Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Grammar/Various-word-orders-in-various-languages"
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'''Note that some languages omit first person singular (and even other persons), then indicate the person with conjugation of verbs.''' | '''Note that some languages omit first person singular (and even other persons), then indicate the person with conjugation of verbs.''' | ||
Example sentence 1 has a <span style="color:red">subject</span>, a <span style="color:green">verb | Example sentence 1 has a <span style="color:red">subject</span>, a <span style="color:green">verb</span>. | ||
Example sentence 2 has a <span style="color:red">subject</span>, a <span style="color:green">verb</span>, a <span style="color:blue">direct | Example sentence 2 has a <span style="color:red">subject</span>, a <span style="color:green">verb</span>, a <span style="color:blue">direct object</span>. | ||
Example sentence 3 has a <span style="color:red">subject</span>, a <span style="color:green">verb</span>. | Example sentence 3 has a <span style="color:red">subject</span>, a <span style="color:green">verb</span>, a <span style="color:blue">direct object</span>, an <span style="color:violet">indirect object</span>. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|Japanese | |Japanese | ||
|<span style="color:red">彼女が</span><span style="color:green">行きます</span>。 | |||
|<span style="color:red">私は</span><span style="color:blue">建物を</span><span style="color:green">見る</span>。 | |<span style="color:red">私は</span><span style="color:blue">建物を</span><span style="color:green">見る</span>。 | ||
|<span style="color:red">あなたは</span><span style="color:violet">彼に</span><span style="color:blue">ペンを</span><span style="color:green">与えた</span>。 | |<span style="color:red">あなたは</span><span style="color:violet">彼に</span><span style="color:blue">ペンを</span><span style="color:green">与えた</span>。 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Korean | |Korean | ||
|<span style="color:red">그녀가</span> <span style="color:green">갈거야</span> . | |||
|<span style="color:red">나는</span> <span style="color:blue">건물을</span> <span style="color:green">본다</span>. | |<span style="color:red">나는</span> <span style="color:blue">건물을</span> <span style="color:green">본다</span>. | ||
|<span style="color:red">당신은</span> <span style="color:violet">그에게</span> <span style="color:blue">펜을</span> <span style="color:green">줬다</span>. | |<span style="color:red">당신은</span> <span style="color:violet">그에게</span> <span style="color:blue">펜을</span> <span style="color:green">줬다</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Persian | |Persian | ||
|.<span style="color:red">او</span> <span style="color:green">خواهد رفت</span> | |||
|.<span style="color:red">من</span> <span style="color:blue">یک ساختمان</span> <span style="color:green">را می بینم</span> | |.<span style="color:red">من</span> <span style="color:blue">یک ساختمان</span> <span style="color:green">را می بینم</span> | ||
|.<span style="color:red">شما</span> <span style="color:violet">به او</span> <span style="color:blue">یک قلم</span> <span style="color:green">دادید</span> | |.<span style="color:red">شما</span> <span style="color:violet">به او</span> <span style="color:blue">یک قلم</span> <span style="color:green">دادید</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Turkish | |Turkish | ||
|<span style="color:red">O</span> <span style="color:green">gidecek</span>. | |||
|<span style="color:blue">Bir bina</span> <span style="color:green">görüyorum</span>. | |<span style="color:blue">Bir bina</span> <span style="color:green">görüyorum</span>. | ||
|<span style="color:violet">Ona</span> <span style="color:blue">bir kalem</span> <span style="color:green">verdin</span>. | |<span style="color:violet">Ona</span> <span style="color:blue">bir kalem</span> <span style="color:green">verdin</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!SVO Language | !SVO Language | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|Chinese Mandarin | |Chinese Mandarin | ||
|<span style="color:red"> | |<span style="color:red">她</span><span style="color:green">會去</span>。/<span style="color:red">她</span><span style="color:green">会去</span>。 | ||
|<span style="color:red">我</span><span style="color:green">看到</span><span style="color:blue">一座建築物</span>。/<span style="color:red">我</span><span style="color:green">看到</span><span style="color:blue">一座建筑物</span>。 | |||
|<span style="color:red">你</span><span style="color:green">給</span><span style="color:violet">他</span><span style="color:blue">一支鋼筆</span>。/<span style="color:red">你</span><span style="color:green">给</span><span style="color:violet">他</span><span style="color:blue">一支钢笔</span>。 | |||
|- | |- | ||
|Dutch | |Dutch | ||
|<span style="color:red">Ze</span> <span style="color:green">zal gaan</span>. | |||
|<span style="color:red">Ik</span> <span style="color:green">zie</span> <span style="color:blue">een gebouw</span>. | |<span style="color:red">Ik</span> <span style="color:green">zie</span> <span style="color:blue">een gebouw</span>. | ||
|<span style="color:red">Je</span> <span style="color:green">gaf</span> <span style="color:violet">hem</span> <span style="color:blue">een pen</span>. | |<span style="color:red">Je</span> <span style="color:green">gaf</span> <span style="color:violet">hem</span> <span style="color:blue">een pen</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|English | |English | ||
|<span style="color:red">She</span> <span style="color:green">will go</span>. | |||
|<span style="color:red">I</span> <span style="color:green">see</span> <span style="color:blue">a building</span>. | |<span style="color:red">I</span> <span style="color:green">see</span> <span style="color:blue">a building</span>. | ||
|<span style="color:red">You</span> <span style="color:green">gave</span> <span style="color:violet">him</span> <span style="color:blue">a pen</span>. | |<span style="color:red">You</span> <span style="color:green">gave</span> <span style="color:violet">him</span> <span style="color:blue">a pen</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Esperanto | |Esperanto | ||
|<span style="color:red">Ŝi</span> <span style="color:green">iros</span>. | |||
|<span style="color:red">Mi</span> <span style="color:green">vidas</span> <span style="color:blue">konstuaĵon</span>. | |<span style="color:red">Mi</span> <span style="color:green">vidas</span> <span style="color:blue">konstuaĵon</span>. | ||
|<span style="color:red">Vi</span> <span style="color:green">donis</span> <span style="color:violet">al li</span> <span style="color:blue">plumon</span>. | |<span style="color:red">Vi</span> <span style="color:green">donis</span> <span style="color:violet">al li</span> <span style="color:blue">plumon</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|French | |French | ||
|<span style="color:red">Elle</span> <span style="color:green">ira</span>. | |||
|<span style="color:red">Je</span> <span style="color:green">vois</span> <span style="color:blue">un bâtiment</span>. | |<span style="color:red">Je</span> <span style="color:green">vois</span> <span style="color:blue">un bâtiment</span>. | ||
|<span style="color:red">Vous</span> <span style="color:violet">lui</span> <span style="color:green">avez donné</span> <span style="color:blue">un stylo</span>. | |<span style="color:red">Vous</span> <span style="color:violet">lui</span> <span style="color:green">avez donné</span> <span style="color:blue">un stylo</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|German | |German | ||
|<span style="color:red">Sie</span> <span style="color:green">wird gehen</span>. | |||
|<span style="color:red">Ich</span> <span style="color:green">sehe</span> <span style="color:blue">ein Gebäude</span>. | |<span style="color:red">Ich</span> <span style="color:green">sehe</span> <span style="color:blue">ein Gebäude</span>. | ||
|<span style="color:red">Du</span> <span style="color:green">gabst</span> <span style="color:violet">ihm</span> <span style="color:blue">einen Stift</span>. | |<span style="color:red">Du</span> <span style="color:green">gabst</span> <span style="color:violet">ihm</span> <span style="color:blue">einen Stift</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Greek | |Greek | ||
|<span style="color:green">Θα πάει</span>. | |||
|<span style="color:green">Βλέπω</span> <span style="color:blue">ένα κτίριο</span>. | |<span style="color:green">Βλέπω</span> <span style="color:blue">ένα κτίριο</span>. | ||
|<span style="color:green">Του έδωσες</span> <span style="color:blue">ένα στυλό</span>. | |<span style="color:green">Του έδωσες</span> <span style="color:blue">ένα στυλό</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Italian | |Italian | ||
|<span style="color:red">Lei</span> <span style="color:green">andrà</span>. | |||
|<span style="color:green">Vedo</span> <span style="color:blue">un edificio</span>. | |<span style="color:green">Vedo</span> <span style="color:blue">un edificio</span>. | ||
|<span style="color:violet">Gli</span> <span style="color:green">hai dato</span> <span style="color:blue">una penna</span>. | |<span style="color:violet">Gli</span> <span style="color:green">hai dato</span> <span style="color:blue">una penna</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Polish | |Polish | ||
|<span style="color:red">Ona</span> <span style="color:green">pójdzie</span>. | |||
|<span style="color:green">Widzę</span> <span style="color:blue">budynek</span>. | |<span style="color:green">Widzę</span> <span style="color:blue">budynek</span>. | ||
|<span style="color:green">Dałeś</span> <span style="color:violet">mu</span> <span style="color:blue">długopis</span>. | |<span style="color:green">Dałeś</span> <span style="color:violet">mu</span> <span style="color:blue">długopis</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Portugese | |Portugese | ||
|<span style="color:red">Ela</span> <span style="color:green">vai</span>. | |||
|<span style="color:red">Eu</span> <span style="color:green">vejo</span> <span style="color:blue">um prédio</span>. | |<span style="color:red">Eu</span> <span style="color:green">vejo</span> <span style="color:blue">um prédio</span>. | ||
|<span style="color:red">Você</span> <span style="color:green">deu</span> <span style="color:violet">a ele</span> <span style="color:blue">uma caneta</span>. | |<span style="color:red">Você</span> <span style="color:green">deu</span> <span style="color:violet">a ele</span> <span style="color:blue">uma caneta</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Russian | |Russian | ||
|<span style="color:red">Она</span> <span style="color:green">пойдет</span>. | |||
|<span style="color:red">Я</span> <span style="color:green">вижу</span> <span style="color:blue">здание</span>. | |<span style="color:red">Я</span> <span style="color:green">вижу</span> <span style="color:blue">здание</span>. | ||
|<span style="color:red">Вы</span> <span style="color:green">дали</span> <span style="color:violet">ему</span> <span style="color:blue">ручку</span>. | |<span style="color:red">Вы</span> <span style="color:green">дали</span> <span style="color:violet">ему</span> <span style="color:blue">ручку</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Spanish | |Spanish | ||
|<span style="color:red">Ella</span> <span style="color:green">irá</span>. | |||
|<span style="color:green">Veo</span> <span style="color:blue">un edificio</span>. | |<span style="color:green">Veo</span> <span style="color:blue">un edificio</span>. | ||
|<span style="color:violet">Le</span> <span style="color:green">diste</span> <span style="color:blue">una pluma</span>. | |<span style="color:violet">Le</span> <span style="color:green">diste</span> <span style="color:blue">una pluma</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Ukranian | |Ukranian | ||
|<span style="color:red">Вона</span> <span style="color:green">піде</span>. | |||
|<span style="color:red">Я</span> <span style="color:green">бачу</span> <span style="color:blue">будівлю</span>. | |<span style="color:red">Я</span> <span style="color:green">бачу</span> <span style="color:blue">будівлю</span>. | ||
|<span style="color:red">Ти</span> <span style="color:green">дав</span> <span style="color:violet">йому</span> <span style="color:blue">ручку</span>. | |<span style="color:red">Ти</span> <span style="color:green">дав</span> <span style="color:violet">йому</span> <span style="color:blue">ручку</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Vietnamese | |Vietnamese | ||
|<span style="color:red">Cô ấy</span> <span style="color:green">sẽ đi</span>. | |||
|<span style="color:red">Tôi</span> <span style="color:green">thấy</span> <span style="color:blue">một tòa nhà</span>. | |<span style="color:red">Tôi</span> <span style="color:green">thấy</span> <span style="color:blue">một tòa nhà</span>. | ||
|<span style="color:red">Bạn</span> <span style="color:green">đưa cho</span> <span style="color:violet">anh</span> <span style="color:blue">một cây bút</span>. | |<span style="color:red">Bạn</span> <span style="color:green">đưa cho</span> <span style="color:violet">anh</span> <span style="color:blue">một cây bút</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!VSO Language | !VSO Language | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|Arabic | |Arabic | ||
|.<span style="color:green">وقالت انها سوف تذهب</span> | |||
|.<span style="color:green">أرى</span> <span style="color:blue">مبنى</span> | |.<span style="color:green">أرى</span> <span style="color:blue">مبنى</span> | ||
|.<span style="color:green">أعطيته</span> <span style="color:blue">قلم</span> | |.<span style="color:green">أعطيته</span> <span style="color:blue">قلم</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Filipino | |Filipino | ||
|<span style="color:green">Pupunta</span> <span style="color:red">siya</span>. | |||
|<span style="color:green">Nakikita</span> <span style="color:red">ko</span> <span style="color:blue">ang isang gusali</span>. | |<span style="color:green">Nakikita</span> <span style="color:red">ko</span> <span style="color:blue">ang isang gusali</span>. | ||
|<span style="color:green">Binigyan</span> <span style="color:red">mo</span> <span style="color:violet">siya</span> <span style="color:blue">ng panulat</span>. | |<span style="color:green">Binigyan</span> <span style="color:red">mo</span> <span style="color:violet">siya</span> <span style="color:blue">ng panulat</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Irish | |Irish | ||
|<span style="color:green">Beidh</span> <span style="color:red">sí ag</span> <span style="color:green">dul</span>. | |||
|<span style="color:green">Feicim</span> <span style="color:blue">foirgneamh</span>. | |<span style="color:green">Feicim</span> <span style="color:blue">foirgneamh</span>. | ||
|<span style="color:green">Thug</span> <span style="color:red">tú</span> <span style="color:blue">peann</span> <span style="color:violet">air</span>. | |<span style="color:green">Thug</span> <span style="color:red">tú</span> <span style="color:blue">peann</span> <span style="color:violet">air</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Welsh | |Welsh | ||
|<span style="color:green">Bydd</span> <span style="color:red">hi'n</span> <span style="color:green">mynd</span>. | |||
|<span style="color:green">Gwelaf</span> <span style="color:blue">adeilad</span>. | |<span style="color:green">Gwelaf</span> <span style="color:blue">adeilad</span>. | ||
|<span style="color:green">Rhoddodd</span> <span style="color:red">eich</span> <span style="color:blue">ysgrifbin</span> <span style="color:violet">iddo</span>. | |<span style="color:green">Rhoddodd</span> <span style="color:red">eich</span> <span style="color:blue">ysgrifbin</span> <span style="color:violet">iddo</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!VOS Language | !VOS Language | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|Malagasy | |Malagasy | ||
|<span style="color:green">Handeha</span> <span style="color:red">izy</span>. | |||
|<span style="color:green">Nahita</span> <span style="color:blue">tranobe iray</span> <span style="color:red">aho</span>. | |<span style="color:green">Nahita</span> <span style="color:blue">tranobe iray</span> <span style="color:red">aho</span>. | ||
|<span style="color:green">Nomenao</span> <span style="color:blue">penina</span> <span style="color:violet">izy</span>. | |<span style="color:green">Nomenao</span> <span style="color:blue">penina</span> <span style="color:violet">izy</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!OSV Language | !OSV Language | ||
Revision as of 06:08, 16 February 2018
This lesson is about word orders, which can be mainly divided into six types, with small differences inside each type. Here are some examples.
S means subject, O means object, V means verb.
SOV and SVO are the most popular, accounting for about 4/10 each.
There can be more than one order in a language, the listed are just the most common cases.
Note that some languages omit first person singular (and even other persons), then indicate the person with conjugation of verbs.
Example sentence 1 has a subject, a verb.
Example sentence 2 has a subject, a verb, a direct object.
Example sentence 3 has a subject, a verb, a direct object, an indirect object.
| SOV Language | Example sentence 1 | Example sentence 2 | Example sentence 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Japanese | 彼女が行きます。 | 私は建物を見る。 | あなたは彼にペンを与えた。 |
| Korean | 그녀가 갈거야 . | 나는 건물을 본다. | 당신은 그에게 펜을 줬다. |
| Persian | .او خواهد رفت | .من یک ساختمان را می بینم | .شما به او یک قلم دادید |
| Turkish | O gidecek. | Bir bina görüyorum. | Ona bir kalem verdin. |
| SVO Language | Example sentence 1 | Example sentence 2 | Example sentence 3 |
| Chinese Mandarin | 她會去。/她会去。 | 我看到一座建築物。/我看到一座建筑物。 | 你給他一支鋼筆。/你给他一支钢笔。 |
| Dutch | Ze zal gaan. | Ik zie een gebouw. | Je gaf hem een pen. |
| English | She will go. | I see a building. | You gave him a pen. |
| Esperanto | Ŝi iros. | Mi vidas konstuaĵon. | Vi donis al li plumon. |
| French | Elle ira. | Je vois un bâtiment. | Vous lui avez donné un stylo. |
| German | Sie wird gehen. | Ich sehe ein Gebäude. | Du gabst ihm einen Stift. |
| Greek | Θα πάει. | Βλέπω ένα κτίριο. | Του έδωσες ένα στυλό. |
| Italian | Lei andrà. | Vedo un edificio. | Gli hai dato una penna. |
| Polish | Ona pójdzie. | Widzę budynek. | Dałeś mu długopis. |
| Portugese | Ela vai. | Eu vejo um prédio. | Você deu a ele uma caneta. |
| Russian | Она пойдет. | Я вижу здание. | Вы дали ему ручку. |
| Spanish | Ella irá. | Veo un edificio. | Le diste una pluma. |
| Ukranian | Вона піде. | Я бачу будівлю. | Ти дав йому ручку. |
| Vietnamese | Cô ấy sẽ đi. | Tôi thấy một tòa nhà. | Bạn đưa cho anh một cây bút. |
| VSO Language | Example sentence 1 | Example sentence 2 | Example sentence 3 |
| Arabic | .وقالت انها سوف تذهب | .أرى مبنى | .أعطيته قلم |
| Filipino | Pupunta siya. | Nakikita ko ang isang gusali. | Binigyan mo siya ng panulat. |
| Irish | Beidh sí ag dul. | Feicim foirgneamh. | Thug tú peann air. |
| Welsh | Bydd hi'n mynd. | Gwelaf adeilad. | Rhoddodd eich ysgrifbin iddo. |
| VOS Language | Example sentence 1 | Example sentence 2 | Example sentence 3 |
| Malagasy | Handeha izy. | Nahita tranobe iray aho. | Nomenao penina izy. |
| OSV Language | Example sentence 1 | Example sentence 2 | Example sentence 3 |
| OVS Language | Example sentence 1 | Example sentence 2 | Example sentence 3 |