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<div class="pg_page_title">Paraguayan Guaraní Grammar - Plurals</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Paraguayan Guaraní Grammar - Plurals</div>
Hi Paraguayan Guaraní learners!😊<br>Learning [https://polyglotclub.com/language/paraguayan-guarani Paraguayan Guaraní] Grammar is an exciting journey! In this lesson, we will focus on plurals in Paraguayan Guaraní. __TOC__


== Plural Formation ==
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/paraguayan-guarani Paraguayan Guaraní] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will learn about plural forms in Paraguayan Guaraní.


In Paraguayan Guaraní, the plural of nouns is formed by adding the suffix -pe to the end of the word. For example, the singular form of the word "dog" is "mbo'e", and the plural form is "mbo'epe".
__TOC__


=== Irregular Plurals ===
== Plural markers ==


There are some irregular plurals in Paraguayan Guaraní. For example, the singular form of the word "person" is "ñe'ẽ", and the plural form is "ñe'ẽngue".  
In Paraguayan Guaraní, there are several ways to form plurals. One of the most common ways is to add the suffix -re to the singular form of the noun. For example:


Another example is the singular form of the word "child" is "ñemombe'ẽ", and the plural form is "ñemombe'ẽmi".
{| class="wikitable"
! Paraguayan Guaraní !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| mokõi || mokõi-re || chairs
|-
| ka'ã || ka'ã-re || dogs
|}


=== Plural Agreement ===
Another way to form the plural is to use the suffix -gua. This is more common for animate nouns (referring to living beings). For example:


In Paraguayan Guaraní, the verb must agree with the subject in number. For example, if the subject is plural, the verb must also be in the plural form.
{| class="wikitable"
! Paraguayan Guaraní !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ña'ãnga || ña'ãnga-gua || men
|-
| akã || akã-gua || women
|}


For example, the sentence "The dogs are running" would be translated as "Mbo'epe ojeporãi".  
Note that there are exceptions to these rules, and some nouns have irregular plural forms.


== Plural Pronouns ==
== Counting in Paraguayan Guaraní ==


In Paraguayan Guaraní, there are two sets of pronouns: singular and plural. The plural pronouns are used when referring to more than one person or thing.
To count in Paraguayan Guaraní, we use a base-20 counting system. The numbers from 1 to 20 are:


The plural pronouns are:
{| class="wikitable"
! Paraguayan Guaraní !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ñemo || 'ɲemo || one
|-
| mokõi || 'mokoi || two
|-
| mbo'ehao || 'mboʔeχao || three
|-
| irundy || 'iɾundɨ || four
|-
| yvyra || 'ɨvɨɾa || five
|-
| aty || 'aty || six
|-
| guasu || 'ɡwasu || seven
|-
| rovapy || ɾova'pɨ || eight
|-
| peteî || 'petei || nine
|-
| mburuvicha || 'mbuɾuvit͡ʃa || ten
|-
| poko'i || 'pokoʔi || eleven
|-
| marandu || ma'ɾandu || twelve
|-
| anga || 'aŋɡa || thirteen
|-
| mokõi mbo'ehao || 'mokoi 'mboʔeχao || fourteen
|-
| mokõi irundy || 'mokoi 'iɾundɨ || fifteen
|-
| mokõi yvyra || 'mokoi 'ɨvɨɾa || sixteen
|-
| mokõi aty || 'mokoi 'aty || seventeen
|-
| mokõi guasu || 'mokoi 'ɡwasu || eighteen
|-
| mokõi rovapy || 'mokoi ɾova'pɨ || nineteen
|-
| mokõi peteî || 'mokoi 'petei || twenty
|}


* Nguereko - We
To count beyond twenty, we use multiples of twenty. For example, 40 is peteî mokõi, which means "two twenties and (add) four".
* Ñande - You (plural)  
* Ñane - They


For example, the sentence "We are going" would be translated as "Nguereko ojeporãi".
== Dialogue ==


== Conclusion ==
Here's a dialogue between Ana and Juan, where they talk about plurals:


In this lesson, we have learned about plurals in Paraguayan Guaraní. We have seen how to form regular and irregular plurals, and how to use plural pronouns. To improve your [[Language/Paraguayan-guarani|Paraguayan Guaraní]] [[Language/Paraguayan-guarani/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=50 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/paraguayan-guarani/question questions]!
* Ana: ¿Oîkuri mokõi-pe nde rehegua jepuka hapichakuéra?
* Juan: Che ko'ãga-re nde kuimba'e jepuka. Ha mborayhu-re nde ndoikuaáva rehegua jepuka.
* Ana: Oh, nde rógape oîpeteî-pe nde yvyra-gua potĩ orekóva.  
* Juan: Ha oikatu-pe nde ña'ãnga-gua hese rupi.
Translation:


<hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
* Ana: How many chairs do we need to buy?
* Juan: We need to buy two chairs. And we also need to buy some tables.
* Ana: Okay, I'll buy five of them.
* Juan: And also get eight men for the party.


== Fun facts ==


==Related Lessons==
- Paraguayan Guaraní is one of the two official languages of Paraguay, along with Spanish. It is also widely spoken in neighboring countries like Argentina and Brazil.
* [[Language/Paraguayan-guarani/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
- The consonant cluster /mb/ is unique to Paraguayan Guaraní, and is often borrowed into Spanish words used in Paraguay.
* [[Language/Paraguayan-guarani/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
- Paraguayan Guaraní has a complex system of verb conjugation, which takes into account the person, number, tense, mood, and aspect of the verb.
* [[Language/Paraguayan-guarani/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
 
* [[Language/Paraguayan-guarani/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
== Practice ==
* [[Language/Paraguayan-guarani/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
 
* [[Language/Paraguayan-guarani/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
To practice what you've learned, try translating the following sentences into Paraguayan Guaraní:
 
1. We bought three dogs.
2. My father has four chairs in his office.
3. They saw seven birds in the sky.
 
== Sources ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarani_language Guaraní language]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguay Paraguay]
 
 
<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
 
{{#seo:
|title=Paraguayan Guaraní Grammar - Plurals
|keywords=Paraguay, Paraguayan Guaraní, Guaraní language, plurals, animate nouns, base-20 counting system, verb conjugation
|description=In this lesson, we will learn about plural forms in Paraguayan Guaraní. Paraguayan Guaraní is one of the two official languages of Paraguay, along with Spanish.
}}


{{Paraguayan-guarani-Page-Bottom}}
{{Paraguayan-guarani-Page-Bottom}}

Revision as of 00:09, 5 March 2023

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Paraguayan Guaraní Grammar - Plurals

Hi Paraguayan Guaraní learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn about plural forms in Paraguayan Guaraní.

Plural markers

In Paraguayan Guaraní, there are several ways to form plurals. One of the most common ways is to add the suffix -re to the singular form of the noun. For example:

Paraguayan Guaraní Pronunciation English
mokõi mokõi-re chairs
ka'ã ka'ã-re dogs

Another way to form the plural is to use the suffix -gua. This is more common for animate nouns (referring to living beings). For example:

Paraguayan Guaraní Pronunciation English
ña'ãnga ña'ãnga-gua men
akã akã-gua women

Note that there are exceptions to these rules, and some nouns have irregular plural forms.

Counting in Paraguayan Guaraní

To count in Paraguayan Guaraní, we use a base-20 counting system. The numbers from 1 to 20 are:

Paraguayan Guaraní Pronunciation English
ñemo 'ɲemo one
mokõi 'mokoi two
mbo'ehao 'mboʔeχao three
irundy 'iɾundɨ four
yvyra 'ɨvɨɾa five
aty 'aty six
guasu 'ɡwasu seven
rovapy ɾova'pɨ eight
peteî 'petei nine
mburuvicha 'mbuɾuvit͡ʃa ten
poko'i 'pokoʔi eleven
marandu ma'ɾandu twelve
anga 'aŋɡa thirteen
mokõi mbo'ehao 'mokoi 'mboʔeχao fourteen
mokõi irundy 'mokoi 'iɾundɨ fifteen
mokõi yvyra 'mokoi 'ɨvɨɾa sixteen
mokõi aty 'mokoi 'aty seventeen
mokõi guasu 'mokoi 'ɡwasu eighteen
mokõi rovapy 'mokoi ɾova'pɨ nineteen
mokõi peteî 'mokoi 'petei twenty

To count beyond twenty, we use multiples of twenty. For example, 40 is peteî mokõi, which means "two twenties and (add) four".

Dialogue

Here's a dialogue between Ana and Juan, where they talk about plurals:

  • Ana: ¿Oîkuri mokõi-pe nde rehegua jepuka hapichakuéra?
  • Juan: Che ko'ãga-re nde kuimba'e jepuka. Ha mborayhu-re nde ndoikuaáva rehegua jepuka.
  • Ana: Oh, nde rógape oîpeteî-pe nde yvyra-gua potĩ orekóva.
  • Juan: Ha oikatu-pe nde ña'ãnga-gua hese rupi.

Translation:

  • Ana: How many chairs do we need to buy?
  • Juan: We need to buy two chairs. And we also need to buy some tables.
  • Ana: Okay, I'll buy five of them.
  • Juan: And also get eight men for the party.

Fun facts

- Paraguayan Guaraní is one of the two official languages of Paraguay, along with Spanish. It is also widely spoken in neighboring countries like Argentina and Brazil. - The consonant cluster /mb/ is unique to Paraguayan Guaraní, and is often borrowed into Spanish words used in Paraguay. - Paraguayan Guaraní has a complex system of verb conjugation, which takes into account the person, number, tense, mood, and aspect of the verb.

Practice

To practice what you've learned, try translating the following sentences into Paraguayan Guaraní:

1. We bought three dogs. 2. My father has four chairs in his office. 3. They saw seven birds in the sky.

Sources


➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


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