Language/Southern-uzbek/Grammar/Gender

Southern Uzbek Grammar - Gender

Hi Southern Uzbek learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn about gender in Southern Uzbek. Gender is an important aspect of the Uzbek language and plays a crucial role in communication. With gender, we can identify people, animals, and objects based on their sex.

Finish this lesson and explore these related pages: Adjectives & Pronouns.

Introduction

Gender is a grammatical category that deals with the classification of nouns based on their sex. Southern Uzbek uses a system of two genders: masculine and feminine.

For example:

Southern Uzbek	Pronunciation	English
оқувчи	o'quvchi	student (masculine)
талаба	talaba	student (feminine)
тереза	teraza	window (feminine)
kap | door (masculine)

As you can see, nouns ending in -чи, -учи, -ши, -қа, -қазо, and -а are typically masculine, while nouns ending in -ба, -батиш, -ша, -ёлки, -қалик, and -қиз are typically feminine.

In this lesson, we will learn how to use gender in Southern Uzbek grammar. We will also include cultural information and interesting facts to help you better understand Southern Uzbek. Let's get started!

Masculine Gender

In Southern Uzbek, there are several ways to form masculine nouns. One way is to add the suffix -чи to a word. This suffix is commonly used to indicate an occupation, profession, or a person who is involved in an activity. For example:

Southern Uzbek	Pronunciation	English
механикчи	mehanikchi	mechanic
табибчи	tabibchi	doctor
истеъмолчи	iste'molchi	user
касбиётчи	kasbiyotchi	craftsman

Another way to form a masculine noun is to add the suffix -бош to a noun. This suffix is commonly used in words that indicate the head or leader of a group. For example:

Southern Uzbek	Pronunciation	English
китобхонибош	kitobxonibosh	head bookkeeper
касбхонибош	kasbxonibosh	chief craftsman

We can also form masculine nouns by replacing the final vowel of a feminine noun with the suffix -лик. This is commonly used to indicate a person who is involved in an activity or profession. For example:

Southern Uzbek	Pronunciation	English
овқаттан лиқ	ovqattan lik	cook
киноқарши лиқ	kinoqarshi lik	actor
муаллимлик	muallimlik	teacher (masculine)

In addition to these suffixes, there are other ways to form masculine nouns in Southern Uzbek. Also, it's common to use masculine gender pronouns to refer to people we assume are male until we get more information.

Let's practice using masculine gender in Southern Uzbek in a dialogue:

• Person 1: Салом, акаба! Кимсан? (Salom, akaba! Kimsan?) (Hello, buddy! Who are you?)
• Person 2: Мен бўйсун, механикчиман. Турибдику пайтда темир йўлни тўғрилатмўйман. (Men bo'ysun, mehanikchiman. Turibdiku paytda temir yo'lni to'g'rilatmo'yman.) (I am fine, I am a mechanic. I am currently fixing the train tracks.)

Feminine Gender

In Southern Uzbek, feminine nouns are formed differently than masculine nouns. One way to form a feminine noun is to add the suffix -бин to a noun. This suffix is commonly used in words that indicate a wife, sister, or daughter. For example:

Southern Uzbek	Pronunciation	English
укалибин	ukalibin	niece
шашватибин	shashvatibin	sister-in-law
тораларибин	toralaribin	daughter-in-law

Another way to form a feminine noun is to add the suffix -ён to a noun. This suffix is commonly used to indicate a person who is involved in an activity. For example:

Southern Uzbek	Pronunciation	English
муаллимён	muallimyon	teacher (feminine)
учён	uch'yon	scholar
касбён	kasbyon	craftswoman

It's also possible to form feminine nouns by adding the suffix -й to the end of the noun. This is commonly used in words that indicate a female animal. For example:

Southern Uzbek	Pronunciation	English
кўкйүлак	kok'yu-lak	hen
сутйор	sut'yor	cow

Let's practice using feminine gender in Southern Uzbek in a dialogue:

• Person 1: Салом, одамзат! Кимсиз? (Salom, odamzat! Kimsiz?) (Hello, young lady! Who are you?)
• Person 2: Мен ёшман, муаллимёнман. Аҳмад Ёсубовнинг мактабида ўқитаман. (Men yoshman, muallimyonman. Ahmad Yesubovning maktabida o'qitaman.) (I am young, I am a teacher. I teach at Ahmad Yesubov's school.)

Gender Agreement

In Southern Uzbek, gender agreement plays an important role in the language. It means that not only nouns, but adjectives, pronouns, and verbs must also agree in gender.

When using an adjective in a sentence, we must use the correct form of the adjective based on the gender of the noun. For example:

Southern Uzbek	Pronunciation	English
катта меҳнатчи	katta mehnatchi	hardworking (masculine)
катта меҳнатчиба	katta mehnatchiba	hardworking (feminine)

As you can see, we add the suffix -ба to form the feminine form of the adjective.

Pronouns in Southern Uzbek must also agree in gender with the noun they are replacing. For example:

Southern Uzbek	Pronunciation	English
Унга китоб сотдим. У кўп ўқийди.	Unga kitob sotdim. U kop o'qiydi.	I sold him a book. He reads a lot. (masculine)
Унга китоб сотдим. Улар кўп ўқийди.	Unga kitob sotdim. Ular kop o'qiydi.	I sold her a book. They read a lot. (feminine)

As you can see, we use the pronoun у (u) to replace a masculine noun, and улар (ular) to replace a feminine noun.

Verbs must also agree in gender with the noun they are describing. For example:

Southern Uzbek	Pronunciation	English
Узбекистон халқаро ёрим соатига бошиди	O'zbekiston xalqaro yorim soatiga boshidi	Uzbekistan started the international hour. (masculine)
Аҳмад Ёсубовнинг мактабида халқабуян ёрим соатига бошлади	Ahmad Yesubovning maktabida xalqabuyan yorim soatiga boshladi	The public announcement started at Ahmad Yesubov's school. (feminine)

As you can see, we use the suffix -ди to indicate the masculine form of the verb, and -ди to indicate the feminine form of the verb.

Let's practice using gender agreement in Southern Uzbek in a dialogue:

• Person 1: Уйгур қорғани хақида ким сўрайди? (Uygur qorg'ani haqida kim so'raydi?) (Who is asking about the Uyghur fortress?)
• Person 2: Мен бўламан. Менга яхши ўқилгилар берилган. (Men bo'laman. Menga yaxshi o'qilgillar berilgan.) (It's me. I was given good books to read.)

Conclusion

Gender is an important aspect of Southern Uzbek grammar. It plays a crucial role in communication and identification of people, animals, and objects based on their sex. In this lesson, we've learned about the different ways to form masculine and feminine nouns, and how gender agreement works in Southern Uzbek.

To improve your Southern Uzbek Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

Sources

• Uzbek language - Grammar
• Uzbek language

Now that you've completed this lesson, don't stop learning! Check out these related topics: Questions & How to Use Be.

Other Lessons

• Pronouns
• Future Tense
• Give your Opinion
• How to Use Be
• Adjectives
• Plurals
• Conditional Mood
• Questions
• Negation

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