Language/Esperanto/Grammar/Plurals

Esperanto Grammar - Plurals

Hi Esperanto learners!😊
Learning Esperanto Grammar can be a challenge, but it's also a lot of fun! In this lesson, we'll be looking at plurals in Esperanto.

What are Plurals?

Plurals are words that refer to more than one person, place, or thing. In English, we usually add an 's' to the end of a word to make it plural. For example, the word "cat" becomes "cats" when it is plural.

In Esperanto, plurals are formed differently. Instead of adding an 's', you add a 'j'. For example, the word "kato" (cat) becomes "katoj" (cats).

Plural Endings

The ending 'j' is used for most nouns in Esperanto. However, there are some exceptions. Here are the different endings for plurals in Esperanto:

• Nouns ending in 'o': add 'j' (e.g. kato → katoj)
• Nouns ending in 'a': add 'j' (e.g. hundo → hundoj)
• Nouns ending in 'e': add 'j' (e.g. birdo → birdoj)
• Nouns ending in 'i': add 'j' (e.g. floro → floroj)
• Nouns ending in 'u': add 'j' (e.g. domo → domoj)
• Nouns ending in 'an': add 'oj' (e.g. urbo → urboj)
• Nouns ending in 'on': add 'oj' (e.g. leono → leonoj)
• Nouns ending in 'ar': add 'oj' (e.g. akvo → akvoj)

Plural Adjectives

Adjectives also change when they are used with plural nouns. To make an adjective plural, you add the ending 'aj'. For example, the word "bela" (beautiful) becomes "belaj" (beautiful) when it is used with a plural noun.

Plural Pronouns

Pronouns also change when they are used with plural nouns. To make a pronoun plural, you add the ending 'j'. For example, the word "mi" (I) becomes "ni" (we) when it is used with a plural noun.

Practice

Now that you know how to form plurals in Esperanto, it's time to practice! Try making the following words plural:

• domo (house)
• hundo (dog)
• floro (flower)

Answer: domoj, hundoj, floroj.

To improve your Esperanto Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

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