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<div class="pg_page_title">Welsh Grammar - Pronouns</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Welsh Grammar - Pronouns</div>
Hi Welsh learners! 😊<br>In today's lesson, we will be looking at Welsh pronouns. Pronouns are words that replace nouns in a sentence. They can be used to refer to people, places, things, or ideas. Knowing how to use pronouns correctly is essential for speaking and writing Welsh fluently.  
 
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/welsh Welsh] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will be exploring the fascinating world of Welsh pronouns. Pronouns are an essential part of any language as they help to replace nouns and make our communication more concise and efficient.


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== Introduction ==
Pronouns, also known as atebion or berfefeddion in Welsh, are words that stand in place of a noun or noun phrase. Welsh pronouns can be divided into personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, reflexive pronouns, and demonstrative pronouns. In this lesson, we will focus on personal pronouns as they are the most commonly used pronouns in Welsh.


== Personal Pronouns ==
== Personal Pronouns ==
Welsh personal pronouns inflect according to number and gender. The first and second person pronouns have distinct singular and plural forms, whereas the third person pronouns are the same for both singular and plural. In addition, Welsh personal pronouns also have a distinction between formal and informal registers.


Personal pronouns are used to refer to people. In Welsh, there are two sets of personal pronouns: formal and informal.
Here is a table showing the different forms of Welsh personal pronouns:


=== Formal Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Fi || /vi/ || I (formal)
|-
| Fe / Fo || /ve/, /vo/ || He (formal), It (formal)
|-
| Hi || /hi/ || She (formal)
|-
| Ni || /ni/ || We (formal)
|-
| Chwi || /xwi/ || You (formal, plural)
|-
| Nhw || /n̥u/ || They (formal)
|-
| Sut wyt ti? || /sɨt wɪt ti/ || How are you? (informal)
|-
| Ti || /ti/ || You (informal, singular)
|-
| Fe / Fo || /ve/, /vo/ || He (informal), It (informal)
|-
| Hi || /hi/ || She (informal)
|-
| Ni || /nɪ/ || We (informal)
|-
| Chi || /xɪ/ || You (informal, plural)
|-
| Hwntw || /huːntuː/ || They (informal)
|}


Formal pronouns are used when talking to someone you don't know well, or someone who is older than you. Here are the formal pronouns in Welsh:  
Here are some examples of Welsh personal pronouns in context:


* Fi - I  
* Person 1: Dw i eisiau cig oen. (I want lamb)
* Ti - You
* Person 2: Dw i eisiau cig eidion. (I want beef)
* Ef - He
* Person 1: Dw i'n hoffi y gath hwn. (I like this cat)
* Hi - She
* Person 2: Dw i'n hoffi'r ci hwn. (I like this dog)
* Ni - We
* Chi - You (plural)  
* Nhw - They


=== Informal Pronouns ===
It is important to note that in Welsh, the verb agrees with the subject pronoun, and there are no articles (such as 'the' or 'a') in Welsh.


Informal pronouns are used when talking to someone you know well, or someone who is younger than you. Here are the informal pronouns in Welsh:
== Possessive Pronouns ==
Possessive pronouns, also known as berfenwau eiddo in Welsh, are used to indicate ownership or possession. They agree in number and gender with the noun they modify.


* Mi - I
Here is a table showing the different forms of possessive pronouns in Welsh:
* Ti - You
* E - He
* Hi - She
* Ni - We
* Chi - You (plural)
* Nhw - They


== Possessive Pronouns ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| fy || /və/ || my (singular, masculine)
|-
| ein || /n̥aɪn/ || our (singular)
|-
| dy || /də/ || your (singular, masculine)
|-
| eich || /eɪx/ || your (singular or plural, formal)
|-
| ei || /eɪ/ || his, her, its
|-
| eu || /eɪ/ || their
|}


Possessive pronouns are used to show ownership or possession. In Welsh, there are two sets of possessive pronouns: formal and informal.
Here are some examples of Welsh possessive pronouns in context:


=== Formal Possessive Pronouns ===
* Person 1: Mae fy nhŷ yn y dref. (My house is in the town)
* Person 2: Mae ein tai ni ar y bryn. (Our houses are on the hill)
* Person 1: Ble mae dy gar? (Where is your car?)
* Person 2: Mae eich car chi yn y garej. (Your car is in the garage)


Formal possessive pronouns are used when talking to someone you don't know well, or someone who is older than you. Here are the formal possessive pronouns in Welsh:
== Reflexive Pronouns ==
Reflexive pronouns, also known as berfenwau adlewyrchol in Welsh, are used to indicate that the action of the verb reflects back onto the subject. They agree in number and gender with the noun they modify.


* Fy - My
Here is a table showing the different forms of reflexive pronouns in Welsh:
* Dy - Your
* Ei - His
* Ei - Her
* Ein - Our
* Eich - Your (plural)
* Eu - Their


=== Informal Possessive Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| fy hun || /və hɪn/ || myself
|-
| ein hunain || /n̥aɪn hɪnaɪn/ || ourselves
|-
| dy hun || /də hɪn/ || yourself (singular, masculine)
|-
| eich hunan || /eɪx hɪnan/ || yourself (singular or plural, formal)
|-
| ei hunan || /eɪ hɪnan/ || himself, herself, itself
|-
| eu hunain || /eɪ hɪnaɪn/ || themselves
|}


Informal possessive pronouns are used when talking to someone you know well, or someone who is younger than you. Here are the informal possessive pronouns in Welsh:  
Here are some examples of Welsh reflexive pronouns in context:


* Mwyn - My
* Person 1: Dw i'n barod iawn ar gyfer y cyfweliad. (I am ready for the interview)
* Dyn - Your
* Person 2: Gadewch i mi drefnu'r dyddiadur ar gyfer eich hun. (Let me schedule the diary for yourself)
* Ei - His
* Person 1: A ydych chi'n teimlo'n iawn? (Are you feeling okay?)
* Ei - Her
* Person 2: Dw i'n teimlo'n iawn fy hun. (I'm feeling okay myself)
* Ein - Our
* Eich - Your (plural)  
* Eu - Their


== Demonstrative Pronouns ==
== Demonstrative Pronouns ==
Demonstrative pronouns, also known as berfenwau dangosol in Welsh, are used to point out specific people, places, or things. They agree in number and proximity with the noun they modify.


Demonstrative pronouns are used to point out specific people, places, things, or ideas. In Welsh, there are two sets of demonstrative pronouns: formal and informal.
Here is a table showing the different forms of demonstrative pronouns in Welsh:
 
=== Formal Demonstrative Pronouns ===
 
Formal demonstrative pronouns are used when talking to someone you don't know well, or someone who is older than you. Here are the formal demonstrative pronouns in Welsh:  


* Yr hwn - The one
{| class="wikitable"
* Y rhai - Those
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English
* Yr un - The same
|-
* Y rhain - These
| hwn || /huːn/ || this (masculine singular)
|-
| hon || /hɔn/ || this (feminine singular)
|-
| hyn || /hɨn/ || this (plural)
|-
| hwnna || /huːna/ || that (masculine singular)
|-
| honna || /hɔna/ || that (feminine singular)
|-
| honno || /hɔnɔ/ || that (feminine singular, distant)
|-
| y rhain || /ə r̥ai̯n/ || these
|-
| y rheinau || /ə r̥aɪnaɪ/ || those
|}


=== Informal Demonstrative Pronouns ===
Here are some examples of Welsh demonstrative pronouns in context:


Informal demonstrative pronouns are used when talking to someone you know well, or someone who is younger than you. Here are the informal demonstrative pronouns in Welsh:  
* Person 1: Mae hwn yn ysgubor. (This is a barn)
* Person 2: Nac yw hon yn stafell haul? (Isn't this a sunny room?)
* Person 1: Mae hyn yn beth da! (These are good things!)
* Person 2: Pwy yw'r chwaraewr hwnna? (Who is that player?)


* Yr hwnnw - The one
== Practice makes perfect! ==
* Y rhain - Those
Now that we have explored the different types of Welsh pronouns, it is important to practice and use them in context. Practice with your friends, family, or [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] friends by engaging in conversation and asking questions. Don't be afraid to make mistakes, as they are all part of the learning process. Remember to be patient with yourself and enjoy the journey!
* Yr un - The same
* Y rhain - These


That's it for today's lesson on Welsh pronouns! We hope you have a better understanding of how to use them correctly.  
Remember, to improve your [[Language/Welsh|Welsh]] [[Language/Welsh/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=141 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/welsh/question questions]!


<br><hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
== Sources ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_grammar Welsh grammar]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_personal_pronouns Welsh personal pronouns]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possessive_pronoun Possessive pronoun]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexive_pronoun Reflexive pronouns]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonstrative_pronoun Demonstrative pronouns]


{{#seo:
|title=Welsh Grammar - Pronouns
|keywords=Welsh grammar, Welsh personal pronouns, Possessive pronoun, Reflexive pronouns, Demonstrative pronouns
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about Welsh pronouns, including personal, possessive, reflexive, and demonstrative pronouns. Improve your Welsh grammar and have fun learning.
}}


==Related Lessons==
<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/The-article|The article]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]


{{Welsh-Page-Bottom}}
{{Welsh-Page-Bottom}}

Revision as of 02:48, 5 March 2023

Welsh-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Welsh Grammar - Pronouns

Hi Welsh learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will be exploring the fascinating world of Welsh pronouns. Pronouns are an essential part of any language as they help to replace nouns and make our communication more concise and efficient.

Introduction

Pronouns, also known as atebion or berfefeddion in Welsh, are words that stand in place of a noun or noun phrase. Welsh pronouns can be divided into personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, reflexive pronouns, and demonstrative pronouns. In this lesson, we will focus on personal pronouns as they are the most commonly used pronouns in Welsh.

Personal Pronouns

Welsh personal pronouns inflect according to number and gender. The first and second person pronouns have distinct singular and plural forms, whereas the third person pronouns are the same for both singular and plural. In addition, Welsh personal pronouns also have a distinction between formal and informal registers.

Here is a table showing the different forms of Welsh personal pronouns:

Welsh Pronunciation English
Fi /vi/ I (formal)
Fe / Fo /ve/, /vo/ He (formal), It (formal)
Hi /hi/ She (formal)
Ni /ni/ We (formal)
Chwi /xwi/ You (formal, plural)
Nhw /n̥u/ They (formal)
Sut wyt ti? /sɨt wɪt ti/ How are you? (informal)
Ti /ti/ You (informal, singular)
Fe / Fo /ve/, /vo/ He (informal), It (informal)
Hi /hi/ She (informal)
Ni /nɪ/ We (informal)
Chi /xɪ/ You (informal, plural)
Hwntw /huːntuː/ They (informal)

Here are some examples of Welsh personal pronouns in context:

  • Person 1: Dw i eisiau cig oen. (I want lamb)
  • Person 2: Dw i eisiau cig eidion. (I want beef)
  • Person 1: Dw i'n hoffi y gath hwn. (I like this cat)
  • Person 2: Dw i'n hoffi'r ci hwn. (I like this dog)

It is important to note that in Welsh, the verb agrees with the subject pronoun, and there are no articles (such as 'the' or 'a') in Welsh.

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns, also known as berfenwau eiddo in Welsh, are used to indicate ownership or possession. They agree in number and gender with the noun they modify.

Here is a table showing the different forms of possessive pronouns in Welsh:

Welsh Pronunciation English
fy /və/ my (singular, masculine)
ein /n̥aɪn/ our (singular)
dy /də/ your (singular, masculine)
eich /eɪx/ your (singular or plural, formal)
ei /eɪ/ his, her, its
eu /eɪ/ their

Here are some examples of Welsh possessive pronouns in context:

  • Person 1: Mae fy nhŷ yn y dref. (My house is in the town)
  • Person 2: Mae ein tai ni ar y bryn. (Our houses are on the hill)
  • Person 1: Ble mae dy gar? (Where is your car?)
  • Person 2: Mae eich car chi yn y garej. (Your car is in the garage)

Reflexive Pronouns

Reflexive pronouns, also known as berfenwau adlewyrchol in Welsh, are used to indicate that the action of the verb reflects back onto the subject. They agree in number and gender with the noun they modify.

Here is a table showing the different forms of reflexive pronouns in Welsh:

Welsh Pronunciation English
fy hun /və hɪn/ myself
ein hunain /n̥aɪn hɪnaɪn/ ourselves
dy hun /də hɪn/ yourself (singular, masculine)
eich hunan /eɪx hɪnan/ yourself (singular or plural, formal)
ei hunan /eɪ hɪnan/ himself, herself, itself
eu hunain /eɪ hɪnaɪn/ themselves

Here are some examples of Welsh reflexive pronouns in context:

  • Person 1: Dw i'n barod iawn ar gyfer y cyfweliad. (I am ready for the interview)
  • Person 2: Gadewch i mi drefnu'r dyddiadur ar gyfer eich hun. (Let me schedule the diary for yourself)
  • Person 1: A ydych chi'n teimlo'n iawn? (Are you feeling okay?)
  • Person 2: Dw i'n teimlo'n iawn fy hun. (I'm feeling okay myself)

Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns, also known as berfenwau dangosol in Welsh, are used to point out specific people, places, or things. They agree in number and proximity with the noun they modify.

Here is a table showing the different forms of demonstrative pronouns in Welsh:

Welsh Pronunciation English
hwn /huːn/ this (masculine singular)
hon /hɔn/ this (feminine singular)
hyn /hɨn/ this (plural)
hwnna /huːna/ that (masculine singular)
honna /hɔna/ that (feminine singular)
honno /hɔnɔ/ that (feminine singular, distant)
y rhain /ə r̥ai̯n/ these
y rheinau /ə r̥aɪnaɪ/ those

Here are some examples of Welsh demonstrative pronouns in context:

  • Person 1: Mae hwn yn ysgubor. (This is a barn)
  • Person 2: Nac yw hon yn stafell haul? (Isn't this a sunny room?)
  • Person 1: Mae hyn yn beth da! (These are good things!)
  • Person 2: Pwy yw'r chwaraewr hwnna? (Who is that player?)

Practice makes perfect!

Now that we have explored the different types of Welsh pronouns, it is important to practice and use them in context. Practice with your friends, family, or Polyglot Club friends by engaging in conversation and asking questions. Don't be afraid to make mistakes, as they are all part of the learning process. Remember to be patient with yourself and enjoy the journey!

Remember, to improve your Welsh Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

Sources

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


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