Difference between revisions of "Language/Central-pashto/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation"

From Polyglot Club WIKI
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 16: Line 16:


The Pashtun alphabet (پښتو الفبې) is a relatively recent adaptation of the Persian alphabet with additional letters to accommodate the phonemes of the Pashtun language, which is the largest Eastern Iranian language (of the Avestan family) and one of the two main languages of Afghanistan, along with Persian Dari, which is Eastern Iran.
The Pashtun alphabet (پښتو الفبې) is a relatively recent adaptation of the Persian alphabet with additional letters to accommodate the phonemes of the Pashtun language, which is the largest Eastern Iranian language (of the Avestan family) and one of the two main languages of Afghanistan, along with Persian Dari, which is Eastern Iran.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 136: Line 135:
|ﺯ
|ﺯ
|-
|-
|[ʒ] / |[d͡z]
| [ʒ] / |[d͡z]
|ـﮋ
|ـﮋ
|ـﮋ
|ـﮋ
Line 303: Line 302:
|ئـ
|ئـ
|ئ
|ئ
|}
== Stress ==
Pashto uses stress: it can change the aspect of the verb and the meaning of the word. The Arabic alphabet does not show accent placement, but in transliteration it is indicated by the use of an acute accent diactric (´) on the vowel, as in the example below:
{| class="wikitable"
!'''Pashto'''
!'''Transliteraltion'''
!'''Stress in Bold'''
|-
|اوړى
|óṛay
|'''ó-'''ṛay
|-
|ډله
|ḍála
|'''ḍá'''-la
|-
|ګڼل
|gaṇә́l
|ga-'''ṇә́l'''
|-
|شاباس
|šā́bās
|'''šā́'''-bās
|-
|ناخوښي
|nāxwaṣ̌í
|nā-xwa-'''ṣ̌í'''
|-
|بې ښې
|be ṣ̌é
|be-'''ṣ̌é'''
|-
|اوږه
|úẓ̌a
|'''ú'''-ẓ̌a
|}
|}


Line 313: Line 348:


==Pashto Keyboard==
==Pashto Keyboard==
__NOCACHE__<include iframe src='https://polyglotclub.com/keyboard.php?souscat_url=central-pashto' height='600px' frameborder='0' scrolling='yes' />
__NOCACHE__


<include iframe="" src="https://polyglotclub.com/keyboard.php?souscat_url=central-pashto" height="600px" frameborder="0" scrolling="yes" />


[[Category:Alphabet-and-Pronunciation]]
[[Category:Alphabet-and-Pronunciation]]

Revision as of 22:22, 15 January 2022

Pashto Alphabet & Pronunciation
Afghanistan-Pashto-Language-PolyglotClub.jpg
Pashto-Language-PolyglotClub.png

سلام Pashto Learners! 😃


➡ In today's lesson you will learn how to write and pronounce the Pashto alphabets.


Happy learning!


Central Pashto Alphabet

The Pashtun alphabet (پښتو الفبې) is a relatively recent adaptation of the Persian alphabet with additional letters to accommodate the phonemes of the Pashtun language, which is the largest Eastern Iranian language (of the Avestan family) and one of the two main languages of Afghanistan, along with Persian Dari, which is Eastern Iran.

IPA Letter
Final Medial Initial Isolated
[ɑ], [ʔ] ـا ـﺎ آ, ا آ, ا
[b] ـﺐ ـﺒـ بـ ب
[p] ـﭗ ـﭙـ پـ پ
[t̪] ـﺖ ـﺘـ تـ ت
[ʈ] ـټ ـټـ ټـ ټ
[s] ـﺚ ـﺜـ ثـ ث
[d͡ʒ] ـﺞ ـﺞ ـﺞ ج
[t͡ʃ] ـﭻ ـﭽـ چـ چ
[h] / [x] ـﺢ ـﺤـ حـ ح
[x] ـﺦ ـﺨـ خـ خ
[t͡s] / [s] ـڅ ـڅـ څـ څ
[d͡z] / [z] ـځ ـځـ ځـ ځ
[d̪] ـﺪ ـﺪ د د
[ɖ] ـډ ـډ ډ ډ
[z] ـﺬ ـﺬ ﺫ ﺫ
[r] ـﺮ ـﺮ ﺭ ﺭ
[ɺ̢], [ɭ̆], [ɻ] ـړ ـړ ړ ړ
[z] ـﺰ ـﺰ ﺯ ﺯ
[d͡z] ـﮋ ـﮋ ژ ژ
[ʐ] (Southern)

[ʝ] (Central)

[ɡ] (Northern)

ـږ ـږ ږ ږ
[s] ـﺲ ـﺴـ سـ س
[ʃ] ـﺶ ـﺸـ شـ ش
[ʂ] (Southern)

[ç] (Central)

[x] (Northern)

ـښ ـښـ ښـ ښ
[s] ـﺺ ـﺼـ صـ ص
[z], [d̪] ـﺾ ـﻀـ ضـ ض
[t̪] ـﻂ ـﻄـ طـ ط
[z] ـﻆ ـﻈـ ظـ ظ
[ʔ] ـﻊ ـﻌـ عـ ع
[ɣ] ـﻎ ـﻐـ غـ غ
[f] / [p] ـﻒ ـﻔـ فـ ف
[q] / [k] ـﻖ ـﻘـ قـ ق
[k] ـک ـکـ کـ ک
[ɡ] ـګ ـګـ ګـ ګ
[l] ـﻞ ـﻠـ لـ ل
[m] ـﻢ ـﻤـ مـ م
[n] ـﻦ ـﻨـ نـ ن
[ɳ] ـڼ ـڼـ ڼـ ڼ
[w], [u], [o] ـﻮ ـﻮ و و
[h], [a] ـﻪ ـﻬـ هـ ه
[ə] ﮥ ۀ
[j], [i] ـﻲ ـﻴـ يـ ي
[e] ـﯥ ـﯧـ ېـ ې
[ai], [j] ـی ی
[əi] ـۍ ۍ
[əi], [j] ـئ ـئـ ئـ ئ

Stress

Pashto uses stress: it can change the aspect of the verb and the meaning of the word. The Arabic alphabet does not show accent placement, but in transliteration it is indicated by the use of an acute accent diactric (´) on the vowel, as in the example below:

Pashto Transliteraltion Stress in Bold
اوړى óṛay ó-ṛay
ډله ḍála ḍá-la
ګڼل gaṇә́l ga-ṇә́l
شاباس šā́bās šā́-bās
ناخوښي nāxwaṣ̌í nā-xwa-ṣ̌í
بې ښې be ṣ̌é be-ṣ̌é
اوږه úẓ̌a ú-ẓ̌a

Videos

Learn Pashto Alphabet

Learn Pashto: Alphabets


Pashto Keyboard

Retrieved from "https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Central-pashto/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation&oldid=124842"