Difference between revisions of "Language/Irish/Grammar/Plurals"

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<div class="pg_page_title">Irish Grammar - Plurals</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Irish Grammar - Plurals</div>
Hi Irish learners!😊<br>Learning [https://polyglotclub.com/language/irish Irish] Grammar can be a daunting task, but with the right approach and dedication, you can master it in no time. In this lesson, we will focus on plurals in Irish. __TOC__


== What are Plurals? ==
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/irish Irish] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we are going to talk about plurals in the Irish language. Plurals refer to nouns indicating more than one object. You may find this topic challenging, but don't worry, we will break it down for you, and with practice, you will get better. So, let's get started!<br>
__TOC__


Plurals are words that refer to more than one person, place, or thing. In Irish, there are two types of plurals: singular and dual. The singular plural is used when referring to one person, place, or thing, while the dual plural is used when referring to two people, places, or things.  
== Basic Rules ==
In Irish, plurals are formed by changing the ending of the noun. The change in the ending depends on the gender of the noun. In general, masculine nouns change their endings by adding "-aí" or "-í", while feminine nouns change their endings by adding "-anna" or "-acha".  


=== Singular Plurals ===
=== Masculine Plurals ===
For masculine nouns, there are several rules to follow.


Singular plurals are formed by adding the suffix -a to the end of the word. For example, the singular plural of “cailín” (girl) is “cailíní” (girls).  
- Nouns ending in a broad consonant add "-aí" to form the plural. Example:


=== Dual Plurals ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Irish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| fear || /fɑr/ || man
|-
| fir || /fʲəɾʲ/ || men
|}


Dual plurals are formed by adding the suffix -anna to the end of the word. For example, the dual plural of “cailín” (girl) is “cailínanna” (two girls).  
- Nouns ending in "-ín" or "-án" change the "-ín" to "-igh" or "-án" to "-áin". Example:


== Exceptions ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Irish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| bádóirín || /bɑːd̪ˠoːɾʲiːnʲ/ || small boat
|-
| bádóirigh || /bɑːd̪ˠoːɾʲiː/ || small boats
|-
| páistín || /pɑːʃtʲiːnʲ/ || child (girl)
|-
| páistí || /pɑːʃtʲiː/ || children (girls and boys)
|}


There are some exceptions to the rules for forming plurals. For example, the plural of “bean” (woman) is “mna” (women), not “beananna”.  
- Nouns ending in "-éad" and "-ín" change to "-idí". Example:


== Tips for Learning Plurals ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Irish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| pócaid || /pˠoːkədʲ/ || pockets
|-
| plátaí || /plɑːt̪ˠiː/ || plates
|}


Here are some tips to help you learn Irish plurals:  
- Nouns ending in "-ín" add "-í". Example:


* Practice writing out the plurals of words. This will help you remember the rules for forming plurals.
{| class="wikitable"
* Listen to native speakers and try to pick up on how they use plurals in conversation.
! Irish !! Pronunciation !! English
* Read books and watch movies in Irish to get a better understanding of how plurals are used in context.
|-
| bád || /bɑːd̪ˠ/ || boat
|-
| báid || /bɑːdʲ/ || boats
|}


Learning Irish plurals can be challenging, but with practice and dedication, you can master them in no time. To improve your [[Language/Irish|Irish]] [[Language/Irish/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=60 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/irish/question questions]!
=== Feminine Plurals ===
For feminine nouns, the following general rules apply:


<hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
- Nouns ending in "-óg" add "-oga" to form the plural. Example:


{| class="wikitable"
! Irish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| cailín || /kælʲiːnʲ/ || girl
|-
| cailíní || /kælʲiːnʲiː/ || girls
|}


- Nouns ending in "-ín" change "-ín" to "-eanna". Example:


==Videos==
{| class="wikitable"
! Irish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| comhrádán || /kʊɾˠəd̪ˠɑːn/ || friend (female)
|-
| comhrádanna || /kʊɾˠəd̪ˠɑːnˠə/ || friends (female)
|}


===Learn Irish-Lesson 8 Nouns and the Definite Article - YouTube===
- Nouns ending in "-lann" and "-tíl" change to "-lainne" in the plural. Example:
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2StUQgAA_ag</youtube>


{| class="wikitable"
! Irish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| duine || /d̪ˠɪnʲə/ || person
|-
| daoine || /d̪ˠiːnʲə/ || people
|}


==Related Lessons==
== Exceptions and Special Plurals ==
* [[Language/Irish/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
As with any language, there are exceptions to Irish plurals.
* [[Language/Irish/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
- For example, "cathair" (city) becomes "cairteacha" in the plural.
* [[Language/Irish/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
- "Bád" (boat), "cros" (cross), and "tosach" (beginning) have irregular plural forms.
* [[Language/Irish/Grammar/Imperative-Mood|Imperative Mood]]
 
* [[Language/Irish/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
Additionally, some words undergo spelling alterations when forming its plural, such as "foclóir" (dictionary), which becomes "foclóirí" in its plural form.
* [[Language/Irish/Grammar/Personal-pronouns|Personal pronouns]]
* [[Language/Irish/Grammar/Irish-Modal-Verbs-(need,-want,-must,-can)|Irish Modal Verbs (need, want, must, can)]]
== Dialogue ==
* [[Language/Irish/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
To better illustrate how plurals work in Irish, here is a dialogue:
* [[Language/Irish/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
 
* Person 1: Tá mé ag lorg leabhair. (I am looking for books.)
* Person 2: Cén soirt leabhar atá uait? (What kind of books do you want?)
* Person 1: Ba mhaith liom leabhair Gaeilge. (I want Irish language books.)
* Person 2: Tá rogha mór agat. (You have a big selection.)
 
== Practice ==
Here are some practice exercises to reinforce the concepts we just covered. Translate the following words into English, then write their plurals in Irish:
 
1. Stad
2. Seomra
3. Sagart
4. Céad
5. Bliain
 
Answers:
 
1. Stop, Stadanna
2. Room, Seomraí
3. Priest, Sagairtí
4. Hundredth, Céadta
5. Year, Blianta
 
Keep practicing and building your Irish vocabulary!
 
== Conclusion ==
Congratulations for making it to the end of this lesson, you have learned the basics of forming plurals in Irish. Remember to put this knowledge into practice by speaking with [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=60 native speakers] and asking them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/irish/question questions]. To improve your [[Language/Irish|Irish]] [[Language/Irish/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. With consistency, you will become more proficient with Irish grammar and become closer to fluency. Keep up the good work!  😊<hr>
 
== Sources ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_number Grammar number]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_language Irish language]
 
{{#seo:
|title=Irish Grammar - Plurals
|keywords=Irish, grammar, plurals, masculine, feminine, dialogue, practice
|description=In this lesson, we will discuss plurals in the Irish language. We will break down the basic rules, examples, exceptions, and provide practice exercises with a dialogue to illustrate word usage.
}}


{{Irish-Page-Bottom}}
{{Irish-Page-Bottom}}

Revision as of 23:39, 4 March 2023

Irish-language-polyglotclub.jpg
Irish Grammar - Plurals

Hi Irish learners! 😊
In this lesson, we are going to talk about plurals in the Irish language. Plurals refer to nouns indicating more than one object. You may find this topic challenging, but don't worry, we will break it down for you, and with practice, you will get better. So, let's get started!

Basic Rules

In Irish, plurals are formed by changing the ending of the noun. The change in the ending depends on the gender of the noun. In general, masculine nouns change their endings by adding "-aí" or "-í", while feminine nouns change their endings by adding "-anna" or "-acha".

Masculine Plurals

For masculine nouns, there are several rules to follow.

- Nouns ending in a broad consonant add "-aí" to form the plural. Example:

Irish Pronunciation English
fear /fɑr/ man
fir /fʲəɾʲ/ men

- Nouns ending in "-ín" or "-án" change the "-ín" to "-igh" or "-án" to "-áin". Example:

Irish Pronunciation English
bádóirín /bɑːd̪ˠoːɾʲiːnʲ/ small boat
bádóirigh /bɑːd̪ˠoːɾʲiː/ small boats
páistín /pɑːʃtʲiːnʲ/ child (girl)
páistí /pɑːʃtʲiː/ children (girls and boys)

- Nouns ending in "-éad" and "-ín" change to "-idí". Example:

Irish Pronunciation English
pócaid /pˠoːkədʲ/ pockets
plátaí /plɑːt̪ˠiː/ plates

- Nouns ending in "-ín" add "-í". Example:

Irish Pronunciation English
bád /bɑːd̪ˠ/ boat
báid /bɑːdʲ/ boats

Feminine Plurals

For feminine nouns, the following general rules apply:

- Nouns ending in "-óg" add "-oga" to form the plural. Example:

Irish Pronunciation English
cailín /kælʲiːnʲ/ girl
cailíní /kælʲiːnʲiː/ girls

- Nouns ending in "-ín" change "-ín" to "-eanna". Example:

Irish Pronunciation English
comhrádán /kʊɾˠəd̪ˠɑːn/ friend (female)
comhrádanna /kʊɾˠəd̪ˠɑːnˠə/ friends (female)

- Nouns ending in "-lann" and "-tíl" change to "-lainne" in the plural. Example:

Irish Pronunciation English
duine /d̪ˠɪnʲə/ person
daoine /d̪ˠiːnʲə/ people

Exceptions and Special Plurals

As with any language, there are exceptions to Irish plurals. - For example, "cathair" (city) becomes "cairteacha" in the plural. - "Bád" (boat), "cros" (cross), and "tosach" (beginning) have irregular plural forms.

Additionally, some words undergo spelling alterations when forming its plural, such as "foclóir" (dictionary), which becomes "foclóirí" in its plural form.

Dialogue

To better illustrate how plurals work in Irish, here is a dialogue:

  • Person 1: Tá mé ag lorg leabhair. (I am looking for books.)
  • Person 2: Cén soirt leabhar atá uait? (What kind of books do you want?)
  • Person 1: Ba mhaith liom leabhair Gaeilge. (I want Irish language books.)
  • Person 2: Tá rogha mór agat. (You have a big selection.)

Practice

Here are some practice exercises to reinforce the concepts we just covered. Translate the following words into English, then write their plurals in Irish:

1. Stad 2. Seomra 3. Sagart 4. Céad 5. Bliain

Answers:

1. Stop, Stadanna 2. Room, Seomraí 3. Priest, Sagairtí 4. Hundredth, Céadta 5. Year, Blianta

Keep practicing and building your Irish vocabulary!

Conclusion

Congratulations for making it to the end of this lesson, you have learned the basics of forming plurals in Irish. Remember to put this knowledge into practice by speaking with native speakers and asking them any questions. To improve your Irish Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. With consistency, you will become more proficient with Irish grammar and become closer to fluency. Keep up the good work! 😊

Sources


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