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<div class="pg_page_title">Irish Grammar - Pronouns</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Irish Grammar - Pronouns</div>
Hi Irish learners! 😊<br>In today's lesson, we will be discussing the basics of Irish grammar, with a focus on pronouns. Pronouns are an important part of any language, and understanding how to use them correctly is essential for speaking and writing in Irish. We'll look at the different types of pronouns, how they are used, and some examples of their usage.
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== Types of Pronouns ==
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/irish Irish] learners! 😊<br>
In this lesson, we will be discussing Irish pronouns. Pronouns are an essential part of any language, and Irish is no exception. They allow us to refer to people, places, and things without repeating the noun every time we use it. In Irish, as in English and other languages, there are different types of pronouns, such as personal, possessive, interrogative, and demonstrative pronouns. We will cover each of these categories in detail in this lesson. For more information about Irish [https://polyglotclub.com/language/irish/grammar grammar], check out the Polyglot Club website.


Pronouns can be divided into two main categories: personal pronouns and possessive pronouns. Personal pronouns refer to people or things, while possessive pronouns indicate ownership.
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=== Personal Pronouns ===
 
Personal pronouns are used to refer to people or things. In Irish, there are three types of personal pronouns: singular, dual, and plural.
 
* Singular pronouns are used when referring to one person or thing. Examples include mé (I), tú (you), sé (he/it), sí (she/it).
 
* Dual pronouns are used when referring to two people or things. Examples include sinn (we two), sibh (you two), iad (they two).
 
* Plural pronouns are used when referring to more than two people or things. Examples include muid (we), sibh (you), siad (they).
 
=== Possessive Pronouns ===
 
Possessive pronouns are used to indicate ownership. In Irish, there are three types of possessive pronouns: singular, dual, and plural.
 
* Singular possessive pronouns are used when referring to one person or thing. Examples include mo (my), do (your), a (his/its), a (her/its).
 
* Dual possessive pronouns are used when referring to two people or things. Examples include ár (our two), bhur (your two), a (their two).
 
* Plural possessive pronouns are used when referring to more than two people or things. Examples include ár (our), bhur (your), a (their).
 
== Usage ==
 
Pronouns are used in a variety of ways in Irish. They can be used as the subject of a sentence, the object of a sentence, or as a possessive pronoun.
 
* As the subject of a sentence, pronouns are used to refer to the person or thing performing the action. For example, "Mé féin é" (I am him).
 
* As the object of a sentence, pronouns are used to refer to the person or thing receiving the action. For example, "Tá sé agam" (I have it).
 
* As a possessive pronoun, pronouns are used to indicate ownership. For example, "Is mo chara é" (He is my friend).
 
== Examples ==


Here are some examples of how pronouns are used in Irish:
==Personal Pronouns==
Personal pronouns are words that we use to replace the names of people or things. In Irish, personal pronouns change depending on the context of the sentence. Let's take a look at some examples:
{| class="wikitable"
! Irish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| mé || may || I
|-
| tú || too || you (singular)
|-
| sé || shay || he
|-
| sí || she || she
|-
| sinn || shin || we
|-
| sibh || shiv || you (plural or formal)
|-
| siad || shee-udh || they
|}


* "Tá sí agam" (I have her).
Dialogue:
* Person 1: Dia duit! Conas atá tú? (Hello! How are you?)
* Person 2: Tá mé go maith, go raibh maith agat. (I'm well, thank you.)


* "Tá sinn ag obair" (We are working).  
As we can see, the personal pronoun "mé" means "I," "tú" means "you" (singular), and "sé" means "he." Similarly, "sí" means "she," "sinn" means "we," "sibh" means "you" (plural or formal), and "siad" means "they."


* "Tá sibh ag caint" (You are talking).
==Possessive Pronouns==
Possessive pronouns are used to show ownership or possession. In Irish, possessive pronouns come before the noun they modify. Here are some examples:
{| class="wikitable"
! Irish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| mo || muh || my
|-
| do || duh || your (singular)
|-
| a || uh || his/her/its
|-
| ár || awr || our
|-
| bhur || vuhr || your (plural or formal)
|-
| a || uh || their
|}


* "Tá siad ag léamh" (They are reading).
Dialogue:
* Person 1: An bhfuil do leabhar agat? (Do you have your book?)
* Person 2: Tá, tá mo leabhar agam. (Yes, I have my book.)


* "Is mo chara é" (He is my friend).  
In this example, the possessive pronoun "do" means "your" (singular), and "mo" means "my."


* "Is ár gcaraí iad" (They are our friends).
==Interrogative Pronouns==
Interrogative pronouns are used to form questions. In Irish, the most common interrogative pronouns are "cé" and "cad." "Cé" is used to ask about a person, while "cad" is used to ask about a thing. Here are some examples:
{| class="wikitable"
! Irish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Cé || kay || Who
|-
| Cad || kadh || What
|}


* "Is do charaí sibh" (You are their friends).
Dialogue:
* Person 1: Cé atá ann? (Who is there?)
* Person 2: Is mise Mary. (It's me, Mary.)


<hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
In this example, the interrogative pronoun "cé" means "who."


==Demonstrative Pronouns==
Demonstrative pronouns are used to indicate which noun is being referred to. In Irish, there are two types of demonstrative pronouns: "seo" and "siúd." "Seo" is used to refer to something that is close by, while "siúd" is used to refer to something that is far away. Here are some examples:
{| class="wikitable"
! Irish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| seo || shuh || this
|-
| siúd || shee-oodh || that 
|}


Dialogue:
* Person 1: An bhfuil tú ag labhairt faoi seo? (Are you talking about this?)
* Person 2: Níl, tá mé ag labhairt faoi siúd. (No, I'm talking about that.)


==Videos==
In this example, the demonstrative pronoun "seo" means "this," while "siúd" means "that."


===11 USEFUL VERBS in IRISH language + PRONOUNS - YouTube===
That's it! We've covered personal, possessive, interrogative, and demonstrative pronouns in Irish. Of course, there is more to learn, but this is a good start. If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=spGaBpalAA4</youtube>


===Irish Lesson #11 - Using Emphatic Pronouns to Compare - YouTube===
== Sources ==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h7WD3CPk3ME</youtube>
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_language Irish language]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_grammar Irish grammar]




==Related Lessons==
{{#seo:
* [[Language/Irish/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
|title=Irish Grammar - Pronouns
* [[Language/Irish/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
|keywords=Irish, grammar, pronouns, personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, interrogative pronouns, demonstrative pronouns
* [[Language/Irish/Grammar/Imperative-Mood|Imperative Mood]]
|description=In this lesson, we will be discussing Irish pronouns. Pronouns are an essential part of any language, and Irish is no exception.
* [[Language/Irish/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
}}
* [[Language/Irish/Grammar/Irish-Prepositional-Pronouns|Irish Prepositional Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Irish/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Irish/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
* [[Language/Irish/Grammar/Irish-Modal-Verbs-(need,-want,-must,-can)|Irish Modal Verbs (need, want, must, can)]]
* [[Language/Irish/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]


{{Irish-Page-Bottom}}
{{Irish-Page-Bottom}}

Revision as of 02:39, 5 March 2023

Irish-language-polyglotclub.jpg
Irish Grammar - Pronouns

Hi Irish learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will be discussing Irish pronouns. Pronouns are an essential part of any language, and Irish is no exception. They allow us to refer to people, places, and things without repeating the noun every time we use it. In Irish, as in English and other languages, there are different types of pronouns, such as personal, possessive, interrogative, and demonstrative pronouns. We will cover each of these categories in detail in this lesson. For more information about Irish grammar, check out the Polyglot Club website.

Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns are words that we use to replace the names of people or things. In Irish, personal pronouns change depending on the context of the sentence. Let's take a look at some examples:

Irish Pronunciation English
mé may I
tú too you (singular)
sé shay he
sí she she
sinn shin we
sibh shiv you (plural or formal)
siad shee-udh they

Dialogue:

  • Person 1: Dia duit! Conas atá tú? (Hello! How are you?)
  • Person 2: Tá mé go maith, go raibh maith agat. (I'm well, thank you.)

As we can see, the personal pronoun "mé" means "I," "tú" means "you" (singular), and "sé" means "he." Similarly, "sí" means "she," "sinn" means "we," "sibh" means "you" (plural or formal), and "siad" means "they."

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns are used to show ownership or possession. In Irish, possessive pronouns come before the noun they modify. Here are some examples:

Irish Pronunciation English
mo muh my
do duh your (singular)
a uh his/her/its
ár awr our
bhur vuhr your (plural or formal)
a uh their

Dialogue:

  • Person 1: An bhfuil do leabhar agat? (Do you have your book?)
  • Person 2: Tá, tá mo leabhar agam. (Yes, I have my book.)

In this example, the possessive pronoun "do" means "your" (singular), and "mo" means "my."

Interrogative Pronouns

Interrogative pronouns are used to form questions. In Irish, the most common interrogative pronouns are "cé" and "cad." "Cé" is used to ask about a person, while "cad" is used to ask about a thing. Here are some examples:

Irish Pronunciation English
Cé kay Who
Cad kadh What

Dialogue:

  • Person 1: Cé atá ann? (Who is there?)
  • Person 2: Is mise Mary. (It's me, Mary.)

In this example, the interrogative pronoun "cé" means "who."

Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns are used to indicate which noun is being referred to. In Irish, there are two types of demonstrative pronouns: "seo" and "siúd." "Seo" is used to refer to something that is close by, while "siúd" is used to refer to something that is far away. Here are some examples:

Irish Pronunciation English
seo shuh this
siúd shee-oodh that

Dialogue:

  • Person 1: An bhfuil tú ag labhairt faoi seo? (Are you talking about this?)
  • Person 2: Níl, tá mé ag labhairt faoi siúd. (No, I'm talking about that.)

In this example, the demonstrative pronoun "seo" means "this," while "siúd" means "that."

That's it! We've covered personal, possessive, interrogative, and demonstrative pronouns in Irish. Of course, there is more to learn, but this is a good start. If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Sources



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