Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Traditional-Political-Systems:-Eastern-Asia"
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== China == | == China == | ||
=== Shāng, c. 1600 | === Shāng, c. 1600 BC – c. 1045 BC === | ||
==== Inner and Outer Areas system (內外服制) === | |||
'''Inner area (內服)''': capital region; controlled by the king; officials consist of the noble family members. | '''Inner area (內服)''': capital region; controlled by the king; officials consist of the noble family members. | ||
| Line 17: | Line 18: | ||
Outer area rulers are obliged to present tribute to Shāng and join Shāng's wars; outer area and inner area are almost equal in status; outer area's obeisances rely on Shāng's military power. | Outer area rulers are obliged to present tribute to Shāng and join Shāng's wars; outer area and inner area are almost equal in status; outer area's obeisances rely on Shāng's military power. | ||
=== Western Zhōu, c. 1045 BC – 771 BC === | |||
==== Patriarchal clan system (宗法制) ==== | |||
Its core is primogeniture: the firstborn inherits. | |||
The hierarchy of overlord (天子) – lords (諸侯) – ministers and senior officials (卿大夫) – scholar-officials (士) – civilians (庶人) is established. | |||
Revision as of 05:52, 30 December 2023
In progress.
China
Shāng, c. 1600 BC – c. 1045 BC
= Inner and Outer Areas system (內外服制)
Inner area (內服): capital region; controlled by the king; officials consist of the noble family members.
- Outer court officials (外廷官) perform public duties.
- public duty officials:
- ministers (相) assist the king; the number of ministers has been increased from 1 to 3 to disperse ministers' power.
- the multiple-governor (多尹) group makes decisions for the king; its members mainly consist of officials and chiefs and are not fixed.
- regional officials deal with regional public duties; they are under the king's control directly or indirectly.
- emissaries (史) are sent to communicate with and observe regional officials by the king.
- clerical officials deal with affairs in agriculture, livestock husbandry, handicrafts, etc.
- public duty officials:
- Inner court officials (内廷官) handle the king's private affairs.
Outer area (外服): outer regions; controlled by different rulers outside of the king's family.
Outer area rulers are obliged to present tribute to Shāng and join Shāng's wars; outer area and inner area are almost equal in status; outer area's obeisances rely on Shāng's military power.
Western Zhōu, c. 1045 BC – 771 BC
Patriarchal clan system (宗法制)
Its core is primogeniture: the firstborn inherits.
The hierarchy of overlord (天子) – lords (諸侯) – ministers and senior officials (卿大夫) – scholar-officials (士) – civilians (庶人) is established.