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<div class="pg_page_title">Belarusian Grammar - Nouns</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Belarusian Grammar - Nouns</div>
Hi Belarusian learners! 😊<br>In today's lesson, we will be discussing the basics of Belarusian nouns. We will cover topics such as gender, number, and case. By the end of this lesson, you will have a better understanding of how to use nouns in Belarusian.
 
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/belarusian Belarusian] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will cover the basics of Belarusian grammar - nouns. Nouns are an essential part of language and are used to name people, places, things, and ideas. Understanding how to use and decline Belarusian nouns will greatly improve your language skills!
 
__TOC__
__TOC__


== Gender ==
== What are nouns in Belarusian? ==
Nouns in Belarusian can be either masculine, feminine, or neuter. To determine the gender of a noun, you must look at the ending of the word.


=== Masculine ===
In Belarusian, a noun is a word used to name a person, place, thing, or idea. Nouns can be either masculine, feminine, or neuter.  
Masculine nouns typically end in -a, -u, -y, -i, -o, -ě, -ŭ, or -ń.  


Examples:  
Here's how you can recognize a masculine noun in Belarusian:
* дзекун (desk)
* Masculine nouns usually end in a consonant. Example: дом (dom) - house
* бацька (father)
* Masculine nouns that end in "а" or "я" are exceptions to this rule. Example: глеб (hlieb) - bread
* друг (friend)


=== Feminine ===
Here's how you can recognize a feminine noun in Belarusian:
Feminine nouns typically end in -a, -я, -ь, -и, -ы, -э, -у, or -ю.
* Feminine nouns usually end in "а". Example: кніга (kniha) - book
* Feminine nouns that end in a soft sign "ь" or "й" are exceptions to this rule. Example: ночт (nocht) - night


Examples:  
Here's how you can recognize a neuter noun in Belarusian:
* мама (mother)
* кніга (book)
* дароўна (gift)


=== Neuter ===
* Neuter nouns usually end in "а" or "о". Example: мора (mora) - sea
Neuter nouns typically end in -o, -e, -ě, -ę, -ė, -į, -ą, or -ų.


Examples:
== Declension of Nouns ==
* месца (place)
* дзеркала (mirror)
* падзем'е (underground)


== Number ==
In Belarusian, nouns have six cases.  
Nouns in Belarusian can be singular or plural. To form the plural of a noun, you must add the appropriate ending.  


=== Singular ===
{| class="wikitable"
Singular nouns typically end in -a, -u, -y, -i, -o, -ě, -ŭ, -a, -я, -ь, -и, -ы, -э, -у, -o, -e, -ě, -ę, -ė, -į, -ą, or -ų.
! Cases !! Function
|-
| Назоўны вакалічны (Nominative Case) || Used to indicate the subject
|-
| Родны (Genitive Case) || Used to indicate possession, negation, and indefinite quantities
|-
| Давальны (Dative Case) || Used to indicate the indirect object
|-
| Знаходны (Locative Case) || Used to indicate the location of the object
|-
| Мясцовы (Instrumental Case) || Used to indicate the means or tools used in the action
|-
| Вінавальны (Accusative Case) || Used to indicate the direct object
|}


Examples:
Here's a table showing the declension of a masculine noun "дом" (dom).
* дзекун (desk)
* мама (mother)
* месца (place)


=== Plural ===
{| class="wikitable"
Plural nouns typically end in -ы, -і, -оў, -аў, -яў, -ёў, -у, -ю, -ей, -ёй, -ай, -о́й, -ы́, -і́, -а́, or -я́.
! Cases !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| Назоўны вакалічны (Nominative Case) || дом || дамы
|-
| Родны (Genitive Case) || дому || доўмаў
|-
| Давальны (Dative Case) || дому || доўмам
|-
| Знаходны (Locative Case) || доме || да домаў
|-
| Мясцовы (Instrumental Case) || домам || з домамі
|-
| Вінавальны (Accusative Case) || дом || дамы
|}


Examples:  
Here's a dialogue so you can see them in context:
* дзекуны (desks)
* мамы (mothers)
* месцы (places)


== Case ==
* Person 1: Прывітанне! Гэта мой новы дом. (Hello! This is my new house.)
Nouns in Belarusian can be in one of seven cases. The cases are nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, locative, and vocative.  
* Person 2: Дзе знаходзіцца дом? (Where is the house located?)
* Person 1: Дом знаходзіцца на вуліцы Кастрычніцкай. (The house is located on Kastrycnitskaya street.)


=== Nominative ===
== Plurals ==
The nominative case is used for the subject of a sentence. It is also used for the predicate noun.


Examples:
In Belarusian, to form the plural of masculine and neuter nouns, you need to add "-ы" or "-і" to the end of the word. Feminine nouns that end with "-а" replace the "-а" with "-ы", whereas the ones that end with "-я" replace the "-я" with "-і".  
* Дзекун стаў на сталіцу. (The desk stood on the table.)
* Мама прачытала кнігу. (Mother read the book.)
* Месца было прыкладнае. (The place was convenient.)


=== Genitive ===
Here are some examples:
The genitive case is used to indicate possession.


Examples:
{| class="wikitable"
* Дзекун бацькі. (Father's desk.)
! Singular !! Plural
* Мамы дароўны. (Mother's gift.)
|-
* Месца друга. (Friend's place.)
| стол (stol) - table || сталы (staly) - tables
|-
| друзь (druzh) - friend || дружыя (druzhyya) - friends
|-
| вопера (vopera) - opera || оперы (opery) - operas
|}


=== Dative ===
Here's another dialogue so you can see it in context:
The dative case is used to indicate the indirect object of a sentence.


Examples:  
* Person 1: Я люблю слухаць аперу. (I love listening to opera.)
* Я дарую дзекуну бацьку. (I give the desk to father.)
* Person 2: Я тож люблю аперы. (I love operas too.)
* Я дарую маме дароўну. (I give the gift to mother.)
* Я дарую другу месца. (I give the place to friend.)


=== Accusative ===
== Irregular Nouns ==
The accusative case is used to indicate the direct object of a sentence.


Examples:  
Some nouns in Belarusian follow irregular declension patterns. Here are some:
* Я бачу дзекун. (I see the desk.)
* Я бачу маму. (I see the mother.)
* Я бачу месца. (I see the place.)


=== Instrumental ===
{| class="wikitable"
The instrumental case is used to indicate the means by which an action is done.
! Noun !! Nominative Singular !! Genitive Singular !! Nominative Plural
|-
| сын (syn) - son || сын || сына || сыны
|-
| дачка (dačka) - daughter || дачка || доўгі || доцяры
|-
| чалавек (chalavyek) - person || чалавек || чалавека || людзі
|}


Examples:  
Here's a dialogue so you can see them in context:
* Я пішоў дзекунам. (I went by desk.)
* Я пішоў мамай. (I went by mother.)
* Я пішоў месцам. (I went by place.)


=== Locative ===
* Person 1: Гэта мой сын. (This is my son.)
The locative case is used to indicate the location of an action.  
* Person 2: У тэбе многа сыноў? (Do you have many sons?)
* Person 1: Не, я маю толькі аднаго сына. (No, I only have one son.)


Examples:
== Cultural Information ==
* Я сядзю на дзекуне. (I sit on the desk.)
* Я сядзю на маме. (I sit on the mother.)
* Я сядзю на месцы. (I sit on the place.)


=== Vocative ===
Belarusian is an official language of Belarus, spoken by approximately 6.8 million people. It is a Slavic language and is closely related to Russian and Ukrainian. Belarusian has its own unique writing system, which is based on the Cyrillic script.  
The vocative case is used to address someone directly.  


Examples:
Belarus is known for its stunning natural beauty, including its lakes, forests, and national parks. The country is home to numerous UNESCO World Heritage Sites, such as the Mir Castle Complex and the Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park. Belarus is also famous for its folk art, traditional crafts, and delicious cuisine.
* Дзекун! (Desk!)
* Мама! (Mother!)
* Месца! (Place!)


<br><hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
To improve your [[Language/Belarusian|Belarusian]] [[Language/Belarusian/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=24 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/belarusian/question questions]!


== Sources ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusian_language Belarusian language]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_case Grammatical case]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus Belarus]


==Related Lessons==
{{#seo:
* [[Language/Belarusian/Grammar/Possession|Possession]]
|title=Belarusian Grammar - Nouns
* [[Language/Belarusian/Grammar/Prepositions|Prepositions]]
|keywords=Belarusian, Grammar, nouns, declension, plural, dialogue
* [[Language/Belarusian/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the basics of Belarusian grammar - nouns, including declension, plurals, and irregular nouns. You will also gain cultural information about Belarus.
* [[Language/Belarusian/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
}}
* [[Language/Belarusian/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Belarusian/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Belarusian/Grammar/Adverbs|Adverbs]]
* [[Language/Belarusian/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Belarusian/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]


{{Belarusian-Page-Bottom}}
{{Belarusian-Page-Bottom}}

Revision as of 20:05, 4 March 2023

Belarus-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png
Belarusian Grammar - Nouns

Hi Belarusian learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will cover the basics of Belarusian grammar - nouns. Nouns are an essential part of language and are used to name people, places, things, and ideas. Understanding how to use and decline Belarusian nouns will greatly improve your language skills!

What are nouns in Belarusian?

In Belarusian, a noun is a word used to name a person, place, thing, or idea. Nouns can be either masculine, feminine, or neuter.

Here's how you can recognize a masculine noun in Belarusian:

  • Masculine nouns usually end in a consonant. Example: дом (dom) - house
  • Masculine nouns that end in "а" or "я" are exceptions to this rule. Example: глеб (hlieb) - bread

Here's how you can recognize a feminine noun in Belarusian:

  • Feminine nouns usually end in "а". Example: кніга (kniha) - book
  • Feminine nouns that end in a soft sign "ь" or "й" are exceptions to this rule. Example: ночт (nocht) - night

Here's how you can recognize a neuter noun in Belarusian:

  • Neuter nouns usually end in "а" or "о". Example: мора (mora) - sea

Declension of Nouns

In Belarusian, nouns have six cases.

Cases Function
Назоўны вакалічны (Nominative Case) Used to indicate the subject
Родны (Genitive Case) Used to indicate possession, negation, and indefinite quantities
Давальны (Dative Case) Used to indicate the indirect object
Знаходны (Locative Case) Used to indicate the location of the object
Мясцовы (Instrumental Case) Used to indicate the means or tools used in the action
Вінавальны (Accusative Case) Used to indicate the direct object

Here's a table showing the declension of a masculine noun "дом" (dom).

Cases Singular Plural
Назоўны вакалічны (Nominative Case) дом дамы
Родны (Genitive Case) дому доўмаў
Давальны (Dative Case) дому доўмам
Знаходны (Locative Case) доме да домаў
Мясцовы (Instrumental Case) домам з домамі
Вінавальны (Accusative Case) дом дамы

Here's a dialogue so you can see them in context:

  • Person 1: Прывітанне! Гэта мой новы дом. (Hello! This is my new house.)
  • Person 2: Дзе знаходзіцца дом? (Where is the house located?)
  • Person 1: Дом знаходзіцца на вуліцы Кастрычніцкай. (The house is located on Kastrycnitskaya street.)

Plurals

In Belarusian, to form the plural of masculine and neuter nouns, you need to add "-ы" or "-і" to the end of the word. Feminine nouns that end with "-а" replace the "-а" with "-ы", whereas the ones that end with "-я" replace the "-я" with "-і".

Here are some examples:

Singular Plural
стол (stol) - table сталы (staly) - tables
друзь (druzh) - friend дружыя (druzhyya) - friends
вопера (vopera) - opera оперы (opery) - operas

Here's another dialogue so you can see it in context:

  • Person 1: Я люблю слухаць аперу. (I love listening to opera.)
  • Person 2: Я тож люблю аперы. (I love operas too.)

Irregular Nouns

Some nouns in Belarusian follow irregular declension patterns. Here are some:

Noun Nominative Singular Genitive Singular Nominative Plural
сын (syn) - son сын сына сыны
дачка (dačka) - daughter дачка доўгі доцяры
чалавек (chalavyek) - person чалавек чалавека людзі

Here's a dialogue so you can see them in context:

  • Person 1: Гэта мой сын. (This is my son.)
  • Person 2: У тэбе многа сыноў? (Do you have many sons?)
  • Person 1: Не, я маю толькі аднаго сына. (No, I only have one son.)

Cultural Information

Belarusian is an official language of Belarus, spoken by approximately 6.8 million people. It is a Slavic language and is closely related to Russian and Ukrainian. Belarusian has its own unique writing system, which is based on the Cyrillic script.

Belarus is known for its stunning natural beauty, including its lakes, forests, and national parks. The country is home to numerous UNESCO World Heritage Sites, such as the Mir Castle Complex and the Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park. Belarus is also famous for its folk art, traditional crafts, and delicious cuisine.

To improve your Belarusian Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

Sources


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