Language/Odia/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation

The odia alphasyllabary is a writing system generally used to write odia (formerly called oriya).

It is also called Utkala Lipi or Utkalakshara. it can also be used to transcribe other Indian languages, such as Sanskrit, especially in Odisha.

It originates from at least the 11^th century. Like many scriptures in India, it derives from Brahmi through the Kalinga script.

The curved appearance of Oriya script is the result of it being written on palm leaves which tend to tear when many straight strokes are drawn.

As you finish your studies in this area, consider these associated subjects for further exploration: Animals, Fruits.

Vowels

Letter	Diacritic	IPA	ISO note
ଅ	◌	ɔ	a
ଆ	ା	aː	ā
ଇ	ି	i	i
ଈ	ୀ	iː	ī
ଉ	ୁ	u	u
ଊ	ୂ	uː	ū
ଋ	ୃ	ru	rū
ୠ	ୄ	ruː	rūū
ଌ	ୢ	lu	l̥ū
ୡ	ୣ	luː	l̥ūū
ଏ	େ	eː	e
ଐ	ୈ	ɔi̭	ai
ଓ	ୋ	ɔ	o
ଔ	ୌ	ɔṷ	ō
	ଁ	ɔ̃	ã
	ଂ	ɔŋ	aṁ
	ଃ	ɔh	aḥ
	୍		(omit vowel)

	ହ୍ରସ୍ୱ Hraswa (Short vowel)					ଦୀର୍ଘ Dirgha (Long vowel)
	ସ୍ୱର Vowel, Phoneme		କାର(ମାତ୍ରା) Diacritic, with କ୍(k)			ସ୍ୱର Vowel, Phoneme		କାର(ମାତ୍ରା) Diacritic, with କ୍(k)
କଣ୍ଠ୍ୟ (Guttural)	ଅ	a(ɔ)	-	କ		ଆ	ā(a)	ା	କା
ତାଲବ୍ୟ (Palatal)	ଇ	i(i)	ି	କି		ଈ	ī(i)	ୀ	କୀ
ଓଷ୍ଠ୍ୟ (Labial)	ଉ	u(u)	ୁ	କୁ		ଊ	ū(u)	ୂ	କୂ
ମୂର୍ଦ୍ଧନ୍ୟ (Retroflex)	ଋ	r̥(ru)	ୃ	କୃ		ୠ	r̥̄(ru)	ୄ	କୄ
ଦନ୍ତ୍ୟ (Retroflex)	ଌ	l̥(lu)	ୢ	କୢ		ୡ	l̥̄(lu)	ୣ	କୣ
Other Vowels
କଣ୍ଠ୍ୟତାଲବ୍ୟ (Palatoguttural)	ଏ	e(e)	େ	କେ		ଐ	ai(ɔi)	ୈ	କୈ
କଣ୍ଠୌଷ୍ଠ୍ୟ (Labioguttural)	ଓ	o(o)	ୋ	କୋ		ଔ	au(ɔu)	ୌ	କୌ

Consonants

Letter	IPA	ISO note
କ	kɔ	ka
ଖ	kʰɔ	kha
ଗ	gɔ	ga
ଘ	gʱɔ	gha
ଙ	ŋɔ	ṅa
ଚ	t͡ʃɔ	ca
ଛ	t͡ʃʰɔ	cha
ଜ	d͡ʒɔ	ja
ଝ	d͡ʒʱɔ	jha
ଞ	ɲɔ	ña
ଟ	ʈɔ	ṭa
ଠ	ʈʰɔ	ṭha
ଡ	ɖɔ	ḍa
ଢ	ɖʱɔ	ḍha
ଣ	ɳɔ	na
ତ	tɔ	ta
ଥ	tʰɔ	tha
ଦ	dɔ	da
ଧ	dʱɔ	dha
ନ	nɔ	na
ପ	pɔ	pa
ଫ	pʰɔ	pha
ବ	bɔ	ba
ଭ	bʱɔ	bha
ମ	mɔ	ma
ଯ	d͡ʒɔ	ja
ୟ	jɔ	ia
ର	rɔ	ra
ଲ	lɔ	la
ଳ	ɭɔ	ḷa
ଶ	sɔ	sa
ଷ	sɔ	sa
ସ	sɔ	sa
ହ	hɔ	ha

Structured consonants

The structured consonants are classified according to where the tongue touches the palate of the mouth and are classified accordingly into 5 structured groups. These consonants are shown in the table below:

Phonetics →	Plosive ସ୍ପର୍ଶ sparśa								Nasal ଅନୁନାସିକ anunāsika
Voicing →	Voiceless ଅଘୋଷ aghoṣa				Voiced ଘୋଷ ghoṣa
Aspiration →	Unaspirated ଅଳ୍ପପ୍ରାଣ aḻpaprāṇa		Aspirated ମହାପ୍ରାଣ mahāprāṇa		Unaspirated ଅଳ୍ପପ୍ରାଣ aḻpaprāṇa		Aspirated ମହାପ୍ରାଣ mahāprāṇa		Unaspirated ଅଳ୍ପପ୍ରାଣ aḻpaprāṇa
କଣ୍ଠ୍ୟ Velar	କ	ka (kɔ)	ଖ	kha (kʰɔ)	ଗ	ga (ɡɔ)	ଘ	gha (ɡʱɔ)	ଙ	ṅa (ŋɔ)
ତାଲବ୍ୟ Palatal	ଚ	ca (tʃɔ)	ଛ	cha (tʃʰɔ)	ଜ	ja (dʒɔ)	ଝ	jha (dʒʱɔ)	ଞ	ña (ɲɔ)
ମୂର୍ଦ୍ଧନ୍ୟ Retroflex	ଟ	ṭa (ʈɔ)	ଠ	ṭha (ʈʰɔ)	ଡ	ḍa (ɖɔ)	ଢ	ḍha (ɖʱɔ)	ଣ	ṇa (ɳɔ)
ଦନ୍ତ୍ୟ Dental	ତ	ta (tɔ)	ଥ	tha (tʰɔ)	ଦ	da (dɔ)	ଧ	dha (dʱɔ)	ନ	na (nɔ)
ଓଷ୍ଠ୍ୟ Labial	ପ	pa (pɔ)	ଫ	pha (pʰɔ)	ବ	ba (bɔ)	ଭ	bha (bʱɔ)	ମ	ma (mɔ)

Unstructured consonants

The unstructured consonants are consonants that do not fall into any of the above structures:

Characteristics	Consonants	Phonetics
Voiced unaspirated Palatal used as Voiced postalveolar affricate Approximant (ଅନ୍ତଃସ୍ଥ antaḥstha)	ଯ	ẏa (dʒɔ)	antaḥstha ja
Voiced unaspirated Palatal Approximant (ଅନ୍ତଃସ୍ଥ antaḥstha)	ୟ	ya (jɔ)	ya
Voiced unaspirated Retroflex Approximant (ଅନ୍ତଃସ୍ଥ antaḥstha)	ର	ra (ɾɔ)	ra
Voiced retroflex lateral approximant	ଳ	ḷa (ɭɔ)	ḷa
Voiced unaspirated Dental Approximant (ଅନ୍ତଃସ୍ଥ antaḥstha)	ଲ	la (lɔ)	la
Voiced unaspirated Labial Approximant (ଅନ୍ତଃସ୍ଥ antaḥstha)	ୱ	wa (wɔ)	wa (also ଅବର୍ଗ୍ୟ ବ abargya ba)
Voiced unaspirated Palatal Sibilant Fricative (ଊଷ୍ମ ūṣma)	ଶ	śa (sɔ)	talabya sa (ତାଲବ୍ୟ)
Voiced unaspirated Retroflex Sibilant Fricative (ଊଷ୍ମ ūṣma)	ଷ	ṣa (sɔ)	murddhanya sa (ମୂର୍ଦ୍ଧନ୍ୟ)
Voiced unaspirated Dental Sibilant Fricative (ଊଷ୍ମ ūṣma)	ସ	sa (sɔ)	dantya sa (ଦନ୍ତ୍ୟ)
Voiced aspirated Guttural Fricative (ଊଷ୍ମ ūṣma)	ହ	ha (ɦɔ)	ha
Voiced retroflex flap	ଡ଼	ṛa (ɽɔ)	ḍa
Voiced retroflex flap	ଢ଼	ṛha (ɽʰɔ)	ḍha
Conjunct of କ & ଷ	କ୍ଷ	kṣa	kha/khya