Difference between revisions of "Language/Latin/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be"

From Polyglot Club WIKI
< Language‎ | Latin‎ | Grammar
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(To be in Latin)
 
m (Quick edit)
 
(3 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
[[File:To be in Latin.png|alt=To be in Latin|thumb|'''To be in Latin''']]
.


Hello everybody,
{{Latin-Page-Top}}


In today's lesson you will learn some useful vocabulary about '''¨VERB TO BE¨''' in Latin
<div class="pg_page_title">Latin Grammar - How to Use "Be"</div>


Feel free to edit this page by adding new words and expressions !
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/latin Latin] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will learn how to use the verb "esse" (to be) in Latin. This is an important verb for constructing sentences, and it is essential to learn its basic forms and its various uses.


Good learning ! :)
__TOC__


.
<span link>With the completion of this lesson, consider investigating these related pages:</span> [[Language/Latin/Grammar/Negation|Negation]] & [[Language/Latin/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]].  
== The Verb "Esse" ==


.
The Latin verb "esse" means "to be" and is one of the most important verbs in the language. Its basic forms are:


== '''To be in Latin''' ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Latin !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
|'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
| sum || /sũː/ or /sʊm/ || I am
|'''<big>LATIN</big>'''
|'''<big>PRONUNCIATION IN</big>'''
'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
|'''<big>BRAZILIAN</big>'''
'''<big>PORTUGUESE</big>'''
|-
|-
|
| es || /ɛs/ || you are (singular)
|
|
|
|-
|-
|'''I was'''
| est || /ɛst/ || he/she/it is
|'''<big>Ego eram</big>'''
|'''''eh goh eh rahm'''''
|'''Eu era / estava'''
|-
|-
|'''You were'''
| sumus || /ˈsuː.mʊs/ || we are
|'''<big>Tu  eras</big>'''
|'''''tou eh rahs'''''
|'''Você era / estava'''
|-
|-
|'''He was'''
| estis || /ˈɛs.tɪs/ || you are (plural)
|'''<big>İs  erat</big>'''
|'''''ees eh raht'''''
|'''Ele era / estava'''
|-
|-
|'''We were'''
| sunt || /sunt/ || they are
|'''<big>Nos  eramus</big>'''
|'''''nohs eh rah moos'''''
|'''Nós éramos / estávamos'''
|-
|'''You were'''
|'''<big>Vos  eratis</big>'''
|'''''vohs eh rah tihs'''''
|'''Vocês eram / estavam'''
|-
|'''They were'''
|'''<big>Ei  erant</big>'''
|'''''ay eh rahnt'''''
|'''Eles eram / estavam'''
|-
|''' '''
|'''<big> </big>'''
|''''' '''''
|''' '''
|-
|''' '''
|'''<big> </big>'''
|''''' '''''
|''' '''
|-
|'''I am'''
|'''<big>Ego sum</big>'''
|'''''eh goh soom'''''
|'''Eu sou / estou'''
|-
|'''You are'''
|'''<big>Tu  es</big>'''
|'''''tou ehs'''''
|'''Você é / está'''
|-
|'''He is'''
|'''<big>İs  est</big>'''
|'''''ees ehst'''''
|'''Ele é / está'''
|-
|'''We are'''
|'''<big>Nos  sumus</big>'''
|'''''nohs sou moos'''''
|'''Nós somos / estamos'''
|-
|'''You are'''
|'''<big>Vos  estis</big>'''
|'''''vohs ehs tihs'''''
|'''Vocês são / estão'''
|-
|'''They are'''
|'''<big>Ei  sunt</big>'''
|'''''ay soont'''''
|'''Eles são / estão'''
|-
|''' '''
|'''<big> </big>'''
|''''' '''''
|''' '''
|-
|''' '''
|'''<big> </big>'''
|''''' '''''
|''' '''
|-
|'''I will be'''
|'''<big>Ego ero</big>'''
|'''''eh goh eh roh'''''
|'''Eu serei / estarei'''
|-
|'''You will be'''
|'''<big>Tu  eris</big>'''
|'''''tou eh rihs'''''
|'''Você será / estará'''
|-
|'''He will be'''
|'''<big>İs  erit</big>'''
|'''''ees eh riht'''''
|'''Ele será / estará'''
|-
|'''We will be'''
|'''<big>Nos  erimus</big>'''
|'''''nohs eh rih moos'''''
|'''Nós seremos / estaremos'''
|-
|'''You will be'''
|'''<big>Vos  eritis</big>'''
|'''''vohs eh rih tihs'''''
|'''Vocês serão / estarão'''
|-
|'''They will be'''
|'''<big>Ei  erunt</big>'''
|'''''ay eh roont'''''
|'''Eles serão / estarão'''
|-
|''' '''
|'''<big> </big>'''
|''' '''
|''' '''
|-
|''' '''
|'''<big> </big>'''
|''' '''
|''' '''
|-
|'''I am not'''
|'''<big>Ego non sum</big>'''
|'''''eh goh nohn soom'''''
|'''Eu não sou / não  estou'''
|-
|'''You are not'''
|'''<big>Tu  non es</big>'''
|'''''tou nohn ehs'''''
|'''Você não é / não  está'''
|-
|'''He is not'''
|'''<big>İs  non est</big>'''
|'''''ees nohn ehst'''''
|'''Ele não é / não  está'''
|-
|'''We are not'''
|'''<big>Nos  non sumus</big>'''
|'''''nohs nohn sou moos'''''
|'''Nós não somos / não  estamos'''
|-
|'''You are not'''
|'''<big>Vos  non estis</big>'''
|'''''vohs nohn ehs tihs'''''
|'''Vocês não são / não  estão'''
|-
|'''They are not'''
|'''<big>Ei  non sunt</big>'''
|'''''ay nohn soont'''''
|'''Eles não são / não  estão'''
|}
|}
Note that "esse" is an irregular verb, and its forms do not follow regular conjugation patterns.
== Using "Esse" to Identify and Describe ==
One of the main uses of "esse" is to simply identify or describe something. In such cases, the verb is used in the same way as "is," "am," "are," in English:
* Hieronymus est vir. (Jerome is a man.)
* Canis est animal domesticum. (A dog is a domestic animal.)
Here, "est" is used to simply state that Jerome is a man and that a dog is a domestic animal.
== Using "Esse" to Show Existence ==
"Esse" can also be used to show the existence of something rather than identifying or describing it. In these cases, the verb is usually accompanied by an indirect question word or adverb, such as "ubi" (where), "quando" (when), or "num" (whether):
* Ubi est turba? (Where is the crowd?)
* Quando est cena? (When is the dinner?)
* Num est Piso? (Is Piso here?)
Here, "est" is used to show that the crowd, the dinner, or Piso does indeed exist.
== Using "Esse" to Express Possession ==
Another use of "esse" is to express possession, similar to the English "have" or "has":
* Mihi est gremium plenum. (I have a lap full.)
* Caesaris est dextra Veni Vidi Vici. (Caesar has the Victory sign.)
Here, "est" is used to express that the speaker possesses a full lap, and that Caesar has the famous Victory sign.
== Using "Esse" to Form the Passive Voice ==
Finally, "esse" can be used to form the passive voice in Latin. In such cases, the verb is accompanied by a past participle:
* Caesar ab Antonio occisus est. (Caesar was killed by Antony.)
Here, "est" is used to form the passive voice of the verb "occidere" (to kill), indicating that the subject (Caesar) received the action of the verb rather than performing it.
== Dialogue ==
To see "esse" in context, let's read a dialogue:
* Person 1: Suntne libri in mensa? (Are there any books on the table?)
* Person 2: Quod non scio. (I don't know.)
* Person 1: Num sunt in alia mensa? (Are they on another table?)
* Person 2: Est in alcovia. (It's in the alcove.)
Here, we can see how "esse" is used to show the existence of books on the table and their location.
== Conclusion ==
"Esse" is a fundamental verb in Latin, and its uses are varied and numerous. By mastering its basic forms and various applications, you'll be able to construct more complex and nuanced sentences in no time! To improve your [[Language/Latin|Latin]] [[Language/Latin/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=73 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/latin/question questions]!
<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
<span link>Having concluded this lesson, consider checking out these related pages:</span> [[Language/Latin/Grammar/Past-Tense|Past Tense]] & [[Language/Latin/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]].
{{#seo:
|title=Latin Grammar - How to Use "Be"
|keywords=Latin, Grammar, esse, to be, verb, conjugation, dialogue, examples, uses
|description=Learn how to use the verb "esse" (to be) in Latin. This lesson provides an overview of esse's basic forms and various applications, including how to identify, describe, and show existence, express possession, and form the passive voice. Get started today!
}}
{{Latin-Page-Bottom}}
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 10:53, 27 March 2023

Drapeau-Empire-Romain.jpg
Latin Grammar - How to Use "Be"

Hi Latin learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn how to use the verb "esse" (to be) in Latin. This is an important verb for constructing sentences, and it is essential to learn its basic forms and its various uses.

With the completion of this lesson, consider investigating these related pages: Negation & Conditional Mood.

The Verb "Esse"[edit | edit source]

The Latin verb "esse" means "to be" and is one of the most important verbs in the language. Its basic forms are:

Latin Pronunciation English
sum /sũː/ or /sʊm/ I am
es /ɛs/ you are (singular)
est /ɛst/ he/she/it is
sumus /ˈsuː.mʊs/ we are
estis /ˈɛs.tɪs/ you are (plural)
sunt /sunt/ they are

Note that "esse" is an irregular verb, and its forms do not follow regular conjugation patterns.

Using "Esse" to Identify and Describe[edit | edit source]

One of the main uses of "esse" is to simply identify or describe something. In such cases, the verb is used in the same way as "is," "am," "are," in English:

  • Hieronymus est vir. (Jerome is a man.)
  • Canis est animal domesticum. (A dog is a domestic animal.)

Here, "est" is used to simply state that Jerome is a man and that a dog is a domestic animal.

Using "Esse" to Show Existence[edit | edit source]

"Esse" can also be used to show the existence of something rather than identifying or describing it. In these cases, the verb is usually accompanied by an indirect question word or adverb, such as "ubi" (where), "quando" (when), or "num" (whether):

  • Ubi est turba? (Where is the crowd?)
  • Quando est cena? (When is the dinner?)
  • Num est Piso? (Is Piso here?)

Here, "est" is used to show that the crowd, the dinner, or Piso does indeed exist.

Using "Esse" to Express Possession[edit | edit source]

Another use of "esse" is to express possession, similar to the English "have" or "has":

  • Mihi est gremium plenum. (I have a lap full.)
  • Caesaris est dextra Veni Vidi Vici. (Caesar has the Victory sign.)

Here, "est" is used to express that the speaker possesses a full lap, and that Caesar has the famous Victory sign.

Using "Esse" to Form the Passive Voice[edit | edit source]

Finally, "esse" can be used to form the passive voice in Latin. In such cases, the verb is accompanied by a past participle:

  • Caesar ab Antonio occisus est. (Caesar was killed by Antony.)

Here, "est" is used to form the passive voice of the verb "occidere" (to kill), indicating that the subject (Caesar) received the action of the verb rather than performing it.

Dialogue[edit | edit source]

To see "esse" in context, let's read a dialogue:

  • Person 1: Suntne libri in mensa? (Are there any books on the table?)
  • Person 2: Quod non scio. (I don't know.)
  • Person 1: Num sunt in alia mensa? (Are they on another table?)
  • Person 2: Est in alcovia. (It's in the alcove.)

Here, we can see how "esse" is used to show the existence of books on the table and their location.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

"Esse" is a fundamental verb in Latin, and its uses are varied and numerous. By mastering its basic forms and various applications, you'll be able to construct more complex and nuanced sentences in no time! To improve your Latin Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Having concluded this lesson, consider checking out these related pages: Past Tense & Future Tense.


Retrieved from "https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Latin/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be&oldid=196039"