Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Nouns

Central Pashto Grammar - Nouns

Hi Central Pashto learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will discuss Central Pashto nouns. Nouns are an essential part of any language, and in Central Pashto grammar, they are known as واړۍ (warae). In this lesson, we will cover the different types of nouns in Central Pashto, their gender, and how they are used in sentences. By the end of this lesson, you will have a good understanding of Central Pashto nouns and how to use them correctly.

Types of Nouns

In Central Pashto, there are two types of nouns: موټ (moot) and نوم (num).

Moot nouns refer to living beings and are divided into three genders: مرد (mard) for male, زړه (zraa) for female, and چنګه (changha) for neutral or non-living beings.

Num nouns refer to non-living beings and are classified into two genders, مذکر (muzakkar) for masculine and مونث (mounas) for feminine.

Let's take a look at some examples:

Central Pashto	Pronunciation	English
مرد	mard	man
زړه	zraa	woman
چنګه	changha	tree
مذکر	muzakkar	book
مونث	mounas	pen

Gender of Nouns

In Central Pashto, gender plays a vital role in the formation of sentences. As mentioned earlier, moot nouns are classified into three genders, and num nouns are classified into two genders. It is essential to know the gender of a noun to use the proper verb and pronoun agreement.

For example, when referring to a man, we use the pronoun د (da), and when referring to a woman, we use the pronoun غ (gha). Similarly, when talking about masculine or feminine nouns, we use different pronouns and verbs.

Let's take a look at an example dialogue to understand this better:

• Person 1: د مرد څخه کوم ډیره کتابونه ته خریدلی شون؟ (Da mard tsakha kum diara kitabuna ta khareedli shun?) (Did the man buy many books?)
• Person 2: غ نه، دا د چنګ یوه کتاب دی. (Gha na, da da chang yowa kitab di.) (No, this is a book about trees.)

In the above example, you can see that the pronouns used for referring to the man and the woman are different. Similarly, the verb agreement changes when referring to masculine or feminine nouns. It is essential to get the gender of the noun right to use the correct agreement.

Plural Nouns

In Central Pashto, plural nouns are formed by adding suffixes or auxiliary words to the singular noun. There are several plural forms depending on the noun's gender, type, and suffix used. Here are a few examples:

Central Pashto	Singular	Plural
مرد	mard	مرل (mural)
مذکر	muzakkar	مضاحکر (muzahkar)
زړه	zraa	زریک (zarik)
مونث	mounas	موناوی (munawi)

In the plural forms, you can see that suffixes like ل (l), وی (wi), and انه (ana) have been added to the singular noun's base. It is important to remember that different plural forms are used for different nouns, and learning these forms takes time and practice.

Possessive Nouns

Possessive nouns are formed by adding suffixes to the base noun, indicating possession or ownership. In Central Pashto, there are several possessive suffixes, each denoting a different relationship between the owner and the object. Here are a few examples:

Central Pashto	Singular	Possessive Singular	Possessive Plural (Suffix -ئې)
کتاب	kitab	کتابې	کتابېئې
پیل	peyl	پیلې	پیلېئې
خوړونه	khwarrona	خوړونې	خوړونېئې

In the above table, you can see how the possessive forms have been created by adding suffixes to the singular or plural noun's base. Pay attention to the changes in the base word and the plural suffix added to create the possessive plural form.

Conclusion

Nouns are an essential part of Central Pashto grammar, and learning the different types, genders, and forms is critical to communicating in the language accurately. To improve your Central Pashto Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions! I hope this lesson has helped you understand Central Pashto nouns better.

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Sources

• Central Pashto
• Pashto Grammar