Difference between revisions of "Language/Finnish/Grammar/Subordinate-Clauses"

Latest revision as of 21:19, 18 June 2023

◀️ Conjunctions — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Family Members ▶️

Finnish → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Conjunctions and Subordinate Clauses → Subordinate Clauses

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will explore the topic of subordinate clauses in Finnish. Subordinate clauses are an essential part of the Finnish language and understanding how to form and use them will greatly enhance your ability to express complex ideas and thoughts. As we delve into this topic, we will learn about different types of subordinate clauses, their structure, and their usage in sentences. We will also explore some interesting cultural facts related to subordinate clauses in Finnish.

Conjunctions[edit | edit source]

Before we dive into the details of subordinate clauses, let's start by discussing conjunctions. Conjunctions are words that connect words, phrases, or clauses together. They play a crucial role in forming subordinate clauses, as they introduce the dependent clause in relation to the main clause. In Finnish, conjunctions are used to join two clauses and indicate the relationship between them.

Some common Finnish conjunctions include "että" (that), "koska" (because), "vaikka" (although), and "kun" (when). These conjunctions are used to introduce subordinate clauses and establish a cause and effect, contrast, condition, or time relationship between the clauses.

Let's take a look at some examples:

Finnish	Pronunciation	English
Hän sanoo, että hän rakastaa sinua.	Hän sanoo, että hän rakastaa sinua.	He says that he loves you.
Menen ulos, koska on aurinkoinen päivä.	Menen ulos, koska on aurinkoinen päivä.	I'm going out because it's a sunny day.
Vaikka satoi, menin ulos.	Vaikka satoi, menin ulos.	Although it was raining, I went out.
Soitan sinulle, kun saavun kotiin.	Soitan sinulle, kun saavun kotiin.	I will call you when I arrive home.

As you can see from the examples, the subordinate clauses introduced by the conjunctions "että," "koska," "vaikka," and "kun" provide additional information and context to the main clauses.

Subordinate Clauses[edit | edit source]

Now that we have an understanding of conjunctions, let's move on to subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses, also known as dependent clauses, are clauses that cannot stand alone as complete sentences. They rely on the main clause to convey a complete thought or idea.

In Finnish, subordinate clauses can be categorized into different types based on their function and structure. We will explore three main types of subordinate clauses: noun clauses, adverbial clauses, and relative clauses.

Noun Clauses[edit | edit source]

Noun clauses in Finnish function as nouns within a sentence. They can act as subjects, objects, or complements. These clauses are introduced by question words, such as "mitä" (what), "kuka" (who), "miksi" (why), or by the conjunction "että" (that).

Let's look at some examples:

Noun clause as a subject:

"Mikä sinua vaivaa?" (What is bothering you?)

Noun clause as an object:

"En tiedä, mitä hän sanoi." (I don't know what he said.)

Noun clause as a complement:

"Tavoitteenani on, että opin suomea." (My goal is that I learn Finnish.)

Adverbial Clauses[edit | edit source]

Adverbial clauses in Finnish function as adverbs within a sentence. They provide information about time, place, manner, condition, or reason. Adverbial clauses are introduced by conjunctions such as "kun" (when), "missä" (where), "miten" (how), "jos" (if), or "koska" (because).

Let's see some examples:

Adverbial clause of time:

"Menen nukkumaan, kun aurinko laskee." (I go to sleep when the sun sets.)

Adverbial clause of place:

"Pysähdyn, missä haluan." (I stop where I want.)

Adverbial clause of manner:

"Tanssin niin kuin kukaan ei katsoisi." (I dance as if no one is watching.)

Relative Clauses[edit | edit source]

Relative clauses in Finnish provide additional information about a noun or pronoun within a sentence. They are introduced by the relative pronouns "joka" (who/which) or "mikä" (which/that).

Let's take a look at some examples:

Relative clause with "joka":

"Tyttö, joka laulaa hyvin, voitti kilpailun." (The girl who sings well won the competition.)

Relative clause with "mikä":

"Kirja, mikä on pöydällä, on mielenkiintoinen." (The book which is on the table is interesting.)

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

In Finnish culture, the use of subordinate clauses is common and appreciated. Finns value precision and clarity in communication, and subordinate clauses help to convey complex ideas and thoughts effectively. The ability to use subordinate clauses correctly is considered a mark of linguistic proficiency in Finnish.

Historically, Finnish has been influenced by neighboring languages such as Swedish and Russian, which also use subordinate clauses extensively. This influence has contributed to the rich and nuanced use of subordinate clauses in Finnish.

Interesting fact: Finnish is known for its extensive noun case system, which also applies to subordinate clauses. The case of the noun in the main clause determines the case of the noun in the subordinate clause. This feature adds an additional layer of complexity to the formation of subordinate clauses in Finnish.

Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to practice what you've learned about subordinate clauses in Finnish. Complete the following exercises and check your answers below.

Exercise 1: Identify the type of subordinate clause Identify the type of subordinate clause in each sentence: noun clause, adverbial clause, or relative clause.

1. En tiedä, mitä sinä ajattelet. 2. Menen nukkumaan, kun kello on yhdeksän. 3. Poika, joka soittaa pianoa, on lahjakas. 4. Kerro minulle, miksi sinä itkit. 5. Ostan sen, jos sinä haluat.

Exercise 2: Complete the sentence with a subordinate clause Complete each sentence with an appropriate subordinate clause.

1. Minä menen nukkumaan, ____________. 2. Hän tulee kotiin, ____________. 3. Se on kirja, ____________. 4. En ymmärrä, ____________. 5. Hän kertoi minulle, ____________.

Solutions[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1: Identify the type of subordinate clause

1. Noun clause 2. Adverbial clause 3. Relative clause 4. Noun clause 5. Adverbial clause

Exercise 2: Complete the sentence with a subordinate clause

1. kun aurinko nousee. 2. kun hän saa työnsä valmiiksi. 3. mikä on kirjoitettu suomeksi. 4. miksi hän ei tullut tapaamiseen. 5. kun hän palaa matkalta.

Summary[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we explored subordinate clauses in Finnish. We learned about conjunctions and their role in introducing subordinate clauses. We also discussed different types of subordinate clauses, including noun clauses, adverbial clauses, and relative clauses. By understanding how to form and use subordinate clauses, you can enhance your ability to express complex ideas and thoughts in Finnish. Keep practicing and incorporating these structures into your language use, and you will soon become proficient in using subordinate clauses in Finnish.

Table of Contents - Finnish Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Introduction to Finnish

Greetings and Introductions

Nouns and Adjectives

Numbers and Time

Verbs and Tenses

Daily Activities

Questions and Negation

Food and Dining

Prepositions and Postpositions

Travel and Transportation

Finnish Culture and Traditions

Weather and Seasons

Conjunctions and Subordinate Clauses

Conjunctions
Subordinate Clauses

Family and Relationships

Finnish Literature and Music

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Conjunctions — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Family Members ▶️

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 <div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Finnish|Finnish]]  → [[Language/Finnish/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Finnish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Conjunctions and Subordinate Clauses → Subordinate Clauses</div>
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-As a Finnish language teacher for the past 20 years, I have noticed that one of the most challenging topics for my students is subordinate clauses. Understanding how to form and use subordinate clauses correctly is crucial for constructing sentences in Finnish.
+== Introduction ==
-In this lesson of the "Complete 0 to A1 Finnish Course", we will be learning about subordinate clauses. We will cover the basics of subordinate clauses, including their structure, types, and usage. By the end of the lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to use subordinate clauses in Finnish.
+In this lesson, we will explore the topic of subordinate clauses in Finnish. Subordinate clauses are an essential part of the Finnish language and understanding how to form and use them will greatly enhance your ability to express complex ideas and thoughts. As we delve into this topic, we will learn about different types of subordinate clauses, their structure, and their usage in sentences. We will also explore some interesting cultural facts related to subordinate clauses in Finnish.
+== Conjunctions ==
-<span link>Take a moment to explore these relevant pages as you conclude this lesson: [[Language/Finnish/Grammar/Finnish-Verbs:-Present-Tense|Finnish Verbs: Present Tense]] & [[Language/Finnish/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]].</span>
+Before we dive into the details of subordinate clauses, let's start by discussing conjunctions. Conjunctions are words that connect words, phrases, or clauses together. They play a crucial role in forming subordinate clauses, as they introduce the dependent clause in relation to the main clause. In Finnish, conjunctions are used to join two clauses and indicate the relationship between them.
-== What Are Subordinate Clauses? ==
-In Finnish, a subordinate clause (alalause) is a dependent clause that cannot stand alone as a sentence but must be connected to an independent clause. Subordinate clauses are used to provide additional information about a sentence's subject, verb, or object. For example:
+Some common Finnish conjunctions include "että" (that), "koska" (because), "vaikka" (although), and "kun" (when). These conjunctions are used to introduce subordinate clauses and establish a cause and effect, contrast, condition, or time relationship between the clauses.
-- Kun menen töihin, istun aina bussissa.
+Let's take a look at some examples:
-When I go to work, I always sit on the bus.
-In this sentence, "kun menen töihin" (when I go to work) is a subordinate clause that provides additional information about the time of the action.
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Finnish !! Pronunciation !! English
-Subordinate clauses can be classified into different types, depending on their function in a sentence. The most common types of subordinate clauses in Finnish are:
+|-
+| Hän sanoo, että hän rakastaa sinua. || Hän sanoo, että hän rakastaa sinua. || He says that he loves you.
+|-
+| Menen ulos, koska on aurinkoinen päivä. || Menen ulos, koska on aurinkoinen päivä. || I'm going out because it's a sunny day.
+|-
+| Vaikka satoi, menin ulos. || Vaikka satoi, menin ulos. || Although it was raining, I went out.
+|-
+| Soitan sinulle, kun saavun kotiin. || Soitan sinulle, kun saavun kotiin. || I will call you when I arrive home.
+|}
-- Adverbial clauses (adverbiaalilauseet)
+As you can see from the examples, the subordinate clauses introduced by the conjunctions "että," "koska," "vaikka," and "kun" provide additional information and context to the main clauses.
-- Relative clauses (relatiivilauseet)
-- Conditional clauses (ehtolauseet)
-- Concessive clauses (vastaavuuslauseet)
-- Causal clauses (syy-seurauslauseet)
-- Purpose clauses (tarkoituslauseet)
-- Result clauses (seurauksellisuuslauseet)
-In this lesson, we will focus on adverbial clauses, relative clauses, and conditional clauses, which are the most frequently used subordinate clauses in Finnish.
+== Subordinate Clauses ==
-== Adverbial Clauses ==
+Now that we have an understanding of conjunctions, let's move on to subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses, also known as dependent clauses, are clauses that cannot stand alone as complete sentences. They rely on the main clause to convey a complete thought or idea.
-Adverbial clauses (adverbiaalilauseet) are subordinate clauses that function as adverbs in a sentence. They describe when, where, why, or how an action takes place. Adverbial clauses are formed using conjunctions such as kun (when), koska (because), jotta (so that), and vaikka (although).
+In Finnish, subordinate clauses can be categorized into different types based on their function and structure. We will explore three main types of subordinate clauses: noun clauses, adverbial clauses, and relative clauses.
-Here are some examples of adverbial clauses in Finnish:
+=== Noun Clauses ===
-{| class="wikitable"
+Noun clauses in Finnish function as nouns within a sentence. They can act as subjects, objects, or complements. These clauses are introduced by question words, such as "mitä" (what), "kuka" (who), "miksi" (why), or by the conjunction "että" (that).
-! Finnish !! English
-|-
-| Kun menen töihin || When I go to work
-|-
-| Koska oli aurinkoista, menin ulos kävelylle || Because it was sunny, I went for a walk
-|-
-| Jotta voisin oppia suomea, luen paljon kirjoja || So that I can learn Finnish, I read a lot of books
-|-
-| Vaikka satoi, menin ulos || Although it was raining, I went out
-|}
-Again, note that the subordinate clause cannot stand alone as a sentence and is connected to an independent clause:
+Let's look at some examples:
-- Kun olin lapsi, asuin maalla.
+* Noun clause as a subject:
-When I was a child, I lived in the countryside.
+: "Mikä sinua vaivaa?" (What is bothering you?)
-In this sentence, "kun olin lapsi" (when I was a child) is an adverbial clause that describes a past event.
+* Noun clause as an object:
+: "En tiedä, mitä hän sanoi." (I don't know what he said.)
-Adverbial clauses can also be formed using participles (partisiipit) or infinitives (infinitiivit) to describe actions taking place at the same time or prior to those in the main clause. For example:
+* Noun clause as a complement:
+: "Tavoitteenani on, että opin suomea." (My goal is that I learn Finnish.)
-- Suuttuen hän lähti huoneesta.
+=== Adverbial Clauses ===
-Angrily, he left the room.
-In this sentence, "suuttuen" (angrily) is a participle form of the verb suuttua (to get angry).
+Adverbial clauses in Finnish function as adverbs within a sentence. They provide information about time, place, manner, condition, or reason. Adverbial clauses are introduced by conjunctions such as "kun" (when), "missä" (where), "miten" (how), "jos" (if), or "koska" (because).
-== Relative Clauses ==
+Let's see some examples:
-Relative clauses (relatiivilauseet) are subordinate clauses that provide additional information about a noun in the main clause. Relative clauses are formed using relative pronouns such as jotka (which), joka (who/which), and jonka (whose).
+* Adverbial clause of time:
+: "Menen nukkumaan, kun aurinko laskee." (I go to sleep when the sun sets.)
-Here are some examples of relative clauses in Finnish:
+* Adverbial clause of place:
+: "Pysähdyn, missä haluan." (I stop where I want.)
-- Tämä on mies, joka opettaa minulle suomea.
+* Adverbial clause of manner:
-This is the man who teaches me Finnish.
+: "Tanssin niin kuin kukaan ei katsoisi." (I dance as if no one is watching.)
-In this sentence, "joka opettaa minulle suomea" (who teaches me Finnish) is a relative clause that describes the man.
+=== Relative Clauses ===
-- Minulla on koira, jonka nimi on Kalle.
+Relative clauses in Finnish provide additional information about a noun or pronoun within a sentence. They are introduced by the relative pronouns "joka" (who/which) or "mikä" (which/that).
-I have a dog whose name is Kalle.
-In this sentence, "jonka nimi on Kalle" (whose name is Kalle) is a relative clause that describes the dog.
+Let's take a look at some examples:
-Relative clauses can be restrictive or non-restrictive. A restrictive relative clause provides essential information about the noun, while a non-restrictive relative clause provides additional, but not necessary, information. Non-restrictive relative clauses are set off by commas in Finnish.
+* Relative clause with "joka":
+: "Tyttö, joka laulaa hyvin, voitti kilpailun." (The girl who sings well won the competition.)
-Here's an example of a non-restrictive relative clause:
+* Relative clause with "mikä":
+: "Kirja, mikä on pöydällä, on mielenkiintoinen." (The book which is on the table is interesting.)
-- Suomi, joka on pohjoinen maa, on tunnettu talvisesta kauneudestaan.
+== Cultural Insights ==
-Finland, which is a northern country, is known for its winter beauty.
-In this sentence, "joka on pohjoinen maa" (which is a northern country) is a non-restrictive relative clause that provides additional information about Finland.
+In Finnish culture, the use of subordinate clauses is common and appreciated. Finns value precision and clarity in communication, and subordinate clauses help to convey complex ideas and thoughts effectively. The ability to use subordinate clauses correctly is considered a mark of linguistic proficiency in Finnish.
-== Conditional Clauses ==
+Historically, Finnish has been influenced by neighboring languages such as Swedish and Russian, which also use subordinate clauses extensively. This influence has contributed to the rich and nuanced use of subordinate clauses in Finnish.
-Conditional clauses (ehtolauseet) are subordinate clauses that express a condition that must be met for the main clause to occur. Conditional clauses are formed using conjunctions such as jos (if), kun (when), and ellei (unless).
+Interesting fact: Finnish is known for its extensive noun case system, which also applies to subordinate clauses. The case of the noun in the main clause determines the case of the noun in the subordinate clause. This feature adds an additional layer of complexity to the formation of subordinate clauses in Finnish.
-Here are some examples of conditional clauses in Finnish:
+== Exercises ==
-- Jos voitan lotossa, ostan uuden auton.
+Now it's time to practice what you've learned about subordinate clauses in Finnish. Complete the following exercises and check your answers below.
-If I win the lottery, I will buy a new car.
-In this sentence, "jos voitan lotossa" (if I win the lottery) expresses the condition for buying a new car.
+Exercise 1: Identify the type of subordinate clause
+Identify the type of subordinate clause in each sentence: noun clause, adverbial clause, or relative clause.
-- Ellei huomenna sada, menen ulos kävelylle.
+. En tiedä, mitä sinä ajattelet.
-Unless it rains tomorrow, I will go for a walk.
+. Menen nukkumaan, kun kello on yhdeksän.
+. Poika, joka soittaa pianoa, on lahjakas.
+. Kerro minulle, miksi sinä itkit.
+. Ostan sen, jos sinä haluat.
-In this sentence, "ellei huomenna sada" (unless it rains tomorrow) expresses the condition for going for a walk.
+Exercise 2: Complete the sentence with a subordinate clause
+Complete each sentence with an appropriate subordinate clause.
-Note that the word order in conditional clauses is the opposite of an affirmative sentence:
+. Minä menen nukkumaan, ____________.
+. Hän tulee kotiin, ____________.
+. Se on kirja, ____________.
+. En ymmärrä, ____________.
+. Hän kertoi minulle, ____________.
-- Jos menen ulos, näen ystäväni.
+== Solutions ==
-If I go out, I will see my friend.
-In this sentence, "jos menen ulos" (if I go out) is a conditional clause that expresses the condition for seeing the friend.
+Exercise 1: Identify the type of subordinate clause
-== Conclusion ==
+. Noun clause
+. Adverbial clause
+. Relative clause
+. Noun clause
+. Adverbial clause
-In this lesson, we have covered the basics of subordinate clauses, including their structure, types, and usage in Finnish. We have learned that subordinate clauses are dependent clauses that cannot stand alone as a sentence and must be connected to an independent clause. The most common types of subordinate clauses in Finnish are adverbial clauses, relative clauses, and conditional clauses. Each type of subordinate clause provides additional information about a sentence's subject, verb, or object in different ways.
+Exercise 2: Complete the sentence with a subordinate clause
-As you continue to practice forming and using subordinate clauses, you will gain a better understanding of how to construct sentences in Finnish. Keep in mind that the correct use of subordinate clauses is essential to conveying precise and clear messages in Finnish.
+. kun aurinko nousee.
+. kun hän saa työnsä valmiiksi.
+. mikä on kirjoitettu suomeksi.
+. miksi hän ei tullut tapaamiseen.
+. kun hän palaa matkalta.
-Remember to practice forming and using subordinate clauses in your writing and speaking!
+== Summary ==
+In this lesson, we explored subordinate clauses in Finnish. We learned about conjunctions and their role in introducing subordinate clauses. We also discussed different types of subordinate clauses, including noun clauses, adverbial clauses, and relative clauses. By understanding how to form and use subordinate clauses, you can enhance your ability to express complex ideas and thoughts in Finnish. Keep practicing and incorporating these structures into your language use, and you will soon become proficient in using subordinate clauses in Finnish.
-<span link>Great work on completing this lesson! Take a moment to investigate these connected pages: [[Language/Finnish/Grammar/Finnish-Cases|Finnish Cases]] & [[Language/Finnish/Grammar/Negation|Negation]].</span>
 {{#seo:
-|title=Finnish Grammar: Conjunctions and Subordinate Clauses - Subordinate Clauses
+|title=Finnish Grammar → Conjunctions and Subordinate Clauses → Subordinate Clauses
-|keywords=Finnish subordinate clauses, adverbial clauses in Finnish, relative clauses in Finnish, Finnish conditional clauses
+|keywords=Finnish grammar, subordinate clauses, Finnish conjunctions, noun clauses, adverbial clauses, relative clauses, Finnish language
-|description=Learn all about subordinate clauses in Finnish, including adverbial, relative, and conditional clauses, their structures, types, and usage in sentences. }}
+|description=Learn about subordinate clauses in Finnish, including how to form and use them in sentences. Explore the cultural significance of subordinate clauses in Finnish communication.
+}}
 {{Finnish-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
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+==Sources==
+* [https://uusikielemme.fi/finnish-grammar/syntax/sentence-types/sivulause-finnish-sentence-types-subordinate-clauses Sivulause - Finnish Sentence Types: Subordinate Clauses - Uusi ...]
+* [https://uusikielemme.fi/finnish-grammar/syntax/constructions/etta-in-finnish-that-in-subordinate-clauses-and-other-situations Että in Finnish - "That" - Subordinate Clauses and More - Uusi ...]
 ==Other Lessons==
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 * [[Language/Finnish/Grammar/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation|Alphabet and Pronunciation]]
-<span class='maj'></span>
-==Sources==
-* [https://uusikielemme.fi/finnish-grammar/syntax/sentence-types/sivulause-finnish-sentence-types-subordinate-clauses Sivulause - Finnish Sentence Types: Subordinate Clauses - Uusi ...]
-* [https://uusikielemme.fi/finnish-grammar/syntax/constructions/etta-in-finnish-that-in-subordinate-clauses-and-other-situations Että in Finnish - "That" - Subordinate Clauses and More - Uusi ...]
 {{Finnish-Page-Bottom}}
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