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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Amharic|Amharic]]  → [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Amharic/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Basic Vocabulary → Greetings and Introductions</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Amharic|Amharic]]  → [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Amharic/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Basic Vocabulary → Greetings and Introductions</div>


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Amharic is the official language of Ethiopia and is spoken by more than 25 million people worldwide. Learning Amharic can open doors to Ethiopian culture and help you communicate with people in Ethiopia and other Amharic-speaking communities.
== Introduction ==
 
Welcome to the lesson on Amharic greetings and introductions! In this lesson, you will learn the basic vocabulary and phrases needed to greet others and introduce yourself in Amharic. Greetings and introductions are fundamental to any language, as they are the first step in building connections and establishing relationships. By learning these essential phrases, you will be able to confidently engage with native Amharic speakers and make a positive impression. So let's dive in and explore the fascinating world of Amharic greetings and introductions!


In this lesson, we will learn the basics of Amharic greetings and introductions, including common phrases and cultural information.
== Cultural Significance ==


Greetings and introductions play a crucial role in Amharic culture. Ethiopians are known for their warm and welcoming nature, and greetings are an important part of their daily interactions. When meeting someone for the first time or even when encountering acquaintances, it is customary to exchange greetings as a sign of respect and friendship. Greetings are an opportunity to show appreciation for the other person's presence and to acknowledge their importance. In Amharic culture, a warm and sincere greeting can set the tone for a positive and harmonious encounter. So, by learning Amharic greetings and introductions, you will not only acquire language skills but also gain insights into Ethiopian customs and traditions.


<span link>Don't miss the chance to check out these pages as you wrap up this lesson: [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Professions-and-Work|Professions and Work]] & [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Shopping|Shopping]].</span>
== Basic Greetings ==
== Basic Greetings ==


Let's start with the most common greeting in Amharic:
Let's begin by learning some common Amharic greetings that will help you start conversations and connect with others. Remember to practice the pronunciation along with the phrases to ensure clear communication.
 
=== Greeting Someone ===
 
When greeting someone in Amharic, a simple and friendly "Hello" can go a long way. Here are a few ways to greet someone in Amharic:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Amharic !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| ሰላም (sälam) || sah-lahm || Hello
|-
| ደህና መርገጥ (dehna mergit) || deh-hnah mair-git || Good morning
|-
| ሰመር (semär) || seh-mahr || Good afternoon
|-
| አስመር (äsmer) || as-mehr || Good evening
|-
| መልካም (melkam) || mel-kam || Good day
|}


=== ሰላም (sälam) ===
Note: "ሰላም (sälam)" can be used at any time of the day and is the most common greeting in Amharic.


Pronounced "sälam," this is the Amharic equivalent of "hello." It's used in formal and informal settings, and you can respond with the same phrase.
=== Responding to Greetings ===


=== እውነት ነው? (iwǝnət näw?) ===
When someone greets you in Amharic, it is polite to respond with a similar greeting or a suitable reply. Here are a few ways to respond to greetings in Amharic:


This phrase means "how are you?" and is pronounced "iwǝnət näw?" It's common to use this phrase when meeting someone for the first time or checking in on a friend or colleague.
{| class="wikitable"
! Amharic !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| ሰላም (sälam) || sah-lahm || Hello
|-
| ደህና መርገጥ (dehna mergit) || deh-hnah mair-git || Good morning
|-
| ሰመር (semär) || seh-mahr || Good afternoon
|-
| አስመር (äsmer) || as-mehr || Good evening
|-
| መልካም (melkam) || mel-kam || Good day
|}


When responding to this greeting, you can say:
=== Asking How Someone Is ===


* እንኳን አደረሳችሁ (ənnaan adäräsäshu) - "I'm fine, thank you"
In addition to greeting someone, it is customary to ask how they are doing as a gesture of care and politeness. Here are a few phrases you can use to ask how someone is in Amharic:
* ያላችሁ ነው (yälachuh näw) - "I'm good"


=== እንደ መልካም ቤት ያለ አባት (əndä mälkam bet yalä abät) ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Amharic !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| እንዴት ነህ? (ändet neh?) || en-deht neh? || How are you?
|-
| እንዴት ነሽ? (ändet nesh?) || en-deht nesh? || How are you? (feminine)
|-
| እንዴት ነህን? (ändet nehn?) || en-deht nehn? || How are you? (plural)
|-
| እንዴት ነሽን? (ändet neshn?) || en-deht neshn? || How are you? (feminine plural)
|-
| እንዴት ነህና? (ändet neha?) || en-deht neha? || How are you? (respectful)
|-
| እንዴት ነሽና? (ändet neshan?) || en-deht neshan? || How are you? (feminine respectful)
|}


This phrase means "welcome" and is pronounced "əndä mälkam bet yalä abät". It's common to use this phrase when someone visits your home, business, or country.
=== Responding to How Someone Is ===


When responding to this greeting, you can say:
When someone asks how you are in Amharic, it is customary to respond with a suitable reply. Here are a few phrases you can use to respond to "How are you?" in Amharic:


* እንኳን በደህና መጣህ (ənnaan bädhana mätaah) - "Thank you for having me"
{| class="wikitable"
* እኔ ለአንተ ስንልክ ነኝ (əne lä'antä sinlike nägä) - "I feel at home with you"
! Amharic !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| አዎ (awo) || ah-woh || Yes
|-
| አዎንተው (awoni'tew) || ah-woh-ni-tehw || Yes, I am fine
|-
| አዎን (awon) || ah-won || Yes, I am
|-
| አዎንስ (awons) || ah-wons || Yes, I am (feminine)
|-
| አዎንን (awonn) || ah-wonn || Yes, I am (plural)
|-
| አዎንሽን (awonshn) || ah-won-shn || Yes, I am (feminine plural)
|-
| አዎንም (awonm) || ah-wonm || Yes, I am (respectful)
|-
| አዎንሽ (awonsh) || ah-wonsh || Yes, I am (feminine respectful)
|-
| አዎንም (awonm) || ah-wonm || Yes, I am
|-
| አይደለሁ (aydelehuh) || ay-deh-leh-huh || I'm fine
|-
| በጣም ነኝ (be'tam negn) || be-tam negn || I'm good
|-
| እወድሃለሁ (ewede'haluh) || eh-we-deh-ha-luh || I'm doing well
|-
| ጤና ይስጥልኝ (tena yistilign) || te-na yis-til-ign || I'm blessed
|}


== Introducing Yourself ==
== Introducing Yourself ==


Now that we've covered basic greetings, let's look at how to introduce ourselves in Amharic.  
Now that you know how to greet others, let's move on to introducing yourself in Amharic. Introducing yourself is an essential skill for building connections and initiating conversations. Here's how you can introduce yourself in Amharic:
 
=== My Name Is ===
 
When introducing yourself, it is customary to start by stating your name. Here's how you can say "My name is" in Amharic:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Amharic !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| ልጆችን ልማት ሳይቀር (ljoch'n lamat sayker) || lyoh-chn la-mat sahy-ker || My name is
|-
| የኔ ስም ነው (ye'ne sim new) || ye-neh sim new || I am called
|-
| የኔ ስም (ye'ne sim) || ye-neh sim || My name is
|}
 
=== General Introductions ===


=== በስም አስተዋይቅ (bäsäm astäwa'iq) ===
After stating your name, you can provide additional information about yourself. Here are a few examples of general introductions in Amharic:


To introduce yourself in Amharic, you can use the phrase "bäsäm astäwa'iq," which means "my name is." Simply say your name after this phrase to introduce yourself. For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Amharic !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| እህት (eht) || eht || Female
|-
| ወንድ (wend) || wend || Male
|-
| እጅግ እባክህ (ejig ebakeh) || eh-jig eh-bah-keh || Nice to meet you
|-
| አዎን (awon) || ah-won || Yes, I am
|-
| አዎንሽ (awonsh) || ah-wonsh || Yes, I am (feminine)
|-
| አዎንን (awonn) || ah-wonn || Yes, I am (plural)
|-
| አዎንሽን (awonshn) || ah-won-shn || Yes, I am (feminine plural)
|-
| አዎንም (awonm) || ah-wonm || Yes, I am (respectful)
|-
| አዎንሽ (awonsh) || ah-wonsh || Yes, I am (feminine respectful)
|-
| አዎንም (awonm) || ah-wonm || Yes, I am
|-
| አይደለሁ (aydelehuh) || ay-deh-leh-huh || I'm fine
|-
| በጣም ነኝ (be'tam negn) || be-tam negn || I'm good
|-
| እወድሃለሁ (ewede'haluh) || eh-we-deh-ha-luh || I'm doing well
|-
| ጤና ይስጥልኝ (tena yistilign) || te-na yis-til-ign || I'm blessed
|}


* በስም አስተዋይቅ ነው። (bäsäm astäwa'iq näw) - "My name is [your name]."
Note: The phrases "Female" and "Male" can be used to specify your gender when introducing yourself.


=== እባክዎ አዎን ለዚህ ንገር። (əbakäwo awon läzee nägär) ===
== Cultural Insights ==
Amharic greetings and introductions are deeply rooted in Ethiopian culture, reflecting the values of respect, community, and warmth. Ethiopians often take the time to exchange pleasantries and inquire about each other's well-being, emphasizing the importance of human connection and relationships. It is customary to greet older individuals and people of authority with additional respect by using appropriate honorifics or greetings. In rural areas, it is common for people to greet each other by clasping hands and exchanging a few words, creating a sense of familiarity and unity. Understanding these cultural nuances will not only enhance your language skills but also allow you to engage with Ethiopians on a deeper level.


This phrase means "please tell me about yourself" and is pronounced "əbakäwo awon läzee nägär."
== Exercise: Greetings and Introductions ==


When responding to this question, you may want to start with your nationality or profession. Here are some examples:
Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Use the following scenarios to engage in greetings and introductions in Amharic:


* እኔ ኢትዮጵያዊ ነኝ (əne ityopiyawi nägä) - "I am Ethiopian."
=== Scenario 1 ===
* እኔ ላይክ ያልተሰራ ነኝ (əne läyik yalätäsära nägä) - "I'm a graphic designer."
* እኔ ብርቱዎችን እየደረሰ ነኝ (əne bərtuwocanə yädərəsä nägä) - "I love butterflies."


=== እባክዎ በድምጾ ቢስ ተዋሕዶ (əbakawo bäd'mtso bis tawāhado) ===
You meet a friendly Amharic speaker at a social gathering. Practice greeting them and introducing yourself.


This phrase means "nice to meet you" and is pronounced "əbakawo bäd'mtso bis tawāhado."
=== Scenario 2 ===


When responding to this greeting, you can say:
You are attending an Amharic language meetup. Practice greeting the other participants and introducing yourself.


* እኔም እወዳዋለሁ (ənämm ewädawalähu) - "Nice to meet you too"
=== Scenario 3 ===
* ይባል ነበር (yäbal naläbär) - "Likewise"


== Cultural Information ==
You encounter an elderly person in Ethiopia. Practice showing respect by using appropriate greetings and introductions.


In Ethiopian culture, it's common to greet and address people using their first name and the name of their father. For example, if someone's name is "Muluken" and their father's name is "Taye," they might be greeted or addressed as "Muluken Taye."
== Solutions: Greetings and Introductions ==


It's also customary to use formal greetings and expressions when speaking with elders or people in positions of authority or respect. This includes using titles like "Ato" (Mr.), "Wzo" (Mrs.), or "Alemachen" (Princess).
Here are some possible solutions for the exercise scenarios:


In some settings, it's also appropriate to bow slightly when greeting or addressing someone in a formal or respectful manner.
=== Scenario 1 ===


== Conclusion ==
Amharic Speaker: ሰላም (sälam)
You: ሰላም (sälam)
Amharic Speaker: ሰላም ልጆችን ልማት ሳይቀር? (sälam ljoch'n lamat sayker?)
You: ልጆችን ልማት ሳይቀር ነው (ljoch'n lamat sayker new).
 
=== Scenario 2 ===
 
You: ሰላም (sälam)
Participant 1: ሰላም (sälam)
Participant 2: ሰላም (sälam)
You: ሰመር (semär). ልጆችን ልማት ሳይቀር ነው (ljoch'n lamat sayker new).


In this lesson, we covered some of the most common Amharic greetings and introductions, as well as some cultural information related to these greetings.
=== Scenario 3 ===


Remember that learning a language also involves understanding the cultural context in which the language is spoken. Keep in mind the cultural information we discussed and practice using these phrases with Amharic-speaking friends or colleagues.
Elderly Person: ሰላም (sälam)
You: ሰላም (sälam)
Elderly Person: ሰላም ልጆችን ልማት ሳይቀር? (sälam ljoch'n lamat sayker?)
You: እህት (eht). ልጆችን ልማት ሳይቀር ነው (ljoch'n lamat sayker new).


Now that we've learned some basic greetings and introductions, let's move on to the next lesson in the course: "Numbers and Counting."
== Conclusion ==


Congratulations! You have now learned the basic vocabulary and phrases for greetings and introductions in Amharic. By mastering these essential skills, you will be able to confidently engage with native Amharic speakers and make meaningful connections. Remember to practice regularly to improve your pronunciation and fluency. In the next lesson, we will explore numbers and counting in Amharic, allowing you to expand your vocabulary and communicate effectively in various contexts. Keep up the great work!


<span link>With this lesson finished, you may want to explore these additional pages: [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Asking-for-Help|Asking for Help]] & [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Saying-You-Are-Sick|Saying You Are Sick]].</span>
{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Amharic Vocabulary → Basic Vocabulary → Greetings and Introductions
|title=Amharic Vocabulary → Basic Vocabulary → Greetings and Introductions
|keywords=amharic greetings, amharic introductions, common amharic phrases
|keywords=Amharic greetings, Amharic introductions, Amharic phrases, Amharic culture, Ethiopian culture, Amharic exercises, Amharic practice
|description=Learn common Amharic greetings and how to introduce yourself to others in this lesson. We'll cover common phrases and cultural information to help you communicate in Ethiopia and other Amharic-speaking communities.
|description=In this lesson, you will learn common Amharic greetings and how to introduce yourself to others. Explore the cultural significance of greetings in Amharic culture and engage in exercises to practice your skills. Get ready to immerse yourself in the vibrant world of Amharic greetings and introductions!
}}
}}


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==Videos==
==Videos==
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===Amharic Language for beginners | Greeting/ሰላምታ - YouTube===
===Amharic Language for beginners | Greeting/ሰላምታ - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Idm7f5F_k6Y</youtube>
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Idm7f5F_k6Y</youtube>
==Sources==
* [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.robtheis.android.phrasebook.ac.bc&hl=en_US&gl=US Amharic Basic Phrases - Apps on Google Play]


==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Directions|Directions]]
* [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Directions|Directions]]


<span class='maj'></span>
 
==Sources==
* [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.robtheis.android.phrasebook.ac.bc&hl=en_US&gl=US Amharic Basic Phrases - Apps on Google Play]


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Revision as of 07:37, 21 June 2023

◀️ Pronunciation and Phonetics — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Numbers and Counting ▶️

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Amharic → Vocabulary → 0 to A1 Course → Basic Vocabulary → Greetings and Introductions

Introduction

Welcome to the lesson on Amharic greetings and introductions! In this lesson, you will learn the basic vocabulary and phrases needed to greet others and introduce yourself in Amharic. Greetings and introductions are fundamental to any language, as they are the first step in building connections and establishing relationships. By learning these essential phrases, you will be able to confidently engage with native Amharic speakers and make a positive impression. So let's dive in and explore the fascinating world of Amharic greetings and introductions!

Cultural Significance

Greetings and introductions play a crucial role in Amharic culture. Ethiopians are known for their warm and welcoming nature, and greetings are an important part of their daily interactions. When meeting someone for the first time or even when encountering acquaintances, it is customary to exchange greetings as a sign of respect and friendship. Greetings are an opportunity to show appreciation for the other person's presence and to acknowledge their importance. In Amharic culture, a warm and sincere greeting can set the tone for a positive and harmonious encounter. So, by learning Amharic greetings and introductions, you will not only acquire language skills but also gain insights into Ethiopian customs and traditions.

Basic Greetings

Let's begin by learning some common Amharic greetings that will help you start conversations and connect with others. Remember to practice the pronunciation along with the phrases to ensure clear communication.

Greeting Someone

When greeting someone in Amharic, a simple and friendly "Hello" can go a long way. Here are a few ways to greet someone in Amharic:

Amharic Pronunciation English Translation
ሰላም (sälam) sah-lahm Hello
ደህና መርገጥ (dehna mergit) deh-hnah mair-git Good morning
ሰመር (semär) seh-mahr Good afternoon
አስመር (äsmer) as-mehr Good evening
መልካም (melkam) mel-kam Good day

Note: "ሰላም (sälam)" can be used at any time of the day and is the most common greeting in Amharic.

Responding to Greetings

When someone greets you in Amharic, it is polite to respond with a similar greeting or a suitable reply. Here are a few ways to respond to greetings in Amharic:

Amharic Pronunciation English Translation
ሰላም (sälam) sah-lahm Hello
ደህና መርገጥ (dehna mergit) deh-hnah mair-git Good morning
ሰመር (semär) seh-mahr Good afternoon
አስመር (äsmer) as-mehr Good evening
መልካም (melkam) mel-kam Good day

Asking How Someone Is

In addition to greeting someone, it is customary to ask how they are doing as a gesture of care and politeness. Here are a few phrases you can use to ask how someone is in Amharic:

Amharic Pronunciation English Translation
እንዴት ነህ? (ändet neh?) en-deht neh? How are you?
እንዴት ነሽ? (ändet nesh?) en-deht nesh? How are you? (feminine)
እንዴት ነህን? (ändet nehn?) en-deht nehn? How are you? (plural)
እንዴት ነሽን? (ändet neshn?) en-deht neshn? How are you? (feminine plural)
እንዴት ነህና? (ändet neha?) en-deht neha? How are you? (respectful)
እንዴት ነሽና? (ändet neshan?) en-deht neshan? How are you? (feminine respectful)

Responding to How Someone Is

When someone asks how you are in Amharic, it is customary to respond with a suitable reply. Here are a few phrases you can use to respond to "How are you?" in Amharic:

Amharic Pronunciation English Translation
አዎ (awo) ah-woh Yes
አዎንተው (awoni'tew) ah-woh-ni-tehw Yes, I am fine
አዎን (awon) ah-won Yes, I am
አዎንስ (awons) ah-wons Yes, I am (feminine)
አዎንን (awonn) ah-wonn Yes, I am (plural)
አዎንሽን (awonshn) ah-won-shn Yes, I am (feminine plural)
አዎንም (awonm) ah-wonm Yes, I am (respectful)
አዎንሽ (awonsh) ah-wonsh Yes, I am (feminine respectful)
አዎንም (awonm) ah-wonm Yes, I am
አይደለሁ (aydelehuh) ay-deh-leh-huh I'm fine
በጣም ነኝ (be'tam negn) be-tam negn I'm good
እወድሃለሁ (ewede'haluh) eh-we-deh-ha-luh I'm doing well
ጤና ይስጥልኝ (tena yistilign) te-na yis-til-ign I'm blessed

Introducing Yourself

Now that you know how to greet others, let's move on to introducing yourself in Amharic. Introducing yourself is an essential skill for building connections and initiating conversations. Here's how you can introduce yourself in Amharic:

My Name Is

When introducing yourself, it is customary to start by stating your name. Here's how you can say "My name is" in Amharic:

Amharic Pronunciation English Translation
ልጆችን ልማት ሳይቀር (ljoch'n lamat sayker) lyoh-chn la-mat sahy-ker My name is
የኔ ስም ነው (ye'ne sim new) ye-neh sim new I am called
የኔ ስም (ye'ne sim) ye-neh sim My name is

General Introductions

After stating your name, you can provide additional information about yourself. Here are a few examples of general introductions in Amharic:

Amharic Pronunciation English Translation
እህት (eht) eht Female
ወንድ (wend) wend Male
እጅግ እባክህ (ejig ebakeh) eh-jig eh-bah-keh Nice to meet you
አዎን (awon) ah-won Yes, I am
አዎንሽ (awonsh) ah-wonsh Yes, I am (feminine)
አዎንን (awonn) ah-wonn Yes, I am (plural)
አዎንሽን (awonshn) ah-won-shn Yes, I am (feminine plural)
አዎንም (awonm) ah-wonm Yes, I am (respectful)
አዎንሽ (awonsh) ah-wonsh Yes, I am (feminine respectful)
አዎንም (awonm) ah-wonm Yes, I am
አይደለሁ (aydelehuh) ay-deh-leh-huh I'm fine
በጣም ነኝ (be'tam negn) be-tam negn I'm good
እወድሃለሁ (ewede'haluh) eh-we-deh-ha-luh I'm doing well
ጤና ይስጥልኝ (tena yistilign) te-na yis-til-ign I'm blessed

Note: The phrases "Female" and "Male" can be used to specify your gender when introducing yourself.

Cultural Insights

Amharic greetings and introductions are deeply rooted in Ethiopian culture, reflecting the values of respect, community, and warmth. Ethiopians often take the time to exchange pleasantries and inquire about each other's well-being, emphasizing the importance of human connection and relationships. It is customary to greet older individuals and people of authority with additional respect by using appropriate honorifics or greetings. In rural areas, it is common for people to greet each other by clasping hands and exchanging a few words, creating a sense of familiarity and unity. Understanding these cultural nuances will not only enhance your language skills but also allow you to engage with Ethiopians on a deeper level.

Exercise: Greetings and Introductions

Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Use the following scenarios to engage in greetings and introductions in Amharic:

Scenario 1

You meet a friendly Amharic speaker at a social gathering. Practice greeting them and introducing yourself.

Scenario 2

You are attending an Amharic language meetup. Practice greeting the other participants and introducing yourself.

Scenario 3

You encounter an elderly person in Ethiopia. Practice showing respect by using appropriate greetings and introductions.

Solutions: Greetings and Introductions

Here are some possible solutions for the exercise scenarios:

Scenario 1

Amharic Speaker: ሰላም (sälam) You: ሰላም (sälam) Amharic Speaker: ሰላም ልጆችን ልማት ሳይቀር? (sälam ljoch'n lamat sayker?) You: ልጆችን ልማት ሳይቀር ነው (ljoch'n lamat sayker new).

Scenario 2

You: ሰላም (sälam) Participant 1: ሰላም (sälam) Participant 2: ሰላም (sälam) You: ሰመር (semär). ልጆችን ልማት ሳይቀር ነው (ljoch'n lamat sayker new).

Scenario 3

Elderly Person: ሰላም (sälam) You: ሰላም (sälam) Elderly Person: ሰላም ልጆችን ልማት ሳይቀር? (sälam ljoch'n lamat sayker?) You: እህት (eht). ልጆችን ልማት ሳይቀር ነው (ljoch'n lamat sayker new).

Conclusion

Congratulations! You have now learned the basic vocabulary and phrases for greetings and introductions in Amharic. By mastering these essential skills, you will be able to confidently engage with native Amharic speakers and make meaningful connections. Remember to practice regularly to improve your pronunciation and fluency. In the next lesson, we will explore numbers and counting in Amharic, allowing you to expand your vocabulary and communicate effectively in various contexts. Keep up the great work!

Table of Contents - Amharic Course - 0 to A1


Introduction to Amharic Alphabet


Basic Vocabulary


Basic Sentence Structure


Everyday Vocabulary


Intermediate Sentence Structure


Advanced Vocabulary


Ethiopian Culture and Traditions

Videos

Speak Amharic -Greetings- Part One - YouTube

Amharic language for beginners (Lesson 2 - Greeting based on the ...

Amharic Language for beginners | Greeting/ሰላምታ - YouTube


Sources


Other Lessons



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