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[[File:Egyptian Arabic - Adjectives.png|alt=Egyptian Arabic / Adjectives|thumb|Egyptian Arabic / Adjectives]]
<div class="pg_page_title">ADJECTIVES IN EGYPTIAN ARABIC</div>
[[File:Egyptian Arabic - Adjectives.png|alt=Egyptian Arabic / Adjectives|thumb]]
Hi Egyptian Arabic Learners! 😃


ADJECTIVES IN EGYPTIAN ARABIC
In today's lesson we will learn how to use adjectives.


Qualities are written after the nouns
Happy learning!
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
اسم الفاعل (the active participle) acts as an adjective.
* هو نايم (howwa naayim)
<blockquote>He is sleeping.</blockquote>
* الفيلم ده مملّ (il-film da mumill)
<blockquote>This movie is boring.</blockquote>
* كتاب كويس (kitaab kwayyis)
<blockquote>a good book</blockquote>
* الست اللي واقفة هناك (is-sitt illi wa'fa hnaak)
<blockquote>the woman who is standing there</blockquote>
Take a moment to explore these relevant pages as you conclude this lesson: [[Language/Egyptian-arabic/Grammar|Egyptian-arabic Grammar]], [[Language/Egyptian-arabic/Grammar/How-to-use-the-modal-verb-Must|How to use the modal verb Must]], [[Language/Egyptian-arabic/Grammar/Adverbs-of-Time-and-Frequency|Adverbs of Time and Frequency]] & [[Language/Egyptian-arabic/Grammar/Reflexive-Pronouns|Reflexive Pronouns]].
== Basic Egyptian Arabic Adjectives ==
Here are some common adjectives:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|'''<big>Masc. Sing.</big>'''
!'''English'''
|'''<big>Fem. Sing.</big>'''
!'''Egyptian Arabic Writing'''
|'''<big>Masc. Plur.</big>'''
!'''Egyptian Arabic Pronunciation'''
|'''<big>Fem. Plur.</big>'''
|-
|good
|كويس
|kwayyis
|-
|-
|'''<big>ازرق</big>'''
|bad
|'''<big>زرقاء</big>'''
|وحش
|'''<big>ازرق</big>'''
|weHiš
|'''<big>زرقاء</big>'''
|-
|-
|'''''azira`'''''
|easy
|'''''zarq`a'''''
|سهل
|'''''azira`'''''
|sahl
|'''''zarq`a'''''
|-
|-
|'''BLUE'''
|hard, difficult
|'''BLUE'''
|صعب
|'''BLUE'''
|Sa3b
|'''BLUE'''
|-
|-
|'''<big>اصفر</big>'''
|small
|'''<big>صفراء</big>'''
|صغير (ج) صغار
|'''<big>اصفر</big>'''
|Soġayyar (pl.) Suġaar
|'''<big>صفراء</big>'''
|-
|-
|'''''aSâfar'''''
|big
|'''''Sâfra'''''
|كبير (ج) كبار
|'''''aSâfar'''''
|kibiir (pl.) kobaar
|'''''Sâfra'''''
|-
|-
|'''YELLOW'''
|smart
|'''YELLOW'''
|ذكي (ج) أذكياء
|'''YELLOW'''
|zaki (pl.) azkiya
|'''YELLOW'''
|-
|-
|'''<big>طويل</big>'''
|stupid
|'''<big>طويلة</big>'''
|غبي (ج) أغبياء
|'''<big>طوال</big>'''
|ġabi (pl.) aġbiya
|'''<big>طوال</big>'''
|-
|-
|'''''Táuiil'''''
|rich
|'''''Táuuiila'''''
|غني (ج) أغنياء
|'''''Táuuaal'''''
|ġani (pl.) aġniya
|'''''Tàuuaal'''''
|-
|-
|'''TALL'''
|poor
|'''TALL'''
|فقير (ج) فقراء
|'''TALL'''
|fa'iir (pl.) fu'ra
|'''TALL'''
|-
|clean
|نضيف (ج) نضاف
|naDiif (pl.) nuDaaf
|-
|dirty
|وسخ
|wisix
|-
 
|heavy
|ثقيل
|ti'iil
|-
|light
|خفيف
|xafiif
|}
 
== Gender and number inflections in Egyptian Arabic ==
As with nouns, to make adjectives feminine or plural you usually add a suffix: <code>ـة (-a)</code> for the feminine form, <code>ـين (-iin)</code> for the regular plural form.
 
However, many adjectives don't have regular plural forms, so for those you need to memorize the broken plurals.
 
The first half of the above list is made up of adjectives with broken plurals.
 
See also the following examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
!
!'''Singular Masculine'''
!'''Singular Feminine'''
!'''Plural'''
|-
|-
|'''<big>مفتوح</big>'''
|poor
|'''<big>مفتوحة</big>'''
|فقير (fa'iir)
|'''<big>مفتوحين</big>'''
|فقيرة (fa'iira)
|'''<big>مفتوحات</big>'''
|فقراء (fu'ra)
|-
|-
|'''''maftuuH'''''
|big
|'''''maftuuHa'''''
|كبير (kibiir)
|'''''maftuuHiin'''''
|كبيرة (kibiira)
|'''''maftuuHaat'''''
|كبار (kobaar)
|}
Here's a regular adjective:
{| class="wikitable"
!
!'''Singular masculine'''
!'''Singular feminine'''
!'''Plural'''
|-
|-
|'''OPEN'''
|good
|'''OPEN'''
|كويس (kwayyis)
|'''OPEN'''
|كويسة (kwayyesa)
|'''OPEN'''
|كويسين (kwayyisiin)
|}
 
Note: If an adjective ends with <code>ـي (-i)</code> and it is not of the form <code>فاعل (faa3il)</code>, when you add the suffixes <code>ـة</code> and <code>ـين</code> to make it feminine / plural, you must insert a <code>yy</code> between the adjective and the suffix.
 
{| class="wikitable"
!
!'''Singular masculine'''
!'''Singular feminine'''
!'''Plural'''
|-
|-
|'''<big>جميل</big>'''
|smart
|'''<big>جميلة</big>'''
|ذكي (zaki)
|'''<big>جميلين</big>'''
|ذكية (zakeyya)
|'''<big>جميلات</big>'''
|أذكياء (azkiya)
|-
|-
|'''''gamiil'''''
|stupid
|'''''gamiila'''''
|غبي (ġabi)
|'''''gamiiliin'''''
|غبية (ġabeyya)
|'''''gamiilaat'''''
|أغبياء (aġbiya)
|-
|-
|'''BEAUTIFUL'''
|Egyptian*
|'''BEAUTIFUL'''
|مصري (maSri)
|'''BEAUTIFUL'''
|مصرية (maSreyya)
|'''BEAUTIFUL'''
|مصريين (maSriyyiin)
|}
 
=== Examples: Color Adjectives in Egyptian Arabic (Singular/Plural and Masculine/Feminine) ===
* Qualities are written after the nouns
{| class="wikitable"
!'''Number'''
! colspan="2" |'''Singular'''
! colspan="2" |'''Plural'''
|-
|-
!'''MASCULINE'''
!'''Gender'''
!'''FEMININE'''
!'''Masculine'''
!'''Feminine'''
!'''Masculine'''
!'''Feminine'''
|-
|-
|'''AMERICAN'''
!Arabic
|'''AMERICAN'''
|ازرق
|زرقاء
|ازرق
|زرقاء
|-
|-
|'''<big>أمريكي</big>'''
!Pronunciation
|'''<big>أمريكية</big>'''
|''azira`''
|''zarq`a''
|''azira`''
|''zarq`a''
|-
|-
|'''a mi ri ca nii'''
!English
|'''a mi ri ca niia'''
|BLUE
|BLUE
|BLUE
|BLUE
|-
|-
!'''MASCULINE'''
!Arabic
!'''FEMININE'''
|اصفر
|صفراء
|اصفر
|صفراء
|-
|-
|'''ARABIC'''
!Pronunciation
|'''ARABIC'''
|''aSâfar''
|''Sâfra''
|''aSâfar''
|''Sâfra''
|-
|-
|'''<big>عربي</big>'''
!English
|'''<big>عربية</big>'''
|YELLOW
|YELLOW
|YELLOW
|YELLOW
|-
|-
|'''a ra bii'''
!Arabic
|'''a ra biia'''
|طويل
|طويلة
|طوال
|طوال
|-
|-
!'''MASCULINE'''
!Pronunciation
!'''FEMININE'''
|''Táuiil''
|''Táuuiila''
|''Táuuaal''
|''Tàuuaal''
|-
|-
|'''EGYPTIAN'''
!English
|'''EGYPTIAN'''
|TALL
|TALL
|TALL
|TALL
|-
|-
|'''<big>مصري</big>'''
!Arabic
|'''<big>مصرية</big>'''
|مفتوح
|مفتوحة
|مفتوحين
|مفتوحات
|-
|-
|'''ma Sâ rii'''
!Pronunciation
|'''ma Sâ riia'''
|''maftuuH''
|''maftuuHa''
|''maftuuHiin''
|''maftuuHaat''
|-
|-
!'''MASCULINE'''
!English
!'''FEMININE'''
|OPEN
|OPEN
|OPEN
|OPEN
|-
|-
|'''ENGLISH'''
!Arabic
|'''ENGLISH'''
|جميل
|جميلة
|جميلين
|جميلات
|-
|-
|'''<big>إنجليزي</big>'''
!Pronunciation
|'''<big>إنجليزية</big>'''
|''gamiil''
|''gamiila''
|''gamiiliin''
|''gamiilaat''
|-
|-
|'''in gli zii'''
!English
|'''in gli zya'''
|BEAUTIFUL
|BEAUTIFUL
|BEAUTIFUL
|BEAUTIFUL
|}
|}


===Examples: Adjectives of Nationality in Egyptian Arabic (Masculine and Feminine)===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!MASCULINE
!FEMININE
|-
!English
|AMERICAN
|AMERICAN
|-
!Arabic
|أمريكي
|أمريكية
|-
!Pronunciation
|a mi ri ca nii
|a mi ri ca niia
|-
!English
|ARABIC
|ARABIC
|-
!Arabic
|عربي
|عربية
|-
!Pronunciation
|a ra bii
|a ra biia
|-
!English
|EGYPTIAN
|EGYPTIAN
|-
!Arabic
|مصري
|مصرية
|-
!Pronunciation
|ma Sâ rii
|ma Sâ riia
|-
!English
|ENGLISH
|ENGLISH
|-
!Arabic
|إنجليزي
|إنجليزية
|-
!Pronunciation
|in gli zii
|in gli zya
|}


THE  WORD ( ´AWEE) (VERY)  WITH  AN  ADJECTIVE
== Agreement of adjectives in Egyptian Arabic ==
In English, adjectives are placed just before the noun they describe. In Arabic, on the contrary, adjectives always directly follow the noun they modify. In addition, adjectives and nouns must always match in a definite way (they must be both definite or both undefined).


This word always follows the adjective
=== Adjectives + singular nouns in Egyptian Arabic ===
A singular noun is modified by a singular adjective of the same gender, as shown in the examples below:
* بنت هادية (bint hadya)
<blockquote>a quiet girl - lit. "girl quiet"</blockquote>
* المدرس الجديد (il-mudarris il-gediid)
<blockquote>the new teacher - lit. "the-teacher the-new"</blockquote>


=== Adjectives + dual nouns in Egyptian Arabic ===
A dual noun must be modified by a plural adjective:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!'''<big>الشارع ده  طويل قوي</big>'''
|Egyptian Arabic
|English
|-
|-
|'''ich- chéerya dii tauiila  auii'''
|ولدين مصريين (waladein maSriyyiin)
|two Egyptian boys
|-
|-
|'''THIS  STREET  IS  VERY  LONG'''
|كتابين  غاليين (kitaabein ġalyiin)
|two  expensive books
|-
|بنتين  سوريين (bintein suriyyiin)
|two  Syrian girls
|-
|عربيتين  جداد (3arabiyyatein gudaad)
|two  new cars
|}
 
=== Adjectives + human plural nouns in Egyptian Arabic ===
Human plural nouns, masculine or feminine, are usually modified by masculine plural adjectives.
* أولاد كبار (awlaad kobaar)
<blockquote>big boys</blockquote>
* بنات صغار (banaat Soġaar)
<blockquote>small girls</blockquote>
 
=== Adjectives + non-human plural nouns in Egyptian Arabic ===
Non-human plural nouns are modified by feminine singular adjectives. This is confusing at first, but you get used to it fast!
* عربيات قديمة (3arabiyyaat 'adiima)
<blockquote>old cars</blockquote>
* دول متقدمة (dowal mit'addima)
<blockquote>advanced countries</blockquote>
* أفلام جديدة (aflaam gediida)
<blockquote>new movies</blockquote>
 
=== Adjectival expressions in Egyptian Arabic ===
NB: Many beginning students are confused about adjectival expressions and whether or not they may be full sentences. Look at these examples:
* التلميذ الشاطر (it-tilmiiz iš-šaaTir)
<blockquote>A phrase/sentence fragment: "The smart student." (Lit. "the-student the-smart.")</blockquote>
* التلميذ شاطر (it-tilmiiz šaaTir)
<blockquote>A complete simple sentence: "The student is smart." (Lit. "The-student smart.")</blockquote>
* تلميذ شاطر (tilmiiz šaaTir)
<blockquote>A phrase/sentence fragment: "A smart student." (Lit. "student smart.")</blockquote>
 
=="´AWEE"  (very)  + Adjective in Egyptian Arabic==
THE  WORD "´AWEE" (VERY)  WITH  AN  ADJECTIVE. This word always follows the adjective:
 
{| class="wikitable"
|Arabic
|الشارع  ده  طويل قوي
|-
|Pronunciation
|ich- chéerya  dii  tauiila  auii
|-
|English
|THIS  STREET  IS  VERY  LONG
|}
|}
==Sources==
* https://arabic.desert-sky.net/g_adj.html
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Egyptian-arabic/Grammar/Questions-Words|Questions Words]]
* [[Language/Egyptian-arabic/Grammar/Use-"بقدر"-(can)|Use "بقدر" (can)]]
* [[Language/Egyptian-arabic/Grammar/Present-continuous|Present continuous]]
* [[Language/Egyptian-arabic/Grammar/Prepositions|Prepositions]]
* [[Language/Egyptian-arabic/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
* [[Language/Egyptian-arabic/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/Egyptian-arabic/Grammar/Possession|Possession]]
* [[Language/Egyptian-arabic/Grammar/Comparatives-and-Superlatives|Comparatives and Superlatives]]
* [[Language/Egyptian-arabic/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Egyptian-arabic/Grammar/Plural|Plural]]
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 23:07, 26 March 2023

ADJECTIVES IN EGYPTIAN ARABIC
Egyptian Arabic / Adjectives

Hi Egyptian Arabic Learners! 😃

In today's lesson we will learn how to use adjectives.

Happy learning!

Introduction[edit | edit source]

اسم الفاعل (the active participle) acts as an adjective.

  • هو نايم (howwa naayim)

He is sleeping.

  • الفيلم ده مملّ (il-film da mumill)

This movie is boring.

  • كتاب كويس (kitaab kwayyis)

a good book

  • الست اللي واقفة هناك (is-sitt illi wa'fa hnaak)

the woman who is standing there

Take a moment to explore these relevant pages as you conclude this lesson: Egyptian-arabic Grammar, How to use the modal verb Must, Adverbs of Time and Frequency & Reflexive Pronouns.

Basic Egyptian Arabic Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Here are some common adjectives:

English Egyptian Arabic Writing Egyptian Arabic Pronunciation
good كويس kwayyis
bad وحش weHiš
easy سهل sahl
hard, difficult صعب Sa3b
small صغير (ج) صغار Soġayyar (pl.) Suġaar
big كبير (ج) كبار kibiir (pl.) kobaar
smart ذكي (ج) أذكياء zaki (pl.) azkiya
stupid غبي (ج) أغبياء ġabi (pl.) aġbiya
rich غني (ج) أغنياء ġani (pl.) aġniya
poor فقير (ج) فقراء fa'iir (pl.) fu'ra
clean نضيف (ج) نضاف naDiif (pl.) nuDaaf
dirty وسخ wisix
heavy ثقيل ti'iil
light خفيف xafiif

Gender and number inflections in Egyptian Arabic[edit | edit source]

As with nouns, to make adjectives feminine or plural you usually add a suffix: ـة (-a) for the feminine form, ـين (-iin) for the regular plural form.

However, many adjectives don't have regular plural forms, so for those you need to memorize the broken plurals.

The first half of the above list is made up of adjectives with broken plurals.

See also the following examples:

Singular Masculine Singular Feminine Plural
poor فقير (fa'iir) فقيرة (fa'iira) فقراء (fu'ra)
big كبير (kibiir) كبيرة (kibiira) كبار (kobaar)

Here's a regular adjective:

Singular masculine Singular feminine Plural
good كويس (kwayyis) كويسة (kwayyesa) كويسين (kwayyisiin)

Note: If an adjective ends with ـي (-i) and it is not of the form فاعل (faa3il), when you add the suffixes ـة and ـين to make it feminine / plural, you must insert a yy between the adjective and the suffix.

Singular masculine Singular feminine Plural
smart ذكي (zaki) ذكية (zakeyya) أذكياء (azkiya)
stupid غبي (ġabi) غبية (ġabeyya) أغبياء (aġbiya)
Egyptian* مصري (maSri) مصرية (maSreyya) مصريين (maSriyyiin)

Examples: Color Adjectives in Egyptian Arabic (Singular/Plural and Masculine/Feminine)[edit | edit source]

  • Qualities are written after the nouns
Number Singular Plural
Gender Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
Arabic ازرق زرقاء ازرق زرقاء
Pronunciation azira` zarq`a azira` zarq`a
English BLUE BLUE BLUE BLUE
Arabic اصفر صفراء اصفر صفراء
Pronunciation aSâfar Sâfra aSâfar Sâfra
English YELLOW YELLOW YELLOW YELLOW
Arabic طويل طويلة طوال طوال
Pronunciation Táuiil Táuuiila Táuuaal Tàuuaal
English TALL TALL TALL TALL
Arabic مفتوح مفتوحة مفتوحين مفتوحات
Pronunciation maftuuH maftuuHa maftuuHiin maftuuHaat
English OPEN OPEN OPEN OPEN
Arabic جميل جميلة جميلين جميلات
Pronunciation gamiil gamiila gamiiliin gamiilaat
English BEAUTIFUL BEAUTIFUL BEAUTIFUL BEAUTIFUL

Examples: Adjectives of Nationality in Egyptian Arabic (Masculine and Feminine)[edit | edit source]

MASCULINE FEMININE
English AMERICAN AMERICAN
Arabic أمريكي أمريكية
Pronunciation a mi ri ca nii a mi ri ca niia
English ARABIC ARABIC
Arabic عربي عربية
Pronunciation a ra bii a ra biia
English EGYPTIAN EGYPTIAN
Arabic مصري مصرية
Pronunciation ma Sâ rii ma Sâ riia
English ENGLISH ENGLISH
Arabic إنجليزي إنجليزية
Pronunciation in gli zii in gli zya

Agreement of adjectives in Egyptian Arabic[edit | edit source]

In English, adjectives are placed just before the noun they describe. In Arabic, on the contrary, adjectives always directly follow the noun they modify. In addition, adjectives and nouns must always match in a definite way (they must be both definite or both undefined).

Adjectives + singular nouns in Egyptian Arabic[edit | edit source]

A singular noun is modified by a singular adjective of the same gender, as shown in the examples below:

  • بنت هادية (bint hadya)

a quiet girl - lit. "girl quiet"

  • المدرس الجديد (il-mudarris il-gediid)

the new teacher - lit. "the-teacher the-new"

Adjectives + dual nouns in Egyptian Arabic[edit | edit source]

A dual noun must be modified by a plural adjective:

Egyptian Arabic English
ولدين مصريين (waladein maSriyyiin) two Egyptian boys
كتابين غاليين (kitaabein ġalyiin) two expensive books
بنتين سوريين (bintein suriyyiin) two Syrian girls
عربيتين جداد (3arabiyyatein gudaad) two new cars

Adjectives + human plural nouns in Egyptian Arabic[edit | edit source]

Human plural nouns, masculine or feminine, are usually modified by masculine plural adjectives.

  • أولاد كبار (awlaad kobaar)

big boys

  • بنات صغار (banaat Soġaar)

small girls

Adjectives + non-human plural nouns in Egyptian Arabic[edit | edit source]

Non-human plural nouns are modified by feminine singular adjectives. This is confusing at first, but you get used to it fast!

  • عربيات قديمة (3arabiyyaat 'adiima)

old cars

  • دول متقدمة (dowal mit'addima)

advanced countries

  • أفلام جديدة (aflaam gediida)

new movies

Adjectival expressions in Egyptian Arabic[edit | edit source]

NB: Many beginning students are confused about adjectival expressions and whether or not they may be full sentences. Look at these examples:

  • التلميذ الشاطر (it-tilmiiz iš-šaaTir)

A phrase/sentence fragment: "The smart student." (Lit. "the-student the-smart.")

  • التلميذ شاطر (it-tilmiiz šaaTir)

A complete simple sentence: "The student is smart." (Lit. "The-student smart.")

  • تلميذ شاطر (tilmiiz šaaTir)

A phrase/sentence fragment: "A smart student." (Lit. "student smart.")

"´AWEE" (very) + Adjective in Egyptian Arabic[edit | edit source]

THE WORD "´AWEE" (VERY) WITH AN ADJECTIVE. This word always follows the adjective:

Arabic الشارع ده طويل قوي
Pronunciation ich- chéerya dii tauiila auii
English THIS STREET IS VERY LONG

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

Retrieved from "https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Egyptian-arabic/Grammar/Adjectives&oldid=193808"