Difference between revisions of "Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Active-and-passive-verbs"

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== Φωνές ρημάτων ( Voix des verbes ) ==
<div style="font-size:250%;">Φωνές ρημάτων (Voice of verbs)</div>
{| class="wikitable"
|Le verbe grec compte deux voix : l’active et la passive et il se forme au première personne de l’indicatif présent du singulier, dans les deux voix.
La '''voix active''', quand le sujet fait l'action exprimée par le verbe et la '''voix passive''', quand le sujet subit l'action.


La '''''voix moyenne''''', (correspondant partiellement à la voix réfléchie du français), quand le sujet est directement intéressé à l'action,
The Greek verb has two voices: the active and the passive, and it is formed in the first person of the present singular sign, in both voices.


n'existe que dans l'ancien grammaire. Néanmoins, elle est remplacée par la '''voix passive'''.
The active voice, when the subject makes the action expressed by the verb and the passive voice, when the subject undergoes the action.


Il convient de distinguer que tous les verbes ne se présentent  toujours en deux formes : l’active ou la passive. 
The average voice, (partially corresponding to the reflected voice of French), when the subject is directly interested in the action,


CAD qu'il y a des verbes posséder les deux voix ou d'autres qui ont UNE de deux voix :active sans passive et vice-versa.
exists only in the old grammar. Nevertheless, it is replaced by the passive voice.
|-
| '''Ενεργητική φωνή ( voix active )'''
|-
|Les verbes peuvent se terminer en "-ω", "-ω" ou "-ώ" (oméga accentué )
Un verbe est à la voix active si son sujet est actif, c'est-à-dire s'il fait l'action .


Par ex. : παίζω, αγαπάω, μπορώ κλπ. Στα ρήματα της ενεργητικής φωνής, όταν ακούμε τον ήχο «ε» γράφουμε '''ΠΑΝΤΑ''' «–'''ε'''» (έψιλον).
It should be understood that not all verbs always come in two forms: active or passive.


Dans les verbes de la voix active, lorsque nous entendons le son "ε ", nous écrivons '''TOUJOURS''' "- '''ε''' "  ( épsilon ).  
CAD that there are verbs possessing both voices or others that have one of two voices: active without passive and vice versa.


Π.χ. φύγε ( va), ελάτε ( venez ), παίζατε (vous jouaient) , θα διαβάσουμε ( nous lirons ) κλπ.
==Ενεργητική φωνή (active voice)==
|-
Verbs can end in "-ω", "-ω" or "-ώ" (omega accented)
|'''Παθητική φωνή (voix passive )'''
|-
|Les verbes à la voix passive, dans le présent, se terminent généralement par «–μαι».
Ils peuvent se terminer : En «–ομαι», «–ιέμαι», «–άμαι» et plus rarement en «–ούμαι» ή «–ώμαι».


Par exemple : '''σκέφτομαι ( penser ), κρατιέμαι ( se tenir ) ,περιποιούμαι ( soigner ) εγγυώμαι (se garantir).'''
A verb is in the active voice if its subject is active, that is to say if it does the action.


<nowiki>**</nowiki>Le verbe : κοιμάμαι ( dormir ) possède à la forme moyenne, laquelle n'existe plus grammaticale.
Eg. : παίζω, αγαπάω, μπορώ κλπ. Στα ρήματα της ενεργητικής φωνής, όταν ακούμε τον ήχο "ε" γράφουμε ΠΑΝΤΑ "-ε" (έψιλον).


Nous disons alors que le verbe " κοιμάμαι " est à la forme passive.
In the verbs of the active voice, when we hear the sound "ε", we ALWAYS write "- ε" (epsilon).


<nowiki>**</nowiki> «  je me lave ou je suis lavé »
Π.χ. φύγε (va), ελάτε (come), παίζατε (you were playing), θα διαβάσουμε (we'll read) κλπ.


Je me lave : première personne du singulier du verbe : « πλένομαι » à la voix passive.
==Παθητική φωνή (passive voice)==
Passive voice verbs, in the present, usually end with "-μαι".


« je suis lavé » : participe présent à la forme passive du verbe « πλένομαι = se laver »
They can end: In "-ομαι", "-ιέμαι", "-άμαι" and more rarely in "-ούμαι" ή "-ώμαι".
|-
|**« - ιεμαι et  –ουμε «  - ιεμαι : terminaison de première personne à l’indicatif présent et à la forme moyenne, 
laquelle n’existe plus.


Alors, terminaison de première personne à l’indicatif présent et à la forme PASSIVE
For example: σκέφτομαι (to think), κρατιέμαι (to hold oneself), περιποιούμαι (to heal) εγγυώμαι (to guarantee oneself).
|-
 
|'''Avertissement'''
** The verb: κοιμάμαι (to sleep) has the average form, which no longer exists grammatically.
|-
 
|Ne vous trompez pas la première personne du pluriel de la forme active , avec la première personne de la forme passive 
We say then that the verb "κοιμάμαι" is in the passive form.
|-
 
|'''–ουμε''' : première personne au pluriel du verbe :... n’importe qui : par ex. : Μπορού-'''με''' , κάνου-'''με''', διορθώνου-'''με''' …
** "I wash or I am washed"
|-
 
|'''MAIS'''
I am washing: first-person singular of verb: "πλένομαι" with a passive voice.
|-
 
|Σκέφτο-'''μαι''', κρατιέ-'''μαι''', κοιμά-'''μαι'''… L'orthographe de la terminaison vous aide à distinguer.
"I am washed": present participle in the passive form of the verb "πλένομαι = to wash"
|}
 
** «- ιεμαι and -ουμε« - ιεμαι: first person ending in the present indicative and in the average form, which does not exist anymore.
 
So, first-person ending to the present indicative and to the PASSIVE form
 
Warning
Do not fool the first person plural form active, with the first person of the passive form
 
-Ουμε: first person plural of verb: ... anyone: eg. : Μπορού-με, κάνου-με, διορθώνου-με ...
 
BUT
 
L'κέφτο-μαι, κρατιέ-μαι, κοιμά-μαι ... The spelling of the ending helps you to distinguish.

Revision as of 16:49, 13 November 2018

B1c689d891fe5a47645b0f3b80e65081 (1).jpg
Φωνές ρημάτων (Voice of verbs)

The Greek verb has two voices: the active and the passive, and it is formed in the first person of the present singular sign, in both voices.

The active voice, when the subject makes the action expressed by the verb and the passive voice, when the subject undergoes the action.

The average voice, (partially corresponding to the reflected voice of French), when the subject is directly interested in the action,

exists only in the old grammar. Nevertheless, it is replaced by the passive voice.

It should be understood that not all verbs always come in two forms: active or passive.

CAD that there are verbs possessing both voices or others that have one of two voices: active without passive and vice versa.

Ενεργητική φωνή (active voice)

Verbs can end in "-ω", "-ω" or "-ώ" (omega accented)

A verb is in the active voice if its subject is active, that is to say if it does the action.

Eg. : παίζω, αγαπάω, μπορώ κλπ. Στα ρήματα της ενεργητικής φωνής, όταν ακούμε τον ήχο "ε" γράφουμε ΠΑΝΤΑ "-ε" (έψιλον).

In the verbs of the active voice, when we hear the sound "ε", we ALWAYS write "- ε" (epsilon).

Π.χ. φύγε (va), ελάτε (come), παίζατε (you were playing), θα διαβάσουμε (we'll read) κλπ.

Παθητική φωνή (passive voice)

Passive voice verbs, in the present, usually end with "-μαι".

They can end: In "-ομαι", "-ιέμαι", "-άμαι" and more rarely in "-ούμαι" ή "-ώμαι".

For example: σκέφτομαι (to think), κρατιέμαι (to hold oneself), περιποιούμαι (to heal) εγγυώμαι (to guarantee oneself).

    • The verb: κοιμάμαι (to sleep) has the average form, which no longer exists grammatically.

We say then that the verb "κοιμάμαι" is in the passive form.

    • "I wash or I am washed"

I am washing: first-person singular of verb: "πλένομαι" with a passive voice.

"I am washed": present participle in the passive form of the verb "πλένομαι = to wash"

    • «- ιεμαι and -ουμε« - ιεμαι: first person ending in the present indicative and in the average form, which does not exist anymore.

So, first-person ending to the present indicative and to the PASSIVE form

Warning Do not fool the first person plural form active, with the first person of the passive form

-Ουμε: first person plural of verb: ... anyone: eg. : Μπορού-με, κάνου-με, διορθώνου-με ...

BUT

L'κέφτο-μαι, κρατιέ-μαι, κοιμά-μαι ... The spelling of the ending helps you to distinguish.

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