Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Historical-Periods"

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Historical-Periods (edit)

Revision as of 02:04, 20 August 2024

15,465 bytes removed ,  10 months ago
no edit summary
 
Line 2: Line 2:


When you decide to pick up the history of a region, you are facing a lot of events and figures. Here is a list of the most significant of them, starting from neolithic periods.
When you decide to pick up the history of a region, you are facing a lot of events and figures. Here is a list of the most significant of them, starting from neolithic periods.
For more links to philosophical and religious books, please visit [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Philosophical-and-Religious-Texts]]; for more links to artistic literatures, please visit [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Traditional-Literature]].


In progress
In progress
Line 10: Line 8:
!time span
!time span
!event
!event
!literature
!technology
!artwork
|-
|-
|Jōmon period [includes paleolithic and mesolichic period]
|Jōmon period [includes paleolithic and mesolichic period]
|c. 14000 BC – c. 1000 BC
|c. 14000 BC – c. 1000 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Pre-Pottery Neolithic A
|Pre-Pottery Neolithic A
|c. 10000 BC – c. 8800 BC
|c. 10000 BC – c. 8800 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Pre-Pottery Neolithic B
|Pre-Pottery Neolithic B
|c. 8800 BC – c. 6500 BC
|c. 8800 BC – c. 6500 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Jeulmun pottery period [includes mesolithic period]
|Jeulmun pottery period [includes mesolithic period]
|c. 8000 BC – c. 1500 BC
|c. 8000 BC – c. 1500 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kiffian culture
|Kiffian culture
|c. 8000 BC – c. 6000 BC
|c. 8000 BC – c. 6000 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Yellow River civilisation
|Yellow River civilisation
|c. 7500 BC – c. 1400 BC
|c. 7500 BC – c. 1400 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Hassuna culture
|Hassuna culture
|c. 7000 BC – c. 6000 BC
|c. 7000 BC – c. 6000 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Yangtze River civilisation
|Yangtze River civilisation
|c. 7000 BC – c. 1600 BC
|c. 7000 BC – c. 1600 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Liáo River civilisation
|Liáo River civilisation
|c. 7000 BC – c. 500 BC
|c. 7000 BC – c. 500 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Pelasgians
|Pelasgians
|c. 7000 BC – c. 3200 BC
|c. 7000 BC – c. 3200 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Yarmukian culture
|Yarmukian culture
|c. 6400 BC – c. 6000 BC
|c. 6400 BC – c. 6000 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Cardium pottery culture
|Cardium pottery culture
|c. 6400 BC – c. 5500 BC
|c. 6400 BC – c. 5500 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Halaf culture
|Halaf culture
|c. 6100 BC – c. 5100 BC
|c. 6100 BC – c. 5100 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Shulaveri–Shomu culture
|Shulaveri–Shomu culture
|c. 6000 BC – c. 5000 BC
|c. 6000 BC – c. 5000 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Predynastic Egypt
|Predynastic Egypt
|c. 6200 BC – c. 3100 BC
|c. 6200 BC – c. 3100 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Scythia
|Scythia
|c. 6000 BC – c. 3000 BC
|c. 6000 BC – c. 3000 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
Line 129: Line 76:
|6<sup>th</sup> millennium BC
|6<sup>th</sup> millennium BC
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|-
|Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period
|Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period
|c. 5500 BC – c. 5000 BC
|c. 5500 BC – c. 5000 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Samarra culture
|Samarra culture
|c. 5500 BC – c. 4800 BC
|c. 5500 BC – c. 4800 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Linear Pottery culture
|Linear Pottery culture
|c. 5500 BC – c. 4500 BC
|c. 5500 BC – c. 4500 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ubaid period
|Ubaid period
|c. 5500 BC – c. 3700 BC
|c. 5500 BC – c. 3700 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sumer
|Sumer
|c. 5500 BC – c. 1800 BC
|c. 5500 BC – c. 1800 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Hamangia culture
|Hamangia culture
|c. 5250 BC – c. 4500 BC
|c. 5250 BC – c. 4500 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Bonu Ighinu culture
|Bonu Ighinu culture
|c. 5100 BC – c. 4500 BC
|c. 5100 BC – c. 4500 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Tenerian culture
|Tenerian culture
|c. 5000 BC – c. 3000 BC
|c. 5000 BC – c. 3000 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Dalma culture
|Dalma culture
|5<sup>th</sup> millennium BC
|5<sup>th</sup> millennium BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Lodian culture
|Lodian culture
|5<sup>th</sup> millennium BC
|5<sup>th</sup> millennium BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Stentinello culture
|Stentinello culture
|5<sup>th</sup> millennium BC
|5<sup>th</sup> millennium BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Cerny culture
|Cerny culture
|c. 4700 BC – c. 4000 BC
|c. 4700 BC – c. 4000 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Cerny culture
|Cerny culture
|c. 4800 BC – c. 3000 BC
|c. 4800 BC – c. 3000 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Montbolo culture
|Montbolo culture
|c. 4700 BC – c. 3800 BC
|c. 4700 BC – c. 3800 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Rössen culture
|Rössen culture
|c. 4600 BC – c. 4300 BC
|c. 4600 BC – c. 4300 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|San Ciriaco culture
|San Ciriaco culture
|c. 4500 BC – c. 4000 BC
|c. 4500 BC – c. 4000 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Chasséen culture
|Chasséen culture
|c. 4500 BC – c. 3500 BC
|c. 4500 BC – c. 3500 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ghassulian
|Ghassulian
|c. 4400 BC – c. 3500 BC
|c. 4400 BC – c. 3500 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sepulcres de Fossa culture
|Sepulcres de Fossa culture
|c. 4200 BC – c. 3600 BC
|c. 4200 BC – c. 3600 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Uruk period
|Uruk period
|c. 4000 BC – c. 3100 BC
|c. 4000 BC – c. 3100 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Dilmun
|Dilmun
|late 4<sup>th</sup> millennium BC – 538 BC
|late 4<sup>th</sup> millennium BC – 538 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Véraza culture
|Véraza culture
|c. 3500 BC – c. 2000 BC
|c. 3500 BC – c. 2000 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kura–Araxes culture
|Kura–Araxes culture
|c. 3400 BC – c. 2000 BC
|c. 3400 BC – c. 2000 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Indus Valley civilisation
|Indus Valley civilisation
|c. 3300 BC – c. 1300 BC
|c. 3300 BC – c. 1300 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Afanasievo culture
|Afanasievo culture
|c. 3300 BC – c. 2500 BC
|c. 3300 BC – c. 2500 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Helladic civilisation
|Helladic civilisation
|c. 3200 BC – c. 1050 BC
|c. 3200 BC – c. 1050 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Elam
|Elam
|c. 3200 BC – 539 BC
|c. 3200 BC – 539 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Early Dynastic Period of Egypt
|Early Dynastic Period of Egypt
|c. 3150 BC – c. 2686 BC
|c. 3150 BC – c. 2686 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Proto-Elamite period
|Proto-Elamite period
|c. 3100 BC – c. 2700 BC
|c. 3100 BC – c. 2700 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Jemdet Nasr period
|Jemdet Nasr period
|c. 3100 BC – c. 2900 BC
|c. 3100 BC – c. 2900 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Seine–Oise–Marne culture
|Seine–Oise–Marne culture
|c. 3100 BC – c. 2000 BC
|c. 3100 BC – c. 2000 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Cycladic civilisation
|Cycladic civilisation
|c. 3100 BC – c. 1000 BC
|c. 3100 BC – c. 1000 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
Line 360: Line 208:
|c. 3100 BC – c. 1100 BC
|c. 3100 BC – c. 1100 BC
|
|
|
|
|
* Ship Procession fresco from Akrotiri {between c. 1650 BC and c. 1500 BC} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ship_procession_fresco_(Akrotiri) Wikimedia]
* Spring fresco from Akrotiri c. 1500 BC [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Spring_fresco_(Akrotiri) Wikimedia]
* Harvester Vase {between c. 1550 BC and c. 1500 BC} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Harvester_Vase Wikimedia]
* Bull-Leaping Fresco {c. 1450 BC} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Archaeological_Museum_of_Heraklion_-_Bull_leaping_fresco Wikimedia]
* Palaikastro Kouros {c. 1450 BC} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Palaikastro_Kouros Wikimedia]
|-
|-
|Lullubi
|Lullubi
|c. 3100 BC – 675 BC
|c. 3100 BC – 675 BC
|
|
|
|
|
* Anubanini rock relief {c. 2300 BC} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Anubanini_rock_relief Wikimedia]
|-
|-
|Meldon Bridge Period
|Meldon Bridge Period
|c. 3000 BC – c. 2750 BC
|c. 3000 BC – c. 2750 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Corded Ware culture
|Corded Ware culture
|c. 3000 BC – c. 2350 BC
|c. 3000 BC – c. 2350 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Bell Beaker culture
|Bell Beaker culture
|c. 2800 BC – c. 1800 BC
|c. 2800 BC – c. 1800 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Chemurchek culture
|Chemurchek culture
|c. 2750 BC – c. 1900 BC
|c. 2750 BC – c. 1900 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Abealzu-Filigosa culture
|Abealzu-Filigosa culture
|c. 2700 BC – c. 2400 BC
|c. 2700 BC – c. 2400 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Old Kingdom of Egypt
|Old Kingdom of Egypt
|c. 2686 BC – c. 2181 BC
|c. 2686 BC – c. 2181 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Umm Al Nar culture
|Umm Al Nar culture
|c. 2600 BC – c. 2000 BC
|c. 2600 BC – c. 2000 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Marhaši
|Marhaši
|c. 2550 BC – c. 2020 BC
|c. 2550 BC – c. 2020 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Jiroft culture
|Jiroft culture
|c. 2500 BC – c. 2200 BC
|c. 2500 BC – c. 2200 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Phoenicia
|Phoenicia
|2500 BC – 64 BC
|2500 BC – 64 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Artenacian culture
|Artenacian culture
|c. 2400 BC
|c. 2400 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Oxus civilisation
|Oxus civilisation
|c. 2400 BC – c. 1700 BC
|c. 2400 BC – c. 1700 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Trzciniec culture
|Trzciniec culture
|c. 2400 BC – c. 1300 BC
|c. 2400 BC – c. 1300 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Mierzanowice culture
|Mierzanowice culture
|c. 2350 BC – c. 1600 BC
|c. 2350 BC – c. 1600 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Akkadian Empire
|Akkadian Empire
|c. 2334 BC – c. 2154 BC
|c. 2334 BC – c. 2154 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Únětice culture
|Únětice culture
|c. 2300 BC – c. 1600 BC
|c. 2300 BC – c. 1600 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Magan
|Magan
|c. 2300 BC – c. 500 BC
|c. 2300 BC – c. 500 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Rhône culture
|Rhône culture
|c. 2200 BC – c. 1500 BC
|c. 2200 BC – c. 1500 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Armorican Tumulus culture
|Armorican Tumulus culture
|c. 2200 BC – c. 1400 BC
|c. 2200 BC – c. 1400 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|First Intermediate Period of Egypt
|First Intermediate Period of Egypt
|c. 2181 BC – c. 2055 BC
|c. 2181 BC – c. 2055 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Gutian dynasty
|Gutian dynasty
|c. 2141 BC – c. 2050 BC
|c. 2141 BC – c. 2050 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Neo-Sumerian Empire
|Neo-Sumerian Empire
|c. 2112 BC – c. 2004 BC
|c. 2112 BC – c. 2004 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Xià dynasty
|Xià dynasty
|c. 2070 BC – c. 1600 BC
|c. 2070 BC – c. 1600 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Middle Kingdom of Egypt
|Middle Kingdom of Egypt
|c. 2055 BC – c. 1650 BC
|c. 2055 BC – c. 1650 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Isin-Larsa period
|Isin-Larsa period
|c. 2025 BC – c. 1763 BC
|c. 2025 BC – c. 1763 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Assyria
|Assyria
|c. 2025 BC – 609 BC
|c. 2025 BC – 609 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Simurrum
|Simurrum
|c. 2000 BC – c. 1500 BC
|c. 2000 BC – c. 1500 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Wadi Suq culture
|Wadi Suq culture
|c. 2000 BC – c. 1300 BC
|c. 2000 BC – c. 1300 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Old Babylonian Empire
|Old Babylonian Empire
|c. 1894 BC – c. 1595 BC
|c. 1894 BC – c. 1595 BC
|
|Code of Hammurabi {between c. 1792 BC and c. 1750 BC} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Code_of_Hammurabi_(Louvre_Sb_8) Wikimedia] [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Code_of_Hammurabi Wikisource]
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Yamhad
|Yamhad
|c. 1810 BC – c. 1517 BC
|c. 1810 BC – c. 1517 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Munkhkhairkhan culture
|Munkhkhairkhan culture
|c. 1800 BC – c. 1600 BC
|c. 1800 BC – c. 1600 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Las Cogotas
|Las Cogotas
|c. 1800 BC – c. 1150 BC
|c. 1800 BC – c. 1150 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Nuragic civilisation
|Nuragic civilisation
|18<sup>th</sup> century BC – 238 BC
|18<sup>th</sup> century BC – 238 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Mycenaean civilisation
|Mycenaean civilisation
|c. 1750 BC – c. 1050 BC
|c. 1750 BC – c. 1050 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Cemetery H Culture
|Cemetery H Culture
|c. 1900 BC – c. 1300 BC
|c. 1900 BC – c. 1300 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Brihadratha dynasty
|Brihadratha dynasty
|1700 BC – 682 BC
|1700 BC – 682 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Second Intermediate Period of Egypt
|Second Intermediate Period of Egypt
|c. 1700 BC – c. 1550 BC
|c. 1700 BC – c. 1550 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Tumulus culture
|Tumulus culture
|c. 1600 BC – c. 1200 BC
|c. 1600 BC – c. 1200 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Shāng dynasty
|Shāng dynasty
|c. 1600 BC – c. 1046 BC
|c. 1600 BC – c. 1046 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|New Kingdom of Egypt
|New Kingdom of Egypt
|1550 BC – 1069 BC
|1550 BC – 1069 BC
|
|
* Papyrus of Ani {c. 1250 BC} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Papyrus_of_Ani Wikimedia]
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kassites
|Kassites
|c. 1531 BC – c. 1155 BC
|c. 1531 BC – c. 1155 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sagsai culture
|Sagsai culture
|c. 1500 BC – c. 1000 BC
|c. 1500 BC – c. 1000 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Avestan period
|Avestan period
|c. 1500 BC – c. 500 BC
|c. 1500 BC – c. 500 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Mumun pottery period
|Mumun pottery period
|c. 1500 BC – c. 300 BC
|c. 1500 BC – c. 300 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ulaanzuukh culture
|Ulaanzuukh culture
|c. 1450 BC – c. 1000 BC
|c. 1450 BC – c. 1000 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Deer stones culture
|Deer stones culture
|c. 1400 BC – c. 700 BC  
|c. 1400 BC – c. 700 BC  
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Middle Assyrian Empire
|Middle Assyrian Empire
|c. 1363 BC – c. 912 BC
|c. 1363 BC – c. 912 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Urnfield culture
|Urnfield culture
|c. 1300 BC – c. 750 BC
|c. 1300 BC – c. 750 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Slab-grave culture
|Slab-grave culture
|c. 1300 BC – c. 700 BC
|c. 1300 BC – c. 700 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Edom
|Edom
|c. 13<sup>th</sup> century BC – c. 553 BC
|c. 13<sup>th</sup> century BC – c. 553 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Lusatian culture
|Lusatian culture
|c. 1200 BC – c. 500 BC
|c. 1200 BC – c. 500 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Greek Dark Ages
|Greek Dark Ages
|c. 1200 BC – c. 800 BC
|c. 1200 BC – c. 800 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kuru Kingdom
|Kuru Kingdom
|c. 1200 BC – c. 500 BC
|c. 1200 BC – c. 500 BC
|
|
* Verse of the Knowledge [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rig_Veda Wikimedia]
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Hallstatt culture
|Hallstatt culture
|c. 1200 BC – c. 450 BC
|c. 1200 BC – c. 450 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sabaean Kingdom
|Sabaean Kingdom
|c. 1200 BC – 275
|c. 1200 BC – 275
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Aram-Damascus
|Aram-Damascus
|c. 12<sup>th</sup> century BC – 732 BC
|c. 12<sup>th</sup> century BC – 732 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Gija Joseon
|Gija Joseon
|1120 BC – 194 BC
|1120 BC – 194 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Third Intermediate Period of Egypt
|Third Intermediate Period of Egypt
|c. 1077 BC – c. 664 BC
|c. 1077 BC – c. 664 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|United Kingdom of Israel
|United Kingdom of Israel
|c. 1047 BC – 930 BC
|c. 1047 BC – 930 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Western Zhōu
|Western Zhōu
|1046 BC – 771 BC
|1046 BC – 771 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sheba
|Sheba
|c. 1000 BC – 275
|c. 1000 BC – 275
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Yayoi period
|Yayoi period
|c. 1000 BC – c. 300
|c. 1000 BC – c. 300
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Qataban
|Qataban
|1<sup>st</sup> millennium BC – 1<sup>st</sup> century
|1<sup>st</sup> millennium BC – 1<sup>st</sup> century
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Hadhramaut
|Kingdom of Hadhramaut
|1<sup>st</sup> millennium BC – c. 290
|1<sup>st</sup> millennium BC – c. 290
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Dʿmt
|Kingdom of Dʿmt
|980 BC – c. 650 BC
|980 BC – c. 650 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Judah
|Kingdom of Judah
|c. 930 BC – c. 587 BC
|c. 930 BC – c. 587 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Samaria
|Kingdom of Samaria
|c. 930 BC – c. 720 BC
|c. 930 BC – c. 720 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Neo-Assyrian Empire
|Neo-Assyrian Empire
|911 BC – 609 BC
|911 BC – 609 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Etruscan civilisation
|Etruscan civilisation
|900 BC – 27 BC
|900 BC – 27 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Scythia
|Scythia
|9<sup>th</sup> century BC – 7<sup>th</sup> century BC
|9<sup>th</sup> century BC – 7<sup>th</sup> century BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Qedarites
|Qedarites
|9<sup>th</sup> century BC – 1<sup>st</sup> century BC
|9<sup>th</sup> century BC – 1<sup>st</sup> century BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Magna Graecia
|Magna Graecia
|8<sup>th</sup> century BC – 3<sup>rd</sup> century BC
|8<sup>th</sup> century BC – 3<sup>rd</sup> century BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Awsan
|Kingdom of Awsan
|8<sup>th</sup> century BC – 7<sup>th</sup> century BC
|8<sup>th</sup> century BC – 7<sup>th</sup> century BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Thamud
|Thamud
|8<sup>th</sup> century BC – 5<sup>th</sup> century
|8<sup>th</sup> century BC – 5<sup>th</sup> century
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Urartu
|Urartu
|860 BC – 590 BC
|860 BC – 590 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Mannaea
|Mannaea
|10<sup>th</sup> century BC – 7<sup>th</sup> century BC
|10<sup>th</sup> century BC – 7<sup>th</sup> century BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Carthage
|Carthage
|c. 814 BC – 146 BC
|c. 814 BC – 146 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Archaic Greece
|Archaic Greece
|c. 800 BC – 480 BC
|c. 800 BC – 480 BC
|
|
* Poem about Ilion [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Iliad Wikimedia]
* Story of Odysseus [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Odyssey Wikimedia]
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Spring and Autumn period
|Spring and Autumn period
|c. 770 BC – c. 481 BC
|c. 770 BC – c. 481 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Roman Kingdom
|Roman Kingdom
|753 BC – 509 BC
|753 BC – 509 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Zikirti
|Zikirti
|750 BC – 521 BC
|750 BC – 521 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Saparda
|Saparda
|720 BC – 670 BC
|720 BC – 670 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Argead dynasty
|Argead dynasty
|c. 700 BC – 310 BC
|c. 700 BC – 310 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Chandman culture
|Chandman culture
|c. 700 BC – c. 300 BC
|c. 700 BC – c. 300 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Teispids
|Teispids
|7<sup>th</sup> century BC – 522 BC
|7<sup>th</sup> century BC – 522 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Singhanavati
|Singhanavati
|691 BC – 638
|691 BC – 638
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Pradyota dynasty
|Pradyota dynasty
|682 BC – 544 BC
|682 BC – 544 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Median Kingdom
|Median Kingdom
|c. 678 BC – c. 550 BC
|c. 678 BC – c. 550 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Late Period of Egypt
|Late Period of Egypt
|c. 664 BC – c. 332 BC
|c. 664 BC – c. 332 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Neo-Babylonian Empire
|Neo-Babylonian Empire
|626 BC – 539 BC
|626 BC – 539 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Mahājanapadas
|Mahājanapadas
|c. 600 BC – c. 345 BC
|c. 600 BC – c. 345 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Ma'in
|Kingdom of Ma'in
|c. 600 BC – c. 150 BC
|c. 600 BC – c. 150 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Greeks in Gaul
|Greeks in Gaul
|c. 600 BC – 49 BC
|c. 600 BC – 49 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Pazyryk culture
|Pazyryk culture
|6<sup>th</sup> century BC – 3<sup>rd</sup> century BC
|6<sup>th</sup> century BC – 3<sup>rd</sup> century BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sogdia
|Sogdia
|c. 6<sup>th</sup> century BC – 11<sup>th</sup> century
|c. 6<sup>th</sup> century BC – 11<sup>th</sup> century
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Lihyan
|Lihyan
|6<sup>th</sup> century BC – 3<sup>rd</sup> century BC
|6<sup>th</sup> century BC – 3<sup>rd</sup> century BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Yehud
|Yehud
|c. 586 BC – c. 539 BC
|c. 586 BC – c. 539 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Achaemenid Empire
|Achaemenid Empire
|550 BC – 330 BC
|550 BC – 330 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Haryanka dynasty
|Haryanka dynasty
|544 BC – 413 BC
|544 BC – 413 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Eber-Nari
|Eber-Nari
|c. 539 BC – c. 332 BC
|c. 539 BC – c. 332 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Yehud Medinata
|Yehud Medinata
|c. 586 BC – c. 539 BC
|c. 586 BC – c. 539 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Athura
|Athura
|539 BC – 330 BC
|539 BC – 330 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Classical Greece
|Classical Greece
|510 BC – 323 BC
|510 BC – 323 BC
|
|
* Prometheus Bound {between 479 BC and 424 BC} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Prometheus_Bound_(Aeschylus) Wikimedia]
* History {c. 430 BC} [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/828 Project Gutenberg] [https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/herodotus Standard Ebooks] [https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%82:%CE%97%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82 Wikisource]
* Story of Orestes [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Oresteia Wikimedia]
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Zhangzhung
|Zhangzhung
|c. 510 BC – 625
|c. 510 BC – 625
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
Line 1,115: Line 632:
|c. 509 BC – 27 BC
|c. 509 BC – 27 BC
|
|
|
|
|
* Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus {between 122 BC and 115 BC} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Altar_of_Domitius_Ahenobarbus Wikimedia]
* Orator {between 110 BC and 90 BC} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Arringatore Wikimedia]
|-
|-
|Odrysian kingdom
|Odrysian kingdom
|c. 480 BC – c. 30 BC
|c. 480 BC – c. 30 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Warring States period
|Warring States period
|c. 475 BC – 221 BC
|c. 475 BC – 221 BC
|
|
|
* rod calculus [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_calculus Wikipedia]
|
|
|-
|-
|La Tène culture
|La Tène culture
|c. 450 BC – c. 1 BC
|c. 450 BC – c. 1 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Shaishunaga dynasty
|Shaishunaga dynasty
|413 BC – 345 BC
|413 BC – 345 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Pandyan dynasty
|Pandyan dynasty
|400 BC – 1618
|400 BC – 1618
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Thaton Kingdom
|Thaton Kingdom
|400 BC – 1057
|400 BC – 1057
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Buni culture
|Buni culture
|c. 400 BC – c. 100
|c. 400 BC – c. 100
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Chola dynasty
|Chola dynasty
|c. 4<sup>th</sup> century BC – 1279
|c. 4<sup>th</sup> century BC – 1279
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Nanda dynasty
|Nanda dynasty
|c. 345 BC – c. 322 BC
|c. 345 BC – c. 322 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Coele-Syria
|Coele-Syria
|332 BC – 64 BC
|332 BC – 64 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Armenia
|Kingdom of Armenia
|331 BC – 428
|331 BC – 428
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Cappadocia
|Kingdom of Cappadocia
|331 BC – 17
|331 BC – 17
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Hellenistic Greece
|Hellenistic Greece
|323 BC – 31 BC
|323 BC – 31 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Atropatene
|Atropatene
|c. 323 BC – 226
|c. 323 BC – 226
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Maurya dynasty
|Maurya dynasty
|322 BC – 184 BC
|322 BC – 184 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Seleucid Empire
|Seleucid Empire
|312 BC – 63 BC
|312 BC – 63 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ptolemaic Kingdom
|Ptolemaic Kingdom
|305 BC – 30 BC
|305 BC – 30 BC
|
|
* Rosetta Stone decree {196 BC} [[commons:Category:Rosetta_Stone|Wikimedia]]
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Nabataean Kingdom
|Nabataean Kingdom
|3<sup>rd</sup> century BC – 106
|3<sup>rd</sup> century BC – 106
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Xiōngnú
|Xiōngnú
|3<sup>rd</sup> century BC – 1<sup>st</sup> century BC
|3<sup>rd</sup> century BC – 1<sup>st</sup> century BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Xiānbēi
|Xiānbēi
|3<sup>rd</sup> century BC – 3<sup>rd</sup> century
|3<sup>rd</sup> century BC – 3<sup>rd</sup> century
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Pontus
|Kingdom of Pontus
|281 BC – 62
|281 BC – 62
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Âu Lạc
|Âu Lạc
|257 BC – 179 BC
|257 BC – 179 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Parthian Empire
|Parthian Empire
|247 BC – 224
|247 BC – 224
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Qín dynasty
|Qín dynasty
|221 BC – 206 BC
|221 BC – 206 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Hispania
|Hispania
|218 BC – 472
|218 BC – 472
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Western Hàn
|Western Hàn
|206 BC – 9
|206 BC – 9
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Triệu dynasty
|Triệu dynasty
|204 BC – 111 BC
|204 BC – 111 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Numidia
|Numidia
|202 BC – 25 BC
|202 BC – 25 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Chì Tǔ
|Chì Tǔ
|2<sup>nd</sup> century BC – 7<sup>th</sup> century
|2<sup>nd</sup> century BC – 7<sup>th</sup> century
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
Line 1,329: Line 752:
|2<sup>nd</sup> century BC – 648
|2<sup>nd</sup> century BC – 648
|
|
|
* Bower Manuscript {between 4<sup>th</sup> century and 5<sup>th</sup> century} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bower_Manuscript Wikimedia]
|
|
* Kizil Caves [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kizil_Caves Wikimedia]
|-
|-
|Pyu city-states
|Pyu city-states
|2<sup>nd</sup> century BC – 1050
|2<sup>nd</sup> century BC – 1050
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Wiman Joseon
|Wiman Joseon
|194 BC – 108 BC
|194 BC – 108 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Shunga dynasty
|Shunga dynasty
|187 BC – 73 BC
|187 BC – 73 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Elymais
|Elymais
|147 BC – 221/222
|147 BC – 221/222
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Roman rule in Greece
|Roman rule in Greece
|146 BC – 330
|146 BC – 330
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Hasmonean dynasty
|Hasmonean dynasty
|140 BC – 37 BC
|140 BC – 37 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Wūsūn
|Wūsūn
|140 BC – 436
|140 BC – 436
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Characene
|Characene
|141 BC – 222
|141 BC – 222
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Darayanids
|Darayanids
|132 BC – 224
|132 BC – 224
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|First Era of Northern Domination
|First Era of Northern Domination
|110 BC – 40
|110 BC – 40
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Himyar
|Kingdom of Himyar
|110 BC – 525
|110 BC – 525
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kāngjū
|Kāngjū
|1<sup>st</sup> century BC – 5<sup>th</sup> century
|1<sup>st</sup> century BC – 5<sup>th</sup> century
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Dacia
|Dacia
|82 BC – 106
|82 BC – 106
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kanva dynasty
|Kanva dynasty
|73 BC – 28 BC
|73 BC – 28 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Silla
|Silla
|57 BC – 935
|57 BC – 935
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Roman Gaul
|Roman Gaul
|50 BC – 486
|50 BC – 486
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Herodian dynasty
|Herodian dynasty
|47 BC – 100
|47 BC – 100
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Goguryeo
|Goguryeo
|37 BC – 668
|37 BC – 668
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Satavahana dynasty
|Satavahana dynasty
|late 2<sup>nd</sup> century BC – early 3<sup>rd</sup> century
|late 2<sup>nd</sup> century BC – early 3<sup>rd</sup> century
|
|
* Root Verses on the Middle Way {c. 150}
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Roman Egypt
|Roman Egypt
|30 BC – 641
|30 BC – 641
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
Line 1,479: Line 836:
|27 BC – 395
|27 BC – 395
|
|
|
|
|
* Augustus of Prima Porta [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Augustus_of_Prima_Porta,_inv._2290 Wikimedia]
|-
|-
|Baekje
|Baekje
|18 BC – 660
|18 BC – 660
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Germania Antiqua
|Germania Antiqua
|7 BC – 9
|7 BC – 9
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Judaea
|Judaea
|6 – 132
|6 – 132
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Xīn dynasty
|Xīn dynasty
|9 – 23
|9 – 23
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Indo-Parthian Kingdom
|Indo-Parthian Kingdom
|19 – 226
|19 – 226
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
Line 1,522: Line 860:
|25 – 220
|25 – 220
|
|
|
|
* bead calculation [https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%A0%E7%AE%97 Wikipedia]
|
* Galloping Horse Treading on a Flying Swallow [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Galloping_Horse_Treading_on_a_Flying_Swallow Wikimedia]
|-
|-
|Kushan Empire
|Kushan Empire
|30 – 375
|30 – 375
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Second Era of Northern Domination
|Second Era of Northern Domination
|40 – 544
|40 – 544
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Gaya Confederacy
|Gaya Confederacy
|42 – 562
|42 – 562
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Roman Britain
|Roman Britain
|43 – c. 410
|43 – c. 410
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Tun Sun
|Tun Sun
|52 – 6<sup>th</sup> century
|52 – 6<sup>th</sup> century
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Hvunân
|Hvunân
|68 – 550
|68 – 550
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Langkasuka
|Langkasuka
|1<sup>st</sup> century – 15<sup>th</sup> century
|1<sup>st</sup> century – 15<sup>th</sup> century
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ghana Empire
|Ghana Empire
|c.100–c.300 – 1200s
|c.100–c.300 – 1200s
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Aksum
|Kingdom of Aksum
|c. 100 – 960
|c. 100 – 960
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Arabia Petraea
|Arabia Petraea
|106 – 275
|106 – 275
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Arabia Petraea
|Arabia Petraea
|106 – 630s
|106 – 630s
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Mesopotamia Province
|Mesopotamia Province
|116 – 117, 198 – 637
|116 – 117, 198 – 637
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Paratarajas
|Paratarajas
|c. 125 – c. 300
|c. 125 – c. 300
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Syria Palaestina
|Syria Palaestina
|136 – 390
|136 – 390
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Champa
|Champa
|192 – 1832
|192 – 1832
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Tambralinga
|Tambralinga
|2<sup>nd</sup> century – 1277
|2<sup>nd</sup> century – 1277
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Gangga Negara
|Gangga Negara
|2<sup>nd</sup> century – 1025/1026
|2<sup>nd</sup> century – 1025/1026
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Alamannia
|Alamannia
|213 – 911
|213 – 911
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Three Kingdoms of China
|Three Kingdoms of China
|220 – 280
|220 – 280
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ghassanids
|Ghassanids
|220 – 638
|220 – 638
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Mogollon culture
|Mogollon culture
|c. 200 – 1450
|c. 200 – 1450
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sasanian Empire
|Sasanian Empire
|224 – 651
|224 – 651
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Asoristan
|Asoristan
|226 – 637
|226 – 637
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Gupta Empire
|Gupta Empire
|c. 240 – c. 550
|c. 240 – c. 550
|
|
* Verse of the Counting
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Western Jìn
|Western Jìn
|266 – 316
|266 – 316
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Palmyrene Empire
|Palmyrene Empire
|270 – 273
|270 – 273
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Pan Pan
|Pan Pan
|3<sup>rd</sup> century – 7<sup>th</sup> century
|3<sup>rd</sup> century – 7<sup>th</sup> century
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kofun period
|Kofun period
|c. 300 – 538
|c. 300 – 538
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Lakhmid kingdom
|Lakhmid kingdom
|c. 268 – 602
|c. 268 – 602
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Hohokam
|Hohokam
|c. 300 – c. 1500
|c. 300 – c. 1500
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
Line 1,742: Line 984:
|304 – 439
|304 – 439
|
|
|
|
|
* Mògāo Caves {366 – 1368} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mogao_Caves Wikimedia]
|-
|-
|Constantinian dynasty
|Constantinian dynasty
|306 – 363
|306 – 363
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Diocese of the East
|Diocese of the East
|314 – 535/536
|314 – 535/536
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Eastern Jìn
|Eastern Jìn
|317 – 420
|317 – 420
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Róurán Khaganate
|Róurán Khaganate
|330 – 555
|330 – 555
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Valentinian dynasty
|Valentinian dynasty
|364 – 392, 425 – 455
|364 – 392, 425 – 455
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Theodosian dynasty
|Theodosian dynasty
|379 – 457
|379 – 457
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Western Roman Empire
|Western Roman Empire
|395 – 476
|395 – 476
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kutai Martadipura Kingdom
|Kutai Martadipura Kingdom
|399 – 1635
|399 – 1635
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of the Suebi
|Kingdom of the Suebi
|409 – 585
|409 – 585
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Anglo-Saxon England
|Anglo-Saxon England
|410 – 1066
|410 – 1066
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Visigothic Kingdom
|Visigothic Kingdom
|418 – 720
|418 – 720
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
Line 1,827: Line 1,032:
|420 – 589
|420 – 589
|
|
|
* Essential Techniques for the Welfare of the People {544} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:%E9%BD%8A%E6%B0%91%E8%A6%81%E8%A1%93 Wikimedia] [https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:%E8%B3%88%E6%80%9D%E5%8B%B0 Wikisource] [https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&author=%E8%B3%88%E6%80%9D%E5%8B%B0 中國哲學書電子化計劃] [https://www.zhonghuadiancang.com/xueshuzaji/qiminyaoshu/ 中华典藏]
|
|
* Yúngāng Grottoes {465 – 525} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Yungang_Grottoes Wikimedia]
* Lóngmén Grottoes {493 – 684} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Longmen_Grottoes Wikimedia]
|-
|-
|Vandal Kingdom
|Vandal Kingdom
|435 – 534
|435 – 534
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Mueang Pahang
|Mueang Pahang
|449 – 1454
|449 – 1454
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Kinda
|Kingdom of Kinda
|c. 450 – c. 550
|c. 450 – c. 550
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Tarumanagara
|Tarumanagara
|c. 450 – 669
|c. 450 – 669
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Leonid dynasty
|Leonid dynasty
|457 – 518
|457 – 518
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Lavo Kingdom
|Lavo Kingdom
|468 – 1388
|468 – 1388
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ostrogothic Kingdom
|Ostrogothic Kingdom
|469 – 553
|469 – 553
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Odoacer's kingdom
|Odoacer's kingdom
|476 – 493
|476 – 493
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Mauro-Roman Kingdom
|Mauro-Roman Kingdom
|477 – 578
|477 – 578
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Merovingian dynasty
|Merovingian dynasty
|c. 481 – 751
|c. 481 – 751
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of the Aurès
|Kingdom of the Aurès
|c. 484 – 703
|c. 484 – 703
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kantoli
|Kantoli
|5<sup>th</sup> century
|5<sup>th</sup> century
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Pushyabhuti dynasty
|Pushyabhuti dynasty
|c. 500 – c. 647
|c. 500 – c. 647
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sinagua
|Sinagua
|c. 500 – 1425
|c. 500 – 1425
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Justinian dynasty
|Justinian dynasty
|518 – 602
|518 – 602
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Asuka period
|Asuka period
|538 – 710
|538 – 710
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Chalukya dynasty
|Chalukya dynasty
|543 – 753
|543 – 753
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Early Lý dynasty
|Early Lý dynasty
|543 – 753
|543 – 753
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Chénla
|Chénla
|550 – 802
|550 – 802
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Qarinvand dynasty
|Qarinvand dynasty
|c. 550 – 11<sup>th</sup> century
|c. 550 – 11<sup>th</sup> century
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|First Turkic Khaganate
|First Turkic Khaganate
|552 – 603
|552 – 603
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Spania
|Spania
|552 – 624
|552 – 624
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of the Lombards
|Kingdom of the Lombards
|568 – 774
|568 – 774
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Altava
|Kingdom of Altava
|578 – 708
|578 – 708
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Suí dynasty
|Suí dynasty
|581 – 618
|581 – 618
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Byzantine rule in Italy
|Byzantine rule in Italy
|584 – 751
|584 – 751
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Exarchate of Africa
|Exarchate of Africa
|591 – 698
|591 – 698
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kalingga
|Kalingga
|6<sup>th</sup> century – 7<sup>th</sup> century
|6<sup>th</sup> century – 7<sup>th</sup> century
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Zarmihrid dynasty
|Zarmihrid dynasty
|6<sup>th</sup> century – 785
|6<sup>th</sup> century – 785
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Dvaravati
|Dvaravati
|6<sup>th</sup> century – 11<sup>th</sup> century
|6<sup>th</sup> century – 11<sup>th</sup> century
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Frisian Kingdom
|Frisian Kingdom
|c. 600 – 734
|c. 600 – 734
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Third Era of Northern Domination
|Third Era of Northern Domination
|602 – 938
|602 – 938
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Heraclian dynasty
|Heraclian dynasty
|610 – 711
|610 – 711
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Tibetan Empire
|Tibetan Empire
|618 – 848
|618 – 848
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
Line 2,075: Line 1,172:
|618 – 690, 705 – 907
|618 – 690, 705 – 907
|
|
|
* Classic of Tea {between 760 and 762} [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/2458 Project Gutenberg] [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:%E8%8C%B6%E7%B6%93 Wikimedia] [https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E7%B6%93 Wikisource] [https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=820478 中國哲學書電子化計劃] [https://www.zhonghuadiancang.com/xueshuzaji/chajing/ 中华典藏]
|
|
* Lèshān Giant Buddha {713 – 803} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Leshan_Giant_Buddha Wikimedia]
|-
|-
|Sasanian rule in Egypt
|Sasanian rule in Egypt
|618 – 628
|618 – 628
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Haripuñjaya
|Haripuñjaya
|629 – 1291
|629 – 1291
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Muhammad in Medina
|Muhammad in Medina
|622 – 632
|622 – 632
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Karkota dynasty
|Karkota dynasty
|625 – 855
|625 – 855
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Xuēyántuó
|Xuēyántuó
|628 – 723
|628 – 723
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Samo's Empire
|Samo's Empire
|631 – 658
|631 – 658
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Old Great Bulgaria
|Old Great Bulgaria
|632 – 668
|632 – 668
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Bilad al-Sham
|Bilad al-Sham
|636 – 940s
|636 – 940s
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ngoenyang
|Ngoenyang
|638 – 1292
|638 – 1292
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Bilad al-Sham
|Bilad al-Sham
|639 – 940s
|639 – 940s
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Rashidun Caliphate
|Rashidun Caliphate
|641 – 661
|641 – 661
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Dabuyid dynasty
|Dabuyid dynasty
|642 – 760
|642 – 760
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Alavids
|Alavids
|645 – 928
|645 – 928
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Protectorate General to Pacify the North
|Protectorate General to Pacify the North
|647 – 784
|647 – 784
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Masmughans of Damavand
|Masmughans of Damavand
|651 – 760
|651 – 760
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Bavand dynasty
|Bavand dynasty
|651 – 1349
|651 – 1349
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Umayyad Caliphate
|Umayyad Caliphate
|661 – 750
|661 – 750
|
|
* Suspended Odes
* The Unique Necklace
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Baduspanids
|Baduspanids
|665 – 1598
|665 – 1598
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Unified Silla
|Unified Silla
|668 – 935
|668 – 935
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sunda Kingdom
|Sunda Kingdom
|669 – 1579
|669 – 1579
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Melayu Kingdom
|Melayu Kingdom
|before 671 – 692, 1028 – 1347
|before 671 – 692, 1028 – 1347
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Srivijaya
|Srivijaya
|671 – 1025
|671 – 1025
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|First Bulgarian Empire
|First Bulgarian Empire
|681 – 1018
|681 – 1018
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Second Turkic Khaganate
|Second Turkic Khaganate
|682 – 744
|682 – 744
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Wǔ Zhōu
|Wǔ Zhōu
|690 – 705
|690 – 705
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of Venice
|Republic of Venice
|697 – 1797
|697 – 1797
|
|
* Book of the Marvels of the World {c. 1300} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Il_milione Wikimedia]
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Balhae
|Balhae
|698 – 926
|698 – 926
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Muang Sua
|Muang Sua
|698 – 1353
|698 – 1353
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Little Goguryeo
|Little Goguryeo
|699 – 820
|699 – 820
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Wén Dān
|Wén Dān
|7<sup>th</sup> century – 8<sup>th</sup> century
|7<sup>th</sup> century – 8<sup>th</sup> century
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Canasapura
|Canasapura
|7<sup>th</sup> century – 970
|7<sup>th</sup> century – 970
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kanem–Bornu Empire
|Kanem–Bornu Empire
|c. 700 – 1380
|c. 700 – 1380
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Nara period
|Nara period
|710 – 794
|710 – 794
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Emirate of Nekor
|Emirate of Nekor
|710 – 1019
|710 – 1019
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Mataram Kingdom
|Mataram Kingdom
|716 – 1016
|716 – 1016
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Isaurian dynasty
|Isaurian dynasty
|717 – 802
|717 – 802
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Asturias
|Kingdom of Asturias
|718 – 924
|718 – 924
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty
|Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty
|c. 730 – 1036
|c. 730 – 1036
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Nánzhào
|Nánzhào
|738 – 902
|738 – 902
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Uyghur Khaganate
|Uyghur Khaganate
|744 – 840
|744 – 840
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Barghawata Confederacy
|Barghawata Confederacy
|744 – 1058
|744 – 1058
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Imamate of Oman
|Imamate of Oman
|749 – 1959
|749 – 1959
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Abbasid Caliphate
|Abbasid Caliphate
|750 – 1258, 1261 – 1517
|750 – 1258, 1261 – 1517
|
|
* Book Catalogue {987}
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Pala Empire
|Pala Empire
|750 – 1161
|750 – 1161
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Carolingian dynasty
|Carolingian dynasty
|751 – 987
|751 – 987
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Rashtrakutas
|Rashtrakutas
|753 – 982
|753 – 982
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Emirate of Córdoba
|Emirate of Córdoba
|756 – 929
|756 – 929
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
Line 2,417: Line 1,364:
|756 – 1870
|756 – 1870
|
|
|
* Summary of Theology {1274}
* Divine Comedy {1321} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:The_Divine_Comedy Wikimedia]
|
|
* Sistine Chapel ceiling {1512} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sistine_Chapel_ceiling Wikimedia]
|-
|-
|Midrarid dynasty
|Midrarid dynasty
|757 – 976
|757 – 976
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Oghuz Yabgu State
|Oghuz Yabgu State
|766 – 1055
|766 – 1055
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Rustamid dynasty
|Rustamid dynasty
|777 – 909
|777 – 909
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Principality of Serbia
|Principality of Serbia
|780 – 960
|780 – 960
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ghurid dynasty
|Ghurid dynasty
|786 – 1215
|786 – 1215
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Idrisid dynasty
|Idrisid dynasty
|788 – 974
|788 – 974
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Justanids
|Justanids
|791 – 11<sup>th</sup> century
|791 – 11<sup>th</sup> century
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Heian period
|Heian period
|794 – 1185
|794 – 1185
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Marajoara culture
|Marajoara culture
|c. 800 – c. 1400
|c. 800 – c. 1400
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Mississippian culture
|Mississippian culture
|c. 800 – c. 1600
|c. 800 – c. 1600
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Aghlabid dynasty
|Aghlabid dynasty
|800 – 909
|800 – 909
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Khmer Empire
|Khmer Empire
|802 – 1431
|802 – 1431
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Nikephorian dynasty
|Nikephorian dynasty
|802 – 813
|802 – 813
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Samanid Empire
|Samanid Empire
|819 – 999
|819 – 999
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ziyadid dynasty
|Ziyadid dynasty
|819 – 1018
|819 – 1018
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Amorian dynasty
|Amorian dynasty
|820 – 860
|820 – 860
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Tahirid dynasty
|Tahirid dynasty
|821 – 873
|821 – 873
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Navarre
|Kingdom of Navarre
|824 – 1841
|824 – 1841
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Arab rule in southern Italy
|Arab rule in southern Italy
|827 – 880
|827 – 880
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Rus' Khaganate
|Rus' Khaganate
|c. 830 – c. 890s
|c. 830 – c. 890s
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Great Moravia
|Great Moravia
|833 – c. 907
|833 – c. 907
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kara-Khanid Khanate
|Kara-Khanid Khanate
|840 – 1212
|840 – 1212
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Peureulak Sultanate
|Peureulak Sultanate
|840 – 1292
|840 – 1292
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Era of Fragmentation in Tibet
|Era of Fragmentation in Tibet
|842 – 1253
|842 – 1253
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|East Francia
|East Francia
|843 – 962
|843 – 962
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|West Francia
|West Francia
|843 – 987
|843 – 987
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Pagan
|Kingdom of Pagan
|849 – 1297
|849 – 1297
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Italy in Holy Roman Empire
|Kingdom of Italy in Holy Roman Empire
|855 – 1801
|855 – 1801
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Saffarid dynasty
|Saffarid dynasty
|861 – 1002
|861 – 1002
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Macedonian dynasty
|Macedonian dynasty
|867 – 1056
|867 – 1056
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Tulunid dynasty
|Tulunid dynasty
|868 – 905
|868 – 905
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Duchy of Bohemia
|Duchy of Bohemia
|c. 870 – 1198
|c. 870 – 1198
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kievan Rus'
|Kievan Rus'
|c. 880 – 1240
|c. 880 – 1240
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kimek–Kipchak confederation
|Kimek–Kipchak confederation
|880 – 1035
|880 – 1035
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sajid dynasty
|Sajid dynasty
|889 – 929
|889 – 929
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Hamdanid dynasty
|Hamdanid dynasty
|890 – 1004
|890 – 1004
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Later Baekje
|Later Baekje
|892 – 936
|892 – 936
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Taebong
|Taebong
|901 – 918
|901 – 918
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
Line 2,693: Line 1,520:
|907 – 979
|907 – 979
|
|
|
|
|
* Night Revels of Hán Xīzài [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Night_Revels Wikimedia]
|-
|-
|Fatimid Caliphate
|Fatimid Caliphate
|909 – 1171
|909 – 1171
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of León
|Kingdom of León
|910 – 1833
|910 – 1833
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Liáo dynasty
|Liáo dynasty
|916 – 1125
|916 – 1125
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Bali
|Kingdom of Bali
|914 – 1908
|914 – 1908
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Goryeo
|Goryeo
|918 – 1392
|918 – 1392
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Later Sabeol
|Later Sabeol
|919 – 927
|919 – 927
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sallarid dynasty
|Sallarid dynasty
|919 – 1062
|919 – 1062
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Dōngdān Kingdom
|Dōngdān Kingdom
|926 – 936
|926 – 936
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Later Balhae
|Later Balhae
|927 – 935
|927 – 935
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Caliphate of Córdoba
|Caliphate of Córdoba
|929 – 1031
|929 – 1031
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ziyarid dynasty
|Ziyarid dynasty
|931 – 1090
|931 – 1090
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Banu Ilyas
|Banu Ilyas
|932 – 968
|932 – 968
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Buyid dynasty
|Buyid dynasty
|934 – 1062
|934 – 1062
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ikhshidids
|Ikhshidids
|935 – 969
|935 – 969
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Jeongan
|Jeongan
|936 – 986
|936 – 986
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Dàlǐ Kingdom
|Dàlǐ Kingdom
|937 – 1094, 1096 – 1253
|937 – 1094, 1096 – 1253
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ngô dynasty
|Ngô dynasty
|939 – 965
|939 – 965
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Rawadid dynasty
|Rawadid dynasty
|955 – 1071
|955 – 1071
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kilwa Sultanate
|Kilwa Sultanate
|957 – 1513
|957 – 1513
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Hasanwayhids
|Hasanwayhids
|959 – 1015
|959 – 1015
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
Line 2,841: Line 1,604:
|960 – 1127
|960 – 1127
|
|
|
* Blue Cliff Record {1125}
|
|
* Along the River During the Qīngmíng Festival [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Along_the_River_During_the_Qingming_Festival Wikimedia]
|-
|-
|Piast dynasty in Poland
|Piast dynasty in Poland
|960 – 1385
|960 – 1385
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Mazyadids
|Mazyadids
|c. 961 – c. 1160
|c. 961 – c. 1160
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Germany in Holy Roman Empire
|Kingdom of Germany in Holy Roman Empire
|962 – 1806
|962 – 1806
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Anarchy of the 12 Warlords
|Anarchy of the 12 Warlords
|965 – 968
|965 – 968
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Đinh dynasty
|Đinh dynasty
|968 – 980
|968 – 980
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Catepanate of Ras
|Catepanate of Ras
|971 – 976
|971 – 976
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Zirid dynasty
|Zirid dynasty
|972 – 1148
|972 – 1148
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Western Chalukya Empire
|Western Chalukya Empire
|973 – 1184
|973 – 1184
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ghaznavids
|Ghaznavids
|977 – 1186
|977 – 1186
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Early Lê dynasty
|Early Lê dynasty
|980 – 1009
|980 – 1009
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Marwanids
|Marwanids
|983 – 1084
|983 – 1084
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Direct Capetian kings
|Direct Capetian kings
|987 – 1328
|987 – 1328
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Principality of Polotsk
|Principality of Polotsk
|987 – 1504
|987 – 1504
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Uqaylid dynasty
|Uqaylid dynasty
|990 – 1096
|990 – 1096
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Annazids
|Annazids
|990/991 – 1117
|990/991 – 1117
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Norman rule in southern Italy
|Norman rule in southern Italy
|999 – 1194
|999 – 1194
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Cuman–Kipchak Confederation
|Cuman–Kipchak Confederation
|10<sup>th</sup> century – 1241
|10<sup>th</sup> century – 1241
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kakuyids
|Kakuyids
|1008 – 1141
|1008 – 1141
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|First Taifa period
|First Taifa period
|1009 – 1110
|1009 – 1110
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Lý dynasty
|Lý dynasty
|1009 – 1225
|1009 – 1225
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Hammadid dynasty
|Hammadid dynasty
|1014 – 1152
|1014 – 1152
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Theme of Sirmium
|Theme of Sirmium
|1018 – 1071
|1018 – 1071
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Theme of Bulgaria
|Theme of Bulgaria
|1018 – 1185
|1018 – 1185
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Vojislavljević dynasty
|Vojislavljević dynasty
|1018 – 1189
|1018 – 1189
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kahuripan
|Kahuripan
|1019 – 1045
|1019 – 1045
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Najahid dynasty
|Najahid dynasty
|1022 – 1158
|1022 – 1158
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Mirdasid dynasty
|Mirdasid dynasty
|1024 – 1080
|1024 – 1080
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Xīngliáo
|Xīngliáo
|1029 – 1030
|1029 – 1030
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Nasrid dynasty
|Nasrid dynasty
|1029 – 1225
|1029 – 1225
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Shabankara
|Shabankara
|1030 – 1424
|1030 – 1424
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Aragon
|Kingdom of Aragon
|1035 – 1707
|1035 – 1707
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Seljuk Empire
|Seljuk Empire
|1037 – 1194
|1037 – 1194
|
|
* Five Treasures {1163 – 1197} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Khamsa_of_Nizami Wikimedia]
* Incoherence of the Philosophers
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Western Xià
|Western Xià
|1038 – 1227
|1038 – 1227
|
|
* Auspicious Tantra of All-Reaching Union {between 1139 and 1193} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Artefacts_from_Baisigou_Square_Pagoda Wikimedia]
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kediri Kingdom
|Kediri Kingdom
|1042 – 1222
|1042 – 1222
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sulayhid dynasty
|Sulayhid dynasty
|1047 – 1138
|1047 – 1138
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Almoravid dynasty
|Almoravid dynasty
|1050s – 1147
|1050s – 1147
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Doukas dynasty
|Doukas dynasty
|1059 – 1081
|1059 – 1081
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Castile
|Kingdom of Castile
|1065 – 1833
|1065 – 1833
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Norman England
|Norman England
|1066 – 1216
|1066 – 1216
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
Line 3,125: Line 1,764:
|1075 – 1220
|1075 – 1220
|
|
|
|
|
* Golden Rhinoceros of Mapungubwe [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Golden_Rhinoceros_of_Mapungubwe Wikimedia]
|-
|-
|Anushtegin dynasty
|Anushtegin dynasty
|1077 – 1231
|1077 – 1231
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Komnenos dynasty
|Komnenos dynasty
|1081 – 1185
|1081 – 1185
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Zurayid dynasty
|Zurayid dynasty
|1083 – 1174
|1083 – 1174
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Almoravid rule in Al-Andalus
|Almoravid rule in Al-Andalus
|1085 – 1145
|1085 – 1145
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Grand Principality of Serbia
|Grand Principality of Serbia
|1091 – 1217
|1091 – 1217
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Phayao
|Kingdom of Phayao
|1094 – 1338
|1094 – 1338
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Crusader states
|Crusader states
|1098 – 1291
|1098 – 1291
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of Genoa
|Republic of Genoa
|1099 – 1797, 1814 – 1815
|1099 – 1797, 1814 – 1815
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Pannai
|Pannai
|11<sup>th</sup> century – 14<sup>th</sup> century
|11<sup>th</sup> century – 14<sup>th</sup> century
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Jīn dynasty
|Jīn dynasty
|1115 – 1234
|1115 – 1234
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Hazaraspids
|Hazaraspids
|1115 – 1424
|1115 – 1424
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
Line 3,210: Line 1,812:
|1115 – 1569
|1115 – 1569
|
|
|
* Ten Days {1353} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Decameron Wikimedia]
|
|
* David {1504} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:David_by_Michelangelo_Buonarroti Wikimedia]
|-
|-
|Almohad Caliphate
|Almohad Caliphate
|1121 – 1269
|1121 – 1269
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of Siena
|Republic of Siena
|1125 – 1555
|1125 – 1555
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Zengid dynasty
|Zengid dynasty
|1127 – 1250
|1127 – 1250
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Almohad Caliphate
|Almohad Caliphate
|1127 – 1269
|1127 – 1269
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Southern Sòng
|Southern Sòng
|1127 – 1279
|1127 – 1279
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Khamag Mongol
|Khamag Mongol
|1130 – 1206
|1130 – 1206
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Sicily
|Kingdom of Sicily
|1130 – 1816
|1130 – 1816
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Principality of Kiev
|Principality of Kiev
|1132 – 1471
|1132 – 1471
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Eldiguzids
|Eldiguzids
|1136 – 1225
|1136 – 1225
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Novgorod Republic
|Novgorod Republic
|1136 – 1478
|1136 – 1478
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sultanate of Kedah
|Sultanate of Kedah
|1136 – 1821, 1842 – 1945
|1136 – 1821, 1842 – 1945
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Zagwe dynasty
|Zagwe dynasty
|1137 – 1270
|1137 – 1270
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Second Taifa period
|Second Taifa period
|1140 – 1203
|1140 – 1203
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Atabegs of Yazd
|Atabegs of Yazd
|1141 – 1319
|1141 – 1319
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Almohad rule in Al-Andalus
|Almohad rule in Al-Andalus
|1147 – 1238
|1147 – 1238
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Salghurids
|Salghurids
|1148 – 1282
|1148 – 1282
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Salado culture
|Salado culture
|1150 – 15<sup>th</sup> century
|1150 – 15<sup>th</sup> century
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Nabhani dynasty
|Nabhani dynasty
|1154 – 1624
|1154 – 1624
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Pishkinid dynasty
|Pishkinid dynasty
|1155 – 1231
|1155 – 1231
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Mahdid dynasty
|Mahdid dynasty
|1159 – 1174
|1159 – 1174
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Khorshidi dynasty
|Khorshidi dynasty
|1184 – 1597
|1184 – 1597
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Angelos dynasty
|Angelos dynasty
|1185 – 1204
|1185 – 1204
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ayyubid dynasty
|Ayyubid dynasty
|1171 – 1341
|1171 – 1341
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kamakura period
|Kamakura period
|1185 – 1333
|1185 – 1333
|
|
* Ogura's One Hundred People, One Poem Each [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hyakunin_Isshu Wikimedia]
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Second Bulgarian Empire
|Second Bulgarian Empire
|1185 – 1396
|1185 – 1396
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Latin Empire
|Latin Empire
|1204 – 1261
|1204 – 1261
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Candia
|Kingdom of Candia
|1205 – 1667
|1205 – 1667
|
|
* Erotokritos
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Mongol Empire
|Mongol Empire
|1206 – 1368
|1206 – 1368
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Delhi Sultanate
|Delhi Sultanate
|1206 – 1526
|1206 – 1526
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Shan states
|Shan states
|1215 – 1885, 1885 – 1948, 1948 – 1959
|1215 – 1885, 1885 – 1948, 1948 – 1959
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Plantagenet dynasty
|Plantagenet dynasty
|1216 – 1485
|1216 – 1485
|
|
* The Canterbury Tales {c. 1400}
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Serbia in 1217 – 1346
|Kingdom of Serbia in 1217 – 1346
|1217 – 1346
|1217 – 1346
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Zimbabwe
|Kingdom of Zimbabwe
|c. 1220 – 1450
|c. 1220 – 1450
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Singhasari
|Singhasari
|1222 – 1292
|1222 – 1292
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Qutlugh-Khanids
|Qutlugh-Khanids
|1222 – 1306
|1222 – 1306
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Trần dynasty
|Trần dynasty
|1225 – 1400
|1225 – 1400
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Aru Kingdom
|Aru Kingdom
|1225 – 1613
|1225 – 1613
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Rasulid dynasty
|Rasulid dynasty
|1229 – 1454
|1229 – 1454
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Hafsid dynasty
|Hafsid dynasty
|1229 – 1574
|1229 – 1574
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Third Taifa period
|Third Taifa period
|1232 – 1287
|1232 – 1287
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Emirate of Granada
|Emirate of Granada
|1232 – 1492
|1232 – 1492
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Mali Empire
|Mali Empire
|c. 1235 – 1670
|c. 1235 – 1670
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Zayyanid dynasty
|Zayyanid dynasty
|1235 – 1557
|1235 – 1557
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Mihrabanids
|Mihrabanids
|1236 – 1537
|1236 – 1537
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Grand Duchy of Lithuania
|Grand Duchy of Lithuania
|c. 1236 – 1795
|c. 1236 – 1795
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sukhothai Kingdom
|Sukhothai Kingdom
|1238 – 1438
|1238 – 1438
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Golden Horde
|Golden Horde
|1242 – 1502
|1242 – 1502
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kart dynasty
|Kart dynasty
|1244 – 1381
|1244 – 1381
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Marinid Sultanate
|Marinid Sultanate
|1244 – 1465
|1244 – 1465
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Mamluk Sultanate
|Mamluk Sultanate
|1250 – 1517
|1250 – 1517
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ilkhanids
|Ilkhanids
|1256 – 1335
|1256 – 1335
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Gapi
|Kingdom of Gapi
|1257 – 1486
|1257 – 1486
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Palaiologos dynasty
|Palaiologos dynasty
|1261 – 1453
|1261 – 1453
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Samudera Pasai Sultanate
|Samudera Pasai Sultanate
|1267 – 1524
|1267 – 1524
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Yuán rule in Tibet
|Yuán rule in Tibet
|c. 1270 – 1354
|c. 1270 – 1354
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ethiopian Empire
|Ethiopian Empire
|1270 – 1940
|1270 – 1940
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
Line 3,614: Line 2,040:
|1271 – 1368
|1271 – 1368
|
|
|
|
|
* Dwelling in the Fùchūn Mountains {1350} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dwelling_in_the_Fuchun_Mountains Wikimedia]
|-
|-
|Realm of Stefan Dragutin
|Realm of Stefan Dragutin
|1282 – 1325
|1282 – 1325
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Grand Duchy of Moscow
|Grand Duchy of Moscow
|1282 – 1547
|1282 – 1547
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Naples
|Kingdom of Naples
|1282 – 1806, 1815 – 1816
|1282 – 1806, 1815 – 1816
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Hanthawaddy Kingdom
|Hanthawaddy Kingdom
|1287 – 1552
|1287 – 1552
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Lan Na Kingdom
|Lan Na Kingdom
|1292 – 1775
|1292 – 1775
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Principality of Wallachia
|Principality of Wallachia
|1290 – 1862
|1290 – 1862
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Majapahit Empire
|Majapahit Empire
|1293 – 1527
|1293 – 1527
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Myinsaing Kingdom
|Myinsaing Kingdom
|1297 – 1313
|1297 – 1313
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ottoman Empire
|Ottoman Empire
|c. 1299 – 1922
|c. 1299 – 1922
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom
|Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom
|13<sup>th</sup> century – 1782
|13<sup>th</sup> century – 1782
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sultanate of Jailolo
|Sultanate of Jailolo
|13<sup>th</sup> century – 1832
|13<sup>th</sup> century – 1832
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Muang Phuan
|Muang Phuan
|13<sup>th</sup> century – 1893
|13<sup>th</sup> century – 1893
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate
|Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate
|1300 – 1844
|1300 – 1844
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Pinya
|Kingdom of Pinya
|1313 – 1365
|1313 – 1365
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Muzaffarid dynasty
|Muzaffarid dynasty
|1314 – 1393
|1314 – 1393
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Sagaing
|Kingdom of Sagaing
|1315 – 1365
|1315 – 1365
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sultanate of Bacan
|Sultanate of Bacan
|1322? – 1965
|1322? – 1965
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Valois kings
|Valois kings
|1328 – 1498
|1328 – 1498
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Injuids
|Injuids
|1335 – 1357
|1335 – 1357
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Jalayirid Sultanate
|Jalayirid Sultanate
|1335 – 1432
|1335 – 1432
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Muromachi period
|Muromachi period
|1336 – 1573
|1336 – 1573
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Vijayanagara Empire
|Vijayanagara Empire
|1336 – 1646
|1336 – 1646
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sarbadars
|Sarbadars
|1337 – 1381
|1337 – 1381
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Chobanids
|Chobanids
|1338 – 1357
|1338 – 1357
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Bengal Sultanate
|Bengal Sultanate
|1342 – 1539, 1554 – 1576
|1342 – 1539, 1554 – 1576
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Voivodeship of Maramureș
|Voivodeship of Maramureș
|1343 – 1402
|1343 – 1402
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Serbian Empire
|Serbian Empire
|1346 – 1371
|1346 – 1371
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Principality of Moldavia
|Principality of Moldavia
|1346 – 1859
|1346 – 1859
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Pagaruyung
|Pagaruyung
|1347 – 1833
|1347 – 1833
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Lands of the Bohemian Crown
|Lands of the Bohemian Crown
|1348 – 1918
|1348 – 1918
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Afrasiyab dynasty
|Afrasiyab dynasty
|1349 – 1504
|1349 – 1504
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ayutthaya Kingdom
|Ayutthaya Kingdom
|1351 – 1767
|1351 – 1767
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Lan Xang
|Lan Xang
|1353 – 1707
|1353 – 1707
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Phagmodrupa dynasty
|Phagmodrupa dynasty
|1354 – 1618
|1354 – 1618
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Marashis
|Marashis
|1359 – 1596
|1359 – 1596
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Venetian rule in the Ionian Islands
|Venetian rule in the Ionian Islands
|1363 – 1797
|1363 – 1797
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Eyalet of Rumelia
|Eyalet of Rumelia
|1365 – 1867
|1365 – 1867
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sultanate of Brunei
|Sultanate of Brunei
|1368 – 1888
|1368 – 1888
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Ava
|Kingdom of Ava
|1365 – 1555
|1365 – 1555
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Northern Yuán
|Northern Yuán
|1368 – 1635
|1368 – 1635
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Míng dynasty
|Míng dynasty
|1368 – 1644
|1368 – 1644
|
|
* Water Margin {before 1524} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Water_Margin Wikimedia]
* Journey to the West {c. 1592} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Journey_to_the_West Wikimedia]
* Plum in the Golden Vase {c. 1610} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jin_Ping_Mei Wikimedia]
* Exploitation of the Works of Nature {1637} [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/31202 Project Gutenberg] [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tiangong_Kaiwu Wikimedia] [https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&author=%E5%AE%8B%E6%87%89%E6%98%9F 中國哲學書電子化計劃] [https://www.chineseclassic.com/content/1253 數位經典]
* Romance of the Three Kingdoms [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:%E5%BE%90%E9%9C%9E%E5%AE%A2%E9%81%8A%E8%A8%98 Wikimedia]
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sultanate of Brunei
|Sultanate of Brunei
|1368 – 1888
|1368 – 1888
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Timurid Empire
|Timurid Empire
|1370 – 1507
|1370 – 1507
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kar-Kiya dynasty
|Kar-Kiya dynasty
|1370s – 1592
|1370s – 1592
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Realm of King Marko
|Realm of King Marko
|1371 – 1395
|1371 – 1395
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Principality of Moravian Serbia
|Principality of Moravian Serbia
|1371 – 1402
|1371 – 1402
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|District of Branković
|District of Branković
|1371 – 1412
|1371 – 1412
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ottoman rule in Greece
|Ottoman rule in Greece
|1371 – 1912
|1371 – 1912
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Qara Qoyunlu
|Qara Qoyunlu
|1374 – 1468
|1374 – 1468
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Kongo
|Kingdom of Kongo
|1378 – 1914
|1378 – 1914
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Burgundian Netherlands
|Burgundian Netherlands
|1384 – 1482
|1384 – 1482
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Jagiellonian dynasty in Poland
|Jagiellonian dynasty in Poland
|1385 – 1572
|1385 – 1572
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Aq Qoyunlu
|Aq Qoyunlu
|1378 – 1503
|1378 – 1503
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Joseon
|Joseon
|1392 – 1897
|1392 – 1897
|
|
* Proper Sounds for the Instruction of the People {1446} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hunminjeongeum Wikimedia] [https://ko.wikisource.org/wiki/%ED%9B%88%EB%AF%BC%EC%A0%95%EC%9D%8C Wikisource]
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ottoman Bulgaria
|Ottoman Bulgaria
|1396 – 1878
|1396 – 1878
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Oirat Confederation
|Oirat Confederation
|1399 – 1634
|1399 – 1634
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sultanate of Malacca
|Sultanate of Malacca
|c. 1400 – 1528
|c. 1400 – 1528
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Malacca Sultanate
|Malacca Sultanate
|c. 1400 – 1511
|c. 1400 – 1511
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sultanate of Patani
|Sultanate of Patani
|c. 1400 – 1902
|c. 1400 – 1902
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Hồ dynasty
|Hồ dynasty
|1400 – 1407
|1400 – 1407
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Serbian Despotate
|Serbian Despotate
|1402 – 1442, 1444 – 1459
|1402 – 1442, 1444 – 1459
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Tamna
|Tamna
|? – 1404
|? – 1404
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Fourth Era of Northern Domination
|Fourth Era of Northern Domination
|1407 – 1427
|1407 – 1427
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sultanate of Adal
|Sultanate of Adal
|1415 – 1577
|1415 – 1577
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Jabrids
|Jabrids
|1417 – 1524
|1417 – 1524
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Uzbek Khanate
|Uzbek Khanate
|1428 – 1471
|1428 – 1471
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Aztec Empire
|Aztec Empire
|1428 – 1521
|1428 – 1521
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Later Lê dynasty
|Later Lê dynasty
|1428 – 1527, 1533 – 1789
|1428 – 1527, 1533 – 1789
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Songhai Empire
|Songhai Empire
|c. 1430s – 1591
|c. 1430s – 1591
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Mutapa
|Kingdom of Mutapa
|1430 – 1760
|1430 – 1760
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Mrauk-U
|Kingdom of Mrauk-U
|1430 – 1785
|1430 – 1785
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|post-Angkor period of Cambodia
|post-Angkor period of Cambodia
|1431 – 1863
|1431 – 1863
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Rinpungpa
|Rinpungpa
|1435 – 1565
|1435 – 1565
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Inca Empire
|Inca Empire
|1438 – 1572
|1438 – 1572
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Crimean Khanate
|Crimean Khanate
|1441 – 1783
|1441 – 1783
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sultanate of Cirebon
|Sultanate of Cirebon
|1447 – 1679
|1447 – 1679
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Haudenosaunee
|Haudenosaunee
|1450 – c. 1660  
|1450 – c. 1660  
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sultanate of Tidore
|Sultanate of Tidore
|1450 – 1967
|1450 – 1967
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Tahirid Sultanate
|Tahirid Sultanate
|1450 – 1967
|1450 – 1967
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sultanate of Sulu
|Sultanate of Sulu
|1457 – 1915
|1457 – 1915
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ottoman Serbia
|Ottoman Serbia
|1459 – 1804
|1459 – 1804
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kazakh Khanate
|Kazakh Khanate
|1465 – 1847
|1465 – 1847
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Pahang Sultanate
|Pahang Sultanate
|1470 – 1623
|1470 – 1623
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Wattasid dynasty
|Wattasid dynasty
|1472 – 1554
|1472 – 1554
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sultanate of Demak
|Sultanate of Demak
|1475 – 1554
|1475 – 1554
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Prome
|Kingdom of Prome
|1482 – 1542
|1482 – 1542
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Habsburg Netherlands
|Habsburg Netherlands
|1482 – 1797
|1482 – 1797
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Tudor dynasty
|Tudor dynasty
|1485 – 1603
|1485 – 1603
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sultanate of Ternate
|Sultanate of Ternate
|1486 – 1914
|1486 – 1914
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sultanate of Aceh
|Sultanate of Aceh
|1496 – 1903
|1496 – 1903
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Valois-Orléans kings
|Valois-Orléans kings
|1498 – 1515
|1498 – 1515
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Province of Tierra Firme
|Province of Tierra Firme
|1498 – 1542
|1498 – 1542
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Rwanda
|Kingdom of Rwanda
|15<sup>th</sup> century – 1961
|15<sup>th</sup> century – 1961
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Safavid Iran
|Safavid Iran
|1501 – 1736
|1501 – 1736
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Portuguese Mozambique
|Portuguese Mozambique
|1505 – 1975
|1505 – 1975
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Portuguese Oman
|Portuguese Oman
|1507 – 1656
|1507 – 1656
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Spanish Tripoli
|Spanish Tripoli
|1510 – 1530
|1510 – 1530
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|First Toungoo Empire
|First Toungoo Empire
|1510 – 1599
|1510 – 1599
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Saadi Sultanate
|Saadi Sultanate
|1510 – 1659
|1510 – 1659
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Portuguese Malacca
|Portuguese Malacca
|1511 – 1641
|1511 – 1641
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Valois-Angoulême kings
|Valois-Angoulême kings
|1515 – 1589
|1515 – 1589
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Larantuka
|Kingdom of Larantuka
|1515 – 1904
|1515 – 1904
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Habsburg Spain
|Habsburg Spain
|1516 – 1700
|1516 – 1700
|
|
* Don Quijote de la Mancha {1605 – 1615}
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Regency of Algiers
|Regency of Algiers
|1516 – 1830
|1516 – 1830
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ottoman Syria
|Ottoman Syria
|1516 – 1918
|1516 – 1918
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Yemen Eyalet
|Yemen Eyalet
|1517 – 1636, 1849 – 1872
|1517 – 1636, 1849 – 1872
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Portuguese rule in Insulindia
|Portuguese rule in Insulindia
|c. 1522 – 1605
|c. 1522 – 1605
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|New Spain
|New Spain
|1521 – 1821
|1521 – 1821
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sultanate of Banten
|Sultanate of Banten
|1526 – 1813
|1526 – 1813
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Mughal Empire
|Mughal Empire
|1526 – 1857
|1526 – 1857
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sultanate of Banjar
|Sultanate of Banjar
|1526 – 1860
|1526 – 1860
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kalinyamat Sultanate
|Kalinyamat Sultanate
|1527 – 1599
|1527 – 1599
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Mạc dynasty
|Mạc dynasty
|1527 – 1677
|1527 – 1677
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Johor Sultanate
|Johor Sultanate
|1528 – 1855, 1886 – 1942
|1528 – 1855, 1886 – 1942
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Governorate of New Castile
|Governorate of New Castile
|1529 – 1542
|1529 – 1542
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Governorate of New Toledo
|Governorate of New Toledo
|1529 – 1542
|1529 – 1542
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Governorate of New León
|Governorate of New León
|1529 – 1544
|1529 – 1544
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Hospitaller Tripoli
|Hospitaller Tripoli
|1530 – 1551
|1530 – 1551
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Revival Lê dynasty
|Revival Lê dynasty
|1533 – 1789
|1533 – 1789
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Captaincies of Brazil
|Captaincies of Brazil
|1534 – 1549
|1534 – 1549
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Governorate of New Andalusia
|Governorate of New Andalusia
|1534 – 1617
|1534 – 1617
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|New France
|New France
|1534 – 1763
|1534 – 1763
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sur Empire
|Sur Empire
|1538 – 1555
|1538 – 1555
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Governorate of Terra Australis
|Governorate of Terra Australis
|1539 – 1555
|1539 – 1555
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Imerina
|Kingdom of Imerina
|1540 – 1897
|1540 – 1897
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|General Captaincy of Chile
|General Captaincy of Chile
|1541 – 1810, 1814 – 1818
|1541 – 1810, 1814 – 1818
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Viceroyalty of Peru
|Viceroyalty of Peru
|1542 – 1824
|1542 – 1824
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Tsardom of Russia
|Tsardom of Russia
|1547 – 1721
|1547 – 1721
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Seventeen Provinces
|Seventeen Provinces
|1549 – 1581
|1549 – 1581
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Saadi Sultanate
|Saadi Sultanate
|1549 – 1659
|1549 – 1659
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|State of Brazil
|State of Brazil
|1549 – 1815
|1549 – 1815
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Governorate of the Río de la Plata
|Governorate of the Río de la Plata
|1549 – 1776
|1549 – 1776
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ottoman Tripolitania
|Ottoman Tripolitania
|1551 – 1912
|1551 – 1912
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Eyalet of Temeşvar
|Eyalet of Temeşvar
|1552 – 1716
|1552 – 1716
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Spanish Netherlands
|Spanish Netherlands
|1556 – 1714
|1556 – 1714
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Tsangpa
|Tsangpa
|1565 – 1642
|1565 – 1642
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Spanish East Indies
|Spanish East Indies
|1565 – 1901
|1565 – 1901
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Poland–Lithuania
|Poland–Lithuania
|1569 – 1795
|1569 – 1795
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Principality of Transylvania
|Principality of Transylvania
|1570 – 1711
|1570 – 1711
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Azuchi–Momoyama period
|Azuchi–Momoyama period
|1573 – 1600
|1573 – 1600
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Regency of Tunis
|Regency of Tunis
|1574 – 1881
|1574 – 1881
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|United Provinces of the Netherlands
|United Provinces of the Netherlands
|1579 – 1795
|1579 – 1795
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|British America
|British America
|1585 – 1783
|1585 – 1783
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Empire of Luba
|Empire of Luba
|1585 – 1889
|1585 – 1889
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sultanate of Mataram
|Sultanate of Mataram
|1586 – 1755
|1586 – 1755
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Bourbon kings
|Bourbon kings
|1589 – 1792
|1589 – 1792
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Silistra Eyalet
|Silistra Eyalet
|1593 – 1864
|1593 – 1864
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Qasimid State
|Qasimid State
|1597 – 1849
|1597 – 1849
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sultanate of Sarawak
|Sultanate of Sarawak
|1599 – 1641
|1599 – 1641
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Restored Taungoo Kingdom
|Restored Taungoo Kingdom
|1599 – 1752
|1599 – 1752
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Lunda
|Kingdom of Lunda
|1600 – 1887
|1600 – 1887
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Stuart era
|Stuart era
|1603 – 1714
|1603 – 1714
|
|
* The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy {1687} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Philosophiae_Naturalis_Principia_Mathematica Wikimedia] [https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Philosophiae_Naturalis_Principia_Mathematica Wikisource]
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Edo period
|Edo period
|1603 – 1868
|1603 – 1868
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sultanate of Singora
|Sultanate of Singora
|1605 – 1680
|1605 – 1680
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Company rule in the Dutch East Indies
|Company rule in the Dutch East Indies
|1610 – 1800
|1610 – 1800
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|New Netherland
|New Netherland
|1614 – 1667, 1673 – 1674
|1614 – 1667, 1673 – 1674
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Governorate of Paraguay
|Governorate of Paraguay
|1617 – 1782
|1617 – 1782
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Yarubid dynasty
|Yarubid dynasty
|1620 – 1742
|1620 – 1742
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Bakuba
|Kingdom of Bakuba
|1625 – 1884
|1625 – 1884
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of Salé
|Republic of Salé
|1627 – 1668
|1627 – 1668
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sultanate of Deli
|Sultanate of Deli
|1632 – 1946
|1632 – 1946
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Dzungar Khanate
|Dzungar Khanate
|1634 – 1758
|1634 – 1758
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|New Sweden
|New Sweden
|1638 – 1655
|1638 – 1655
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Dutch Malacca
|Dutch Malacca
|1641 – 1795, 1818 – 1825
|1641 – 1795, 1818 – 1825
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Khoshut Khanate
|Khoshut Khanate
|1642 – 1717
|1642 – 1717
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Qīng dynasty
|Qīng dynasty
|1644 – 1912
|1644 – 1912
|
|
* The Most Prominent Ancient-Style Articles {1695}
* Unofficial History of the Scholars {1750}
* Three Hundred Táng Poems {1763} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Three_Hundred_Tang_Poems Wikimedia]
* Dream of the Red Chamber {1791} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dream_of_the_Red_Chamber Wikimedia]
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Cossack Hetmanate
|Cossack Hetmanate
|1649 – 1764
|1649 – 1764
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Dutch Cape Colony
|Dutch Cape Colony
|1652 – 1806
|1652 – 1806
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Palembang Sultanate
|Palembang Sultanate
|1659 – 1823
|1659 – 1823
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Rozvi Empire
|Rozvi Empire
|1660 – 1866
|1660 – 1866
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Varat Eyalet
|Varat Eyalet
|1660 – 1692
|1660 – 1692
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Alawi Sultanate
|Alawi Sultanate
|1666 – 1912
|1666 – 1912
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Colony of Surinam
|Colony of Surinam
|1667 – 1954
|1667 – 1954
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Bani Khalid Emirate
|Bani Khalid Emirate
|1669 – 1796
|1669 – 1796
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Bola'ang-Mongondow
|Kingdom of Bola'ang-Mongondow
|1670 – 1950
|1670 – 1950
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Maratha Confederacy
|Maratha Confederacy
|1674 – 1818
|1674 – 1818
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Burundi
|Kingdom of Burundi
|1680 – 1966
|1680 – 1966
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|British Bencoolen
|British Bencoolen
|1685 – 1824
|1685 – 1824
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Habsburg-occupied Serbia
|Habsburg-occupied Serbia
|1686 – 1699
|1686 – 1699
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Qīng rule in Mongolia
|Qīng rule in Mongolia
|1691 – 1911
|1691 – 1911
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Omani Empire
|Omani Empire
|1691 – 1856
|1691 – 1856
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Bourbon Spain
|Bourbon Spain
|1700 – 1808
|1700 – 1808
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Prussia
|Kingdom of Prussia
|1701 – 1918
|1701 – 1918
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Mamluk dynasty of Iraq
|Mamluk dynasty of Iraq
|1704 – 1831
|1704 – 1831
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Beylik of Tunis
|Beylik of Tunis
|1705 – 1881
|1705 – 1881
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Vientiane
|Kingdom of Vientiane
|1707 – 1828
|1707 – 1828
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Luang Phrabang
|Kingdom of Luang Phrabang
|1707 – 1947
|1707 – 1947
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Champasak
|Kingdom of Champasak
|1713 – 1904
|1713 – 1904
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Georgian era
|Georgian era
|1714 – 1830
|1714 – 1830
|
|
* British Encyclopaedia {1768 – } [https://www.1902encyclopedia.com/ 1902 Encyclopedia] [https://www.britannica.com/ Encyclopædia Britannica] [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica Wikisource]
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Habsburg Serbia
|Habsburg Serbia
|1718 – 1739
|1718 – 1739
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Russian Empire
|Russian Empire
|1721 – 1917
|1721 – 1917
|
|
* War and Peace {1865 – 1867}
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Qīng rule in Tibet
|Qīng rule in Tibet
|1720 – 1912
|1720 – 1912
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura
|Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura
|1722 – 1949
|1722 – 1949
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Emirate of Dir'iyah
|Emirate of Dir'iyah
|1727 – 1818
|1727 – 1818
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sultanate of Lahej
|Sultanate of Lahej
|1728 – 1967
|1728 – 1967
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Afsharid Iran
|Afsharid Iran
|1736 – 1796
|1736 – 1796
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom
|Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom
|1740 – 1757
|1740 – 1757
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Russian America
|Russian America
|1741 – 1867
|1741 – 1867
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sunanate of Selangor
|Sunanate of Selangor
|1743 – 1945, 1957 – 1963
|1743 – 1945, 1957 – 1963
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sunanate of Surakarta
|Sunanate of Surakarta
|1745 – 1945
|1745 – 1945
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Zand dynasty
|Zand dynasty
|1751 – 1794
|1751 – 1794
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Konbaung dynasty
|Konbaung dynasty
|1752 – 1885
|1752 – 1885
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sultanate of Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat
|Sultanate of Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat
|1755 – 1945
|1755 – 1945
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Company rule in India
|Company rule in India
|1757 – 1858
|1757 – 1858
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Mysore
|Kingdom of Mysore
|1760 – 1799
|1760 – 1799
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Thonburi Kingdom
|Thonburi Kingdom
|1767 – 1782
|1767 – 1782
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Pahang Kingdom
|Pahang Kingdom
|1770 – 1881
|1770 – 1881
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
|Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
|1772 – 1918
|1772 – 1918
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|United States of America in 1776 – 1789
|United States of America in 1776 – 1789
|1776 – 1789
|1776 – 1789
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
|Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
|1776 – 1825
|1776 – 1825
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kēngwěi Republic
|Kēngwěi Republic
|1776 – 1839
|1776 – 1839
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sāntiáogōu Republic
|Sāntiáogōu Republic
|1777 – 1853
|1777 – 1853
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Lánfāng Republic
|Lánfāng Republic
|1777 – 1884
|1777 – 1884
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Tây Sơn dynasty
|Tây Sơn dynasty
|1778 – 1802
|1778 – 1802
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Confederation period of the United States of America
|Confederation period of the United States of America
|1781 – 1788
|1781 – 1788
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Besut Darul Iman
|Kingdom of Besut Darul Iman
|1780 – 1899
|1780 – 1899
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Rattanakosin Kingdom
|Rattanakosin Kingdom
|1782 – 1932
|1782 – 1932
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|United States of America in 1789 – 1815
|United States of America in 1789 – 1815
|1789 – 1815
|1789 – 1815
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Qajar Iran
|Qajar Iran
|1789 – 1925
|1789 – 1925
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|French First Republic
|French First Republic
|1792 – 1804
|1792 – 1804
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Batavian Republic / Batavian Commonwealth
|Batavian Republic / Batavian Commonwealth
|1795 – 1806
|1795 – 1806
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|French campaign in Egypt
|French campaign in Egypt
|1798 – 1801
|1798 – 1801
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sikh Empire
|Sikh Empire
|1799 – 1849
|1799 – 1849
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of the Seven Islands
|Republic of the Seven Islands
|1800 – 1807
|1800 – 1807
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Dutch East Indies
|Dutch East Indies
|1800 – 1949
|1800 – 1949
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Nguyễn dynasty
|Nguyễn dynasty
|1802 – 1945
|1802 – 1945
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Karađorđe's Serbia
|Karađorđe's Serbia
|1804 – 1813
|1804 – 1813
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Empire of Austria
|Empire of Austria
|1804 – 1867
|1804 – 1867
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|First French Empire
|First French Empire
|1804 – 1814
|1804 – 1814
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sokoto Caliphate
|Sokoto Caliphate
|1804 – 1903
|1804 – 1903
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Muhammad Ali dynasty
|Muhammad Ali dynasty
|1805 – 1953
|1805 – 1953
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Holland
|Kingdom of Holland
|1806 – 1810
|1806 – 1810
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Confederation of the Rhine
|Confederation of the Rhine
|1806 – 1813
|1806 – 1813
|
|
* Faust {1808 – 1832} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Faust_(Goethe) Wikimedia]
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Cape Colony
|Cape Colony
|1806 – 1910
|1806 – 1910
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|French and British interregnum in the Dutch East Indies
|French and British interregnum in the Dutch East Indies
|1806 – 1916
|1806 – 1916
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Napoleonic Spain
|Napoleonic Spain
|1808 – 1813
|1808 – 1813
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara
|Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara
|1808 – 1916
|1808 – 1916
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Patria Vieja
|Patria Vieja
|1810 – 1814
|1810 – 1814
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
|United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
|1810 – 1831
|1810 – 1831
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Reman
|Kingdom of Reman
|1810 – 1902
|1810 – 1902
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|independence of Paraguay
|independence of Paraguay
|1811 – 1814
|1811 – 1814
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|United Provinces of New Granada
|United Provinces of New Granada
|1811 – 1816
|1811 – 1816
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Bourbon Restoration
|Bourbon Restoration
|1814 – 1830
|1814 – 1830
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Spain in 1813 – 1873
|Kingdom of Spain in 1813 – 1873
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Line 5,344: Line 3,019:
|Francia era
|Francia era
|1814 – 1840
|1814 – 1840
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of the Netherlands
|Kingdom of the Netherlands
|1815 –
|1815 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|German Confederation
|German Confederation
|1815 – 1848, 1850 – 1866
|1815 – 1848, 1850 – 1866
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
|United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
|1815 – 1825
|1815 – 1825
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|United States of America in 1815 – 1849
|United States of America in 1815 – 1849
|1815 – 1849
|1815 – 1849
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Principality of Serbia
|Principality of Serbia
|1815 – 1882
|1815 – 1882
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Zulu Kingdom
|Zulu Kingdom
|1816 – 1897
|1816 – 1897
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Patria Nueva
|Patria Nueva
|1817 – 1826
|1817 – 1826
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ibn Mu'ammar's Emirate
|Ibn Mu'ammar's Emirate
|1818 – 1820
|1818 – 1820
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republican era in Chile
|Republican era in Chile
|1818 – 1891
|1818 – 1891
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Gran Colombia
|Gran Colombia
|1819 – 1931
|1819 – 1931
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|First Mexican Empire
|First Mexican Empire
|1821 – 1823
|1821 – 1823
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|First Hellenic Republic
|First Hellenic Republic
|1822 – 1832
|1822 – 1832
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Empire of Brazil
|Empire of Brazil
|1822 – 1889
|1822 – 1889
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|First Mexican Republic
|First Mexican Republic
|1824 – 1835
|1824 – 1835
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|British rule in Burma
|British rule in Burma
|1824 – 1948
|1824 – 1948
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Emirate of Nejd
|Emirate of Nejd
|1824 – 1891
|1824 – 1891
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Riau-Lingga Sultanate
|Riau-Lingga Sultanate
|1824 – 1911
|1824 – 1911
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Oriental Republic of Uruguay
|Oriental Republic of Uruguay
|1825 –
|1825 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Plurinational State of Bolivia
|Plurinational State of Bolivia
|1825 –
|1825 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Conservative Republic in Chile
|Conservative Republic in Chile
|1826 – 1861
|1826 – 1861
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Liberal Republic in Chile
|Liberal Republic in Chile
|1826 – 1891
|1826 – 1891
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Straits Settlements
|Straits Settlements
|1826 – 1946
|1826 – 1946
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|July Monarchy
|July Monarchy
|1830 – 1848
|1830 – 1848
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|State of Venezuela
|State of Venezuela
|1830 – 1864
|1830 – 1864
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|French Algeria
|French Algeria
|1830 – 1962
|1830 – 1962
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of New Granada
|Republic of New Granada
|1831 – 1858
|1831 – 1858
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|British Guiana
|British Guiana
|1831 – 1966
|1831 – 1966
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Greece
|Kingdom of Greece
|1832 – 1924, 1935 – 1973
|1832 – 1924, 1935 – 1973
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Emirate of Jabal Shammar
|Emirate of Jabal Shammar
|1836 – 1921
|1836 – 1921
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Victorian era
|Victorian era
|1837 – 1901
|1837 – 1901
|
|
* Canon of Sherlock Holmes {1887 – 1927}
* On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life {1859} [https://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Freeman_OntheOriginofSpecies.html Darwin Online] [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/485 Project Gutenberg] [https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/charles-darwin/the-origin-of-species Standard Ebooks] [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species Wikisource]
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Natalia Republic
|Natalia Republic
|1839 – 1843
|1839 – 1843
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Kubang Pasu Darul Qiyam
|Kingdom of Kubang Pasu Darul Qiyam
|1839 – 1859
|1839 – 1859
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Belgium
|Kingdom of Belgium
|1839 –
|1839 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Mthwakazi
|Mthwakazi
|1840 – 1895
|1840 – 1895
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|López era
|López era
|1841 – 1870
|1841 – 1870
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Raj of Sarawak
|Raj of Sarawak
|1841 – 1946
|1841 – 1946
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Colony of Natal
|Colony of Natal
|1843 – 1910
|1843 – 1910
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Second Federal Republic of Mexico
|Second Federal Republic of Mexico
|1846 – 1863
|1846 – 1863
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Serbian Vojvodina
|Serbian Vojvodina
|1848 – 1849
|1848 – 1849
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|German Empire
|German Empire
|1848 – 1849
|1848 – 1849
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|French Second Republic
|French Second Republic
|1848 – 1852
|1848 – 1852
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Crown Colony of Labuan
|Crown Colony of Labuan
|1848 – 1946
|1848 – 1946
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banate
|Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banate
|1849 – 1861
|1849 – 1861
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|United States of America in 1849 – 1865
|United States of America in 1849 – 1865
|1849 – 1865
|1849 – 1865
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Second Empire of France
|Second Empire of France
|1852 – 1870
|1852 – 1870
|
|
* The Wretched {1862}
|
|
|
|-
|-
|South African Republic
|South African Republic
|1852 – 1902
|1852 – 1902
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Orange Free State
|Orange Free State
|1854 – 1902
|1854 – 1902
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Yeke Kingdom
|Yeke Kingdom
|1856 – 1891
|1856 – 1891
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sultanate of Zanzibar
|Sultanate of Zanzibar
|1856 – 1964
|1856 – 1964
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sultanate of Muscat and Oman
|Sultanate of Muscat and Oman
|1856 – 1970
|1856 – 1970
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Granadine Confederation
|Granadine Confederation
|1858 – 1863
|1858 – 1863
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|British Raj
|British Raj
|1858 – 1947
|1858 – 1947
|
|
* Song Offerings {1910} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gitanjali Wikimedia]
|
|
|
|-
|-
|United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia / Romanian United Principalities / Romania
|United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia / Romanian United Principalities / Romania
|1859 – 1881
|1859 – 1881
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Confederate States of America
|Confederate States of America
|1861 – 1865
|1861 – 1865
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Italy
|Kingdom of Italy
|1861 – 1946
|1861 – 1946
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Liberal governments in Argentina
|Liberal governments in Argentina
|1862 – 1880
|1862 – 1880
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Second Mexican Empire
|Second Mexican Empire
|1863 – 1867
|1863 – 1867
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|United States of Colombia
|United States of Colombia
|1863 – 1886
|1863 – 1886
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|French protectorate of Cambodia
|French protectorate of Cambodia
|1863 – 1945, 1945 – 1953
|1863 – 1945, 1945 – 1953
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Vilayet of the Danube
|Vilayet of the Danube
|1864 – 1878
|1864 – 1878
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|United States of America in 1865 – 1917
|United States of America in 1865 – 1917
|1865 – 1917
|1865 – 1917
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|North German Confederation
|North German Confederation
|1866 – 1871
|1866 – 1871
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Restored Republic of Mexico
|Restored Republic of Mexico
|1867 – 1876
|1867 – 1876
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Khedivate of Egypt
|Khedivate of Egypt
|1867 – 1914
|1867 – 1914
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Russian Turkestan
|Russian Turkestan
|1867 – 1917
|1867 – 1917
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
|Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
|1867 – 1918
|1867 – 1918
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Meiji period
|Meiji period
|1868 – 1912
|1868 – 1912
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|French Third Republic
|French Third Republic
|1870 – 1940
|1870 – 1940
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|allied occupation of Paraguay
|allied occupation of Paraguay
|1870 – 1876
|1870 – 1876
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Second Reich
|Second Reich
|1871 – 1918
|1871 – 1918
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Yemen vilayet
|Yemen vilayet
|1872 – 1918
|1872 – 1918
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Aden Protectorate
|Aden Protectorate
|1872 – 1963
|1872 – 1963
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|First Spanish Republic
|First Spanish Republic
|1873 – 1874
|1873 – 1874
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Bourbon Restoration
|Bourbon Restoration
|1874 – 1931
|1874 – 1931
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|International African Association
|International African Association
|1876 – 1879
|1876 – 1879
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Porfiriato
|Porfiriato
|1876 – 1911
|1876 – 1911
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Principality of Bulgaria
|Principality of Bulgaria
|1878 – 1908
|1878 – 1908
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|International Association of the Congo
|International Association of the Congo
|1879 – 1885
|1879 – 1885
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Conservative governments in Argentina
|Conservative governments in Argentina
|1880 – 1916
|1880 – 1916
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Romania
|Kingdom of Romania
|1881 – 1947
|1881 – 1947
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|French rule in Tunisia
|French rule in Tunisia
|1881 – 1956
|1881 – 1956
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Malagasy Protectorate
|Malagasy Protectorate
|1882 – 1897
|1882 – 1897
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Serbia
|Kingdom of Serbia
|1882 – 1918
|1882 – 1918
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|British rule in Egypt
|British rule in Egypt
|1882 – 1922
|1882 – 1922
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|British New Guinea / Territory of Papua
|British New Guinea / Territory of Papua
|1882 – 1922
|1882 – 1922
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|German New Guinea
|German New Guinea
|1884 – 1920
|1884 – 1920
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Congo Free State
|Congo Free State
|1885 – 1908
|1885 – 1908
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|German East Africa
|German East Africa
|1885 – 1918
|1885 – 1918
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Bechuanaland Protectorate
|Bechuanaland Protectorate
|1885 – 1966
|1885 – 1966
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of Colombia
|Republic of Colombia
|1886 –
|1886 –
|
|
* One Hundred Years of Solitude {1967}
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies
|Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies
|1887 – 1958
|1887 – 1958
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|French Indochina
|French Indochina
|1887 – 1946
|1887 – 1946
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|First Brazilian Republic
|First Brazilian Republic
|1889 – 1930
|1889 – 1930
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Parliamentary Era in Chile
|Parliamentary Era in Chile
|1891 – 1925
|1891 – 1925
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Protectorate of Uganda
|Protectorate of Uganda
|1895 – 1962
|1895 – 1962
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|East Africa Protectorate
|East Africa Protectorate
|1895 – 1920
|1895 – 1920
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Federated Malay States
|Federated Malay States
|1895 – 1942, 1945 – 1946
|1895 – 1942, 1945 – 1946
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Korean Empire
|Korean Empire
|1897 – 1910
|1897 – 1910
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Edwardian era
|Edwardian era
|1901 – 1914
|1901 – 1914
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Emirate of Riyadh
|Emirate of Riyadh
|1902 – 1913
|1902 – 1913
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Orange River Colony
|Orange River Colony
|1902 – 1910
|1902 – 1910
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Transvaal Colony
|Transvaal Colony
|1902 – 1910
|1902 – 1910
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Idrisid Emirate of Asir
|Idrisid Emirate of Asir
|1908 – 1930
|1908 – 1930
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Tsardom of Bulgaria
|Tsardom of Bulgaria
|1908 – 1946
|1908 – 1946
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Belgian Congo
|Belgian Congo
|1908 – 1960
|1908 – 1960
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Mexican Revolution
|Mexican Revolution
|1910 – 1920
|1910 – 1920
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Japanese rule in Korea
|Japanese rule in Korea
|1910 – 1945
|1910 – 1945
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Union of South Africa
|Union of South Africa
|1910 – 1961
|1910 – 1961
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Bogd Khanate of Mongolia
|Bogd Khanate of Mongolia
|1911 – 1915, 1921 – 1924
|1911 – 1915, 1921 – 1924
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Italian rule in Libya
|Italian rule in Libya
|1911 – 1943
|1911 – 1943
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Taishō period
|Taishō period
|1912 – 1926
|1912 – 1926
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Tibet
|Tibet
|1912 – 1951
|1912 – 1951
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|French protectorate in Morocco
|French protectorate in Morocco
|1912 – 1956
|1912 – 1956
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of China
|Republic of China
|1912 –
|1912 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Emirate of Nejd and Hasa
|Emirate of Nejd and Hasa
|1913 – 1921
|1913 – 1921
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|First World War
|First World War
|1914 – 1918
|1914 – 1918
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sultanate of Egypt
|Sultanate of Egypt
|1914 – 1922
|1914 – 1922
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Territory of New Guinea
|Territory of New Guinea
|1914 – 1975
|1914 – 1975
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sheikdom of Upper Asir
|Sheikdom of Upper Asir
|1916 – 1920
|1916 – 1920
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Hashemite Kingdom of Hejaz
|Hashemite Kingdom of Hejaz
|1916 – 1925
|1916 – 1925
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Radical governments in Argentina
|Radical governments in Argentina
|1916 – 1930
|1916 – 1930
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Tanganyika Territory
|Tanganyika Territory
|1916 – 1961
|1916 – 1961
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Territory of Ruanda-Urundi
|Territory of Ruanda-Urundi
|1916 – 1962
|1916 – 1962
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ukrainian People's Republic
|Ukrainian People's Republic
|1917 – 1918, 1918 – 1921
|1917 – 1918, 1918 – 1921
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Alash Autonomy
|Alash Autonomy
|1917 – 1920
|1917 – 1920
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Russian Civil War
|Russian Civil War
|1917 – 1922
|1917 – 1922
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|United States of America in 1917 – 1945
|United States of America in 1917 – 1945
|1917 – 1945
|1917 – 1945
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ukrainian State
|Ukrainian State
|1918 – 1919
|1918 – 1919
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Belarusian Democratic Republic
|Belarusian Democratic Republic
|1918 – 1919
|1918 – 1919
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of German-Austria
|Republic of German-Austria
|1918 – 1919
|1918 – 1919
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|West Ukrainian People's Republic
|West Ukrainian People's Republic
|1918 – 1919
|1918 – 1919
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Weimar Republic
|Weimar Republic
|1918 – 1933
|1918 – 1933
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|First Czechoslovak Republic
|First Czechoslovak Republic
|1918 – 1938
|1918 – 1938
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Second Polish Republic
|Second Polish Republic
|1918 – 1939
|1918 – 1939
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes / Kingdom of Yugoslavia
|Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes / Kingdom of Yugoslavia
|1918 – 1941
|1918 – 1941
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Yemen
|Kingdom of Yemen
|1918 – 1970
|1918 – 1970
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Arab Kingdom of Syria
|Arab Kingdom of Syria
|1919 – 1920
|1919 – 1920
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Chinese rule in Mongolia
|Chinese rule in Mongolia
|1919 – 1921
|1919 – 1921
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|First Austrian Republic
|First Austrian Republic
|1919 – 1934
|1919 – 1934
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Interwar Britain
|Interwar Britain
|1919 – 1939
|1919 – 1939
|
|
* The Hobbit {1937}
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Interwar United States of America
|Interwar United States of America
|1919 – 1939
|1919 – 1939
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
|Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
|1919 – 1991
|1919 – 1991
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic
|Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic
|1920 – 1925
|1920 – 1925
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic
|Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic
|1920 – 1925
|1920 – 1925
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Mandatory Palestine
|Mandatory Palestine
|1920 – 1948
|1920 – 1948
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
|Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
|1920 – 1991
|1920 – 1991
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|post-revolutionary Mexico
|post-revolutionary Mexico
|1920 – 2000
|1920 – 2000
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sultanate of Nejd
|Sultanate of Nejd
|1921 – 1926
|1921 – 1926
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Iraq under British Administration
|Kingdom of Iraq under British Administration
|1921 – 1932
|1921 – 1932
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Syrian Federation
|Syrian Federation
|1922 – 1925
|1922 – 1925
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Egypt
|Kingdom of Egypt
|1922 – 1953
|1922 – 1953
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
|Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
|1922 – 1991
|1922 – 1991
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Second Hellenic Republic
|Second Hellenic Republic
|1924 – 1935
|1924 – 1935
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
|Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
|1924 – 1940
|1924 – 1940
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Mongolian People's Republic
|Mongolian People's Republic
|1924 – 1992
|1924 – 1992
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|State of Syria
|State of Syria
|1925 – 1930
|1925 – 1930
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Presidential Republic in Chile
|Presidential Republic in Chile
|1925 – 1973
|1925 – 1973
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Pahlavi Iran
|Pahlavi Iran
|1925 – 1979
|1925 – 1979
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd
|Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd
|1926 – 1932
|1926 – 1932
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Shōwa period
|Shōwa period
|1926 – 1989
|1926 – 1989
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Great Depression era
|Great Depression era
|1929 – 1939
|1929 – 1939
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Mandatory Syrian Republic
|Mandatory Syrian Republic
|1930 – 1946
|1930 – 1946
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Second Brazilian Republic
|Second Brazilian Republic
|1930 – 1937
|1930 – 1937
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Infamous Decade
|Infamous Decade
|1916 – 1943
|1916 – 1943
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Second Spanish Republic
|Second Spanish Republic
|1931 – 1939
|1931 – 1939
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq
|Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq
|1932 – 1958
|1932 – 1958
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
|Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
|1932 –
|1932 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Nazi Germany
|Nazi Germany
|1933 – 1945
|1933 – 1945
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Federal State of Austria
|Federal State of Austria
|1934 – 1938
|1934 – 1938
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|dictatorship of Rafael Franco  
|dictatorship of Rafael Franco  
|1936 – 1939
|1936 – 1939
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Francoist Spain
|Francoist Spain
|1936 – 1975
|1936 – 1975
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic
|Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic
|1936 – 1991
|1936 – 1991
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Third Brazilian Republic
|Third Brazilian Republic
|1937 – 1946
|1937 – 1946
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|dictatorship of Estigarribia
|dictatorship of Estigarribia
|1936 – 1940
|1936 – 1940
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Britain in the Second World War
|Britain in the Second World War
|1939 – 1945
|1939 – 1945
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|United States of America in the Second World War
|United States of America in the Second World War
|1939 – 1945
|1939 – 1945
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Free France
|Free France
|1940 – 1944
|1940 – 1944
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Vichy France
|Vichy France
|1940 – 1944
|1940 – 1944
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|dictatorship of Morínigo
|dictatorship of Morínigo
|1940 – 1948
|1940 – 1948
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
|Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
|1940 – 1991
|1940 – 1991
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia
|Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia
|1941 – 1944
|1941 – 1944
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Japanese-occupied New Guinea
|Japanese-occupied New Guinea
|1941 – 1945
|1941 – 1945
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Japanese rule in Dutch East Indies
|Japanese rule in Dutch East Indies
|1942 – 1949
|1942 – 1949
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
Line 6,640: Line 3,757:
|
|
* 1943 Argentine coup d'état [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1943_Argentine_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat Wikipedia]
* 1943 Argentine coup d'état [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1943_Argentine_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat Wikipedia]
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Allied administration of Libya
|Allied administration of Libya
|1943 – 1951
|1943 – 1951
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Provisional Republic of France
|Provisional Republic of France
|1944 – 1946
|1944 – 1946
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|People's Republic of Serbia / Socialist Republic of Serbia / Republic of Serbia
|People's Republic of Serbia / Socialist Republic of Serbia / Republic of Serbia
|1944 – 1992
|1944 – 1992
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Provisional Government of National Unity
|Provisional Government of National Unity
|1945 – 1947
|1945 – 1947
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Soviet Civil Administration in Korea
|Soviet Civil Administration in Korea
|1945 – 1948
|1945 – 1948
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|United States Army Military Government in Korea
|United States Army Military Government in Korea
|1945 – 1948
|1945 – 1948
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Allied-occupied Germany
|Allied-occupied Germany
|1945 – 1949
|1945 – 1949
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Democratic Republic of Vietnam
|Democratic Republic of Vietnam
|1945 – 1976
|1945 – 1976
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|post-war Britain
|post-war Britain
|1945 – 1979
|1945 – 1979
|
|
* The Lord of the Rings {1954 – 1955}
|
|
|
|-
|-
|post-war United States of America
|post-war United States of America
|1945 – 1991
|1945 – 1991
|
|
* Silent Spring {1962}
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Netherlands Antilles
|Netherlands Antilles
|1945 – 2010
|1945 – 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Second Republic of Austria
|Second Republic of Austria
|1945 –
|1945 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Malayan Union
|Malayan Union
|1946 – 1948
|1946 – 1948
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Independent First Syrian Republic
|Independent First Syrian Republic
|1946 – 1950
|1946 – 1950
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Perón government in Argentina
|Perón government in Argentina
|1946 – 1955
|1946 – 1955
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|French Fourth Republic
|French Fourth Republic
|1946 – 1958
|1946 – 1958
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Fourth Brazilian Republic
|Fourth Brazilian Republic
|1946 – 1964
|1946 – 1964
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|People's Republic of Bulgaria
|People's Republic of Bulgaria
|1946 – 1990
|1946 – 1990
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Italian Republic
|Italian Republic
|1946 –
|1946 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Union of India
|Union of India
|1947 – 1950
|1947 – 1950
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Romanian People's Republic / Socialist Republic of Romania
|Romanian People's Republic / Socialist Republic of Romania
|1947 – 1989
|1947 – 1989
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Laos
|Kingdom of Laos
|1947 – 1975
|1947 – 1975
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of Poland / Polish People's Republic
|Republic of Poland / Polish People's Republic
|1947 – 1989
|1947 – 1989
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Provisional Central Government of Vietnam
|Provisional Central Government of Vietnam
|1948 – 1949
|1948 – 1949
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Chaves goverment in Paraguay
|Chaves goverment in Paraguay
|1948 – 1954
|1948 – 1954
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Federation of Malaya
|Federation of Malaya
|1948 – 1963
|1948 – 1963
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Czechoslovak Republic / Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
|Czechoslovak Republic / Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
|1948 – 1990
|1948 – 1990
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|contemporary Myanmar
|contemporary Myanmar
|1948 –
|1948 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Democratic People's Republic of Korea
|Democratic People's Republic of Korea
|1948 –
|1948 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of Korea
|Republic of Korea
|1948 –
|1948 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|State of Israel
|State of Israel
|1948 –
|1948 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|German Democratic Republic
|German Democratic Republic
|1949 – 1990
|1949 – 1990
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|United States of Indonesia
|United States of Indonesia
|1949 – 1950
|1949 – 1950
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|State of Vietnam
|State of Vietnam
|1949 – 1955
|1949 – 1955
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Federal Republic of Germany
|Federal Republic of Germany
|1949 –
|1949 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|People's Republic of China
|People's Republic of China
|1949 –
|1949 –
|
|
* Quotations from Chairman Mao {1966} [https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/works/red-book Marxists Internet Archive] [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quotations_from_Chairman_Mao Wikimedia]
* Three-Body Problem {2008}
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Liberal Democracy period in Indonesia
|Liberal Democracy period in Indonesia
|1950 – 1959
|1950 – 1959
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Second Syrian Republic
|Second Syrian Republic
|1950 – 1963
|1950 – 1963
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of India
|Republic of India
|1950 –
|1950 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|United Kingdom of Libya / Kingdom of Libya
|United Kingdom of Libya / Kingdom of Libya
|1951 – 1969
|1951 – 1969
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|First Kingdom of Cambodia
|First Kingdom of Cambodia
|1953 – 1970
|1953 – 1970
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Lao People's Democratic Republic
|Lao People's Democratic Republic
|1953 –
|1953 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of Egypt
|Republic of Egypt
|1953 –
|1953 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|dictatorship of Alfredo Stroessner
|dictatorship of Alfredo Stroessner
|1954 – 1989
|1954 – 1989
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
Line 6,960: Line 3,938:
|
|
* Revolución Libertadora [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3n_Libertadora Wikipedia]
* Revolución Libertadora [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3n_Libertadora Wikipedia]
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of Vietnam
|Republic of Vietnam
|1955 – 1975
|1955 – 1975
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Tunisia
|Kingdom of Tunisia
|1956 – 1957
|1956 – 1957
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|First Republic of Tunisia
|First Republic of Tunisia
|1956 – 2014
|1956 – 2014
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Morocco
|Kingdom of Morocco
|1956 –
|1956 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Argentina in 1958 – 1966
|Argentina in 1958 – 1966
|1958 – 1966
|1958 – 1966
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|First Iraqi Republic
|First Iraqi Republic
|1958 – 1968
|1958 – 1968
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|First Republic of Madagascar
|First Republic of Madagascar
|1958 – 1975
|1958 – 1975
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|French Fifth Republic
|French Fifth Republic
|1958 –
|1958 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Federation of the Emirates of the South
|Federation of the Emirates of the South
|1959 – 1962
|1959 – 1962
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Guided Democracy period in Indonesia
|Guided Democracy period in Indonesia
|1959 – 1966
|1959 – 1966
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of the Congo / Democratic Republic of the Congo
|Republic of the Congo / Democratic Republic of the Congo
|1960 – 1971
|1960 – 1971
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Islamic Republic of Mauritania
|Islamic Republic of Mauritania
|1960 –
|1960 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Tanganyika
|Tanganyika
|1961 – 1964
|1961 – 1964
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of South Africa
|Republic of South Africa
|1961 –
|1961 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Uganda in 1962 – 1963
|Uganda in 1962 – 1963
|1962 – 1963
|1962 – 1963
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Federation of South Arabia
|Federation of South Arabia
|1962 – 1967
|1962 – 1967
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Yemen Arab Republic
|Yemen Arab Republic
|1962 – 1990
|1962 – 1990
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
|People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
|1962 –
|1962 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of Burundi
|Republic of Burundi
|1962 –
|1962 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of Rwanda
|Republic of Rwanda
|1962 –
|1962 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|First Nigerian Republic
|First Nigerian Republic
|1963 – 1966
|1963 – 1966
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|First Republic of Uganda
|First Republic of Uganda
|1963 – 1971
|1963 – 1971
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ba'athist Syria
|Ba'athist Syria
|1963 –
|1963 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Malaysia
|Malaysia
|1963 –
|1963 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|People's Republic of Zanzibar
|People's Republic of Zanzibar
|1964
|1964
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Fifth Brazilian Republic
|Fifth Brazilian Republic
|1964 – 1985
|1964 – 1985
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of Kenya
|Republic of Kenya
|1964 –
|1964 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|United Republic of Tanzania
|United Republic of Tanzania
|1964 –
|1964 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of Singapore
|Republic of Singapore
|1965 –
|1965 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
Line 7,171: Line 4,059:
|
|
* Argentine Revolution [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_Revolution Wikipedia]
* Argentine Revolution [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_Revolution Wikipedia]
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Nigeria in 1966 – 1979
|Nigeria in 1966 – 1979
|1966 – 1979
|1966 – 1979
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|New Order in Indonesia
|New Order in Indonesia
|1966 – 1998
|1966 – 1998
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of Botswana
|Republic of Botswana
|1966 –
|1966 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|People's Republic of South Yemen / People's Democratic Republic of Yemen
|People's Republic of South Yemen / People's Democratic Republic of Yemen
|1967 – 1990
|1967 – 1990
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Ba'athist Iraq
|Ba'athist Iraq
|1968 – 2003
|1968 – 2003
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Muammar Gaddafi government in Libya
|Muammar Gaddafi government in Libya
|1968 – 2003
|1968 – 2003
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Khmer Republic
|Khmer Republic
|1970 – 1975
|1970 – 1975
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sultanate of Oman
|Sultanate of Oman
|1970 –
|1970 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Second Republic of Uganda
|Second Republic of Uganda
|1971 – 1979
|1971 – 1979
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of Zaire
|Republic of Zaire
|1971 – 1997
|1971 – 1997
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Greek junta
|Greek junta
|1973 – 1974
|1973 – 1974
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|military dictatorship in Chile
|military dictatorship in Chile
|1973 – 1990
|1973 – 1990
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia
|Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia
|1974 – 1987
|1974 – 1987
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Third Hellenic Republic
|Third Hellenic Republic
|1974 –
|1974 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kampuchea / Democratic Kampuchea
|Kampuchea / Democratic Kampuchea
|1975 – 1982
|1975 – 1982
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Transition to democracy of Spain
|Transition to democracy of Spain
|1975 – 1982
|1975 – 1982
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Second Republic of Madagascar
|Second Republic of Madagascar
|1975 – 1992
|1975 – 1992
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|National Reorganization Process
|National Reorganization Process
|1976 – 1983
|1976 – 1983
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Socialist Republic of Vietnam
|Socialist Republic of Vietnam
|1976 –
|1976 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Second Nigerian Republic
|Second Nigerian Republic
|1979 – 1983
|1979 – 1983
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Third Republic of Uganda
|Third Republic of Uganda
|1979 – 1986
|1979 – 1986
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|People's Republic of Kampuchea
|People's Republic of Kampuchea
|1979 – 1989
|1979 – 1989
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Islamic Republic of Iran
|Islamic Republic of Iran
|1979 –
|1979 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|contemporary Britain
|contemporary Britain
|1979 –
|1979 –
|
|
* Harry Potter {1997 – 2007}
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Kingdom of Spain
|Kingdom of Spain
|1982 –
|1982 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|dictatorship of Buhari
|dictatorship of Buhari
|1983 – 1985
|1983 – 1985
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|contemporary Argentina
|contemporary Argentina
|1983 –
|1983 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|dictatorship of Babangida
|dictatorship of Babangida
|1985 – 1992
|1985 – 1992
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Sixth Brazilian Republic
|Sixth Brazilian Republic
|1985 –
|1985 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|contemporary Uganda
|contemporary Uganda
|1986 –
|1986 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
|People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
|1987 – 1991
|1987 – 1991
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|State of Cambodia
|State of Cambodia
|1989 – 1992
|1989 – 1992
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Heisei period
|Heisei period
|1989 – 2019
|1989 – 2019
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|contemporary Paraguay
|contemporary Paraguay
|1989 –
|1989 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|contemporary Romania
|contemporary Romania
|1989 –
|1989 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Third Polish Republic
|Third Polish Republic
|1989 –
|1989 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
|Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
|1990 – 1991
|1990 – 1991
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|contemporary Chile
|contemporary Chile
|1990 –
|1990 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of Bulgaria
|Republic of Bulgaria
|1990 –
|1990 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of Yemen
|Republic of Yemen
|1990 –
|1990 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Czech and Slovak Federative Republic
|Czech and Slovak Federative Republic
|1990 – 1992
|1990 – 1992
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Transitional Government of Ethiopia
|Transitional Government of Ethiopia
|1991 – 1995
|1991 – 1995
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of Belarus
|Republic of Belarus
|1991 –
|1991 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of Moldova
|Republic of Moldova
|1991 –
|1991 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic
|Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic
|1991 –
|1991 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|contemporary Ukraine
|contemporary Ukraine
|1991 –
|1991 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|contemporary United States of America
|contemporary United States of America
|1991 –
|1991 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of Kazakhstan
|Republic of Kazakhstan
|1991 –
|1991 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Russian Federation
|Russian Federation
|1991 –
|1991 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Third Nigerian Republic
|Third Nigerian Republic
|1992 – 1993
|1992 – 1993
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of Serbia in 1992 – 2006
|Republic of Serbia in 1992 – 2006
|1992 – 2006
|1992 – 2006
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Third Republic of Madagascar
|Third Republic of Madagascar
|1992 – 2010
|1992 – 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|contemporary Mongolia
|contemporary Mongolia
|1992 –
|1992 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Czech Republic
|Czech Republic
|1992 –
|1992 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Second Kingdom of Cambodia
|Second Kingdom of Cambodia
|1992 –
|1992 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Slovak Republic
|Slovak Republic
|1992 –
|1992 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|dictatorship of Abacha
|dictatorship of Abacha
|1993 – 1998
|1993 – 1998
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
|Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
|1995 –
|1995 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|contemporary Democratic Republic of the Congo
|contemporary Democratic Republic of the Congo
|1997 –
|1997 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Reform era in Indonesia
|Reform era in Indonesia
|1998 –
|1998 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Fourth Nigerian Republic
|Fourth Nigerian Republic
|1999 –
|1999 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|contemporary Mexico
|contemporary Mexico
|2000 –
|2000 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|USA-occupied Iraq
|USA-occupied Iraq
|2003 – 2011
|2003 – 2011
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Republic of Serbia
|Republic of Serbia
|2006 –
|2006 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Fourth Republic of Madagascar
|Fourth Republic of Madagascar
|2010 –
|2010 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Iraq after USA withdraw
|Iraq after USA withdraw
|2011 –
|2011 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|post-Gaddafi Libya
|post-Gaddafi Libya
|2011 –
|2011 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Second Republic of Tunisia
|Second Republic of Tunisia
|2014 –
|2014 –
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Reiwa period
|Reiwa period
|2019 –
|2019 –
|
|
|
|
|
|}
|}
GrimPixel
Bureaucrats, Administrators, translator
42,576

edits

Retrieved from "https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/322832"

Navigation menu