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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Standard-estonian|Standard Estonian]]  → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Introduction to Estonian vocabulary → Numbers and counting</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Standard-estonian|Standard Estonian]]  → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → Numbers and counting</div>
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==Introduction==
== Introduction ==
<p>Welcome to the "Complete 0 to A1 Standard Estonian Course"! In this lesson, we will introduce you to the Estonian numbers and counting. Numbers are essential to communicate basic information, such as prices, dates, times, and quantities. You will learn how to pronounce numbers, how to count, and how to use them in real-life situations. We hope you will find this lesson engaging and informative!</p>
 
In this lesson, we will explore the Estonian numbers and counting system. Numbers are an essential part of everyday life, and learning them is crucial for basic communication and understanding in any language. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently count and use numbers in Estonian.
 
The Estonian language has a unique counting system that differs from many other languages. It is a cardinal system, meaning that numbers are used to represent quantity or amount. Estonian numbers are relatively easy to learn, and once you understand the basics, you will be able to count to high numbers and use them in various situations.
 
This lesson is part of the "Complete 0 to A1 Standard Estonian Course," and it is specifically designed for complete beginners. We will start by introducing the basic numbers and gradually progress to more complex numbers and counting patterns.
 
== Basic Numbers ==
 
We will begin by learning the basic numbers from one to ten in Estonian. Take your time to familiarize yourself with the pronunciation and spelling of each number. Practice saying them out loud to improve your pronunciation skills.
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| üks || yks || one
|-
| kaks || kahks || two
|-
| kolm || kolm || three
|-
| neli || neli || four
|-
| viis || vees || five
|-
| kuus || kuus || six
|-
| seitse || seitse || seven
|-
| kaheksa || kaheksa || eight
|-
| üheksa || yheksa || nine
|-
| kümme || koom-meh || ten
|}
 
Once you have mastered the basic numbers, it is essential to understand how to form and pronounce larger numbers. In Estonian, larger numbers are constructed by combining the basic numbers.
 
== Forming Larger Numbers ==
 
To form larger numbers in Estonian, you need to learn the number roots from eleven to nineteen and the multiples of ten. Let's take a look at the number roots first:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| üksteist || yk-stayst || eleven
|-
| kaksteist || kahk-stayst || twelve
|-
| kolmteist || kolm-tayst || thirteen
|-
| neliteist || nee-li-tayst || fourteen
|-
| viisteist || vees-tayst || fifteen
|-
| kuusteist || kuus-tayst || sixteen
|-
| seitseteist || sai-tseh-tayst || seventeen
|-
| kaheksateist || ka-hek-sah-tayst || eighteen
|-
| üheksateist || y-hek-sah-tayst || nineteen
|}
 
Now, let's move on to the multiples of ten:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| kakskümmend || kahk-koom-mehnd || twenty
|-
| kolmkümmend || kolm-koom-mehnd || thirty
|-
| nelikümmend || nee-li-koom-mehnd || forty
|-
| viiskümmend || vees-koom-mehnd || fifty
|-
| kuuskümmend || kuus-koom-mehnd || sixty
|-
| seitsekümmend || sai-tseh-koom-mehnd || seventy
|-
| kaheksakümmend || ka-hek-sah-koom-mehnd || eighty
|-
| üheksakümmend || y-hek-sah-koom-mehnd || ninety
|}
 
To form larger numbers, you simply combine the number roots and the multiples of ten. For example, to say "twenty-one" in Estonian, you would combine the word for twenty ("kakskümmend") with the number root for one ("üksteist"). The resulting word is "kakskümmend üks."
 
Let's practice forming larger numbers:
 
* 37 - kolmkümmend seitse (kolm-koom-mehnd sai-tseh)
* 66 - kuuskümmend kuus (kuus-koom-mehnd kuus)
* 92 - üheksakümmend kaks (y-hek-sah-koom-mehnd kahks)
 
Remember to take your time and practice these numbers regularly to become more comfortable with them.
 
== Counting Patterns ==
 
In Estonian, there are specific counting patterns that you need to be aware of when using numbers in different contexts. Let's explore some of the common counting patterns:
 
=== Singular Nouns ===
 
When counting singular nouns in Estonian, you need to use the basic form of the noun. Here are some examples:
 
* üks raamat (one book)
* kaks laud (two tables)
* kolm auto (three cars)
* neli maja (four houses)
 
Notice that the noun does not change form when counting singular items.
 
=== Plural Nouns ===
 
When counting plural nouns in Estonian, you need to use the genitive form of the noun. The genitive form indicates that there is more than one of the noun. Here are some examples:
 
* viis raamatut (five books)
* kuus lauda (six tables)
* seitse autot (seven cars)
* kaheksa maja (eight houses)
 
Notice that the noun changes form in the genitive case when counting plural items.
 
=== Ordinal Numbers ===
 
Estonian also has ordinal numbers, which are used to indicate the position or order of something. Ordinal numbers are formed by adding the suffix "-s" to the cardinal number. For example:
 
* esimene (first)
* teine (second)
* kolmas (third)
* neljas (fourth)
 
=== Fractions ===
 
To express fractions in Estonian, you use the cardinal number followed by the word "osa" (part) and the ordinal number. Here are some examples:
 
* pool (half)
* kolmveerand (three-quarters)
* kolmandik (one-third)
 
Practice using these counting patterns to become more comfortable with numbers in Estonian.
 
== Cultural Insights ==


Understanding the cultural context of counting in Estonian can provide valuable insights into the language and its speakers. Estonians have a rich cultural heritage, and numbers play a significant role in their traditions and customs.


<span link>Consider broadening your understanding by checking out these related lessons: [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Numbers-1-100|Numbers 1 100]] & [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Feelings-and-Emotions|Feelings and Emotions]].</span>
One interesting cultural fact is that Estonians have a tradition of counting their birthdays differently. Instead of counting the number of years they have lived, Estonians count the number of birthdays they have celebrated. For example, if an Estonian person has celebrated ten birthdays, they would say they are "ten years old." This tradition reflects the importance of celebrating life and the passing of time in Estonian culture.
==Estonian numbers==
<p>Estonian numbers are part of the Finno-Ugric language family, and they have a unique system of counting. In Estonian, the numbers are formed by adding suffixes to the root. The suffix varies according to the case, gender, and quantity of the noun that is being counted. For example, the suffix for "one" in the nominative case is "-üks", but it changes to "-kaks" for "two".</p>


===Cardinal numbers===
Estonia is also known for its love of nature and outdoor activities. When counting objects related to nature, such as trees, flowers, or animals, Estonians often use a specific counting pattern called "kollektiiv." This pattern involves using the genitive plural form of the noun and adding the number before it. For example, "kolm puud" means "three trees." This counting pattern emphasizes the connection between humans and nature in Estonian culture.
<p>Let's start with the basic numbers:</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tr>
<th>Standard Estonian</th>
<th>Pronunciation</th>
<th>English Translation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>üks</td>
<td>[yks]</td>
<td>one</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kaks</td>
<td>[käks]</td>
<td>two</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kolm</td>
<td>[kolm]</td>
<td>three</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>neli</td>
<td>[neli]</td>
<td>four</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>viis</td>
<td>[viis]</td>
<td>five</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kuus</td>
<td>[kuus]</td>
<td>six</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>seitse</td>
<td>[seitse]</td>
<td>seven</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kaheksa</td>
<td>[kaheksa]</td>
<td>eight</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>üheksa</td>
<td>[üheksa]</td>
<td>nine</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kümme</td>
<td>[kymme]</td>
<td>ten</td>
</tr>
</table>


===Ordinal numbers===
== Exercises ==
<p>Estonian ordinal numbers are formed by adding the suffix "-esimene" to the cardinal number. For example, "kolmas" (third) is formed by adding "-esimene" to "kolm" (three).</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tr>
<th>Standard Estonian</th>
<th>Pronunciation</th>
<th>English Translation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>esimene</td>
<td>[esimene]</td>
<td>first</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>teine</td>
<td>[teine]</td>
<td>second</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kolmas</td>
<td>[kolmas]</td>
<td>third</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>neljas</td>
<td>[neljas]</td>
<td>fourth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>viies</td>
<td>[viies]</td>
<td>fifth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kuues</td>
<td>[kuues]</td>
<td>sixth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>seitsmes</td>
<td>[seitsmes]</td>
<td>seventh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kaheksas</td>
<td>[kaheksas]</td>
<td>eighth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>üheksas</td>
<td>[üheksas]</td>
<td>ninth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kümnes</td>
<td>[kymnes]</td>
<td>tenth</td>
</tr>
</table>


==Counting in Estonian==
Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of Estonian numbers and counting.
<p>Counting in Estonian is relatively easy once you know the numbers. Here are some important words and expressions:</p>
<ul>
<li>kogus - quantity</li>
<li>maalim - dozen</li>
<li>sada - hundred</li>
<li>tuhat - thousand</li>
</ul>
<p>Let's see some examples:</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tr>
<th>Standard Estonian</th>
<th>Pronunciation</th>
<th>English Translation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kaks kogus</td>
<td>[käks kogus]</td>
<td>two units</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kolm maalim</td>
<td>[kolm maalim]</td>
<td>three dozens</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>viis sada</td>
<td>[viis sada]</td>
<td>five hundreds</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kaheksa tuhat</td>
<td>[kaheksa tuhat]</td>
<td>eight thousands</td>
</tr>
</table>


==Using numbers in sentences==
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct numbers in Estonian:
<p>Now, let's see some examples of how to use numbers in sentences:</p>


<ul>
* Ma näen ________ kassi. (I see two cats.)
<li>Ma ostan kolm õuna. (I buy three apples.)</li>
* Seal on ________ õpikut. (There are five textbooks.)
<li>Meil on viis koera. (We have five dogs.)</li>
* Täna on minu ________ sünnipäev. (Today is my eighth birthday.)
<li>Mitu kassi sa omad? (How many cats do you have?)</li>
<li>Meie klassis on kaheksa õpilast. (There are eight students in our class.)</li>
</ul>


==Conclusion==
2. Translate the following numbers from English to Estonian:
<p>We hope this lesson has been useful to you in learning Estonian numbers and counting. Practice counting and using numbers in everyday situations to reinforce your learning. In the next lesson, we will learn about the Estonian vocabulary related to days, months, and seasons. Happy learning!</p>


* Fourteen
* Twenty-three
* Fifty-six
3. Write the following numbers in digits:
* Kolmkümmend kuus
* Üheksateist
== Solutions ==
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct numbers in Estonian:
* Ma näen kahte kassi.
* Seal on viis õpikut.
* Täna on minu kaheksas sünnipäev.
2. Translate the following numbers from English to Estonian:
* Nelikümmend
* Kakskümmend kolm
* Viiskümmend kuus
3. Write the following numbers in digits:
* 36
* 19
Congratulations on completing the exercises! You are making excellent progress in learning the Estonian numbers and counting system.
== Summary ==
In this lesson, we have explored the Estonian numbers and counting system. We started with the basic numbers and gradually progressed to larger numbers and counting patterns. Remember to practice regularly to improve your pronunciation and become more comfortable with numbers in Estonian.
We also discussed some cultural insights related to counting in Estonian, such as the tradition of counting birthdays and the use of specific counting patterns in nature-related contexts.
Keep up the good work, and continue practicing your Estonian skills in everyday situations. In the next lesson, we will delve into the vocabulary related to days, months, and seasons in Estonian.


<span link>Excellent job on conquering this lesson! Consider delving into these related pages: [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Work-and-employment|Work and employment]] & [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Animal|Animal]].</span>
{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Standard Estonian Vocabulary - Numbers and counting
|title=Standard Estonian Vocabulary → Introduction to Estonian vocabulary → Numbers and counting
|keywords=Estonian numbers, counting in Estonian, Estonian vocabulary, Estonian course, learn Estonian
|keywords=standard Estonian vocabulary, Estonian numbers, counting in Estonian, Estonian counting system, Estonian language, Estonian culture
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the Estonian numbers and how to count in Estonian. Check out this interesting lesson and discover a unique system of counting!
|description=Learn the Estonian numbers and how to count in Estonian. Explore the cultural insights related to counting in Estonian. Practice exercises and reinforce your understanding of Estonian numbers.
}}
}}
{{Standard-estonian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
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==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Family-and-friends|Family and friends]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Family-and-friends|Family and friends]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Weather|Weather]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Weather|Weather]]


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Revision as of 18:56, 20 June 2023


Estonia-Timeline-PolyglotClub.jpg
Standard Estonian → Vocabulary → 0 to A1 Course → Introduction to Estonian vocabulary → Numbers and counting

Introduction

In this lesson, we will explore the Estonian numbers and counting system. Numbers are an essential part of everyday life, and learning them is crucial for basic communication and understanding in any language. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently count and use numbers in Estonian.

The Estonian language has a unique counting system that differs from many other languages. It is a cardinal system, meaning that numbers are used to represent quantity or amount. Estonian numbers are relatively easy to learn, and once you understand the basics, you will be able to count to high numbers and use them in various situations.

This lesson is part of the "Complete 0 to A1 Standard Estonian Course," and it is specifically designed for complete beginners. We will start by introducing the basic numbers and gradually progress to more complex numbers and counting patterns.

Basic Numbers

We will begin by learning the basic numbers from one to ten in Estonian. Take your time to familiarize yourself with the pronunciation and spelling of each number. Practice saying them out loud to improve your pronunciation skills.

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English Translation
üks yks one
kaks kahks two
kolm kolm three
neli neli four
viis vees five
kuus kuus six
seitse seitse seven
kaheksa kaheksa eight
üheksa yheksa nine
kümme koom-meh ten

Once you have mastered the basic numbers, it is essential to understand how to form and pronounce larger numbers. In Estonian, larger numbers are constructed by combining the basic numbers.

Forming Larger Numbers

To form larger numbers in Estonian, you need to learn the number roots from eleven to nineteen and the multiples of ten. Let's take a look at the number roots first:

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English Translation
üksteist yk-stayst eleven
kaksteist kahk-stayst twelve
kolmteist kolm-tayst thirteen
neliteist nee-li-tayst fourteen
viisteist vees-tayst fifteen
kuusteist kuus-tayst sixteen
seitseteist sai-tseh-tayst seventeen
kaheksateist ka-hek-sah-tayst eighteen
üheksateist y-hek-sah-tayst nineteen

Now, let's move on to the multiples of ten:

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English Translation
kakskümmend kahk-koom-mehnd twenty
kolmkümmend kolm-koom-mehnd thirty
nelikümmend nee-li-koom-mehnd forty
viiskümmend vees-koom-mehnd fifty
kuuskümmend kuus-koom-mehnd sixty
seitsekümmend sai-tseh-koom-mehnd seventy
kaheksakümmend ka-hek-sah-koom-mehnd eighty
üheksakümmend y-hek-sah-koom-mehnd ninety

To form larger numbers, you simply combine the number roots and the multiples of ten. For example, to say "twenty-one" in Estonian, you would combine the word for twenty ("kakskümmend") with the number root for one ("üksteist"). The resulting word is "kakskümmend üks."

Let's practice forming larger numbers:

  • 37 - kolmkümmend seitse (kolm-koom-mehnd sai-tseh)
  • 66 - kuuskümmend kuus (kuus-koom-mehnd kuus)
  • 92 - üheksakümmend kaks (y-hek-sah-koom-mehnd kahks)

Remember to take your time and practice these numbers regularly to become more comfortable with them.

Counting Patterns

In Estonian, there are specific counting patterns that you need to be aware of when using numbers in different contexts. Let's explore some of the common counting patterns:

Singular Nouns

When counting singular nouns in Estonian, you need to use the basic form of the noun. Here are some examples:

  • üks raamat (one book)
  • kaks laud (two tables)
  • kolm auto (three cars)
  • neli maja (four houses)

Notice that the noun does not change form when counting singular items.

Plural Nouns

When counting plural nouns in Estonian, you need to use the genitive form of the noun. The genitive form indicates that there is more than one of the noun. Here are some examples:

  • viis raamatut (five books)
  • kuus lauda (six tables)
  • seitse autot (seven cars)
  • kaheksa maja (eight houses)

Notice that the noun changes form in the genitive case when counting plural items.

Ordinal Numbers

Estonian also has ordinal numbers, which are used to indicate the position or order of something. Ordinal numbers are formed by adding the suffix "-s" to the cardinal number. For example:

  • esimene (first)
  • teine (second)
  • kolmas (third)
  • neljas (fourth)

Fractions

To express fractions in Estonian, you use the cardinal number followed by the word "osa" (part) and the ordinal number. Here are some examples:

  • pool (half)
  • kolmveerand (three-quarters)
  • kolmandik (one-third)

Practice using these counting patterns to become more comfortable with numbers in Estonian.

Cultural Insights

Understanding the cultural context of counting in Estonian can provide valuable insights into the language and its speakers. Estonians have a rich cultural heritage, and numbers play a significant role in their traditions and customs.

One interesting cultural fact is that Estonians have a tradition of counting their birthdays differently. Instead of counting the number of years they have lived, Estonians count the number of birthdays they have celebrated. For example, if an Estonian person has celebrated ten birthdays, they would say they are "ten years old." This tradition reflects the importance of celebrating life and the passing of time in Estonian culture.

Estonia is also known for its love of nature and outdoor activities. When counting objects related to nature, such as trees, flowers, or animals, Estonians often use a specific counting pattern called "kollektiiv." This pattern involves using the genitive plural form of the noun and adding the number before it. For example, "kolm puud" means "three trees." This counting pattern emphasizes the connection between humans and nature in Estonian culture.

Exercises

Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of Estonian numbers and counting.

1. Fill in the blanks with the correct numbers in Estonian:

  • Ma näen ________ kassi. (I see two cats.)
  • Seal on ________ õpikut. (There are five textbooks.)
  • Täna on minu ________ sünnipäev. (Today is my eighth birthday.)

2. Translate the following numbers from English to Estonian:

  • Fourteen
  • Twenty-three
  • Fifty-six

3. Write the following numbers in digits:

  • Kolmkümmend kuus
  • Üheksateist

Solutions

1. Fill in the blanks with the correct numbers in Estonian:

  • Ma näen kahte kassi.
  • Seal on viis õpikut.
  • Täna on minu kaheksas sünnipäev.

2. Translate the following numbers from English to Estonian:

  • Nelikümmend
  • Kakskümmend kolm
  • Viiskümmend kuus

3. Write the following numbers in digits:

  • 36
  • 19

Congratulations on completing the exercises! You are making excellent progress in learning the Estonian numbers and counting system.

Summary

In this lesson, we have explored the Estonian numbers and counting system. We started with the basic numbers and gradually progressed to larger numbers and counting patterns. Remember to practice regularly to improve your pronunciation and become more comfortable with numbers in Estonian.

We also discussed some cultural insights related to counting in Estonian, such as the tradition of counting birthdays and the use of specific counting patterns in nature-related contexts.

Keep up the good work, and continue practicing your Estonian skills in everyday situations. In the next lesson, we will delve into the vocabulary related to days, months, and seasons in Estonian.

Table of Contents - Standard Estonian Course - 0 to A1


Introduction to Estonian


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Pronouns


Numbers and Time


Verbs and Tenses


Daily Activities


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Estonian Traditions


Travel and Transportation


Prepositions and Conjunctions


At Home and Work


Estonian History


Negation and Questions



Other Lessons



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