Difference between revisions of "Language/Igbo/Grammar/Pronouns"

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<div class="pg_page_title">Igbo Grammar - Pronouns</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Igbo Grammar - Pronouns</div>
Hi Igbo learners! 😊<br>In today's lesson, we will be discussing Igbo pronouns. Pronouns are an important part of any language, and Igbo is no exception. We will look at the different types of pronouns, how they are used, and how to correctly form them. By the end of this lesson, you should have a good understanding of Igbo pronouns.<br><br>
 
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/igbo Igbo] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will be learning about Igbo pronouns. Pronouns are words used in place of nouns. Igbo pronouns apply to both animate and inanimate objects. They provide a simplified way to communicate when the noun is already known or implied. Understanding Igbo pronouns will make your communication in Igbo less cumbersome.  
 
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__TOC__
== Types of Pronouns ==
There are three main types of pronouns in Igbo: personal, possessive, and demonstrative.


=== Personal Pronouns ===
== Personal Pronouns ==
Personal pronouns are used to refer to people or things. They can be singular or plural, and they can be either first, second, or third person.  
Personal pronouns are the most common type of pronouns. They are used in place of a specific person or thing. In Igbo, personal pronouns vary depending on the context they are being used in. Igbo personal pronouns include:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Igbo !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| mụ || mụ (mooh) || I/me
|-
| gị || gi (ghee) || You
|-
| ya || ya (yah) || He/him/she/her/it
|-
| anyị || ah-nyi (ahn-yee) || We/us
|-
| unu || oo-noo (oonoo) || You (plural)
|-
| ha || ha (hah) || They/them
|}
 
'''Dialogue:'''
* Person 1: Mụ na-eme n'ụlọ. (I am working at home.)
* Person 2: Kedu ebe m ga-ewetaga gị? (Where should I meet you?)
* Person 1: Anyị ga-ewetago n'efi. (We will meet at the market.)
* Person 2: Unu ga-eme n'akụkọ. (You (plural) will work at the farm.)
 
== Reflexive Pronouns ==
Reflexive pronouns are used when the subject and object of a sentence are the same. In Igbo, reflexive pronouns always end with "ta" or "nyere." Examples include:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Igbo !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| nọta || noo-tah || myself
|-
| gọnyere || go-nyeh-reh || yourself
|-
| ya ta || yah tah || himself/herself/itself
|-
| anyịghota || ah-nyee-gho-tah || ourselves
|-
| unughota || oo-noo-gho-tah || yourselves (plural)
|-
| hata || hah-tah || themselves
|}
 
'''Dialogue:'''
* Person 1: Mụ na-esi isi m. (I am cutting my hair.)
* Person 2: Gọnyere maka nke a. (Do it yourself for this one.)
* Person 1: Anyịghọta na-agụ aka anyị n'ụwa. (We are washing our hands in the world.)
* Person 2: Unughọta na-azu ha na-ala. (You (plural) are eating on the ground.)


* First person pronouns refer to the speaker. Examples include: ndị (I), ndị na-aga (we).
== Possessive Pronouns ==
* Second person pronouns refer to the person being spoken to. Examples include: ị (you), ị na-aga (you all).
Possessive pronouns show ownership and replace a noun that has already been mentioned. Igbo possessive pronouns include:
* Third person pronouns refer to the person or thing being spoken about. Examples include: ọ (he/she/it), ọ na-aga (they).


=== Possessive Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
Possessive pronouns are used to show ownership or possession. They can be singular or plural, and they can be either first, second, or third person.
! Igbo !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| m || m (m) || My/mine
|-
| gị || gi (ghee) || Your/yours
|-
| ya || ya (yah) || His/hers/its
|-
| anyị || ah-nyi (ahn-yee) || Our/ours
|-
| unu || oo-noo (oonoo) || Your (plural)
|-
| ha || ha (hah) || Their/theirs
|}


* First person possessive pronouns include: n'ụlọ (my), n'ụlọ na-aga (our).
'''Dialogue:'''
* Second person possessive pronouns include: ụlọ (your), ụlọ na-aga (your all).
* Person 1: Mụ na-enye aka m. (I am giving my hand.)
* Third person possessive pronouns include: ọlọ (his/her/its), ọlọ na-aga (their).
* Person 2: Maka gị, sịrị na udo? (For you, what is your name?)
* Person 1: Anyị na-enweghị egwú, bụ ya na-ekwuola anyị. (We don't have a song, it's his that we are singing.)
* Person 2: Kedu ha-amasị ncha ha nmanya? (What are they bringing home?)
* Person 1: Nda ha. (Their house.)


=== Demonstrative Pronouns ===
== Demonstrative Pronouns ==
Demonstrative pronouns are used to point out or identify a person or thing. They can be singular or plural, and they can be either near or far.
Demonstrative pronouns are used to point to or identify particular things or people. In Igbo, demonstrative pronouns include:


* Near demonstrative pronouns include: ọhụrụ (this), ọhụrụ na-aga (these).
{| class="wikitable"
* Far demonstrative pronouns include: ọhịa (that), ọhịa na-aga (those).
! Igbo !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| nke a || nkeh-ah || This/that
|-
| ha a || hah-ah || Those
|}


== Formation of Pronouns ==
'''Dialogue:'''
The formation of pronouns in Igbo is relatively simple. Most pronouns are formed by adding the appropriate prefix to the verb stem. For example, the pronoun ndị (I) is formed by adding the prefix n- to the verb stem dị (to be).
* Person 1: Hụrụ ha a. (Look at those.)
* Person 2: Nke a aghotara na ndị otu ha. (This is what they all have in common.)
* Person 1: Ha a na-ekwu okuko na-ama. (Those are the ones talking about chickens.)


However, there are some exceptions. For example, the pronoun ị (you) is not formed by adding a prefix to the verb stem. Instead, it is formed by adding the suffix -ị to the verb stem.
== Interrogative Pronouns ==
Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. In Igbo, interrogative pronouns include:


== Usage of Pronouns ==
{| class="wikitable"
Pronouns are used in many different ways in Igbo. They can be used to refer to people or things, to show ownership or possession, or to point out or identify a person or thing.
! Igbo !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| gịnị || ghee-nee || What
|-
| kedụ || keh-doo || Where
|-
| kére || keh-reh || Who
|-
| keji || keh-jee || Which
|-
| kilo || kee-loh || How
|}


For example, the pronoun ndị (I) can be used to refer to the speaker. The pronoun ụlọ (your) can be used to show ownership or possession. And the pronoun ọhịa (that) can be used to point out or identify a person or thing.
'''Dialogue:'''
* Person 1: Gịnị ka-ekperengodi na-ewu na ihe ahụ? (What is preventing you from doing that?)
* Person 2: Maka inwe anaghị eji gị, kedụ ihe gbasara gị? (Since I don't have your number, where can I reach you?)
* Person 1: Ọ bụrụ na abụghị ya, keji ọ dị mma? (If it's not this one, which one is good?)
* Person 2: Kére gị ga-amaka ma anyị? (Who will help you and us?)


== Conclusion ==
== Indefinite Pronouns ==
In conclusion, pronouns are an important part of Igbo grammar. We have looked at the different types of pronouns, how they are formed, and how they are used. With this knowledge, you should now be able to correctly form and use pronouns in Igbo.<br><hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
Indefinite pronouns refer to people or things in general. In Igbo, indefinite pronouns include:


{| class="wikitable"
! Igbo !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ndị || ndee || People
|-
| anọ || ah-noh || Something
|-
| akwụkwọ || ah-kwoo-kwoh || Anything
|-
| ọnwụ || ohn-woo || Anyone
|}


'''Dialogue:'''
* Person 1: Ndị nụ ndụ ka ị na-ewu? (Who are you waiting for?)
* Person 2: Anọ ọ dịrị anyị. (We are waiting for something.)
* Person 1: Akwụkwọ mụ bụ onye isi? (Am I anything or the leader?)
* Person 2: Ọnwụ mahadum n'uhịa. (Anyone can wander around here.)


==Videos==
To improve your [[Language/Igbo|Igbo]] [[Language/Igbo/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=2579 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/igbo/question questions]!


===Igbo Lesson: Subject Pronouns + Verb Ibu (to be) + Profession ...===
== Sources ==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eGK1wQmZRpw</youtube>
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igbo_language#Pronouns Igbo Language - Pronouns]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_person Grammatical Person]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite_pronoun Indefinite Pronouns]




==Related Lessons==
{{#seo:
* [[Language/Igbo/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
|title=Igbo Grammar - Pronouns
* [[Language/Igbo/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
|keywords=igbo, grammar, pronouns, personal pronouns, reflexive pronouns, possessive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, interrogative pronouns, indefinite pronouns
* [[Language/Igbo/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about Igbo pronouns. Personal pronouns, reflexive pronouns, possessive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, interrogative pronouns, and indefinite pronouns.
* [[Language/Igbo/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
}}
* [[Language/Igbo/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Igbo/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]


{{Igbo-Page-Bottom}}
{{Igbo-Page-Bottom}}

Revision as of 02:38, 5 March 2023

D8912FF2-7292-437A-8C2E-94BA6AB09A6B.png
Igbo Grammar - Pronouns

Hi Igbo learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will be learning about Igbo pronouns. Pronouns are words used in place of nouns. Igbo pronouns apply to both animate and inanimate objects. They provide a simplified way to communicate when the noun is already known or implied. Understanding Igbo pronouns will make your communication in Igbo less cumbersome.

Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns are the most common type of pronouns. They are used in place of a specific person or thing. In Igbo, personal pronouns vary depending on the context they are being used in. Igbo personal pronouns include:

Igbo Pronunciation English
mụ mụ (mooh) I/me
gị gi (ghee) You
ya ya (yah) He/him/she/her/it
anyị ah-nyi (ahn-yee) We/us
unu oo-noo (oonoo) You (plural)
ha ha (hah) They/them

Dialogue:

  • Person 1: Mụ na-eme n'ụlọ. (I am working at home.)
  • Person 2: Kedu ebe m ga-ewetaga gị? (Where should I meet you?)
  • Person 1: Anyị ga-ewetago n'efi. (We will meet at the market.)
  • Person 2: Unu ga-eme n'akụkọ. (You (plural) will work at the farm.)

Reflexive Pronouns

Reflexive pronouns are used when the subject and object of a sentence are the same. In Igbo, reflexive pronouns always end with "ta" or "nyere." Examples include:

Igbo Pronunciation English
nọta noo-tah myself
gọnyere go-nyeh-reh yourself
ya ta yah tah himself/herself/itself
anyịghota ah-nyee-gho-tah ourselves
unughota oo-noo-gho-tah yourselves (plural)
hata hah-tah themselves

Dialogue:

  • Person 1: Mụ na-esi isi m. (I am cutting my hair.)
  • Person 2: Gọnyere maka nke a. (Do it yourself for this one.)
  • Person 1: Anyịghọta na-agụ aka anyị n'ụwa. (We are washing our hands in the world.)
  • Person 2: Unughọta na-azu ha na-ala. (You (plural) are eating on the ground.)

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns show ownership and replace a noun that has already been mentioned. Igbo possessive pronouns include:

Igbo Pronunciation English
m m (m) My/mine
gị gi (ghee) Your/yours
ya ya (yah) His/hers/its
anyị ah-nyi (ahn-yee) Our/ours
unu oo-noo (oonoo) Your (plural)
ha ha (hah) Their/theirs

Dialogue:

  • Person 1: Mụ na-enye aka m. (I am giving my hand.)
  • Person 2: Maka gị, sịrị na udo? (For you, what is your name?)
  • Person 1: Anyị na-enweghị egwú, bụ ya na-ekwuola anyị. (We don't have a song, it's his that we are singing.)
  • Person 2: Kedu ha-amasị ncha ha nmanya? (What are they bringing home?)
  • Person 1: Nda ha. (Their house.)

Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns are used to point to or identify particular things or people. In Igbo, demonstrative pronouns include:

Igbo Pronunciation English
nke a nkeh-ah This/that
ha a hah-ah Those

Dialogue:

  • Person 1: Hụrụ ha a. (Look at those.)
  • Person 2: Nke a aghotara na ndị otu ha. (This is what they all have in common.)
  • Person 1: Ha a na-ekwu okuko na-ama. (Those are the ones talking about chickens.)

Interrogative Pronouns

Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. In Igbo, interrogative pronouns include:

Igbo Pronunciation English
gịnị ghee-nee What
kedụ keh-doo Where
kére keh-reh Who
keji keh-jee Which
kilo kee-loh How

Dialogue:

  • Person 1: Gịnị ka-ekperengodi na-ewu na ihe ahụ? (What is preventing you from doing that?)
  • Person 2: Maka inwe anaghị eji gị, kedụ ihe gbasara gị? (Since I don't have your number, where can I reach you?)
  • Person 1: Ọ bụrụ na abụghị ya, keji ọ dị mma? (If it's not this one, which one is good?)
  • Person 2: Kére gị ga-amaka ma anyị? (Who will help you and us?)

Indefinite Pronouns

Indefinite pronouns refer to people or things in general. In Igbo, indefinite pronouns include:

Igbo Pronunciation English
ndị ndee People
anọ ah-noh Something
akwụkwọ ah-kwoo-kwoh Anything
ọnwụ ohn-woo Anyone

Dialogue:

  • Person 1: Ndị nụ ndụ ka ị na-ewu? (Who are you waiting for?)
  • Person 2: Anọ ọ dịrị anyị. (We are waiting for something.)
  • Person 1: Akwụkwọ mụ bụ onye isi? (Am I anything or the leader?)
  • Person 2: Ọnwụ mahadum n'uhịa. (Anyone can wander around here.)

To improve your Igbo Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

Sources



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