Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Grammar/Various-word-orders-in-various-languages"
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*Example sentence 2 has a <span style="background-color:pink">subject</span>, a <span style="background-color:greenyellow">verb</span>, a <span style="background-color:wheat">direct object</span>. | *Example sentence 2 has a <span style="background-color:pink">subject</span>, a <span style="background-color:greenyellow">verb</span>, a <span style="background-color:wheat">direct object</span>. | ||
*Example sentence 3 has a <span style="background-color:pink">subject</span>, a <span style="background-color:greenyellow">verb</span>, a <span style="background-color:wheat">direct object</span>, an <span style="background-color: | *Example sentence 3 has a <span style="background-color:pink">subject</span>, a <span style="background-color:greenyellow">verb</span>, a <span style="background-color:wheat">direct object</span>, an <span style="background-color:lightcyan">indirect object</span>. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!SOV language | !SOV language | ||
!example | !example 1 | ||
!example | !example 2 | ||
!example | !example 3 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Hindi | |Hindi | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">वह</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">जाएगी</span>। | |<span style="background-color:pink">वह</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">जाएगी</span>। | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">मुझे</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">एक इमारत</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">दिखाई देती है</span>। | |<span style="background-color:pink">मुझे</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">एक इमारत</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">दिखाई देती है</span>। | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">तुमने</span> <span style="background-color: | |<span style="background-color:pink">तुमने</span> <span style="background-color:lightcyan">उसे</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">कलम</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">दे दी</span>। | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Japanese | |Japanese | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">彼女が</span><span style="background-color:greenyellow">行きます</span>。 | |<span style="background-color:pink">彼女が</span><span style="background-color:greenyellow">行きます</span>。 | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">私は</span><span style="background-color:wheat">建物を</span><span style="background-color:greenyellow">見る</span>。 | |<span style="background-color:pink">私は</span><span style="background-color:wheat">建物を</span><span style="background-color:greenyellow">見る</span>。 | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">あなたは</span><span style="background-color: | |<span style="background-color:pink">あなたは</span><span style="background-color:lightcyan">彼に</span><span style="background-color:wheat">ペンを</span><span style="background-color:greenyellow">与えた</span>。 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Korean | |Korean | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">그녀가</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">갈거야</span>. | |<span style="background-color:pink">그녀가</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">갈거야</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">나는</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">건물을</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">본다</span>. | |<span style="background-color:pink">나는</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">건물을</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">본다</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">당신은</span> <span style="background-color: | |<span style="background-color:pink">당신은</span> <span style="background-color:lightcyan">그에게</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">펜을</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">줬다</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Iranian Persian | |Iranian Persian | ||
| style="text-align:right;" |.<span style="background-color:pink">او</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">خواهد رفت</span> | | style="text-align:right;" |.<span style="background-color:pink">او</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">خواهد رفت</span> | ||
| style="text-align:right;" |.<span style="background-color:pink">من</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">یک ساختمان</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">را می بینم</span> | | style="text-align:right;" |.<span style="background-color:pink">من</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">یک ساختمان</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">را می بینم</span> | ||
| style="text-align:right;" |.<span style="background-color:pink">شما</span> <span style="background-color: | | style="text-align:right;" |.<span style="background-color:pink">شما</span> <span style="background-color:lightcyan">به او</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">یک قلم</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">دادید</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Turkish | |Turkish | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">O</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">gidecek</span>. | |<span style="background-color:pink">O</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">gidecek</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:wheat">Bir bina</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">görüyorum</span>. | |<span style="background-color:wheat">Bir bina</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">görüyorum</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color: | |<span style="background-color:lightcyan">Ona</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">bir kalem</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">verdin</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!SVO language | !SVO language | ||
!example | !example 1 | ||
!example | !example 2 | ||
!example | !example 3 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Dutch | |Dutch | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">Ze</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">zal gaan</span>. | |<span style="background-color:pink">Ze</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">zal gaan</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">Ik</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">zie</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">een gebouw</span>. | |<span style="background-color:pink">Ik</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">zie</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">een gebouw</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">Je</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">gaf</span> <span style="background-color: | |<span style="background-color:pink">Je</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">gaf</span> <span style="background-color:lightcyan">hem</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">een pen</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|English | |English | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">She</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">will go</span>. | |<span style="background-color:pink">She</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">will go</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">I</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">see</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">a building</span>. | |<span style="background-color:pink">I</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">see</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">a building</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">You</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">gave</span> <span style="background-color: | |<span style="background-color:pink">You</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">gave</span> <span style="background-color:lightcyan">him</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">a pen</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Esperanto | |Esperanto | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">Ŝi</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">iros</span>. | |<span style="background-color:pink">Ŝi</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">iros</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">Mi</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">vidas</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">konstuaĵon</span>. | |<span style="background-color:pink">Mi</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">vidas</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">konstuaĵon</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">Vi</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">donis</span> <span style="background-color: | |<span style="background-color:pink">Vi</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">donis</span> <span style="background-color:lightcyan">al li</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">plumon</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|French | |French | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">Elle</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">ira</span>. | |<span style="background-color:pink">Elle</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">ira</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">Je</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">vois</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">un bâtiment</span>. | |<span style="background-color:pink">Je</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">vois</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">un bâtiment</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">Vous</span> <span style="background-color: | |<span style="background-color:pink">Vous</span> <span style="background-color:lightcyan">lui</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">avez donné</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">un stylo</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|German | |German | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">Sie</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">wird gehen</span>. | |<span style="background-color:pink">Sie</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">wird gehen</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">Ich</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">sehe</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">ein Gebäude</span>. | |<span style="background-color:pink">Ich</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">sehe</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">ein Gebäude</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">Du</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">gabst</span> <span style="background-color: | |<span style="background-color:pink">Du</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">gabst</span> <span style="background-color:lightcyan">ihm</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">einen Stift</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Greek | |Greek | ||
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|<span style="background-color:pink">Lei</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">andrà</span>. | |<span style="background-color:pink">Lei</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">andrà</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Vedo</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">un edificio</span>. | |<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Vedo</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">un edificio</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color: | |<span style="background-color:lightcyan">Gli</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">hai dato</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">una penna</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Mandarin Chinese | |Mandarin Chinese | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">她</span><span style="background-color:greenyellow">會去</span>。/<span style="background-color:pink">她</span><span style="background-color:greenyellow">会去</span>。 | |<span style="background-color:pink">她</span><span style="background-color:greenyellow">會去</span>。/<span style="background-color:pink">她</span><span style="background-color:greenyellow">会去</span>。 | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">我</span><span style="background-color:greenyellow">看到</span><span style="background-color:wheat">一座建築物</span>。/<span style="background-color:pink">我</span><span style="background-color:greenyellow">看到</span><span style="background-color:wheat">一座建筑物</span>。 | |<span style="background-color:pink">我</span><span style="background-color:greenyellow">看到</span><span style="background-color:wheat">一座建築物</span>。/<span style="background-color:pink">我</span><span style="background-color:greenyellow">看到</span><span style="background-color:wheat">一座建筑物</span>。 | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">你</span><span style="background-color:greenyellow">給</span><span style="background-color: | |<span style="background-color:pink">你</span><span style="background-color:greenyellow">給</span><span style="background-color:lightcyan">他</span><span style="background-color:wheat">一支鋼筆</span>。/<span style="background-color:pink">你</span><span style="background-color:greenyellow">给</span><span style="background-color:lightcyan">他</span><span style="background-color:wheat">一支钢笔</span>。 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Polish | |Polish | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">Ona</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">pójdzie</span>. | |<span style="background-color:pink">Ona</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">pójdzie</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Widzę</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">budynek</span>. | |<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Widzę</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">budynek</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Dałeś</span> <span style="background-color: | |<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Dałeś</span> <span style="background-color:lightcyan">mu</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">długopis</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Portugese | |Portugese | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">Ela</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">vai</span>. | |<span style="background-color:pink">Ela</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">vai</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">Eu</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">vejo</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">um prédio</span>. | |<span style="background-color:pink">Eu</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">vejo</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">um prédio</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">Você</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">deu</span> <span style="background-color: | |<span style="background-color:pink">Você</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">deu</span> <span style="background-color:lightcyan">a ele</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">uma caneta</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Russian | |Russian | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">Она</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">пойдет</span>. | |<span style="background-color:pink">Она</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">пойдет</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">Я</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">вижу</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">здание</span>. | |<span style="background-color:pink">Я</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">вижу</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">здание</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">Вы</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">дали</span> <span style="background-color: | |<span style="background-color:pink">Вы</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">дали</span> <span style="background-color:lightcyan">ему</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">ручку</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Spanish | |Spanish | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">Ella</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">irá</span>. | |<span style="background-color:pink">Ella</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">irá</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Veo</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">un edificio</span>. | |<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Veo</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">un edificio</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color: | |<span style="background-color:lightcyan">Le</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">diste</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">una pluma</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Ukranian | |Ukranian | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">Вона</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">піде</span>. | |<span style="background-color:pink">Вона</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">піде</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">Я</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">бачу</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">будівлю</span>. | |<span style="background-color:pink">Я</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">бачу</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">будівлю</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">Ти</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">дав</span> <span style="background-color: | |<span style="background-color:pink">Ти</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">дав</span> <span style="background-color:lightcyan">йому</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">ручку</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Vietnamese | |Vietnamese | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">Cô ấy</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">sẽ đi</span>. | |<span style="background-color:pink">Cô ấy</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">sẽ đi</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">Tôi</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">thấy</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">một tòa nhà</span>. | |<span style="background-color:pink">Tôi</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">thấy</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">một tòa nhà</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:pink">Bạn</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">đưa cho</span> <span style="background-color: | |<span style="background-color:pink">Bạn</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">đưa cho</span> <span style="background-color:lightcyan">anh</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">một cây bút</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!VSO language | !VSO language | ||
!example | !example 1 | ||
!example | !example 2 | ||
!example | !example 3 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Filipino | |Filipino | ||
|<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Pupunta</span> <span style="background-color:pink">siya</span>. | |<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Pupunta</span> <span style="background-color:pink">siya</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Nakikita</span> <span style="background-color:pink">ko</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">ang isang gusali</span>. | |<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Nakikita</span> <span style="background-color:pink">ko</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">ang isang gusali</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Binigyan</span> <span style="background-color:pink">mo</span> <span style="background-color: | |<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Binigyan</span> <span style="background-color:pink">mo</span> <span style="background-color:lightcyan">siya</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">ng panulat</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Irish | |Irish | ||
|<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Beidh</span> <span style="background-color:pink">sí ag</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">dul</span>. | |<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Beidh</span> <span style="background-color:pink">sí ag</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">dul</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Feicim</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">foirgneamh</span>. | |<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Feicim</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">foirgneamh</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Thug</span> <span style="background-color:pink">tú</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">peann</span> <span style="background-color: | |<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Thug</span> <span style="background-color:pink">tú</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">peann</span> <span style="background-color:lightcyan">air</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Welsh | |Welsh | ||
|<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Bydd</span> <span style="background-color:pink">hi'n</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">mynd</span>. | |<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Bydd</span> <span style="background-color:pink">hi'n</span> <span style="background-color:greenyellow">mynd</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Gwelaf</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">adeilad</span>. | |<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Gwelaf</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">adeilad</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Rhoddodd</span> <span style="background-color:pink">eich</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">ysgrifbin</span> <span style="background-color: | |<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Rhoddodd</span> <span style="background-color:pink">eich</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">ysgrifbin</span> <span style="background-color:lightcyan">iddo</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!VOS language | !VOS language | ||
!example | !example 1 | ||
!example | !example 2 | ||
!example | !example 3 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Malagasy | |Malagasy | ||
|<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Handeha</span> <span style="background-color:pink">izy</span>. | |<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Handeha</span> <span style="background-color:pink">izy</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Nahita</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">tranobe iray</span> <span style="background-color:pink">aho</span>. | |<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Nahita</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">tranobe iray</span> <span style="background-color:pink">aho</span>. | ||
|<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Nomenao</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">penina</span> <span style="background-color: | |<span style="background-color:greenyellow">Nomenao</span> <span style="background-color:wheat">penina</span> <span style="background-color:lightcyan">izy</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!OSV language | !OSV language | ||
!example | !example 1 | ||
!example | !example 2 | ||
!example | !example 3 | ||
|- | |- | ||
!OVS language | !OVS language | ||
!example | !example 1 | ||
!example | !example 2 | ||
!example | !example 3 | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 11:11, 19 May 2022
This lesson is about word orders, which can be mainly divided into six types, with smaller differences inside each type.
S represents subject, O represents object, V represents verb.
SOV and SVO take the most proportions, each accounting for about 2/5.
There can be more than one order in a language, the listed are just the most common cases.
Note that in some languages the pronouns are omitted. The person is indicated by conjugation.
- Example sentence 1 has a subject, a verb.
- Example sentence 2 has a subject, a verb, a direct object.
- Example sentence 3 has a subject, a verb, a direct object, an indirect object.
| SOV language | example 1 | example 2 | example 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hindi | वह जाएगी। | मुझे एक इमारत दिखाई देती है। | तुमने उसे कलम दे दी। |
| Japanese | 彼女が行きます。 | 私は建物を見る。 | あなたは彼にペンを与えた。 |
| Korean | 그녀가 갈거야. | 나는 건물을 본다. | 당신은 그에게 펜을 줬다. |
| Iranian Persian | .او خواهد رفت | .من یک ساختمان را می بینم | .شما به او یک قلم دادید |
| Turkish | O gidecek. | Bir bina görüyorum. | Ona bir kalem verdin. |
| SVO language | example 1 | example 2 | example 3 |
| Dutch | Ze zal gaan. | Ik zie een gebouw. | Je gaf hem een pen. |
| English | She will go. | I see a building. | You gave him a pen. |
| Esperanto | Ŝi iros. | Mi vidas konstuaĵon. | Vi donis al li plumon. |
| French | Elle ira. | Je vois un bâtiment. | Vous lui avez donné un stylo. |
| German | Sie wird gehen. | Ich sehe ein Gebäude. | Du gabst ihm einen Stift. |
| Greek | Θα πάει. | Βλέπω ένα κτίριο. | Του έδωσες ένα στυλό. |
| Italian | Lei andrà. | Vedo un edificio. | Gli hai dato una penna. |
| Mandarin Chinese | 她會去。/她会去。 | 我看到一座建築物。/我看到一座建筑物。 | 你給他一支鋼筆。/你给他一支钢笔。 |
| Polish | Ona pójdzie. | Widzę budynek. | Dałeś mu długopis. |
| Portugese | Ela vai. | Eu vejo um prédio. | Você deu a ele uma caneta. |
| Russian | Она пойдет. | Я вижу здание. | Вы дали ему ручку. |
| Spanish | Ella irá. | Veo un edificio. | Le diste una pluma. |
| Ukranian | Вона піде. | Я бачу будівлю. | Ти дав йому ручку. |
| Vietnamese | Cô ấy sẽ đi. | Tôi thấy một tòa nhà. | Bạn đưa cho anh một cây bút. |
| VSO language | example 1 | example 2 | example 3 |
| Filipino | Pupunta siya. | Nakikita ko ang isang gusali. | Binigyan mo siya ng panulat. |
| Irish | Beidh sí ag dul. | Feicim foirgneamh. | Thug tú peann air. |
| Welsh | Bydd hi'n mynd. | Gwelaf adeilad. | Rhoddodd eich ysgrifbin iddo. |
| VOS language | example 1 | example 2 | example 3 |
| Malagasy | Handeha izy. | Nahita tranobe iray aho. | Nomenao penina izy. |
| OSV language | example 1 | example 2 | example 3 |
| OVS language | example 1 | example 2 | example 3 |
More information
Wikipedia article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_order
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Languages_by_word_order