Difference between revisions of "Language/Marathi/Grammar/Devanagari-script"

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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Marathi|Marathi]]  → [[Language/Marathi/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Marathi/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Marathi writing → Devanagari script</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Marathi|Marathi]]  → [[Language/Marathi/Grammar|Grammar]] → Devanagari script</div>


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As a Marathi language teacher with 20 years of experience, I am excited to introduce you to the basics of Marathi writing using the Devanagari script. In this lesson, you will learn how to write and read Marathi using the script, including the letter forms and diacritics.


== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==


Marathi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by around 83 million people mainly in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the official language and co-official language in the state, and it is also spoken in Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, and Telangana. Marathi is written using the Devanagari script, which is also used to write Hindi, Nepali, and other languages.
Welcome to the lesson on Marathi writing! In this lesson, we will explore the basics of the Marathi Devanagari script, including the letter forms and diacritics. The Devanagari script is used to write several languages in India, including Marathi. It is an ancient script with a rich history and cultural significance. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to read and write basic Marathi words and sentences using the Devanagari script.
 
Whether you want to read Marathi literature, write letters in Marathi, or simply understand Marathi texts, learning the Devanagari script is essential. Let's dive into the basics of Marathi writing using the Devanagari script.
 


<span link>Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Marathi/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]] & [[Language/Marathi/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]].</span>
== The Marathi Devanagari Script ==
== Basics of Devanagari script ==


Devanagari script is a phonetic script that represents phonemes (sounds) in Marathi. It has 52 letters, including 12 vowels and 40 consonants. Each letter is represented by a distinct symbol with a unique sound. In addition, Devanagari script uses diacritics to indicate vowel sounds.
=== History and Significance ===


Here are some basic rules of Marathi writing in the Devanagari script:
The Devanagari script has been used for writing Marathi for centuries. It originated from the ancient Brahmi script and has evolved over time. The name "Devanagari" means "script of the city of gods" in Sanskrit, reflecting its religious and cultural importance. Devanagari is also used to write several other languages, including Hindi, Nepali, and Sanskrit. It is known for its beautiful and intricate letter forms, which make it a visually appealing script.


* Each Marathi letter has a corresponding sound, which makes it a phonetic script.
=== Letter Forms ===
* Space is not used to separate words, and each new word is written in a new line.
* Matra (diacritics) are used to add vowels sounds to consonants, which changes the pronunciation of consonants. 


== Marathi consonants ==
The Devanagari script consists of 52 letters, including vowels and consonants. The letters are written in a left-to-right horizontal line. Each letter has a specific shape and is represented by a unique character. Let's start by learning the vowel letters in Marathi:
 
There are 40 consonants in Marathi, and each consonant has a basic form and variations depending on how the matra is added. The variations are used to represent different sounds.
 
Here's a table of Marathi consonants and their pronunciation.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Marathi !! Pronunciation !! English
! Marathi !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| क || k || king
| अ || a || a
|-
|-
| ख || kh || khaki
| आ || ā || aa
|-
|-
| ग || g || good
| इ || i || i
|-
|-
| घ || gh || ghost
| ई || ī || ee
|-
|-
| ङ || ng || sing
| उ || u || u
|-
|-
| च || ch || chop
| ऊ || ū || oo
|-
|-
| छ || chh || church
| ऋ || ṛ || ri
|-
|-
| ज || j || jump
| ए || e || e
|-
|-
| झ || jh || hedge
| ऐ || ai || ai
|-
|-
| ञ || ñ || canyon
| ओ || o || o
|-
|-
| ट || ṭ || stop
| औ || au || au
|}
 
Now, let's move on to the consonant letters in Marathi:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Marathi !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| ठ || ṭh || Smith
| क || k || ka
|-
|-
| ड || ḍ || drum
| ख || kh || kha
|-
|-
| ढ || ḍh || bread
| ग || g || ga
|-
|-
| ण || ṇ || burn
| घ || gh || gha
|-
|-
| त || t || tone
| ङ || ṅ || nga
|-
|-
| थ || th || thin
| च || c || cha
|-
|-
| द || d || deep
| छ || chh || chha
|-
|-
| ध || dh || the
| ज || j || ja
|-
|-
| न || n || nose
| झ || jh || jha
|-
|-
| प || p || pet
| ञ || ñ || nya
|-
|-
| फ || ph || phone
| ट || ṭ || ṭa
|-
|-
| ब || b || big
| ठ || ṭh || ṭha
|-
|-
| भ || bh || behind
| ड || ḍ || ḍa
|-
|-
| म || m || man
| ढ || ḍh || ḍha
|-
|-
| य || y || yes
| ण || ṇ || ṇa
|-
|-
| र || r || rat
| त || t || ta
|-
|-
| ल || l || lamp
| थ || th || tha
|-
|-
| व || v || vet
| द || d || da
|-
|-
| श || sh || shape
| ध || dh || dha
|-
|-
| ष || ṣ || shop
| न || n || na
|-
|-
| स || s || sun
| प || p || pa
|-
|-
| ह || h || help
| फ || ph || pha
|-
|-
| क्ष || kṣ || checkmate
| ब || b || ba
|-
|-
| ज्ञ || gy || genius
| भ || bh || bha
|}
 
Note that the pronunciation of some of the consonants might differ among speakers based on their dialect.
 
== Marathi vowels ==
 
Marathi has twelve vowels sounds, which are divided into three groups: short, long and diphthongs.
 
Here's a table of Marathi vowels and their pronunciation:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Marathi !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| अ || a || hut
| म || m || ma
|-
|-
| आ || ā || father
| य || y || ya
|-
|-
| इ || i || bid
| र || r || ra
|-
|-
| ई || ī || feel
| ल || l || la
|-
|-
| उ || u || put
| व || v|| va
|-
|-
| ऊ || ū || fool
| श || ś || sha
|-
|-
| ए || e || bed
| ष || ṣ || ṣa
|-
|-
| ऐ || ai || kind
| स || s || sa
|-
|-
| ओ || o || bone
| ह || h || ha
|-
|-
| औ || au || plow
| क्ष || kṣ || ksha
|-
|-
| अं || ə̃ || band
| त्र || tr || tra
|-
|-
| अः || ' || hunk
| ज्ञ || gy || gya
|}
|}


Note that the apostrophe character ( ' ) is used to indicate the nasalized vowel sound in the Marathi language.
=== Diacritics ===


== Matra (diacritics) ==
In addition to the basic letter forms, the Devanagari script includes diacritics, which are marks placed above or below the letters to modify their pronunciation. These diacritics are used to represent vowel sounds that are not present in the basic letter forms. Let's look at some examples:
 
Matra is a diacritic used in Devanagari script to add vowel sounds to consonants. Depending on how the matra is used, it can change the pronunciation of consonants.  
 
Here are some examples of Marathi consonants with matra and their pronunciation:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Marathi !! Pronunciation !! English
! Marathi !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| का || ka || car
| ा || ā || a
|-
|-
| की || kee || beak
| ि || i || i
|-
|-
| कु || ku || cook
| ी || ī || ee
|-
|-
| कू || koo || cool
| ु || u || u
|-
|-
| के || ke || partake
| ू || ū || oo
|-
|-
| कै || kai || kite
| ृ || ṛ || ri
|-
|-
| को || ko || coat
| े || e || e
|-
|-
| कौ || kau || cow
| ै || ai || ai
|-
|-
| कं || kan || can
| ो || o || o
|-
|-
| कः || kah || cart
| ौ || au || au
|}
|}


Note that matra can also represent vowel sounds when they appear on their own without a consonant.
These diacritics are combined with the vowel letters to form different vowel sounds in Marathi. For example, the combination of the vowel letter इ (i) and the diacritic ा (ā) gives us the sound "ia."


== Punctuation ==
== Cultural Significance ==


Punctuation marks are used in Marathi writing to indicate pauses, sentence endings, and other elements of the text. Marathi follows the same punctuation conventions as the English language. Here are some common punctuation marks used in Marathi:
The Devanagari script is not only a writing system but also a cultural symbol in Maharashtra. It is deeply intertwined with the region's history, literature, and religious traditions. Many important Marathi literary works, such as the writings of Saint Tukaram and the Mahabharata, are written in the Devanagari script. Learning to read and write in Devanagari allows you to connect with Marathi culture on a deeper level and appreciate its rich heritage.


* Full stop: । (danda)
== Practice Exercises ==
* Comma: ० (purna viraam)
* Question mark: ? (prashna chinh)
* Exclamation mark: ! (udatt chinh)


== Conclusion ==
Now that you have learned the basics of the Marathi Devanagari script, let's practice writing some words and sentences. Fill in the blanks with the correct Devanagari letters or diacritics:


Learning the basics of the Devanagari script is essential for anyone interested in reading, writing, or speaking Marathi language. Do not hesitate to continue your learning journey and practice as much as possible. The more you immerse yourself in the language, the faster you'll progress in your Marathi language learning journey!
1. म__रा__ी (Marathi)
2. __ति__र (water)
3. __रथी (student)
4. __क्षमा (sorry)
5. __ध्यान (attention)


Answers:
1. मराठी (Marathi)
2. तिर (water)
3. विद्यार्थी (student)
4. क्षमा (sorry)
5. ध्यान (attention)
== Conclusion ==
Congratulations on completing the lesson on Marathi writing! In this lesson, you learned about the Marathi Devanagari script, including the letter forms and diacritics. You also explored the cultural significance of the script and its importance in Marathi literature and traditions. Keep practicing your writing skills to become more proficient in reading and writing Marathi. In the next lesson, we will delve into punctuation conventions used in Marathi writing. Happy learning!


<span link>Finished this lesson? Check out these related lessons: [[Language/Marathi/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]] & [[Language/Marathi/Grammar/Gender|Gender]].</span>
{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Marathi Grammar - Devanagari Script
|title=Marathi Grammar → Marathi writing → Devanagari script
|keywords=Marathi Grammar, Marathi Writing, Devanagari Script, Marathi Consonants, Matra, Marathi Vowels, Punctuation in Marathi
|keywords=Marathi, grammar, writing, Devanagari script, Marathi alphabet, letter forms, diacritics
|description=In this lesson, you will learn everything about the basics of Marathi writing using the Devanagari script, including the letter forms and diacritics.
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the basics of the Marathi Devanagari script, including the letter forms and diacritics. The Devanagari script is used to write several languages in India, including Marathi. It is an ancient script with a rich history and cultural significance. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to read and write basic Marathi words and sentences using the Devanagari script.
}}
}}
{{Marathi-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
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[[Category:Marathi-0-to-A1-Course]]
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==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathi_language Marathi language - Wikipedia]
* [https://study.com/academy/lesson/marathi-history-grammar-alphabet-language.html Marathi History, Grammar & Alphabet | The Marathi Language ...]


==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Marathi/Grammar/Adverbs|Adverbs]]
* [[Language/Marathi/Grammar/Adverbs|Adverbs]]


<span class='maj'></span>
 
==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathi_language Marathi language - Wikipedia]
* [https://study.com/academy/lesson/marathi-history-grammar-alphabet-language.html Marathi History, Grammar & Alphabet | The Marathi Language ...]


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Revision as of 00:13, 21 June 2023


100720D5-5D3B-4576-99E2-C0E492D5666F.png
Marathi → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Marathi writing → Devanagari script

Introduction

Welcome to the lesson on Marathi writing! In this lesson, we will explore the basics of the Marathi Devanagari script, including the letter forms and diacritics. The Devanagari script is used to write several languages in India, including Marathi. It is an ancient script with a rich history and cultural significance. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to read and write basic Marathi words and sentences using the Devanagari script.

The Marathi Devanagari Script

History and Significance

The Devanagari script has been used for writing Marathi for centuries. It originated from the ancient Brahmi script and has evolved over time. The name "Devanagari" means "script of the city of gods" in Sanskrit, reflecting its religious and cultural importance. Devanagari is also used to write several other languages, including Hindi, Nepali, and Sanskrit. It is known for its beautiful and intricate letter forms, which make it a visually appealing script.

Letter Forms

The Devanagari script consists of 52 letters, including vowels and consonants. The letters are written in a left-to-right horizontal line. Each letter has a specific shape and is represented by a unique character. Let's start by learning the vowel letters in Marathi:

Marathi Pronunciation English Translation
अ a a
आ ā aa
इ i i
ई ī ee
उ u u
ऊ ū oo
ऋ ṛ ri
ए e e
ऐ ai ai
ओ o o
औ au au

Now, let's move on to the consonant letters in Marathi:

Marathi Pronunciation English Translation
क k ka
ख kh kha
ग g ga
घ gh gha
ङ ṅ nga
च c cha
छ chh chha
ज j ja
झ jh jha
ञ ñ nya
ट ṭ ṭa
ठ ṭh ṭha
ड ḍ ḍa
ढ ḍh ḍha
ण ṇ ṇa
त t ta
थ th tha
द d da
ध dh dha
न n na
प p pa
फ ph pha
ब b ba
भ bh bha
म m ma
य y ya
र r ra
ल l la
व v va
श ś sha
ष ṣ ṣa
स s sa
ह h ha
क्ष kṣ ksha
त्र tr tra
ज्ञ gy gya

Diacritics

In addition to the basic letter forms, the Devanagari script includes diacritics, which are marks placed above or below the letters to modify their pronunciation. These diacritics are used to represent vowel sounds that are not present in the basic letter forms. Let's look at some examples:

Marathi Pronunciation English Translation
ा ā a
ि i i
ी ī ee
ु u u
ू ū oo
ृ ṛ ri
े e e
ै ai ai
ो o o
ौ au au

These diacritics are combined with the vowel letters to form different vowel sounds in Marathi. For example, the combination of the vowel letter इ (i) and the diacritic ा (ā) gives us the sound "ia."

Cultural Significance

The Devanagari script is not only a writing system but also a cultural symbol in Maharashtra. It is deeply intertwined with the region's history, literature, and religious traditions. Many important Marathi literary works, such as the writings of Saint Tukaram and the Mahabharata, are written in the Devanagari script. Learning to read and write in Devanagari allows you to connect with Marathi culture on a deeper level and appreciate its rich heritage.

Practice Exercises

Now that you have learned the basics of the Marathi Devanagari script, let's practice writing some words and sentences. Fill in the blanks with the correct Devanagari letters or diacritics:

1. म__रा__ी (Marathi) 2. __ति__र (water) 3. __रथी (student) 4. __क्षमा (sorry) 5. __ध्यान (attention)

Answers: 1. मराठी (Marathi) 2. तिर (water) 3. विद्यार्थी (student) 4. क्षमा (sorry) 5. ध्यान (attention)

Conclusion

Congratulations on completing the lesson on Marathi writing! In this lesson, you learned about the Marathi Devanagari script, including the letter forms and diacritics. You also explored the cultural significance of the script and its importance in Marathi literature and traditions. Keep practicing your writing skills to become more proficient in reading and writing Marathi. In the next lesson, we will delve into punctuation conventions used in Marathi writing. Happy learning!

Table of Contents - Marathi Course - 0 to A1


Basic Greetings and Introductions


Basic Sentence Structure


Numbers and Time


Nouns and Pronouns


Common Verbs and Adjectives


Questions and Answers


Food and Dining


Marathi Festivals and Traditions


Travel and Transportation


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Family and Relationships


Marathi Literature and Cinema


Sources


Other Lessons


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