Difference between revisions of "Language/Pulaar/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be"
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<span link>Consider broadening your understanding by checking out these related lessons: [[Language/Pulaar/Grammar/Questions|Questions]] & [[Language/Pulaar/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]].</span> | |||
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<span link>Now that you've completed this lesson, don't stop learning! Check out these related topics: [[Language/Pulaar/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]] & [[Language/Pulaar/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]].</span> | |||
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==Other Lessons== | |||
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* [[Language/Pulaar/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]] | * [[Language/Pulaar/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]] | ||
* [[Language/Pulaar/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]] | * [[Language/Pulaar/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]] | ||
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* [[Language/Pulaar/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]] | * [[Language/Pulaar/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]] | ||
* [[Language/Pulaar/Grammar/Questions|Questions]] | * [[Language/Pulaar/Grammar/Questions|Questions]] | ||
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Latest revision as of 22:18, 27 March 2023
Hi Pulaar learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn how to use the verb "be" in Pulaar. The verb "be" is a very important verb in English and in many other languages, including Pulaar. It is used to indicate a state of being or existence. For example, "I am happy" or "He is tall".
Using the verb "be" in Pulaar is different from using it in English. But don't worry, we're here to help you. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to use the verb "be" in Pulaar correctly and confidently. 😊
Consider broadening your understanding by checking out these related lessons: Questions & Conditional Mood.
The Pulaar Verb "Be"[edit | edit source]
In Pulaar, the verb "be" has three different forms: "tee", "de" and "je". Knowing when to use which form depends on the noun class of the subject of the sentence. There are seven noun classes in Pulaar, which are marked with different prefixes.
The verb "tee" is used with nouns in classes 1 and 2, which have the prefixes "co-" and "mo-", respectively. The verb "de" is used with nouns in classes 3 and 4, which have the prefixes "ju-" and "ke-", respectively. The verb "je" is used with nouns in classes 5, 6, and 7, which have the prefixes "te-", "ne-", and "o-", respectively.
Let's look at some examples:
| Pulaar | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| co-yiri tee | co-yiri te | The house is big |
| mo-baaba tee | mo-baaba te | The father is old |
| ju-galle de | ju-galle de | The horse is strong |
| ke-biru de | ke-biru de | The cow is fat |
| te-falde je | te-falde je | The boy is short |
| ne-tiine je | ne-tiine je | The girl is pretty |
| o-gilloonu je | o-gilloonu je | The tree is tall |
Notice how the verb "tee" is used with the prefix "co-" in the first example and with the prefix "mo-" in the second example. Similarly, the verb "de" is used with the prefix "ju-" in the third example and with the prefix "ke-" in the fourth example. Finally, the verb "je" is used with the prefix "te-" in the fifth example, with the prefix "ne-" in the sixth example and with the prefix "o-" in the seventh example.
Negation[edit | edit source]
To negate a sentence with the verb "be" in Pulaar, you need to use the word "ma". "Ma" means "not" and it comes before the verb.
For example:
- Person 1: Laabiiri tee. (I am happy.)
- Person 2: Ma laabiiri tee. (I am not happy.)
- Person 1: Suudadoo je. (The flower is beautiful.)
- Person 2: Ma suudadoo je. (The flower is not beautiful.)
Questions[edit | edit source]
To make a question with the verb "be" in Pulaar, you need to use a question word, such as "mbele" or "kiin". The question word comes at the beginning of the sentence, followed by the subject and then the verb.
For example:
- Person 1: Laabiiri tee. (I am happy.)
- Person 2: Mbele laabiiri tee? (Are you happy?)
- Person 1: Deboogo je. (The bird is small.)
- Person 2: Kiin deboogo je? (Is the bird small?)
Dialogue[edit | edit source]
Below is a dialogue between two friends, Mariama and Fatou, where they use the verb "be" in different forms:
- Mariama: Salu, Fatou, domi ko? (Hi, Fatou, how are you?)
- Fatou: Noon, a jaay. Tee ndow mi? (I'm fine, thank you. Are you okay?)
- Mariama: Waaw, mangi fii ci kanam. (Yes, I'm here with you.)
- Fatou: Suudadoo je! (The flower is beautiful!)
- Mariama: Waaw, ko xiifam. (Yes, it's colorful.)
- Fatou: Mo baaba tee. (My father is old.)
- Mariama: Waaw, e yonente. (Yes, he's wise.)
Conclusion[edit | edit source]
In this lesson, we have learned how to use the verb "be" in Pulaar. Remember that the verb "be" has three different forms in Pulaar, "tee", "de", and "je", which depend on the noun class of the subject. To negate a sentence with the verb "be", use the word "ma". To make a question, use a question word such as "mbele" or "kiin".
To improve your Pulaar grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Ask native speakers and feel free to edit the Grammar page if you think it can be improved.
We hope this lesson was helpful. Practice using the verb "be" in Pulaar as much as you can! 😊
➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
Now that you've completed this lesson, don't stop learning! Check out these related topics: Plurals & Give your Opinion.
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Future Tense
- Plurals
- Adjectives
- Conditional Mood
- Give your Opinion
- Pronouns
- Negation
- How to Use Have
- Questions