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[[File:Conditional Tense in Czech.png|alt=Conditional Mood in Czech|thumb|Conditional Mood in Czech]]
[[File:Conditional Tense in Czech.png|alt=Conditional Mood in Czech|thumb|Conditional Mood in Czech]]
<div style="font-size:300%;"> Conditional Mood</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">Czech Conditional Mood</div>
__TOC__


==The meaning of the conditional==


==FIRST PART==
The conditional mood (kondicionál or podmiňovací způsob) expresses wish and desire, hypotheticality, uncertainty. It is usually translated into English as would (or could), and is commonly used with If… constructions that are contrary-to-fact (irreal).


1) Kdybysme měli 10 milionů dolarů, nepracovali bysme. If we had 10 million dollars, we wouldn’t work.


<code>Write ¨KDYBY (Conjugated) ¨ + the verb in the example<code>
2) Chtěla bys bydlet v České Republice? Would you like to live in the Czech Republic?


3) Kdybyste dostali letenku zdarma, kam byste se vydali? If you got a plane ticket for free, where would you head off to?


4) Chtěla by dítě. She would like a child.


==SECOND PART==
5) Proč bys nechtěl být učitelem? Why wouldn’t you want to be a teacher?


6) Bylo by fantastické, kdybychom zrušili všechny zkoušky. It would be fantastic if we were to cancel all exams.


'''Write the verb in the example in the past + the word ¨BYCH¨ conjugated'''
7) Kdyby volili jen vojáci, náš kandidát by drtivě zvítězil. If only soldiers could vote, our candidate would win convincingly.
 
Note that the Czech conditional can be translated into English variously. In (7), for example, the phrase Kdyby volili jen vojáci… could also have been translated into English as If only soldiers voted….
 
==The formation of the Czech conditional: the basics==
 
The conditional is formed from the past tense of the main verb (the so-called lparticiple: měli, chtěla, dostali, vydali…) in combination with a conditional auxiliary. Just like in past tense of the indicative, the l-participle agrees in person, gender, and number. Negative conditionals are conveyed by negating the l-participle (nepracovali in (1) and nechtěl in (5) above). Aspect is active so both imperfective and perfective verbs can be used as required by the sense: in (7) above, volili is imperfective (voting as an activity or possibility engaged in by people now and in the future), but zvítězil is perfective (one specific candidate would win in a given election).
 
Like the past-tense auxiliary (forms of the verb být) the conditional auxiliary changes for person and number and generally must occupy the second-position its clause. Unlike the past-tense auxiliary, there is a conditional auxiliary form for the third-person singular and plural (by).
 
===Forms of the conditional auxiliary===
 
*já: bych* * A substandard variant for bych is bysem (cf. jsem)
*ty: bys
*on/ona/ono: by
*my: bychom (literary) / bysme (spoken)
*vy: byste
*oni/ony/ona: by
 
(10) Rád bych šel do kina. I’d gladly go to the movies.
 
(11) Nechtěla bys být svobodná? Wouldn’t you like to be single?
 
(12) Jel by s námi, kdyby měl čas. He would go with us if he had time.
 
(13) Co kdybysme šli spát? What if we went to sleep?
 
(14) Kdybyste mi jen věřili! If only you believed me!
 
(15) Kdyby zdi mohly mluvit. If walls could talk.
 
When the verb is reflexive — has a se or si — and is combined with the conditional auxiliary bys, the forms by ses and by sis result.
 
(16) Být Davidem, co by sis koupil? If you were David, what would you buy yourself?
 
(17) Koho by ses zeptal na českou gramatiku? Who would you ask about Czech grammar?
 
==Examples==


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!'''FIRST PART'''
!'''FIRST PART'''
!'''SECOND PART'''
!'''SECOND PART'''
|-
|
|
|-
|-
|'''KDYBYCH MĚL (M)'''
|'''KDYBYCH MĚL (M)'''
Line 31: Line 71:


'''IF I HAD'''
'''IF I HAD'''
'''SE EU TIVESSE'''
'''SE EU TIVESSE'''
|'''KUPOVAL BYCH (M)'''
|'''KUPOVAL BYCH (M)'''


Line 42: Line 78:


'''I WOULD  BUY'''
'''I WOULD  BUY'''
'''EU COMPRARIA'''
'''EU COMPRARIA'''
|-
|-
|'''KDYBYS MĚL (M)'''
|'''KDYBYS MĚL (M)'''
Line 54: Line 86:


'''IF YOU HAD'''
'''IF YOU HAD'''
'''SE VOCÊ TIVESSE'''
'''SE VOCÊ TIVESSE'''
|'''KUPOVAL BIS (M)'''
|'''KUPOVAL BIS (M)'''


Line 65: Line 93:


'''YOU WOULD BUY'''
'''YOU WOULD BUY'''
'''VOCÊ COMPRARIA'''
'''VOCÊ COMPRARIA'''
|-
|-
|'''KDYBY MĚL'''  
|'''KDYBY MĚL'''  
Line 76: Line 100:


'''IF SHE HAD'''
'''IF SHE HAD'''
'''SE ELE TIVESSE'''
'''SE ELA TIVESSE'''
|'''KUPOVAL BY'''
|'''KUPOVAL BY'''
'''KUPOVALA BY'''  
'''KUPOVALA BY'''  
Line 86: Line 106:


'''SHE WOULD BUY'''
'''SHE WOULD BUY'''
'''ELE COMPRARIA'''
'''ELA COMPRARIA'''
|-
|-
|'''KDYBYCHOM MĚLI (M)'''
|'''KDYBYCHOM MĚLI (M)'''
'''KDYBYCHOM MĚLY''' '''(F)'''
'''KDYBYCHOM MĚLY''' '''(F)'''
'''IF WE HAD'''
'''IF WE HAD'''
'''SE NÓS TIVÉSSEMOS'''
|'''KUPOVALI BYCHOM''' '''(M)'''
|'''KUPOVALI BYCHOM''' '''(M)'''
'''KUPOVALY BYCHOM (F)'''
'''KUPOVALY BYCHOM (F)'''


'''WE WOULD BUY'''
'''WE WOULD BUY'''
'''NÓS COMPRARÍAMOS'''
|-
|-
|'''KDYBYSTE MĚLI  (M)'''
|'''KDYBYSTE MĚLI  (M)'''
'''KDYBYSTE MĚLY (F)'''
'''KDYBYSTE MĚLY (F)'''
'''IF YOU HAD (PL)'''
'''IF YOU HAD (PL)'''


'''SE VOCÊS TIVESSEM'''
|'''KUPOVALI BYSTE (M)'''
|'''KUPOVALI BYSTE (M)'''
'''KUPOVALY BYSTE''' '''(F)'''
'''KUPOVALY BYSTE''' '''(F)'''
'''YOU WOULD BUY (PL)'''
'''YOU WOULD BUY (PL)'''
'''VOCÊS COMPRARIAM'''
|-
|-
|'''KDYBY MĚLI (M)'''
|'''KDYBY MĚLI (M)'''
Line 120: Line 132:


'''IF THEY HAD'''
'''IF THEY HAD'''
'''SE ELES TIVESSEM'''
'''SE ELAS TIVESSEM'''
|'''KUPOVALI BY'''
|'''KUPOVALI BY'''
'''KUPOVALY BY'''
'''KUPOVALY BY'''
Line 130: Line 138:


'''THEY WOULD BUY (F)'''
'''THEY WOULD BUY (F)'''
'''ELES COMPRARIAM'''
'''ELAS COMPRARIAM'''
|}
|}
==EXAMPLE==


==Source==
http://cokdybysme.net/pdfs/conditionalcz1108.pdf


http://utkl.ff.cuni.cz/~rosen/public/GGG/Czech_essent_grammar.pdf


'''IF I HAD MONEY, I WOULD BUY A NEW CAR'''
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Czech/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
* [[Language/Czech/Grammar/Verb-There-to-be-in-Czech|Verb There to be in Czech]]
* [[Language/Czech/Grammar/Dative-Case-in-Czech|Dative Case in Czech]]
* [[Language/Czech/Grammar/Comaratives-and-Superlatives|Comaratives and Superlatives]]
* [[Language/Czech/Grammar/Present-Continuous-in-Czech|Present Continuous in Czech]]
* [[Language/Czech/Grammar/Verbs|Verbs]]
* [[Language/Czech/Grammar/Modal-Verb-(Must)-in-Czech|Modal Verb (Must) in Czech]]
* [[Language/Czech/Grammar/Prepositions|Prepositions]]
* [[Language/Czech/Grammar/Verb-to-be-with-names-and-places|Verb to be with names and places]]
* [[Language/Czech/Grammar/Accusative-Case-in-Czech|Accusative Case in Czech]]
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 23:13, 26 March 2023

Conditional Mood in Czech
Conditional Mood in Czech
Czech Conditional Mood

The meaning of the conditional[edit | edit source]

The conditional mood (kondicionál or podmiňovací způsob) expresses wish and desire, hypotheticality, uncertainty. It is usually translated into English as would (or could), and is commonly used with If… constructions that are contrary-to-fact (irreal).

1) Kdybysme měli 10 milionů dolarů, nepracovali bysme. If we had 10 million dollars, we wouldn’t work.

2) Chtěla bys bydlet v České Republice? Would you like to live in the Czech Republic?

3) Kdybyste dostali letenku zdarma, kam byste se vydali? If you got a plane ticket for free, where would you head off to?

4) Chtěla by dítě. She would like a child.

5) Proč bys nechtěl být učitelem? Why wouldn’t you want to be a teacher?

6) Bylo by fantastické, kdybychom zrušili všechny zkoušky. It would be fantastic if we were to cancel all exams.

7) Kdyby volili jen vojáci, náš kandidát by drtivě zvítězil. If only soldiers could vote, our candidate would win convincingly.

Note that the Czech conditional can be translated into English variously. In (7), for example, the phrase Kdyby volili jen vojáci… could also have been translated into English as If only soldiers voted….

The formation of the Czech conditional: the basics[edit | edit source]

The conditional is formed from the past tense of the main verb (the so-called lparticiple: měli, chtěla, dostali, vydali…) in combination with a conditional auxiliary. Just like in past tense of the indicative, the l-participle agrees in person, gender, and number. Negative conditionals are conveyed by negating the l-participle (nepracovali in (1) and nechtěl in (5) above). Aspect is active so both imperfective and perfective verbs can be used as required by the sense: in (7) above, volili is imperfective (voting as an activity or possibility engaged in by people now and in the future), but zvítězil is perfective (one specific candidate would win in a given election).

Like the past-tense auxiliary (forms of the verb být) the conditional auxiliary changes for person and number and generally must occupy the second-position its clause. Unlike the past-tense auxiliary, there is a conditional auxiliary form for the third-person singular and plural (by).

Forms of the conditional auxiliary[edit | edit source]

  • já: bych* * A substandard variant for bych is bysem (cf. jsem)
  • ty: bys
  • on/ona/ono: by
  • my: bychom (literary) / bysme (spoken)
  • vy: byste
  • oni/ony/ona: by

(10) Rád bych šel do kina. I’d gladly go to the movies.

(11) Nechtěla bys být svobodná? Wouldn’t you like to be single?

(12) Jel by s námi, kdyby měl čas. He would go with us if he had time.

(13) Co kdybysme šli spát? What if we went to sleep?

(14) Kdybyste mi jen věřili! If only you believed me!

(15) Kdyby zdi mohly mluvit. If walls could talk.

When the verb is reflexive — has a se or si — and is combined with the conditional auxiliary bys, the forms by ses and by sis result.

(16) Být Davidem, co by sis koupil? If you were David, what would you buy yourself?

(17) Koho by ses zeptal na českou gramatiku? Who would you ask about Czech grammar?

Examples[edit | edit source]

FIRST PART SECOND PART
KDYBYCH MĚL (M)

KDYBYCH MĚLA (F)

IF I HAD

IF I HAD

KUPOVAL BYCH (M)

KUPOVALA BYCH (F)

I WOULD  BUY

I WOULD  BUY

KDYBYS MĚL (M)

KDYBYS MĚLA (F)

IF YOU HAD

IF YOU HAD

KUPOVAL BIS (M)

KUPOVALA BIS (F)

YOU WOULD BUY

YOU WOULD BUY

KDYBY MĚL

KDYBY MĚLA

IF HE HAD

IF SHE HAD

KUPOVAL BY

KUPOVALA BY

HE WOULD BUY

SHE WOULD BUY

KDYBYCHOM MĚLI (M)

KDYBYCHOM MĚLY (F)

IF WE HAD

KUPOVALI BYCHOM (M)

KUPOVALY BYCHOM (F)

WE WOULD BUY

KDYBYSTE MĚLI (M)

KDYBYSTE MĚLY (F)

IF YOU HAD (PL)

KUPOVALI BYSTE (M)

KUPOVALY BYSTE (F)

YOU WOULD BUY (PL)

KDYBY MĚLI (M)

KDYBY MĚLY (F)

IF THEY HAD

IF THEY HAD

KUPOVALI BY

KUPOVALY BY

THEY WOULD BUY (M)

THEY WOULD BUY (F)

Source[edit | edit source]

http://cokdybysme.net/pdfs/conditionalcz1108.pdf

http://utkl.ff.cuni.cz/~rosen/public/GGG/Czech_essent_grammar.pdf

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

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