) [noun] • hanja form of 대 (“counter for vehicles or machinery”) [counter] • hanja form of 대 (“(after a number) in the... s”) [suffix] ‖ (in news headlines) Short for 臺(대)灣(만) (Daeman, “Taiwan”). Hán-Nôm : đài chữ Hán form of đài (“platform, broadcast station”). 臺
臻 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsin • Middle-Chinese : tsrin (literary) to attain; to realize • (literary) to arrive; to reach; to come 臻 • (jin) · 臻 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin) Hán-Nôm : trăn 臻
臾 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : yu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵ a moment, an instant, a short while (used in 須臾／须臾 (xūyú)) • a surname ‖ Only used in 縱臾／纵臾 (zǒngyǒng). 臾 (eum 잠깐 유, 권할 용 (jamkkan yu, gwonhal yong)) 臾
舂 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 廾 (“both hands”) + 午 (“pestle”) + 臼 (“mortar”) – using both hands to pound with a mortar and pestle. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong • Middle-Chinese : syowng to pound on grains in a mortar in order to husk them • (Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min, Shanghainese) to hit with a fist; to punch • (Cantonese) to fall (especially head down) to grind in a mortar 舂 • (yong, song, chang) · 舂 • (yong, song, chang) (hangeul 용, 송, 창, revised yong, song, chang, McCune–Reischauer yong, song, ch'ang, Yale yong, song, chang) Hán-Nôm : thung 舂
舉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaʔ) : phonetic 與 (OC *la, *laʔ, *las) + semantic 手 (“hand”) as 擧／举. The 手 (shǒu) component became 𰀁. \ ;lift \ ;all, whole, entire \ ;to pawn Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kú • Middle-Chinese : kjoX to raise; to lift up • (literary) to raise; to bring up • to elect • to start; to initiate • to cite; to enumerate • action; deed • (historical) successful candidate in the imperial examination at the provincial level • whole; entire • (Cantonese) to pawn Alternative form of 擧 (Shinjitai form 挙) Hán-Nôm : cử • Hán-Nôm : cỡ • Hán-Nôm : cữ 舉
舐 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦljeʔ) : semantic 舌 + phonetic 氏 (OC *skeŋ, *kje, *ɡjeʔ). \ The glyphs recorded in Shuowen are 舓 (shì) (with phonetic 易 (OC *leːɡs, *leɡ)) and 𦧇 (with phonetic 也 (OC *laːlʔ)). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s/g-ljak (“to lick; tongue”). The Cantonese vernacular reading laai² preserves the Old Chinese initial *l-. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǐ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǐnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǐ • Middle-Chinese : zyeX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lim² • Cantonese · Jyutping : lem² to lick; to lap; to stroke with the tongue ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 舔 (“to lick”) 舐 (eum 지 (ji)) canonical : 舐: Hán Việt readings: thỉ • canonical : thị • canonical : để 舐: Nôm readings: liếm • canonical : thỉ 舐
舛 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 夊 + 𡕒 (second character roughly ヰ) – two feet facing in different directions. Compare 夅, with feet pointing down. Compare also foot in 夂, 夊, 𡕒. Note that the left foot has changed shape rather more than the right foot, which still resembles the form in earlier script. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuán • Middle-Chinese : tsyhwenX (literary) to be opposed to; to be contrary to; to deviate from • (literary) an error or mistake • (literary) a disorderly misfortune; be in a difficult situation 舛 • (cheon) · 舛 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen) Hán-Nôm : suyễn • Hán-Nôm : sẻn 舛
舜 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sùn • Middle-Chinese : sywinH Emperor Shun, legendary ruler of ancient China • (alt. form 蕣) Hibiscus syriacus • a surname 舜 • (sun) · 舜 • (sun) (hangeul 순, revised sun, McCune–Reischauer sun, Yale swun) Hán-Nôm : thuấn 舜
舢 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ Only used in 舢板 (shānbǎn). sampan 舢 (eum 산 (san)) a small boat attached to a ship 舢
舨 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan² Only used in 舢舨 and 艟舨. 舨
舫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paːŋs, *paŋs) : semantic 舟 (“boat”) + phonetic 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ). \ Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *poŋ (“raft; float”) (provisionally reconstructed by STEDT). See 方 (OC *paŋ) for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng • Middle-Chinese : pjangH • Middle-Chinese : pangH two boats connected together • boat (with a deckhouse) 舫 (eum 방 (bang)) Hán-Nôm : phảng 舫
艙 Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːŋ) : semantic 舟 (“boat”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshong cabin (in ships, airplanes, etc.) 艙 • (chang) · 艙 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang, Yale chang) Hán-Nôm : thương • Hán-Nôm : khoang 艙
艮 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 目 (“eye”) + 匕 (“spoon”). \ Alternatively, a ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 目 (“eye”) + 人 (“person”) showing a person looking back (Ji Xusheng, 2004). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kùn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìn • Middle-Chinese : konH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄣˇ one of the Eight Trigrams 八卦, symbolizing mountains. (☶) • a surname ‖ (dialectal) blunt; straightforward • (dialectal) tough, chewy ‖ 艮(うしとら) • (ushitora) northeast ‖ (obsolete) northeast 艮 (eumhun 괘 이름 간 (gwae ireum gan)) ‖ 艮 (eumhun 그칠 간 (geuchil gan)) ‖ 艮 (eumhun 은 은 (eun eun)) ‖ 艮 (eumhun 끌 흔 (kkeul heun)) hanja form of 간 (“one of the Eight Trigrams 八卦”) ‖ hanja form of 간 (“to stop; to cease”) ‖ hanja form of 은 (“silver”) ‖ hanja form of 흔 (“to pull; to draw; to drag”) Hán-Nôm : cấn • Hán-Nôm : cản • Hán-Nôm : ngắn • Hán-Nôm : nhìn • Hán-Nôm : ngấn • Hán-Nôm : ngẩn • Hán-Nôm : ngổn • Hán-Nôm : ngần 艮
艱 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯːn) : semantic 𦰩 + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kian • Middle-Chinese : kean difficult; hard • hardship; suffering • disaster • dangerous • parent's death 艱 • (gan) · 艱 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan, Yale kan) Hán-Nôm : gian 艱
芍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡleːwʔ, *spʰlewɢ, *pl'ewɢ, *bljewɢ, *pleːwɢ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 勺 (OC *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ). ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshia̍h • Middle-Chinese : dzyak • Middle-Chinese : trjak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˋ • Middle-Chinese : hewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˋ • Middle-Chinese : tek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ • Middle-Chinese : tshjak Chinese peony (Paeonia lactiflora) ‖ water chestnut ‖ Alternative form of 菂 (dì, “lotus seed”) ‖ Only used in 芍陂. 芍 • (jak, jeok) · 芍 • (jak, jeok) (hangeul 작, 적, revised jak, jeok, McCune–Reischauer chak, chŏk, Yale cak, cek) Hán-Nôm : thược 芍
芟 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saam¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Middle-Chinese : sraem scythe • to scythe, to cut 芟 • (sam) · 芟 • (sam) (hangeul 삼, revised sam, McCune–Reischauer sam, Yale sam) 芟
芯 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sim • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sim • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³ pith from the common rush (Juncus effusus), used as lamp wick • lamp wick • (in general) core material (of something); centre; wick; pencil lead ‖ Only used in 芯子 (xìnzi, “fuse; tongue of a snake”). ‖ 芯(しん) • (shin) ‖ core, heart • pencil lead • wick 芯 • (sim) · 芯 • (sim) (hangeul 심, revised sim, McCune–Reischauer sim, Yale sim) 芯
芻 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 勹 (“hand”) + 屮 (“grass”), a hand plucking grass. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : co¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshu • Middle-Chinese : tsrhju to cut grass; to mow • hay; fodder • livestock • to raise; to rear 芻 (eum 추 (chu)) Hán-Nôm : so 芻
苒 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liám • Middle-Chinese : nyemX luxuriant growth • passing (of time) • (Xiamen Hokkien) fruit preserve; jam (UK); jelly (US) flourishing • luxuriant 苒 • (yeom) · 苒 • (yeom) (hangeul 염, revised yeom, McCune–Reischauer yŏm, Yale yem) lush • successively • in order Hán-Nôm : nhiễm 苒
苓 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Middle-Chinese : leng Used in 苓耳. • Short for 伏苓 or 茯苓. • Alternative form of 零 (“to fall”) herb, plant • mushroom 苓 • (ryeong>yeong) · 苓 • (ryeong>yeong) (hangeul 령>영, revised ryeong>yeong, McCune–Reischauer ryŏng>yŏng, Yale lyeng>yeng) Hán-Nôm : linh • Hán-Nôm : lành • Hán-Nôm : lềnh 苓
苣 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi⁶ • Middle-Chinese : gjoX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˇ lettuce ‖ Only used in 苣蕒菜／苣荬菜 (qǔmǎicài). ‖ 苣(ちしゃ) or 苣(チシャ) • (chisha) lettuce ‖ Alternative spelling of 萵苣 (“lettuce”) 苣 • (geo) · 苣 • (geo) (hangeul 거, revised geo, McCune–Reischauer kŏ, Yale ke) Hán-Nôm : cự 苣
苧 Simplified from 薴 (寧 → 宁). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 宁 (OC *da, *daʔ). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁵ • Middle-Chinese : drjoX ‖ ramie (Boehmeria nivea) ‖ 苧(お) • (o) ^(←を (wo)?) ‖ 苧(むし) • (mushi) ‖ 苧(からむし) • (karamushi) ‖ 苧(からんし) • (karanshi) ‖ 苧(こるむし) • (korumushi) ‖ 苧(ま) • (ma) ‖ 苧(ちょ) • (cho) ‖ hemp or ramie • thread made from the outer husk of the stems of hemp or ramie • a textile made from this thread ‖ (obsolete) old name for karamushi: the ramie plant, Boehmeria nivea var. nipononivea • short for 帔(むしのたれぎぬ), 枲(むし)の垂(た)れ衣(ぎぬ) (mushi no tareginu), a kind of veil made of ramie and worn from the brim of a hat by women from the Heian period through the Kamakura period ‖ the ramie plant, Boehmeria nivea (syn. Boehmeria nipononivea) • a thread made from the fibers of this plant • a textile made from this thread ‖ (rare, obsolete) the ramie plant • (rare, obsolete) a thread made from the fibers of this plant • (rare, obsolete) a textile made from this thread ‖ (rare, obsolete) the ramie plant • (rare, obsolete) a thread made from the fibers of this plant • (rare, obsolete) a textile made from this thread ‖ the ramie or hemp plant or fiber ‖ the ramie or hemp plant or fiber 苧 • (jeo) · 苧 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce) Hán-Nôm : trữ 苧
茎 ‖ 茎(くき) • (kuki) ‖ 茎(なかご) • (nakago) ‖ stem, stalk ‖ (swords) tang (part of a sword blade) 茎
茗 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *meːŋʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 名 (OC *meŋ). \ A late word; earliest extant attestation is in Shuowen Jiezi. \ Likely from Austroasiatic. Compare Palaungic မျံမ် (miəm), Danau miːn², Lamet mɪːŋ, Mlabri miʌŋ, Mal mhiaŋ, Nyah Kur mìəm, Thai เมี่ยง (mîiang), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩮᩥ᩠᩶ᨿᨦ, Lao ໝ້ຽງ (mīang). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîng • Middle-Chinese : mengX tea buds • late-picked tea • (in general) tea plant • tea (drink) • Alternative form of 酩 (mǐng) • a surname ‖ 茗(めい) • (mei) tea, the tea plant ‖ tea, especially tea picked later in the season 茗 • (myeong) · 茗 • (myeong) (hangeul 명, revised myeong, McCune–Reischauer myŏng, Yale myeng) canonical : 茗: Hán Việt readings: dính • canonical : minh 茗: Nôm readings: dính • canonical : rểnh • canonical : tranh 茗
茱 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djo) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 朱 (OC *tjo). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dzyu Short for 茱萸 (zhūyú). 茱 • (su) · 茱 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu) 茱
茲 Cognate with 載 (OC *ʔslɯːʔ, “year”), 再 (OC *ʔsɯːs, “twice”), 薦 (OC *ʔseːns, “repeatedly”), 洊 (OC *zlɯːns, “again; repeatedly”), 荐 (OC *zlɯːns, “repeatedly”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Middle-Chinese : tsi ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dzi (literary) this • (literary) year; time • (literary) the present; now • Alternative form of 滋 (zī, “more”) ‖ Only used in 龜茲／龟兹 (Qiūcí). ‖ here ‖ 茲 • (museonghal ja) · 茲 • (museonghal ja) (hangeul 무성할 자) Hán-Nôm : tư 茲
茴 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːl) : semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 回 (OC *ɡuːl). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huê • Middle-Chinese : hwoj Used in 茴香 (huíxiāng). • fennel; aniseed 茴 • (hoe) · 茴 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy) canonical : 茴: Hán Việt readings: hồi 茴: Nôm readings: hồi • canonical : gồi 茴
茹 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nja, *njaʔ, *njas) : semantic 艹 (“grass, plants”) + phonetic 如 (OC *nja, *njas) – plant roots, part of a plant. \ Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic origin; compare Kharia [script needed] (ɲoʔ, “to eat”) and Proto-Vietic *s-nja:ʔ (“to chew, to masticate”) (> Vietnamese nhá). Schuessler (2003) also compares 茹 with Jingpho noʔ¹ 'to eat' and Proto-Mienic *ʔnəkᴰ 'to swallow'. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû • Middle-Chinese : nyo • Middle-Chinese : nyoX • Middle-Chinese : nyoH to eat • (literary) to bear • (literary) to guess • (literary) soft • (literary) corrupted • (literary) vegetables • a surname • (organic chemistry) rubicene to boil • to seethe 茹 • (yeo) · 茹 • (yeo) (hangeul 여, revised yeo, McCune–Reischauer yŏ, Yale ye) canonical : 茹: Hán Việt readings: như • canonical : nhự 茹: Nôm readings: nhà • canonical : nhờ • canonical : nhựa • canonical : nhừa • canonical : nhu Nôm form of nhà (“home”). 茹
荀 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn • Middle-Chinese : swin a surname • (historical) name of an ancient state in China • (obsolete) name of a plant 荀 • (sun) · 荀 • (sun) (hangeul 순, revised sun, McCune–Reischauer sun, Yale swun) Hán-Nôm : tuân 荀
荊 ; "shrub; alternative name of Chu" \ ; "(humble) my wife; poor" Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Middle-Chinese : kjaeng chaste tree (Vitex); redbud (Cercis) • (historical) rod for flogging made of chaste tree twigs • (literary, humble) my wife • Short for 荊州／荆州 (Jīngzhōu, “Jingzhou”). • Short for 荊山／荆山 (Jīng Shān, “Mount Jing”). • Alternative name for 楚 (chǔ, “the state of Chu in ancient China”). • a surname ‖ 荊(いばら) or 荊(イバラ) • (ibara) thorn • brier • whip ‖ Alternative spelling of 茨 荊 • (hyeong) · 荊 • (hyeong) (hangeul 형, revised hyeong, McCune–Reischauer hyŏng, Yale hyeng) thorns • brambles • my wife • cane Hán-Nôm : kinh 荊
荏 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯmʔ) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 任 (OC *njɯm, *njɯms). \ ; “a kind of big bean” \ ; “soft; weak” \ : Possibly related to 飪 (OC *njɯmʔ, “cooked”), 腍 (OC *njɯmʔ, “cooked; delicious”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lám • Middle-Chinese : nyimX perilla (Perilla frutescens) • a kind of big bean; big • soft; weak; yielding • (Singapore Hokkien) weak; feeble; frail 荏 • (im) · 荏 • (im) (hangeul 임, revised im, McCune–Reischauer im, Yale im) Hán-Nôm : nhẫm 荏
荸 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pu̍t Only used in 荸薺／荸荠 (bíqi, “Chinese water chestnut”). Hán-Nôm : bột • Hán-Nôm : mụt • Hán-Nôm : bụt 荸
荻 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dek Amur silvergrass (Miscanthus sacchariflorus) • a surname ‖ 荻(おぎ) or 荻(オギ) • (ogi) ^(←をぎ (wogi)?) Amur silver-grass (Miscanthus sacchariflorus) • reed, cane ‖ Amur silver-grass (Miscanthus sacchariflorus) 荻 (eum 적 (jeok)) Hán-Nôm : địch 荻
荼 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 余 (OC *la) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 余 (OC *la) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 余 (OC *la) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Middle-Chinese : drae • Middle-Chinese : du • Middle-Chinese : zyae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu¹ a type of bitter vegetable, possibly sow thistle or other plants of Asteraceae • (figurative) pain; suffering • spikes of cogon (or other grasses) with long whitish hair • pappus • white ‖ a surname ‖ Only used in 神荼 (Shēnshū). Ixeridium dentatum • kanji used to transliterate Buddhist terms borrowed from Sanskrit Hán-Nôm : đồ • Hán-Nôm : dưa • Hán-Nôm : giưa 荼
莎 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *soːl) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 沙 (OC *sraːl, *sraːls). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *soːl) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 沙 (OC *sraːl, *sraːls). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *soːl) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 沙 (OC *sraːl, *sraːls). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so¹ • Middle-Chinese : swa ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟ Cyperus rotundus • a kind of tree • to wither • Alternative form of 蓑 ‖ Used in personal names , place names and transcription. ‖ Only used in 捼莎. 莎 • (sa) · 莎 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa) Hán-Nôm : toa • Hán-Nôm : sa 莎
莒 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kí • Middle-Chinese : kjoX taro • (～國) state of Ju during the Zhou dynasty • (～縣) Ju County in Shandong province • a surname 莒 • (geo) · 莒 • (geo) (hangeul 거, revised geo, McCune–Reischauer kŏ, Yale ke) 莒
莓 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : m̂ • Middle-Chinese : mwoj • Middle-Chinese : mwojH • Middle-Chinese : mjuwH moss • berry ‖ 莓(いちご) or 莓(イチゴ) • (ichigo) strawberry ‖ Alternative spelling of 苺 (“strawberry”) 莓 • (mae) · 莓 • (mae) (hangeul 매, revised mae, McCune–Reischauer mae, Yale may) 莓
莖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreːŋ, *qreːŋ) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ). \ Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-kja-ŋ (“foot”) (STEDT), whence Tibetan རྐང་པ (rkang pa, “foot; leg; stem; stalk”). \ 脛 (OC *ɡeːŋs, “lower leg”) is also compared to the above Proto-Sino-Tibetan lemma. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreːŋ, *qreːŋ) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ). \ Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-kja-ŋ (“foot”) (STEDT), whence Tibetan རྐང་པ (rkang pa, “foot; leg; stem; stalk”). \ 脛 (OC *ɡeːŋs, “lower leg”) is also compared to the above Proto-Sino-Tibetan lemma. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwaang² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hîng • Middle-Chinese : heang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Middle-Chinese : 'eang stem; stalk; something like a stalk • ^† tall and straight • ^† pillar • ^† (traditional Chinese medicine) penis • ^† handle • Classifier for strips or stalks of objects. ‖ Only used in 姚莖／姚茎. stem • stalk 莖 • (gyeong) · 莖 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng) Hán-Nôm : hành • Hán-Nôm : kinh 莖
莘 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san¹ • Middle-Chinese : srin ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣ • Middle-Chinese : srin long • numerous • a surname • (～縣) Shen County, a county in Shandong. ‖ a type of marsh plant whose root is used for medicine long • numerous • marsh plant whose root is used for medicine 莘 • (sin) · 莘 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin, Yale sin) long • numerous • a marsh plant whose root is used for medicine 莘
莞 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kŋoːn, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋroːnʔ) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 完 (OC *ɦŋoːn). ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaan¹ • Middle-Chinese : kwan • Middle-Chinese : hwan ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuán ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁵ • Middle-Chinese : hwaenX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁵ a type of long-stem watergrass, possibly the softstem rush (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani) or Shichito matgrass (Cyperus malaccensis) • mat woven using this kind of grass • a surname ‖ Used in 東莞／东莞 (Dōngguǎn, “Dongguan”); also used as its short form. ‖ smiling ‖ Alternative form of 脘 (wǎn, “gastric cavity”) 莞 • (gwan, wan) · 莞 • (gwan, wan) (hangeul 관, 완, revised gwan, wan, McCune–Reischauer kwan, wan, Yale kwan, wan) Hán-Nôm : hoàn 莞
莠 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁵ • Middle-Chinese : yuwX Setaria viridis (green foxtail, green bristlegrass, wild foxtail millet) • (figurative) bad (one) 莠 • (yu) · 莠 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu) 莠
莢 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : keh • Middle-Chinese : kep pods of leguminous plants • (Hokkien) Classifier for pod of legumes. • (Taiwanese Hokkien) Classifier for bananas. pod • hull • husk • shell • case 莢 (eumhun 꼬투리 협 (kkoturi hyeop)) pod (of soybean) • Lespedeza cuneata 莢
菁 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsleŋ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshenn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshinn • Middle-Chinese : tsjeng (literary, obsolete) garlic chive flowers (Allium tuberosum) • (literary, obsolete) flowers • Brassica • Used in 菁菁 (jīngjīng, “luxuriant”). • (Southern Min) betel nut • (Eastern Min) common reed 菁 • (cheong) · 菁 • (cheong) (hangeul 청, revised cheong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏng, Yale cheng) Hán-Nôm : thanh • Hán-Nôm : tinh 菁
菅 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːn) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 官 (OC *koːn) – a type of grass. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuann • Middle-Chinese : kaen ^† a variety of grass • a surname ‖ 菅(すげ) or 菅(スゲ) • (suge) ‖ 菅(すが) • (suga) ‖ 菅(すが) • (Suga) ‖ 菅(かん) • (kan) ^(←くわん (kwan)?) ‖ 菅(かん) • (Kan) ^(←くわん (kwan)?) ‖ a sedge ‖ (rare or in compounds) a sedge ‖ a surname ‖ a variety of grass • Sugawara no Michizane ‖ a surname 菅 • (gwan) · 菅 • (gwan) (hangeul 관, revised gwan, McCune–Reischauer kwan, Yale kwan) Hán-Nôm : gian 菅
菰 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷaː) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 孤 (OC *kʷaː). Cantonese · Jyutping : gu¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Middle-Chinese : ku Manchurian wild rice (Zizania latifolia) 菰 • (go) · 菰 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko) Hán-Nôm : cô 菰
菸 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Middle-Chinese : 'joH • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩ to fade; to wither; to wilt ‖ a kind of smelly grass 菸
菽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljɯwɢ) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 叔 (OC *hljɯwɢ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nuk (“bean, eye”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Proto-Lolo-Burmese *(s-)nok (“bean”) (whence Burmese ပဲနောက် (pai:nauk, “bean”), Lahu nɔ̂ʔ, etc.), Jingpho nòʔ. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : syuwk beans and peas collectively; pulse; legume 菽 • (suk) · 菽 • (suk) (hangeul 숙, revised suk, McCune–Reischauer suk, Yale swuk) beans, peas (literary) 菽
萃 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dzwijH to gather; to collect; to assemble • gathering; group • to stop; to halt • Alternative form of 悴 (cuì) collect • gather • assemble 萃 • (chwe, chwi, chae) · 萃 • (chwe, chwi, chae) (hangeul 췌, 취, 채, revised chwe, chwi, chae, McCune–Reischauer ch'we, ch'wi, ch'ae, Yale chwey, chwi, chay) Hán-Nôm : tụy • Hán-Nôm : tuỵ 萃
萊 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâi • Middle-Chinese : loj • Middle-Chinese : lojH goosefoot • weed (wild grass) • fallow field • (historical) an ancient Dongyi state conquered by Qi goosefoot • overgrown field 萊 (eumhun 명아주 래 (myeong'aju rae), word-initial (South Korea) 명아주 내 (myeong'aju nae)) Hán-Nôm : lai • Hán-Nôm : lài 萊
萋 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cai¹ • Middle-Chinese : tshej (of vegetation) luxuriant; lush; abundant • Used in 萋斐. 萋 • (cheo) · 萋 • (cheo) (hangeul 처, revised cheo, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏ, Yale che) 萋
萱 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷan) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 宣 (OC *sqʰon). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hyun¹ • Middle-Chinese : xjwon ^† daylily (Hemerocallis flava) • ^† mother 萱 (eum 훤 (hwon)) Hán-Nôm : hiên • Hán-Nôm : huyên 萱
萵 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qloːl) : semantic 艹 (“herbage”) + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : meh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o lettuce 萵 • (wa) · 萵 • (wa) (hangeul 와, revised wa, McCune–Reischauer wa, Yale wa) Hán-Nôm : oa 萵
萸 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : yu Only used in 茱萸 (zhūyú). 萸 • (yu) · 萸 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu) 萸
萼 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : go̍k • Middle-Chinese : ngak calyx ‖ 萼(がく) • (gaku) ‖ 萼(うてな) • (utena) calyx • cup ‖ (botany) a calyx (collective term for sepals) ‖ (botany) a calyx (collective term for sepals) 萼 • (ak) · 萼 • (ak) (hangeul 악, revised ak, McCune–Reischauer ak, Yale ak) 萼
葦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷɯlʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 韋 (OC *ɢʷɯl) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷɯlʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 韋 (OC *ɢʷɯl) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁵ • Middle-Chinese : hjw+jX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˇ ^⁜ reed; rush ‖ Alternative form of 緯／纬 (wěi, “to weave”) 葦 • (wi) · 葦 • (wi) (hangeul 위, revised wi, McCune–Reischauer wi, Yale wi) reed canonical : 葦: Hán Việt readings: vy • canonical : vĩ 葦: Nôm readings: vi chữ Hán form of vy (“reed”). 葦
葩 Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *baːr (“bloom, flower”); compare Burmese ပန်း (pan:) or Zaiwa pan²¹. Probably the same etymon as 瓣 (OC *breːns, “petal”) (Schusessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pha • Middle-Chinese : phae ^† flower • ^† beautiful • (Southern Min) Classifier for lamps. • (Southern Min) Classifier for things that are strung together. 葩 (eum 파 (pa)) Hán-Nôm : ba 葩
葱 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰloːŋ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 怱 (OC *sʰloːŋ). ‖ 葱(ねぎ) or 葱(ネギ) • (negi) (counter 本) leek • scallion, green onion ‖ scallion, leek 葱 • (chong) · 葱 • (chong) (hangeul 총, revised chong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong, Yale chong) 葱
葷 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hun • Middle-Chinese : xjun ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣ (Buddhism) strong-smelling vegetables, such as spring onion, garlic and garlic chives • meat or fish dishes (as opposed to vegetarian dishes) • (figurative) low-class; obscene; vulgar; dirty ‖ Only used in 葷粥／荤粥 and 葷鬻／荤鬻. strong smelling • strong smelling vegetable, esp. garlic, onion, Chinese chives (Allium tuberosum), Chinese scallion (Allium chinense), Allium macrostemon (Japanese garlic) • meat diet 葷 • (hun) · 葷 • (hun) (hangeul 훈, McCune–Reischauer hun, Yale hwun) meat diet • strong smelling Hán-Nôm : huân • Hán-Nôm : hôi 葷
蒐 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau² • Middle-Chinese : srjuw (literary) madder (Rubia cordifolia) • (literary) to hunt in spring (or autumn) • (archaic) to review troops • (archaic) to conceal; to hide • (alt. form 搜) to gather; to collect; to assemble • (alt. form 搜) to seek; to look for; to search for to collect, to gather • collection 蒐 • (su) · 蒐 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu) Hán-Nôm : sưu • Hán-Nôm : cói 蒐
蒞 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁶ to attend; to arrive (in an official function or ceremony) • to manage 蒞 • (ri>i) · 蒞 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i) 蒞
蒿 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e • Hokkien · Tai-lo : er • Middle-Chinese : xaw Artemisia (mugwort; wormwood; sagebrush) • (in compounds) an Artemisia-like plant • evaporating; emitting (scents) • Alternative form of 耗 (“to consume; to use up”) • Used in 蒿目. • a surname: Hao wormwood 蒿 (eumhun 쑥 호 (ssuk ho)) mugwort canonical : 蒿: Hán Việt readings: hao 蒿: Nôm readings: khao chữ Hán form of hao (“artemisia”). • Nôm form of khao (“garland chrysanthemum”). 蒿
蓀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *suːn) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 孫 (OC *suːn). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun¹ • Middle-Chinese : swon (literary) sweet flag (Acorus) • Used in 溪蓀／溪荪. 蓀 • (so) · 蓀 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so) 蓀
蓆 See 席 (OC *ljaːɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zek⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshio̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍k • Middle-Chinese : zjek woven mat made of bamboo strips or grass 蓆 • (seok) · 蓆 • (seok) (hangeul 석, revised seok, McCune–Reischauer sŏk, Yale sek) 蓆
蓓 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pui⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puē • Middle-Chinese : bojX Only used in 蓓蕾 (bèilěi, “flower bud”). 蓓 • (bae) · 蓓 • (bae) (hangeul 배, revised bae, McCune–Reischauer pae, Yale pay) 蓓
蔔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːɡ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 匐 (OC *bɯːɡ, *bɯɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄅㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ta̍k • Middle-Chinese : bok carrot daikon 蔔 • (bok) · 蔔 • (bok) (hangeul 복, revised bok, McCune–Reischauer pok, Yale pok) Hán-Nôm : bặc • Hán-Nôm : bốc 蔔
蔣 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 將 (OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 將 (OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiúnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiáng • Middle-Chinese : tsjangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsjang A Warring States-era state in modern-day Henan, China • a surname • Alternative form of 獎／奖 (jiǎng) ‖ Manchurian wild rice (Zizania latifolia) Manchurian wild rice (Zizania latifolia, or Hydropyrum latifolium) 蔣 • (jang) · 蔣 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang) Manchurian wild rice (Zizania latifolia, or Hydropyrum latifolium) Hán-Nôm : tưởng 蔣
蔭 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrɯms) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 陰 (OC *qrɯm). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrɯms) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 陰 (OC *qrɯm). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'imH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ìm • Middle-Chinese : 'imH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ńg shade of a tree; shadow • a surname ‖ without sunlight, cool and wet • to hide from view; to conceal; to cover • to protect; to shelter • favor from one's ancestors • (obsolete) cellar, darkroom ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 影 ‖ 蔭(いん) • (in) ‖ 蔭(おん) • (on) ‖ 蔭(おん) • (on) ‖ shade of the tree; shadow of the sun • backing; assistance; shelter • (historical) benefit (such as position, rank) from one's ancestor ‖ (historical) benefit (such as position, rank) from one's ancestor ‖ (historical) under the Ritsuryō system, 蔭 • (eum) · 蔭 • (eum) (hangeul 음, revised eum, McCune–Reischauer ŭm, Yale um) 蔭
蕃 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pan, *ban) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 番 (OC *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban). \ The same word as 繁 (OC *ban). Cognate with Tibetan དཔལ (dpal, “glory; splendor; abundance; magnificence”) (Unger, 1986). ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huân • Middle-Chinese : bjon ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huan • Middle-Chinese : pjon ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bo³ (literary) luxuriant; lush • (literary) abundant; numerous • (literary) to breed; to multiply; to proliferate ‖ Alternative form of 藩 (“to shield; to protect”) ‖ Alternative form of 番 (“foreign”) ‖ Only used in 吐蕃 (Tǔbō, “(historical) Tibet”) and 土蕃 (“(historical) Tibet”). ‖ 蕃(ばん) • (ban) ^(←ばん (ban)?) grow thick and full (of plant growth) • multiply, increase ‖ barbarian • (historical, Taiwan under Japanese rule, specifically) aboriginal 蕃 • (beon) · 蕃 • (beon) (hangeul 번, revised beon, McCune–Reischauer pŏn, Yale pen) Hán-Nôm : phen • Hán-Nôm : phên • Hán-Nôm : phiên 蕃
蕙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷiːds) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 惠 (OC *ɢʷiːds). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : hwejH orchid 蕙 • (hye) · 蕙 • (hye) (hangeul 혜, revised hye, McCune–Reischauer hye, Yale hyey) canonical : 蕙: Hán Việt readings: huệ 蕙: Nôm readings: huệ chữ Hán form of huệ (“tuberose, a species of fragrant white flower”). 蕙
蕨 Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan སྐྱས་མ (skyas ma) ~ སྐྱེས་མ (skyes ma, “fern”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Middle-Chinese : kjwot bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) ‖ 蕨(わらび) or 蕨(ワラビ) • (warabi) ‖ 蕨(わらび) • (Warabi) ‖ bracken (any of several coarse ferns) ‖ Warabi (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan) 蕨 • (gwol) · 蕨 • (gwol) (hangeul 궐, revised gwol, McCune–Reischauer kwŏl, Yale kwel) 蕨
蕩 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰaːŋs, *l'aːŋʔ) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 湯 (OC *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *hljaŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǒng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tňg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̄g • Middle-Chinese : dangX • Middle-Chinese : thangH to sway; to swing • (literary, or in compounds) to wash away; to cleanse • (literary, or in compounds) to clear away; to eliminate • to wander; to roam • (literary, or in compounds) vast and wide; broad and expansive • (literary, or in compounds) flat; level; smooth • (literary, or in compounds) unconstrained and doing whatever one wants 蕩 (eumhun 방탕할 탕 (bangtanghal tang)) hanja form of 탕 (“wander”) Hán-Nôm : đãng • Hán-Nôm : đảng • Hán-Nôm : đẵng • Hán-Nôm : thững • Hán-Nôm : dãng • Hán-Nôm : vảng 蕩
蕪 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bû • Middle-Chinese : mju full of weed; overgrown with weed [from Old Chinese] • disused cropland; thickly-grown grassland; weed-choked land [from Old Chinese] • (figurative) of a turgid literary style [from Middle Chinese] ‖ 蕪(かぶ) • (kabu) ‖ 蕪(かぶら) • (kabura) turnip ‖ turnip ‖ turnip 蕪 • (mu) · 蕪 • (mu) (hangeul 무, revised mu, McCune–Reischauer mu, Yale mu) Hán-Nôm : vu 蕪
蕭 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siau • Middle-Chinese : sew (obsolete) Chinese mugwort (Artemisia argyi) • desolate; bleak • (obsolete) Alternative form of 肅／肃 (“respectful”) • (～國) (historical) Xiao (an ancient state during the Spring and Autumn period, located in modern-day Xiao County, Anhui) • (～縣) Xiao County (a county of Anhui, China) • a surname 蕭 • (so) · 蕭 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so) Hán-Nôm : tiêu 蕭
薑 Originally 䕬, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaŋ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 彊 (OC *kaŋs, *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ). \ Note that the simplified form 姜 (OC *klaŋ) is also a traditional character on its own. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kjaŋ (“ginger”). Compare Burmese ချင်း (hkyang:). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiaunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiang • Middle-Chinese : kjang ginger ginger 薑 • (gang) · 薑 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang) Hán-Nôm : gừng • Hán-Nôm : khương • Hán-Nôm : cưng ‖ ‖ Nôm form of gừng (“ginger”). 薑
薔 ;Etymology 1 \ ;Etymology 2 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dzjang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Middle-Chinese : srik Only used in 薔薇／蔷薇 (qiángwēi). ‖ (obsolete) hydropiper (Persicaria hydropiper) • a surname 薔 (eumhun 장미 장 (jangmi jang)) ‖ 薔 (eumhun 물여뀌 색 (muryeokkwi saek)) hanja form of 장 (“rose”) ‖ hanja form of 색 (“hydropiper”) Hán-Nôm : tường • Hán-Nôm : sắc 薔
薛 Cantonese · Jyutping : sit³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄝ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siat • Middle-Chinese : sjet kind of marsh grass • name of a feudal state • a surname 薛 • (seol) · 薛 • (seol) (hangeul 설, revised seol, McCune–Reischauer sŏl, Yale sel) canonical : 薛: Hán Việt readings: tiết • canonical : tuyết 薛: Nôm readings: tiết 薛
薜 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beːɡs, *preːɡ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beːɡs, *preːɡ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beːɡs, *preːɡ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beːɡs, *preːɡ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beːɡs, *preːɡ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē • Middle-Chinese : bejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baak³ • Middle-Chinese : peak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄞˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ Used in 薜荔 (bìlì) and 薜羅／薜罗. • ^‡ type of grass • a surname. ‖ Angelica sinensis (type of medicinal herb) • mountain hemp (Ribes manshuricum) ‖ Alternative form of 劈 (“to rupture”) ‖ ^‡ type of aquatic plant ‖ Alternative form of 僻 (“remote; secluded”) 薜 • (byeok, pye) · 薜 • (byeok, pye) (hangeul 벽, 폐, revised byeok, pye, McCune–Reischauer pyŏk, p'ye, Yale pyek, phyey) Hán-Nôm : bệ 薜
薦 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and jiajie (假借) : 艸 (“grass”) + 廌 (“wild beast”) - "pasture". Later borrowed for sound to mean "recommend". Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiān • Middle-Chinese : tsenH to offer; to present • to recommend; to suggest; to endorse • (literary) to sacrifice • (literary) sacrifice; offering • (alt. form 荐) fodder grass • (alt. form 荐) straw mat • (alt. form 荐) repeatedly • (anatomy) Alternative name for 骶 (dǐ, “sacrum”). recommend, advise • mat 薦 • (cheon) · 薦 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen) Hán-Nôm : tiến 薦
薩 Evolved from some variant of 薛. \ The surname originated from the Hui artist 薩都剌 (Sadula) in Yuan dynasty and was clipping of his original name. Cantonese · Jyutping : saat³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat • Middle-Chinese : sat Short for 菩薩／菩萨 (púsà). • a surname ‖ 薩(さつ) • (satsu) ^(←さつ (satu)?) ‖ Short for 薩摩 (Satsuma, “Satsuma (a former domain in Japan)”). 薩 • (sal) · 薩 • (sal) (hangeul 살, revised sal, McCune–Reischauer sal, Yale sal) Hán-Nôm : tát 薩
薰 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰun, *qʰuns) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 熏 (OC *qʰun). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hun • Middle-Chinese : xjun • Middle-Chinese : xjunH fragrance of flowers • coumarou, tonka bean • (Min) cigarette; smoke (Classifier: 支 mn) • to smoke • to cauterize smoke • scent • parfume • smolder 薰 • (hun) · 薰 • (hun) (hangeul 훈, revised hun, McCune–Reischauer hun, Yale hwun) Hán-Nôm : huân 薰
藐 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mawʔ, *mraːwɢ) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 貌 (OC *mreːwɢs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : miu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biáu • Middle-Chinese : mjiewX • Middle-Chinese : maewk ^† small; young • ^† to look down on; to think little of • ^† Alternative form of 邈 (miǎo, “faraway; distant”) 藐 • (myo) · 藐 • (myo) (hangeul 묘, revised myo, McCune–Reischauer myo, Yale myo) Hán-Nôm : miểu • Hán-Nôm : diểu 藐
藪 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sóo • Middle-Chinese : suwX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau³ shallow lake overgrown with wild plants • gathering place ‖ (Cantonese, Hakka) Alternative form of 竇／窦 (dòu, “nest; den; home”) (chiefly used in place names.) ‖ 藪(やぶ) • (yabu) ‖ 藪(やぶ) • (Yabu) thicket, grove, copse • collection ‖ a thicket, grove, copse (as of trees, shrubs, or bamboo) • Short for 藪医者 (yabu isha): a poor doctor • Short for 藪入り (yabuiri): a holiday granted to servants on the 16th day of the first and seventh months • Short for 藪睨み (yabunirami): a squint; a misguided thinking or view • Short for 藪蕎麦 (yabusoba): a type of soba made from green buckwheat without the endocarp removed; a shop selling soba in this method ‖ a surname 藪 • (su) · 藪 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu) 藪
藹 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ài • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ái • Middle-Chinese : 'ajH amiable; nice; kind • (literary) lush; exuberant • a surname 藹 • (ae) · 藹 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ay) 藹
藺 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līn • Middle-Chinese : linH (obsolete) common rush; soft rush • a surname ‖ 藺(い) • (i) ^(←ゐ (wi)?) rush, used for tatami covers ‖ a bulrush, a rush 藺 • (rin>in) · 藺 • (rin>in) (hangeul 린>인, revised rin>in, McCune–Reischauer rin>in, Yale lin>in) Hán-Nôm : lận 藺
蘆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raː, *ra) : semantic 艹 (“plant”) + phonetic 盧 (OC *b·raː). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raː, *ra) : semantic 艹 (“plant”) + phonetic 盧 (OC *b·raː). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raː, *ra) : semantic 艹 (“plant”) + phonetic 盧 (OC *b·raː). Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : lu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Middle-Chinese : ljo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˇ reed • root of shepherd's purse • Used in 蘆菔／芦菔 (lúfú). • Used in 葫蘆／葫芦 (húlu). • a surname ‖ Only used in 漏蘆／漏芦 (lòulú). ‖ Only used in 油葫蘆／油葫芦 (yóuhúlú). reed, rush (plant) 蘆 • (ro, no, yeo) · 蘆 • (ro, no, yeo) (hangeul 로, 노, 여, revised ro, no, yeo, McCune–Reischauer ro, no, yŏ, Yale lo, no, ye) Hán-Nôm : lô • Hán-Nôm : lư • Hán-Nôm : lựa • Hán-Nôm : tuấn 蘆
蘊 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quns) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 縕. \ Compare 韞／韫 (yùn). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ùn • Middle-Chinese : 'jun ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan¹ (literary) to accumulate; to hold in store; to contain • (literary) profoundness; profundity • (Buddhism) skandha ‖ mare's tail, water plants of the genus Hippuris ‖ 蘊(うん) • (un) ‖ 蘊(うん) • (un) ‖ 蘊(おさむ) • (Osamu) ^(←をさむ (wosamu)?) pile up • deep inside • aggregate ‖ pile up; gather; accumulate • depths; bottom; interior • (Buddhism) skandha (aggregate) ‖ abundance, plentifulness • (Buddhism) a skandha (aggregate) ‖ a male given name 蘊 • (on) · 蘊 • (on) (hangeul 온, revised on, McCune–Reischauer on, Yale on) Hán-Nôm : uẩn • Hán-Nôm : uẫn 蘊
蘋 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pông ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bjin Used in 蘋果／苹果 (píngguǒ, “apple”). • Used in 蘋婆／苹婆 (píngpó, “Chinese chestnut”). ‖ water clover, clover fern (family Marsileaceae) 蘋 • (bin) · 蘋 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin) Hán-Nôm : tần • Hán-Nôm : tằn • Hán-Nôm : thài 蘋
蘚 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin² • Middle-Chinese : sjenX lichen, moss 蘚 • (seon) · 蘚 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen) Hán-Nôm : tiển 蘚
蘸 Unknown. ‖ Vernacular reading of 染 (MC nyemX, “to dye; to be stained with”) (Bai, 2003). ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaam³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàm • Middle-Chinese : tsreamH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : jaam⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jaam² ‖ to dip in; to submerge in (sauce, ink, etc.) ‖ (Cantonese) to dip in (sauce, ink, etc.) ‖ (Taishanese) to dip in (sauce, ink, etc.) 蘸
蘿 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːl) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 羅 (OC *raːl). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâ • Middle-Chinese : la (botany) creeping or trailing plants ‖ 蘿(かげ) • (kage) creeper ‖ wolf's-foot clubmoss (Lycopodium clavatum) 蘿 • (ra>na) · 蘿 • (ra>na) (hangeul 라>나, revised ra>na, McCune–Reischauer ra>na, Yale la>na) Hán-Nôm : la • Hán-Nôm : lá leaf 蘿
虔 According to the Shuowen Jiezi, Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡren) : phonetic 文 (OC *mɯn) + semantic 虍. \ According to Li Xueqin (2012), the phonetic component is instead 虍 (OC *qʰaː). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiân • Middle-Chinese : gjen ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kian reverent; devout; pious; respectful; sincere • (obsolete) looking like a tiger walking; strong; powerful • ^† to kill; to slaughter; to murder • ^† to plunder; to loot; to seize • a surname ‖ (chiefly Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) Alternative form of 堅／坚 (“to congeal; to encrust”) respect 虔 (eumhun 공경할 건 (gonggyeonghal geon)) Hán-Nôm : kiền 虔
虚 emptiness, void • falsehood, lie 虚
虧 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷral) : phonetic 雐 (OC *qʰʷlaː) + semantic 亏 (“exhale”). \ ; “quecto-” Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khui • Middle-Chinese : khjwe to lose; to suffer losses • to be lacking; to be deficient • to treat unfairly • luckily; it is fortunate that; thanks to • used to show irony with a note of reproach • (Cantonese) weak; unhealthy • (Cantonese) not very functional; easy to break • (Mainland China) quecto- (SI unit prefix) wane (moon) 虧 • (hyu) · 虧 • (hyu) (hangeul 휴, revised hyu, McCune–Reischauer hyu, Yale hyu) lose, fail • damage • deficient Hán-Nôm : khuy • Hán-Nôm : khuya • Hán-Nôm : khuây 虧
虱 ‖ 虱(しらみ) or 虱(シラミ) • (shirami) louse ‖ a sucking louse, especially the head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) 虱 • (seul) · 虱 • (seul) (hangeul 슬, revised seul, McCune–Reischauer sŭl, Yale sul) 虱
蚕 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˇ • Middle-Chinese : thenX Only used in 蜸蚕 (qiǎntiǎn, “earthworm”). ‖ 蚕(かいこ) or 蚕(カイコ) • (kaiko) ^(←かひこ (kafiko)?) ‖ 蚕(こ) • (ko) silkworm ‖ the silkworm (Bombyx mori) • the larva of a silkworm • sericulture • (slang, used by criminals) silk (of clothing) ‖ (obsolete) silkworm 蚕 • (cheon, jam) · 蚕 • (cheon, jam) (hangeul 천, 잠, revised cheon, jam, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, cham, Yale chen, cam) 蚕
蚩 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Middle-Chinese : tsyhi (literary) ignorant; stupid; rude; rustic • (literary) Alternative form of 媸 (chī, “ugly”) • (literary) Alternative form of 嗤 (chī, “to jeer at; to sneer”) • ^‡ a kind of worm (Shuowen) • a surname 蚩 • (chi) · 蚩 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi) Hán-Nôm : si • Hán-Nôm : xi 蚩
蚱 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsà • Middle-Chinese : tsraek Only used in 蚱蜢 (zhàměng), etc. 蚱 (eum 책 (chaek)) 蚱
蚶 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢaːm, *ɢaːm) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ham • Middle-Chinese : xam ark clam ark shell 蚶
蛆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsa, *sʰa) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Middle-Chinese : tshjo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsjo maggot • (figurative, derogatory) despicable person • (Southern Min, Puxian Min) wriggler; wiggler; mosquito larva • (Taiwan, neologism, slang, derogatory) supporters of Kuomintang (KMT) ‖ Only used in 蝍蛆 (jíjū). 蛆 (eum 저 (jeo)) 蛆
蛔 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huê Used in 蛔蟲／蛔虫 (huíchóng). • tapeworm • (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, derogatory) Muslim intestinal worms 蛔 • (hoe) · 蛔 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy) Hán-Nôm : hồi 蛔
蛟 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːw) : semantic 虫 (“creature”) + phonetic 交 (OC *kreːw). \ Possibly connected with Burmese ခြူး (hkru:, “a type of beast”) and Tibetan ཀླུ (klu, “serpent, naga”) (Schuessler, 2007). However, Schuessler (2007) notices phonological differences between Old Chinese and Written Tibetan. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kau • Middle-Chinese : kaew (～龍) (Chinese mythology) mythical flood dragon • aquatic reptile, including the soft-shelled turtle and the alligator • Alternative form of 鮫／鲛 (jiāo, “shark”) A Water Spirit, generally portrayed as a dragon. 蛟 • (gyo) · 蛟 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo) Hán-Nôm : giao 蛟
蛭 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːɡ, *tiɡ, *tjiɡ) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 至 (OC *tjiɡs) \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-liːt (“leech (water-, horse-)”) (STEDT). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zat⁶ • Middle-Chinese : tsyit • Middle-Chinese : trit • Middle-Chinese : tet leech ‖ 蛭(ひる) or 蛭(ヒル) • (hiru) ‖ a leech 蛭 • (jil) · 蛭 • (jil) (hangeul 질, revised jil, McCune–Reischauer chil, Yale cil) (거머리) leech Hán-Nôm : điệt 蛭
蛮 Simplified from 蠻 (龻 → 𰁜) barbarian 蛮 • (man) · 蛮 • (man) (hangeul 만, McCune–Reischauer man, Yale man) 蛮
蛹 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng • Middle-Chinese : yowngX (biology) pupa, chrysalis chrysalis, pupa 蛹 • (yong) · 蛹 • (yong) (hangeul 용) (번데기): pupa, chrysalis Hán-Nôm : dũng • Hán-Nôm : nhộng • Hán-Nôm : dõng • Hán-Nôm : thuồng 蛹
蜃 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djɯns, *djɯnʔ, *djins) : phonetic 辰 (OC *djɯn) + semantic 虫 (“insect”). \ May also be an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) , with 辰 possibly being an agricultural tool made from clam, see there for more. \ Possibly related to 辰 (OC *djɯn, “5th earthly branch; dragon”) (Schuessler, 2007); see there for more. \ Carr (1990) organizes characters in the 辰 phonetic series into two groups, one of which is "dragon", which includes 蜃 as well as 晨 (OC *djɯn, “dragon star”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǐn • Middle-Chinese : dzyinX • Middle-Chinese : dzyinH a type of large shellfish; a type of large bivalve; clam • (mythology) the shen, a shapeshifting aquatic monster originally imagined as a clam and later as a type of dragon • (historical) ritual vessel painted with images of clam • (historical) Short for 蜃炭. 蜃 • (sin) · 蜃 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin, Yale sin) Hán-Nôm : thận • Hán-Nôm : thẩn • Hán-Nôm : thằn 蜃
蜇 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔl'ed) : phonetic 折 (OC *l'eːl, *ʔljed, *ɦljed) + semantic 虫 (“insect; creature”). \ Possibly related to 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds, “scorpion”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiat • Middle-Chinese : trjet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiat (of bees, scorpions, etc.) to sting; to bite • to sting; to smart ‖ jellyfish 蜇
蜕 蜕 • (se) · 蜕 • (se) (hangeul 세, revised se, McCune–Reischauer se, Yale sey) 蜕
蜢 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maang⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bíng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mé • Middle-Chinese : maengX Only used in 蚱蜢 (zhàměng), 草蜢 (cǎoměng) etc. 蜢
蜥 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Middle-Chinese : sek Only used in 蜥蜴 (xīyì); also used as its short form. 蜥 • (seok) · 蜥 • (seok) (hangeul 석, revised seok, McCune–Reischauer sŏk, Yale sek) Hán-Nôm : tích 蜥
蜴 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jik⁶ • Middle-Chinese : yek Used in compounds. 蜴 • (cheok) · 蜴 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek) Hán-Nôm : dịch 蜴
蜿 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Middle-Chinese : 'jwon • Middle-Chinese : 'wan • Middle-Chinese : 'jwonX meandering 蜿 • (won) · 蜿 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen) 蜿
蝕 Same word as 食 (OC *lɯɡs, *ɦljɯɡ, “to eat”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ From 折. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sit • Middle-Chinese : zyik ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : sit⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍h to corrode; to erode • (astronomy) to eclipse • (Hokkien) to wane; to fade away; to regress; to dissipate ‖ (Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min, Wu) to lose money • (Cantonese) to have struck a bad bargain; to be at a disadvantage; to lose out • (Cantonese) to wear due to constant friction ‖ 蝕(しょく) • (shoku) ‖ eclipse; erosion, corrosion 蝕 • (sik) · 蝕 • (sik) (hangeul 식, revised sik, McCune–Reischauer sik, Yale sik) Hán-Nôm : thực 蝕
蝦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰraː, *ɡraː) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 叚 (OC *kraːʔ). \ Related to 赮 (OC *ɡraː, “red”), 霞 (OC *ɡraː, “rosy clouds”), 瑕 (OC *ɡraː, “jade with some red”) (Wang, 1982). \ ;“fan of Xiao Zhan” ‖ ‖ Compare Zhuang ha (“to intimidate; to bully”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hêe ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hae ‖ shrimp; prawn; lobster (Classifier: 隻／只 m c mn; 尾 m mn) • to bend; to curve; to flex • (slang) fan of Xiao Zhan ‖ Only used in 蝦蟆／虾蟆. ‖ (Cantonese, Hakka, Southwestern Mandarin, Zhongshan Min) to bully; to pick on shrimp, prawn, lobster 蝦 • (ha) · 蝦 • (ha) (hangeul 하, McCune–Reischauer ha, Yale ha) Hán-Nôm : hà 蝦
蝨 Characters in the same phonetic series (卂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sriɡ) : phonetic 卂 (OC *sins, *tods) + semantic 䖵. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-r(j)ik (“louse”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siat • Middle-Chinese : srit louse • (literary, figurative) parasite ‖ 蝨(しらみ) or 蝨(シラミ) • (shirami) sucking louse ‖ Alternative spelling of 虱 (“sucking louse”) 蝨 • (seul) · 蝨 • (seul) (hangeul 슬, revised seul, McCune–Reischauer sŭl, Yale sul) canonical : 蝨: Hán Việt readings: sắt 蝨
蝸 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːl, *kʷroːl) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kroj (“shellfish, shell”). From the same root derives 螺 (OC *roːl, “aquatic snail”). \ Perhaps related to Proto-Mon-Khmer *kloʔ (“snail, shellfish”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wo¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Middle-Chinese : kwea • Middle-Chinese : kwae terrestrial snail snail 蝸 • (wa) · 蝸 • (wa) (hangeul 와, revised wa, McCune–Reischauer wa, Yale wa) Hán-Nôm : oa 蝸
螂 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : long⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bông • Middle-Chinese : ljang • Middle-Chinese : lang Used in compounds. mantis 螂 • (rang>nang) · 螂 • (rang>nang) (hangeul 랑>낭, revised rang>nang, McCune–Reischauer rang>nang, Yale lang>nang) Hán-Nôm : lang 螂
螞 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ). \ Traditionally thought to be the same word as 馬 (OC *mraːʔ, “horse > big”). \ Mei (1985) proposes that it is derived from 蝱 (OC *mraːŋ, “horsefly”), which he relates to Proto-Tai *m.leːŋᴬ (“insect”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ). \ Traditionally thought to be the same word as 馬 (OC *mraːʔ, “horse > big”). \ Mei (1985) proposes that it is derived from 蝱 (OC *mraːŋ, “horsefly”), which he relates to Proto-Tai *m.leːŋᴬ (“insect”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ). \ Traditionally thought to be the same word as 馬 (OC *mraːʔ, “horse > big”). \ Mei (1985) proposes that it is derived from 蝱 (OC *mraːŋ, “horsefly”), which he relates to Proto-Tai *m.leːŋᴬ (“insect”). Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : má • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bée ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa¹ A prefix used in insect names. ‖ Only used in 螞蚱／蚂蚱 (màzha). ‖ Only used in 螞螂／蚂螂 (mālang). 螞 • (ma) · 螞 • (ma) (hangeul 마, revised ma, McCune–Reischauer ma, Yale ma) (말거머리) horse-leech (Haemopis sanguisuga) 螞
螟 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîng • Middle-Chinese : meng 螟 • (myeong) · 螟 • (myeong) (hangeul 명, revised myeong, McCune–Reischauer myŏng, Yale myeng) 螟 (minh) 螟
螫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰjaːɡ) : phonetic 赦 (OC *hljaɡs) + semantic 虫 (“bug”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshioh • Middle-Chinese : syek (literary or Hokkien) to sting; to bite (of venomous insects such as spiders, bees, etc.) • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to use one's beak to bite or tug (of ducks, geese, etc.) 螫
螳 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Middle-Chinese : dang praying mantis 螳 • (dang) · 螳 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang) 螳
螻 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : luw mole cricket 螻 • (ru>nu) · 螻 • (ru>nu) (hangeul 루>누, revised ru>nu, McCune–Reischauer ru>nu, Yale lwu>nwu) 螻
蟈 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwok³ • Middle-Chinese : kweak Alternative form of 蜮 (yù, “legendary creature that has three legs and harms humans”) ‖ frog or toad small green frog • cicada 蟈
蟑 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹ Only used in 蟑螂 (zhāngláng). canonical : 蟑: Hán Việt readings: chương 蟑: Nôm readings: chương chữ Hán form of chương (“cockroach (chương lang/蟑螂)”). 蟑
蟒 Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-lja(ŋ/k) (“python”), whence Proto-Loloish *laŋ¹ (“snake”), Proto-Karen *g-laŋ (“python”) (Handel, 1997; STEDT). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mong⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : báng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˇ python ‖ 蟒 • (mang) · 蟒 • (mang) (hangeul 망, revised mang, McCune–Reischauer mang, Yale mang) 蟒
蟬 Characters in the same phonetic series (單) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djan) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans). Cantonese · Jyutping : sim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siâm • Middle-Chinese : dzyen cicada (Classifier: 隻／只 m c) • (literary) a type of silk as thin as a cicada's wing • (literary) cicada-shaped decoration • (literary) continuously; unendingly cicada • continuous 蟬 • (seon) · 蟬 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen) cicada Hán-Nôm : thiền 蟬
蟯 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋjew, *ʔŋew) : semantic 虫 (“worm”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liô • Middle-Chinese : nyew • Middle-Chinese : 'jiew ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngia̍uh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngiauh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngiáu Only used in 蟯蟲／蛲虫 (náochóng). • (Hokkien) clam • (Mainland China Hokkien) bivalve-like seafood • (Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) female genitalia; vulva ‖ (Hokkien) to wriggle; to squirm • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to nitpick; to probe (someone's mistakes, etc.) • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien, humorous) to pass away; to die 蟯 • (yo) · 蟯 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo) 蟯
蟹 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreːʔ) : phonetic 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs) + semantic 虫. Originally written as 蠏. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-k(j)aːj (“crab”). Compare S'gaw Karen ဆွဲၣ် (hsweh̀). \ ; “to decrease in value’ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǎi • Middle-Chinese : heaX crab (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • (Cantonese, slang, of stocks, goods, etc.) to decrease in value, such that selling it will result in loss ‖ 蟹(かに) or 蟹(カニ) • (kani) ‖ a crab (infraorder Brachyura) 蟹 (eumhun 게 해 (ge hae)) crab Hán-Nôm : giải 蟹
蟻 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋralʔ) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 義 (OC *ŋrals). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k/p/s-rwak. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gí • Middle-Chinese : ngjeX ant (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • (literary) foam or sediment in wine; lees • (literary) humble; inconsiderable • (literary) black • (literary) in an assembled manner • a surname ‖ 蟻(あり) or 蟻(アリ) • (ari) ‖ 蟻(ぎ) • (gi) ‖ 蟻(ありのこ) • (arinoko) ant ‖ ant ‖ ant ‖ (obsolete) an ant, particularly one without wings • (obsolete) an ant egg or larva 蟻 (eumhun 개미 의 (gaemi ui)) ‖ ‖ 蟻(あみ) (ami) hanja form of 의 (“ant”) ‖ 蟻 \ • 蟻 \ ‖ ant Hán-Nôm : nghĩ • Hán-Nôm : nghị 蟻
蠅 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *b·lɯŋ) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 黽 (OC *mlenʔ, *mliŋʔ, *mreːŋʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-b-(r/j)aŋ (“fly; bee”). Compare 虻 (OC mˁraŋ, “"horsefly"”), Tibetan སྦྲང་བུ (sbrang bu, “bee”), Burmese ယင် (yang, “fly”), Chepang याङ् (“insect; fly”), Japhug ɣʑo (“bee”) (STEDT; Coblin, 1986; Benedict, 1972; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng • Middle-Chinese : ying fly; housefly ‖ 蠅(はえ) or 蠅(ハエ) • (hae) ^(←はへ (fafe)?) ‖ Kyūjitai form of 蝿 (“fly”) (insect of the family Muscidae) 蠅 (eum 승 (seung)) 蠅
蠍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰad) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 歇 (OC *qʰad). Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hit³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giat • Middle-Chinese : xjot scorpion ‖ 蠍(さそり) or 蠍(サソリ) • (sasori) scorpion ‖ a scorpion (any of various arachnids of the order Scorpiones) 蠍 • (gal) · 蠍 • (gal) (hangeul 갈) Hán-Nôm : hiết • Hán-Nôm : hạt • Hán-Nôm : yết 蠍
蠔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 豪 (OC *ɡaːw). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ô oyster 蠔 • (ho) · 蠔 • (ho) (hangeul 호, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho) Hán-Nôm : hào • Hán-Nôm : hàu • Hán-Nôm : hầu oyster 蠔
蠟 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːb) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 巤 (OC *rab). \ Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-krjap (“bug; ant; insect (lac); cochineal”); cognate with Burmese ချိပ် (hkyip, “lac”), Proto-Loloish *C-gripᴸ (“lac; pine”), Jingpho krep (“bedbug”), Proto-Kiranti *khrep (“bug; ant”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). \ However, this word is not attested until the 2nd to 3rd century (Ferlus, 2012b) (earliest attested in Comments of a Recluse (潛夫論) by Wang Fu (王符)). It may instead be a borrowing from Proto-Vietic *k-raːp (“wax”) (Ferlus, 2012; Jacques, 2016b). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍p • Middle-Chinese : lap wax • candle (Classifier: 根 m; 枝 m) • light yellow ‖ wax • candle • waxy • glazed ‖ 蠟 (eumhun 밀 랍 (mil rap), word-initial (South Korea) 밀 납 (mil nap)) hanja form of 랍/납 (“wax”) • hanja form of 랍/납 (“candle”) Hán-Nôm : rệp • Hán-Nôm : lạp • Hán-Nôm : sáp 蠟
蠡 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Middle-Chinese : lje • Middle-Chinese : lwa • Middle-Chinese : lejX 蠡 • (ryeo>yeo) · 蠡 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye) Hán-Nôm : lãi 蠡
蠣 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·rads) : semantic 虫 (“insect; bug; creature”) + phonetic 厲 (OC *m·rads). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Middle-Chinese : ljejH oyster oyster 蠣 • (ryeo>yeo) · 蠣 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye) Hán-Nôm : lệ • Hán-Nôm : lị 蠣
蠱 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 蟲 (“insects”) + 皿 (“container”) – poisonous insects raised in a container. \ Unclear (Schuessler, 2007). \ “Affair” may be related to 故 (OC *kaːs, “happening; incident”). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo • Middle-Chinese : kuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ (historical) a type of artificially cultivated poisonous insect; the one insect remaining in the vessel where toxic insects are allowed to eat each other • insect that grows on rotting grain; pest; vermin • hot, noxious air that harms people; miasma • to entice; to bewitch • malevolent sorcery, including charms, curses and prayers to evil spirits • affair; matter • 18th hexagram of the I Ching (䷑) ‖ Alternative form of 冶 (yě, “bewitchingly pretty; seductive”) 蠱 • (go) · 蠱 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko) 蠱
蠶 Bodman (1980) relates this to Tibetan སྡོམ (sdom, “spider”). Perhaps cognate to 蔪 (OC *zamʔ, “entwine”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâm • Middle-Chinese : dzom silkworm silkworm Hán-Nôm : tàm • Hán-Nôm : tằm 蠶
蠹 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːɡs) : phonetic 橐 (OC *tʰaːɡ) + semantic 䖵 (“insect”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou³ • Middle-Chinese : tuH insect that eats through paper, clothes, wood, etc. • insect that eats through paper, clothes, wood, etc. · (specifically) silverfish • (figuratively) harmful person; vermin • to erode; to eat away at • moth-eaten; worm-eaten 蠹 • (du) · 蠹 • (du) (hangeul 두, revised du, McCune–Reischauer tu, Yale twu) 蠹
蠻 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mroːn) : phonetic 䜌 (OC *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons) + semantic 虫 (“snake”). \ Possibly related to Burmese မြန်မာ (mranma, “Myanmar; Burma; Burmese”), Tibetan བྲན (bran, “servant, slave”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bân • Middle-Chinese : maen (historical, derogatory) A collective name for all non-Han ethnic groups south of Han areas of China in any given era. • barbarous; savage; uncivilised • rough; rude; unreasonable • rash; hot-headed • valiantly; uncouthly; vulgarly • (colloquial) very; quite barbarian 蠻 (eumhun 오랑캐 만 (orangkae man)) hanja form of 만 (“barbarian”) Hán-Nôm : man • Hán-Nôm : mán • Hán-Nôm : mơn 蠻
衆 ‖ 衆(しゅう) • (shū) ‖ 衆(しゅう) • (-shū) ‖ mass; many people • majority ‖ 衆 (eumhun 무리 중 (muri jung)) hanja form of 중 (“crowd”) 衆
衢 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷa) : semantic 行 + phonetic 瞿 (OC *kʷas, *ɡʷa). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kû • Middle-Chinese : gju highway • thoroughfare • intersection crossroads 衢 • (gu) · 衢 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu) highway • thoroughfare, intersection Hán-Nôm : cù 衢
袂 ‖ See 𣍐／𫧃. This character is recommended by Taiwan's Ministry of Education. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : māi • Middle-Chinese : mjiejH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : buē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bē ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uínn (literary) sleeve ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 𣍐／𫧃 ‖ (Southern Min) Alternative form of 䘼 (“sleeve”) ‖ 袂(たもと) • (tamoto) sleeve • foot (of a hill or mountain) • edge ‖ the sleeve pouch of a kimono or other Japanese clothing • a sleeve • (archaic) the upper arm • the side or edge of something (for example, a bridge) • the foot or base of something (for example, a mountain) 袂 • (mye) · 袂 • (mye) (hangeul 몌, revised mye, McCune–Reischauer mye, Yale myey) 袂
袈 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa¹ • Middle-Chinese : kae Only used in 袈裟 (jiāshā). 袈 • (ga) · 袈 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka, Yale ka) Hán-Nôm : cà • Hán-Nôm : ca • Hán-Nôm : già 袈
袒 Uncertain. Schuessler (2007) gives several possibilities: \ * Related to 但 (OC *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns, “only”) (Pulleyblank, 1991c); \ * Related to 丹 (OC *taːn, “cinnabar; red”), as skin colour is often associated with "red" (Lau, 1999); \ * Related to Tibetan སྟར (star, “to clean; to polish”). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thán • Middle-Chinese : danX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : dreanH to bare; to strip oneself naked to the waist • to give unprincipled support; to shield ‖ Original form of 綻／绽 (zhàn, “to split at the seam”). 袒 • (dan, tan) · 袒 • (dan, tan) (hangeul 단, 탄, revised dan, tan, McCune–Reischauer tan, t'an, Yale tan, than) 袒
袞 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kluːnʔ) : semantic 衣 (“clothes”) + phonetic 㕣 (OC *kloːŋ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kún imperial robes 袞 • (gon) · 袞 • (gon) (hangeul 곤, revised gon, McCune–Reischauer kon, Yale kon) Hán-Nôm : cổn • Hán-Nôm : gọn 袞
装 装 • (jang) · 装 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang) 装
裊 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : phonetic 鳥 (OC *tɯːwʔ) + semantic 衣. \ Originally written 褭, see there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : niu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : niu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niáu • Middle-Chinese : newX slender and delicate • Used in 裊裊／袅袅 (niǎoniǎo) and 裊娜／袅娜. • Alternative form of 褭／袅 (niǎo) 裊 • (nyo>yo) · 裊 • (nyo>yo) (hangeul 뇨>요, revised nyo>yo, McCune–Reischauer nyo>yo, Yale nyo>yo) Hán-Nôm : nẻo 裊
裔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *leds) : semantic 衣 (“cloth”) + phonetic 㕯 (). \ ;border \ ;posterity, descendants Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : è • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ì • Middle-Chinese : yejH descendant; posterity • (literary) edge; brim; margin • (literary) borderland; frontier; remote region • (literary) people of the borderlands • (literary) clothing's edge • a surname ‖ 裔(えい) • (ei) ^(←えい (ei)?) ‖ 裔(えい) • (ei) ^(←えい (ei)?) descendant • border ‖ descendants; offspring ‖ (literary) descendants 裔 • (ye) · 裔 • (ye) (hangeul 예) 裔
裘 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷɯ) : phonetic 求 (OC *ɡu) + semantic 衣 (“clothes”). \ Probably Sino-Tibetan. Various comparanda have been proposed: \ * Tibetan གྲུ (gru, “boat (of inflated hides)”) (Bodman, 1980); \ * Tamang [Term?] (¹kuri, “skin”) (Schuessler, 2007); \ * Tibetan གོས (gos, “clothes”), Japhug ŋga (“to wear”) (Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiû • Middle-Chinese : gjuw fur coat; fur garment • (literary) to wear a fur coat • (Southern Min) padded jacket; lined jacket • a surname ‖ 裘(かわごろも) • (kawagoromo) ‖ fur coat 裘 • (gu) · 裘 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu) Hán-Nôm : cừu • Hán-Nôm : cầu 裘
裟 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa¹ • Middle-Chinese : srae Only used in 袈裟 (jiāshā). 裟 • (sa) · 裟 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa) Hán-Nôm : sa 裟
裨 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi • Middle-Chinese : pjie ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pî • Middle-Chinese : bjie to aid; to benefit; to help • (literary) to make up; to remedy; to supplement • (literary) to add to; to complement ‖ (literary) secondary; assistant; minor; small • (literary) second-class formal attire worn in sacrificial rites in ancient China • a surname aid, help 裨 • (bi) · 裨 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi) 裨
裴 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *buːl, *bɯl) : phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl) + semantic 衣 (“clothing”). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puê • Middle-Chinese : bwoj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˊ • Middle-Chinese : bj+j ^† (of clothing) long • Used in 裴回 • a surname ‖ Only used in 即裴. 裴 (eum 배 (bae)) Hán-Nôm : bùi Chữ Hán form of Bùi (“a surname from Chinese.”). 裴
褓 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou² • Middle-Chinese : pawX (literary) swaddling clothes 褓 • (bo) · 褓 • (bo) (hangeul 보, revised bo, McCune–Reischauer po, Yale po) 褓
褚 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taʔ, *tʰaʔ) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taʔ, *tʰaʔ) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thú • Middle-Chinese : trhjoX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu² • Middle-Chinese : trjoX a surname ‖ silk wadding; stuffing in clothing • Alternative form of 貯／贮 (zhù, “to collect; to store up; stored goods”) • bag; container for goods bag 褚 • (jeo) · 褚 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce) vest • bag canonical : 褚: Hán Việt readings: trử 褚: Nôm readings: chử 褚
褫 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci² • Middle-Chinese : drje • Middle-Chinese : drjeX • Middle-Chinese : trhjeX • Middle-Chinese : trhiX to take off • to strip; to deprive 褫 • (chi) · 褫 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi) 褫
褲 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷaːs) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 庫 (OC *kʰaːs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khòo • Middle-Chinese : khuH pants; trousers (Classifier: 條／条 c; 領／领 mn) pants, trousers 褲 (eumhun 바지 고 (baji go)) ‖ 褲 (eumhun 사타구니 과 (sataguni gwa)) trousers, pants (US) ‖ (anatomy) groin, crotch Hán-Nôm : khố 褲
褸 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roː, *roʔ) : semantic 衣 (“clothes”) + phonetic 婁 (OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro). ‖ From 摟／搂 (lau1, “to drape”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁵ • Middle-Chinese : luw • Middle-Chinese : ljuX ‖ Used in 襤褸／褴褛 (lánlǚ). ‖ (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew) coat rag • collar, neck 褸 • (ru>nu) · 褸 • (ru>nu) (hangeul 루>누, revised ru>nu, McCune–Reischauer ru>nu, Yale lwu>nwu) 褸
褻 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋed) : phonetic 衣 (OC *qɯl, *qɯls, “clothes”) + semantic 埶. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sit³ • Middle-Chinese : sjet licentious; intimate; light-hearted • disrespectful • (obsolete) close-fitting underwear • (obsolete) casual clothes worn at home ‖ 褻(け) • (ke) (け) informal • (けがす) defile, profane ‖ informal; everyday affairs 褻 • (seol) · 褻 • (seol) (hangeul 설, revised seol, McCune–Reischauer sŏl, Yale sel) 褻
襄 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *snaŋ) : phonetic 𤕦 () + semantic 衣 (Li Xueqin, 2012). \ ; “to remove” Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siang • Middle-Chinese : sjang (literary) to aid; to help; to assist • (literary) to accomplish; to achieve; to complete • (literary) to remove • (literary) to raise up; to ascend over • (literary) tall; high • Alternative form of 驤／骧 (xiāng) • Alternative form of 攘 • a surname To rise; raise 襄 (eumhun 도울 양 (doul yang)) Hán-Nôm : tương 襄
襖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːʔ, *quːʔ) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 奧 (OC *quːɡs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : áu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ó • Middle-Chinese : 'awX (Chinese-style) coat; jacket ‖ 襖(ふすま) • (fusuma) opaque sliding door ‖ (architecture) fusuma, a sliding panel 襖 • (o) · 襖 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o) Hán-Nôm : áo 襖
襠 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːŋ) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 當 (OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tong • Middle-Chinese : tang crotch (of pants) • crotch (area between legs) • sleeveless garment; vest; waistcoat ‖ 襠(まち) • (machi) ‖ gusset, gore, godet 襠 • (dang) · 襠 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang) 襠
襤 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːm) : semantic 衣 (“clothes”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lam • Middle-Chinese : lam garments without hems • Used in 襤褸／褴褛 (lánlǚ). rag 襤 • (ram>nam) · 襤 • (ram>nam) (hangeul 람>남, revised ram>nam, McCune–Reischauer ram>nam, Yale lam>nam) 襤
襪 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mad) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 蔑 (OC *meːd, *meːd). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : be̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : be̍rh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bue̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bēr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bua̍t • Middle-Chinese : mjot sock; stocking (Classifier: 隻／只 c; 對／对 c) ‖ 襪(しとうず) • (shitōzu) socks ‖ (clothing) ankle-tied silk socks, worn by high nobles in formal court dress and priests. 襪 • (mal) · 襪 • (mal) (hangeul 말, revised mal, McCune–Reischauer mal, Yale mal) (버선 말, beoseon-): socks, footmuffs of Korean tradition 襪
襯 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : can³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshàn • Middle-Chinese : tsrhinH inner garment • lining; liner • to line; to place underneath • to set off; to serve as a foil; to contrast; to make stand out against the background • (alt. form 儭／𠋆, 嚫／𰈍) to give alms; to donate for charity • (Cantonese) to match (of clothes) 襯 (eum 친 (chin)) Hán-Nôm : sấn 襯
覃 ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâm • Middle-Chinese : dom ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cam⁴ (obsolete) long • (obsolete) to spread; to extend • (obsolete) to widely bestow • (literary) deep; profound • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 剡 (yǎn, “sharp; pointed”) ‖ a surname deep, extend, large 覃 (eum 담 (dam)) Hán-Nôm : đàm 覃
覓 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 爪 (“hand”) + 見 (“to see”). ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bi̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ba̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bā • Middle-Chinese : mek ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : bāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : māi ‖ ‖ to search for; to seek; to hunt out for; to look into; to look out for; to investigate; to explore; to inquire into; to research ‖ (Hokkien) to inspect; to probe; to see; to examine face-to-face; to visit and inquire about • (Hokkien) give something a go; give something a try (used after a verb) ‖ (Hainanese, Leizhou Min) to look for; to seek ‖ (Teochew) Alternative form of 揣 (“to look for; to seek”) 覓 • (myeok) · 覓 • (myeok) (hangeul 멱, revised myeok, McCune–Reischauer myŏk, Yale myek) Hán-Nôm : mạch • Hán-Nôm : mích • Hán-Nôm : mịch 覓
覦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lo, *los) : phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo) + semantic 見 (“to see”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Middle-Chinese : yu • Middle-Chinese : yuH 覦
覬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯls) : phonetic 豈 (OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ) + semantic 見 (“to see”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei³ • Middle-Chinese : kijH coveting high rank 覬 • (gi) · 覬 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki) 覬
覲 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìnn • Middle-Chinese : ginH to have an audience (with the Emperor, leader, president, etc.) 覲 • (geun) · 覲 • (geun) (hangeul 근, revised geun, McCune–Reischauer kŭn, Yale kun) Hán-Nôm : cận 覲
触 Unorthodox variant simplified from 觸 (蜀 → 虫) found in the Ming dynasty orthographic dictionary 《字學三正》. Also found in 《宋元以來俗字譜》, a variant forms dictionary compiled in 1930. \ Eventually adopted as an official simplified character by the People's Republic of China in the 1956 Chinese Character Simplification Scheme. ‖ Found in the historical Kangxi dictionary published during the Qing dynasty and cited from 《古今注》, a narrative work on ancient China written by 崔豹 during the Western Jin period (265–316 AD). \ The scholars who compiled the Kangxi dictionary may have confused this character with 𩶥 which is visually similar. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˊ ‖ ^‡ white fish with red tail See also: 魧 • ^‡ type of fish that is male to touch; to contact 触 • (chok) · 触 • (chok) (hangeul 촉, revised chok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ok, Yale chok) Hán-Nôm : xúc 触
觴 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng¹ • Middle-Chinese : syang (literary) wine cup; drinking vessel • (literary) to toast; to drink 觴 (eum 상 (sang)) 觴
訊 Characters in the same phonetic series (卂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sins) : semantic 言 + phonetic 卂 (OC *sins, *tods). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sìn • Middle-Chinese : sinH to inquire; to ask • to question; to interrogate • to call to account; to admonish • to state; to report • message; information; news • (obsolete, poetry) coda; conclusion • (obsolete) captured prisoners ask; question 訊 • (sin) · 訊 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin, Yale sin) Hán-Nôm : tấn 訊
訌 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōng • Middle-Chinese : huwng confusion; discord; strife; quarrel get confused 訌 • (hong) · 訌 • (hong) (hangeul 홍, revised hong, McCune–Reischauer hong, Yale hong) 訌
訕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sraːn, *sraːns) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 山 (OC *sreːn) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suan • Middle-Chinese : sraen • Middle-Chinese : sraenH to mock; to slander • embarrassed; ashamed abuse • slander • vilify • ridicule 訕 • (san) · 訕 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san) abuse • slander • vilify • ridicule 訕
訖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯd) : semantic 言 + phonetic 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd). \ See 暨 (jì) for etymology. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gut • Hokkien · Tai-lo : git • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gert • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kit • Middle-Chinese : kj+t to bring to an end; to complete; to finish; to conclude • finally; at last • all come to an end • reach • arrive at • finally 訖 • (heul) · 訖 • (heul) (hangeul 흘, revised heul, McCune–Reischauer hŭl, Yale hul) 訖
訛 Characters in the same phonetic series (化) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋʷaːl) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls) \ Related to 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls, “to change”) (Schuessler, 2007). Possibly also related to 偽 (OC *ŋʷrals) (Schuessler, 2007), but see there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngo⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Middle-Chinese : ngwa (literary, or in compounds) erroneous; mistaken • (literary, or in compounds) error; mistake • to extort; to blackmail • Alternative form of 吪 訛 (eumhun 그릇될 와 (geureutdoel wa)) hanja form of 와 (“erroneous; mistaken”) Hán-Nôm : ngoa • Hán-Nôm : ngỏa • Hán-Nôm : ngoả 訛
訝 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaa⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gēe • Middle-Chinese : ngaeH to be surprised; to be astonished • Alternative form of 迓 (yà, “to meet; to welcome”) doubt 訝 • (a) · 訝 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a, Yale a) 訝
訣 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuat • Middle-Chinese : kwet knack; secret; trick of the trade • mnemonic chant; rhyme for remembering something; rhymed formula • to take leave of; to bid farewell • (obsolete) to bid farewell to a dead person separation • part • secret 訣 • (gyeol) · 訣 • (gyeol) (hangeul 결, revised gyeol, McCune–Reischauer kyŏl, Yale kyel) take leave of • bid farewell canonical : 訣: Hán Việt readings: quyết 訣
訥 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nuːd) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 內 (OC *nuːbs, “inside”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : neot⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lu̍t • Middle-Chinese : nwot slow of speech; speaking in a clumsy manner • taciturn; speaking little 訥 (eumhun 말 더듬을 눌 (mal deodeumeul nul)) hanja form of 눌 (“mumble; stammer”) Hán-Nôm : nột • Hán-Nôm : dốt • Hán-Nôm : nói • Hán-Nôm : nốt • Hán-Nôm : nuốt 訥
註 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tos, *tjos) : semantic 訁 + phonetic 主 (OC *tjoʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsù • Middle-Chinese : tsyuH • Middle-Chinese : trjuH to annotate; to comment • to record; to register • comment; note; annotation ‖ to explain in detail ‖ 註 • (ju) · 註 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu) Hán-Nôm : chú • Hán-Nôm : chua 註
証 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìng • Middle-Chinese : tsyengH (literary) to admonish ‖ ‖ 証(あかし) • (akashi) ‖ 証(しょう) • (shō) to admonish ‖ prove, verify ‖ proof, evidence, testimony ‖ proof, verification • (Buddhism) enlightenment • (traditional Chinese medicine) symptoms 証 • (jeong) · 証 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng) Hán-Nôm : chứng • Hán-Nôm : chống • Hán-Nôm : chững • Hán-Nôm : chừng 証
詁 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu³ • Middle-Chinese : kuX 詁 • (go) · 詁 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko) canonical : 詁: Hán Việt readings: cổ 詁
詆 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tí • Middle-Chinese : dej • Middle-Chinese : tejX • Middle-Chinese : thek to condemn; to attack • to slander; to defame • to deceive; to cheat 詆 • (jeo) · 詆 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce) canonical : 詆: Hán Việt readings: để 詆
詛 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zo³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsóo • Middle-Chinese : tsrjoH curse • to curse • to swear, pledge curse 詛 • (jeo) · 詛 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce) 詛 (trớ, chú, thư, trù) 詛
詢 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn • Middle-Chinese : swin to inquire into; to ask about; to consult with 詢 • (sun) · 詢 • (sun) (hangeul 순, revised sun, McCune–Reischauer sun, Yale swun) Hán-Nôm : tuân 詢
詫 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thà • Middle-Chinese : trhaeH to be surprised; to be astonished • (literary) to brag; to show off • (literary) to tell; to inform • (literary) to cheat; to deceive 詫 • (ta) · 詫 • (ta) (hangeul 타, revised ta, McCune–Reischauer t'a, Yale tha) Hán-Nôm : sá 詫
詬 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡˋ • Middle-Chinese : kuwX • Middle-Chinese : khuwH • Middle-Chinese : xuwH 詬 • (gu) · 詬 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu) Hán-Nôm : cấu 詬
詭 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krolʔ) : semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 危 (OC *ŋrol). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuí • Middle-Chinese : kjweX sly; cunning; tricky; deceitful • (literary) weird; bizarre lie • deceive 詭 • (gwe) · 詭 • (gwe) (hangeul 궤, revised gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwe, Yale kwey) deceive, cheat, defraud • sly Hán-Nôm : quỷ • Hán-Nôm : ngụy • Hán-Nôm : nguỵ 詭
詹 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiam • Middle-Chinese : tsyem verbose; garrulous • to talk too much; to be verbose • to arrive; to reach • to manage; to administer • Alternative form of 瞻 (zhān, “to look upward or forward”) • a surname talk too much • verbose 詹 • (cheom) · 詹 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem) arrive • verbose Hán-Nôm : chiêm 詹
詼 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khue • Middle-Chinese : khwoj 詼 • (hoe) · 詼 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy) canonical : 詼: Hán Việt readings: khôi 詼
誅 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *to) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 朱 (OC *tjo). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Middle-Chinese : trju to execute; to kill; to put to death • to punish • to censure; to blame • (Cantonese, mahjong) to discard tiles such that the next player cannot improve their hand blame • kill, execute 誅 • (ju) · 誅 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu) Hán-Nôm : tru • Hán-Nôm : trô 誅
誉 ‖ 誉(たかし) • (Takashi) · 誉(ほまれ) • (Homare) reputation • honor • glory ‖ a male given name • a female given name 誉 • (ye) · 誉 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey) canonical : 誉: Hán Việt readings: dự 誉
誑 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwong⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwong² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong² • Middle-Chinese : kjwangH to deceive; to lie; to delude; to cheat 誑 • (gwang) · 誑 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, Yale kwang) canonical : 誑: Hán Việt readings: cuống 誑
誡 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯːɡs) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 戒 (OC *krɯːɡs, “guard against”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kài • Middle-Chinese : keajH to warn; to admonish; to caution • to take precautions; to guard against • (religion) commandments; precepts; tenets admonish • warn • prohibit 誡 • (gye) · 誡 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye, Yale kyey) canonical : 誡: Hán Việt readings: giới 誡
誣 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ma) : semantic 言 + phonetic 巫 (OC *ma). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bû • Middle-Chinese : mju to make false accusation; to defame • to deceive; to hoodwink 誣 • (mu) · 誣 • (mu) (hangeul 무, revised mu, McCune–Reischauer mu, Yale mu) Hán-Nôm : vu 誣
誥 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gou³ • Middle-Chinese : kawH to inform; to notify; to admonish; to order state • give instructions 誥 • (go) · 誥 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko) inform, notify, admonish, order Hán-Nôm : cáo 誥
誨 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmɯːs) : semantic 言 + phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fui³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hué • Middle-Chinese : xwojH to teach; to instruct • to encourage; to induce instruct 誨 • (hoe) · 誨 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy) Hán-Nôm : hối • Hán-Nôm : húi 誨
說 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljods, *hljod, *lod) : semantic 言 + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds). \ All of the pronunciations of this character are in the same word family derived from a root *lo meaning “to loosen; to relax” (Schuessler, 2007). STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”). \ Pronunciation 1 is derived by causative devoicing of 悅 (OC *lod, “to relax; to be delighted”) (pronunciation 3). \ Pronunciation 2 is probably the exoactive of pronunciation 1. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljods, *hljod, *lod) : semantic 言 + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds). \ All of the pronunciations of this character are in the same word family derived from a root *lo meaning “to loosen; to relax” (Schuessler, 2007). STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”). \ Pronunciation 1 is derived by causative devoicing of 悅 (OC *lod, “to relax; to be delighted”) (pronunciation 3). \ Pronunciation 2 is probably the exoactive of pronunciation 1. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljods, *hljod, *lod) : semantic 言 + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds). \ All of the pronunciations of this character are in the same word family derived from a root *lo meaning “to loosen; to relax” (Schuessler, 2007). STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”). \ Pronunciation 1 is derived by causative devoicing of 悅 (OC *lod, “to relax; to be delighted”) (pronunciation 3). \ Pronunciation 2 is probably the exoactive of pronunciation 1. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljods, *hljod, *lod) : semantic 言 + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds). \ All of the pronunciations of this character are in the same word family derived from a root *lo meaning “to loosen; to relax” (Schuessler, 2007). STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”). \ Pronunciation 1 is derived by causative devoicing of 悅 (OC *lod, “to relax; to be delighted”) (pronunciation 3). \ Pronunciation 2 is probably the exoactive of pronunciation 1. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : seh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : serh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suat • Middle-Chinese : sywet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suè • Middle-Chinese : sywejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyut⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ywet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛ to say; to speak • to explain • to refer to • to discuss • to introduce; to bring parties together • to criticize; to scold; to upbraid • to perform • theory; explanation ‖ to persuade; to canvass; to lobby • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to swindle; to defraud; to cheat out of ‖ Alternative form of 悅／悦 (yuè, “happy; delighted”) ‖ Alternative form of 脫／脱 (“to free; to relieve”) opinion • theory • explanation • rumor 說 (eumhun 말씀 설 (malsseum seol)) ‖ 說 (eumhun 달랠 세 (dallael se)) ‖ 說 (eumhun 기쁠 열 (gippeul yeol)) hanja form of 설 (“theory, opinion, view; rumour”) [noun] • hanja form of 설 (“theory”) [suffix] • hanja form of 설 (“to explain; to speak; to talk”) [affix] ‖ hanja form of 세 (“to persuade”) [affix] ‖ hanja form of 열 (“used in personal names”) • (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 悅 (“hanja form of 열 (“to be happy”)”) Hán-Nôm : thuyết 說
説 ‖ 説(せつ) • (setsu) theory • explanation ‖ theory 説 • (seol, se, yeol) · 説 • (seol, se, yeol) (hangeul 설, 세, 열, revised seol, se, yeol, McCune–Reischauer sŏl, se, yŏl, Yale sel, sey, yel) Hán-Nôm : thuyết • Hán-Nôm : thót • Hán-Nôm : thốt 説
誼 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋrals) : semantic 言 + phonetic 宜 (OC *ŋral). \ In some lects, the pronunciation of 誼／谊 is the same as that of 宜 (i.e. in the light level tone (陽平／阳平)). This is the result of dubanbian (讀半邊／读半边 (dúbànbiān)). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gî • Middle-Chinese : ngjeH friendship • Alternative form of 義／义 (yì) • Alternative form of 議／议 (yì) friendship • closeness; intimacy 誼 (eum 의 (ui)) Hán-Nôm : nghị 誼
諂 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰomʔ) : semantic 言 + phonetic 臽 (OC *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim² • Middle-Chinese : trhjemX ^† to flatter; to truckle; to toady flatter 諂 • (cheom) · 諂 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem) canonical : 諂: Hán Việt readings: xiểm • canonical : siểm 諂: Nôm readings: xiểm • canonical : siểm chữ Hán form of siểm (“to flatter”). 諂
諄 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjun, *tjuns) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 𦎧 (). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsun • Middle-Chinese : tsywin • Middle-Chinese : tsywinH earnest earnest 諄 (eum 순 (sun)) Hán-Nôm : truân 諄
諉 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² • Middle-Chinese : nrjweH to shirk; to give excuses 諉 • (wi) · 諉 • (wi) (hangeul 위, revised wi, McCune–Reischauer wi, Yale wi) 諉
諍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsreːŋs) : semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 爭 (OC *ʔsreːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zang³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsènn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǹg • Middle-Chinese : tsreangH ^† to remonstrate; to admonish • (Southern Min) to quarrel; to fight 諍 • (jaeng) · 諍 • (jaeng) (hangeul 쟁, revised jaeng, McCune–Reischauer chaeng, Yale cayng) Hán-Nôm : tránh 諍
諜 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍p • Middle-Chinese : dep espionage; spying • spy; agent 諜 • (cheop) · 諜 • (cheop) (hangeul 첩, revised cheop, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏp, Yale chep) Hán-Nôm : điệp 諜
諫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːns) : semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 柬 (OC *kreːnʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàn • Middle-Chinese : kaenH to remonstrate; to admonish ‖ 諫(かん) • (kan) ‖ 諫(かん) • (kan) ‖ admonition ‖ admonish • dissuade 諫 (eum 간 (gan)) remonstrate • admonish Hán-Nôm : gián 諫
諱 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷɯls) : semantic 言 + phonetic 韋 (OC *ɢʷɯl). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huì • Middle-Chinese : xjw+jH to avoid mentioning • to avoid; to regard as taboo • taboo • (historical) name of a deceased emperor or elder • (obsolete) to fear; to dread • (obsolete, euphemistic) to die real name used during life, as opposed to a posthumous name 諱 (eum 휘 (hwi)) conceal • shun • regard as taboo Hán-Nôm : húy • Hán-Nôm : huý 諱
諷 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *plums) : semantic 言 + phonetic 風 (OC *plum, *plums). Cantonese · Jyutping : fung³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng • Middle-Chinese : pjuwngH to satirize; to mock; to criticize; to remonstrate (using implicit language) • to advise using mild and indirect language; to suggest in a tactful and veiled manner • (literary) to recite; to incant 諷 • (pung) · 諷 • (pung) (hangeul 풍) Hán-Nôm : phúng 諷
諺 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gān • Middle-Chinese : ngjenH proverb; maxim • Korean hangul ‖ 諺(ことわざ) • (kotowaza) ‖ a proverb (phrase expressing a basic truth) 諺 • (eon, an) · 諺 • (eon, an) (hangeul 언, 안, revised eon, an, McCune–Reischauer ŏn, an, Yale en, an) old name for Hangeul, the Korean script; Eonmun • vernacular Korean language (in contrast to written Chinese texts) • a proverb Hán-Nôm : ngạn 諺
謊 Originally written as 詤. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmaːŋʔ) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 荒 (OC *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs) Cantonese · Jyutping : fong¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng lie; untruth • to lie; to tell a lie lie 謊 (eumhun 잠꼬대할 황 (jamkkodaehal hwang)) hanja form of 황 (“lie”) Hán-Nôm : hoang 謊
謗 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paːŋs) : semantic 言 (“speech; words”) + phonetic 旁 (OC *baːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pòng • Middle-Chinese : pangH (archaic, now mostly obsolete) to criticize (especially in an open manner) • (literary) to slander; to defame; to vilify slander 謗 (eumhun 헐뜯을 방 (heoltteudeul bang)) hanja form of 방 (“slandering”) 謗
謨 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bôo • Middle-Chinese : mu (literary) plan; strategy • (literary) to plan; to strategize; to deliberate plan • deliberate 謨 (eum 모 (mo)) canonical : 謨: Hán Việt readings: mồ 謨
謬 From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kiː(l/r) (“to bend; to wind; to twist; to roll”), i.e. “to twist words; to twist the truth”. Related to 糾 (OC *krɯwʔ, “to entangle”), 絞 (OC *kreːwʔ, “to twist; to strangle”), 摎 (OC *krɯːw, “to strangle”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄡˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biū • Middle-Chinese : mjiwH false; wrong; erroneous • error; mistake • to deceive; to twist the truth • a surname mistake 謬 (eumhun 그릇될 류 (geureutdoel ryu), word-initial (South Korea) 그릇될 유 (geureutdoel yu)) hanja form of 류/유 (“false; wrong; erroneous”) canonical : 謬: Hán Việt readings: mậu chữ Hán form of mậu (“mistake”). 謬
譁 noisy 譁 (eumhun 시끄러울 화 (sikkeureoul hwa)) 譁
譎 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwat¹ • Middle-Chinese : kwet to deceive; to cheat 譎 • (hyul) · 譎 • (hyul) (hangeul 휼, revised hyul, McCune–Reischauer hyul, Yale hyul) Hán-Nôm : quyệt • Hán-Nôm : quịt 譎
譏 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯl) : semantic 言 + phonetic 幾 (OC *kɯl, *kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl, *ɡɯls). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Middle-Chinese : kj+j to ridicule; to jeer; to mock • (literary) to interrogate • (literary) to exhort; to admonish 譏 • (gi) · 譏 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki) canonical : 譏: Hán Việt readings: cơ • canonical : ky • canonical : kỵ chữ Hán form of cơ (“ridicule, admonish”). 譏
譚 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tânn • Middle-Chinese : dom • Middle-Chinese : domX Alternative form of 談／谈 (tán, “to discuss”) • a surname ‖ 譚(たん) • (-tan) story ‖ story; tale 譚 • (dam) · 譚 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam, Yale tam) Hán-Nôm : đàm 譚
譴 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰens) : semantic 言 + phonetic 遣 (OC *kʰenʔ, *kʰens). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hin² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiàn • Middle-Chinese : khjienH to censure; to reprimand; to blame; to condemn • (archaic) to demote; to banish from court • offense; crime reproach 譴 (eumhun 꾸짖을 견 (kkujijeul gyeon)) hanja form of 견 (“scold; reprimand”) Hán-Nôm : khiển • Hán-Nôm : khiến 譴
讒 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zrɯːm, *zraːms) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 毚 (OC *zrɯːm, *zraːm) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâm • Middle-Chinese : dzream • Middle-Chinese : dzraemH to slander; to defame; to vilify; to speak maliciously of others • slander; defamation; libel • slanderer ‖ 讒(ざん) • (zan) ‖ false charge; slander; defamation 讒 (eumhun 참소할 참 (chamsohal cham)) hanja form of 참 (“to slander”) canonical : 讒: Hán Việt readings: sàm • canonical : gièm 讒: Nôm readings: gièm • canonical : sàm • canonical : xàm • canonical : sòm • canonical : sờm • canonical : sồm • canonical : sóm chữ Hán form of sàm (“to slander”). • Nôm form of gièm (“to slander”). • Nôm form of xàm (“to chatter; to prattle”). 讒
讖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰrims) : semantic 言 (“words; speech; language”) + phonetic 韱 (OC *sem). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshàm • Middle-Chinese : tsrhimH prophecy; hint; omen a revealing omen 讖 • (cham) · 讖 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham) canonical : 讖: Hán Việt readings: sấm ‖ romanization : sấm ‖ chữ Hán form of sấm (“prophecy”). 讖
谿 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kai¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hai⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kai¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hai⁴ Alternative form of 溪 • valley; gorge • Used in place names. • a surname: Xi ‖ Only used in 勃谿 (bójī). • Only used in 蠰谿. valley 谿 • (gye) · 谿 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye, Yale kyey) 谿
豉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡjes) : semantic 豆 (“bean”) + phonetic 支 (OC *kje). \ The orthodox form in Shuowen was 𢻃, which has 尗 (“legume; bean”) instead of 豆. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si • Middle-Chinese : dzyeH fermented bean 豉 • (si) · 豉 • (si) (hangeul 시, revised si, McCune–Reischauer si, Yale si) Hán-Nôm : thị • Hán-Nôm : xị • Hán-Nôm : sĩ • Hán-Nôm : xệ 豉
豎 Possibly phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djoʔ) : semantic 臤 + phonetic 豆 (OC *doːs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sū • Middle-Chinese : dzyuX to erect; to make vertical • vertical • upright; perpendicular to the ground • (Chinese calligraphy) a vertical stroke (㇑) • (historical) attendant; boy servant • a surname: Shu 豎 • (su) · 豎 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu) Hán-Nôm : thụ 豎
豔 Originally 豓. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lams) : semantic 豐 (“abundant, great”) + phonetic 盇 () (corrupted to 盍). \ Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs, though with uncertainty, *r-jams > *jams, compares it to Thai เรี่ยม (riamᴮ²), and proposes it was from Tai. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iām • Middle-Chinese : yemH (of color) bright and gorgeous; gaudy • relating to love relationships; romantic • (literary) to envy; to admire • a surname Alternative form of 艷, which is the kyūjitai form of 艶 Hán-Nôm : diệm • Hán-Nôm : diễm 豔
豕 Pictogram (象形) – a pig. Compare 亥. \ Possibly from Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *liik ~ *lik (“pig”) and Mon ကၠိက် (kloik, “pig”). Also occurs in the Cai-Long languages, from which Hölzl (2021) derives the name Ta-Li for the aforementioned language subgroup. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sí • Middle-Chinese : syeX (obsolete) pig; boar pig, hog 豕 • (si) · 豕 • (si) (hangeul 시, revised si, McCune–Reischauer si, Yale si) Hán-Nôm : thỉ 豕
豢 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huǎn • Middle-Chinese : hwaenH to feed livestock • to rear; to raise livestock • livestock • (figurative) to bribe 豢 (eum 환 (hwan)) 豢
豬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ta) : semantic 豕 + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007). Löffler (1966) considers Mru tia (“(wild) pig”) to be cognate. \ Fangyan states that 豭 (OC *kraː) is a dialectal variant of 豬 (OC *ta), yet *kra was apparently older than *t(r)a and homophonic with 麚 (OC *kraː, “stag”); so instead *t(r)a is possibly an early rural dialectal variant (from the sound changes *ʈa < *tra < *Cra) of *kra, which would have had a general meaning of "male animal". See 豭 for more. ‖ Referring to the similar-sounding word 處／处 (cyu2). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tu • Middle-Chinese : trjo ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu¹ pig; hog; swine (Classifier: 頭／头 m; 口 m; 隻／只 c mn; 條／条 c h) • (figurative, colloquial, often as a term of abuse) pig (a lazy, lowly or contemptible person) • (Cantonese, figuratively) stupid; foolish • (Cantonese, figuratively) to act in a stupid or foolish manner ‖ (Cantonese) virginity (Classifier: 隻／只 c) Kyūjitai form of 猪 豬 (eumhun 돼지 저 (dwaeji jeo)) Hán-Nôm : trư • Hán-Nôm : chưa • Hán-Nôm : trơ • Hán-Nôm : kiệt 豬
貂 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːw) : semantic 豸 + phonetic 召 (OC *dews, *djews) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiau • Middle-Chinese : tew marten • a surname ‖ 貂(てん) or 貂(テン) • (ten) ‖ Japanese marten, Martes melampus 貂 • (cho) · 貂 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho) (담비 초, dambi-): marten, sable Hán-Nôm : điêu 貂
貉 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hok⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok³ • Middle-Chinese : hak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maak⁶ • Middle-Chinese : maek tanuki (raccoon dog) ‖ Alternative form of 貊 (mò) badger • raccoon dog (tanuki) Hán-Nôm : hạc • Hán-Nôm : lạc • Hán-Nôm : mạch • Hán-Nôm : hào • Hán-Nôm : mạ 貉
貓 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mreːw, *mrew) : semantic 豸 + phonetic 苗 (OC *mrew). \ Ma Xulun suggested that 豸 was the original character of 貓. \ Onomatopoeic. Compare 喵 (miāo, “meow, the onomatopoeic cry of a cat”). \ Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs Old Chinese *mau, reasoning that 貓's place among division II syllables results from its onomatopoeic nature instead of an Old Chinese medial *-r-; onomatopoeia is also responsible for the 陰平／阴平 (yīnpíng) tone instead of the expected 陽平／阳平 (yángpíng). ‖ ‖ Borrowed from English modem. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bâu • Middle-Chinese : mjew • Middle-Chinese : maew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠ cat (Classifier: 隻／只 m c) • (Mandarin, colloquial) to hide oneself • (Mandarin, colloquial) to hang around; to stay somewhere doing nothing • (Cantonese) to get drunk • (Hokkien, Singapore Teochew) stingy; miserly • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) lecherous; lascivious • (Cantonese, non-productive) person with a non-positive attribute ‖ (Mandarin, colloquial) to bend ‖ (Mainland China, colloquial) modem ‖ 貓(ねこ) or 貓(ネコ) • (neko) (counter 匹) ‖ Alternative form of 猫 (“cat”) cat canonical : 貓: Hán Việt readings: miêu 貓: Nôm readings: mèo • canonical : miêu chữ Hán form of miêu (“cat”). • Nôm form of mèo (“cat”). 貓
貲 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsje to estimate 貲 • (ja) · 貲 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca) 貲
貳 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njis) : semantic 貝 + phonetic 弍 (OC *njis, “two”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄦˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gī • Middle-Chinese : nyijH (Classical) secondary; assistant • (literary, or in compounds) to be unfaithful; to be disloyal • (financial) Alternative form of 二 (èr, “two”) Kyūjitai form of 弐 貳 • (i) · 貳 • (i) (hangeul 이, revised i, McCune–Reischauer i, Yale i) Hán-Nôm : nhị • Hán-Nôm : nhì • Hán-Nôm : nhẹ 貳
貶 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *promʔ) : semantic 貝 (“shell”) + phonetic 乏 (OC *bob). Cantonese · Jyutping : bin² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pián • Middle-Chinese : pjemX to reduce; to lower • (literary) to demote • to vilify; to censure; to criticize • (grammar) negative polarity 貶 • (pyeom) · 貶 • (pyeom) (hangeul 폄, revised pyeom, McCune–Reischauer p'yŏm, Yale phyem) Hán-Nôm : biếm • Hán-Nôm : bâm • Hán-Nôm : mém 貶
貽 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yi to give as a present • to hand down; to leave behind 貽 (eum 이 (i)) Hán-Nôm : di 貽
賁 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prals, *bɯl, *pɯːn, *bɯn) : phonetic 卉 (OC *hmɯlʔ, *hmɯls) + semantic 貝 (“cowry”) for the reading bì (*prals). The character was borrowed for the word 奔 (OC *pɯːn, *pɯːns) in ancient times, hence its reading bēn (*pɯːn). ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 賁 – see 斑 (“spot; stripe; spotted; striped; mottled; etc.”). \ (This character is a variant form of 斑). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pì • Middle-Chinese : pjeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban¹ • Middle-Chinese : pwon ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁵ • Middle-Chinese : bjun ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄣ • Middle-Chinese : bj+j ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ ‖ to adorn oneself (with jewellery) • to honor with one's presence • 22nd hexagram of the I Ching ‖ brave, energetic, forge ahead (same as 奔) • cardia ‖ three-legged tortoise • Used in 賁鼓／贲鼓 (“large drum”). ‖ a surname. ‖ Only used in 賁渾／贲浑. ‖ Only used in 賁禺／贲禺. ‖ Alternative form of 墳／坟 • Alternative form of 忿 (fèn) ‖ Alternative form of 僨／偾 (fèn) • Alternative form of 奮／奋 (fèn) ‖ (Hakka) Alternative form of 笨 (“thick”) to decorate 賁 (eumhun 클 분 (keul bun)) ‖ 賁 (eumhun 꾸밀 비 (kkumil bi)) ‖ Hán-Nôm : bí • Hán-Nôm : bôn 賁
賅 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kai • Middle-Chinese : koj complete; comprehensive • to include prepared for • inclusive 賅
賈 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːʔ, *kraːs, *klaːʔ) : phonetic 襾 (OC *qraːs) + semantic 貝 (“shellfish”). ‖ Cognate with 酤 (OC *kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ, “to buy alcoholic drink”)，沽 (OC *kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs, “to buy or sell”). ‖ Cognate with 酤 (OC *kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ, “to buy alcoholic drink”)，沽 (OC *kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs, “to buy or sell”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ké • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ká • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kée • Middle-Chinese : kaeX ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa³ • Middle-Chinese : kaeH a surname ‖ merchant • to trade; to do business • (literary) to buy • (literary) to lead to; to incur; to bring about • (literary) to sell ‖ Alternative form of 價／价 (“price; value”) 賈 • (ga, go) · 賈 • (ga, go) (hangeul 가, 고, revised ga, go, McCune–Reischauer ka, ko, Yale ka, ko) Hán-Nôm : cổ • Hán-Nôm : giá • Hán-Nôm : giả • Hán-Nôm : giớ 賈
賑 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjɯnʔ, *tjɯns) : semantic 貝 (“money”) + phonetic 辰 (OC *djɯn) – having money, giving money (support). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zan³ • Middle-Chinese : tsyinX • Middle-Chinese : tsyinH flourish • be bustling • prosperity 賑 • (jin) · 賑 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin) 賑
賒 syaeH) that was more similar-sounding to the character, once appeared but never became popularized. \ The current form 賒 appeared as a vulgar form at the Ming-Qing transition and is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) with phonetic component 佘 that is similar-sounding to the character. \ According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m/s-laj ~ r/s-lej ~ b-rej (“to change, exchange, buy”) (whence also 移 (OC *lal, “change, alter”) & 易 (OC *leɡ, “change, exchange”)); if so, Chinese vocalism might have been influenced by superficially similar words like 舍 (OC *hljaːʔ, “to bestow, to give”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ 商 (OC *hljaŋ) is its derivative with terminative suffix *-ŋ; 貰 (OC), minimally reconstructed as *lhas ~ *m-las, is another with *-s > *-h extrovert suffix (ibid.). \ Thai แลก (lɛ̂ɛk)'s possible relation to 賒 (OC *hljaː) (ibid.) is through its cognate 易 (OC *leːɡs, *leɡ), wherefrom arose Thai แลก (lɛ̂ɛk), Lao ແລກ (lǣk), Shan လႅၵ်ႈ (lēk), Tai Nüa ᥘᥦᥐ (laek), & Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜀𑜫 (lik) (Pittayaporn, 2014) \ Lastly, Bodman (1980)) proposes cognacy to Tibetan གྱར་བ (gyar ba, “to borrow, to lend, to hire”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : se¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sia • Middle-Chinese : syae to buy and sell on credit • ^† to forgive • ^† distant; far • ^† (of time) long; long-standing • ^† sparse; rare • ^† slow canonical : 賒: Hán Việt readings: xa 賒: Nôm readings: xa far 賒
賬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taŋs) : semantic 貝 (“shell”) + phonetic 長 (OC *taŋʔ, *daŋ, *daŋs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàng account; bill • debt • (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet) account 賬 • (jang) · 賬 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang) 賬
賺 Originally as 𧸖. \ In the current form: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *r'eːms) : semantic 貝 + phonetic 兼 (OC *keːm, *keːms). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaam⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuán • Middle-Chinese : dreamH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan⁶ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tānn to make a profit • (regional) to earn (money) • to win; to get • (informal) profit ‖ (colloquial) to deceive; to fool; to cheat ‖ (Eastern Min, Southern Min, dialectal Wu) wrong; erroneous coax canonical : 賺: Hán Việt readings: khiếm • canonical : trám 賺
賽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slɯːɡs) : abbreviated phonetic 塞 (OC *slɯːɡs, *slɯːɡ) + semantic 貝 (“shell”). Cantonese · Jyutping : coi³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sài • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sè • Middle-Chinese : sojH to compete; to contend • competition; contest; race dice • temple visit 賽 (eumhun 굿할 새 (guthal sae)) Hán-Nôm : tái • Hán-Nôm : trại • Hán-Nôm : tày • Hán-Nôm : tầy • Hán-Nôm : táy 賽
贅 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 敖 (“ramble; travel”) + 貝 (“money”) – "money that goes away and ought to be taken back" – originally meaning a kind of collateral, or pawn. 贅 later was borrowed for sound to signify "belonging; attachment; linking", which is closer to the modern meaning of "superfluous". Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsè • Middle-Chinese : tsywejH unnecessary, superfluous • to marry into and live with one's wife's family ‖ 贅(ぜい) • (zei) ‖ 贅(ふすべ) • (fusube) ‖ luxury, extravagance ‖ (obsolete) lump, wart • (obsolete) mole, birthmark 贅 (eum 췌 (chwe)) Hán-Nôm : chuế • Hán-Nôm : xuế 贅
贍 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sim⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siām • Middle-Chinese : dzyemH to provide for; to support; to supply • (literary) sufficient; plentiful; rich • (of writing) rich; magnificent; knowledgeable 贍 • (seom) · 贍 • (seom) (hangeul 섬, revised seom, McCune–Reischauer sŏm, Yale sem) 贍
贏 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *leŋ) : phonetic 𣎆 () + semantic 貝 (“cowry; money”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng • Middle-Chinese : yeng to win; to triumph; to be victorious • to beat; to defeat (someone); to triumph over • to make a profit • (Gan, Xiang) Used with 不 or 得 to express capability. to contented • to win; to triumph • to gain (profit) • remainder 贏 • (yeong) · 贏 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, McCune–Reischauer yŏng, Yale yeng) Hán-Nôm : doanh 贏
贓 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Middle-Chinese : tsang booty, loot, stolen goods • to accept or take a bribe 贓 (eumhun 장물(贓物) 장) hanja form of 장 (“booty; loot; stolen goods”) Hán-Nôm : tang 贓
贖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦljoɡ) : semantic 貝 (“shell”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ); the phonetic was originally 𧷏 and has later become graphically similar to the unrelated 賣. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-lu-t-s (“to ransom; to buy off”); compare Tibetan བླུ (blu) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍k • Middle-Chinese : zyowk to redeem • to ransom 贖 • (sok) · 贖 • (sok) (hangeul 속, revised sok, McCune–Reischauer sok, Yale sok) washing away your sin, 속죄하다 • clearing your debt by offering money, wealth or effort, 속바치다 贖
贛 In the bronze script, it was attested as 𬔧, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 章 (“jade ornament”) + 丮 (“to hold”) – holding a jade ornament > “to bestow”. The 丮 component corrupts into 欠 or 次, and later to 夂 or a variant with 二 under 夂. An additional semantic component 貝 (“cowrie; money”) was often added. The 二 and 貝 components combine to form an emergent phonetic component 貢 (OC *koːŋs). \ Shuowen reinterprets it as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kluːmʔ, *kluːms, *kromʔ, *kloːms) : abbreviated phonetic 竷 (OC *kʰluːms) + semantic 貝 (“shell; money”), but this is not supported by earlier scripts. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàm • Middle-Chinese : komX • Middle-Chinese : komH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gung³ • Middle-Chinese : kuwngH (～江, ～水) Gan River (a river in Jiangxi, China) • Alternative name for 江西 (Jiāngxī, “Jiangxi, a province of China.”). • Gan; Gan Chinese ‖ to grant; to bestow • a surname Jiangxi province • various places in Jiangxi province 贛 (eumhun 줄 공 (jul gong)) · 贛 (eumhun 강 이름 감 (gang ireum gam)) · 贛 (eumhun 미련할 장 (miryeonhal jang)) canonical : 贛: Hán Việt readings: cống 贛
赧 ‖ Compare Zhuang nwnj (“inflammation on the skin”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naan⁵ • Middle-Chinese : nraenX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : naan³ (literary) blushing because of shame ‖ (Cantonese) inflammation on the skin resulting from an insect bite or an illness 赧 • (nan) · 赧 • (nan) (hangeul 난) Hán-Nôm : nấn • Hán-Nôm : noản • Hán-Nôm : nản • Hán-Nôm : nắn • Hán-Nôm : noãn 赧
赭 From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(j)a-n ⪤ *tsa-n (“red”) (STEDT); cognate with Burmese တာ (ta, “red”) (as in Burmese နီတာရဲ (nitarai:, “of loud red color”)) and Burmese တျာတျာ (tya-tya, “scarlet”). According to Schuessler (2007), 朱 (OC *tjo) may be related. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze² • Middle-Chinese : tsyaeX red soil • ochre dye • reddish brown; burnt ochre • to dye red • bare • Short for 赭衣 (zhěyī, “red clothing worn by convicts”). • to punish 赭 • (ja) · 赭 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca) canonical : 赭: Hán Việt readings: giả 赭: Nôm readings: đỏ chữ Hán form of giả (“red soil, ochre, reddish brown”). • Nôm form of đỏ (“red”). 赭
赳 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau² • Middle-Chinese : kjiwX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau² Used in 赳赳 (jiūjiū, “strong and valiant”); also used as its short form. • strong (of wind) ‖ Only used in 赳螑 (jiùxiù, “appearance of a dragon stretching its neck and moving in a wavelike manner”). strong and brave 赳 • (gyu) · 赳 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu) 赳
趕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːnʔ) : semantic 走 + phonetic 旱 (OC *ɡaːnʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gon² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuánn to overtake; to catch up with • to hurry; to rush • to try to catch (a bus, train, etc) • to drive (animal, vehicle) • to drive someone away; to chase away • to avail oneself of (an opportunity); happen to • (colloquial) until; till • (colloquial) rushed; hurried Hán-Nôm : cản • Hán-Nôm : kiển 趕
趙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ewʔ) : semantic 走 + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ewʔ) : semantic 走 + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiǒ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiǎu • Middle-Chinese : drjewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tiu⁵ (～國) an ancient city-state, now Hongdong County in Shanxi • (～國) Zhao, a later and larger state during the Warring States period of Chinese history • (obsolete) to run; to gallop; to move quickly • a surname, listed first in the Baijiaxing. It is the family name of the Song emperors • (neologism) of the Communist Party of China ‖ to weed the ground; to hoe 趙 • (jo) · 趙 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co) a surname Hán-Nôm : Triệu • Hán-Nôm : triệu Chữ Hán form of Triệu (“a surname from Chinese.”). 趙
趨 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlo) : semantic 走 + phonetic 芻 (OC *sʰro). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Middle-Chinese : tshju to walk quickly; to run • to hasten; to hurry • to pursue; to seek • to attach (oneself) to; to ingratiate oneself with • to tend towards; to approach • (historical) to quickly take small steps as a sign of respect to go towards, to run • to trend, to tend towards 趨 • (chu, chok) · 趨 • (chu, chok) (hangeul 추, 촉) canonical : 趨: Hán Việt readings: xu • canonical : xúc 趨: Nôm readings: so • canonical : xúc • canonical : xu • canonical : xô 趨
跆 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : toi⁴ • Middle-Chinese : doj trample trample 跆 (eum 태 (tae)) to trample • to kick Hán-Nôm : đài 跆
跎 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁴ • Middle-Chinese : da Used in 蹉跎 (cuōtuó). 跎 • (ta) · 跎 • (ta) (hangeul 타, revised ta, McCune–Reischauer t'a, Yale tha) 跎 (đà) 跎
跚 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : san • Middle-Chinese : san Used in 蹣跚／蹒跚 (pánshān). • to step on; to trample to stagger; to reel; to stumble 跚 • (san) · 跚 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san) Hán-Nôm : san 跚
践 tread • step on 践
跼 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : guk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : gjowk 跼 (eum 국 (guk)) 跼
踊 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng • Middle-Chinese : yowngX to mount; to ascend • (historical) shoes for people who have had part of their foot chopped off ‖ 踊(よう) • (yō) to dance • dance ‖ to dance • to jump about; to jump up 踊
踝 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡroːlʔ) : semantic 𧾷 (“foot”) + phonetic 果 (OC *kloːlʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa⁵ • Middle-Chinese : hwaeX ankle ankle • heel • exposed legs 踝 (eum 과 (gwa)) 踝
踟 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *de) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 知 (OC *ʔl'e). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁴ • Middle-Chinese : drje to walk back and forth • to hesitate 踟 • (ji) · 踟 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci) 踟
踪 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoŋ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 宗 (OC *ʔsuːŋ). footprint 踪 (eumhun 자취 종 (jachwi jong)) hanja form of 종 (“footprints, traces, tracks”) 踪
踫 踫
踴 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loŋʔ) : semantic 𧾷 (“foot”) + phonetic 勇 (OC *loŋʔ). \ Compare Khmer ប្លោង (plaong, “to leap over; to throw upward”) (Schuessler, 2007). Perhaps related to 逾 (OC *lo, “to exceed; to cross over”) and 溶 (OC *loŋ, “much water”) (ibid.). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng • Middle-Chinese : yowngX to jump upwards; to leap • (of prices) to go up; to rise Rare form of 踊. 踴 • (yong) · 踴 • (yong) (hangeul 용, revised yong, McCune–Reischauer yong, Yale yong) Hán-Nôm : dũng 踴
踵 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjoŋʔ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 重 (OC *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : dung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsíng • Middle-Chinese : tsyowngX heel • to follow • to visit; to call on ‖ 踵(かかと) • (kakato) ‖ 踵(くびいす) • (kubiisu) ^(←くびひす (kubifisu)?) ‖ 踵(くびす) • (kubisu) ‖ 踵(あくと) • (akuto) ‖ 踵(あぐと) • (aguto) ‖ heel ‖ the bottom of the foot; the heel ‖ heel ‖ heel ‖ heel 踵 (eumhun 발꿈치 종 (balkkumchi jong)) hanja form of 종 (“heel”) canonical : 踵: Hán Việt readings: chủng 踵
踹 ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshué ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dyun³ • Middle-Chinese : dzywenX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : twanH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun² ‖ to step on; to tread; to stamp • to kick (with the sole of the foot suddenly and forcefully) • (figurative, slang) to dump (a partner); to ditch ‖ heel (of the foot) ‖ foot • to stamp (foot) • to kick (with foot) ‖ calf (of the leg) ‖ (Cantonese) to step; to trample 踹 • (dan) · 踹 • (dan) (hangeul 단, revised dan, McCune–Reischauer tan, Yale tan) 踹
蹉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlaːl) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 差 (OC *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːls, *sʰral). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : co¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuê • Middle-Chinese : tsha to slip and fall • to err; to make a mistake • to step on; to trample • to pass by to trip, to stumble • to pass by 蹉 • (cha) · 蹉 • (cha) (hangeul 차, revised cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'a, Yale cha) 蹉 (tha, sa) 蹉
蹊 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hê • Middle-Chinese : hej ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khi (literary) footpath • to trample on; to cross; to traverse • footprint • path; way • Alternative form of 徯 (“to wait”) ‖ Used in 蹊蹺／蹊跷. path 蹊 • (hye) · 蹊 • (hye) (hangeul 혜, revised hye, McCune–Reischauer hye, Yale hyey) 蹊
蹙 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cuk¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsjuwk to knit (one's brows) • to approach; to close in on • to force; to compel • to shrink; to contract • urgent; critical • Alternative form of 蹴 (“to tread on; to kick”) knitting one's brows 蹙 • (chuk) · 蹙 • (chuk) (hangeul 축, revised chuk, McCune–Reischauer ch'uk, Yale chwuk) 蹙
蹣 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puânn • Middle-Chinese : ban • Middle-Chinese : man (used in compounds) limping; staggering 蹣 (eum 만 (man)) 蹣
蹤 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsloŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs, “follow”) Cantonese · Jyutping : zung¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Middle-Chinese : tsjowng footprint; trace; track footprint; trace; track • to follow • to release, to free 蹤 • (jong) · 蹤 • (jong) (hangeul 종, revised jong, McCune–Reischauer chong, Yale cong) canonical : 蹤: Hán Việt readings: tung 蹤: Nôm readings: tung chữ Hán form of tung (“footprint”). 蹤
蹶 ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai³ • Middle-Chinese : kjwejH • Middle-Chinese : kjwot • Middle-Chinese : kjwet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ to tumble; to fall down • to run • to fail • to step on; to tread on • rapidly; suddenly ‖ ‖ to tumble; to fall down • to defeat; to topple • to spring out 蹶 (eumhun 넘어질 궐 (neomeojil gwol)) ‖ 蹶 (eumhun 움직일 궤 (umjigil gwe)) hanja form of 궐 (“to stumble; to fall down”) ‖ (literary) hanja form of 궤 (“to move”) 蹶
蹺 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiau • Middle-Chinese : khjiew to raise one's foot 蹺 • (gyo) · 蹺 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo) Hán-Nôm : nghều 蹺
蹼 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *poːɡ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : buk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : puwk web; the membrane-like part between toes (of animals) 蹼 • (bok) · 蹼 • (bok) (hangeul 복, revised bok, McCune–Reischauer pok, Yale pok) 蹼
躂 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːd) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 達 (OC *tʰaːd, *daːd). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːd) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 達 (OC *tʰaːd, *daːd). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːd) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 達 (OC *tʰaːd, *daːd). Cantonese · Jyutping : taat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daat³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˋ • Middle-Chinese : that ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taat³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : taat¹ to stumble; to slip; to fall down ‖ Only used in 蹓躂／蹓跶. ‖ (onomatopoeia) footstep sound 躂
躅 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doɡ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doɡ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : drjowk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ Used in 躑躅／踯躅 (zhízhú). • ^† to step on • ^† footprint ‖ ^† footprint 躅 • (chok) · 躅 • (chok) (hangeul 촉, revised chok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ok, Yale chok) Hán-Nôm : trục Nôm: trục, xộc 躅
躇 ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thû • Middle-Chinese : drjo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : thu̍h to walk back and forth • to hesitate; to falter; to be undecided • to trample on ‖ to overstep; to pass over; to advance out of turn ‖ (Hokkien) impractical and stupid (often reduplicated) • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to move slowly; to dawdle; to dillydally 躇 • (jeo, chak) · 躇 • (jeo, chak) (hangeul 저, 착, revised jeo, chak, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, ch'ak, Yale ce, chak) Hán-Nôm : chứa 躇
躉 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dan² ‖ wholesale • to buy wholesale; to hoard for speculation ‖ (Cantonese) foundation; support (of an object) • (Cantonese, euphemistic) buttocks; bottom; behind • (Cantonese) to place; to put • (Cantonese) Classifier for buildings. 躉 • (don) · 躉 • (don) (hangeul 돈, revised don, McCune–Reischauer ton, Yale ton) 躉
躊 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiûnn • Middle-Chinese : drjuw Used in 躊躇／踌躇 (chóuchú), etc. 躊 • (ju) · 躊 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu) 躊
躑 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deɡ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 鄭 (OC *deŋs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik⁶ • Middle-Chinese : drjek Used in 躑躅／踯躅 (zhízhú). • ^† to kick • ^† to jump • ^‡ foot filth, Alternative form of 蹢 to squat; to crouch 躑 • (cheok) · 躑 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek) Hán-Nôm : trịch 躑
躡 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *neb) : semantic 𧾷 (“foot”) + phonetic 聶 (OC *neb). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : neeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : neh • Middle-Chinese : nrjep to walk on tiptoe; to lighten one's steps • to follow • (literary) to tread; to trample; to step on • (literary) to put on (shoes) 躡 • (seop) · 躡 • (seop) (hangeul 섭, revised seop, McCune–Reischauer sŏp, Yale sep) 躡
躪 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁶ 躪 (eumhun 짓밟을 린 (jitbalbeul rin), word-initial (South Korea) 짓밟을 인 (jitbalbeul in)) hanja form of 린 (“to trample”) 躪
軀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰo) : semantic 身 (“body”) + phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo) \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kəw (“body; chest; thorax; corpse”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan སྐུ (sku, “body”) and Burmese ကိုယ် (kuiy, “body”). ‖ Probably the same as etymology 1 (Hsu, 2019). Lin (2007) considers it to be a contraction of 身軀／身躯 (sin-khu). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khi • Middle-Chinese : khju ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : su human body ‖ (Hokkien) body • (Hokkien) Classifier for sets of clothing. ‖ body ‖ 軀 (eumhun 몸 구 (mom gu)) hanja form of 구 (“body”) 軀
軋 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qriːd) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 乙 (OC *qriɡ) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qriːd) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 乙 (OC *qriɡ) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qriːd) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 乙 (OC *qriɡ) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qriːd) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 乙 (OC *qriɡ) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qriːd) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 乙 (OC *qriɡ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : at • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ah • Middle-Chinese : 'eat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaat³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsat ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : a̍h ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kauh to crush by weight • to oust; to squeeze out • (onomatopoeia) sound of a machine running • a surname: Ya ‖ (dialectal) to jostle; to push against; to squeeze together • (dialectal) to associate with • (dialectal) to check ‖ to roll (steel) ‖ (Hokkien) to tip over and crush something ‖ (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to crush; to run over; to roll flat (of or by a car) squeak • creak • grate 軋 • (al) · 軋 • (al) (hangeul 알, revised al, McCune–Reischauer al, Yale al) Hán-Nôm : ca • Hán-Nôm : loát • Hán-Nôm : yết 軋
軔 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līm • Middle-Chinese : nyinH brake block that keeps wheel from moving 軔 • (in) · 軔 • (in) (hangeul 인, revised in, McCune–Reischauer in, Yale in) a piece of wood serving as a brake to halt a carriage 軔
軛 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːɡ) : semantic 車 (“chariot”) + phonetic 厄 (OC *qreːɡ, “yoke”) – specialized form of 厄. \ Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔik (“to strangle”), whence also 縊 (OC *qleːɡs, *qleɡs, “to strangle”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : eh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iak • Middle-Chinese : 'eak yoke • to restrain; to control 軛
軻 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ho² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kho • Middle-Chinese : kha • Middle-Chinese : khaX • Middle-Chinese : khaH 軻 • (ga) · 軻 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka, Yale ka) 軻
軼 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jat⁶ • Middle-Chinese : yit to surpass; to excel • to invade; to attack • (alt. form 佚, 逸) scattered; lost • Alternative form of 逸 (yì, “leisurely”) • Alternative form of 溢 (yì, “to overflow”) 軼 • (il) · 軼 • (il) (hangeul 일, revised il, McCune–Reischauer il, Yale il) 軼
軾 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljɯɡ) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 式 (OC *hljɯɡ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Middle-Chinese : syik horizontal wooden bar in front of a sedan chair • to hold onto the horizontal wooden bar in front of a sedan chair 軾 • (sik) · 軾 • (sik) (hangeul 식, revised sik, McCune–Reischauer sik, Yale sik) 軾
輊 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsì • Middle-Chinese : trijH Hán-Nôm : trất • Hán-Nôm : chí 輊
輒 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teb) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 耴 (OC *ŋrid, *teb). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiap • Middle-Chinese : trjep then • at once • always • (archaic) the luggage rack on a chariot promptly, easily • that is, i.e. 輒 (eum 첩 (cheop)) Hán-Nôm : triếp 輒
輓 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *monʔ, *mons) : semantic 車 + phonetic 免 (OC *mronʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buán • Middle-Chinese : mjonX • Middle-Chinese : mjonH to pull; to draw • to mourn; to lament (a death) • Alternative form of 晚 (wǎn) 輓 • (man) · 輓 • (man) (hangeul 만, revised man, McCune–Reischauer man, Yale man) Hán-Nôm : vãn 輓
輔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baʔ) : semantic 車 + phonetic 甫 (OC *paʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hù • Middle-Chinese : bjuX (obsolete) protective wooden bars that helped prevent a carriage from overturning • (literary) cheek • to assist • (historical) area near the capital cheek, cheekbone • assist 輔 (eum 보 (bo)) Hán-Nôm : phụ 輔
輛 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raŋs) : semantic 車 (“vehicle”) + phonetic 兩 (OC *raŋʔ, *raŋs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáng Classifier for wheeled vehicles. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier ‖ ‖ 輛 • (ryang>yang) · 輛 • (ryang>yang) (hangeul 량>양, revised ryang>yang, McCune–Reischauer ryang>yang, Yale lyang>yang) Hán-Nôm : lượng • Hán-Nôm : lưỡng • Hán-Nôm : lẫng 輛
輜 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Middle-Chinese : tsrhi (rare) A carriage that has a covered roof • (literary) A carriage with a cover on it 輜 • (chi) · 輜 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi) 輜
輟 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tods, *tod) : semantic 車 (“carriage; chariot”) + phonetic 叕 (OC *tod). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan, as a cognate of 駐 (OC *tos) with *-t/*-d causative suffix (Jin, 2004). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut⁶ • Middle-Chinese : trjwejH • Middle-Chinese : trjwet to stop; to suspend; to halt 輟 (eum 철 (cheol)) Hán-Nôm : chuyết • Hán-Nôm : xoẹt • Hán-Nôm : xuyết 輟
輦 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lin⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lián • Middle-Chinese : ljenX handcart • imperial carriage • to transport by carriage • (Southern Min) wheel 輦 (eum 련 (ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 연 (yeon)) Hán-Nôm : lén • Hán-Nôm : lẻn • Hán-Nôm : liễn • Hán-Nôm : rịn 輦
輯 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zib) : semantic 車 + phonetic 咠 (OC *ʔsib, *sʰib). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cap¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tship • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsip • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsi̍p • Middle-Chinese : dzip to gather up; to collect • to edit; to compile • Classifier for parts or volumes of a book or other literary work. 輯 • (jip) · 輯 • (jip) (hangeul 집, revised jip, McCune–Reischauer chip, Yale cip) Hán-Nôm : tập 輯
輻 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hok • Middle-Chinese : pjuwH • Middle-Chinese : pjuwk spokes of a wheel • Alternative form of 輹／𰺓 輻 (eum 복 (bok)) · 輻 (eum 폭 (pok)) Hán-Nôm : phúc • Hán-Nôm : bức 輻
輾 * Etymology 1: Corrupted from 𨋚: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ndens, *tenʔ) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 㞋 (). \ * Etymology 2: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ndens, *tenʔ) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 展 (OC *tenʔ, *tens) ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin² • Middle-Chinese : nrjenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lìn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tián • Middle-Chinese : trjenX Alternative form of 碾 (niǎn, “to crush (something) flat with a wheel; to run over”) ‖ Used in 輾轉／辗转 (zhǎnzhuǎn, “to toss and turn”). • a surname 輾 • (jeon) · 輾 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen) 輾
轂 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : guk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kok • Middle-Chinese : kuwk hub of a wheel • wheel • chariot; cart 轂 (eum 곡 (gok)) Hán-Nôm : cốc 轂
轅 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷan) : semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 袁 (OC *ɢʷan). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uân • Middle-Chinese : hjwon shaft 轅 • (won) · 轅 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen) axle • magistrate's office Hán-Nôm : viên 轅
轍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ded) : semantic 車 (“wagon”) + abbreviated phonetic 徹 (OC *tʰed) – wagon tracks. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cit³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍t • Middle-Chinese : drjet wagon ruts; wheel tracks • path • way; method • rhyme ‖ 轍(わだち) • (wadachi) ‖ 轍(てつ) • (tetsu) ‖ a wheel furrow, track, or rut ‖ a wheel furrow, track, or rut • another person's mistake, a prior example (generally negative) 轍 • (cheol) · 轍 • (cheol) (hangeul 철, revised cheol, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏl, Yale chel) Hán-Nôm : triệt 轍
轎 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrew, *ɡrews) : semantic 車 + phonetic 喬 (OC *krew, *ɡrew). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiau • Middle-Chinese : gjew • Middle-Chinese : gjewH bamboo carriage • sedan chair; palanquin (Classifier: 頂／顶 c) palanquin • litter 轎 • (gyo) · 轎 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo) palanquin • sedan chair Hán-Nôm : kiệu 轎
轔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rin, *rins) : semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 粦 (OC *rins). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁶ • Middle-Chinese : lin • Middle-Chinese : linH (Classical) sound of rumbling of wheels • (Classical) threshold; doorsill; doorstep • (Classical) wheel rumbling of vehicles • threshold 轔 • (rin>in) · 轔 • (rin>in) (hangeul 린>인, revised rin>in, McCune–Reischauer rin>in, Yale lin>in) rumbling of vehicles • wheel • tread 轔
轟 Triplication of 車 (“cart”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing • Middle-Chinese : xweang • Middle-Chinese : xweangH (onomatopoeia) bang; boom • to rumble; to explode; to blast • to shoo away; to expel roar • thunder • boom • resound 轟 (eumhun 울릴 굉 (ullil goeng)) hanja form of 굉 (“roar; thunder; boom”) Hán-Nôm : huênh • Hán-Nôm : oanh • Hán-Nôm : oang • Hán-Nôm : oàng 轟
轡 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 絲 (“rope”) + 軎 (“carriage part”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pì • Middle-Chinese : pijH bridle of horse • reins ‖ 轡(くつわ) • (kutsuwa) ‖ bit (metal in horse's mouth) 轡 (eumhun 고삐 비 (goppi bi)) Hán-Nôm : bí 轡
辞 ‖ speech • to quit ‖ 辞
辦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *breːns) : phonetic 辡 (OC *prenʔ, *brenʔ) + semantic 力 (“strength”). \ Cognate with Tibetan བྲེལ་བ (brel ba, “to be employed; busy”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pān • Middle-Chinese : beanH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : baan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pān to deal with; to handle; to manage; to take care of • to prepare; to get something ready • to process; to obtain (e.g. a visa/passport) • to set up; to run • to bring to justice; to punish • (only in compounds) Short for 辦公室／办公室 (bàngōngshì, “office”). • (euphemistic) to kill off; to murder ‖ (Cantonese, Southern Min) sample; specimen (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (Cantonese) template manage • do • handle • deal with 辦 (eumhun 힘들일 판 (himdeuril pan)) ‖ 辦 (eum 변 (byeon)) manage • do • handle • deal with ‖ Hán-Nôm : biện • Hán-Nôm : bạn (only in compound biện pháp) chữ Hán form of biện (“to handle, to do; to prepare”). 辦
辮 Exopassive of 編 (OC *pen, *peːn, *peːnʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bin¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piǎn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pīnn • Middle-Chinese : benX braid; plait • braid-like object 辮 (eum 변 (byeon)) Hán-Nôm : biện • Hán-Nôm : bện 辮
迥 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwing² • Middle-Chinese : hwengX distant; far • drastically different; far different • (literary) remote place • (literary) tall • (literary) totally; completely far • distant 迥 • (hyeong) · 迥 • (hyeong) (hangeul 형, revised hyeong, McCune–Reischauer hyŏng, Yale hyeng) canonical : 迥: Hán Việt readings: huýnh 迥: Hán Nôm readings: huýnh • canonical : quánh • canonical : huếnh • canonical : quýnh 迥
迦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ka, *kal, *kraːl) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ka, *kal, *kraːl) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khia • Middle-Chinese : kja • Middle-Chinese : kae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ Used in transcription. ‖ Alternative form of 邂 (xiè) Used phonetically. 迦 • (ga) · 迦 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka, Yale ka) Hán-Nôm : già • Hán-Nôm : dà • Hán-Nôm : ca 迦
迴 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwoj • Middle-Chinese : hwojH to revolve; to rotate • to avoid • winding; tortuous • Alternative form of 回 (huí, “to return; to go back”) rotate • revolve • pin • go around 迴 • (hoe) · 迴 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy) Hán-Nôm : hồi 迴
迺 For pronunciation and definitions of 迺 – see 乃 (“you, your; be; etc.”). \ (This character is a variant form of 乃). Hokkien · Tai-lo : se̍h (Hokkien) Alternative form of 踅 迺 • (nae) · 迺 • (nae) (hangeul 내, revised nae, McCune–Reischauer nae, Yale nay) 迺
逅 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːs) : semantic 辵 + phonetic 后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs). \ Cognate with 遘 (OC *koːs, *koːs, “to meet”)，覯 (OC *koːs, “to come across”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄡˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hau⁶ • Middle-Chinese : huwH Only used in 邂逅 (xièhòu). 逅 • (hu) · 逅 • (hu) (hangeul 후, revised hu, McCune–Reischauer hu, Yale hwu) 逅
逍 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu¹ • Middle-Chinese : sjew Used in 逍遙／逍遥 (xiāoyáo). 逍 (eumhun 거닐 소 (geonil so)) hanja form of 소 (“wander”) Hán-Nôm : tiêu 逍
逕 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaang³ • Middle-Chinese : kengH (alt. form 徑) small path • to go to; to reach • (literary, of water) to flow through • directly • (archaic) diameter path; route 逕 • (gyeong) · 逕 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng) Hán-Nôm : kính 逕
逖 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Middle-Chinese : thek far, distant • keep at a distance Run away, disappear, bend to the side, move to the side to avoid. • Far in distance. 逖 (eum 적 (jeok)) Hán-Nôm : địch 逖
這 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋrans) : semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 言 (OC *ŋan). \ The character was originally a verb meaning “to meet”, whose modern pronunciation is yàn. It was later borrowed for the proximal demonstrative “this/here”, by a confusion in medieval handwriting with 遮 (zhē, “this”). \ First attested in the Tang dynasty; etymology unclear. Proposed etymologies: \ * From 者 (OC *tjaːʔ, “one which”) (Lü, 1985). Wang (1990) notes that 者 always occurs after what is referred to, where as 這 always before. \ *: 者 (OC *tjaːʔ, “one which”) > 者 (MC tsyaeX, “this (possessive case)”) > 者 (MC tsyaeX, “this (general demonstrative)”) > Mandarin 這／这 (zhè). \ * From 之 (OC *tjɯ, “this; it”) (Wang, 1990). Norman (1988) notes that this derivation would be phonologically problematic. ‖ Original meaning of this character. It is part of the 迎 (OC *ŋaŋ, *ŋraŋs, “to face, to meet”) word family; see there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tse • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiá ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gān • Middle-Chinese : ngjenH this; these • Synonym of 這樣／这样 (“like this; such”) • at this moment; right away; at once • here • Used before words for insults to add emphasis. • filler particle usually used when the speaker is tongue-tied. • meaningless particle in a sentence. ‖ (obsolete) to welcome; to greet; to receive crawl, creep, grovel • this 這 (eumhun 이 저 (i jeo)) ‖ 這 (eumhun 맞을 언 (majeul eon)) hanja form of 저 (“this; that”) [affix] ‖ hanja form of 언 (“to greet”) [only in Chinese] Hán-Nôm : giá • Hán-Nôm : gió 這
逵 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷrɯw) : semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 坴 (OC *m·ruɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gwij (literary) thoroughfare; crossroads 逵 • (gyu) · 逵 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu) 逵
遁 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'uːnʔ, *l'uːns) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 盾 (OC *l'uːnʔ, *ɦljunʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deon⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dwonX • Middle-Chinese : dwonH to escape; to flee; to evade • to hide away; to conceal oneself ‖ 遁(のがれ) • (nogare) to escape, to run away ‖ an escape, a dodge, avoidance, evasion 遁 • (dun, don) · 遁 • (dun, don) (hangeul 둔, 돈, revised dun, don, McCune–Reischauer tun, ton, Yale twun, ton) Hán-Nôm : độn • Hán-Nôm : rộn • Hán-Nôm : trốn • Hán-Nôm : dọn • Hán-Nôm : nhộn • Hán-Nôm : trộn • Hán-Nôm : tuần 遁
遐 From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gra (“long (period of time)”). Cognate with Burmese ကြာ (kra, “be a long time (since)”). ‖ Possibly a contraction of 彼搭 (hit-tah). Compare 遮 (chiâ / chia / chiô / chiah). ‖ Possibly a contraction of 彼搭 (hit-tah). Compare 遮 (chiâ / chia / chiô / chiah). ‖ Possibly a contraction of 彼搭 (hit-tah). Compare 遮 (chiâ / chia / chiô / chiah). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hêe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hēe • Middle-Chinese : hae ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiô ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiah far; distant • long-lasting • (obsolete) why; how ‖ (Hokkien) there ‖ (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) that; those ‖ (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien, degree) so; that • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) final question particle expressing doubt distant 遐 • (ha) · 遐 • (ha) (hangeul 하, revised ha, McCune–Reischauer ha, Yale ha) Hán-Nôm : hà 遐
遑 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwang (literary) free time; leisure; spare time • hurried; hasty • how; how can (in rhetorical questions) • Alternative form of 徨 (huáng) • Alternative form of 惶 (huáng, “frightened; terrified”) ‖ be at great leisure • be anxious ‖ 遑 • (hwang) · 遑 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang) 遑
遘 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːs, *koːs) : semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 冓 (OC *koː, *koːs). \ Compare Proto-Tibeto-Burman *gow ~ *gaw, whence Jingpho gau (kau³³, “cross over”), Burmese ကူး (ku:, “to cross over”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007). \ In Chinese, cognate with 覯 (OC *koːs, “to come across”), 姤 (OC *koːs, “gou (hexagram of the I Ching)”). Possible allofams in Chinese include 冓 (OC *koːs) in 中冓 (OC *tuŋ koː, “inner chamber”) and 購 (OC *koːs, “to award”). Compare 遇 (OC *ŋos, “to meet”). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kòo • Middle-Chinese : kuwH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàu ^† to meet; to encounter • Alternative form of 構／构 (gòu, “to create; to form”) ‖ (Min) Alternative form of 到 (dào) 遘 • (gu) · 遘 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu) 遘
遨 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːw) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 敖 (OC *ŋaːw, “ramble”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Middle-Chinese : ngaw to roam; to ramble; to travel for pleasure • (Southern Min) to spin; to rotate 遨 • (o) · 遨 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o) 遨
遴 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˋ • Middle-Chinese : linH (literary) to select; to choose carefully • a surname ‖ (obsolete) difficult (especially of travel) • Alternative form of 吝 (lìn, “stingy”) align • select • hesitate 遴 • (rin>in) · 遴 • (rin>in) (hangeul 린>인, revised rin>in, McCune–Reischauer rin>in, Yale lin>in) Hán-Nôm : lận 遴
遼 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːw) : semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 尞 (). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Middle-Chinese : lew distant; far • ^† long; prolonged • (～朝) Liao or Khitan dynasty (907-1125) • (～河, ～水) Liao (a river in Northeast China) • Short for 遼寧／辽宁 (Liáoníng, “Liaoning Province of China”). ‖ 遼(りょう) • (Ryō) ^(←れう (reu)?) faraway ‖ a male given name 遼 • (ryo>yo) · 遼 • (ryo>yo) (hangeul 료>요, revised ryo>yo, McCune–Reischauer ryo>yo, Yale lyo>yo) Hán-Nôm : liêu 遼
遽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡas) : semantic 辵 + phonetic 豦 (OC *kas, *ɡa). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kīr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kī • Middle-Chinese : gjoH ‖ post chariot or horse • hurriedly • suddenly • to be afraid • a surname ‖ (Hakka) fast; quick 遽 • (geo) · 遽 • (geo) (hangeul 거, revised geo, McCune–Reischauer kŏ, Yale ke) Hán-Nôm : cự 遽
邁 ;“mile; kilometer per hour” Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : māi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mai • Middle-Chinese : maejH to go on a long journey • to stride; to take a step • to pass by; to surpass • old; elderly • mile • (colloquial) kilometer per hour • Alternative form of 勱／劢 (mài) • a surname 邁 • (mae) · 邁 • (mae) (hangeul 매, revised mae, McCune–Reischauer mae, Yale may) Hán-Nôm : mại • Hán-Nôm : mời • Hán-Nôm : mười 邁
邂 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreːs) : semantic 辵 + phonetic 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁵ • Middle-Chinese : heaH Only used in 邂逅 (xièhòu). meet unexpectedly 邂 • (hae) · 邂 • (hae) (hangeul 해, revised hae, McCune–Reischauer hae, Yale hay) 邂
邇 From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-naːj ~ s-nej (“near”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan ཉེ་བ (nye ba, “near”), Mizo hnai (“near”), Jingpho ni (ni³¹, “near”), Burmese နီး (ni:, “bear near; be close”), 暱 (OC *niɡ, “intimate; close”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄦˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ní • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jínn • Middle-Chinese : nyeX near; close • to approach; to come close to • shallow; easy to understand approach • near, close 邇 • (i) · 邇 • (i) (hangeul 이, McCune–Reischauer i, Yale i) 邇
邏 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːl, *raːls) : phonetic 羅 (OC *raːl) + semantic 辶 (“walk”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Middle-Chinese : laH to patrol; to inspect; to watch • patrol; vigil; guard 邏 • (ra>na) · 邏 • (ra>na) (hangeul 라>나, revised ra>na, McCune–Reischauer ra>na, Yale la>na) Hán-Nôm : la • Hán-Nôm : lạ 邏
邐 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁵ • Middle-Chinese : ljeX meandering • winding 邐 • (ri>i) · 邐 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i) get joined on, be continued • continuous and meandering (as mountains, roads, etc.) canonical : 邐: Hán Việt readings: lí • canonical : lệ • canonical : lị 邐: Nôm readings: lí chữ Hán form of lí (“meandering”). 邐
邕 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'jowng Alternative form of 雍 (yōng, “harmony; harmonious”) • Alternative form of 壅 (“to obstruct”) • (literary) former name of Nanning 邕 • (ong) · 邕 • (ong) (hangeul 옹, revised ong, McCune–Reischauer ong, Yale ong) Hán-Nôm : ung 邕
邢 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hîng • Middle-Chinese : heng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥˇ a surname • name of ancient state situated in modern-day Hebei province ‖ Synonym of 耿: a place in modern Henan or Shanxi 邢 • (hyeong) · 邢 • (hyeong) (hangeul 형, revised hyeong, McCune–Reischauer hyŏng, Yale hyeng) Hán-Nôm : hình 邢
邱 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷɯ) : phonetic 丘 (OC *kʰʷɯ) + semantic 邑 (“city; town”) \ This character originated from the naming taboo of Confucius, 孔丘 (Kǒng Qiū). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khu • Middle-Chinese : khjuw Alternative form of 丘 (“mound; dune; hill”) • a surname 邱 • (gu) · 邱 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu) Hán-Nôm : khâu • Hán-Nôm : khưu 邱
邵 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djews) : phonetic 召 (OC *dews, *djews) + semantic 阝. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siō • Middle-Chinese : dzyewH Name of various places in Ancient China. • Short for 邵陽／邵阳 (Shàoyáng, “Shaoyang”). • (～族) Thao people (a Taiwanese aborigine ethnic group, from Thao Thau) • a surname • (Eastern Min) to praise, appreciate • (Eastern Min) to brag • (Eastern Min) to admire 邵 (eum 소 (so)) Hán-Nôm : nghẹo • Hán-Nôm : thiệt 邵
鄉 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𠨍 (“two people facing each other”) + 皀 (“a round-mouthed food vessel”) – to feast; the original script of 饗 (OC *qʰaŋʔ). The sense "village" was a result of phonetic borrowing or semantic shifting. \ In early writing, the character was virtually indistinguishable from 卿 (OC *kʰraŋ). Semantically, 卿 (OC *kʰraŋ, “elder; leader”) and 鄉 (OC *qʰaŋ, “community; district; village”), likely cognates too, were both represented by the event depicted in the ideogram – 饗 (OC *qʰaŋʔ, “ritual feasting”), which was central to the community life (Yang, 1965). \ The right half is unrelated to 郎, as 良 in 鄉 was derived from 皀 during the formation of the clerical script. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𠨍 (“two people facing each other”) + 皀 (“a round-mouthed food vessel”) – to feast; the original script of 饗 (OC *qʰaŋʔ). The sense "village" was a result of phonetic borrowing or semantic shifting. \ In early writing, the character was virtually indistinguishable from 卿 (OC *kʰraŋ). Semantically, 卿 (OC *kʰraŋ, “elder; leader”) and 鄉 (OC *qʰaŋ, “community; district; village”), likely cognates too, were both represented by the event depicted in the ideogram – 饗 (OC *qʰaŋʔ, “ritual feasting”), which was central to the community life (Yang, 1965). \ The right half is unrelated to 郎, as 良 in 鄉 was derived from 皀 during the formation of the clerical script. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𠨍 (“two people facing each other”) + 皀 (“a round-mouthed food vessel”) – to feast; the original script of 饗 (OC *qʰaŋʔ). The sense "village" was a result of phonetic borrowing or semantic shifting. \ In early writing, the character was virtually indistinguishable from 卿 (OC *kʰraŋ). Semantically, 卿 (OC *kʰraŋ, “elder; leader”) and 鄉 (OC *qʰaŋ, “community; district; village”), likely cognates too, were both represented by the event depicted in the ideogram – 饗 (OC *qʰaŋʔ, “ritual feasting”), which was central to the community life (Yang, 1965). \ The right half is unrelated to 郎, as 良 in 鄉 was derived from 皀 during the formation of the clerical script. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiang • Middle-Chinese : xjang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoeng³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˇ township • countryside; country; rural area • one's native place • place • state; situation • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 嚮／向 ‖ Alternative form of 饗／飨 (xiǎng) hometown 鄉 • (hyang) · 鄉 • (hyang) (hangeul 향, revised hyang, McCune–Reischauer hyang, Yale hyang) alternative form of 鄕 Hán-Nôm : hương 鄉
鄒 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsru) : phonetic 芻 (OC *sʰro) + semantic 邑 (“city; state”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsau • Middle-Chinese : tsrjuw (historical) Zou (an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty) • (～族) Tsou (a Taiwanese aborigine ethnic group, borrowed from Tsou Cou) • a surname 鄒 (eum 추 (chu)) Hán-Nôm : trâu 鄒
鄧 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dɯːŋs) : phonetic 登 (OC *tɯːŋ) + semantic 阝 (“city”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīng • Middle-Chinese : dongH The name of an ancient kingdom. • a surname 鄧 (eum 등 (deung)) Hán-Nôm : đặng • Hán-Nôm : đẵng • Hán-Nôm : đựng • Hán-Nôm : nựng • Hán-Nôm : dằng • Hán-Nôm : dựng • Hán-Nôm : đắng • Hán-Nôm : rặng chữ Hán form of Đặng (“a surname”). 鄧
鄭 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deŋs) : phonetic 奠 (OC *diːŋs) + semantic 邑. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tēnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīng • Middle-Chinese : drjengH (historical) Zheng (a former state in modern-day Henan, during the Zhou dynasty) • Used in 鄭重／郑重 (zhèngzhòng, “solemn”). • a surname courteous • (historical) Zheng 鄭 (eumhun 나라 이름 정 (nara ireum jeong)) · 鄭 (eumhun 성씨 정 (seongssi jeong)) (historical) A former state in modern-day Henan • a surname Hán-Nôm : trịnh • Hán-Nôm : Trịnh chữ Hán form of trịnh (“solemn”). • chữ Hán form of Trịnh (“a surname”). 鄭
鄱 ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bo³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : po⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ba ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ ‖ ‖ 鄱 • (pa) · 鄱 • (pa) (hangeul 파) 鄱
酊 ‖ Derived from Latin tinctura. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tíng • Middle-Chinese : tengX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding¹ Only used in 酩酊 (mǐngdǐng, “heavily intoxicated”). ‖ tincture 酊 • (jeong) · 酊 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng) 酊
酋 Pictogram (象形) : Some exposed liquid (八) above an alcohol vessel (酉). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siû • Middle-Chinese : dzjuw chief of a tribe, chieftain • superintendent of the preparation of liquors chief, leader 酋 • (chu) · 酋 • (chu) (hangeul 추, revised chu, McCune–Reischauer ch'u, Yale chwu) Hán-Nôm : tù 酋
酩 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîng • Middle-Chinese : mengX Only used in 酩酊 (mǐngdǐng) and 酩子裡／酩子里. 酩 • (myeong) · 酩 • (myeong) (hangeul 명, revised myeong, McCune–Reischauer myŏng, Yale myeng) Hán-Nôm : mỉnh 酩
醃 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jip³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : am • Middle-Chinese : 'jem • Middle-Chinese : 'jaem to salt; to pickle; to cure • to marinate 醃 • (eom) · 醃 • (eom) (hangeul 엄, McCune–Reischauer ŏm, Yale em) 醃
醞 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan³ • Middle-Chinese : 'junX • Middle-Chinese : 'junH (literary) to ferment an alcoholic beverage • (literary) wine liquor • spirits • wine • fermentation 醞 • (on) · 醞 • (on) (hangeul 온, revised on, McCune–Reischauer on, Yale on) brew • harmony 醞
醣 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 酉 (“oxygenated functional group”) + phonetic 唐. 酉 is a common component in other organic compounds with oxygen, such as 醇 (chún, “alcohol”), 醛 (quán, “aldehyde”) and 酮 (tóng, “ketone”). 醣
醬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaŋs) : phonetic 將 (OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs) + semantic 酉 (“drink”). \ Possibly from 漿 (OC *[ts]aŋ) with *-s suffix (cf. Baxter and Sagart's (2014) reconstruction). ‖ Borrowed from Japanese ちゃん (-chan). ‖ Contraction of 這樣／这样 (zhèyàng) (Zhao and Fang, 2015). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiùnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiònn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàng • Middle-Chinese : tsjangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˋ sauce or paste made of fermented beans, flour, etc. • thick sauce; jam • to cook in soy sauce • (Hong Kong Cantonese) Short for 花生醬. ‖ (ACG, Internet slang) -chan ‖ (Taiwan, Malaysia or Internet slang) (in) this way • (Malaysia) then; in that case a kind of miso • any jam-like or paste-like food 醬 (eumhun 젓갈 장 (jeotgal jang)) any jam-like or paste-like food canonical : 醬: Hán Việt readings: tương 醬: Nôm readings: tương chữ Hán form of tương (“sauce”). 醬
醺 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰun) : semantic 酉 + phonetic 熏 (OC *qʰun). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan¹ • Middle-Chinese : xjun to be drunk; to intoxicate with alcohol hunger 醺
釀 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liāng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nn̄g • Middle-Chinese : nrjangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liông to brew; to ferment • (of bees) to make (honey) • to lead to; to result in • to stuff (a stuffing made of meat, fish, shrimp, etc.) into a vegetable, tofu, etc. and fry or steam • wine; liquor ‖ Only used in 酒釀／酒酿 (jiǔniáng), alternative form of 酒娘 釀 • (yang) · 釀 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang) Hán-Nôm : nhưỡng • Hán-Nôm : nưỡng • Hán-Nôm : nẫng • Hán-Nôm : nãng 釀
釁 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hìn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hùn • Middle-Chinese : xinH (historical) blood rite, in which the blood of a sacrifice is smeared upon an object • (historical) blood rite, in which the blood of a sacrifice is smeared upon an object · (archaic) to smear (with blood) • (archaic) crack; rift • dispute; quarrel; feud • a surname to smear with blood 釁 • (heun) · 釁 • (heun) (hangeul 흔, revised heun, McCune–Reischauer hŭn, Yale hun) Hán-Nôm : hấn • Hán-Nôm : hắn 釁
釉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lɯwɢs) : semantic 采 (“color”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iu glaze pottery glaze 釉 • (yu) · 釉 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu) Hán-Nôm : dứu 釉
釐 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯ) : phonetic 𠩺 () + semantic 里. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯ) : phonetic 𠩺 () + semantic 里. Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴⁻¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Middle-Chinese : li ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ centi- (SI unit prefix) • cash, a unit of weight, equal to one tenth of a 分 (fēn, “candareen”) • 0.001 dollars, yuan, etc.; 0.1 cents, fen, etc. (currency unit) • unit of monthly interest (0.01%), unit of annual interest (1%) • Alternative form of 嫠 (lí) ‖ Alternative form of 禧 (xǐ, “auspicious; lucky”) • a surname few • one tenth of a bu 釐 (eumhun 고칠 리 (gochil ri), word-initial (South Korea) 고칠 이 (gochil i)) ‖ 釐 (eumhun 제육 희 (jeyuk hui)) ‖ 釐 (eumhun 보리 래 (bori rae), word-initial (South Korea) 보리 내 (bori nae)) manage, control • 1/1000 of a foot ‖ ‖ Hán-Nôm : li • Hán-Nôm : ly 釐
釗 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ziu¹ • Middle-Chinese : kew • Middle-Chinese : tsyew (literary) to encourage • a surname 釗 • (soe) · 釗 • (soe) (hangeul 쇠, revised soe, McCune–Reischauer soe, Yale soy) Hán-Nôm : chiêu 釗
釘 Characters in the same phonetic series (丁) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːŋ, *teːŋs) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ). \ Some theorize that 丁 (OC *teːŋ) originally meant “nail”. After subsequently losing this original meaning, the character 釘／钉 was created to represent “nail” with the semantic element 金 (“metal”) added. \ Related to 定 (OC *teːŋs, *deːŋs) (Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Pronunciation 2 is a denominal verb derivation of pronunciation 1. \ ; “to die” ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (丁) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːŋ, *teːŋs) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ). \ Some theorize that 丁 (OC *teːŋ) originally meant “nail”. After subsequently losing this original meaning, the character 釘／钉 was created to represent “nail” with the semantic element 金 (“metal”) added. \ Related to 定 (OC *teːŋs, *deːŋs) (Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Pronunciation 2 is a denominal verb derivation of pronunciation 1. \ ; “to die” Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ting • Middle-Chinese : teng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìng • Middle-Chinese : tengH (obsolete, rare) gold slab • nail (spike-shaped fastener) • body piercing • to monitor; to urge • Alternative form of 盯 (dīng, “to keep eyes on; to stare at”) • Alternative form of 叮 (dīng, “to sting; to bite”) • (literary) lamp ‖ to nail; to staple • to sew on • (Cantonese, slang) to die • (obsolete, rare) gold ‖ 釘(くぎ) • (kugi) ‖ a nail; a spike made of metal or hard material used to stick something 釘 • (jeong) · 釘 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng) Hán-Nôm : đinh • Hán-Nôm : đanh • Hán-Nôm : đính • Hán-Nôm : đĩnh 釘
釦 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiò • Middle-Chinese : khuwX button (knob or small disc serving as a fastener) • (archery) metal loop at the nock point of a bow string • to engrave; to decorate ‖ button ‖ 釦 • (gu) · 釦 • (gu) (hangeul 구) Hán-Nôm : khấu • Hán-Nôm : khẩu 釦
釧 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰjons) : semantic 金 + phonetic 川 (OC *kʰjon). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuan • Middle-Chinese : tsyhwenH (literary or chiefly Southern Min) bracelet; armlet • a surname bracelet 釧 • (cheon) · 釧 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen) Hán-Nôm : xuyến • Hán-Nôm : xén • Hán-Nôm : xoắn • Hán-Nôm : xoăn 釧
釵 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : the • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshai • Middle-Chinese : tsrhea (dated) ornamental forked hairpin ‖ 釵(さい) • (sai) ‖ 釵(かんざし) • (kanzashi) ‖ 釵(かざし) • (kazashi) ‖ (weaponry) a sai: a short blunt weapon with a wide guard, used mainly for defense against opponents armed with swords ‖ a hairpin, particularly a fancy decorative hairpin used in Japanese women's hairstyles ‖ (obsolete) an ornamental hairpin (see above) 釵 • (chae, cha) · 釵 • (chae, cha) (hangeul 채, 차, revised chae, cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'ae, ch'a, Yale chay, cha) Hán-Nôm : thoa • Hán-Nôm : soa • Hán-Nôm : sai 釵
鈉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njobs) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 內 (OC *nuːbs). \ Borrowed from New Latin natrium. Ultimately from Egyptian nṯrj: R9 ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍p ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naap⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄟˋ • Middle-Chinese : nywejH sodium ‖ to forge iron ‖ Alternative form of 枘 (ruì, “tenon”) • Alternative form of 𨧨 (“sharp; pointed”) 鈉 • (nap) · 鈉 • (nap) (hangeul 납, revised nap, McCune–Reischauer nap, Yale nap) 鈉
鈐 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kim⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gjem official seal • to affix a seal to • tea-curing tool • stratagem; plot; plan; strategy; tactic • (figurative) key (to something) • a surname: Qian 鈐 • (geom) · 鈐 • (geom) (hangeul 검, revised geom, McCune–Reischauer kŏm, Yale kem) 鈐
鈔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws) : semantic 金 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshà • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaew • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaewH paper money; banknotes • Alternative form of 抄 ‖ 鈔(しょう) • (shō) ^(←せう (seu)?) ‖ an excerpt, an extract (writing) • an annotation • a unit of volume, equal to one tenth of a 勺 (shaku) and one hundredth of a 合 (gō), or approximately 1.8 millilitres 鈔 • (cho) · 鈔 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho) 鈔
鈕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nuʔ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 丑 (OC *n̥ʰuʔ). \ The Manchu surname is clipping of 鈕祜祿／钮祜禄 (Niǔhùlù), from Manchu ᠨᡳᠣᡥᡠᡵᡠ (niohuru). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : nau⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liú • Middle-Chinese : nrjuwX button (on clothes) • button (something to be pressed) • a surname, particularly common among Manchus ‖ ‖ Hán-Nôm : nữu • Hán-Nôm : nạo • Hán-Nôm : nút 鈕
鈞 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷin) : phonetic 匀 (OC *ɢʷin) + semantic 金 (“metal”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kin • Middle-Chinese : kjwin (historical) ancient unit of measure equivalent to 30 catties or 15 kilograms • (polite) you; your • potter's wheel • tone; tune 鈞 • (gyun) · 鈞 • (gyun) (hangeul 균, revised gyun, McCune–Reischauer kyun, Yale kyun) Hán-Nôm : quân 鈞
鈣 Borrowed from New Latin calcium. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : koi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kài calcium (Ca) calcium (Ca) 鈣 • (gae) · 鈣 • (gae) (hangeul 개, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay) Hán-Nôm : cái 鈣
鈷 ‖ ‖ ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 鈷 – see 瑚. \ (This character is a variant form of 瑚). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo • Middle-Chinese : kuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˋ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo cobalt ‖ Only used in 鈷鉧／钴𬭁 (gǔmǔ). ‖ to break ‖ (Southern Min) pot (classifier for bottled liquid) ‖ 鈷(こ) • (ko) an iron (appliance for removing wrinkles from clothing) • (Buddhism) a vajra • cobalt ‖ cobalt 鈷 • (go) · 鈷 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko) Hán-Nôm : cổ • Hán-Nôm : cỗ 鈷
鈸 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pua̍h • Middle-Chinese : bat ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuah cymbals; bo ‖ (Zhangzhou Hokkien) long sickle • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to scrape with a long sickle 鈸 • (bal) · 鈸 • (bal) (hangeul 발, revised bal, McCune–Reischauer pal, Yale pal) (동발 발, dongbal-): cymbal 鈸 (bạt) 鈸
鈾 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iû (chemistry) uranium Hán-Nôm : du • Hán-Nôm : do 鈾
鉀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːb, *kraːb) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb, “armour”) \ Borrowed from New Latin kalium. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kap ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Middle-Chinese : kap (chemistry) potassium ‖ Only used in 鉀鑪／钾𬬻. 鉀 • (gap) · 鉀 • (gap) (hangeul 갑, revised gap, McCune–Reischauer kap, Yale kap) Hán-Nôm : giáp 鉀
鉋 ‖ 鉋(かんな) • (kanna) ‖ 鉋(かな) • (kana) a plane (woodworking) ‖ (woodworking tools) a plane ‖ (woodworking tools, possibly dialect) a plane 鉋 • (po) · 鉋 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o, Yale pho) 鉋
鉑 ; “thin sheet of metal” Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po̍k Alternative form of 箔 (bó, “thin sheet of metal”) • (chemistry) platinum (metal) 鉑 (eumhun 금백 백 (geumbaek baek)) hanja form of 금 (“gold leaf, platinum”) Hán-Nôm : bạc • Hán-Nôm : bạch silver 鉑
鉗 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kim⁴⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : kem⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khînn • Middle-Chinese : gjem claw of a crustacean (Classifier: 個／个 c) • pincers, pliers, tongs • to grab or pinch with a plier or a crustacean claw 鉗 • (gyeom) · 鉗 • (gyeom) (hangeul 겸, revised gyeom, McCune–Reischauer kyŏm, Yale kyem) 鉗
銃 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjuŋs) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 充 (OC *l̥ʰjuŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìng • Middle-Chinese : tsyhuwngH blunderbuss • (Eastern Min, Southern Min, Taiwanese Hakka) gun; firearm (Classifier: 支 mn) ‖ 銃(じゅう) • (jū) ^(←じゆう (zyuu)?) ‖ 銃(つつ) • (tsutsu) gun ‖ gun (firearm) ‖ gun, firearm 銃 • (chong) · 銃 • (chong) (hangeul 총) gun, rifle, firearm Hán-Nôm : súng • Hán-Nôm : xúng gun, firearm 銃
銓 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun⁴ • Middle-Chinese : tshjwen to estimate • to select 銓 • (jeon) · 銓 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen) 銓
銖 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Middle-Chinese : dzyu (historical) zhu (an ancient Chinese unit of weight notionally equivalent to 100 millet seeds or 1/24 liang/tael, chiefly used for denominating small coins) • Thai baht (currency unit) • a surname 銖 • (su) · 銖 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu) 銖
銜 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːm) : semantic 行 + phonetic 金 (OC *krɯm). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haam⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâm • Middle-Chinese : haem to hold in the mouth • to harbor (hold in one's thoughts) • to connect • rank; title • (literary, or in compounds) to accept • (literary, or in compounds) bit (of a horse) 銜 • (ham) · 銜 • (ham) (hangeul 함, revised ham, McCune–Reischauer ham, Yale ham) Hán-Nôm : hàm 銜
銬 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khàu shackles; manacles • to shackle; to manacle 銬
銳 ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : juē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luē • Middle-Chinese : ywejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄟˋ • Middle-Chinese : dwajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ sharp; keen; acute; pointed • 14th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "penetration" (𝌓) ‖ A kind of spear-like weapon. ‖ ^‡ Only used in 銚銳／铫锐 (“basin”). pointed • sharpness • edge • weapon • sharp • violent 銳 • (ye, tae) · 銳 • (ye, tae) (hangeul 예, 태, revised ye, tae, McCune–Reischauer ye, t'ae, Yale yey, thay) sharp • swift • agile Hán-Nôm : nhuệ • Hán-Nôm : nhọn 銳
銷 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sew) : semantic 金 + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siau • Middle-Chinese : sjew to melt • to sell • to expend • to cancel; to write off • to bolt • peg; pin; bolt • a surname: Xiao 銷 • (so) · 銷 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so) Hán-Nôm : tiêu • Hán-Nôm : tiu • Hán-Nôm : tỏe • Hán-Nôm : toẻ 銷
銻 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *diːl) : semantic 金 (“gold; metal”) + phonetic 弟 (OC *diːlʔ, *diːls). ‖ Borrowed from New Latin stibium. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˊ • Middle-Chinese : dej ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : the (obsolete) Only used in 鎕銻／𰾯锑 (tángtí, “a type of gemstone, with a fire-like appearance”). ‖ (chemistry) antimony 銻 • (je) · 銻 • (je) (hangeul 제, revised je, McCune–Reischauer che, Yale cey) 銻
銼 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰoːls, *zoːl, *zoːɡ) : semantic 金 + phonetic 坐 (OC *zoːlʔ, *zoːls). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : co³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshò • Middle-Chinese : dzwa • Middle-Chinese : tshwaH • Middle-Chinese : dzuwk carpenter's file, file smooth 銼
鋁 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 呂. \ Borrowed from New Latin aluminium. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí (chemistry) aluminium; aluminum aluminum 鋁 • (ryeo) · 鋁 • (ryeo) (hangeul 려, revised ryeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ, Yale lye) Hán-Nôm : lã • Hán-Nôm : lữ 鋁
鋅 Borrowed from English zinc. ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 鋅 – see 釨. \ (This character is a variant form of 釨). \ Borrowed from English sink. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sin ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : sing¹ (chemistry) zinc ‖ (Cantonese) Only used in 鋅盆／锌盆. 鋅 • (ja) · 鋅 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca) 鋅
鋒 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Middle-Chinese : phjowng pointed edge; cutting edge • (figurative) vanguard; pioneer • (meteorology) front ‖ 鋒(ほこ) • (hoko) ‖ Alternative spelling of 矛 鋒 • (bong) · 鋒 • (bong) (hangeul 봉, revised bong, McCune–Reischauer pong, Yale pong) Hán-Nôm : phong 鋒
鋤 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zra) : semantic 金 + phonetic 助 (OC *zras). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshôo • Middle-Chinese : dzrjo hoe • to hoe; to dig • to remove; to get rid of; to eradicate • (Cantonese) to bring someone negative consequences 鋤 • (seo) · 鋤 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se) (호미 서): hoe (short-handled, one-handed) • (김맬 서): to weed, eradicate, compare mow, hew, hoe. • (없앨 서): to remove, eliminate Hán-Nôm : sừ • Hán-Nôm : xừ 鋤
鋪 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaː, *pʰaːs, *pʰa) : semantic 金 (“gold; metal”) + phonetic 甫 (OC *paʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaː, *pʰaːs, *pʰa) : semantic 金 (“gold; metal”) + phonetic 甫 (OC *paʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaː, *pʰaːs, *pʰa) : semantic 金 (“gold; metal”) + phonetic 甫 (OC *paʔ). Cantonese · Jyutping : pou¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phoo • Middle-Chinese : phu • Middle-Chinese : phju ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou³⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phòo • Middle-Chinese : phuH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : pou¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phoo to spread out; to arrange • to display • to pave; to tile; to lay • (Cantonese) Classifier for games or matches. • (Cantonese) Classifier for addictions. ‖ store (Classifier: 間／间 c) • relay station for post horses • (Cantonese, Northern Min, Eastern Min, Southern Min, Nanning Pinghua, Wenzhounese) unit of distance equivalent to 10 li ‖ bed 鋪 • (po) · 鋪 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o, Yale pho) Hán-Nôm : phô • Hán-Nôm : phố • Hán-Nôm : pho 鋪
鋭 ‖ 鋭(えい) • (ei) ‖ 鋭(えい) • (ei) -na (adnominal 鋭(えい)な (ei na), adverbial 鋭(えい)に (ei ni)) ‖ 鋭(えい) • (ei) sharp ‖ sharp; pointed; acute; keen ‖ (literary) keen ‖ (literary) sharp weapon • (literary) elite; pick 鋭 • (ye, tae) · 鋭 • (ye, tae) (hangeul 예, 태, revised ye, tae, McCune–Reischauer ye, t'ae, Yale yey, thay) Hán-Nôm : nhọn • Hán-Nôm : nhuệ • Hán-Nôm : duệ 鋭
鋸 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kas) : semantic 金 + phonetic 居 (OC *kɯ, *kas). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kì • Middle-Chinese : kjoH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : goe¹ saw (tool) (Classifier: 把 m c) • to saw • to amputate • (dialectal) to play (a stringed instrument) ‖ to kill; to slaughter • (Cantonese, figuratively) to swindle (to obtain by deceitful methods) ‖ 鋸(のこぎり) or 鋸(ノコギリ) • (nokogiri) saw ‖ a saw (tool) 鋸 (eum 거 (geo)) Hán-Nôm : cưa 鋸
錐 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jeoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsui • Middle-Chinese : tsywij awl • awl-like object • to drill; to bore • cone; pyramid ‖ 錐(きり) • (kiri) ‖ 錐(すい) • (sui) ‖ a pointy tool used to make holes, such as a drill, a gimlet, an auger or an awl ‖ Clipping of 錐体 (suitai, “cone or pyramid”). 錐 (eum 추 (chu)) Hán-Nôm : dùi 錐
錘 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dol, *dols, *du) : semantic 金 + phonetic 垂 (OC *djol). Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄟˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuî • Middle-Chinese : drjwe • Middle-Chinese : drjweH hammer • mace (weapon) • (literally, figuratively) to hammer into shape; to forge • (Mainland China, neologism, slang) proof • (historical) an ancient unit of weight • a surname: Chui ‖ 錘(おもり) • (omori) weight, sinker • spindle ‖ Alternative form of 重り (omori, “weight; sinker”) 錘 • (chu) · 錘 • (chu) (hangeul 추) Hán-Nôm : chuy • Hán-Nôm : chùy • Hán-Nôm : chuỳ • Hán-Nôm : dùi • Hán-Nôm : thùy • Hán-Nôm : thuỳ 錘
錚 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰreːŋ) : semantic 金 + phonetic 爭 (OC *ʔsreːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zang¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsrheang onomatopoeia for the sound of metal objects being struck • (historical) an ancient type of percussion instrument, made of copper, bell-shaped, and narrow, used to pace the marching of armies gong • onomatopoeia for the sound of metal objects being struck 錚 (eumhun 쇳소리 쟁 (soetsori jaeng)) metallic sound • gong (a type of percussion instrument used in folk music) Hán-Nôm : trành • Hán-Nôm : tranh 錚
錨 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 苗 (OC *mrew). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biâu anchor ‖ 錨(いかり) • (ikari) ‖ 錨(びょう) • (byō) ^(←べう (beu)?) ‖ (nautical) an anchor (tool to moor a vessel into the sea bottom) • an anchor-shaped tool on the end of a rope or other line, used to secure the line • an anchor-shaped grapnel • a kind of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) in the shape of an anchor ‖ (nautical) anchor 錨 • (myo) · 錨 • (myo) (hangeul 묘, revised myo, McCune–Reischauer myo, Yale myo) (닻): anchor Hán-Nôm : miêu 錨
錫 Characters in the same phonetic series (易) (Zhengzhang, 2003) ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sek⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Middle-Chinese : sek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˊ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : sek³ tin ‖ ^† Alternative form of 賜／赐 (“to bestow; to confer”) ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 惜 (sek3, “to cherish; to kiss”) ‖ 錫(しゃく) • (shaku) tin ‖ Short for 錫杖. 錫 • (seok) · 錫 • (seok) (hangeul 석, revised seok, McCune–Reischauer sŏk, Yale sek) Hán-Nôm : thiếc • Hán-Nôm : tích • Hán-Nôm : xích 錫
錳 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 孟. \ From New Latin manganum. Cantonese · Jyutping : maang⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bíng (chemistry) manganese 錳 • (maeng) · 錳 • (maeng) (hangeul 맹, revised maeng, McCune–Reischauer maeng, Yale mayng) 錳
錶 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 金 + phonetic 表 (OC *prawʔ). \ Differentiated character from 表 (biǎo) coined c. 1900. Cantonese · Jyutping : biu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : biu² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pió watch (portable timepiece) (Classifier: 塊／块 m) • (specifically) wristwatch (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • gauge; meter; instrument Hán-Nôm : biểu 錶
鍍 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo • Middle-Chinese : du • Middle-Chinese : duH to plate; to cover (a metal object) with a thin coating of a different metal 鍍 • (do) · 鍍 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to) 鍍
鍥 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keːd, *kʰeːd) : semantic 金 (“metal; gold”) + phonetic 契 (OC *kʰeːds, *kʰeːd, *kʰeːd, *kʰɯd). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : keh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kueh • Middle-Chinese : ket • Middle-Chinese : khet Hán-Nôm : kết 鍥
鍬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 秋 (OC *sʰɯw) – a metal shovel. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiu shovel; spade ‖ 鍬(くわ) • (kuwa) ^(←くは (kufa)?) ‖ 鍬(くわ) • (Kuwa) ^(←くは (kufa)?) hoe ‖ a hoe (agricultural tool) ‖ a surname 鍬 (eum 초 (cho)) (가래 초): a spade, shovel, ploughshare Hán-Nôm : thâu 鍬
鍾 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong • Middle-Chinese : tsyowng vessel for containing alcohol • to concentrate one's love or attention • unit of capacity • Alternative form of 鐘／钟 (zhōng, “percussion musical instrument; bell”) • (obsolete, chiefly Nanzhao) younger brother • a surname ‖ 鍾(しょう) • (shō) bronze jar used for storing alcohol ‖ bronze jar used for storing alcohol 鍾 • (jong) · 鍾 • (jong) (hangeul 종, revised jong, McCune–Reischauer chong, Yale cong) 음훈: [술병 종] 술병, 술잔 = alcohol bottle, alcohol glass, alcohol receptacle Hán-Nôm : chung • Hán-Nôm : chuông 鍾
鎂 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 美 (měi). \ Borrowed from New Latin magnesium. ‖ Decomposition of the character into its components. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bí ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˇ ㄐㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁵ gam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bí-kim (chemistry) magnesium ‖ (neologism, Internet slang) Alternative form of 美金 (měijīn) 鎂 • (mi) · 鎂 • (mi) (hangeul 미, revised mi, McCune–Reischauer mi, Yale mi) Hán-Nôm : mĩ 鎂
鎊 ‖ Borrowed from English pound. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤ • Middle-Chinese : phang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong⁶ ‖ pound (unit of currency) 鎊 • (bang) · 鎊 • (bang) (hangeul 방) 鎊
鎔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loŋ) : semantic 金 + phonetic 容 (OC *loŋ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iûnn • Middle-Chinese : yowng mould for casting • to melt by heat; to turn solid into liquid by heat to melt by heat • mould for casting 鎔 • (yong) · 鎔 • (yong) (hangeul 용, revised yong, McCune–Reischauer yong, Yale yong) 鎔
鎢 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaː) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 烏 (OC *qaː). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Middle-Chinese : 'u ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo Only used in 鎢錥／钨𫓾. ‖ (chemistry) tungsten; wolfram Hán-Nôm : ô 鎢
鎳 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nip⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nip¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gia̍t nickel (an element) 鎳 • (eol) · 鎳 • (eol) (hangeul 얼, revised eol, McCune–Reischauer ŏl, Yale el) 鎳
鏃 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːɡ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 族 (OC *zoːɡ). \ Compare འཛུགས ('dzugs, “to insert; to plant”) (Sagart, 2017d; Hill, 2019), which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-(d)z(j)u(ː)k (“to pierce; to plant; to erect”). \ Sagart (2017) also compares it to Jingpho achyo (“to stab”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tso̍k • Middle-Chinese : tsuwk (literary) arrowhead; barb • (literary) sharp • (literary) swift; quick ‖ 鏃(やじり) • (yajiri) ‖ arrowhead 鏃 • (jok) · 鏃 • (jok) (hangeul 족, revised jok, McCune–Reischauer chok, Yale cok) 鏃
鏈 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ren, *rens, *r̥ʰen) : semantic 金 + phonetic 連 (OC *ren). \ From 連 (MC ljen). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liān ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Middle-Chinese : trhjen • Middle-Chinese : ljen chain; wire; cable • chain; shack • to chain • chain (unit of length equal to 22 yards) ‖ copper • lead mine • mine chain • irons • connection 鏈 • (ryeon>yeon) · 鏈 • (ryeon>yeon) (hangeul 련>연) Hán-Nôm : liên 鏈
鏑 ‖ Borrowed from New Latin dysprosium. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik⁶ • Middle-Chinese : tek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik¹ arrowhead ‖ (chemistry) dysprosium 鏑 • (jeok) · 鏑 • (jeok) (hangeul 적, revised jeok, McCune–Reischauer chŏk, Yale cek) Hán-Nôm : đích 鏑
鏖 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ou¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : 'aw ‖ (literary) to fight to the end; to engage in a fierce battle • fierce • clamorous • (obsolete) kettle ‖ unclean; unkempt • dust; waste; rubbish massacre, annihilation, wholesale slaughter 鏖 • (o) · 鏖 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o) 鏖
鏗 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khing • Middle-Chinese : kheang to strike, beat, stroke • jingling onomatopoeia of something hard hits • to strike, to beat 鏗 (eumhun 금옥(金玉) 소리 갱 (geumok sori gaeng)) Hán-Nôm : keng • Hán-Nôm : khanh 鏗
鏘 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ • Middle-Chinese : tshjang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄧㄤ (onomatopoeia) tinkle; clang; jingle (sound of metal or jade) ‖ (Taiwan, slang) Alternative form of ㄎㄧㄤ (kiāng) tinkle 鏘 (eumhun 금옥(金玉) 소리 장 (geumok sori jang)) tinkle Hán-Nôm : tương 鏘
鏜 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong¹ • Middle-Chinese : thang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴ a type of small copper drum • (onomatopoeia) drum or gong sound ‖ to bore hole boring tool 鏜 • (dang) · 鏜 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang) boring tool 鏜
鏟 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋ̊ʰreːnʔ, *sŋ̊ʰraːns) : semantic 金 + phonetic 產 (OC *sŋreːnʔ). Cantonese · Jyutping : caan² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshián • Middle-Chinese : tsrheanX • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaenH spade; shovel; scoop • to shovel; to level off • to root out; to destroy • (Hong Kong Cantonese) to delete (data on a computer or other device) 鏟 • (san) · 鏟 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san) canonical : 鏟: Hán Việt readings: sạn • canonical : sản 鏟: Nôm readings: sản • canonical : san • canonical : sán • canonical : xẻng • canonical : sám chữ Hán form of sạn (“shovel”). • Nôm form of xẻng (“shovel”). 鏟
鏢 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : biu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pio • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piau • Middle-Chinese : phjiew dart; spear; harpoon • (archaic) goods sent under the protection of an armed escort 鏢 (eum 표 (pyo)) Hán-Nôm : tiu 鏢
鏽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɯwɢs) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 肅 (OC *sɯwɢ). \ Related to 鏉 (OC *srus) (Wang, 1982). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siù rust (deteriorated state of iron or steel as a result of moisture and oxidation) • to rust; to get rusty; to corrode; to oxidise • incrustation • rust (disease of plants caused by a reddish-brown fungus) ‖ ‖ 鏽 • (su) · 鏽 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu) 鏽
鐃 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rŋaːw) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâ • Middle-Chinese : nraew (historical) wide upward-facing bronze bell connected to a short handle and struck with a mallet, used in battle to halt or recall troops • (music) big cymbals • Alternative form of 撓／挠 (náo, “to disturb; to argue; to debate”) ‖ 鐃(にょう) • (nyō) ^(←ねう (neu)?) ‖ 鐃(どう) • (dō) ^(←だう (dau)?) ‖ in ancient China, a gong used in the army to signal the drumming to stop • (Buddhism) a kind of gong used at Buddhist temples ‖ in ancient China, a gong used in the army to signal the drumming to stop • (Buddhism) a kind of gong used at Buddhist temples 鐃 • (nyo>yo) · 鐃 • (nyo>yo) (hangeul 뇨>요, revised nyo>yo, McCune–Reischauer nyo>yo, Yale nyo>yo) 鐃
鐮 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·rem) : semantic 金 (“gold; metal”) + phonetic 廉 (OC *ɡ·rem). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rjam (“sharp”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nî • Middle-Chinese : ljem sickle Alternative form of 鎌 (“sickle”) canonical : 鐮: Hán Việt readings: liêm 鐮: Nôm readings: liềm • canonical : liêm • canonical : lẹm Nôm form of liềm (“sickle”). 鐮
鐲 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rdoːɡ, *zroːɡ, *djoɡ) : semantic 金 + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ). Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : so̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍k • Middle-Chinese : dzyowk • Middle-Chinese : draewk ^⁜ bangle; rigid bracelet • (historical) bell used to control the pace of marching troops canonical : 鐲: Hán Việt readings: trạc 鐲: Nôm readings: đúc • canonical : đục • canonical : đọc • canonical : chạc • canonical : trọc chữ Hán form of trạc (“bracelet, gong (instrument)”). • Nôm form of đúc (“to cast metal”). 鐲
鐳 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːl) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 雷 (OC *ruːl). \ Borrowed from English radium. ‖ Borrowed from Malay duit, from Dutch duit. ‖ Transliteration character. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luî ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : lui ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luî ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luî • Middle-Chinese : lwoj (chemistry) radium ‖ (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien; Zhongshan Min) copper cash; coin • (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien) Classifier for copper cash. • (Malaysian Cantonese and Singapore Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min; Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien; slang in Hong Kong Cantonese) money ‖ Only used in 鐳射／镭射 (léishè). ‖ (archaic) bottle; pitcher 鐳
鐸 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːɡ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 睪 (OC *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍k • Middle-Chinese : dak (historical) large bronze bell with a wooden or bronze clapper and a long handle, used for war and to announce proclamations • a surname ‖ 鐸(ぬりて) • (nurite) ‖ 鐸(ぬて) • (nute) ‖ 鐸(さなき) • (sanaki) ‖ 鐸(たく) • (taku) a bell used for signaling • wind chime ‖ (historical) an ancient bell with a long handle used for signalling ‖ (historical) an ancient bell with a long handle used for signalling ‖ (historical) an ancient large iron bell used in rituals ‖ a large bell made of copper or bronze with a long handle on the top to grab and ring 鐸 (eumhun 방울 탁 (bang'ul tak)) hanja form of 탁 (“bell”) Hán-Nôm : đạc • Hán-Nôm : đác 鐸
鐺 ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tong • Middle-Chinese : tang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong¹ (onomatopoeia) Metallic sound: clank; clang • (literary) earring of women ‖ shallow, flat pan; griddle • an ancient type of pot with legs ‖ a type of small copper drum chain • tip of a scabbard • flatiron 鐺 • (dang) · 鐺 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang) canonical : 鐺: Hán Việt readings: sanh • canonical : thang • canonical : đang • canonical : đương • canonical : tang 鐺: Nôm readings: đương • canonical : xanh wok 鐺
鑒 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàm • Middle-Chinese : ken • Middle-Chinese : kaemH (bronze) mirror • to inspect; to examine • to reflect; to mirror • to evaluate; to assess • perceptiveness; vigilance • reflection • lesson; example; warning • (historical) large reflective basin for holding water or ice ‖ ‖ 鑒 (eumhun 거울 감 (geoul gam)) Alternative form of 鑑 (“hanja form of 감 (“mirror; inspection”)”) Hán-Nôm : giám • Hán-Nôm : gương 鑒
鑠 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰljawɢ) : semantic 金 (“gold”) + phonetic 樂 (OC *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Middle-Chinese : syak to melt by heat; to fuse (metal) • (literary) to weaken; to wear down • (archaic) to permeate; to seep into • fine; glorious • Alternative form of 爍／烁 (“bright; brilliant; glittering”) 鑠 • (sak) · 鑠 • (sak) (hangeul 삭, revised sak, McCune–Reischauer sak, Yale sak) 鑠
鑣 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : biu¹ • Middle-Chinese : pjew horse bit • (metonymically) horse, or any similar animal used for riding • Alternative form of 鏢／镖 (biāo, “dart; goods sent under the protection of an armed escort”) 鑣 • (pyo) · 鑣 • (pyo) (hangeul 표, revised pyo, McCune–Reischauer p'yo, Yale phyo) 鑣
鑰 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lowɢ) : semantic 金 + phonetic 龠 (OC *lowɢ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joek⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io̍h • Middle-Chinese : yak Alternative form of 𨷲 (“bolt”) • lock (device or mechanism) • key (to a lock) • (figurative) key (to something) • (figurative) strategic place • a surname lock 鑰 • (yak) · 鑰 • (yak) (hangeul 약, revised yak, McCune–Reischauer yak, Yale yak) Hán-Nôm : dược • Hán-Nôm : thược • Hán-Nôm : thước 鑰
鑲 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sionn • Middle-Chinese : nyang • Middle-Chinese : sjang • Middle-Chinese : nrjang to insert; to inlay; set; mount • to fill • to rim; to edge; to border 鑲 • (yang) · 鑲 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang) Hán-Nôm : tương 鑲
鑼 Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : la gong (Classifier: 面 m) ‖ 鑼(どら) • (dora) a gong ‖ Alternative spelling of 銅鑼: a gong 鑼 • (ra>na) · 鑼 • (ra>na) (hangeul 라>나, revised ra>na, McCune–Reischauer ra>na, Yale la>na) Hán-Nôm : la 鑼
鑽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːn, *ʔsoːns) : semantic 釒 + phonetic 贊 (OC *ʔsaːns). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːn, *ʔsoːns) : semantic 釒 + phonetic 贊 (OC *ʔsaːns). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuìnn • Middle-Chinese : tswan ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuìnn • Middle-Chinese : tswanH to drill; to bore • to study intensively • to go deep into or go through; to get into; to break through; to pierce • to secure personal gain ‖ drill; auger (tool) • diamond to start a fire (by friction) 鑽 • (chan) · 鑽 • (chan) (hangeul 찬) Hán-Nôm : toản • Hán-Nôm : xoảng • Hán-Nôm : xoàn 鑽
鑾 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luân • Middle-Chinese : lwan a bell attached to a carriage • the carriage of the emperor bell(s) attached to an emperor's carriage • emperor's carriage • emperor 鑾 • (ran>nan) · 鑾 • (ran>nan) (hangeul 란>난, revised ran>nan, McCune–Reischauer ran>nan, Yale lan>nan) Hán-Nôm : loan 鑾
鑿 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 𥽿 (). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 𥽿 (). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 𥽿 (). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 𥽿 (). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zok⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zok⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsha̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tso̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa̍k • Middle-Chinese : dzak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zok⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zok⁶ • Middle-Chinese : tsak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨˊ • Middle-Chinese : dzuwk chisel • to bore; to cut a hole; to chisel • to dig • (obsolete) tool for tattooing the face as punishment • (literary) to interpret in a strained manner • (obsolete) Used in 鑿行／凿行. • (obsolete) Used in 鑿空／凿空 (záokōng). • (obsolete) feeling; emotion • (literary or Beijing Mandarin) to beat forcefully • (Hokkien) to stab; to pierce • (Mainland China Hokkien) to criticize with pointed words; to poke holes in people's holes or secrets • (Taiwanese Hokkien) feeling uncomfortable (when worn, etc.) ‖ hole; mortise • tunnel ‖ real; authentic; irrefutable • ^† Alternative form of 糳 (zuò, “to polish (rice)”) • ^† Alternative form of 糳 (zuò, “polished rice”) • Used in 鑿鑿／凿凿 (zuòzuò). ‖ ^† to carve • ^† Alternative form of 鏃／镞 (“arrow”) 鑿 (eumhun 뚫을 착 (ttureul chak)) ‖ 鑿 (eumhun 구멍 조 (gumeong jo)) hanja form of 착 (“to bore; to pierce”) ‖ (archaic) hanja form of 조 (“hole”) Hán-Nôm : tạc • Hán-Nôm : toạc 鑿
閂 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 門 (“gate”) + 一 (“crossbar”) ― a crossbar over a gate; sealing it closed. \ Compare 關. \ Related to 關 (OC *kroːn) (Zhengzhang, 2003). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suan ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuànn bolt; latch; crossbar • to bolt; to latch • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka) to close (a door, a gate, etc.) • (Cantonese) to switch off; to turn off ‖ bolt; latch; crossbar • to bolt; to latch; to lock ‖ 閂(かんぬき) • (kannuki) ^(←くわんぬき (kwannuki)?) ‖ 閂(かんぬき) • (Kannuki) ^(←くわんぬき (Kwannuki)?) ‖ a heavy, usually wooden, crossbar used to lock across double doors or gates of an entrance to a building, similar to a latch • (sumo) a grip in which one wrestler wraps his arms around both of his opponent’s arms and squeezes them together to maneuver the opponent for a kimedashi or kimetaoshi, or to weaken the opponent’s grip on the mawashi; a type of armbar ‖ a surname 閂
閃 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 門 (“gate”) + 人 (“person”) — a person running through a gate. \ Possibly iterative devoicing of 燄 (OC *lamʔ, “to be flaming up”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Ultimately from Hebrew שם (Šēm). ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : sim² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siám • Middle-Chinese : syemX • Middle-Chinese : syemH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sim² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Siám ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : sinnh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sínn to dodge; to evade • to twist; to sprain; to pull a muscle • to flash • lightning; flash • to sparkle; to shine • sparkling; shiny • to rock; to sway • (dialectal) to leave behind • (Cantonese, colloquial) to leave, especially quickly or suddenly • (neologism) affectionate between couples • a surname ‖ Shem (Biblical character) ‖ (Southern Min) Alternative form of 爍／烁 ‖ 閃(せん) • (Sen) flash • brandish ‖ a female given name 閃 (eumhun 번쩍일 섬 (beonjjeogil seom)) hanja form of 섬 (“flash”) Hán-Nôm : thiểm 閃
閒 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 門 (“door”) + 月 (“moon”) – moonlight peeking through a door – interstice; space (original character of 間). \ Karlgren (1957) and Baxter (1992) connect this word with 間 (OC *kreːn, “interstice time”). \ Alternatively, Pulleyblank (1973) suggests that it is cognate with 暇 (OC *ɡraːs, “to be at leisure”). \ Schuessler (2007) considers this unrelated to 間 (OC *kreːn, *kreːns), and instead proposes that this is borrowed from Tai languages, akin to Thai คร้าน (kráan, “lazy; indolent”). 懶 (OC *raːnʔ, “lazy”) may be a colloquial reflex of the same word (ibid.). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : âinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hân • Middle-Chinese : hean not busy; idle • vacant; unoccupied; unused • leisurely and carefree • trivial; unimportant • unrelated to one's proper business; extraneous; belonging to others • relaxed; peaceful; tranquil; calm • leisure; spare time; free time • (gambling) player (instead of banker) • a surname • (Hakka) Alternative form of 還／还 (“very”) 閒 • (han, gan) · 閒 • (han, gan) (hangeul 한, 간, revised han, gan, McCune–Reischauer han, kan, Yale han, kan) leisure, idle • peaceful, tranquil, calm Hán-Nôm : gian • Hán-Nôm : nhàn • Hán-Nôm : gián 閒
閔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrɯnʔ) : semantic 門 (“gate”) + phonetic 文 (OC *mɯn) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bín • Middle-Chinese : minX to pity; to feel compassion for • to worry; to concern • a surname 閔 • (min) · 閔 • (min) (hangeul 민, revised min, McCune–Reischauer min, Yale min) Hán-Nôm : mẫn 閔
閘 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːb, *sɡreːb, *qraːb) : semantic 門 (“gate”) + phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa̍p • Middle-Chinese : kap • Middle-Chinese : 'aep sluice; floodgate • switch; breaker; brake • (chiefly Cantonese) gate (Classifier: 道 c) • to dam • (Cantonese, Southern Min) to block; to obstruct • (Hong Kong, soccer) fullback • a surname 閘 • (gap) · 閘 • (gap) (hangeul 갑, revised gap, McCune–Reischauer kap, Yale kap) 閘
閡 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡɯːɡs) : semantic 門 (“gate”) + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngoi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ngojH to separate; to cut off blocked or separated • to prevent 閡
閤 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuːb) : semantic 門 (“door”) + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kap • Middle-Chinese : kop ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ (literary) side door • throne room • (alt. form 閣) chamber; pavilion • (alt. form 閣) female quarters • a surname ‖ (alt. form 合, 闔) to close; to shut • (alt. form 闔) all of; whole of; entire 閤 • (hap) · 閤 • (hap) (hangeul 합, revised hap, McCune–Reischauer hap, Yale hap) Hán-Nôm : các 閤
閨 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷeː) : semantic 門 (“door”) + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː, “pointed jade tablet”) – arched door in the shape of a 圭 (guī). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kui • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ke • Middle-Chinese : kwej (literary) small arched gate • boudoir; lady's chamber 閨 • (gyu) · 閨 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu) Hán-Nôm : khuê 閨
閩 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrɯn, *mɯn) : phonetic 門 (OC *mɯːn) + semantic 虫 (“snake”). The 虫 radical was a common component of the names of barbarians (Schuessler, 2007), probably reflecting the Min people's worship of snakes (Li, 2017). \ Matisoff (2003) relates it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-b/m-ruːl (“snake”), but this comparison is no longer held in STEDT. \ In most modern Min dialects and some other southern dialects (including Hakka and Xiang), it is read with a level tone (平聲), which is the expected reflex based on rime dictionaries. In Mandarin and the remaining southern dialects, it is read with a rising tone (上聲), probably due to analogy with the phonetic component of 閔 (MC minX) (Li, 2017). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄣˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîn • Middle-Chinese : min • Middle-Chinese : mjun (historical) Min people (ancient ethnic group) • (～江) Min River (a river in Fujian, China) • Fujian • (～語, ～方言) Min languages • a surname ‖ 閩(びん) • (Bin) ‖ Min, one of the Ten Kingdoms of China 閩 • (min) · 閩 • (min) (hangeul 민, revised min, McCune–Reischauer min, Yale min) Hán-Nôm : mân 閩
閭 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ra) : semantic 門 (“gate”) + phonetic 呂 (OC *ɡ·raʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Middle-Chinese : ljo (literary) gate of a lane or alley • (literary) neighborhood; hamlet; lane; alley • (literary) neighborhood; hamlet; lane; alley · (historical) village or neighbourhood of twenty-five families (according to certain historical sources of various authenticity) • a surname ‖ 閭(りょ) • (ryo) rural area ‖ gate of a village 閭 • (ryeo>yeo) · 閭 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye) Hán-Nôm : lữ • Hán-Nôm : lừ • Hán-Nôm : lư 閭
閱 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lod) : semantic 門 + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : et • Middle-Chinese : ywet (literary, or in compounds) to inspect; to examine; to review • (literary, or in compounds) to read; to peruse • (literary, or in compounds) to experience; to go through • a surname: Yue to review manuscripts; to read attentively • to inspect; to censor; to review troops 閱 (eumhun 검열할 열 (geomyeolhal yeol)) inspect Hán-Nôm : duyệt 閱
閲 ‖ 閲(えつ) • (etsu) ‖ 閲(えつ) • (etsu) to review manuscripts; to read attentively • to inspect; to censor; to review troops ‖ read; view; examine; inspect • pass (of time); elapse ‖ (literary) viewing; reading; inspection 閲 (eumhun 검열할 열 (geomyeolhal yeol)) inspect Hán-Nôm : duyệt • Hán-Nôm : dượt 閲
閻 Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâm • Middle-Chinese : yem village gate • a surname village gate • good-looking • used as a phonetic sign for the transcription of Sanskrit 閻 • (yeom) · 閻 • (yeom) (hangeul 염, revised yeom, McCune–Reischauer yŏm, Yale yem) Hán-Nôm : diêm 閻
闆 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˇ Only used in 老闆／老板 (lǎobǎn). ‖ ^‡ to look from a door 闆 • (ban) · 闆 • (ban) (hangeul 반, revised ban, McCune–Reischauer pan, Yale pan) inside the gate [door, window] • adult • landlord • plank 闆
闈 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hjw+j side door of the palace • imperial concubines' residence • one's parents' bedroom • women's quarters • (historical) imperial examination hall or room gate, door • living quarters 闈 • (wi) · 闈 • (wi) (hangeul 위, revised wi, McCune–Reischauer wi, Yale wi) gate • royal palace • inner room 闈
闊 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoːd) : semantic 門 (“gate; door”) + phonetic 活 (OC *koːd, *ɡoːd) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuah • Middle-Chinese : khwat broad; wide • rich; wealthy • empty; impractical • (Hokkien) big (of someone's mouth) 闊 • (hwal) · 闊 • (hwal) (hangeul 활, revised hwal, McCune–Reischauer hwal, Yale hwal) Hán-Nôm : khoát • Hán-Nôm : khoắt 闊
闋 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Middle-Chinese : khwet (literary) to stop; to end • Classifier for songs, poems, etc. • Classifier for stanzas of a poem. close • shut • watch-tower • rest 闋 • (gyeol) · 闋 • (gyeol) (hangeul 결, revised gyeol, McCune–Reischauer kyŏl, Yale kyel) 闋
闌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːn) : semantic 門 (“door”) + phonetic 柬 (OC *kreːnʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lân • Middle-Chinese : lan door screen • railing; fence • to exhaust; to use up; to end; to finish; to wane • late (in time) rise high • be well along 闌 • (ran>nan) · 闌 • (ran>nan) (hangeul 란>난, revised ran>nan, McCune–Reischauer ran>nan, Yale lan>nan) Hán-Nôm : làn • Hán-Nôm : lan 闌
闐 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *diːn, *diːns) : semantic 門 (“gate”) + phonetic 眞 (OC *ʔljin) ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tin⁴ • Middle-Chinese : den ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tin⁴ • Middle-Chinese : denH Used in 闐闐／阗阗; also used as its short form. • (alt. form 填) to fill up ‖ Used in place names 闐
闔 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha̍p • Middle-Chinese : hap ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kha̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khah (literary) door; door leaf • (literary) all of; whole of; entire • (literary) to close; to shut • Alternative form of 盍 (hé, “why not”) • a surname. ‖ (Southern Min) to close, leaving it slightly open • (Mainland China Hokkien) to be detained; to be held up; to get stuck to close; to shut • whole; entire; all • Alternative form of 扉 (“door”) 闔 • (hap) · 闔 • (hap) (hangeul 합, revised hap, McCune–Reischauer hap, Yale hap) to close; to shut • whole; entire; all Hán-Nôm : hạp 闔
闖 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) – a horse (馬) rushing through a gate (門). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cam³ • Middle-Chinese : trhimH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong² • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuànn to peek ‖ to rush in; to burst in • to break through; to charge • to lead to (a negative outcome); to incur; to bring about • a surname: Chuang rush in, burst in 闖 • (teum) · 闖 • (teum) (hangeul 틈, revised teum, McCune–Reischauer t'ŭm, Yale thum) 闖
闡 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshán • Middle-Chinese : tsyhenX clarify • kanji used to transliterate Buddhist terms borrowed from Sanskrit 闡 • (cheon) · 闡 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen) Hán-Nôm : xiển • Hán-Nôm : xén • Hán-Nôm : sởn • Hán-Nôm : xển • Hán-Nôm : xèng • Hán-Nôm : siển • Hán-Nôm : xẻn • Hán-Nôm : xởn 闡
闢 In the bronze script, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 門 (“door”) + 𠬜 (“two hands pushing open the door”) – to open. \ Since the seal script, now a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beɡ) : semantic 門 + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ). \ Compare 開. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi̍t • Middle-Chinese : bjiek to open • to settle; to develop; to open up 闢 • (byeok) · 闢 • (byeok) (hangeul 벽, revised byeok, McCune–Reischauer pyŏk, Yale pyek) Hán-Nôm : tịch 闢
阡 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sn̥ʰiːn) : semantic 阜 (“soil mountain”) + phonetic 千 (OC *sn̥ʰiːn). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin¹ • Middle-Chinese : tshen (literary) footpath between fields going north to south (financial, archaic) thousand 阡 • (cheon) · 阡 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen) canonical : 阡: Hán Việt readings: thiên 阡: Nôm readings: thiên chữ Hán form of thiên (“bank of a rice paddy”). 阡
阮 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋon, *ŋonʔ) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon). \ ; “ruan (musical instrument)” ‖ Contraction of 我儂／我侬 (góa-nâng, “we”). See 儂 (“person; pronoun suffix”) for more. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uínn • Middle-Chinese : ngjwonX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : guán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gún ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Middle-Chinese : ngjwon a surname: Ruan, Yuen, Nguyễn • (historical) state of Ruan (a small state during the Shang Dynasty) • ruan (a Chinese long-necked fretted round-bodied plucked lute) ‖ (Southern Min, exclusive) we; our • (Hokkien) I; my ‖ The name of a mountain. • Alternative form of 原 (yuán), only used in 五阮關／五阮关. 阮 • (wan, won) · 阮 • (wan, won) (hangeul 완, 원, revised wan, won, McCune–Reischauer wan, wŏn, Yale wan, wen) canonical : 阮: Hán Việt readings: nguyễn 阮: Nôm readings: nguyễn Chữ Hán form of Nguyễn (“a surname from Chinese.”). 阮
阱 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɡeŋʔ, *sɡeŋs) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 阝 (“mound”) + phonetic 井 (OC *skeŋʔ, “well”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeng⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeng² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsíng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsénn • Middle-Chinese : dzjengX pitfall, trap 阱 (eum 정 (jeong)) 阱
陀 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁴ • Middle-Chinese : da ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ steep bank; rough terrain ‖ (literary) to collapse 陀 (eum 타 (ta)) canonical : 陀: Hán Việt readings: đà 陀: Nôm readings: đà • canonical : đã • canonical : đờ Nôm form of đã (“to finish, conclude”). • Nôm form of đờ (“sluggish”). 陀
陲 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djol) : semantic 阜 (“soil mountain”) + phonetic 垂 (OC *djol) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dzywe frontier; border 陲 • (su) · 陲 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu) 陲
隍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaːŋ) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 皇 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : hwang dry moat • the tutelary deity of a Chinese village, town, or city dry moat 隍 • (hwang) · 隍 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang) canonical : 隍: Hán Việt readings: hoàng 隍: Nôm readings: hoàng chữ Hán form of hoàng (“dry moat”). 隍
随 ‖ 随(ずい) • (zui) ‖ 随(ずい) • (zui) ^†-nari ‖ 随(まにま) • (manima) follow, though, notwithstanding • while, during, according to • to obey, submit, comply, act as one is told to ‖ ‖ ‖ following, accompaniment, compliance 随 • (su) · 随 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu) 随
隕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢunʔ) : semantic 𨸏 + phonetic 員 (OC *ɢon, *ɢun). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢunʔ) : semantic 𨸏 + phonetic 員 (OC *ɢon, *ɢun). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ún • Middle-Chinese : hwinX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ to fall • (literary) to destroy • (literary) to lose • (obsolete) Alternative form of 殞／殒 (yǔn, “to die”) ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 員／员 (“surroundings”) ‖ 隕(いん) • (in) ^(←ゐん (win)?) ‖ fall; fall from the sky to the ground 隕 (eumhun 떨어질 운 (tteoreojil un)) hanja form of 운 (“fall”) Hán-Nôm : vẫn 隕
隴 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roŋʔ) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóng • Middle-Chinese : ljowngX (～山) Mount Long, a mountain in Gansu, China • (～縣) Long County (a county of Shaanxi, China) • Alternative name for 甘肅／甘肃 (Gānsù, “Gansu”). • Alternative form of 壟／垄 (lǒng, “mound; ridge; grave”) • (literary, obsolete) to flourish • a surname hill • mound 隴 • (rong>nong) · 隴 • (rong>nong) (hangeul 롱>농, revised rong>nong, McCune–Reischauer rong>nong, Yale long>nong) Hán-Nôm : luống • Hán-Nôm : lủng • Hán-Nôm : lũng • Hán-Nôm : lõng • Hán-Nôm : lúng 隴
隷 subordinate, dependency 隷
隸 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯːds) : phonetic 柰 (OC *naːds) + semantic 隶 (“arrest”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Middle-Chinese : lejH (historical) A class of lowly persons or servants in ancient China. • to be subordinate • clerical script Alternative form of 隷. 隸 (eumhun 종 례 (jong rye), word-initial (South Korea) 종 예 (jong ye)) hanja form of 례/예 (“be subserviant to, servant”) Hán-Nôm : lệ 隸
雉 From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rik ~ *s-ryak (“pheasant, partridge”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). \ *Inside Chinese, cognate with 翟 (OC *r'aːwɢ, *l'eːwɢ, “long-tailed pheasant”) and 雒 (OC *ɡ·raːɡ). \ *Outside Chinese, cognate with Burmese ရစ် (rac), Tibetan སྲེག་པ (sreg pa, “partridge”), Mizo va-hrit. & possibly Chepang [script needed] (rut-waʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǐ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thī • Middle-Chinese : drijX pheasant • crenellated wall • an ancient Chinese measuring unit of the area of walls equivalent to three chi in length by one chi in height ‖ 雉(きじ) or 雉(キジ) • (kiji) green pheasant ‖ a green pheasant 雉 (eum 치 (chi)) Hán-Nôm : trĩ 雉
雋 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 隹 (“bird”) + 弓 (“bow”). \ A bow is aiming at a bird upward. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 隹 (“bird”) + 弓 (“bow”). \ A bow is aiming at a bird upward. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon³ • Middle-Chinese : dzjwenX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣˋ (obsolete, especially of bird meat) plump; fatty; rich; delicious • (literary) meaningful; thought-provoking • a surname ‖ (literary) Alternative form of 俊 (jùn, “one who is superior in talent; superior in talent”) excel 雋 • (jun) · 雋 • (jun) (hangeul 준, revised jun, McCune–Reischauer chun, Yale cwun) Hán-Nôm : tuấn 雋
雍 Variant form of 雝. It's likely that the phonetic component 邕 (OC *qoŋ) corrupted into 玄 at some point since their shapes looked similar in pre-Qin scripts. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong • Middle-Chinese : 'jowng • Middle-Chinese : 'jowngH (literary) harmony; peace • (literary) harmonious • Alternative form of 壅 (“to obstruct”) • Alternative form of 擁／拥 (yōng, “to hold”) • Alternative form of 饔 (yōng, “cooked food”) • a surname softening • mitigation 雍 • (ong) · 雍 • (ong) (hangeul 옹, revised ong, McCune–Reischauer ong, Yale ong) Hán-Nôm : ủng • Hán-Nôm : úng • Hán-Nôm : ung 雍
雛 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zro) : phonetic 芻 (OC *sʰro) + semantic 隹 (“bird”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : co⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : co¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sû • Middle-Chinese : dzrju chick; fledgling • infant; toddler • young; small • Used in 鵷雛／鹓雏. ‖ 雛(ひな) • (hina) ‖ 雛(ひな) • (hina-) ‖ 雛(ひいな) • (hīna) ^(←ひひな (fifina)?) ‖ 雛(ひよこ) • (hiyoko) ‖ 雛(ひよっこ) • (hiyokko) ‖ 雛(すう) • (sū) ‖ a type of small doll, typically standing upright in the Heian period, changing style to a seated posture in the Muromachi period • short for 雛祭り (Hina matsuri) • a chick, a young bird: see the reading hiyoko below ‖ diminutive prefix, carrying favorable connotations such as a sense of cuteness ‖ (archaic) doll ‖ chick, young bird • child; youngling, greenhorn ‖ a chick, a young bird • a child; a youngling, a greenhorn ‖ young, new, a greenhorn 雛 (eum 추 (chu)) Hán-Nôm : sồ 雛
雞 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keː) : phonetic 奚 (OC *ɡeː) + semantic 隹 (“short-tailed bird”). \ Onomatopoeic (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Vietic *r-kaa (> Vietnamese gà), Proto-Tai *kajᴮ (“chicken”), Proto-Hmong-Mien *Kəi. \ * (to fire): From 無情雞／无情鸡 (mou⁴ cing⁴ gai¹, “pink slip”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ke • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kere • Middle-Chinese : kej chicken; fowl (Classifier: 隻／只 m c) • 10th of the Chinese zodiac animals (rooster) • (slang) female prostitute • (slang) penis • (Cantonese, Huicheng dialect) whistle • (Cantonese, Huicheng dialect, Hokkien) trigger (of a gun) • (Cantonese) weak; useless • (Cantonese, non-productive) Suffix for adjectives describing a weak or useless person. • (Cantonese) to fire; to sack • (Cantonese) Alternative form of 笄 chicken (domesticated fowl) • bird 雞 (eumhun 닭 계 (dak gye)) hanja form of 계 (“chicken”) canonical : 雞: Nôm readings: gà 雞: Hán Nôm readings: kê chicken 雞
雯 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯn) : semantic 雨 + phonetic 文 (OC *mɯn). \ From 文 (OC *mɯn, “mark; design; pattern”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bûn • Middle-Chinese : mjun multicoloured clouds patter • rattle 雯 • (mun) · 雯 • (mun) (hangeul 문, revised mun, McCune–Reischauer mun, Yale mun) Hán-Nôm : văn 雯
霆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 廷 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 廷 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ting⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thîng • Middle-Chinese : deng • Middle-Chinese : dengX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tân thunderclap; thunder • lightning ‖ (Southern Min) to make a sound; to ring 霆 • (jeong) · 霆 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng) 霆
霏 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei¹ • Middle-Chinese : phj+j falling of snow and rain haze • fall of snow 霏 • (bi) · 霏 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi) Hán-Nôm : phi • Hán-Nôm : phay 霏
霑 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ Alternative form of 沾 • (figurative) gratefulness of a lover moisten, soak, water 霑 • (jeom) · 霑 • (jeom) (hangeul 점, revised jeom, McCune–Reischauer chŏm, Yale cem) Hán-Nôm : dìm • Hán-Nôm : triêm • Hán-Nôm : chiêm 霑
霓 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nî • Middle-Chinese : ngej • Middle-Chinese : ngejH • Middle-Chinese : nget secondary rainbow rainbow 霓 (eumhun 무지개 예 (mujigae ye)) hanja form of 예 (“rainbow”) 霓 (nghê, nghi, nghé, mống) 霓
霖 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîm • Middle-Chinese : lim (literary) long spell of rain; continuous rain Rain spell, long rain 霖 • (rim>im) · 霖 • (rim>im) (hangeul 림>임, revised rim>im, McCune–Reischauer rim>im, Yale lim>im) Hán-Nôm : lâm • Hán-Nôm : lấm • Hán-Nôm : rầm 霖
霪 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁴ • Middle-Chinese : yim (literary) long and persistent rain rain lasting at least ten days 霪 • (eum) · 霪 • (eum) (hangeul 음, revised eum, McCune–Reischauer ŭm, Yale um) 霪
霽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsliːls) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zai³ • Middle-Chinese : tsejH (literary) to clear up after rain • to cease being angry • bright; sunny 霽 • (je) · 霽 • (je) (hangeul 제, revised je, McCune–Reischauer che, Yale cey) Hán-Nôm : tễ 霽
霾 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrɯː) : semantic 雨 + phonetic 貍 (OC *p·rɯ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maai⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁴ • Middle-Chinese : meaj fog; haze • misty; foggy • dust storm 霾 • (mae) · 霾 • (mae) (hangeul 매, revised mae, McCune–Reischauer mae, Yale may) 霾
靂 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːɡ) : semantic 雨 + phonetic 歷 (OC *reːɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lik⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Middle-Chinese : lek Only used in 霹靂／霹雳 (pīlì). thunder 靂 (eumhun 벼락 력 (byeorak ryeok), word-initial (South Korea) 벼락 역 (byeorak yeok)) hanja form of 력/역 (“thunder”) Hán-Nôm : rích 靂
靄 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːds, *qaːd) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 謁 (OC *qad) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi² • Middle-Chinese : 'ajH • Middle-Chinese : 'at mist; haze ‖ 靄(もや) • (moya) ‖ 靄(あい) • (ai) ‖ 靄(あい) • (Ai) ‖ (meteorology, also figurative) mist ‖ mist, haze • mistiness, haziness ‖ a female given name 靄 • (ae) · 靄 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ay) 靄
静 ‖ 静(せい) • (sei) ‖ 静(せい) • (sei) ‖ 静(じょう) • (jō) ‖ 静(じょう) • (jō) ^(←じやう (zyau)?) calm, quiet, silent ‖ quiet • still, unmoving ‖ stillness ‖ still, fixed, unmoving ‖ (Buddhism) equanimity, upekkhā, a state untroubled by attachment or aversion 静
靛 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiānn indigo (dye) • indigo (colour) 靛 • (jeon) · 靛 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen) 靛
靦 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : min⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bián ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tin² ‖ Used in 靦腆／腼腆 (miǎntiǎn, “shy”). impudent • feel ashamed 靦 • (jeon) · 靦 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen) 靦
靨 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qeb) : phonetic 厭 (OC *qemʔ, *qems, *qeb) + semantic 面 (“face”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iap • Middle-Chinese : 'jiep (literary) dimple (of the face) ‖ 靨(えくぼ) • (ekubo) ^(←ゑくぼ (wekubo)?) dimple ‖ a dimple (skin depression, especially at corners of the mouth) 靨 • (yeop) · 靨 • (yeop) (hangeul 엽, revised yeop, McCune–Reischauer yŏp, Yale yep) Hán-Nôm : yếp • Hán-Nôm : diệp 靨
靼 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daat³ • Middle-Chinese : tat • Middle-Chinese : tsyet tanned skin • tartars 靼 (eum 달 (dal)) 靼
鞅 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng² • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng³ • Middle-Chinese : 'jangX martingale (leather strap around a horse's neck) • (alt. form 怏) dissatisfied; discontented 鞅 • (ang) · 鞅 • (ang) (hangeul 앙, revised ang, McCune–Reischauer ang, Yale ang) 鞅
鞏 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koŋʔ) : phonetic 巩 (OC *koŋʔ) + semantic 革. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khōng • Middle-Chinese : kjowngX to fasten using a leather band • to secure; to consolidate • firm; secure • Alternative form of 栱 (gǒng, “post, pillar”) • Alternative form of 恐 (kǒng, “to fear”) • (～國) (historical) State of Gong (a small state during the Spring and Autumn period in modern-day Henan) • (～縣) (historical) Gong County (in modern-day Gongyi, Henan) • (～州) (historical) Gong Prefecture (in modern-day Gong County, Sichuan) • (～州) (historical) Gong Prefecture (in modern-day Longxi County, Gansu) • a surname. Gong 鞏 (eum 공 (gong)) Hán-Nôm : củng 鞏
鞘 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu³ • Middle-Chinese : sjewH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saau¹ • Middle-Chinese : sraew scabbard; sheath • tube used to carry valuables ‖ thong ‖ 鞘(さや) • (saya) ‖ sheath • case • margin 鞘 • (cho) · 鞘 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho) 鞘
鞣 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : nyuw • Middle-Chinese : nyuwH to tan (of hides, leather, etc.) 鞣 • (yu) · 鞣 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu) 鞣
鞦 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiu • Middle-Chinese : tshjuw (in compounds or dialectal) swing (hanging seat) ‖ 鞦(しりがい) • (shirigai) 鞦 • (chu) · 鞦 • (chu) (hangeul 추, revised chu, McCune–Reischauer ch'u, Yale chwu) 鞦
韁 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiang • Middle-Chinese : kjang bridle • reins reins • halter • bridle 韁 • (gang) · 韁 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang) reins • bridle Hán-Nôm : cương 韁
韃 For pronunciation and definitions of 韃 – see 撻 (“to flog; to chastise; etc.”). \ (This character is a variant form of 撻). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : that Used in 韃靼／鞑靼 (dádá). • General name for ethnic groups living in Northern China. Tatars 韃 • (dal) · 韃 • (dal) (hangeul 달, revised dal, McCune–Reischauer tal, Yale tal) canonical : 韃: Hán Việt readings: thát 韃
韆 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshian • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khan • Middle-Chinese : tshjen (in compounds) swing (hanging seat) 韆 • (cheon) · 韆 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen) 韆
韋 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 舛 + 囗 – footsteps around an enclosure. Possibly the original character for 圍 (OC *ɢʷɯl, *ɢʷɯls, “to surround”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uî • Middle-Chinese : hjw+j (archaic) tanned leather • Original form of 圍／围 (wéi, “to surround”). • a surname 韋 (eum 위 (wi)) Hán-Nôm : vi 韋
韌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯns) : semantic 韋 + phonetic 刃 (OC *njɯns). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǔn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jīm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jīn • Middle-Chinese : nyinH strong; tough; robust; sturdy • (Cantonese) tough; hard to chew or cut 韌
韜 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho • Middle-Chinese : thaw (literary) sheath; scabbard; bow case • (figuratively) to hide; to conceal • art of war; military strategies 韜 (eum 도 (do)) Hán-Nôm : thao 韜
韶 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siâu • Middle-Chinese : dzyew (obsolete) name of a piece of music at the time of Emperor Shun • (literary) splendid; beautiful • (obsolete) to carry forward; to carry on • (obsolete) Nephelium chryseum (WP) • (～州) (historical) Shao (a former prefecture of Guangdong, China) • a surname 韶 (eumhun 풍류 이름 소 (pungnyu ireum so)) · 韶 (eumhun 아름다울 소 (areumdaul so)) Hán-Nôm : thiều 韶
頁 Pictogram (象形) : 首 + 卩 – head of a kneeling person, emphasising “head”. \ 頁 and 首 (OC *hljuʔ, *hljus) were originally the same pictographic character with the same meaning of “head”, and the graphical difference was that 頁 also included the body in addition to the head of the person. \ 頁 was later used as an alternative popular form of 葉 (“leaf; page”) to mean “sheet; page (of paper)”, which is its main meaning today. \ The original sense of “head” is preserved in the radical 頁, which is used in characters such as 頭 (“head”) and 頸 (“neck”). \ Alternative form of 葉／叶 (“leaf; sheet (of paper)”). ‖ Original meaning of this character. Cantonese · Jyutping : jip⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍h ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia̍t • Middle-Chinese : het sheet (of paper) • page • (computing) page • Classifier for pages. • (Mainland China Hokkien) to flip through (a book, document, etc.) • a surname: Ye ‖ head ‖ big shell • page • leaf ‖ 頁 (eumhun 머리 혈 (meori hyeol)) · 頁 (eumhun 책 면 엽 (chaek myeon yeop)) hanja form of 엽 (“page”) Hán-Nôm : hiệt • Hán-Nôm : hệt 頁
頡 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kriːd, *ɡiːd) : phonetic 吉 (OC *klid) + semantic 頁 (“head”). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Middle-Chinese : het ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaat³ • Middle-Chinese : keat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : git³ to fly up • to straighten the neck • a surname ‖ to embezzle; to rob • Used in 頡羹／颉羹. ‖ Alternative form of 桔, only used in 頡皋／颉皋. 頡 • (hil, gal) · 頡 • (hil, gal) (hangeul 힐, 갈, revised hil, gal, McCune–Reischauer hil, kal, Yale hil, kal) Hán-Nôm : gật • Hán-Nôm : hiệt • Hán-Nôm : hệt 頡
頤 May have originally been written 𦣞, a pictogram (象形) of a chin, in which case the modern form is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lɯ) : phonetic 𦣞 (, “chin”) + semantic 頁 (“head”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yi (literary) chin; jaw; cheek • (literary) to nourish; to maintain one's health • 27th hexagram of the I Ching • a surname chin • jaw 頤 (eum 이 (i)) cheeks • jaw • chin • rear • to nourish Hán-Nôm : di 頤
頰 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keːb) : phonetic 夾 (OC *kreːb) + semantic 頁 (“head”) – part of the head. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiap • Middle-Chinese : kep (anatomy) cheek cheeks • jaw 頰 (eum 협 (hyeop)) cheeks • jaw • amenity Hán-Nôm : giáp 頰
頷 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ) : phonetic 含 (OC *ɡɯːm) + semantic 頁 (“head”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gam (“jaw; chin; molar”) (STEDT). \ Bodman (1980) considers it to be the endoactive of 含 (OC *ɡɯːm, “to hold in the mouth”), literally “the thing that holds something in the mouth”. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ǎm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǎm • Middle-Chinese : hom • Middle-Chinese : homX chin; jowl • to nod • (Southern Min) neck • a surname the chin; the lower jaw (あご) • to nod (うなずく) 頷 • (am) · 頷 • (am) (hangeul 암) Hán-Nôm : hạm • Hán-Nôm : ham • Hán-Nôm : hàm • Hán-Nôm : hợm 頷
頸 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keŋʔ, *ɡeŋ) : phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ) + semantic 頁 (“body part”). \ Schuessler (2007) compares this to Tibetan སྐེ (ske, “neck”), Chepang केक् (kek, “neck”), कय्क् (kəyk, “neck, stem”), and suggests that this word is part of a larger word family based on a Sino-Tibetan root *ke (“concave”). These Tibeto-Burman comparanda are given under Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s/m-kej-k (“neck”) in STEDT. \ Wang (1982) relates this to 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, “neck”), but Schuessler (2007) finds this relationship unlikely. ‖ Usually considered to be the colloquial reading of etymology 1. Wang (2016) considers the semantic narrowing from “neck” to “nape” in the limited context of 脖_子 to be implausible. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Middle-Chinese : gjieng • Middle-Chinese : kjiengX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥˇ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kún neck (Classifier: 條／条 c) • neck-like thing ‖ Used in colloquial words for the nape. ‖ Only used in 頷頸／颔颈 and its variants. ‖ 頸(くび) • (kubi) ‖ Alternative form of 首 頸 (eumhun 목 경 (mok gyeong)) hanja form of 경 (“neck”) [affix] Hán-Nôm : nghỉnh • Hán-Nôm : cảnh 頸
頹 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : teoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuē • Middle-Chinese : dwoj Alternative form of 禿／秃 (tū, “bald”) • to fall; to drop • to collapse; to disintegrate • to decline; to degenerate; to decay; to become dilapidated • dejected; depressed; down; listless • aged; old and feeble • (ideophonic) respectful and submissive • genitals of a male horse • (Cantonese) to be dispirited; to be depressed • a surname 頹 • (toe) · 頹 • (toe) (hangeul 퇴, revised toe, McCune–Reischauer t'oe, Yale thoy) Hán-Nôm : tồi poor; bad; mediocre 頹
顆 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fo² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kher • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khò • Middle-Chinese : khwaX Classifier for small round objects. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier ‖ 顆(か) • (-ka) ^(←くゎ (kwa)?) ‖ 顆(か) • (ka) ^(←くゎ (kwa)?) grain (e.g. rice) ‖ indicates small round things, such as gemstones, fruit, stones, tears ‖ a condyle 顆 (eum 과 (gwa)) grain, kernel Hán-Nôm : khỏa • Hán-Nôm : khoả • Hán-Nôm : lõa • Hán-Nôm : loã • Hán-Nôm : khỏ • Hán-Nôm : khở • Hán-Nôm : khửa • Hán-Nôm : khủa • Hán-Nôm : khảu 顆
顏 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋraːn) : phonetic 彥 (OC *ŋrans) + semantic 頁 (“head”). \ Bronze inscription forms: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋraːn) : phonetic 产 () + semantic 面 (“face”). \ Various possibilities exist: \ * Related to 額 (OC *ŋɡraːɡ, “forehead”) (Wang, 1982); \ * From 迓 (OC *ŋraːs, “to receive; to welcome”) + nominalising suffix *-n (Schuessler, 2007); \ * Related to Tibetan ངར (ngar, “front side”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ * From a root *ŋ(ˤ)rar (“slope, nearly vertical side”), whence also 涯 (OC *ŋˤrar, “river bank”), 巘 (OC *ŋ(r)ar(ʔ), “hill”), & 山 (OC *s-ŋrar, “mountain”) (Baxter & Sagart, 2014). \ * Cognate with Japhug tɯrŋa (“face”), Khroskyabs rŋá (Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiânn • Middle-Chinese : ngaen (literary, anatomy) forehead, especially the glabellar area • countenance; facial expression • color; hue • prestige; dignity • a surname Kyūjitai form of 顔 (face; expression) 顏 • (an) · 顏 • (an) (hangeul 안, McCune–Reischauer an, Yale an) face • facial appearance Hán-Nôm : nhan 顏
顔 Variant form of 顏 (彥 → 彦). ‖ 顔(かお) • (kao) ^(←かほ (kafo)?) ‖ 顔(がん) • (gan) face • expression ‖ a person's face • a person's reputation ‖ look; face; expression • color 顔 (eumhun 얼굴 안 (eolgul an)) hanja form of 안 (“face”) Hán-Nôm : nhan • Hán-Nôm : nhăn 顔
顛 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːn, *tʰiːns) : phonetic 真 (OC *ʔljin) + semantic 頁 (“head”). \ ; “top; peak” ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːn, *tʰiːns) : phonetic 真 (OC *ʔljin) + semantic 頁 (“head”). \ ; “top; peak” ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːn, *tʰiːns) : phonetic 真 (OC *ʔljin) + semantic 頁 (“head”). \ ; “top; peak” Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tian • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thian • Middle-Chinese : ten ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˋ top of the head; crown • top; peak; summit • to fall; to topple; to upset • inverted • to bump; to jerk; to jolt • Alternative form of 癲／癫 (diān, “to be crazy; to go mad”) • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 闐／阗 (tián, “full”) • Used in 顛顛／颠颠 (tiántián). ‖ Alternative form of 瑱 (“jade ornaments hung over the ears”) ‖ Extended shinjitai form of 顚 ‖ 顛 • (jeon) · 顛 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen) Alternative form of 顚 Hán-Nôm : điên • Hán-Nôm : đen 顛
顫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjans) : phonetic 亶 (OC *taːnʔ) + semantic 頁 (“head”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsùn • Middle-Chinese : tsyenH to shake; to vibrate; to tremble • to shiver; to tremble 顫 • (jeon) · 顫 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen) Hán-Nôm : chiến • Hán-Nôm : chiên 顫
顰 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bjin (literary) to frown; to knit one's brows scowl, raised eyebrows 顰 • (bin) · 顰 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin) 顰
顱 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *b·raː) : phonetic 盧 (OC *b·raː) + semantic 頁 (“head”). Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Middle-Chinese : lu (anatomy) skull • (by extension) head • (anatomy) forehead 顱 • (ro>no) · 顱 • (ro>no) (hangeul 로>노, revised ro>no, McCune–Reischauer ro>no, Yale lo>no) 顱
颯 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sap • Middle-Chinese : sop (literary, onomatopoeia) sound of wind • valiant; grand • to decline; to wither • ^† suddenly storm • gust • gale 颯 • (sap) · 颯 • (sap) (hangeul 삽, revised sap, McCune–Reischauer sap, Yale sap) 颯
颱 Cantonese · Jyutping : toi⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄞˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thai typhoon typhoon 颱 • (tae) · 颱 • (tae) (hangeul 태, revised tae, McCune–Reischauer t'ae, Yale thay) typhoon 颱
颳 Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaat³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuah (of wind) to blow 颳 • (gwal) · 颳 • (gwal) (hangeul 괄) 颳
颶 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kū typhoon; hurricane 颶 (eum 구 (gu)) Hán-Nôm : cụ 颶
颺 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iǎnn • Middle-Chinese : yang • Middle-Chinese : yangH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiûnn (Hokkien) to flutter • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to fan • (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to wave away; to flick; to whisk • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to brandish something out to someone then immediately put it away ‖ (Taiwanese Hokkien) to let the wind blow soar • fly • float • scatter 颺 • (yang) · 颺 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang) fly 颺
颼 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sau sound of wind • to blow (as of wind) 颼 • (su) · 颼 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu) 颼
飄 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰew, *bew) : phonetic 票 (OC *pʰew) + semantic 風 (“wind”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiau • Middle-Chinese : bjiew • Middle-Chinese : phjiew to drift • to flutter (in the wind) • (of snow) to fall • complacent ‖ 飄(ひょう) • (hyō) ^(←へう (feu)?) ‖ whirlwind • (of wind) fluttering • transcendence • Alternative spelling of 嫖 (hyō): 飄 • (pyo) · 飄 • (pyo) (hangeul 표, revised pyo, McCune–Reischauer p'yo, Yale phyo) Hán-Nôm : phiêu 飄
飧 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 夕 (“night; evening; dusk”) + 食 (“food”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun¹ • Middle-Chinese : swon evening meal; supper; dinner • cooked food • to immerse cooked grain in water 飧 • (son) · 飧 • (son) (hangeul 손, revised son, McCune–Reischauer son, Yale son) 飧
飩 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tan¹ • Middle-Chinese : dwon Only used in 餛飩／馄饨. Japanese Noodles 飩 (eum 돈 (don)) canonical : 飩: Hán Việt readings: đồn 飩
飪 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯmʔ) : semantic 食 (“food”) + phonetic 壬 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋʔ, *njɯm). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jīm • Middle-Chinese : nyimX to cook thoroughly 飪 • (im) · 飪 • (im) (hangeul 임, revised im, McCune–Reischauer im, Yale im) Hán-Nôm : nhẫm • Hán-Nôm : nhẩm 飪
飭 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰɯɡ) : phonetic 飤 (OC *ljɯɡs) + semantic 力 \ Causative devoicing of 力 (OC *rɯɡ, “rhək”). See there for etymology. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Middle-Chinese : trhik (literary) to put in order; to readjust; to rectify • (literary) to order; to instruct • (literary) cautious; careful; prudent • (literary) Alternative form of 飾／饰 (shì, “to decorate; to adorn”) 飭 • (chik) · 飭 • (chik) (hangeul 칙, revised chik, McCune–Reischauer ch'ik, Yale chik) canonical : 飭: Nôm readings: sức strength 飭
飴 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yi ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ syrup or candy made from malt or rice • a kind of soft candy • (obsolete) sweet and delicious food • very sweet ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 飼／饲 (sì) ‖ 飴(あめ) or 飴(アメ) • (ame) ‖ candy 飴 • (i, si) · 飴 • (i, si) (hangeul 이, 시, revised i, si, McCune–Reischauer i, si, Yale i, si) Hán-Nôm : di 飴
餃 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 飠 (“food, eat”) + phonetic 交 (OC *kreːw) – a kind of food. \ From 角 (jiǎo, “horn”), named for its horn-like shape (Norman, 1988). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káu stuffed dumpling • (Teochew) wonton 餃 • (gyo) · 餃 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo) Hán-Nôm : giáo • Hán-Nôm : giảo • Hán-Nôm : cảo (only in compound há cảo and sủi cảo) dumpling 餃
餉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljaŋs) : semantic 食 (“food”) + phonetic 向 (OC *hljaŋs, *hlaŋs). \ Of Hmong-Mien origin. Compare Proto-Hmong-Mien *hnrəaŋᴴ (Schuessler, 2003). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoeng² • Middle-Chinese : syangH (literary) to entertain with food and beverage • rations and pay for soldiers and other officials ‖ 餉(かれいい) • (kareii) ^(←かれいひ (kareifi)?) boiled rice • give, provide • food, diet ‖ Alternative spelling of 乾飯 (kareii): dried boiled rice 餉 • (hyang) · 餉 • (hyang) (hangeul 향, revised hyang, McCune–Reischauer hyang, Yale hyang) Hán-Nôm : hướng 餉
餒 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nuːlʔ) : semantic 食 + phonetic 妥 (OC *n̥ʰoːlʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : neoi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : noi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lué • Middle-Chinese : nwojX hungry; starving; famished • discouraged; dispirited; disheartened • (literary, of fish) rotten; putrid 餒 • (noe) · 餒 • (noe) (hangeul 뇌, revised noe, McCune–Reischauer noe, Yale noy) 餒
餛 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwon Only used in 餛飩／馄饨 (húntun). 餛 • (hon) · 餛 • (hon) (hangeul 혼, revised hon, McCune–Reischauer hon) 餛
餞 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zlenʔ, *zlens) : semantic 食 (“hand”) + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsián • Middle-Chinese : dzjenX • Middle-Chinese : dzjenH to give a farewell party; to see off; to send off • to preserve fruits in honey or syrup ‖ 餞(はなむけ) • (hanamuke) ‖ 餞(せん) • (sen) ‖ farewell gift ‖ an exchange of farewells • a farewell or parting gift ‖ a farewell or parting gift ‖ to see someone depart 餞 • (jeon) · 餞 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen) Hán-Nôm : tiễn 餞
餡 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡroːms) : semantic 飠 (“food”) + phonetic 臽 (OC *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms) – a kind of food. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hām filling (for dumplings, buns, etc.) • (Cantonese, figurative, informal, humorous) baby in the womb; embryo; fetus ‖ 餡(あん) • (an) bean jam ‖ bean jam 餡 • (ham) · 餡 • (ham) (hangeul 함, revised ham, McCune–Reischauer ham, Yale ham) Hán-Nôm : hãm 餡
餵 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrols) : semantic 食 + phonetic 畏 (OC *quls). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uè to feed (animal, person) • to raise; to keep (animal) Hán-Nôm : ổi • Hán-Nôm : uy 餵
餽 For pronunciation and definitions of 餽 – see 饋 (“to send gift; to offer food to a superior; etc.”). \ (This character is a variant traditional form of 饋). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : gwijH to make an offering to the gods • a surname 餽 • (gwe) · 餽 • (gwe) (hangeul 궤, revised gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwe, Yale kwey) canonical : 餽: Nôm readings: quẩy Nôm form of quẩy. 餽
餾 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˋ • Middle-Chinese : ljuw • Middle-Chinese : ljuwH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˋ ‖ steamed rice Hán-Nôm : lựu • Hán-Nôm : lưu 餾
餿 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk¹ (of food) to spoil and stink 餿
饅 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moːn) : semantic 食 + phonetic 曼 (OC *moːn, *mons). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bân • Middle-Chinese : man 饅 • (man) · 饅 • (man) (hangeul 만, revised man, McCune–Reischauer man, Yale man) Hán-Nôm : man 饅
饑 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯl) : semantic 食 + phonetic 幾 (OC *kɯl, *kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl, *ɡɯls). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Middle-Chinese : kj+j crop failure; famine; a year in which harvest is poor • Alternative form of 飢／饥 (“hunger”) 饑 • (gi) · 饑 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki) Hán-Nôm : cơ 饑
饒 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋjew, *ŋjaws) : semantic 食 (“food”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiâu • Middle-Chinese : nyew • Middle-Chinese : nyewH abundant; plentiful • to forgive; to have mercy on; to let off; to spare • (Mandarin, colloquial, often of the vendor) to give as a giveaway, or as an extra • (colloquial) even though; though; despite • a surname abundant 饒 • (yo) · 饒 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo) Hán-Nôm : nhiêu • Hán-Nôm : nhau • Hán-Nôm : nheo • Hán-Nôm : nhiều • Hán-Nôm : sèo • Hán-Nôm : xèo 饒
饜 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qem, *qems) : phonetic 厭 (OC *qemʔ, *qems, *qeb) + semantic 食 (“food”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ià • Middle-Chinese : 'jiem • Middle-Chinese : 'jiemH to be full (after eating); to be satiated • to be satisfied be satiated • eat one's full 饜 • (yeom) · 饜 • (yeom) (hangeul 염, revised yeom, McCune–Reischauer yŏm, Yale yem) be satiated • eat one's full Hán-Nôm : yếm 饜
饞 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zrɯːm) : semantic 飠 (“to eat; food”) + phonetic 毚 (OC *zrɯːm, *zraːm). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshâm • Middle-Chinese : dzream ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : sâi gluttonous; greedy • lewd; lecherous ‖ (Southern Min) gluttonous; ravenous gluttonous • greedy • lewd • lecher 饞 • (cham) · 饞 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham) gluttonous • greedy • lewd • lecherous canonical : 饞: Hán Việt readings: sàm 饞: Nôm readings: thèm • canonical : thiểm Nôm form of thèm (“to want; to crave”). 饞
馥 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *brɯɡ, *buɡ) : semantic 香 (“fragrance”) + phonetic 复 (OC *buɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *brɯɡ, *buɡ) : semantic 香 (“fragrance”) + phonetic 复 (OC *buɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fuk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fuk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : bjuwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Middle-Chinese : bik (literary) fragrance; scent; aroma • (literary) fragrant; aromatic ‖ (onomatopoeia) sound of an arrow striking 馥 • (bok) · 馥 • (bok) (hangeul 복, revised bok, McCune–Reischauer pok, Yale pok) Hán-Nôm : phục • Hán-Nôm : phúc • Hán-Nôm : phốc • Hán-Nôm : phức 馥
馭 From simplified from 𩣓 (漢語多功能字庫). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ngjoH to drive a chariot or carriage • driver of a chariot or carriage • to control; to manage; to govern 馭 (eum 어 (eo)) Hán-Nôm : ngự • Hán-Nôm : ngựa • Hán-Nôm : ngừa • Hán-Nôm : lừa horse (large four-legged animal) 馭
馮 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *brɯŋ, *bɯŋ) : phonetic 仌 (OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ) + semantic 馬 (“horse”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *brɯŋ, *bɯŋ) : phonetic 仌 (OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ) + semantic 馬 (“horse”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : bjuwng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pang⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bing a place near modern Luoyang • a surname ‖ to gallop • (alt. form 淜, 憑／凭) to wade; to cross a river on foot • full; great • to covet • to bully • to seize; to encroach on • to climb; to ascend • Alternative form of 憑／凭 (píng, “to lean on”) (proper name character) 馮 • (pung) · 馮 • (pung) (hangeul 풍, revised pung, McCune–Reischauer p'ung, Yale phung) Hán-Nôm : Phùng a Vietnamese surname 馮
馱 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːl, *daːds) : semantic 馬 + phonetic 大 (OC *daːds, *daːds). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːl, *daːds) : semantic 馬 + phonetic 大 (OC *daːds, *daːds). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuâ • Middle-Chinese : da ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : do⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo • Middle-Chinese : daH to carry on the back (especially by a pack animal) ‖ load carried by a pack animal 馱 (eum 타 (ta)) Hán-Nôm : đà • Hán-Nôm : thồ 馱
馳 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tî • Middle-Chinese : drje to speed; to gallop • to spread afar • (literary) to long for; to be eager for • (literary) to chase 馳 • (chi) · 馳 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi) Hán-Nôm : trì 馳
馴 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn • Middle-Chinese : zwin tame; docile: obedient • to tame • 77th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "compliance" (𝍒) get used to • experienced • tamed 馴 • (sun, hun) · 馴 • (sun, hun) (hangeul 순, 훈, revised sun, hun, McCune–Reischauer sun, hun, Yale swun, hwun) Hán-Nôm : thuần • Hán-Nôm : tuần 馴
駁 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːwɢ) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 爻 (OC *ɢraːw). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bruk (“piebald”) (Schuessler, 2007, STEDT); cognate with Burmese ပြောက် (prauk, “spotted, speckled”), Karbi pʰròk, Jingpho prúʔ, Mru preu (“of mixed colors”). Another Chinese cognate may be 斑 (OC *praːn). \ 豹 (OC *preːwɢs, “leopard”) is its exopassive derivative, literally meaning, "the spotted one". Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : poh • Middle-Chinese : paewk (of a horse's fur) variegated • mixed; heterogenous; impure • to refute; to rebut • to transport by barge • barge; lighter • suddenly • (Cantonese) to connect • Alternative form of 駮／驳 (bó, “a mythical beast that can eat tigers”) variegated • mixed, heterogenous • refute, disprove 駁 (eumhun 논박할 박 (nonbakhal bak)) hanja form of 박 (“to refute; to rebut”) Hán-Nôm : bác 駁
駑 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : nu 駑 (eum 노 (no)) Hán-Nôm : nô 駑
駕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːls) : phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl) + semantic 馬. \ The exopassive of 加 (OC *kraːl, “to add; to attach”). Cognate with Tibetan ཁྲལ (khral, “to impose a tax”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kèe • Middle-Chinese : kaeH to harness; to yoke (an animal, e.g. to a cart) • to drive (a vehicle); to sail (a ship); to fly (a plane) • to direct; to control; to harness • (historical) cart; carriage • (historical) emperor's carriage • (figurative) emperor (especially on a journey) • (Classical) distance a horse travels in a day • giddyup (interjection) ‖ 駕(が) • (ga) ^(←が (ga)?) ‖ vehicle; horse-drawn carriage 駕 (eumhun 멍에 가 (meong'e ga)) hanja form of 가 (“cart; carriage”) Hán-Nôm : giá 駕
駙 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hū • Middle-Chinese : bjuH extra horse • imperial son-in-law 駙 (eum 부 (bu)) side horse • close • fast Hán-Nôm : phò 駙
駛 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *srɯʔ, *srɯs) : semantic 馬 + phonetic 史 (OC *srɯʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sír • Middle-Chinese : sriX • Middle-Chinese : sriH to run quickly; to dash; to scamper; to gallop • to drive (a vehicle); to sail (a vessel); to fly (an aircraft) • (Cantonese) Alternative form of 使 (sai2, “to need to; to need”) • (Taiwanese Hokkien, vulgar) Alternative form of 使 (sái, “to fuck”) 駛 • (sa) · 駛 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa) Hán-Nôm : sử 駛
駝 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːl) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 它 (OC *l̥ʰaːl). Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Middle-Chinese : da camel • to be humpbacked; to be hunchbacked • to carry on the back hump 駝 (eumhun 낙타 타 (nakta ta)) hanja form of 타 (“camel”) Hán-Nôm : đà 駝
駟 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sù • Middle-Chinese : sijH a vehicle drawn by four horses • a horse • to drive; to ride • (archaic) Classifier for vehicles drawn by four horses. • (archaic) Classifier for horses. • a surname 駟 (eum 사 (sa)) Hán-Nôm : tứ 駟
駢 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beːn) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pin⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiân • Middle-Chinese : ben two horses that are side-by-side • side-by-side; parallel; antithetical 駢 • (byeon, byeong) · 駢 • (byeon, byeong) (hangeul 변, 병, revised byeon, byeong, McCune–Reischauer pyŏn, pyŏng, Yale pyen, pyeng) Hán-Nôm : bền • Hán-Nôm : biền 駢
駭 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrɯːʔ) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ) \ ;"to hack" Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǎi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hāi • Middle-Chinese : heajX terrify, frighten • (computing) to hack be surprised 駭 • (hae) · 駭 • (hae) (hangeul 해, revised hae, McCune–Reischauer hae, Yale hay) terrify, frighten, scare • shock Hán-Nôm : hãi • Hán-Nôm : hãy 駭
駱 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːɡ) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍k • Middle-Chinese : lak (obsolete) white horse with black mane • (obsolete) Luoyue (Lạc Việt) • Used in 駱駝／骆驼 (luòtuo, “camel”). • a surname 駱 • (rak>nak) · 駱 • (rak>nak) (hangeul 락>낙, revised rak>nak, McCune–Reischauer rak>nak, Yale lak>nak) Hán-Nôm : lạc 駱
駿 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsùn • Middle-Chinese : tswinH excellent horse; noble steed ‖ 駿(しゅん) • (Shun) ‖ a male given name 駿 • (jun, sun) · 駿 • (jun, sun) (hangeul 준, 순, revised jun, sun, McCune–Reischauer chun, sun, Yale cwun, swun) Hán-Nôm : tuấn 駿
騁 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phìng • Middle-Chinese : trhjengX to gallop; to run • to give free rein to; to release from constraints • to put to use; to showcase 騁 • (bing, jeong) · 騁 • (bing, jeong) (hangeul 빙, 정, revised bing, jeong, McCune–Reischauer ping, chŏng, Yale ping, ceng) Hán-Nôm : sính 騁
騖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moɡs) : phonetic 敄 (OC *moʔ, *mos) + semantic 馬 (“horse”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bū • Middle-Chinese : mjuH gallop • rush about • pursue • run 騖 (eum 무 (mu)) run • sprint Hán-Nôm : vụ 騖
騙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰens) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 扁 (OC *pʰen, *benʔ, *peːnʔ, *beːnʔ) – to mount a horse by swinging a leg across it. \ ; to swindle; to deceive Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pin³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiàn • Middle-Chinese : phjienH to deceive; to fool • to swindle; to cheat out of; to defraud • to mount (a horse) by swinging a leg across to deceive; to fool • to swindle; to cheat out of; to defraud 騙 (eum 편 (pyeon)) Hán-Nôm : biền • Hán-Nôm : biển • Hán-Nôm : phiến 騙
騫 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khian • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hian • Middle-Chinese : khjen 騫 (eum 건 (geon)) 騫
騾 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːl) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 累 (OC *ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols). Written as 驘 in Shuowen. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lêr • Middle-Chinese : lwa mule (offspring of a donkey and a horse, sometimes specifically the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse) (Classifier: 匹 m; 頭／头 m; 隻／只 mn) 騾 • (ra>na) · 騾 • (ra>na) (hangeul 라>나, revised ra>na, McCune–Reischauer ra>na, Yale la>na) Hán-Nôm : loa • Hán-Nôm : la 騾
驀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mraːɡ) : phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ) + semantic 馬 (“horse”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maak⁶ • Middle-Chinese : maek suddenly; quickly; abruptly 驀 (eum 맥 (maek)) Hán-Nôm : mạch 驀
驃 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : biu¹ • Middle-Chinese : bjiewH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : biu¹ • Middle-Chinese : bjiewH (literary) horse with a yellow coat and white spots ‖ (literary, of horses) swift • (literary) valiant • (historical) Pyu city-states 驃 • (pyo) · 驃 • (pyo) (hangeul 표, revised pyo, McCune–Reischauer p'yo, Yale phyo) canonical : 驃: Hán Việt readings: phiếu • canonical : phiêu 驃: Nôm readings: phiêu chữ Hán form of phiêu (“a rapid or courageous steed”). 驃
驕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krew) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 喬 (OC *krew, *ɡrew) \ Cognate with 喬 (OC *krew, *ɡrew, “tall; lofty”), 憍 (OC *krew, “to lift the head”), 撟 (OC *krewʔ, “to lift”), and 嶠 (OC *ɡrews, “peak”). Beyond these, 高 (OC *kaːw, “high; tall”) and 蹻 (OC *krewʔ, “martial; vigorous”) could be allofams (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiau • Middle-Chinese : kjew (likely obsolete) large horse • haughty; arrogant 驕 (eum 교 (gyo)) Hán-Nôm : kiêu 驕
驟 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zrus) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 聚 (OC *zloʔ, *zlos). \ Related to 走 (OC *ʔsoːʔ, “to run”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaau⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsōo • Middle-Chinese : dzrjuwH to gallop; to run • sudden; abrupt • suddenly; abruptly • frequently; repeatedly • (of a horse) fast 驟 (eumhun 달릴 취 (dallil chwi)) canonical : 驟: Hán Việt readings: sậu 驟: Nôm readings: sậu 驟
驢 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *b·ra) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 盧 (OC *b·raː). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Middle-Chinese : ljo donkey; ass (Classifier: 頭／头 m; 條／条 m; 匹 m; 隻／只 c mn) 驢 (eum 려 (ryeo), word-initial (South Korea) 여 (yeo)) Hán-Nôm : lư • Hán-Nôm : lừa 驢
驥 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei³ • Middle-Chinese : kijH (literary) horse that can travel 1000 li in a day; fine steed • (figurative) proficient person; refined and virtuous person fast horse • talent 驥 (eum 기 (gi)) thoroughbred horse • refined and virtuous 驥
驪 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːl, *rel) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 麗 (OC *reːls, *rel). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːl, *rel) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 麗 (OC *reːls, *rel). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : lje • Middle-Chinese : lej ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˊ (literary) pure black horse • (～山) Mount Li in Shaanxi province • (alt. form 孋／㛤) historical tribe in ancient China • a surname ‖ Only used in 驪靬／骊靬 (Chíqián). pair of horses • lustrous black horse 驪 • (ryeo>yeo) · 驪 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye) A pure black horse • A pair of horses Hán-Nôm : li 驪
骯 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ong¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong³ • Middle-Chinese : hangX • Middle-Chinese : khangX Only used in 骯髒／肮脏 (āngzāng). ‖ Only used in 骯髒／肮脏 (kǎngzǎng). 骯 • (hang) · 骯 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang, Yale hang) 骯
骰 From 投 (MC duw, “to throw”). Often read semantically as 色 (MC srik). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄡˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiô • Middle-Chinese : duw die (polyhedron used in games of chance) 骰 (eum 투 (tu)) Hán-Nôm : đầu 骰
骷 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹ 骷 • (go) · 骷 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko) 骷
骼 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːɡ) : semantic 骨 (“bone”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaak³ • Middle-Chinese : kaek bones • Used in 骨骼 (gǔgé, “skeleton”). 骼 • (gyeok) · 骼 • (gyeok) (hangeul 격, revised gyeok, McCune–Reischauer kyŏk, Yale kyek) 骼
髏 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : luw Only used in 髑髏／髑髅 (dúlóu, “skull”). skull 髏 (eumhun 해골 루 (haegol ru), word-initial (South Korea) 해골 누 (haegol nu)) hanja form of 루/누 (“skull”) canonical : 髏: Hán Việt readings: lâu 髏
髒 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaːŋʔ) : semantic 骨 (“bone”) + phonetic 葬 (OC *ʔsaːŋs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaːŋʔ) : semantic 骨 (“bone”) + phonetic 葬 (OC *ʔsaːŋs). Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsòng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤˇ • Middle-Chinese : tsangX dirty; filthy; soiled; foul • to make dirty; to soil; to besmirch; to sully; to stain; to defile; to contaminate • (euphemistic) haunted; possessed by supernatural forces ‖ Only used in 骯髒／肮脏 (kǎngzǎng). 髒 • (jang) · 髒 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang) Hán-Nôm : táng • Hán-Nôm : tảng 髒
髦 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴⁻¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : môo • Middle-Chinese : maw (literary) horse's mane • (literary) outstanding person • (literary) fangs of children • (literary, figurative) child 髦 • (mo) · 髦 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo, Yale mo) 髦
髭 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔse) : semantic 髟 + phonetic 此 (OC *sʰeʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ moustache mustache 髭 (eum 자 (ja)) 髭
髯 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁶ • Middle-Chinese : nyem • Middle-Chinese : nyemH whiskers; beard • person with a lot of beard sideburns, whiskers (cheek hair) 髯 (eumhun 구레나룻 염 (gurenarut yeom)) Alternative form of 髥 (“hanja form of 염 (“beard; mustache”)”) 髯
髻 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kiːds) : semantic 髟 (“long hair”) + phonetic 吉 (OC *klid). \ From 結 (OC *kiːd, “to tie”) + exopassive nominal suffix *-s, literally “something tied” (Baxter and Sagart, 1997, 2014; Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Middle-Chinese : kejH hair worn in a bun or coil; topknot 髻 • (gye) · 髻 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye, Yale kyey) Hán-Nôm : kế 髻
鬃 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zuːŋ, *ʔsoːŋ, *zuːŋ) : semantic 髟 (“appearance of long hair”) + phonetic 宗 (OC *ʔsuːŋ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsang • Middle-Chinese : dzowng • Middle-Chinese : dzraewng mane • (Southern Min) hair • (Teochew, Leizhou Min, Hainanese) hair worn in a bun or coil; bun 鬃
鬆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰluːŋ, *skʰloŋ, *sqʰloŋ) : semantic 髟 (“hair”) + phonetic 松 (OC *sɢloŋ). ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : sung¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : song • Middle-Chinese : sowng • Middle-Chinese : sjowng • Middle-Chinese : tshjowng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˋ • Middle-Chinese : suwngH ^† (of hair) disheveled; unkempt • loose (not fixed in place tightly) • loose; relaxed • to loosen; to relax • useless • dried minced meat • (Cantonese) to leave • (Cantonese) financially solvent • (Cantonese, after numbers) to exceed by a little; to be a little over • (Cantonese, mahjong) Short for 鬆章／松章. ‖ Only used in 𩭩鬆. 鬆 • (song) · 鬆 • (song) (hangeul 송, revised song, McCune–Reischauer song, Yale song) Hán-Nôm : tông 鬆
鬍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 髟 (“hair”) + phonetic 胡 (OC *ɡaː). \ From 胡 (OC *ɡaː, “wattle; dewlap of an animal”), i.e. “that which hangs down from the chin” (Wang, 1980). \ STEDT proposes that this word comes from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-wu (“beard”), but there are phonological problems with this reconstruction. Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ôo beard; moustache; whiskers 鬍 • (ho) · 鬍 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho) Hán-Nôm : hồ • Hán-Nôm : râu 鬍
鬚 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *so) : semantic 髟 (“hair”) + phonetic 須 (OC *so, “beard”). \ Originally written 須, see there for more. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nwat ~ *s-nut (“mouth”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si • Middle-Chinese : sju beard; whisker (Classifier: 條／条 c) • antenna; feeler • whisker-like beard 鬚 (eumhun 수염 수 (suyeom su)) hanja form of 수 (“beard”) Hán-Nôm : tu • Hán-Nôm : tua 鬚
鬢 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pins) : semantic 髟 (“hair”) + phonetic 賓 (OC *mpin). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pìn • Middle-Chinese : pjinH hair on temples 鬢 • (bin) · 鬢 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin) 鬢
鬥 Characters in the same phonetic series (鬥) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) — two figures face-to-face, fighting with bare hands. Some oracle script characters of 鬥／斗 (dòu) show that both of their hair are bristled. The character shape resembles 𠨭 and 丮 opposite each other. \ 鬥／斗 (dòu) and 鬭／斗 (dòu) are original characters of this form; forms with the similar-looking radical 門 ("door") were non-standard variants. \ Simplified form 斗 was derived via the variant form 鬦. \ 鬥／斗 (dòu) is also one of the 324 simplified characters introduced by the Republic of China (Kuomintang government) in 1935 as the simplified form of 鬭／斗 (dòu). \ Conflation of two roots "to fight" and "to meet", and the merger has been attested since ancient times. \ ; "to fight" \ ; "to meet" Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòo • Middle-Chinese : tuwH to fight; to struggle • to make animals fight • to contend; to compete with • to strive one's best • (archaic) (of stars) to collide with each other • chaotic; disorderly, helter-skelter • to take the opportunity to ...; to do something while it's ... • to meet; to encounter; to face • to face; to confront; to front; to be opposite • to piece together; to fit together • (dialectal) to help; to assist • (dialectal) very, quite • (dialectal) to collude, to plot • fine tea; tea of the best quality • (dialectal) bird nest • Alternative form of 逗 (dòu, “to tease, to play with”) • Alternative form of 兜 (dōu, “to solicit (customers or business)”) • Alternative form of 陡 (dǒu, “suddenly, in a sudden”) • a surname to fight 鬥 (eumhun 싸울 투 (ssaul tu)) Alternative form of 鬪 (“hanja form of 투 (“fight”)”) Hán-Nôm : đấu • Hán-Nôm : dấu chữ Hán form of đấu (“fight”). 鬥
鬧 In the current form, ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 鬥 (“to fight”) + 市 (“market; town”) – noisy. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lā • Middle-Chinese : nraewH to be noisy • to create a disturbance • (of disease, disaster, or other negative events) to occur • (Cantonese) to scold to be noisy • to create a disturbance • to disturb • lively; bustling 鬧 • (ryo>yo, nyo>yo) · 鬧 • (ryo>yo, nyo>yo) (hangeul 료>요, 뇨>요, revised ryo>yo, nyo>yo, McCune–Reischauer ryo>yo, nyo>yo, Yale lyo>yo, nyo>yo) Hán-Nôm : náo • Hán-Nôm : náu • Hán-Nôm : nháo • Hán-Nôm : nao • Hán-Nôm : nào 鬧
鬨 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡroːŋs, *ɡloːŋs) : semantic 鬥 (“battle; fight”) + phonetic 共 (OC *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung³ to fight; to combat • to cause a commotion or disturbance ‖ 鬨(とき) • (toki) battle cry ‖ battle cry 鬨 • (hong, hang) · 鬨 • (hong, hang) (hangeul 홍, 항, revised hong, hang, McCune–Reischauer hong, hang, Yale hong, hang) canonical : 鬨: Hán Việt readings: hống • canonical : hổng 鬨
魘 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qemʔ, *qeb) : phonetic 厭 (OC *qemʔ, *qems, *qeb) + semantic 鬼 (“devil”). Cantonese · Jyutping : jim² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jip³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Middle-Chinese : 'jiemX • Middle-Chinese : 'jiep ^⁜ a nightmare; bad dream • Used in 夢魘／梦魇 (mèngyǎn, “a nightmare; bad dream”). To have a nightmare • To make a noise during a nightmare 魘 • (yeom) · 魘 • (yeom) (hangeul 염, revised yeom, McCune–Reischauer yŏm, Yale yem) Hán-Nôm : yểm 魘
魯 ‖ Possibly related to 鹵 (OC *raːʔ) since the area used to be a salt marsh region (Baxter apud Matisoff, 1995). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Middle-Chinese : luX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Middle-Chinese : luX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : luh foolish; stupid; rash • vulgar ‖ (～國) (historical) Lu (vassal state during the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China in modern day Shandong) • Short for 山東／山东 (Shāndōng, “Shandong”). • Used in 魯肉飯／鲁肉饭. • a surname ‖ Used in 阿沙不魯／阿沙不鲁. • Used in 米魯／米鲁. foolish; stupid • (historical) Lu (state) (vassal state during the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China) • (dated) short form for Russia (魯西亜) • a surname 魯 (eum 로 (ro), word-initial (South Korea) 노 (no)) Hán-Nôm : lỗ • Hán-Nôm : lõ • Hán-Nôm : nhỗ • Hán-Nôm : sỗ 魯
魷 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 尤 (OC *ɢʷɯ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iû Only used in 魷魚／鱿鱼 (yóuyú, “squid”); also used as its short form. Hán-Nôm : vưu • Hán-Nôm : vâu 魷
鮑 Characters in the same phonetic series (勹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baau⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baau¹ • Middle-Chinese : baewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Pāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Pǎu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Pau • Middle-Chinese : baewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˋ (literary) salted fish ‖ abalone ‖ a surname ‖ (obsolete) Synonym of 鞄 (páo, “leather craftsman”) ‖ 鮑(あわび) • (awabi) ^(←あはび (afabi)?) abalone ‖ abalone 鮑 • (po) · 鮑 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o, Yale pho) Hán-Nôm : bảo • Hán-Nôm : bào 鮑
鮫 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kau • Middle-Chinese : kaew (literary, or in compounds) porbeagle shark (scaleless cartilaginous fish) ‖ 鮫(さめ) or 鮫(サメ) • (same) shark ‖ a shark (fish) 鮫 • (gyo) · 鮫 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo) canonical : 鮫: Hán Việt readings: giao 鮫
鯉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯʔ) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ). \ Schuessler (2007) considers connection to Proto-Tai *plaːᴬ (“fish”) to be unlikely. \ Norman (2014) compares it to Proto-Kam-Tai *mbləi (“carp”), suggesting that it may be an early loan from Chinese; compare Thai ปลาไน (nai, “common carp”), Lakkia [script needed] (-plai⁴, “carp”). \ See the entry 雙鯉魚 for the figurative senses. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǎi • Middle-Chinese : liX carp, especially the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) • (literary, figuratively) letter; correspondence • (literary, figuratively) messenger ‖ 鯉(こい) or 鯉(コイ) • (koi) ^(←こひ (kofi) or コヒ (kofi)?) ‖ 鯉(こい) • (Koi) ^(←こひ (kofi)?) ‖ carp, specifically, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) ‖ a surname 鯉 • (ri>i) · 鯉 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i) Hán-Nôm : lí 鯉
鯊 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sraːl) : phonetic 沙 (OC *sraːl, *sraːls) + semantic 魚 (“fish”). \ ; “shark” Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sua • Middle-Chinese : srae ^† a kind of small fish • shark ‖ 鯊(はぜ) or 鯊(ハゼ) • (haze) ‖ goby 鯊 • (sa) · 鯊 • (sa) (hangeul 사) (uncommon) shark 鯊
鯽 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Middle-Chinese : tsjek • Middle-Chinese : tsik Carassius auratus, crucian carp ‖ 鯽(ふな) or 鯽(フナ) • (funa) ‖ Alternative spelling of 鮒 鯽 • (jeuk) · 鯽 • (jeuk) (hangeul 즉, revised jeuk, McCune–Reischauer chŭk, Yale cuk) ‖ 鯽 • (jeok) · 鯽 • (jeok) (hangeul 적, revised jeok, McCune–Reischauer chŏk, Yale cek) Carassius auratus, crucian carp ‖ certain kind of squid or cuttlefish 鯽
鰍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰɯw) : semantic 魚 + phonetic 秋 (OC *sʰɯw). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiu • Middle-Chinese : tshjuw loach young Japanese amberjack; young yellowtail • bullhead 鰍 • (chu) · 鰍 • (chu) (hangeul 추, revised chu, McCune–Reischauer ch'u, Yale chwu) 鰍
鰓 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sai • Middle-Chinese : soj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saai² fish gill ‖ Only used in 鰓鰓／鳃鳃. ‖ gill ‖ Hán-Nôm : tai gill 鰓
鰥 From 寡 (OC *kʷraːʔ, “single; alone”) + *-n (“nominalizing suffix”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuan • Middle-Chinese : kwean • Middle-Chinese : kweanH widower • widowed • (obsolete) yellowcheek (Elopichthys bambusa) widower 鰥 • (hwan) · 鰥 • (hwan) (hangeul 환, revised hwan, McCune–Reischauer hwan, Yale hwan) 鰥
鰭 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : gjij (anatomy, ichthyology) fish fin ‖ 鰭(ひれ) • (hire) fin ‖ fin (of a fish) 鰭 (eum 기 (gi)) Hán-Nôm : kì 鰭
鰱 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ren) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 連 (OC *ren). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liân • Middle-Chinese : ljen (～魚) any fish of the genus Hypophthalmichthys, especially the silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) ‖ 鰱(たなご) or 鰱(タナゴ) • (tanago) silver carp • fish of genus Hypophthalmichthys ‖ a bitterling (a small fish of the carp family) 鰱 (eum 련 (ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 연 (yeon)) salmon Hán-Nôm : liên 鰱
鰻 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moːn, *mons) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 曼 (OC *moːn, *mons) – a kind of fish. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muâ • Middle-Chinese : man • Middle-Chinese : mjonH eel ‖ 鰻(むなぎ) • (munagi) ‖ 鰻(うなぎ) or 鰻(ウナギ) • (unagi) ‖ 鰻(うな) • (una) ‖ 鰻(う) • (u) eel ‖ (archaic, possibly obsolete) an eel ‖ eel, especially the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) ‖ (only in compounds) Synonym of うなぎ (see above). ‖ (only in compounds) Synonym of うなぎ (see above). 鰻 (eumhun 뱀장어 만 (baemjang'eo man)) canonical : 鰻: Hán Việt readings: man 鰻: Nôm readings: man 鰻
鰾 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bewʔ) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 票 (OC *pʰew). \ Jacques (2020) reconstructs the Old Chinese as *N-pewʔ in the system of Baxter and Sagart (2014) based on Iu Mien mbiauhmbau (“swim bladder”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piǒ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pio • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piǎu • Middle-Chinese : bjiewX swim bladder; air bladder (of fish) • fish glue; isinglass • (dialectal) to glue with fish glue; (by extension) to gather; to bring together • (dialectal) to bet; to contend 鰾 • (pyo) · 鰾 • (pyo) (hangeul 표, revised pyo, McCune–Reischauer p'yo, Yale phyo) 鰾
鱔 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siān eel; swamp eel • (Hong Kong Cantonese) resembling advertorial • (Hong Kong Cantonese, triad slang) four 鱔 (eum 선 (seon)) Hán-Nôm : thiện • Hán-Nôm : lươn 鱔
鱖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krods, *kod) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 厥 (OC *kod, *kud). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kè • Middle-Chinese : kjwejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Middle-Chinese : kjwot mandarin fish; Chinese perch ‖ Only used in 鱖鯞／鳜𫚡 (juézhǒu). 鱖 • (gwol, gwe) · 鱖 • (gwol, gwe) (hangeul 궐, 궤, revised gwol, gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwŏl, kwe, Yale kwel, kwey) (쏘가리 궐) mandarin fish 鱖
鱗 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rin) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 粦 (OC *rins). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîn • Middle-Chinese : lin scale (of a fish, reptile, etc) • scaly • fish (and other scaly animals) • a surname ‖ 鱗(うろこ) • (uroko) ‖ 鱗(いろこ) • (iroko) ‖ 鱗(うろくず) • (urokuzu) ^(←うろくづ (urokudu)?) ‖ 鱗(いろくず) • (irokuzu) ^(←いろくづ (irokudu)?) ‖ 鱗(こけ) • (koke) ‖ 鱗(こけら) • (kokera) ‖ 鱗(りん) • (-rin) scales • scaly ‖ scale (of a fish, reptile, etc) • (typography) serif (on Chinese characters) ‖ scale (of a fish, reptile, etc) • scaled animal • dandruff ‖ scale of a fish • fish ‖ scale (of a fish, reptile, etc) • scaled animal ‖ scale (of a fish, reptile, etc) ‖ scale (of a fish, reptile, etc) ‖ counter for scales of a fish • counter for fish scale (of fish or reptiles) Hán-Nôm : lân 鱗
鱷 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːɡ) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 噩 (OC *ŋaːɡ). \ Within Chinese, Carr (1990) relates it to: \ * 咢 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “to beat the drum”), either because drumming was associated with dragons or because some drums were made of crocodilian skins (Schuessler, 2007). \ * Words for “fear”, e.g. 愕 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “startled; terrified”), 噩 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “frightening; startling”). \ Outside of Chinese, Carr (1990) also relates it to: \ * Proto-Tai *ŋwak (“mythical water creature”) (reconstruction from Chamberlain, 1977), which Pittayaporn (2009-2010), reconstructing the root as *ŋɯəkᴰ (“crocodile”), holds to be a loan from Chinese. \ * Proto-Austro-Tai *(m)baŋiwak (“shark; crocodile”), posited by Paul K. Benedict and proposed by him to give rise to the Tai word, as well as Japanese 鰐(わに) (wani, “crocodilian; shark”), 魚(うお) (uo, “fish”). \ Vovin (2021) notes that 鱷 (OC *ŋâk ~ *ŋɑk) "aquatic reptile, saltwater crocodile" was attested late, for the first time in Shuowen as 𧊜 (è); and that "it would be very weird if the word for a ‘saltwater crocodile’ from the middle of Huang-he (黃河) river basin that lies quite far away from both tropics and the sea would be borrowed by Tai languages in Southern China". Therefore, Vovin contends that, instead, 鱷 (OC *ŋâk ~ *ŋɑk) had been borrowed into Later Han Chinese from Tai. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : go̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kho̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngo̍k • Middle-Chinese : ngak crocodilian; crocodile; alligator Hán-Nôm : ngạc 鱷
鱸 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : lu bass; perch (fish) ‖ 鱸(すずき) or 鱸(スズキ) • (suzuki) ‖ 鱸(すずき) • (Suzuki) sea bass ‖ Japanese sea bass ‖ Suzuki (neighborhoods in Japan): · A neighborhood of Akita, Akita. • Suzuki (neighborhoods in Japan): · A neighborhood of Niigata, Niigata. • a surname 鱸 (eum 로 (ro), word-initial (South Korea) 노 (no)) (농어 (nong'eo)) sea bass, sea perch Hán-Nôm : lư • Hán-Nôm : rô 鱸
鳩 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ku) : phonetic 九 (OC *kuʔ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-k(r)əw (“dove, pigeon”) (Benedict, 1974; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Compare Tibetan འང་གུ ('ang gu, “pigeon”), Proto-Loloish *m-krəw², Burmese ချိုး (hkyui:), Proto-Kuki-Chin *khruu. \ In some southern Chinese dialects, 鳩／鸠 is pronounced with aspirated initial /kʰ/ due to taboo considerations. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiu • Middle-Chinese : kjuw pigeon; dove (family Columbidae) • (literary) to gather; to assemble • (Cantonese, Pingnan Min, vulgar) penis (sometimes especially erect) (Classifier: 轆／辘 c; 條／条 c) • (Cantonese, vulgar) fucking (intensifier) • (Cantonese, vulgar) Negates the meaning of the sentence. • (Cantonese, vulgar) stupid; dumb • (Cantonese, vulgar) recklessly • (Cantonese, vulgar) unseriously • (Cantonese, vulgar) without aim or plan • (Cantonese, vulgar) thoughtlessly • (Cantonese, vulgar) unreasonably; lacking in reason ‖ 鳩(はと) or 鳩(ハト) • (hato) ‖ 鳩(きゅう) • (kyū) ^(←きう (kiu)?) ‖ pigeon, dove (bird of genus Columba) ‖ pigeon, dove • (by extension) gather together (from the way that pigeons flock together) 鳩 • (gu) · 鳩 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu) pigeon, dove • collect, assemble Hán-Nôm : cưu 鳩
鳶 Possibly phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷen) : semantic 鳥 (“bird”) + phonetic 戈 (OC *koːl). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dzwan (“hawk; kite”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iân • Middle-Chinese : ywen hawk; kite, especially the black kite (Milvus migrans) • kite (aircraft) kite Hán-Nôm : diên • Hán-Nôm : diều 鳶
鴆 Same word as 酖 (OC *l'ums, “to poison (v.); poison (n.)”) (e.g. in Zuozhuan, "Xi 30"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E5%B7%A6%E6%B0%8F%E5%82%B3/%E5%83%96%E5%85%AC#%E5%82%B3_30), exopassive of 沈 (OC *l'um, “to put poison in liquid”) (e.g. in Rites of Zhou https://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=en&id=37265) (Schuessler, 2007). See 沈 & 沉 (chén) for further etymology. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zam⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thim • Middle-Chinese : drimH (Chinese mythology) the zhenniao (a hawk-like, snake-eating bird with poisonous feathers) • poisonous • to poison • poison 鴆 (eum 짐 (jim)) Hán-Nôm : chũm • Hán-Nôm : trấm • Hán-Nôm : chậm 鴆
鴉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraː) : phonetic 牙 (OC *ŋraː) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ka-n (“crow”). Doublet of 烏 (OC *qaː, “crow; raven”) . The Middle Chinese of 鴉 retains the earlier vowel. \ Schuessler (2007) disputes Old Chinese reconstructions with medial *-r-, reasoning that 鴉's place among Division II syllables (often from Old Chinese syllables containing *-r-) results rather from archaism which preserves the original vowel's quality. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a • Middle-Chinese : 'ae crow; raven 鴉 • (a) · 鴉 • (a) (hangeul 아) ‖ ‖ 鴉(からすぃ) (karasï) ‖ 鴉 \ • 鴉 \ ‖ Alternative form of 烏 canonical : 鴉: Hán Việt readings: nha 鴉: Nôm readings: a • canonical : ác chữ Hán form of nha (“crow, raven”). • Nôm form of ác (“crow, raven”). 鴉
鴕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːl) : semantic 鳥 (“bird”) + phonetic 它 (OC *l̥ʰaːl). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo ostrich 鴕 • (ta) · 鴕 • (ta) (hangeul 타, revised ta, McCune–Reischauer t'a, Yale tha) Hán-Nôm : đà 鴕
鴛 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːn, *qon) : phonetic 夗 (OC *qonʔ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). \ Starostin reconstructs Old Chinese *ʔʷar, which he compares to Tibetan སྐྱར་པོ (skyar po, “snipe; woodcock”); both are from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ɣʷăr. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uan • Middle-Chinese : 'jwon • Middle-Chinese : 'won male mandarin duck (when used in 鴛鴦／鸳鸯 (yuānyāng)) • Alternative form of 鵷／鹓 (yuān) 鴛 • (won) · 鴛 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen) Hán-Nôm : uyên • Hán-Nôm : oan 鴛
鴣 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaː) : phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). Cantonese · Jyutping : gu¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Middle-Chinese : ku Used in names of birds. 鴣 • (go) · 鴣 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko) 鴣
鴦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːŋ, *qaŋ) : phonetic 央 (OC *qaŋ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong • Middle-Chinese : 'jang • Middle-Chinese : 'ang female mandarin duck 鴦 • (ang) · 鴦 • (ang) (hangeul 앙, revised ang, McCune–Reischauer ang, Yale ang) Hán-Nôm : ương 鴦
鴨 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraːb) : phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). \ Shuowen commented that 鴨 is the colloquial name for 鶩 (OC *moɡs, *moːɡ, “duck”). Probably onomatopoeic in origin. Compare Proto-Tani *ǰap (“duck”). \ Another word meaning "duck" in Old Chinese is 鴄 (OC *pʰid), a substrate loanword, possibly from Tai-Kadai or Austroasiatic. \ ; “male prostitute” Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ap • Middle-Chinese : 'aep duck (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • (slang) male prostitute (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • (Mainland China Mandarin, neologism, slang) Eye dialect spelling of 呀 (ya, “sentence-final particle”). ‖ 鴨(かも) or 鴨(カモ) • (kamo) ‖ 鴨(かも) • (Kamo) ‖ 鴨(あひる) • (ahiru) ‖ a duck • (slang) (from the way ducks return to the same place and are thus easy to hunt) a mark or easy target for a swindle, someone who is likely to lose at gambling or other competition • (slang) (from the good flavor of duck meat) short for 鴨の味 (kamo no aji, “duck flavor”): a very good flavor; by extension, any remarkably good sensation or feeling, particularly describing happy married life • (slang) (from the uniform of black clothing) short for 黒鴨 (kurogamo, “black duck”): a male servant, such as a butler or chauffeur (compare English penguin) ‖ a surname • any of various places, particularly in Kyoto ‖ (rare) alternative spelling of 家鴨: a domestic duck, Anas platyrhynchos var. domesticus, descended from the mallard 鴨 (eumhun 오리 압 (ori ap)) Hán-Nôm : áp • Hán-Nôm : vịt 鴨
鴿 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuːb) : phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gap³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kap • Middle-Chinese : kop pigeon; dove • (neologism, Internet slang, humorous) Short for 放鴿子／放鸽子 (fàng gēzi). Hán-Nôm : cáp 鴿
鵑 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuan • Middle-Chinese : kwen Only used in 杜鵑／杜鹃 (dùjuān, “cuckoo”); also used as its short form. 鵑 (eum 견 (gyeon)) Hán-Nôm : quyên 鵑
鵝 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ) + semantic 鳥. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋa-n (“goose”); cognate with Tibetan ངང་པ (ngang pa), Burmese ငန်း (ngan:). However, the final consonants of the proposed cognates are possibly irreconcilable; they could instead be independently coined through onomatopoeia (Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019). \ Related to 雁 (OC *ŋraːns, “wild goose”); see there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Middle-Chinese : nga domestic goose (as opposed to a wild goose – 雁 (yàn)) (Classifier: 隻／只 m c mn) Alternative form of 鵞: goose 鵝 • (a) · 鵝 • (a) (hangeul 아) (거위 아, geowi-): domesticated goose that would not fly at all, in contrast with the wild goose (雁 (기러기 안, gireogi-an)) whose skein flies in wedge or cuneiform. • (기러기 아, gireogi-): wild goose Hán-Nôm : nga • Hán-Nôm : ngỗng • Hán-Nôm : ngổng 鵝
鵠 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : huk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : howk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : guk¹ (literary) swan • (literary) white • a surname ‖ bullseye (centre of a target) 鵠 • (gok, hok) · 鵠 • (gok, hok) (hangeul 곡, 혹, revised gok, hok, McCune–Reischauer kok, hok, Yale kok, hok) (고니 곡, goni-): swan, genus Cygnus. • (과녁 곡, gwanyeok-): target. Hán-Nôm : hộc 鵠
鵡 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maʔ) : phonetic 武 (OC *maʔ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *măH (“a kind of bird (peacock, parrot)”); cognate with Tibetan རྨ་བྱ (rma bya, “peacock”); compare also Bodo (India) [script needed] (məyra, “peacock”) (Peiros & Starostin, 1996). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bú • Middle-Chinese : mjuX Only used in 鸚鵡／鹦鹉 (yīngwǔ). cockatoo 鵡 (eumhun 앵무새 무 (aengmusae mu)) hanja form of 무 (“parrot”) Hán-Nôm : vũ • Hán-Nôm : thịnh 鵡
鵪 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoːm) : phonetic 奄 (OC *qromʔ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). Cantonese · Jyutping : am¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : am • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ian • Middle-Chinese : 'om quail (originally refers to those without spots on feathers) Hán-Nôm : am 鵪
鵬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 朋 (OC *bɯːŋ, “phoenix”) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”) \ This has been related to 風 (OC *plum, “wind”) (Schuessler, 2007) and also by Wang (1982) to 鳳 (OC *bums, “male fenghuang”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paang⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phn̂g • Middle-Chinese : bong (Chinese mythology) peng (enormous bird) ‖ 鵬(ほう) or 鵬(ぼう) • (hō or bō) ‖ 鵬(ほう) • (Hō) peng (fabled large bird) ‖ (Chinese mythology) peng: a fabled large bird thought to have wings measuring 3,000 li and can soar up to 90,000 li ‖ a male or female given name 鵬 (eumhun 대붕 붕 (daebung bung)) Hán-Nôm : bằng • Hán-Nôm : bành 鵬
鵲 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiak • Middle-Chinese : tshjak magpie ‖ 鵲(かささぎ) or 鵲(カササギ) • (kasasagi) ‖ 鵲(かささぎ) • (Kasasagi) ‖ 鵲(じゃく) • (jaku) ‖ the Eurasian magpie, Pica pica ‖ (historical) an 鴻 (Ōtori)-class torpedo boat of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II • a surname ‖ Eurasian magpie 鵲 • (jak) · 鵲 • (jak) (hangeul 작, revised jak, McCune–Reischauer chak, Yale cak) Hán-Nôm : thước 鵲
鶉 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thun • Middle-Chinese : dzywin quail (originally refers to those with spots on feathers) ‖ 鶉(うずら) or 鶉(ウズラ) • (uzura) ^(←うづら (udura) or ウヅラ (udura)?) ‖ a Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) 鶉 • (sun, dan) · 鶉 • (sun, dan) (hangeul 순, 단, revised sun, dan, McCune–Reischauer sun, tan, Yale swun, tan) 鶉
鶯 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing • Middle-Chinese : 'eang oriole ‖ 鶯(うぐいす) or 鶯(ウグイス) • (uguisu) ^(←うぐひす (ugufisu) or ウグヒス (ugufisu)?) ‖ 鶯(うぐいす) • (Uguisu) ^(←うぐひす (ugufisu)?) ‖ Japanese bush warbler (Horornis diphone); Japanese nightingale • short for 鶯色 (uguisu iro): an olive-green color, as the rear of a bush warbler • short for 鶯声 (uguisu-goe): a description for a woman's beautiful voice • a metal skewer used in 香道 (kōdō) to fasten a paper wrapper • a bamboo skewer used in binding an obi or similar ‖ a surname Chinese oriole • bush warbler canonical : 鶯: Hán Việt readings: oanh 鶯: Nôm readings: oanh • canonical : anh chữ Hán form of oanh (“oriole”). 鶯
鷂 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lew, *lews) : phonetic 䍃 () + semantic 鳥. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lew, *lews) : phonetic 䍃 () + semantic 鳥. Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁶⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iāu • Middle-Chinese : yewH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâu • Middle-Chinese : yew sparrow hawk • harrier • kite ‖ (obsolete) pheasant ‖ 鷂(はいたか) or 鷂(ハイタカ) • (haitaka) ‖ Eurasian sparrowhawk 鷂 • (yo) · 鷂 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo) 鷂
鷓 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsià • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsèe • Middle-Chinese : tsyaeH Only used in 鷓鴣／鹧鸪 (zhègū). 鷓 • (ja) · 鷓 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca) 鷓
鷗 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoː) : phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : au • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io • Middle-Chinese : 'uw seagull ‖ seagull ‖ 鷗 (eum 구 (gu)) seagull Hán-Nôm : âu seagull 鷗
鷥 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slɯ) : phonetic 絲 (OC *slɯ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si Only used in 鷺鷥／鹭鸶 (lùsī). 鷥
鷹 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯŋ) : phonetic 䧹 (OC *qɯŋ, “eagle; hawk”) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). \ This word is possibly related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-la(ŋ/k) (“bird of prey”), which is likely a loan from Proto-Mon-Khmer *laŋ ~ *laaŋ ~ *laiŋ (“large raptor”) > Proto-Bahnaric *klaːŋ (“hawk”), Proto-Palaungic *klaːŋ (“kite”), Mon လနေၚ် (“kite”), Khmer ខ្លែង (khlaeng, “kite”); within Tibeto-Burman, compare Tibetan གླག (glag, “eagle; vulture”), Burmese လင်းတ (lang:ta., “vulture”), Jingpho lang (“bird of the falcon family”) (Benedict, 1972; STEDT). \ This word agrees better with Tibetan སྐྱིང་སེར (skying ser, “eagle; vulture”) if the Old Chinese is reconstructed as *s-ki̯əŋ (Benedict, 1990; Schuessler, 2007); Benedict (1976) reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kiŋ for this, which Benedict (1990) suggests is the native Sino-Tibetan root. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing • Middle-Chinese : 'ing a bird of prey of Accipitriformes (eagles, hawks, kites, vultures), Falconiformes (falcons) or Strigiformes (owls) ‖ 鷹(たか) or 鷹(タカ) • (taka) eagle • falcon • hawk ‖ a hawk (predatory bird) hawk; falcon (esp. the peregrine or gyrfalcon) 鷹
鷺 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːɡs) : phonetic 路 (OC *ɡ·raːɡs) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). \ Compare Khmer ក្រក (krɑɑk, “species of heron”), Thai ร้า (ráa, “species of heron”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lōo • Middle-Chinese : luH heron; egret ‖ 鷺(さぎ) or 鷺(サギ) • (sagi) ‖ heron, egret 鷺 (eum 로 (ro), word-initial (South Korea) 노 (no)) Hán-Nôm : lộ 鷺
鸚 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːŋ) : phonetic 嬰 (OC *qeŋ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ɣrēŋ (“a kind of parrot”); cognate with Jingpho [script needed] (ukhriŋ¹, “small parrot”) (Peiros & Starostin, 1996). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing • Middle-Chinese : 'eang parrot; parakeet parrot; parakeet 鸚 (eumhun 앵무새 앵 (aengmusae aeng)) hanja form of 앵 (“parrot”) Hán-Nôm : anh 鸚
鸞 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luân • Middle-Chinese : lwan luan (mythical bird related to the fenghuang; sometimes translated as simurgh) • (alt. form 鑾／銮) the bells at horses' bits • imperial • a surname fabulous mythical bird • imperial 鸞 • (ran>nan) · 鸞 • (ran>nan) (hangeul 란>난, revised ran>nan, McCune–Reischauer ran>nan, Yale lan>nan) Hán-Nôm : loan 鸞
鹹 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrɯːm) : semantic 鹵 (“salt”) + phonetic 咸 (OC *ɡrɯːm). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hjam (“salty”) or *g-rjum (“salt”); compare Chepang ल्हाम्सा (hlam‑, “salty (not excessively)”), Jingpho jum (“salt”) (STEDT). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâm • Middle-Chinese : heam salty; briny • (Southern Min) stingy; miserly • (Southern Min) rice topping; viand • (Cantonese, Teochew, attributive) Short for 鹹濕／咸湿 (haam4 sap1, “erotic; pornographic”). • (Yangjiang Yue) salt salty 鹹 (eumhun 짤 함 (jjal ham)) · 鹹 (eumhun 다 함 (da ham)) hanja form of 함 (“salty”) Hán-Nôm : hàm 鹹
鹼 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːmʔ, *skʰlam) : semantic 鹵 + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kinn • Middle-Chinese : tshjem • Middle-Chinese : keamX sodium carbonate • (chemistry) (soluble) alkali • (chemistry, chiefly Mainland China) base (soluble or not) • (dialectal) soap ‖ (chemistry) base, alkali ‖ Hán-Nôm : kiềm 鹼
麋 Perhaps Sino-Tibetan. Compare Chepang [script needed] (maiʔ, “meat”), Bodo (India) [script needed] (bʏiʔ, “deer”), Liangmai Naga [script needed] (ka-mî, “meat”), Northern Naga *me:y "meat, flesh"; a single etymon for "meat" and "deer" is also found in Tibetan ཤ (sha, “meat”) and ཤྭ (shwa, “deer”) (Schuessler, 2007). If so, another semantic parallel is Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/ɡ-la (“flesh, meat, deer”), whence Tibetan གླ (gla, “musk deer”) but Newar [script needed] (la, “meat, animal”) and [script needed] (lā, “flesh, meat”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Middle-Chinese : mij moose, elk (Eurasia) • used as a surname ‖ ‖ 麋 (eum 미 (mi)) Hán-Nôm : mê • Hán-Nôm : mi 麋
麒 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : gi Only used in 麒麟 (qílín). 麒 (eumhun 기린 기 (girin gi)) hanja form of 기 (“giraffe; qilin”) Hán-Nôm : kì • Hán-Nôm : kỳ 麒
麝 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢljaːɡs, *ɢljaːɡ) : semantic 鹿 + phonetic 射 (OC *ɢljaːɡs, *laːɡs, *ɢljaːɡ, *laːɡ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/ɡ-la (“flesh; meat; deer”) (STEDT; Gong Hwang-cherng, 2002; Schuessler, 2007). Compare Tibetan གླ (gla, “musk deer”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siā • Middle-Chinese : zyaeH • Middle-Chinese : zyek musk deer • musk musk deer 麝 (eumhun 사향노루 사 (sahyangnoru sa)) hanja form of 사 (“musk deer”) Hán-Nôm : xạ musk deer 貅麝 (Hươu xạ) • musk 麝香 (Xạ Hương) 麝
麟 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rin) : semantic 鹿 (“deer”) + phonetic 粦 (OC *rins). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîn • Middle-Chinese : lin Used in 麒麟 (qílín, “qilin (propitious mythological beast)”); also used as its short form. • Used in 麒麟 (qílín, “qilin (propitious mythological beast)”); also used as its short form. · ^‡ female of qilin • big deer • Alternative form of 鱗／鳞 (lín, “scale and shell”) • Used in 麟麟 (línlín, “bright”). 麟 (eumhun 기린 린 (girin rin), word-initial (South Korea) 기린 인 (girin in)) hanja form of 린/인 (“giraffe; qilin”) Hán-Nôm : lân 麟
麦 ‖ Corruption of 八 into a horizontal stroke. ‖ ‖ ‖ 麦(むぎ) • (mugi) wheat • barley ‖ (broadly speaking) dry-cultivated cereal grain · wheat • (broadly speaking) dry-cultivated cereal grain · barley • (broadly speaking) dry-cultivated cereal grain · rye • (broadly speaking) dry-cultivated cereal grain · oats 麦
麩 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hu • Middle-Chinese : phju (of wheat) bran • panned gold; gold dust ‖ 麩(ふ) • (fu) ‖ 麩(ふすま) • (fusuma) ‖ wheat bran • wheat gluten • foods made from wheat gluten, somewhat similar to bread ‖ wheat bran 麩 • (bu) · 麩 • (bu) (hangeul 부, revised bu, McCune–Reischauer pu, Yale pu) Hán-Nôm : phu 麩
麴 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰuɡ) : semantic 麥 + phonetic 匊 (OC *kluɡ). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kuk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : guk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khak • Middle-Chinese : khjuwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kuk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : guk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Khiok • Middle-Chinese : khjuwk yeast; leaven (used to make wine) • (obsolete) wine; alcoholic beverage ‖ a surname ‖ yeast • leaven ‖ 麴 • (guk) · 麴 • (guk) (hangeul 국, revised guk, McCune–Reischauer kuk, Yale kwuk) yeast • leaven Hán-Nôm : khúc 麴
麼 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maːlʔ) : phonetic 麻 (OC *mraːl) + semantic 幺 (“small, tiny”). \ From 物 (MC mjut, “thing”), from 什物 (MC dzyip mjut, “miscellaneous items”) > 什麼／什么 (shénme) (Norman, 1988; Zhang, 1982). ‖ From 無 (MC mju). ‖ ‖ ‖ Probably from 物 (MC mjut, “what”) (Zhang, 2001; Jiang, 2018). Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄜ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mo¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : móo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : môo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mo¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mo¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mo⁵ • Middle-Chinese : maX ‖ A particle placed after the topic of a compound sentence, used to express tactfulness. • A suffix for forming pronouns or adverbs. ‖ Alternative form of 嗎／吗 (“final interrogative particle”) ‖ (dialectal Mandarin) what ‖ tiny; insignificant • a surname ‖ (Hakka) what 麼 • (ma) · 麼 • (ma) (hangeul 마, revised ma, McCune–Reischauer ma, Yale ma) small • thin Hán-Nôm : ma 麼
麾 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hui • Middle-Chinese : xjwe a pennant, flag, banner • to signal to flag • (military) banner • signal • direct • lead • beckon 麾 (eum 휘 (hwi)) Hán-Nôm : huy 麾
黄 ‖ 黄(き) • (ki) -na (adnominal 黄(き)な (ki na), adverbial 黄(き)に (ki ni)) ‖ 黄(き) • (ki) ‖ 黄(こう) • (kō) ^(←くわう (kwau)?) ‖ 黄(おう) • (ō) ^(←わう (wau)?) yellow ‖ yellow ‖ yellow ‖ yellow ‖ yellow 黄 • (hwang) · 黄 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang) variant of 黃 • yellow 黄
黍 Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs Old Chinese *nhaʔ, comparing it to Tibetan ནས་ (nas, “barley”). STEDT provisionally reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nas (“highland barley”). \ However, Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstruct Old Chinese *s-tʰaʔ based on aspirated affricate reflexes in certain Mandarin dialects, e.g. Hefei tʂʰu³, Yangzhou tsʰu³, as well as sound gloss evidence from Shuowen. This would make the comparison to Tibetan less plausible. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sué • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sí • Middle-Chinese : syoX proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) (especially glutinous varieties, but also generic) • (dialectal Eastern Min, Putian Min) sorghum • (Leizhou Min) corn; maize ‖ 黍(きび) or 黍(キビ) • (kibi) ‖ 黍(きみ) • (kimi) ‖ common or proso millet, Panicum miliaceum • Synonym of 蜀黍 (morokoshi): sorghum • Synonym of 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi): corn, maize ‖ (obsolete) the common or proso millet, Panicum miliaceum • (obsolete) Synonym of 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi): corn, maize 黍 • (seo) · 黍 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se) Hán-Nôm : thử 黍
黏 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nem) : semantic 黍 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâm • Middle-Chinese : nrjem sticky; glutinous • to adhere; to stick 黏 • (jeom) · 黏 • (jeom) (hangeul 점) Hán-Nôm : niêm 黏
黛 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːɡs) : phonetic 代 (OC *l'ɯːɡs) + semantic 黑 (“black”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tāi • Middle-Chinese : dojH (historical) a dark pigment used by women in ancient times to paint their eyebrows • black • women's eyebrows ‖ 黛(まゆずみ) • (mayuzumi) ‖ 黛(まゆずみ) • (Mayuzumi) ‖ eyebrow pencil ‖ a surname 黛 • (dae) · 黛 • (dae) (hangeul 대, revised dae, McCune–Reischauer tae, Yale tay) Hán-Nôm : đại 黛
黜 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰud) : semantic 黑 (“black”) + phonetic 出 (OC *kʰljuds, *kʰljud). \ From 出 (to come out) with a causative *-r- infix (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceot¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeot¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thut • Middle-Chinese : trhwit (literary) to dismiss; to demote; to downgrade • (literary) to discard; to reject • (literary) to abolish • (literary) to belittle and denounce • (Hokkien) to come loose; to come off • (Hokkien) to rub back and forth (to make something fall off) • (Mainland China Hokkien) to trample with one's feet, or to rub one's feet against each other 黜 • (chul) · 黜 • (chul) (hangeul 출, revised chul, McCune–Reischauer ch'ul, Yale chwul) Hán-Nôm : truất • Hán-Nôm : trụt • Hán-Nôm : truột 黜
黝 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau² • Middle-Chinese : 'jij • Middle-Chinese : 'jiwX bluish-black, greenish-black bluish black, black • dimly lit, dark, black 黝 • (yu) · 黝 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu) 黝
黠 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Middle-Chinese : heat 黠 • (hil) · 黠 • (hil) (hangeul 힐, revised hil, McCune–Reischauer hil, Yale hil) Hán-Nôm : hiệt 黠
黴 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrɯl, *mɯːls) : phonetic 微 (OC *mɯl) + semantic 黑 (“black”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hui • Middle-Chinese : mij • Middle-Chinese : mwojH mold; mildew; must • (alt. form 霉) to become moldy • (of one's face) dirty; dingy; dark ‖ 黴(かび) or 黴(カビ) • (kabi) mold ‖ mold 黴 • (mi) · 黴 • (mi) (hangeul 미, revised mi, McCune–Reischauer mi, Yale mi) Hán-Nôm : mai • Hán-Nôm : mị 黴
黷 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic 黑 (“black”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : duk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍k • Middle-Chinese : duwk to tarnish; to defile; to blacken • to be rash about; to use indiscriminately • to corrupt • to covet 黷 • (dok) · 黷 • (dok) (hangeul 독, revised dok, McCune–Reischauer tok, Yale tok) Hán-Nôm : độc 黷
鼇 great sea turtle 鼇 (eum 오 (o)) Hán-Nôm : ngao 鼇
鼕 鼕 (eum 동 (dong)) Hán-Nôm : đông 鼕
鼙 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bej (literary) small military drum • (literary) small drum (in general) drum carried on horseback 鼙 • (bi) · 鼙 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi) drum carried on horseback Hán-Nôm : bề • Hán-Nôm : tì 鼙
鼬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lɯwɢs) : semantic 鼠 (“rat”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iū • Middle-Chinese : yuwH weasel • (by extension) mustelid weasel 鼬 • (yu) · 鼬 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu) canonical : 鼬: Hán Việt readings: dứu 鼬
鼴 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin² • Middle-Chinese : 'jonX animal from the family Talpidae ‖ ‖ 鼴 • (eon) · 鼴 • (eon) (hangeul 언, revised eon, McCune–Reischauer ŏn, Yale en) mole (burrowing insectivore) Hán-Nôm : yển 鼴
鼾 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːn, *ɢaːns) : semantic 鼻 + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hal (“to snore”). Compare Tibetan ཧལ (hal, “to pant; to wheeze; to snort; to snore”). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hônn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kônn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : han • Middle-Chinese : xan • Middle-Chinese : hanH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kônn (literary or Southern Min) to snore • snore; snoring ‖ (Hokkien) the sound of snoring; to snore ‖ 鼾(かん) • (kan) ‖ 鼾(いびき) • (ibiki) ‖ ‖ 鼾(くつち) • (kutsuchi) ‖ snoring ‖ snoring, a snore ‖ to snore ‖ (archaic, rare) snoring • (archaic, rare) epilepsy 鼾 • (han) · 鼾 • (han) (hangeul 한, McCune–Reischauer han, Yale han) Hán-Nôm : han 鼾
齋 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsriːl) : phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls) + semantic 示 (“god; deity”). Cantonese · Jyutping : zaai¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄞ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tse • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsai • Middle-Chinese : tsreaj (historical) to show one's piety before offering sacrifices and other ceremonies in ancient times, by abstaining from meat and alcohol, bathing oneself and clearing one's mind of distracting thoughts • solemn; earnest • vegetarian diet (often adopted for religious reasons) • fasting • (Buddhism, Taoism) religious ceremony (Classifier: 堂 c) • (Cantonese) plain; dull; boring; dry • (Cantonese) purely; only; just • to give alms to monks • study (room); studio • house; shop; building • a surname 齋 (eumhun 엄숙할 재 (eomsukhal jae)) · 齋 (eumhun 집 재 (jip jae)) · 齋 (eumhun 상복 재 (sangbok jae)) · 齋 (eumhun 재계할 재 (jaegyehal jae)) · 齋 (eumhun 공부방 재 (gongbubang jae)) canonical : 齋: Hán Việt readings: trai • canonical : chay 齋: Nôm readings: chay • canonical : trai • canonical : chai • canonical : rai • canonical : chây • canonical : trơi chữ Hán form of trai (“to abstain; to fast”). • Nôm form of chay (“to abstain; to fast”). 齋
齟 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsú • Middle-Chinese : dzrjoX irregular teeth • discord 齟 (eum 저 (jeo)) Hán-Nôm : thư • Hán-Nôm : trở 齟
齡 Characters in the same phonetic series (令) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːŋ) : semantic 齒 (“tooth”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs) – tooth being associated with age. Compare English long in the tooth (“old”) and don't look a gift horse in the mouth (“(to check teeth for age)”). Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : leng age • length of time; duration • (biology) instar age 齡 • (ryeong>yeong) · 齡 • (ryeong>yeong) (hangeul 령>영, revised ryeong>yeong, McCune–Reischauer ryŏng>yŏng, Yale lyeng>yeng) 齡 (linh, lênh) 齡
齣 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 齒 (“tooth”) + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceot¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshut Classifier for plays and operas: act; stanza; time, occasion ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • (regional, by extension) Classifier for films or episodes of TV shows. • (Southern Min) drama; play; show (theatrical performance) • (Southern Min) trouble; hassle ‖ 齣(こま) or 齣(コマ) • (koma) ‖ 齣(せき) • (seki) ‖ 齣(せつ) • (setsu) act, scene, as of a play or movie • frame, as of a comic • section, passage, paragraph ‖ (film, animation, manga) a frame of a comic or film • (film, theater) an act or scene of a play or movie • (music) a phrase or portion of a piece of music ‖ a section or paragraph of writing • (archaic) a chapter of a novel (particularly in the Edo period) • (Chinese theater) an act of a play ‖ same as seki above 齣 • (cheok) · 齣 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek) Hán-Nôm : xuất 齣
齦 ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ngj+n ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : han² • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang² • Middle-Chinese : khonX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˇ • Middle-Chinese : kheanX gum (flesh around teeth) ‖ (literary) Alternative form of 啃 (“to gnaw; to nibble”) ‖ ^‡ sound of teeth ‖ gum (flesh around teeth) ‖ 齦 (eumhun 잇몸 은 (inmom eun)) ‖ 齦 (eumhun 물 간 (mul gan)) hanja form of 은 (“gum”) ‖ hanja form of 간 (“to bite”) 齦
齪 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa̍k • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaewk ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsak (obsolete) cautious; careful; meticulous • Used in 齷齪／龌龊 (wòchuò). ‖ (Hokkien) feeling stuffy and difficult to bear (due to being crowded, muggy, lacking in air circulation, etc.) • (Hokkien) vexed; annoyed; agitated (of one's mind) • (Hokkien) to disturb; to bother; to nag; to annoy (someone) • (Mainland China Hokkien) annoying; vexing (due to being complex) • (Teochew) to distract or disturb someone by being noisy grating the teeth 齪 • (chak) · 齪 • (chak) (hangeul 착, revised chak, McCune–Reischauer ch'ak, Yale chak) narrow, small • dirty 齪
齬 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁵ • Middle-Chinese : ngjo • Middle-Chinese : ngu • Middle-Chinese : ngjoX irregular teeth • discord irregular teeth 齬 • (eo) · 齬 • (eo) (hangeul 어, revised eo, McCune–Reischauer ŏ, Yale e) canonical : 齬: Hán Việt readings: ngữ chữ Hán form of ngữ (“referring to misaligned teeth or disagreements, mostly used in the compound trở ngữ (齟齬)”). 齬
齲 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷaʔ) : semantic 齒 (“teeth”) + phonetic 禹 (OC *ɢʷaʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khú • Middle-Chinese : khjuX (dentistry) decay; cavity decayed tooth • cavity 齲 • (u) · 齲 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u, Yale wu) decayed tooth 齲
齷 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qroːɡ) : semantic 齒 (“teeth”) + phonetic 屋 (OC *qoːɡ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ok • Middle-Chinese : 'aewk Only used in 齷齪／龌龊 (wòchuò). • (Hokkien) dirty grating the teeth • fretful 齷 • (ak) · 齷 • (ak) (hangeul 악, revised ak, McCune–Reischauer ak, Yale ak) narrow, small • dirty 齷
龐 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *broːŋ) : semantic 广 (“house”) + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *broːŋ) : semantic 广 (“house”) + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâng • Middle-Chinese : baewng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ huge; big • disorderly; messy • shape of the face; facial contours • a surname ‖ Used in 龐龐／庞庞 (lónglóng). disorderly • messy • huge • big 龐 • (bang, nong) · 龐 • (bang, nong) (hangeul 방, 농, revised bang, nong, McCune–Reischauer pang, nong, Yale pang, nong) disorderly • huge, big • high canonical : 龐: Hán Việt readings: bàng chữ Hán form of bàng (“used in Chinese derived compounds to mean big, large, disorderly, messy or to refer to the face”). • chữ Hán form of Bàng (“referring to the Hồng Bàng dynasty and the associated surname”). 龐
龔 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kióng • Middle-Chinese : kjowng Alternative form of 供 (“to supply”) • Alternative form of 恭 (gōng, “to respect”) • to follow; to obey • a surname give • present • referential 龔 • (gong) · 龔 • (gong) (hangeul 공, revised gong, McCune–Reischauer kong, Yale kong) polite, reverent • to supply • respect Hán-Nôm : cung 龔
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