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<div class="pg_page_title">Turkmen Grammar - Adjectives</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Turkmen Grammar - Adjectives</div>
Hi Turkmen learners! 😊<br>In today's lesson, we will be discussing adjectives in the Turkmen language. Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns and pronouns. They can be used to give more information about a person, place, thing, or idea. In this lesson, we will look at how to form adjectives in Turkmen, as well as how to use them in sentences.
 
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/turkmen Turkmen] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will focus on Turkmen adjectives. Adjectives are an essential part of speech as they add detail and description to a sentence. In Turkmen, adjectives are used to modify or describe nouns, pronouns, or other adjectives. They also agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they are modifying. We will cover all of these concepts and more, so let's get started!
 
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== Formation of Adjectives ==
== Forming Adjectives ==
In Turkmen, adjectives are generally formed by adding the suffix "-ly" to a noun. For example:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Turkmen !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| kitap || [kitaːp] || book
|-
| kitaply || [kitaːplɯ] || bookish/book-like
|-
| ýigit || [jiːɡit] || boy
|-
| ýigitli || [jiːɡitli] || boyish
|}
 
As you can see in the examples above, the suffix "-ly" is added to the end of the noun to form the adjective. It's important to note that sometimes additional letters might be added to the suffix "-ly," such as "s" or "t," depending on the ending of the original noun.
 
== Agreement of Adjectives ==
Turkmen adjectives agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify. This means that the ending of the adjective changes to match the ending of the noun.
 
=== Gender Agreement ===
In Turkmen, nouns are either masculine or feminine. Adjectives will have an -a ending if they are modifying a feminine noun and an -y ending if they are modifying a masculine noun. For example:


Adjectives in Turkmen are formed by adding suffixes to nouns. The suffixes depend on the gender and number of the noun they are modifying. For example, the suffix "-li" is added to masculine singular nouns, while the suffix "-ly" is added to feminine singular nouns. Here are some examples:
{| class="wikitable"
! Turkmen !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| göz || [ɡœz] || eye
|-
| gözüň || [ɡœzyŋ] || his/her eye
|-
| gözeli || [ɡœzeli] || pretty (feminine)
|-
| köpek || [køpɛk] || dog
|-
| köpüň || [køpyŋ] || his/her dog
|-
| köpüni || [køpyni] || dog (accusative)
|-
| köpüňli || [køpyŋli] || dog-like (masculine)
|}


* Masculine Singular: adam (man) + li = adamli (manly)
As shown in the examples above, the adjective "gözeli" has an -a ending because it's modifying the feminine noun "göz" (eye), while the adjective "köpüňli" has a -y ending because it's modifying the masculine noun "köpek" (dog).
* Feminine Singular: gyz (girl) + ly = gyzly (girlish)  


The suffixes also change depending on the number of the noun. For example, the suffix "-ly" is added to plural nouns, regardless of gender. Here are some examples:  
=== Number Agreement ===
Adjectives in Turkmen also agree in number with the nouns they modify. If the noun is singular, the adjective also needs to be in the singular form, and if the noun is plural, the adjective needs to be in the plural form. For example:


* Plural: adamlar (men) + ly = adamlary (manly)  
{| class="wikitable"
* Plural: gyzlar (girls) + ly = gyzlary (girlish)
! Turkmen !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| gül || [ɡyl] || flower
|-
| gülüň || [ɡylʊŋ] || his/her flower
|-
| gülüňli || [ɡylʊŋli] || flowery
|-
| güller || [ɡyllɛr] || flowers
|-
| gülleriň || [ɡyllɛriŋ] || his/her flowers
|-
| gülleriňli || [ɡyllɛriŋli] || flowery (plural)
|}


== Using Adjectives in Sentences ==
In the examples above, you can see that the adjective "gülüňli" means "flowery," but when modifying the plural noun "güller" (flowers), it becomes "gülleriňli."


Adjectives can be used to give more information about a noun or pronoun. They can be placed before or after the noun or pronoun they are modifying. Here are some examples:  
=== Case Agreement ===
Finally, adjectives also agree in case with the nouns they modify. This means that the ending of the adjective changes to match the case of the noun. For example:


* Adamli ýaşaýyş otagy (Manly living room)
{| class="wikitable"
* Otagyň adamlydygy (That the room was manly)
! Turkmen !! Pronunciation !! English
* Gyzly ýaşaýyş otagy (Girlish living room)  
|-
* Otagyň gyzlydygy (That the room was girlish)  
| ýol || [jol] || road
|-
| ýolyň || [jolʊŋ] || of the road
|-
| ýolaky || [jolɑkɯ] || road-like (nominative)
|-
| ýolakyň || [jolɑkɯŋ] || of road-like (genitive)
|}


Adjectives can also be used to compare two or more nouns or pronouns. This is done by adding the suffix "-dan" to the adjective. Here are some examples:
In the example above, "ýolaky" is the nominative form of the adjective (meaning it's the subject of the sentence), while "ýolakyň" is the genitive form (meaning it's showing possession or relation).


* Adamlydan gyzly (More manly than girlish)  
== Comparison of Adjectives ==
* Gyzlydan adamly (More girlish than manly)  
Adjectives in Turkmen can be compared using the suffixes "-da" (for comparative) and "-dan" (for superlative). For example:


== Conclusion ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Turkmen !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| iyi || [iji] || good
|-
| iýe-da || [ijiːe.dɑ] || better
|-
| iýe-dan || [ijiːe.dɑn] || best
|}
 
In the example above, "iýe-da" means "better," while "iýe-dan" means "best."
 
== Dialogue ==
To help you better understand how adjectives are used in context, here's a dialogue between two friends:


In this lesson, we have looked at how to form and use adjectives in the Turkmen language. We have seen that adjectives are formed by adding suffixes to nouns, and that they can be used to give more information about a noun or pronoun, or to compare two or more nouns or pronouns.  
* Friend 1: Salam, bugün hawa iýi. (Hello, the weather is nice today.)
* Friend 2: Hawa gowy däl ýaly dünýämiň en gyzykly hawa däl. (The weather isn't as good as the world's sweetest weather.)
* Friend 1: Özüň hawa barada hemmesi bilýär. (Everyone knows about the weather.)
* Friend 2: Ol ýokary howply. (It's extremely beautiful.)


<hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
== Conclusion ==
That's it for this lesson on Turkmen adjectives! Remember, adjectives are a crucial component of Turkmen grammar and are used to add detail and description to sentences. By following the rules of gender, number, and case agreement, you can use adjectives like a native speaker. If you want to practice your skills, you can [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=134 find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/turkmen/question questions] you might have. You can also check out other [https://polyglotclub.com/language/turkmen Turkmen] [http://polyglotclub.com/language/turkmen/grammar Grammar] lessons on [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club].  


<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


==Related Lessons==
{{#seo:
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
|title=Turkmen Grammar - Adjectives
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]]
|keywords=Turkmen, Turkmen adjectives, grammars, language learning
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Personal-pronouns|Personal pronouns]]
|description=In this lesson, we will focus on Turkmen adjectives, their agreement in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify, and how to compare them. Read on to learn more!
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Question-particle–my-mi|Question particle–my mi]]
}}
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Adverbs|Adverbs]]
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/The-Case-system|The Case system]]
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]


{{Turkmen-Page-Bottom}}
{{Turkmen-Page-Bottom}}

Revision as of 15:50, 2 March 2023

Turkmen-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Turkmen Grammar - Adjectives

Hi Turkmen learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will focus on Turkmen adjectives. Adjectives are an essential part of speech as they add detail and description to a sentence. In Turkmen, adjectives are used to modify or describe nouns, pronouns, or other adjectives. They also agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they are modifying. We will cover all of these concepts and more, so let's get started!

Forming Adjectives

In Turkmen, adjectives are generally formed by adding the suffix "-ly" to a noun. For example:

Turkmen Pronunciation English
kitap [kitaːp] book
kitaply [kitaːplɯ] bookish/book-like
ýigit [jiːɡit] boy
ýigitli [jiːɡitli] boyish

As you can see in the examples above, the suffix "-ly" is added to the end of the noun to form the adjective. It's important to note that sometimes additional letters might be added to the suffix "-ly," such as "s" or "t," depending on the ending of the original noun.

Agreement of Adjectives

Turkmen adjectives agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify. This means that the ending of the adjective changes to match the ending of the noun.

Gender Agreement

In Turkmen, nouns are either masculine or feminine. Adjectives will have an -a ending if they are modifying a feminine noun and an -y ending if they are modifying a masculine noun. For example:

Turkmen Pronunciation English
göz [ɡœz] eye
gözüň [ɡœzyŋ] his/her eye
gözeli [ɡœzeli] pretty (feminine)
köpek [køpɛk] dog
köpüň [køpyŋ] his/her dog
köpüni [køpyni] dog (accusative)
köpüňli [køpyŋli] dog-like (masculine)

As shown in the examples above, the adjective "gözeli" has an -a ending because it's modifying the feminine noun "göz" (eye), while the adjective "köpüňli" has a -y ending because it's modifying the masculine noun "köpek" (dog).

Number Agreement

Adjectives in Turkmen also agree in number with the nouns they modify. If the noun is singular, the adjective also needs to be in the singular form, and if the noun is plural, the adjective needs to be in the plural form. For example:

Turkmen Pronunciation English
gül [ɡyl] flower
gülüň [ɡylʊŋ] his/her flower
gülüňli [ɡylʊŋli] flowery
güller [ɡyllɛr] flowers
gülleriň [ɡyllɛriŋ] his/her flowers
gülleriňli [ɡyllɛriŋli] flowery (plural)

In the examples above, you can see that the adjective "gülüňli" means "flowery," but when modifying the plural noun "güller" (flowers), it becomes "gülleriňli."

Case Agreement

Finally, adjectives also agree in case with the nouns they modify. This means that the ending of the adjective changes to match the case of the noun. For example:

Turkmen Pronunciation English
ýol [jol] road
ýolyň [jolʊŋ] of the road
ýolaky [jolɑkɯ] road-like (nominative)
ýolakyň [jolɑkɯŋ] of road-like (genitive)

In the example above, "ýolaky" is the nominative form of the adjective (meaning it's the subject of the sentence), while "ýolakyň" is the genitive form (meaning it's showing possession or relation).

Comparison of Adjectives

Adjectives in Turkmen can be compared using the suffixes "-da" (for comparative) and "-dan" (for superlative). For example:

Turkmen Pronunciation English
iyi [iji] good
iýe-da [ijiːe.dɑ] better
iýe-dan [ijiːe.dɑn] best

In the example above, "iýe-da" means "better," while "iýe-dan" means "best."

Dialogue

To help you better understand how adjectives are used in context, here's a dialogue between two friends:

  • Friend 1: Salam, bugün hawa iýi. (Hello, the weather is nice today.)
  • Friend 2: Hawa gowy däl ýaly dünýämiň en gyzykly hawa däl. (The weather isn't as good as the world's sweetest weather.)
  • Friend 1: Özüň hawa barada hemmesi bilýär. (Everyone knows about the weather.)
  • Friend 2: Ol ýokary howply. (It's extremely beautiful.)

Conclusion

That's it for this lesson on Turkmen adjectives! Remember, adjectives are a crucial component of Turkmen grammar and are used to add detail and description to sentences. By following the rules of gender, number, and case agreement, you can use adjectives like a native speaker. If you want to practice your skills, you can find native speakers and ask them any questions you might have. You can also check out other Turkmen Grammar lessons on Polyglot Club.

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


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