Difference between revisions of "Language/Halh-mongolian/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation"

From Polyglot Club WIKI
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(Created page with "{| class="wikitable" |+Cyrillic !Letter |А а |Б б |В в |Г г |Д д |Е е |Ё ё |Ж ж |З з |И и |Й й |К к |Л л |М м |Н н |О о |Ө ө |П п |Р р |...")
 
m (Quick edit)
 
(15 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
<div class="pg_page_title">Mongolian Alphabets</div>
[[File:mongolia.png|thumb]]
Сайн байна уу? 😃
➡ In today's lesson you will learn the Mogolian Alphabets and their pronounciation.
Happy learning!
As you wrap up this lesson, don't miss the chance to check out these topics: [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Vocabulary/Numbers|mongolian Vocabulary]].
__TOC__
==Alphabets==
===History===
A traditional Mongolian script that appeared between the ninth and tenth century and is based on the Uighur alphabet. Became official from the 12th century, then developed in 1648 by Zaya Bandida under a new name "tod" or "clear" writing in order to find a solution for letters which could have more than two possible tones.
A new alphabet called tod, or "clear writing," was developed in 1648 by and offered a variation on the Uighur script. This alphabet aims to structure one of the problems of Mongolian writing. Because a letter could have two or more possible tones. It was not until 1946 that the Mongolian language definitively and officially adopted the '''Cyrillic script'''.
Two alphabets are used in the Mongolian language. The first is Cyrillic and the other is in the '''traditional Mongolian alphabet'''. The former is used for the Khalka dialect of Mongolian, while the latter is used in Inner Mongolian.
===Cyrillic===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Cyrillic
!Letter
!Letter
!Name
!IPA
|-
|А а
|А а
|а
|a
|-
|Б б
|Б б
|бэ
|p, pʲ
|-
|В в
|В в
|вэ
|w̜, w̜ʲ
|-
|Г г
|Г г
|гэ
|ɡ, ɡʲ, ɢ
|-
|Д д
|Д д
|дэ
|t, tʲ
|-
|Е е
|Е е
|е
|ji~jɵ
|-
|Ё ё
|Ё ё
|ё
|jɔ
|-
|Ж ж
|Ж ж
|жэ
|tʃ
|-
|З з
|З з
|зэ
|ts
|-
|И и
|И и
|и
|i
|-
|Й й
|Й й
|хагас и
|i
|-
|К к
|К к
|ка
|kʰ, kʲʰ, x, xʲ
|-
|Л л
|Л л
|эл
|ɮ, ɮʲ
|-
|М м
|М м
|эм
|m, mʲ
|-
|Н н
|Н н
|эн
|n, nʲ, ŋ
|-
|О о
|О о
|о
|ɔ
|-
|Ө ө
|Ө ө
|ө
|ɵ~o
|-
|П п
|П п
|пэ
|pʰ, pʰʲ
|-
|Р р
|Р р
|эр
|r, rʲ
|-
|С с
|С с
|эс
|s
|-
|Т т
|Т т
|тэ
|tʰ, tʰʲ
|-
|У у
|У у
|у
|ʊ
|-
|Ү ү
|Ү ү
|ү
|u
|-
|Ф ф
|Ф ф
|фэ, фа, эф
|f, pʰ
|-
|Х х
|Х х
|хэ, ха
|x, xʲ
|-
|Ц ц
|Ц ц
|цэ
|tsʰ
|-
|Ч ч
|Ч ч
|чэ
|tʃʰ
|-
|Ш ш
|Ш ш
|ша, эш
|ʃ
|-
|Щ щ
|Щ щ
|ща, эшчэ
|(ʃt͡ʃ)
|-
|Ъ ъ
|Ъ ъ
|хатуугийн тэмдэг
| 
|-
|Ы ы
|Ы ы
|эр үгийн ы
|i
|-
|Ь ь
|Ь ь
|зөөлний тэмдэг
|ʲ
|-
|Э э
|Э э
|э
|e~i
|-
|Ю ю
|Ю ю
|ю
|jʊ, ju
|-
|Я я
|Я я
|я
|ja
|}
=== Traditional Monglolian Alphabet (Native Mongolian) ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" |Trans-literation
! colspan="2" |International Phonetic Alphabet
! colspan="3" |Contextual forms
! rowspan="2" |Letters
|-
|-
!Name
!Latin
!Cyrillic
!Khalkha
!Chakhar
!Final
!Medial
!Initial
|-
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
! 
|-
|a
|а
|а
|бэ
|/a/
|вэ
|/ɑ/
|гэ
|᠊ᠠ
|дэ
|᠊ᠠ᠊
|е
|ᠠ᠊
|ё
|ᠠ
|жэ
|-
|зэ
|e
|э
| colspan="2" |/ə/
|᠊ᠡ
|᠊ᠡ᠊
|ᠡ᠊
|ᠡ
|-
|i
|и
|и
|хагас и
|/i/
|ка
|/i/ or /ɪ/
|эл
|᠊ᠢ
|эм
|᠊ᠢ᠊
|эн
|ᠢ᠊
|ᠢ
|-
|o
|о
|о
| colspan="2" |/ɔ/
|᠊ᠣ
|᠊ᠣ᠊
|ᠣ᠊
|ᠣ
|-
|u
|у
| colspan="2" |/ʊ/
|᠊ᠤ
|‍᠊ᠤ᠊
|ᠤ᠊
|ᠤ
|-
|ö
|ө
|ө
|пэ
|/ɵ/
|эр
|/o/
|эс
|᠊ᠥ
|тэ
|᠊ᠥ᠊
|у
|ᠥ᠊
|ᠥ
|-
|ü
|ү
|ү
|фэ, фа, эф
| colspan="2" |/u/
|хэ, ха
|᠊ᠦ
|цэ
|᠊ᠦ᠊
|чэ
|ᠦ᠊
|ша, эш
|ᠦ
|ща, эшчэ
|-
|хатуугийн тэмдэг
! colspan="8" |
|эр үгийн ы
|-
|зөөлний тэмдэг
|n
|э
|н
|ю
| colspan="2" |/n/
|я
|᠊ᠨ
|᠊ᠨ᠊
|ᠨ᠊
|ᠨ
|-
|ng
|нг
| colspan="2" |/ŋ/
|᠊ᠩ
|᠊ᠩ᠊
|ᠩ᠊
|ᠩ
|-
|b
|б
|/p/ and /w/
|/b/
|᠊ᠪ
|᠊ᠪ᠊
|ᠪ᠊
|ᠪ
|-
|p
|п
|/pʰ/
|/p/
|᠊ᠫ
|᠊ᠫ᠊
|ᠫ᠊
|ᠫ
|-
|q
|х
| colspan="2" |/x/
|᠊ᠬ
|᠊ᠬ᠊
|ᠬ᠊
|ᠬ
|-
|γ
|г
|/ɢ/
|/ɣ/
|᠊ᠭ
|᠊ᠭ᠊
|ᠭ᠊
|ᠭ
|-
|m
|м
| colspan="2" |/m/
|᠊ᠮ
|᠊ᠮ᠊
|ᠮ᠊
|ᠮ
|-
|l
|л
|/ɮ/
|/l/
|᠊ᠯ
|᠊ᠯ᠊
|ᠯ᠊
|ᠯ
|-
|-
!IPA
|a
|p, pʲ
|w̜, w̜ʲ
|ɡ, ɡʲ, ɢ
|t, tʲ
|ji~jɵ
|jɔ
|tʃ
|ts
|i
|i
|kʰ, kʲʰ, x, xʲ
|ɮ, ɮʲ
|m, mʲ
|n, nʲ, ŋ
|ɔ
|ɵ~o
|pʰ, pʰʲ
|r, rʲ
|s
|s
|tʰ, tʰʲ
|с
|ʊ
| colspan="2" |/s/ or /ʃ/ before ''i''
|u
|᠊ᠰ
|f, pʰ
|᠊ᠰ᠊
|x, xʲ
|ᠰ᠊
|tsʰ
|ᠰ
|tʃʰ
|-
|ʃ
|š
|(ʃt͡ʃ)
|ш
|
| colspan="2" |/ʃ/
|i
|᠊ᠱ
|ʲ
|᠊ᠱ᠊
|e~i
|ᠱ᠊
|jʊ, ju
|ᠱ
|ja
|-
|t
|т
| colspan="2" |/t/
|᠊ᠲ
|᠊ᠲ᠊
|ᠲ᠊
|ᠲ
|-
|d
|д
|/t/ and /tʰ/
|/d/
|᠊ᠳ
|᠊ᠳ᠊
|ᠳ᠊
|ᠳ
|-
|č
|ч
|/t͡ʃʰ/ and /t͡sʰ/
|/t͡ʃ/
|᠊ᠴ
|᠊ᠴ᠊
|ᠴ᠊
|ᠴ
|-
|ǰ
|ж
|/d͡ʒ/ and d͡z
|/d͡ʒ/
|᠊ᠵ
|᠊ᠵ᠊
|ᠵ᠊
|ᠵ
|-
|y
|й
| colspan="2" |/j/
|᠊ᠶ
|᠊ᠶ᠊
|ᠶ᠊
|ᠶ
|-
|r
|р
| colspan="2" |/r/
|᠊ᠷ
|᠊ᠷ᠊
|ᠷ᠊
|ᠷ
|}
|}
==Videos==
===The Most Important Mongolian Pronunciation Rule===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBi8YXXzGFU</youtube>
===Learn Mongolian Alphabets===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8WNTyKsUkXw</youtube>
===Mongolian Alphabet Pronunciation (35 Letters)===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jh-EGGipcH8</youtube>
----
<youtube>Jh-EGGipcH8</youtube>
==Mongolian Online Virtual Keyboard==
__NOCACHE__
<include iframe="" src="https://polyglotclub.com/keyboard.php?souscat_url=halh-mongolian" height="600px" frameborder="0" scrolling="yes" />
[[Category:Alphabet-and-Pronunciation]]
==Sources==
* https://www.tradlibre.fr/histoire/histoire-de-la-langue-mongole
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 19:39, 26 March 2023

Mongolian Alphabets
Mongolia.png

Сайн байна уу? 😃

➡ In today's lesson you will learn the Mogolian Alphabets and their pronounciation.

Happy learning!

As you wrap up this lesson, don't miss the chance to check out these topics: mongolian Vocabulary.

Alphabets[edit | edit source]

History[edit | edit source]

A traditional Mongolian script that appeared between the ninth and tenth century and is based on the Uighur alphabet. Became official from the 12th century, then developed in 1648 by Zaya Bandida under a new name "tod" or "clear" writing in order to find a solution for letters which could have more than two possible tones.

A new alphabet called tod, or "clear writing," was developed in 1648 by and offered a variation on the Uighur script. This alphabet aims to structure one of the problems of Mongolian writing. Because a letter could have two or more possible tones. It was not until 1946 that the Mongolian language definitively and officially adopted the Cyrillic script.

Two alphabets are used in the Mongolian language. The first is Cyrillic and the other is in the traditional Mongolian alphabet. The former is used for the Khalka dialect of Mongolian, while the latter is used in Inner Mongolian.

Cyrillic[edit | edit source]

Letter Name IPA
А а а a
Б б бэ p, pʲ
В в вэ w̜, w̜ʲ
Г г гэ ɡ, ɡʲ, ɢ
Д д дэ t, tʲ
Е е е ji~jɵ
Ё ё ё jɔ
Ж ж жэ tʃ
З з зэ ts
И и и i
Й й хагас и i
К к ка kʰ, kʲʰ, x, xʲ
Л л эл ɮ, ɮʲ
М м эм m, mʲ
Н н эн n, nʲ, ŋ
О о о ɔ
Ө ө ө ɵ~o
П п пэ pʰ, pʰʲ
Р р эр r, rʲ
С с эс s
Т т тэ tʰ, tʰʲ
У у у ʊ
Ү ү ү u
Ф ф фэ, фа, эф f, pʰ
Х х хэ, ха x, xʲ
Ц ц цэ tsʰ
Ч ч чэ tʃʰ
Ш ш ша, эш ʃ
Щ щ ща, эшчэ (ʃt͡ʃ)
Ъ ъ хатуугийн тэмдэг  
Ы ы эр үгийн ы i
Ь ь зөөлний тэмдэг ʲ
Э э э e~i
Ю ю ю jʊ, ju
Я я я ja

Traditional Monglolian Alphabet (Native Mongolian)[edit | edit source]

Trans-literation International Phonetic Alphabet Contextual forms Letters
Latin Cyrillic Khalkha Chakhar Final Medial Initial
 
a а /a/ /ɑ/ ᠊ᠠ ᠊ᠠ᠊ ᠠ᠊ ᠠ
e э /ə/ ᠊ᠡ ᠊ᠡ᠊ ᠡ᠊ ᠡ
i и /i/ /i/ or /ɪ/ ᠊ᠢ ᠊ᠢ᠊ ᠢ᠊ ᠢ
o о /ɔ/ ᠊ᠣ ᠊ᠣ᠊ ᠣ᠊ ᠣ
u у /ʊ/ ᠊ᠤ ‍᠊ᠤ᠊ ᠤ᠊ ᠤ
ö ө /ɵ/ /o/ ᠊ᠥ ᠊ᠥ᠊ ᠥ᠊ ᠥ
ü ү /u/ ᠊ᠦ ᠊ᠦ᠊ ᠦ᠊ ᠦ
n н /n/ ᠊ᠨ ᠊ᠨ᠊ ᠨ᠊ ᠨ
ng нг /ŋ/ ᠊ᠩ ᠊ᠩ᠊ ᠩ᠊ ᠩ
b б /p/ and /w/ /b/ ᠊ᠪ ᠊ᠪ᠊ ᠪ᠊ ᠪ
p п /pʰ/ /p/ ᠊ᠫ ᠊ᠫ᠊ ᠫ᠊ ᠫ
q х /x/ ᠊ᠬ ᠊ᠬ᠊ ᠬ᠊ ᠬ
γ г /ɢ/ /ɣ/ ᠊ᠭ ᠊ᠭ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ᠭ
m м /m/ ᠊ᠮ ᠊ᠮ᠊ ᠮ᠊ ᠮ
l л /ɮ/ /l/ ᠊ᠯ ᠊ᠯ᠊ ᠯ᠊ ᠯ
s с /s/ or /ʃ/ before i ᠊ᠰ ᠊ᠰ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠰ
š ш /ʃ/ ᠊ᠱ ᠊ᠱ᠊ ᠱ᠊ ᠱ
t т /t/ ᠊ᠲ ᠊ᠲ᠊ ᠲ᠊ ᠲ
d д /t/ and /tʰ/ /d/ ᠊ᠳ ᠊ᠳ᠊ ᠳ᠊ ᠳ
č ч /t͡ʃʰ/ and /t͡sʰ/ /t͡ʃ/ ᠊ᠴ ᠊ᠴ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠴ
ǰ ж /d͡ʒ/ and d͡z /d͡ʒ/ ᠊ᠵ ᠊ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ
y й /j/ ᠊ᠶ ᠊ᠶ᠊ ᠶ᠊ ᠶ
r р /r/ ᠊ᠷ ᠊ᠷ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠷ

Videos[edit | edit source]

The Most Important Mongolian Pronunciation Rule[edit | edit source]

Learn Mongolian Alphabets[edit | edit source]

Mongolian Alphabet Pronunciation (35 Letters)[edit | edit source]

Mongolian Online Virtual Keyboard[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

Retrieved from "https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Halh-mongolian/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation&oldid=193233"