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<div class="pg_page_title">Esperanto Grammar - Negation</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Esperanto Grammar - Negation</div>
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/esperanto Esperanto] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will learn about negation in Esperanto. Negation is an important part of any language, and it's no different in Esperanto. We will look at the different ways to express negation in Esperanto, as well as some examples of how to use them. Let's get started! __TOC__


== Basics of Negation ==
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/esperanto Esperanto] learners! 😊<br>
Negation in Esperanto is quite simple. The most common way to express negation is to use the word ''ne'' before the verb. For example:
In this lesson, we will learn about negation in Esperanto. Negation refers to the expression of negative statements, such as "I can't speak Esperanto" or "I don't understand."


* Mi ne parolas Esperanton - I don't speak Esperanto
__TOC__
* Li ne manĝas panon - He doesn't eat bread


You can also use ''ne'' with adjectives and adverbs. For example:


* Li ne estas bela - He is not beautiful
<span link>Finish this lesson and explore these related pages: [[Language/Esperanto/Grammar/Gender|Gender]], [[Language/Esperanto/Grammar/Prepositions|Prepositions]], [[Language/Esperanto/Grammar/THE-ACCUSATIVE|THE ACCUSATIVE]] & [[Language/Esperanto/Grammar/SUFFIXES|SUFFIXES]].</span>
* Ŝi ne parolas rapide - She doesn't speak quickly
==Basic Negation==


It's important to note that ''ne'' is always placed before the verb or adjective/adverb. It cannot be placed after the verb or adjective/adverb.  
In Esperanto, negation is expressed by adding the prefix "ne-" before the verb. For example, "mi parolas" means "I speak," while "mi ne parolas" means "I don't speak."


== Other Ways to Express Negation ==
Let's see some examples of basic negation in Esperanto:
In addition to using ''ne'', there are other ways to express negation in Esperanto. Here are some examples:  


* ''Neniu'' - No one
{| class="wikitable"
* ''Neniam'' - Never
! Esperanto !! Pronunciation !! English
* ''Neniel'' - In no way
|-
* ''Nenia'' - No
| mi parolas || mee pah-roh-lahs || I speak
|-
| mi ne parolas || mee neh pah-roh-lahs || I don't speak
|-
| ŝi estas bela || shee eh-stahs beh-lah || She is beautiful
|-
| ŝi ne estas bela || shee neh eh-stahs beh-lah || She is not beautiful
|-
| li manĝas pomojn || lee mahn-jahs poh-moy-n || He eats apples
|-
| li ne manĝas pomojn || lee neh mahn-jahs poh-moy-n || He doesn't eat apples
|}


These words can be used to express negation in a more specific way. For example:
== Negation in Compound Tenses==


* Neniu venis al la festo - No one came to the party
When negating compound tenses (such as past tense), the negation is placed before the auxiliary verb "esti" (to be). For example, "Mi estas parolinta" means "I have spoken," while "Mi ne estas parolinta" means "I have not spoken."
* Neniam mi faros tion - I will never do that
* Neniel mi povas helpi vin - I can't help you in any way
* Nenia espero restas - No hope remains


== Examples ==
Let's see some examples of negation in compound tenses in Esperanto:
Here are some examples of sentences using negation in Esperanto:  


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Esperanto !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| mi estas parolinta || mee eh-stahs pah-roh-lin-tah || I have spoken
|-
|-
! Esperanto !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
| mi ne estas parolinta || mee neh eh-stahs pah-roh-lin-tah || I have not spoken
|-
|-
| Mi ne scias || mee neh skiahs || I don't know
| li estis manĝinta pomojn || lee eh-stis mahn-jin-tah poh-moy-n || He had eaten apples
|-
|-
| Li ne volas paroli || lee neh volahs parohlee || He doesn't want to talk
| li ne estis manĝinta pomojn || lee neh eh-stis mahn-jin-tah poh-moy-n || He had not eaten apples
|}
 
== The Word "Neniam" ==
 
"Neniam" means "never" in Esperanto, and is used to express negation of an action that has not been, and will not be performed. For example, "I have never been to Paris" can be translated as "Mi neniam estis en Parizo."
 
Let's see some examples of using "neniam" in Esperanto:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Esperanto !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Ŝi ne estas feliĉa || shee neh ehs-tahs fehlee-chah || She is not happy
| Mi neniam trinkas kafon. || mee neh-nee-ahm trin-kahs kah-fohn || I never drink coffee.
|-
|-
| Neniu venis || nehnyoo vehnees || No one came
| Li neniam vidis viron kun tiu ĉapelo. || lee neh-nee-ahm vi-dis veer-ohn koon tee-oo cha-peh-loh || He never saw a man with that hat. 
|-
|-
| Neniam mi faros tion || nehnyam mee fahrohs teeohn || I will never do that
| Ni ne havas neniun tempon por ĉi tio. || nee neh hah-vahs nehn-yoon tehm-pohn pohr chee tee-oh || We don't have any time for this.
|}
|}


== Conclusion ==
== Double Negation ==
In conclusion, negation in Esperanto is quite simple. The most common way to express negation is to use the word ''ne'' before the verb. You can also use ''ne'' with adjectives and adverbs. In addition to using ''ne'', there are other words that can be used to express negation in a more specific way.  
 
In Esperanto, double negation is not allowed. For example, "Mi ne manĝas nenion" is not permissible by the fundamental 12nd rule.
 
==Dialogue==
 
Person 1: Ĉu vi parolas Esperanton? (Do you speak Esperanto?)
Person 2: Ne, mi ne parolas Esperanton. (No, I don't speak Esperanto.)
Person 1: Ĉu vi ne povas lerni Esperanton? (Can't you learn Esperanto?)
Person 2: Jes, mi povas lerni Esperanton, sed mi ne havas tempon nun. (Yes, I can learn Esperanto, but I don't have time now.)
 
== Practice ==
 
To practice negation in Esperanto, find native speakers on [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=37 Polyglot Club] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/esperanto/question questions]! You can also refer to the [https://polyglotclub.com/language/esperanto/ Grammar] section on the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website.
 
<span class='maj'></span>
==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto_grammar Esperanto grammar - Wikipedia]
* [https://babel.ucsc.edu/~hank/105/Esperanto16.pdf The Sixteen Rules of Esperanto Grammar]
 
{{#seo:
|title=Esperanto Grammar - Negation
|keywords=Esperanto negation, Esperanto grammar, compound tenses, double negation, Esperanto language
|description=Learn about the use of negation in Esperanto grammar, including basic negation, negation in compound tenses, and the word "neniam." Practice with native Esperanto speakers on Polyglot Club website.
}}


<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


{{Esperanto-Page-Bottom}}
==Videos==


==Videos==
===Esperanto lesson 4: Personal possessive pronouns, negation, yes ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aVzLh88Ds04</youtube>


===Esperanto 101: Questions, Negation, Conjunctions===
===Esperanto 101: Questions, Negation, Conjunctions - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZO_LDNw7ug</youtube>
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZO_LDNw7ug</youtube>
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Esperanto/Grammar/Personal-pronouns|Personal pronouns]]
* [[Language/Esperanto/Grammar/Possesive-Adjectives|Possesive Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Esperanto/Grammar/THE-PARTICIPLES|THE PARTICIPLES]]
* [[Language/Esperanto/Grammar/PREFIXES|PREFIXES]]
* [[Language/Esperanto/Grammar/ADVERBS|ADVERBS]]
* [[Language/Esperanto/Grammar/Present-Tense|Present Tense]]
* [[Language/Esperanto/Grammar/Verbs|Verbs]]
* [[Language/Esperanto/Grammar/Possessive-pronouns|Possessive pronouns]]
* [[Language/Esperanto/Grammar/THE-NEGATIVE|THE NEGATIVE]]
* [[Language/Esperanto/Grammar/THE-CORRELATIVES|THE CORRELATIVES]]
{{Esperanto-Page-Bottom}}
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 14:58, 27 November 2023

Esperanto-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Esperanto Grammar - Negation

Hi Esperanto learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn about negation in Esperanto. Negation refers to the expression of negative statements, such as "I can't speak Esperanto" or "I don't understand."


Finish this lesson and explore these related pages: Gender, Prepositions, THE ACCUSATIVE & SUFFIXES.

Basic Negation[edit | edit source]

In Esperanto, negation is expressed by adding the prefix "ne-" before the verb. For example, "mi parolas" means "I speak," while "mi ne parolas" means "I don't speak."

Let's see some examples of basic negation in Esperanto:

Esperanto Pronunciation English
mi parolas mee pah-roh-lahs I speak
mi ne parolas mee neh pah-roh-lahs I don't speak
ŝi estas bela shee eh-stahs beh-lah She is beautiful
ŝi ne estas bela shee neh eh-stahs beh-lah She is not beautiful
li manĝas pomojn lee mahn-jahs poh-moy-n He eats apples
li ne manĝas pomojn lee neh mahn-jahs poh-moy-n He doesn't eat apples

Negation in Compound Tenses[edit | edit source]

When negating compound tenses (such as past tense), the negation is placed before the auxiliary verb "esti" (to be). For example, "Mi estas parolinta" means "I have spoken," while "Mi ne estas parolinta" means "I have not spoken."

Let's see some examples of negation in compound tenses in Esperanto:

Esperanto Pronunciation English
mi estas parolinta mee eh-stahs pah-roh-lin-tah I have spoken
mi ne estas parolinta mee neh eh-stahs pah-roh-lin-tah I have not spoken
li estis manĝinta pomojn lee eh-stis mahn-jin-tah poh-moy-n He had eaten apples
li ne estis manĝinta pomojn lee neh eh-stis mahn-jin-tah poh-moy-n He had not eaten apples

The Word "Neniam"[edit | edit source]

"Neniam" means "never" in Esperanto, and is used to express negation of an action that has not been, and will not be performed. For example, "I have never been to Paris" can be translated as "Mi neniam estis en Parizo."

Let's see some examples of using "neniam" in Esperanto:

Esperanto Pronunciation English
Mi neniam trinkas kafon. mee neh-nee-ahm trin-kahs kah-fohn I never drink coffee.
Li neniam vidis viron kun tiu ĉapelo. lee neh-nee-ahm vi-dis veer-ohn koon tee-oo cha-peh-loh He never saw a man with that hat.
Ni ne havas neniun tempon por ĉi tio. nee neh hah-vahs nehn-yoon tehm-pohn pohr chee tee-oh We don't have any time for this.

Double Negation[edit | edit source]

In Esperanto, double negation is not allowed. For example, "Mi ne manĝas nenion" is not permissible by the fundamental 12nd rule.

Dialogue[edit | edit source]

Person 1: Ĉu vi parolas Esperanton? (Do you speak Esperanto?) Person 2: Ne, mi ne parolas Esperanton. (No, I don't speak Esperanto.) Person 1: Ĉu vi ne povas lerni Esperanton? (Can't you learn Esperanto?) Person 2: Jes, mi povas lerni Esperanton, sed mi ne havas tempon nun. (Yes, I can learn Esperanto, but I don't have time now.)

Practice[edit | edit source]

To practice negation in Esperanto, find native speakers on Polyglot Club and ask them any questions! You can also refer to the Grammar section on the Polyglot Club website.

Sources[edit | edit source]

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Videos[edit | edit source]

Esperanto lesson 4: Personal possessive pronouns, negation, yes ...[edit | edit source]

Esperanto 101: Questions, Negation, Conjunctions - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]


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