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Hi Pulaar learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn about negation in Pulaar. Negation is an important part of any language, and it is essential to understand how to use it correctly in order to communicate effectively.
Negation is the process of making a statement or phrase negative. In Pulaar, there are two main ways to make a statement negative: by using the negative particle hina or by using the negative verb hinaa.
Using the Negative Particle Hina
The negative particle hina is used to make a statement negative. It is placed before the verb in a sentence. For example:
| Pulaar | Pronunciation | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| A ndaa hinaa ñaawiraa | Ah n-dah hee-nah nyah-wee-rah | I don't understand |
| A ndaa hinaa waɗaa | Ah n-dah hee-nah wah-dah | I don't want |
| A ndaa hinaa yiɗaa | Ah n-dah hee-nah yee-dah | I don't have |
| A ndaa hinaa jeyaa | Ah n-dah hee-nah jeh-yah | I don't know |
Using the Negative Verb Hinaa
The negative verb hinaa is used to make a statement negative. It is placed after the subject in a sentence. For example:
| Pulaar | Pronunciation | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| A ndaa ñaawiraa hinaa | Ah n-dah nyah-wee-rah hee-nah | I don't understand |
| A ndaa waɗaa hinaa | Ah n-dah wah-dah hee-nah | I don't want |
| A ndaa yiɗaa hinaa | Ah n-dah yee-dah hee-nah | I don't have |
| A ndaa jeyaa hinaa | Ah n-dah jeh-yah hee-nah | I don't know |
It is important to note that the negative particle hina and the negative verb hinaa cannot be used interchangeably. The choice of which one to use depends on the context of the sentence.
Examples
Here are some examples of sentences using negation in Pulaar:
| Pulaar | Pronunciation | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| A ndaa hinaa ñaawiraa | Ah n-dah hee-nah nyah-wee-rah | I don't understand |
| A ndaa ñaawiraa hinaa | Ah n-dah nyah-wee-rah hee-nah | I don't understand |
| A ndaa hinaa waɗaa | Ah n-dah hee-nah wah-dah | I don't want |
| A ndaa waɗaa hinaa | Ah n-dah wah-dah hee-nah | I don't want |
| A ndaa hinaa yiɗaa | Ah n-dah hee-nah yee-dah | I don't have |
| A ndaa yiɗaa hinaa | Ah n-dah yee-dah hee-nah | I don't have |
| A ndaa hinaa jeyaa | Ah n-dah hee-nah jeh-yah | I don't know |
| A ndaa jeyaa hinaa | Ah n-dah jeh-yah hee-nah | I don't know |
Practice
To improve your Pulaar Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!
➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎