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Revision as of 20:52, 18 March 2023
Verbs and Tenses in Urdu
Welcome to the Verbs and Tenses section of the Complete 0 to A1 Urdu Course. In this lesson, we will learn about Urdu verbs and how to use them in different tenses to express different meanings.
Introduction to Urdu Verbs
As we learned in the previous lessons, Urdu is an Indo-Aryan language with deep roots in Persian, Arabic, and Sanskrit. It is a verb-final language, which means that the verb generally comes at the end of the sentence. In Urdu, the verb is the most important part of the sentence and it carries the most meaning.
Urdu verbs can be classified into three categories:
- Transitive verbs
- Intransitive verbs
- Reflexive verbs
Transitive Verbs
A transitive verb is a verb that requires an object to complete its meaning. In Urdu, transitive verbs are known as "mutaradif" verbs. For example, in the sentence "I am eating food," the verb "eating" is a transitive verb and "food" is the object.
In Urdu, the verb agrees with the subject in gender and number. For example, in the sentence "He eats food," the verb "eats" agrees with the third-person masculine singular subject "he."
Here is a table of some common transitive verbs in Urdu:
Urdu | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
کھانا | khaana | to eat |
پینا | peena | to drink |
پڑھنا | parhna | to read |
لکھنا | likhna | to write |
Intransitive Verbs
An intransitive verb is a verb that does not take an object to complete its meaning. In Urdu, intransitive verbs are known as "lazim" verbs. For example, in the sentence "I am sleeping," the verb "sleeping" is an intransitive verb and there is no object.
Just like transitive verbs, intransitive verbs also agree with the subject in gender and number. Here is a table of some common intransitive verbs in Urdu:
Urdu | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
سونا | sona | to sleep |
چلنا | chalna | to walk |
ہنسنا | hansna | to laugh |
رونا | rona | to cry |
Reflexive Verbs
A reflexive verb is a verb in which the subject and the object are the same. In Urdu, reflexive verbs are known as "intekhabi" verbs. For example, in the sentence "I am washing myself," the verb "washing" is a reflexive verb and the subject and the object are the same.
The reflexive pronoun in Urdu is "apna," which is added after the verb. Here is a table of some common reflexive verbs in Urdu:
Urdu | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
نہانا | nahana | to wash oneself |
جھوٹا بولنا | jhoota bolna | to lie to oneself |
عکس لینا | aks lena | to take a selfie |
اپنے آپ کو بہتر ہونا | apne aap ko behtar hona | to improve oneself |
Verbal Tenses in Urdu
Just like in English, verbs in Urdu change according to the tense of the sentence. Urdu has three main tenses:
- Present tense
- Past tense
- Future tense
Present Tense
The present tense is used to describe actions that are currently happening. In Urdu, the present tense is called "hazir" tense. The present tense is formed by taking the stem of the verb and adding the following endings:
- For the first-person singular: "-تا ہوں"
- For the second-person singular: "-تا ہے"
- For the third-person singular: "-تا ہے"
- For the first-person plural: "-تے ہیں"
- For the second-person plural: "-تے ہو"
- For the third-person plural: "-تے ہیں"
Here is a table of some common verbs in the present tense:
Urdu | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
کھاتا ہوں | khaata hoon | I eat |
پیتا ہے | peeta hai | He drinks |
پڑھتی ہیں | parhti hain | They read |
لکھتے ہو | likhte ho | You write |
Past Tense
The past tense is used to describe actions that have already happened. In Urdu, the past tense is called "maazi" tense. The past tense is formed by taking the stem of the verb and adding the suffix "-ا".
Here is a table of some common verbs in the past tense:
Urdu | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
کھایا | khaya | I ate |
پیا | piya | He drank |
پڑھا | parha | They read |
لکھا | likha | You wrote |
Future Tense
The future tense is used to describe actions that will happen in the future. In Urdu, the future tense is called "mustaqbil" tense. The future tense is formed by taking the stem of the verb and adding the following endings:
- For the first-person singular: "-وں گا"
- For the second-person singular: "-و گا"
- For the third-person singular: "-گا"
- For the first-person plural: "-یں گے"
- For the second-person plural: "-و گے"
- For the third-person plural: "-یں گے"
Here is a table of some common verbs in the future tense:
Urdu | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
کھاؤں گا | khaaunga | I will eat |
پیو گا | piyega | He will drink |
پڑھیں گے | parhenge | They will read |
لکھوں گے | likhenge | You will write |
Conclusion
Congratulations, you have completed the Verbs and Tenses section of the
Sources
- A Beginner-Friendly Guide to Urdu Verb Conjugation
- #1 Easy Guide For Urdu Verbs - Ling App
- Urdu Tenses: Expressing the Past, Present, and Future
- Present Perfect Continuous Tense urdu
Videos
33 Essential Verbs in Urdu - Absolute Beginners - YouTube
How to Conjugate Urdu Verbs in Continuous Tense - YouTube
Related Lessons
- Common Mistakes
- How to Use Have
- How to Use Be
- Introduction to Urdu Alphabets
- Questions
- Negation
- 0 to A1 Course
- Plurals
- Nouns
- Conditional Tenses