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<div class="pg_page_title">Welsh Grammar - Adjectives</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Welsh Grammar - Adjectives</div>
Hi Welsh learners! 😊<br>In today's lesson, we will be looking at Welsh adjectives. Adjectives are words that describe nouns and pronouns. They can be used to give more information about the noun or pronoun they are describing. In Welsh, adjectives have to agree with the noun or pronoun they are describing in terms of gender, number, and case.  
 
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/welsh Welsh] learners! 😊<br>
In this lesson, we will focus on adjectives in Welsh. Adjectives are important because they help us to describe nouns and to add detail to our conversations. We will cover the basics of adjectives and provide you with some examples to help you understand how they work.  


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Gender ==
== What is an adjective? ==
 
In Welsh, adjectives must agree with the gender of the noun or pronoun they are describing. There are three genders in Welsh: masculine, feminine, and neuter.
 
=== Masculine ===
 
Masculine adjectives end in -a in the singular and -oedd in the plural. For example:
 
* Singular: bach (small)
* Plural: bachoedd (small)
 
=== Feminine ===
 
Feminine adjectives end in -a in the singular and -e in the plural. For example:
 
* Singular: gwyrdd (green)
* Plural: gwyrdde (green)
 
=== Neuter ===


Neuter adjectives end in -o in the singular and -ydd in the plural. For example:
An adjective is a word that describes a noun. In Welsh, adjectives usually come after the noun, but there are some exceptions. Adjectives can describe many things, including color, size, shape, and personality.


* Singular: hir (long)
== Types of adjectives ==
* Plural: hirydd (long)


== Number ==
There are two main types of adjectives: qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative adjectives describe the quality of a noun, while quantitative adjectives describe the quantity of a noun.


In Welsh, adjectives must also agree with the number of the noun or pronoun they are describing. There are two numbers in Welsh: singular and plural.
=== Qualitative adjectives ===


=== Singular ===
Qualitative adjectives describe the qualities of a noun. They are used to describe the characteristics of a person, place, or thing. Here are some examples:


Singular adjectives end in -a for masculine and feminine nouns, and -o for neuter nouns. For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| tlawd  || /tlau̯d/ || poor
|-
| da  || /da/ || good
|-
| hyfryd || /ˈhəvrɨd/ || lovely
|-
| gwyn || /ɡwɪn/ || white
|}


* Masculine: bach (small)
Dialogues:
* Feminine: gwyrdd (green)
* Neuter: hir (long)


=== Plural ===
* Person 1: Mae'r tŷ hwn yn brin o offer. (This house is lacking in equipment.)
* Person 2: Oedd y tŷ hwn wastad yn dlawd. (This house was always poor.)


Plural adjectives end in -oedd for masculine nouns, -e for feminine nouns, and -ydd for neuter nouns. For example:
* Person 1: Dw i'n hoff iawn o'r ardd. Mae hi'n hyfryd. (I really like the garden. It's beautiful.)
* Person 2: Mae hi'n hyfryd iawn. (It's really lovely.)


* Masculine: bachoedd (small)
=== Quantitative adjectives ===
* Feminine: gwyrdde (green)
* Neuter: hirydd (long)


== Case ==
Quantitative adjectives describe the quantity of a noun. They are used to describe how many, how much, or how few of something there are. Here are some examples:


In Welsh, adjectives must also agree with the case of the noun or pronoun they are describing. There are three cases in Welsh: nominative, accusative, and genitive.  
{| class="wikitable"
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| un || /ɪn/ || one
|-
| dau || /daɪ/ || two
|-
| llawer || /ˈɬa.wer/ || many
|-
| afreolus || /avrɛolɪs/ || delicious
|}


=== Nominative ===
Dialogues:


Nominative adjectives end in -a for masculine and feminine nouns, and -o for neuter nouns. For example:
* Person 1: Sut mae'r bwyd? (How is the food?)
* Person 2: Mae hi'n afreolus iawn. (It's really delicious.)


* Masculine: bach (small)
* Person 1: Oedd lot o bobl yno? (Were there a lot of people there?)
* Feminine: gwyrdd (green)
* Person 2: Oedd, roedd llawer ohonynt. (Yes, there were many of them.)
* Neuter: hir (long)


=== Accusative ===
== Comparison of adjectives ==


Accusative adjectives end in -a for masculine and feminine nouns, and -o for neuter nouns. For example:
In Welsh, adjectives can be compared to show degrees of comparison, like in English. There are three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative, and superlative. To make the comparative form of an adjective, you add the suffix -ach to the end of the word. To make the superlative form, you add the word mwy (more) before the comparative form. Here are some examples:


* Masculine: bacha (small)
{| class="wikitable"
* Feminine: gwyrdda (green)
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English
* Neuter: hiro (long)
|-
| mawr || /maʊr/ || big
|-
| tlawd || /tlau̯d/ || poor
|-
| tebyg || /ˈtɛbɪɡ/ || similar
|-
| cystadleuol || /kəsˈtadlɛɨ̯ɔl/ || competitive
|}


=== Genitive ===
Dialogues:


Genitive adjectives end in -a for masculine and feminine nouns, and -o for neuter nouns. For example:
* Person 1: Mae'r ci yn fwy na'r gath. (The dog is bigger than the cat.)
* Person 2: Mae'r ci'n fwy cystadleuol hefyd. (The dog is more competitive too.)


* Masculine: bachaf (small)
* Person 1: Ble mae'r arian? (Where is the money?)
* Feminine: gwyrddaf (green)
* Person 2: Mae'r arian yn llawer tlawdach nag y meddech chi. (The money is much poorer than you think.)
* Neuter: hiraf (long)


That's it for today's lesson on Welsh adjectives! Remember, adjectives must agree with the gender, number, and case of the noun or pronoun they are describing.
== Mutation of adjectives ==


<hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
In Welsh, some adjectives undergo mutations depending on the word they are describing. There are two types of mutations: soft mutations and aspirate mutations. We use soft mutation after the definite article, after the possessive pronouns, and in some cases after the prepositions. We use aspirate mutations after the negative particle 'ddim' and after the relative particle 'a'. Here are some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
! Welsh !! Mutation type !! English
|-
| tŷ bach || Soft mutation || Small house
|-
| fy nhaith || Soft mutation || My journey
|-
| saeth las || Aspirate mutation || Blue arrow
|-
| dim byd da || Aspirate mutation || Nothing good
|}


Dialogues:


==Videos==
* Person 1: Dw i'n hoffi'r ci bach. (I like the small dog.)
* Person 2: Mae hi'n ci da iawn yn ogystal. (It's also a very good dog.)


===Welsh adjectives | Beginner Welsh Lessons for Children - YouTube===
* Person 1: Un o fy hoff lefydd yn y byd yw fy nheulu. (One of my favorite places in the world is my family.)
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cXkXUtwBOWg</youtube>
* Person 2: Mae llygaid las ar fy nghi. (I have blue eyes.)


===Welsh adjectives 2 | Beginner Welsh Lessons for Children - YouTube===
== Conclusion ==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OwMOFgp_aqU</youtube>


Learning adjectives is an important part of improving your Welsh [https://polyglotclub.com/language/welsh Welsh] [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=141 language] skills. By using adjectives, you can make your conversations more vibrant and descriptive. Don't forget to use mutation when appropriate! If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


==Related Lessons==
{{#seo:
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
|title=Welsh Grammar - Adjectives
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
|keywords=welsh adjectives, qualitative adjectives, quantitative adjectives, comparison of adjectives, mutation of adjectives
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/The-article|The article]]
|description=Learn about adjectives in Welsh! Discover how to use qualitative and quantitative adjectives, compare them, and mutate them according to the word they describe.
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
}}
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]


{{Welsh-Page-Bottom}}
{{Welsh-Page-Bottom}}

Revision as of 16:25, 2 March 2023

Welsh-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Welsh Grammar - Adjectives

Hi Welsh learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will focus on adjectives in Welsh. Adjectives are important because they help us to describe nouns and to add detail to our conversations. We will cover the basics of adjectives and provide you with some examples to help you understand how they work.

What is an adjective?

An adjective is a word that describes a noun. In Welsh, adjectives usually come after the noun, but there are some exceptions. Adjectives can describe many things, including color, size, shape, and personality.

Types of adjectives

There are two main types of adjectives: qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative adjectives describe the quality of a noun, while quantitative adjectives describe the quantity of a noun.

Qualitative adjectives

Qualitative adjectives describe the qualities of a noun. They are used to describe the characteristics of a person, place, or thing. Here are some examples:

Welsh Pronunciation English
tlawd /tlau̯d/ poor
da /da/ good
hyfryd /ˈhəvrɨd/ lovely
gwyn /ɡwɪn/ white

Dialogues:

  • Person 1: Mae'r tŷ hwn yn brin o offer. (This house is lacking in equipment.)
  • Person 2: Oedd y tŷ hwn wastad yn dlawd. (This house was always poor.)
  • Person 1: Dw i'n hoff iawn o'r ardd. Mae hi'n hyfryd. (I really like the garden. It's beautiful.)
  • Person 2: Mae hi'n hyfryd iawn. (It's really lovely.)

Quantitative adjectives

Quantitative adjectives describe the quantity of a noun. They are used to describe how many, how much, or how few of something there are. Here are some examples:

Welsh Pronunciation English
un /ɪn/ one
dau /daɪ/ two
llawer /ˈɬa.wer/ many
afreolus /avrɛolɪs/ delicious

Dialogues:

  • Person 1: Sut mae'r bwyd? (How is the food?)
  • Person 2: Mae hi'n afreolus iawn. (It's really delicious.)
  • Person 1: Oedd lot o bobl yno? (Were there a lot of people there?)
  • Person 2: Oedd, roedd llawer ohonynt. (Yes, there were many of them.)

Comparison of adjectives

In Welsh, adjectives can be compared to show degrees of comparison, like in English. There are three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative, and superlative. To make the comparative form of an adjective, you add the suffix -ach to the end of the word. To make the superlative form, you add the word mwy (more) before the comparative form. Here are some examples:

Welsh Pronunciation English
mawr /maʊr/ big
tlawd /tlau̯d/ poor
tebyg /ˈtɛbɪɡ/ similar
cystadleuol /kəsˈtadlɛɨ̯ɔl/ competitive

Dialogues:

  • Person 1: Mae'r ci yn fwy na'r gath. (The dog is bigger than the cat.)
  • Person 2: Mae'r ci'n fwy cystadleuol hefyd. (The dog is more competitive too.)
  • Person 1: Ble mae'r arian? (Where is the money?)
  • Person 2: Mae'r arian yn llawer tlawdach nag y meddech chi. (The money is much poorer than you think.)

Mutation of adjectives

In Welsh, some adjectives undergo mutations depending on the word they are describing. There are two types of mutations: soft mutations and aspirate mutations. We use soft mutation after the definite article, after the possessive pronouns, and in some cases after the prepositions. We use aspirate mutations after the negative particle 'ddim' and after the relative particle 'a'. Here are some examples:

Welsh Mutation type English
tŷ bach Soft mutation Small house
fy nhaith Soft mutation My journey
saeth las Aspirate mutation Blue arrow
dim byd da Aspirate mutation Nothing good

Dialogues:

  • Person 1: Dw i'n hoffi'r ci bach. (I like the small dog.)
  • Person 2: Mae hi'n ci da iawn yn ogystal. (It's also a very good dog.)
  • Person 1: Un o fy hoff lefydd yn y byd yw fy nheulu. (One of my favorite places in the world is my family.)
  • Person 2: Mae llygaid las ar fy nghi. (I have blue eyes.)

Conclusion

Learning adjectives is an important part of improving your Welsh Welsh language skills. By using adjectives, you can make your conversations more vibrant and descriptive. Don't forget to use mutation when appropriate! If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


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