Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Grammar/Various-word-orders-in-various-languages"
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'''There can be more than one order in a language, the listed are just the most common cases.''' | '''There can be more than one order in a language, the listed are just the most common cases.''' | ||
'''Note that some languages omit first person singular, some integrate a personal pronoun and a verb into a conpound word.''' | |||
Example sentence | Example sentence 1 has a <span style="color:red">subject</span>, a <span style="color:green">verb</span> and a <span style="color:blue">direct object</span>. | ||
Example sentence | Example sentence 2 has a <span style="color:red">subject</span>, a <span style="color:green">verb</span>, a <span style="color:blue">direct object</span> and an <span style="color:violet">indirect object</span>. | ||
Example sentence 3 has a <span style="color:red">subject</span> and a <span style="color:green">verb</span>. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|Japanese | |Japanese | ||
| | |<span style="color:"><span style="color:red">私は</span><span style="color:blue">建物</span>を<span style="color:green">見る</span>。 | ||
| | |<span style="color:"><span style="color:red">私は</span><span style="color:violet">彼</span>に<span style="color:blue">ペン</span>を<span style="color:green">与えた</span>。 | ||
| | |<span style="color:"><span style="color:red">彼女</span><span style="color:">が</span><span style="color:green">行きます</span>。 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Korean | |Korean | ||
|나는 건물을 본다. | |<span style="color:red">나는</span> <span style="color:blue">건물을</span> <span style="color:green">본다</span>. | ||
|나는 그에게 펜을 줬다. | |<span style="color:red">나는</span> <span style="color:violet">그에게</span> <span style="color:blue">펜을</span> <span style="color:green">줬다</span>. | ||
|그녀가 갈거야. | |<span style="color:red">그녀가</span> <span style="color:green">갈거야</span> . | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Persian | |Persian | ||
|من یک ساختمان را می بینم. | |<span style="color:red">من</span> یک <span style="color:blue">ساختمان</span> را <span style="color:green">می بینم</span>. | ||
|من یک قلم به او دادم. | |<span style="color:red">من</span> یک <span style="color:blue">قلم</span> <span style="color:">به</span> <span style="color:violet">او</span> <span style="color:green">دادم</span>. | ||
|او خواهد رفت. | |<span style="color:red">او</span> <span style="color:green">خواهد رفت</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Turkish | |Turkish | ||
|Bir bina görüyorum. | |<span style="color:red">Bir</span> <span style="color:blue">bina</span> <span style="color:green">görüyorum</span>. | ||
|Ona bir kalem verdim. | |<span style="color:violet">Ona</span> <span style="color:red">bir</span> <span style="color:blue">kalem</span> <span style="color:green">verdim</span>. | ||
|O gidecek. | |<span style="color:red">O</span> <span style="color:green">gidecek</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!SVO Language | !SVO Language | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|Chinese | |Chinese | ||
| | |<span style="color:red">我</span><span style="color:green">看到</span>一座<span style="color:blue">建筑物</span>。<span style="color:red">/我</span><span style="color:green">看到</span>一座<span style="color:blue">建築物</span>。 | ||
| | |<span style="color:red">我</span><span style="color:green">给</span><span style="color:violet">他</span>一支<span style="color:blue">钢笔</span>。<span style="color:red">/我</span><span style="color:green">給</span><span style="color:violet">他</span>一支<span style="color:blue">鋼筆</span>。 | ||
| | |<span style="color:red">她</span><span style="color:green">会去</span>。<span style="color:red">/她</span><span style="color:green">會去</span>。 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|English | |English | ||
|I see a building. | |<span style="color:red">I</span> <span style="color:green">see</span> a <span style="color:blue">building</span>. | ||
|I gave him a pen. | |<span style="color:red">I</span> <span style="color:green">gave</span> <span style="color:violet">him</span> a <span style="color:blue">pen</span>. | ||
|She will go. | |<span style="color:red">She</span> <span style="color:green">will go</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Esperanto | |Esperanto | ||
|Mi vidas konstuaĵon. | |<span style="color:red">Mi</span> <span style="color:green">vidas</span> <span style="color:blue">konstuaĵon</span>. | ||
|Mi donis al li plumon. | |<span style="color:red">Mi</span> <span style="color:green">donis</span> al <span style="color:violet">li</span> <span style="color:blue">plumon</span>. | ||
|Ŝi iros. | |<span style="color:red">Ŝi</span> <span style="color:green">iros</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|French | |French | ||
|Je vois un bâtiment. | |<span style="color:red">Je</span> <span style="color:green">vois</span> un <span style="color:blue">bâtiment</span>. | ||
|Je lui ai donné un stylo. | |<span style="color:red">Je</span> <span style="color:violet">lui</span> <span style="color:green">ai donné</span> un <span style="color:blue">stylo</span>. | ||
|Elle ira. | |<span style="color:red">Elle</span> <span style="color:green">ira</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|German | |German | ||
|Ich sehe ein Gebäude. | |<span style="color:red">Ich</span> <span style="color:green">sehe</span> ein <span style="color:blue">Gebäude</span>. | ||
|Ich gab ihm einen Stift. | |<span style="color:red">Ich</span> <span style="color:green">gab</span> <span style="color:violet">ihm</span> einen <span style="color:blue">Stift</span>. | ||
|Sie wird gehen. | |<span style="color:red">Sie</span> <span style="color:green">wird gehen</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Itanlian | |Itanlian | ||
|Vedo un edificio. | |<span style="color:green">Vedo</span> un <span style="color:blue">edificio</span>. | ||
|Gli ho dato una penna. | |<span style="color:violet">Gli</span> <span style="color:green">ho dato</span> una <span style="color:blue">penna</span>. | ||
|Lei andrà. | |<span style="color:red">Lei</span> <span style="color:green">andrà</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Portugese | |Portugese | ||
|Eu vejo um prédio. | |<span style="color:red">Eu</span> <span style="color:green">vejo</span> um <span style="color:blue">prédio</span>. | ||
|Eu dei-lhe uma caneta. | |<span style="color:red">Eu</span> <span style="color:green">dei</span>-<span style="color:violet">lhe</span> uma <span style="color:blue">caneta</span>. | ||
|Ela vai. | |<span style="color:red">Ela</span> <span style="color:green">vai</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Russian | |Russian | ||
|Я вижу здание. | |<span style="color:red">Я</span> <span style="color:green">вижу</span> <span style="color:blue">здание</span>. | ||
|Я дал ему ручку. | |<span style="color:red">Я</span> <span style="color:green">дал</span> <span style="color:violet">ему</span> <span style="color:blue">ручку</span>. | ||
|Она пойдет. | |<span style="color:red">Она</span> <span style="color:green">пойдет</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Spanish | |Spanish | ||
|Veo un edificio | |<span style="color:green">Veo</span> un <span style="color:blue">edificio</span>. | ||
|Le di una pluma. | |<span style="color:violet">Le</span> <span style="color:green">di</span> una <span style="color:blue">pluma</span>. | ||
|Ella irá. | |<span style="color:red">Ella</span> <span style="color:green">irá</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!VSO Language | !VSO Language | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|Arabic | |Arabic | ||
|أرى مبنى. | |<span style="color:green">أرى</span> <span style="color:blue">مبنى</span>. | ||
|أعطيته قلم. | |<span style="color:green">أعطيته</span> <span style="color:blue">قلم</span>. | ||
|وقالت انها سوف تذهب. | |<span style="color:">وقالت</span> <span style="color:">انها</span> <span style="color:green">سوف تذهب</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Irish | |Irish | ||
|Feicim foirgneamh. | |<span style="color:green">Feicim</span> <span style="color:blue">foirgneamh</span>. | ||
|Thug mé peann air. | |<span style="color:green">Thug</span> <span style="color:red">mé</span> <span style="color:blue">peann</span> <span style="color:violet">air</span>. | ||
|Beidh sí ag dul. | |<span style="color:green">Beidh</span> <span style="color:red">sí</span> <span style="color:">ag</span> <span style="color:green">dul</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Welsh | |Welsh | ||
|Gwelaf adeilad. | |<span style="color:green">Gwelaf</span> <span style="color:blue">adeilad</span>. | ||
|Rhoddais pen iddo. | |<span style="color:green">Rhoddais</span> <span style="color:blue">pen</span> <span style="color:violet">iddo</span>. | ||
|Bydd hi'n mynd. | |<span style="color:green">Bydd</span> <span style="color:red">hi'n</span> <span style="color:green">mynd</span>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!VOS Language | !VOS Language | ||
Revision as of 10:46, 11 August 2017
This lesson is about word orders, which can be mainly divided into six types, with small differences inside each type. Here are some examples.
S means subject, O means object, V means verb.
SOV and SVO are the most popular, accounting for about 4/10 each.
There can be more than one order in a language, the listed are just the most common cases.
Note that some languages omit first person singular, some integrate a personal pronoun and a verb into a conpound word.
Example sentence 1 has a subject, a verb and a direct object.
Example sentence 2 has a subject, a verb, a direct object and an indirect object.
Example sentence 3 has a subject and a verb.
| SOV Language | Example sentence 1 | Example sentence 2 | Example sentence 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Japanese | 私は建物を見る。 | 私は彼にペンを与えた。 | 彼女が行きます。 |
| Korean | 나는 건물을 본다. | 나는 그에게 펜을 줬다. | 그녀가 갈거야 . |
| Persian | من یک ساختمان را می بینم. | من یک قلم به او دادم. | او خواهد رفت. |
| Turkish | Bir bina görüyorum. | Ona bir kalem verdim. | O gidecek. |
| SVO Language | Example sentence 1 | Example sentence 2 | Example sentence 3 |
| Chinese | 我看到一座建筑物。/我看到一座建築物。 | 我给他一支钢笔。/我給他一支鋼筆。 | 她会去。/她會去。 |
| English | I see a building. | I gave him a pen. | She will go. |
| Esperanto | Mi vidas konstuaĵon. | Mi donis al li plumon. | Ŝi iros. |
| French | Je vois un bâtiment. | Je lui ai donné un stylo. | Elle ira. |
| German | Ich sehe ein Gebäude. | Ich gab ihm einen Stift. | Sie wird gehen. |
| Itanlian | Vedo un edificio. | Gli ho dato una penna. | Lei andrà. |
| Portugese | Eu vejo um prédio. | Eu dei-lhe uma caneta. | Ela vai. |
| Russian | Я вижу здание. | Я дал ему ручку. | Она пойдет. |
| Spanish | Veo un edificio. | Le di una pluma. | Ella irá. |
| VSO Language | Example sentence 1 | Example sentence 2 | Example sentence 3 |
| Arabic | أرى مبنى. | أعطيته قلم. | وقالت انها سوف تذهب. |
| Irish | Feicim foirgneamh. | Thug mé peann air. | Beidh sí ag dul. |
| Welsh | Gwelaf adeilad. | Rhoddais pen iddo. | Bydd hi'n mynd. |
| VOS Language | Example sentence 1 | Example sentence 2 | Example sentence 3 |
| OSV Language | Example sentence 1 | Example sentence 2 | Example sentence 3 |
| OVS Language | Example sentence 1 | Example sentence 2 | Example sentence 3 |