Language/Central-atlas-tamazight/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have

Central Atlas Tamazight Grammar - How to Use "Have"

Hi Central Atlas Tamazight learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn how to use "have" in Central Atlas Tamazight. "Have" is a very important verb, and it has several uses in this language. We will explore these uses and provide examples to illustrate them. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to use "have" in various ways and build more complex sentences. Don't hesitate to take notes and practice the examples. Remember, practice makes perfect! 😎
To navigate this lesson, you can use the table of contents below. Happy learning! 🎉

Don't miss the chance to check out these pages as you wrap up this lesson: Plurals & Negation.

"Have" as an auxiliary verb

The first use of "have" in Central Atlas Tamazight is as an auxiliary verb to form the present perfect tense. The present perfect tense is used to talk about actions or states that happened at an indefinite time in the past or started in the past and continue in the present. In English, the present perfect tense is formed by combining the present tense of "have" with the past participle of the main verb. In Central Atlas Tamazight, we use "yes" (which means "there is") as the auxiliary verb, followed by the past participle of the main verb.

Here is the formula for forming the present perfect tense:

[yis] + past participle of the main verb

Here are some examples:

Central Atlas Tamazight	Pronunciation	English
[Yis:an]	/jis.an/	I have eaten
[Yis:fkr :ityarn]	/jis.fkr it.jarn/	You have thought well
[Yis:3marn]	/jis.ʕmaʁn/	He/she/it has slept
[Yis:nstfn]	/jis.nstfn/	We have studied
[Yis:ghzaln]	/jis.ɣzaln/	You(plural) have run
[Yis:ilaw]	/jis.ilaw/	They have arrived

Note that in Central Atlas Tamazight, the past participle of a verb is formed by adding the prefix "tel-" to the beginning of the verb. For example, the past participle of "eat" is "tel3an", the past participle of "think" is "telfkrt", and so on.

Let's see some examples in a dialogue:

• Person 1: [Telfrjt] (I have understood)
• Person 2: [Telfrjt :ityarn] (You have understood well)
• Person 1: [Tella 3ft] (He/she/it has left)
• Person 2: [Telnstfn] (We have studied)

Now that you know how to form the present perfect tense in Central Atlas Tamazight, try to create your own examples and practice with a native speaker. You can use the Polyglot Club website to find native speakers and ask them any questions.

"Have" as a possession verb

Another use of "have" in Central Atlas Tamazight is as a possession verb. "Have" is used to indicate that someone or something owns or possesses something else. In this case, "have" is translated as "yettwar" or "yettwara" depending on the gender of the possessor.

Here is the formula for using "have" as a possession verb:

[yettwar/yettwara] + possessed object

Here are some examples:

Central Atlas Tamazight	Pronunciation	English
[Yettwara :wakl]	/jet.twa.ɾa θwa.kl/	She has a car
[Yettwar asrk]	/jet.twaɾ a.srˤk/	He has money
[Yettwara imik]	/jet.twa.ɾa i.mik/	They have a house

Let's see some examples in a dialogue:

• Person 1: [Yettwara tawsna mzin] (She has a big bag)
• Person 2: [Yettwar tiqjist] (He has a book)
• Person 1: [Yettwar akal] (They have food)
• Person 2: [Yettwara :zar] (She has a phone)

Now it's your turn to practice using "have" as a possession verb. Try to create your own examples and ask a native speaker for feedback.

"Have" in idiomatic expressions

Finally, "have" is also used in idiomatic expressions in Central Atlas Tamazight. Idiomatic expressions are phrases that have a meaning that is different from the literal meaning of the individual words. In this case, "have" is translated as "ttaxxal" or "ttxxal" and is used to express different concepts such as obligation, probability, or ability.

Here are some examples of idiomatic expressions using "have" in Central Atlas Tamazight:

Central Atlas Tamazight	Pronunciation	English
[Ttxxal citr]	/t.txa.ɣl ɕitˤr/	You have to work (obligation)
[Ttaxxal tayri]	/t.ta.xˤal ta.jɾi/	It might rain (probability)
[Ttxxal tafukt]	/t.txa.ɣl ta.fuk.t/	I can run (ability)

Let's see some examples in a dialogue:

• Person 1: [Ttxxal :ghir tayri ida] (We have to wait if it rains)
• Person 2: [Ttaxxal :wina]] (Maybe)
• Person 1: [Ttxxal ad tagufa] (You can swim)
• Person 2: [Yella ad takar] (I will drive)

Now it's your turn to practice using "have" in idiomatic expressions. Try to create your own examples and practice with a native speaker.

---

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.

➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Other Lessons

• Plurals
• Negation
• Give your Opinion
• Conditional Mood
• Pronouns
• How to Use Be
• Gender
• Adjectives
• Questions

Template:Central-atlas-tamazight-Page-Bottom