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Revision as of 22:05, 2 April 2023

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Standard Estonian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Prepositions and Conjunctions → Prepositions

Prepositions in Estonian

Prepositions are important words in Estonian that express relationships between different words in a sentence. They usually indicate direction, location, or time. In Estonian, prepositions are always followed by a noun or a pronoun in a specific case. The case used depends on the meaning of the preposition and the context of the sentence. In this lesson, we will learn about the different prepositions in Estonian, their usage, and their role in expressing relationships between words.

Usage of Prepositions

Prepositions in Estonian, like in other languages, are used to give more information about the relationships between different parts of a sentence. They can be used to show:

  • Location: Maja ees (in front of the house)
  • Movement: Merre ujuma (swimming into the sea)
  • Time: Suvel (in the summer)
  • Direction: Ta astus tuppa (he entered the room)
  • Relationships between actions or events: Pärast tööd (after work)

Note that in Estonian, prepositions are followed by nouns or pronouns in a specific case. The case used depends on the meaning of the preposition and the context of the sentence.

Prepositions with Cases

In Estonian, prepositions are used with different cases depending on their meaning. Here is a list of some prepositions and the cases they usually take:

Preposition Case Used Example
Alla Illative (in) Alla tulema (come down)
Juures Adessive (at, with) Juures olema (to be with)
Kõrval Genitive (next to, beside) Kõrval seisma (stand beside)
Kuni Illative (until) Kuni homseni (until tomorrow)
Läbi Partitive (through, by) Läbi metsa (through the forest)
Nagu Nominative (like, as) Nagu isa, nii poeg (like father, like son)
Pele Elative (from) Pele tulema (come from)
Pärast Genitive (after) Pärast tööd (after work)
Sisse Inessive (in) Sisse minema (go inside)
Vastu Adessive (against) Vastu seisma (stand against)
Välja Illative (out of) Välja minema (go out of)
Ära Illative (away from) Ära jooksma (run away from)

Note that this list is not comprehensive, and the same preposition may be used with different cases depending on the context of the sentence. It is important to study and practice the use of prepositions to gain a better understanding of their meanings and the cases they take.

Examples of Prepositions

Here are some examples of prepositions in Estonian and their use with different cases:

Example 1

Ma olen pargis (I am in the park)

  • Pargis is in the elative case, indicating location
  • Ma is in the nominative case, indicating the subject of the sentence

Example 2

Ma lähen randa (I am going to the beach)

  • Randa is in the illative case, indicating direction/movement
  • Ma is in the nominative case, indicating the subject of the sentence

Example 3

Tema räägib eesti keeles (He speaks in Estonian)

  • Eesti keeles is in the adessive case, indicating language
  • Tema is in the nominative case, indicating the subject of the sentence

Example 4

Auto seisab maja kõrval (The car is parked beside the house)

  • Maja kõrval is in the genitive case, indicating location
  • Auto is in the nominative case, indicating the subject of the sentence

Practice Exercises

Here are some practice exercises to help you understand and use prepositions correctly in Estonian:

Exercise 1

Complete the following sentences with the correct preposition:

  1. Ma ostan pitsa <blank>online</blank>.
  2. Kassi sööb hiir <blank>tagavaraks</blank>.
  3. Ta eksib tihti <blank>linnas</blank>.
  4. Lapsed ujuvad <blank>meres</blank>.
  5. Ma lähen <blank>tööle</blank>.
Preposition Case Used
Online Inessive (in/on)
Tagavaraks Illative (for)
Linnas Inessive (in)
Meres Inessive (in)
Tööle Illative (to)

Exercise 2

Create 5 sentences using prepositions and their appropriate cases. Be creative!

Other Lessons


◀️ Telling Time — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

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