Difference between revisions of "Language/Paraguayan-guarani/Grammar/Pronouns"

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<div class="pg_page_title">Pronouns in Guaraní</div>
[[File:Paraguay-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]]
Hi Guaraní Learners! 😃
In today's lesson we will learn how to use pronouns in Guaraní.
Happy learning!
<span link>Take a moment to explore these relevant pages as you conclude this lesson:</span> [[Language/Paraguayan-guarani/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use "Be"]], [[Language/Paraguayan-guarani/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]] & [[Language/Paraguayan-guarani/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]].
__TOC__
__TOC__
== Guarani personal pronouns ==
== Guaraní personal pronouns (terarânguéra) ==
 
===The 'che' Personal Pronoun===
===The 'che' Personal Pronoun===
Like English, Guarani has a set of personal pronouns. The English word 'I' is a pronoun in the first person singular. The Guarani word for 'I' is 'che'.
Like English, Guaraní has a set of personal pronouns. The English word 'I' is a pronoun in the first person singular.  
 
The Guaraní word for 'I' is 'che'.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Guarani
!Guaraní
!Translation
!Translation
|-
|-
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|}
|}


===Other Personal Pronouns in Guaraní ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Guarani
!English
!français
|-
|che
|I
|je
|-
|nde
|you
|tu
|-
|ha'e
|he
she
|il
elle
|-
|[inclusion] ñande
[exclusion] ore
|we
|nous
|-
|peê
|you
|vous
|-
|ha'ekuéra
|they
|ils
elles
|}


===Other Personal Pronouns===
{| class="wikitable"
!Person
!form
!morph test
|-
|1st person singular
|''che''
|che ↔ che
|-
|2nd person singular 
|''nde''
|nde ↔ nde
|-
|3rd person 
|''ha'e''
|ha'e ↔ ha'e
|-
|1st person plural (inclusive) 
|''ñande''
|ñande ↔ ñande
|-
|1st person plural (exclusive) 
|''ore''
|ore ↔ ore
|-
|2nd person plural 
|''peẽ''
|peẽ ↔ peẽ
|}


Personal pronouns in Guarani are mostly the same as the prefixes used with chendal verbs. They include first person and second person singular, third person (no distinction between singular and plural), first person plural inclusive, first person plural exclusive and second person plural.
Personal pronouns in Guarani are mostly the same as the prefixes used with chendal verbs. They include first person and second person singular, third person (no distinction between singular and plural), first person plural inclusive, first person plural exclusive and second person plural.
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Reflexive pronoun: ''je'': ''ahecha'' ("I look"), ''ajehecha'' ("I look at myself")
Reflexive pronoun: ''je'': ''ahecha'' ("I look"), ''ajehecha'' ("I look at myself")


== Guarani demonstrative pronouns ==
===Video (in Spanish) - Pronombres Personales en guaraní===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OhvSy0YJuk0</youtube>


=== The 'ko' Pronoun ===
== Guaraní Demonstrative Pronouns ==
 
=== The 'ko' Demonstrative Pronoun ===
Demonstrative pronouns are used with nouns to make them more specific. The demonstrative pronouns 'this' in English is 'ko' in Guarani.
Demonstrative pronouns are used with nouns to make them more specific. The demonstrative pronouns 'this' in English is 'ko' in Guarani.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Guarani
!Guaraní
!Translation
!Translation
|-
|-
Line 78: Line 155:


=== Other demonstrative Pronouns ===
=== Other demonstrative Pronouns ===
Demonstrative pronouns recognize at least four deictic degrees (from proximal to distal): ko, pe, amo, ku (and their plural forms).
Demonstrative pronouns recognize at least four deictic degrees (from proximal to distal): ko, pe, amo, ku (and their plural forms).


==== Examples ====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Attributives
!Attributives
Line 101: Line 178:


In Guarani, demonstrative pronouns reflect the proximal-distal dimension of the contexts in which the pronouns are used.
In Guarani, demonstrative pronouns reflect the proximal-distal dimension of the contexts in which the pronouns are used.
== Guaraní possessive pronouns ==
=== 'che' Possessive Pronoun in Guarani ===
Possessive pronouns are used in Guaraní to describe possession or ownership.
The Guaraní word for 'my' is 'che'. The word 'che' often causes a sound change in the noun which follows it.
{| class="wikitable"
|che  haiha
|my  pen
|-
|che  mansana yva
|my  apple
|-
|che  mesa
|my  table
|-
|che  tataypy
|my  kitchen
|-
|che  pirapire
|my  money
|}
=== Other Possessive Pronouns in Guarani ===
The possessive pronouns of Guarani are essentially the same as the personal pronouns. They include first person singular, second person singular, third person (no distinction between singular and plural), first person plural inclusive, first person plural exclusive, and second person plural. 
{| class="wikitable"
!Person
!form
!morph test
|-
|1st person singular
|''che''
|che ↔ che
|-
|2nd person singular 
|''nde''
|nde ↔ nde
|-
|3rd person 
|''ha'e''
|ha'e ↔ ha'e
|-
|1st person plural (inclusive) 
|''ñande''
|ñande ↔ ñande
|-
|1st person plural (exclusive) 
|''ore''
|ore ↔ ore
|-
|2nd person plural 
|''peẽ''
|peẽ ↔ peẽ
|}
=== Video (in Spanish) - Pronombres posesivos en guaraní ===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ai9s3kbZ8RI</youtube>


==Sources==
==Sources==
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* https://www.linguashop.com
* https://www.linguashop.com
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarani_dialects#Demonstrative_Pronouns
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarani_dialects#Demonstrative_Pronouns
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Paraguayan-guarani/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Paraguayan-guarani/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
* [[Language/Paraguayan-guarani/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Paraguayan-guarani/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Paraguayan-guarani/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Paraguayan-guarani/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 19:28, 27 March 2023

Pronouns in Guaraní
Paraguay-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png

Hi Guaraní Learners! 😃

In today's lesson we will learn how to use pronouns in Guaraní.

Happy learning!

Take a moment to explore these relevant pages as you conclude this lesson: How to Use "Be", Future Tense & Give your Opinion.

Guaraní personal pronouns (terarânguéra)[edit | edit source]

The 'che' Personal Pronoun[edit | edit source]

Like English, Guaraní has a set of personal pronouns. The English word 'I' is a pronoun in the first person singular.

The Guaraní word for 'I' is 'che'.

Guaraní Translation
che avei me too
che mante just me
ha che ? and me ?
che nahániri avei me neither
che nahániri not me

Other Personal Pronouns in Guaraní[edit | edit source]

Guarani English français
che I je
nde you tu
ha'e he

she

il

elle

[inclusion] ñande

[exclusion] ore

we nous
peê you vous
ha'ekuéra they ils

elles

Person form morph test
1st person singular che che ↔ che
2nd person singular  nde nde ↔ nde
3rd person  ha'e ha'e ↔ ha'e
1st person plural (inclusive)  ñande ñande ↔ ñande
1st person plural (exclusive)  ore ore ↔ ore
2nd person plural  peẽ peẽ ↔ peẽ

Personal pronouns in Guarani are mostly the same as the prefixes used with chendal verbs. They include first person and second person singular, third person (no distinction between singular and plural), first person plural inclusive, first person plural exclusive and second person plural.

singular plural
1st person inclusive che ñande
exclusive ore
2nd person nde peẽ
3rd person haʼe haʼekuéra/ hikuái (*)
  • Hikuái is a Post-verbal pronoun (oHecha hikuái – they see )

Reflexive pronoun: je: ahecha ("I look"), ajehecha ("I look at myself")

Video (in Spanish) - Pronombres Personales en guaraní[edit | edit source]

Guaraní Demonstrative Pronouns[edit | edit source]

The 'ko' Demonstrative Pronoun[edit | edit source]

Demonstrative pronouns are used with nouns to make them more specific. The demonstrative pronouns 'this' in English is 'ko' in Guarani.

Guaraní Translation
ko aranduka this book
ko tapicha this person
ko mesa this table
ko yva mansana this apple
ko kavaju this horse

Other demonstrative Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Demonstrative pronouns recognize at least four deictic degrees (from proximal to distal): ko, pe, amo, ku (and their plural forms).

Attributives Non-attributives
ko kóva “near the speaker”
pe péva “near the addressee”
upé upéva “away from both speaker and addressee”

Note. Chart above reprinted from E. Gregores and J. Suarez.

In Guarani, demonstrative pronouns reflect the proximal-distal dimension of the contexts in which the pronouns are used.

Guaraní possessive pronouns[edit | edit source]

'che' Possessive Pronoun in Guarani[edit | edit source]

Possessive pronouns are used in Guaraní to describe possession or ownership.

The Guaraní word for 'my' is 'che'. The word 'che' often causes a sound change in the noun which follows it.

che haiha my pen
che mansana yva my apple
che mesa my table
che tataypy my kitchen
che pirapire my money

Other Possessive Pronouns in Guarani[edit | edit source]

The possessive pronouns of Guarani are essentially the same as the personal pronouns. They include first person singular, second person singular, third person (no distinction between singular and plural), first person plural inclusive, first person plural exclusive, and second person plural. 

Person form morph test
1st person singular che che ↔ che
2nd person singular  nde nde ↔ nde
3rd person  ha'e ha'e ↔ ha'e
1st person plural (inclusive)  ñande ñande ↔ ñande
1st person plural (exclusive)  ore ore ↔ ore
2nd person plural  peẽ peẽ ↔ peẽ

Video (in Spanish) - Pronombres posesivos en guaraní[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

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