Difference between revisions of "Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Negation"

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<div class="pg_page_title">Central Pashto Grammar - Negation</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Central Pashto Grammar - Negation</div>
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/central-pashto Central Pashto] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will learn about negation in Central Pashto. Negation is an important part of any language, and it is essential to understand how to use it correctly in order to communicate effectively. __TOC__


Negation is the process of making a statement or phrase negative. In Central Pashto, there are two main ways to make a statement negative: by using the negative particle ''na'' and by using the negative verb form.  
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/central-pashto Central Pashto] learners! 😊<br>
In this lesson, we will learn about negation in Central Pashto. We will cover basic and intermediate level topics. Before we dive into the lesson, let's remind ourselves of some grammar concepts.  


== Negative Particle ''na'' ==
__TOC__
The negative particle ''na'' is used to make a statement negative. It is placed after the verb in a sentence. For example:


== Grammar review ==
Central Pashto is a SOV (Subject-Object-Verb) language. This means that the verb appears at the end of a sentence. The negation in Central Pashto is formed by adding "نه" "na" after the verb.
Before we proceed to examples of negation in Central Pashto, let's learn some cultural information about negation.
== Cultural insight ==
In Central Pashto culture, being polite and respectful is highly valued. This reflects in their communication style. Directly saying "no" can be considered impolite. Therefore, Central Pashto speakers use indirect ways of expressing negation. People may use silence, ambiguity, or euphemisms to avoid direct negative responses.
== Basic Negation ==
To create a basic negation sentence, you only need to add "نه" "na" right after the verb.
=== Example ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Central Pashto !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
! Central Pashto !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
| کار کوله نه || "kar kawle na" || "not working"
|-
| زه نه دی || za na di || He does not
|-
| زه نه شوم || za na shom || I do not
|-
| زه نه شوی || za na shwi || You do not
|-
| زه نه شوند || za na shwand || They do not
|}
|}


It is important to note that the negative particle ''na'' is not used with the verb ''to be''. To make a statement negative with the verb ''to be'', you must use the negative verb form.
== Intermediate Negation ==


== Negative Verb Form ==
Now let's look at some more complex sentences using negation.  
The negative verb form is used to make a statement negative with the verb ''to be''. It is formed by adding the suffix ''-na'' to the verb. For example:


=== Negation with future tense ===
If we want to have a negative sentence in the future tense, we add "نه" "na" before the auxiliary verb "ش'و" "sha wo".
=== Example ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Central Pashto !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
! Central Pashto !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
| زه غشته راغلم نه شوم || "za goeshte raghlelam na showm" || "I will not go tomorrow"
|-
| زه ناست || za nast || He is not
|-
| زه ناسی || za naswi || I am not
|-
| زه ناسید || za naswid || You are not
|-
| زه ناسند || za naswand || They are not
|}
|}


It is important to note that the negative verb form is only used with the verb ''to be''. To make a statement negative with other verbs, you must use the negative particle ''na''.
=== Negation with past tense ===


== Practice ==
Past negation is formed by adding "نه" "na" after the verb in past.
To improve your [[Language/Central-pashto|Central Pashto]] [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=94 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/central-pashto/question questions]!
 
Here are some examples of sentences using negation in Central Pashto:


=== Example ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Central Pashto !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
! Central Pashto !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
| زه خو بليني نه کووم || "za khwub leni na kawom" || "I did not sleep well"
|-
| زه نه دی واردیشی || za na di wārdiši || He does not enter
|-
| زه ناسی بله || za naswi bale || I am not a boy
|-
| زه نه شوی بیشتر || za na shwi bištar || You do not understand more
|-
| زه نه شوند باشند || za na shwand bāšand || They do not stay
|}
|}


Now it's your turn! Try making your own sentences using negation in Central Pashto.  
== Dialogue ==
 
Here is a dialogue example to demonstrate negation in Central Pashto.
 
* Person 1: ما تا جوړه واي؟ (ma ta jora way?) ("Do you want to come with me?")
* Person 2: نه، زه د غواړو جانګنه راشئ، مې د بيز نشته وه. (na, za da ghawaaro janagana rashay, me da baiz nashta wah.) ("No, I have to attend a meeting, I am not free now.")
 
== Conclusion ==


<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
In conclusion, we learned about negation in Central Pashto. We covered basic and intermediate topics, and had a glimpse into Central Pashto culture. To improve your [[:Category:Language/Central-pashto|Central Pashto]] [[:Category:Language/Central-pashto/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=94 Find native speakers] and ask them any [[:Category:Language/Central-pashto/question|questions]]!


== Sources ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto_language Pashto Language]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan Afghanistan]


==Related Lessons==
{{#seo:
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
|title=Central Pashto Grammar - Negation
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
|keywords=central pashto, grammar, negation, culture, indirect communication, basic negation, intermediate negation, future tense, past tense, dialogue
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use negation in Central Pashto grammar. We cover basic and intermediate level topics, together with cultural insights and a dialogue example.
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
}}
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Personal-pronouns|Personal pronouns]]
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]


{{Central-pashto-Page-Bottom}}
{{Central-pashto-Page-Bottom}}

Revision as of 17:06, 5 March 2023

Afghanistan-Pashto-Language-PolyglotClub.jpg
Central Pashto Grammar - Negation

Hi Central Pashto learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn about negation in Central Pashto. We will cover basic and intermediate level topics. Before we dive into the lesson, let's remind ourselves of some grammar concepts.

Grammar review

Central Pashto is a SOV (Subject-Object-Verb) language. This means that the verb appears at the end of a sentence. The negation in Central Pashto is formed by adding "نه" "na" after the verb.

Before we proceed to examples of negation in Central Pashto, let's learn some cultural information about negation.

Cultural insight

In Central Pashto culture, being polite and respectful is highly valued. This reflects in their communication style. Directly saying "no" can be considered impolite. Therefore, Central Pashto speakers use indirect ways of expressing negation. People may use silence, ambiguity, or euphemisms to avoid direct negative responses.

Basic Negation

To create a basic negation sentence, you only need to add "نه" "na" right after the verb.

Example

Central Pashto Pronunciation English
کار کوله نه "kar kawle na" "not working"

Intermediate Negation

Now let's look at some more complex sentences using negation.

Negation with future tense

If we want to have a negative sentence in the future tense, we add "نه" "na" before the auxiliary verb "ش'و" "sha wo".

Example

Central Pashto Pronunciation English
زه غشته راغلم نه شوم "za goeshte raghlelam na showm" "I will not go tomorrow"

Negation with past tense

Past negation is formed by adding "نه" "na" after the verb in past.

Example

Central Pashto Pronunciation English
زه خو بليني نه کووم "za khwub leni na kawom" "I did not sleep well"

Dialogue

Here is a dialogue example to demonstrate negation in Central Pashto.

  • Person 1: ما تا جوړه واي؟ (ma ta jora way?) ("Do you want to come with me?")
  • Person 2: نه، زه د غواړو جانګنه راشئ، مې د بيز نشته وه. (na, za da ghawaaro janagana rashay, me da baiz nashta wah.) ("No, I have to attend a meeting, I am not free now.")

Conclusion

In conclusion, we learned about negation in Central Pashto. We covered basic and intermediate topics, and had a glimpse into Central Pashto culture. To improve your Central Pashto Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

Sources


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