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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Dutch|Dutch]]  → [[Language/Dutch/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Dutch/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Adjectives and Adverbs → Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs</div>


__TOC__


== Introduction ==


<div class="pg_page_title">Dutch Grammar → Adjectives and Adverbs → Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs</div>
Welcome to another exciting Dutch grammar lesson! In this lesson, we will explore the world of adjectives and adverbs and specifically focus on the comparison of these words. Adjectives and adverbs play a crucial role in describing and modifying nouns and verbs, and being able to compare them accurately is essential for effective communication in Dutch. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of the comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs, and you will be able to use them confidently in your conversations. So, let's dive in and explore the fascinating world of Dutch grammar!


__TOC__
== Comparative Forms of Adjectives ==


As a Dutch language teacher with over 20 years of experience, I am excited to teach you about the comparison of adjectives and adverbs in Dutch. Understanding this grammar concept will allow you to describe nouns and verbs more accurately, as well as add more complexity to your sentences. Let's get started!
=== The Comparative Form ===


== Comparative Forms ==
When we want to compare two things in Dutch, we use the comparative form of adjectives. To form the comparative, we usually add "er" to the end of the adjective. Let's look at some examples:


Comparative forms are used to compare two things, people or actions. In Dutch, adjectives and adverbs have two comparative forms:
{| class="wikitable"
! Dutch !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| groot || [ɣrot] || big
|-
| groter || [ɣroːtər] || bigger
|-
| klein || [klɛi̯n] || small
|-
| kleiner || [klɛi̯nər] || smaller
|-
| duur || [dyːr] || expensive
|-
| duurder || [dyːrdər] || more expensive
|}


* Comparative form 1: "meer" + [adjective/adverb]
In the examples above, we can see that the adjectives "groot" (big), "klein" (small), and "duur" (expensive) have all formed their comparative by adding "er" to the end. However, some adjectives undergo a spelling change before adding "er." Let's look at a few examples:
* Comparative form 2: [adjective/adverb] + "-er" + "dan"


Let's see some examples:
{| class="wikitable"
! Dutch !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| goed || [ɣut] || good
|-
| beter || [beːtər] || better
|-
| slecht || [slɛxt] || bad
|-
| slechter || [slɛxtər] || worse
|-
| groot || [ɣrot] || big
|-
| groter || [ɣroːtər] || bigger
|}
 
In the examples above, we can see that the adjectives "goed" (good) and "slecht" (bad) undergo a spelling change before adding "er." This is a common pattern in Dutch, and it's important to be aware of these spelling changes to use the comparative form correctly.
 
=== The Superlative Form ===
 
The superlative form of adjectives is used to compare three or more things. To form the superlative, we usually add "st" to the end of the adjective. Let's look at some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Dutch !! Pronunciation !! English
! Dutch !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| snel || snɛl || fast
| groot || [ɣrot] || big
|-
|-
| sneller || 'snɛlər || faster
| grootst || [ɣroːtst] || biggest
|-
|-
| meer snel || me:r snɛl || more fast
| klein || [klɛi̯n] || small
|-
|-
| groot || ɣrot || big
| kleinst || [klɛi̯nst] || smallest
|-
|-
| groter || 'ɣrotər || bigger
| duur || [dyːr] || expensive
|-
|-
| meer groot || me:r ɣrot || more big
| duurst || [dyːrst] || most expensive
|}
|}


As you can see, when using the first comparative form, we add "meer" before the adjective or adverb. For example, "meer snel" means "more fast". The second comparative form is formed by adding "-er" at the end of the adjective or adverb, followed by "dan", which means "than". For example, "snel" becomes "sneller", meaning "faster", and "sneller dan" means "faster than".
In the examples above, we can see that the adjectives "groot" (big), "klein" (small), and "duur" (expensive) have all formed their superlative by adding "st" to the end. Similar to the comparative form, some adjectives undergo a spelling change before adding "st." Let's look at a few examples:


== Superlative Forms ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Dutch !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| goed || [ɣut] || good
|-
| best || [bɛst] || best
|-
| slecht || [slɛxt] || bad
|-
| slechtst || [slɛxtst] || worst
|-
| groot || [ɣrot] || big
|-
| grootst || [ɣroːtst] || biggest
|}


Superlative forms are used to compare three or more things, people or actions. In Dutch, adjectives and adverbs have two superlative forms:
In the examples above, we can see that the adjectives "goed" (good) and "slecht" (bad) undergo a spelling change before adding "st" to form the superlative.


* Superlative form 1: "meest" + [adjective/adverb]
== Comparative Forms of Adverbs ==
* Superlative form 2: [adjective/adverb] + "-st" + "e"


Let's see some examples:
=== The Comparative Form ===
 
Just like adjectives, adverbs also have comparative forms to indicate a higher degree of a quality or action. To form the comparative of adverbs, we usually add "er" to the end. Let's look at some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Dutch !! Pronunciation !! English
! Dutch !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| snel || snɛl || fast
| snel || [snɛl] || fast
|-
|-
| snelst || 'snɛlst || fastest
| sneller || [snɛlər] || faster
|-
|-
| meest snel || mest snɛl || most fast
| langzaam || [lɑŋzaːm] || slow
|-
|-
| groot || ɣrot || big
| langzamer || [lɑŋzaːmər] || slower
|-
|-
| grootst || 'ɣrotst || biggest
| goed || [ɣut] || well
|-
|-
| meest groot || mest ɣrot || most big
| beter || [beːtər] || better
|}
|}


Here, you can see that the first superlative form is formed by adding "meest" before the adjective or adverb. For example, "meest snel" means "most fast". The second superlative form is formed by adding "-st" at the end of the adjective or adverb, followed by "e", which means "the". For example, "snel" becomes "snelst", meaning "fastest", and "de snelst" means "the fastest".
In the examples above, we can see that the adverbs "snel" (fast), "langzaam" (slow), and "goed" (well) have all formed their comparative by adding "er" to the end. Similarly, some adverbs undergo a spelling change before adding "er." Let's look at a few examples:


== Irregular Forms ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Dutch !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| veel || [veːl] || much
|-
| meer || [meːr] || more
|-
| weinig || [wɛiniɣ] || little
|-
| minder || [mɪndər] || less
|-
| graag || [ɣraːx] || gladly
|-
| liever || [liːvər] || rather
|}
 
In the examples above, we can see that the adverbs "veel" (much), "weinig" (little), and "graag" (gladly) undergo a spelling change before adding "er" to form the comparative.
 
=== The Superlative Form ===
 
The superlative form of adverbs is used to compare three or more things. To form the superlative, we usually add "st" to the end of the adverb. Let's look at some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Dutch !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| snel || [snɛl] || fast
|-
| snelst || [snɛlst] || fastest
|-
| langzaam || [lɑŋzaːm] || slow
|-
| langzaamst || [lɑŋzaːmst] || slowest
|-
| goed || [ɣut] || well
|-
| best || [bɛst] || best
|}


Like English, Dutch also has some irregular forms of comparatives and superlatives. These include:
In the examples above, we can see that the adverbs "snel" (fast), "langzaam" (slow), and "goed" (well) have all formed their superlative by adding "st" to the end. Similarly, some adverbs undergo a spelling change before adding "st." Let's look at a few examples:


* goed (good) → beter (better) → best (best)
{| class="wikitable"
* veel (much/many) → meer (more) → meest (most)
! Dutch !! Pronunciation !! English
* graag (like/would like) → liever (prefer) → liefst (preferably)
|-
| veel || [veːl] || much
|-
| meest || [meːst] || most
|-
| weinig || [wɛiniɣ] || little
|-
| minst || [mɪnst] || least
|-
| graag || [ɣraːx] || gladly
|-
| liefst || [lifst] || most gladly
|}


== Placement of Adjectives and Adverbs ==
In the examples above, we can see that the adverbs "veel" (much), "weinig" (little), and "graag" (gladly) undergo a spelling change before adding "st" to form the superlative.


In Dutch, adjectives usually come before the noun, while adverbs come after the verb. However, when using the comparative and superlative forms, the adjective or adverb comes before "meer" or "meest", and after "-er" or "-st".
== Cultural Insights ==


For example:
In Dutch culture, there is a strong emphasis on equality and not drawing attention to oneself. This cultural value is reflected in the use of comparative and superlative forms. Dutch speakers often use the comparative and superlative sparingly, preferring to express degrees of comparison through other means such as using adverbs or adding modifiers like "een beetje" (a little) or "heel" (very). For example, instead of saying "I am the tallest," a Dutch speaker might say "I am very tall." This cultural preference for understatement can be seen in various aspects of Dutch society, including language usage.


* "De grotere boom" (The bigger tree), "het grootste huis" (The biggest house)
Another interesting cultural aspect related to the comparison of adjectives and adverbs is the concept of "gezelligheid." Gezelligheid is a uniquely Dutch term that encompasses a cozy, warm, and comfortable feeling. It is often used to describe social gatherings, homes, or atmospheres. While there is no direct translation in English, understanding the concept of gezelligheid can provide valuable cultural insights when using adjectives and adverbs in Dutch conversations.
* "Meer snelheid" (More speed), "de snelste auto" (The fastest car)


== Practice Exercises ==
== Practice Exercises ==


Now that we have learned about comparatives and superlatives in Dutch, let's practice a little bit! Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the given adjective or adverb:
Now that we have learned about the comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs, let's put our knowledge into practice. Complete the following exercises by choosing the correct form of the adjective or adverb in parentheses.


1. Dit huis is __ (klein) dan ons oude huis.
1. Amsterdam is (druk) _______ city in the Netherlands.
2. Marjan is __ (mooi) dan al haar vriendinnen.
2. This book is (interessant) _______ than the one I read before.
3. Mijn computer is __ (snel) dan die van mijn vriend.
3. My sister is (jong) _______ than me.
4. Gisteren was het __ (warm) dan vandaag.
4. The concert was (fantastisch) _______ than I expected.
5. Hij is __ (grappig) dan zijn broer.
5. We drove (snel) _______ than the speed limit.
6. The weather is (mooi) _______ today compared to yesterday.
7. She speaks Dutch (vloeiend) _______ than her brother.
8. The movie was (eng) _______ than I thought it would be.
9. This restaurant is (duur) _______ than the one we went to last week.
10. He runs (snel) _______ than anyone else in the team.


Answers:
=== Solutions ===


1. kleiner
1. Amsterdam is de drukste stad in the Netherlands.
2. mooier
2. This book is interessanter than the one I read before.
3. sneller
3. My sister is jonger than me.
4. warmer
4. The concert was fantastischer than I expected.
5. grappiger
5. We drove sneller than the speed limit.
6. The weather is mooier today compared to yesterday.
7. She speaks Dutch vloeiender than her brother.
8. The movie was enger than I thought it would be.
9. This restaurant is duurder than the one we went to last week.
10. He runs sneller than anyone else in the team.


== Conclusion ==
== Summary ==


Congratulations! You now know how to use comparative and superlative forms of Dutch adjectives and adverbs. Keep practicing, and don't be afraid to make mistakes. Remember, learning a new language takes time and effort, but it can also be a lot of fun!
In this comprehensive lesson, we have explored the comparison of adjectives and adverbs in Dutch. We have learned how to form the comparative and superlative forms of these words and have practiced using them in sentences. Additionally, we have gained cultural insights into the Dutch language and its unique expressions. By mastering the comparison of adjectives and adverbs, you are now equipped to express degrees of comparison accurately and confidently in Dutch. Keep practicing and exploring the rich world of Dutch grammar, and soon you will be speaking like a native!
 
== Sources ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_grammar Dutch grammar]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_(grammar) Comparison grammar]


{{#seo:
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|title=Dutch Grammar → Adjectives and Adverbs → Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs
|keywords=Dutch grammar, Dutch language, Comparison of Adje
|keywords=Dutch grammar, adjectives, adverbs, comparison, comparative, superlative, cultural insights, Dutch culture
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use the comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs in Dutch. You will also gain cultural insights into the Dutch language and its unique expressions.
}}


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==Related Lessons==
 
==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_grammar Dutch grammar - Wikipedia]
* [https://languageadvisor.net/dutch-adjectives-adverbs-and-comparison/ Dutch Adjectives, adverbs and comparison with grammar ...]
* [https://www.lingq.com/en/grammar-resource/dutch/adjectives/ The LingQ Dutch Grammar Guide - Adjectives]
 
 
 
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Dutch/Grammar/Interrogative-words-in-Dutch|Interrogative words in Dutch]]
* [[Language/Dutch/Grammar/Interrogative-words-in-Dutch|Interrogative words in Dutch]]
* [[Language/Dutch/Grammar/How-to-use-“to-speak”-in-Dutch|How to use “to speak” in Dutch]]
* [[Language/Dutch/Grammar/How-to-use-“to-speak”-in-Dutch|How to use “to speak” in Dutch]]
Line 129: Line 252:
* [[Language/Dutch/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Dutch/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Dutch/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]
* [[Language/Dutch/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]


{{Dutch-Page-Bottom}}
{{Dutch-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Dutch/Grammar/Modal-Verbs|◀️ Modal Verbs — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Dutch/Grammar/Order-of-Adjectives-and-Adverbs|Next Lesson — Order of Adjectives and Adverbs ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 02:49, 18 June 2023

◀️ Modal Verbs — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Order of Adjectives and Adverbs ▶️

Dutch-flag-polyglotclub.png
Dutch → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Adjectives and Adverbs → Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Welcome to another exciting Dutch grammar lesson! In this lesson, we will explore the world of adjectives and adverbs and specifically focus on the comparison of these words. Adjectives and adverbs play a crucial role in describing and modifying nouns and verbs, and being able to compare them accurately is essential for effective communication in Dutch. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of the comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs, and you will be able to use them confidently in your conversations. So, let's dive in and explore the fascinating world of Dutch grammar!

Comparative Forms of Adjectives[edit | edit source]

The Comparative Form[edit | edit source]

When we want to compare two things in Dutch, we use the comparative form of adjectives. To form the comparative, we usually add "er" to the end of the adjective. Let's look at some examples:

Dutch Pronunciation English
groot [ɣrot] big
groter [ɣroːtər] bigger
klein [klɛi̯n] small
kleiner [klɛi̯nər] smaller
duur [dyːr] expensive
duurder [dyːrdər] more expensive

In the examples above, we can see that the adjectives "groot" (big), "klein" (small), and "duur" (expensive) have all formed their comparative by adding "er" to the end. However, some adjectives undergo a spelling change before adding "er." Let's look at a few examples:

Dutch Pronunciation English
goed [ɣut] good
beter [beːtər] better
slecht [slɛxt] bad
slechter [slɛxtər] worse
groot [ɣrot] big
groter [ɣroːtər] bigger

In the examples above, we can see that the adjectives "goed" (good) and "slecht" (bad) undergo a spelling change before adding "er." This is a common pattern in Dutch, and it's important to be aware of these spelling changes to use the comparative form correctly.

The Superlative Form[edit | edit source]

The superlative form of adjectives is used to compare three or more things. To form the superlative, we usually add "st" to the end of the adjective. Let's look at some examples:

Dutch Pronunciation English
groot [ɣrot] big
grootst [ɣroːtst] biggest
klein [klɛi̯n] small
kleinst [klɛi̯nst] smallest
duur [dyːr] expensive
duurst [dyːrst] most expensive

In the examples above, we can see that the adjectives "groot" (big), "klein" (small), and "duur" (expensive) have all formed their superlative by adding "st" to the end. Similar to the comparative form, some adjectives undergo a spelling change before adding "st." Let's look at a few examples:

Dutch Pronunciation English
goed [ɣut] good
best [bɛst] best
slecht [slɛxt] bad
slechtst [slɛxtst] worst
groot [ɣrot] big
grootst [ɣroːtst] biggest

In the examples above, we can see that the adjectives "goed" (good) and "slecht" (bad) undergo a spelling change before adding "st" to form the superlative.

Comparative Forms of Adverbs[edit | edit source]

The Comparative Form[edit | edit source]

Just like adjectives, adverbs also have comparative forms to indicate a higher degree of a quality or action. To form the comparative of adverbs, we usually add "er" to the end. Let's look at some examples:

Dutch Pronunciation English
snel [snɛl] fast
sneller [snɛlər] faster
langzaam [lɑŋzaːm] slow
langzamer [lɑŋzaːmər] slower
goed [ɣut] well
beter [beːtər] better

In the examples above, we can see that the adverbs "snel" (fast), "langzaam" (slow), and "goed" (well) have all formed their comparative by adding "er" to the end. Similarly, some adverbs undergo a spelling change before adding "er." Let's look at a few examples:

Dutch Pronunciation English
veel [veːl] much
meer [meːr] more
weinig [wɛiniɣ] little
minder [mɪndər] less
graag [ɣraːx] gladly
liever [liːvər] rather

In the examples above, we can see that the adverbs "veel" (much), "weinig" (little), and "graag" (gladly) undergo a spelling change before adding "er" to form the comparative.

The Superlative Form[edit | edit source]

The superlative form of adverbs is used to compare three or more things. To form the superlative, we usually add "st" to the end of the adverb. Let's look at some examples:

Dutch Pronunciation English
snel [snɛl] fast
snelst [snɛlst] fastest
langzaam [lɑŋzaːm] slow
langzaamst [lɑŋzaːmst] slowest
goed [ɣut] well
best [bɛst] best

In the examples above, we can see that the adverbs "snel" (fast), "langzaam" (slow), and "goed" (well) have all formed their superlative by adding "st" to the end. Similarly, some adverbs undergo a spelling change before adding "st." Let's look at a few examples:

Dutch Pronunciation English
veel [veːl] much
meest [meːst] most
weinig [wɛiniɣ] little
minst [mɪnst] least
graag [ɣraːx] gladly
liefst [lifst] most gladly

In the examples above, we can see that the adverbs "veel" (much), "weinig" (little), and "graag" (gladly) undergo a spelling change before adding "st" to form the superlative.

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

In Dutch culture, there is a strong emphasis on equality and not drawing attention to oneself. This cultural value is reflected in the use of comparative and superlative forms. Dutch speakers often use the comparative and superlative sparingly, preferring to express degrees of comparison through other means such as using adverbs or adding modifiers like "een beetje" (a little) or "heel" (very). For example, instead of saying "I am the tallest," a Dutch speaker might say "I am very tall." This cultural preference for understatement can be seen in various aspects of Dutch society, including language usage.

Another interesting cultural aspect related to the comparison of adjectives and adverbs is the concept of "gezelligheid." Gezelligheid is a uniquely Dutch term that encompasses a cozy, warm, and comfortable feeling. It is often used to describe social gatherings, homes, or atmospheres. While there is no direct translation in English, understanding the concept of gezelligheid can provide valuable cultural insights when using adjectives and adverbs in Dutch conversations.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that we have learned about the comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs, let's put our knowledge into practice. Complete the following exercises by choosing the correct form of the adjective or adverb in parentheses.

1. Amsterdam is (druk) _______ city in the Netherlands. 2. This book is (interessant) _______ than the one I read before. 3. My sister is (jong) _______ than me. 4. The concert was (fantastisch) _______ than I expected. 5. We drove (snel) _______ than the speed limit. 6. The weather is (mooi) _______ today compared to yesterday. 7. She speaks Dutch (vloeiend) _______ than her brother. 8. The movie was (eng) _______ than I thought it would be. 9. This restaurant is (duur) _______ than the one we went to last week. 10. He runs (snel) _______ than anyone else in the team.

Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. Amsterdam is de drukste stad in the Netherlands. 2. This book is interessanter than the one I read before. 3. My sister is jonger than me. 4. The concert was fantastischer than I expected. 5. We drove sneller than the speed limit. 6. The weather is mooier today compared to yesterday. 7. She speaks Dutch vloeiender than her brother. 8. The movie was enger than I thought it would be. 9. This restaurant is duurder than the one we went to last week. 10. He runs sneller than anyone else in the team.

Summary[edit | edit source]

In this comprehensive lesson, we have explored the comparison of adjectives and adverbs in Dutch. We have learned how to form the comparative and superlative forms of these words and have practiced using them in sentences. Additionally, we have gained cultural insights into the Dutch language and its unique expressions. By mastering the comparison of adjectives and adverbs, you are now equipped to express degrees of comparison accurately and confidently in Dutch. Keep practicing and exploring the rich world of Dutch grammar, and soon you will be speaking like a native!

Table of Contents - Dutch Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Alphabet and Pronunciation


Nouns and Articles


Verbs and Conjugation


Adjectives and Adverbs


Prepositions and Pronouns


Family


Food and Drinks


Travel


Work and Jobs


The Netherlands


Dutch Customs


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Modal Verbs — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Order of Adjectives and Adverbs ▶️

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