Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Pronouns-and-verbs
In the previous lesson, we learned about nouns and gender in Modern Greek. We discovered how to identify and use nouns, as well as understand the concept of gender. Building on that foundation, we will now delve into the world of pronouns and verbs. Pronouns are an essential part of any language, as they replace nouns and make our sentences more concise and fluid. Verbs, on the other hand, are the action words that give life to our sentences and allow us to express actions, states, and occurrences. By mastering pronouns and verbs, we will be able to communicate more effectively in Modern Greek.
Pronouns[edit | edit source]
Pronouns are words that replace nouns in a sentence. They can refer to people, things, places, or ideas. In Modern Greek, pronouns play a crucial role in communication, as they allow us to avoid repetition and make our speech more concise. Let's explore the different types of pronouns in Modern Greek:
Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]
Personal pronouns in Modern Greek are used to refer to specific people or things. They can be classified into three categories: first person, second person, and third person. Here are the personal pronouns in Modern Greek:
- First person singular: εγώ (ego) - I
- Second person singular: εσύ (esi) - you (informal)
- Third person singular: αυτός (aftos) - he, αυτή (afti) - she, αυτό (afto) - it
- First person plural: εμείς (emeis) - we
- Second person plural: εσείς (eseis) - you (formal)
- Third person plural: αυτοί (aftoi) - they (masculine), αυτές (aftes) - they (feminine), αυτά (afta) - they (neuter)
Possessive Pronouns[edit | edit source]
Possessive pronouns in Modern Greek indicate possession or ownership. They are used to replace possessive adjectives and show who something belongs to. Here are the possessive pronouns in Modern Greek:
- ο δικός μου (o dikos mou) - mine
- η δική μου (i diki mou) - mine (feminine)
- το δικό μου (to diko mou) - mine (neuter)
- ο δικός σου (o dikos sou) - yours (informal)
- η δική σου (i diki sou) - yours (informal feminine)
- το δικό σου (to diko sou) - yours (informal neuter)
- ο δικός του (o dikos tou) - his
- η δική του (i diki tou) - hers
- το δικό του (to diko tou) - its
- ο δικός μας (o dikos mas) - ours
- η δική μας (i diki mas) - ours (feminine)
- το δικό μας (to diko mas) - ours (neuter)
- ο δικός σας (o dikos sas) - yours (formal)
- η δική σας (i diki sas) - yours (formal feminine)
- το δικό σας (to diko sas) - yours (formal neuter)
- ο δικός τους (o dikos tous) - theirs (masculine)
- η δική τους (i diki tous) - theirs (feminine)
- το δικό τους (to diko tous) - theirs (neuter)
Demonstrative Pronouns[edit | edit source]
Demonstrative pronouns in Modern Greek are used to point to specific people or things. They indicate proximity or distance from the speaker. Here are the demonstrative pronouns in Modern Greek:
- αυτός (aftos) - this (masculine)
- αυτή (afti) - this (feminine)
- αυτό (afto) - this (neuter)
- αυτοί (aftoi) - these (masculine)
- αυτές (aftes) - these (feminine)
- αυτά (afta) - these (neuter)
- εκείνος (ekinos) - that (masculine)
- εκείνη (ekini) - that (feminine)
- εκείνο (ekino) - that (neuter)
- εκείνοι (ekinoi) - those (masculine)
- εκείνες (ekines) - those (feminine)
- εκείνα (ekina) - those (neuter)
Verbs[edit | edit source]
Verbs are the backbone of any sentence. They express actions, states, or occurrences. In Modern Greek, verbs are conjugated to match the subject of the sentence in terms of person, number, and tense. Let's explore the basics of verb conjugation in Modern Greek:
Present Tense[edit | edit source]
The present tense in Modern Greek is used to talk about actions that are happening now or are generally true. To conjugate regular verbs in the present tense, we need to know the stem of the verb and add the appropriate endings based on the subject. Here is an example of the conjugation of the verb "λέω" (leo) - to say in the present tense:
- Εγώ λέω (Ego leo) - I say
- Εσύ λες (Esi les) - You say (informal)
- Αυτός/Αυτή/Αυτό λέει (Aftos/Afti/Afto lei) - He/She/It says
- Εμείς λέμε (Emeis leme) - We say
- Εσείς λέτε (Eseis lete) - You say (formal)
- Αυτοί/Αυτές/Αυτά λένε (Aftoi/Aftes/Afta lene) - They say
Past Tense[edit | edit source]
The past tense in Modern Greek is used to talk about actions that happened in the past. To conjugate regular verbs in the past tense, we need to know the stem of the verb and add the appropriate endings based on the subject. Here is an example of the conjugation of the verb "έπαιξα" (epaiksa) - I played in the past tense:
- Εγώ έπαιξα (Ego epaiksa) - I played
- Εσύ έπαιξες (Esi epaixes) - You played (informal)
- Αυτός/Αυτή/Αυτό έπαιξε (Aftos/Afti/Afto epaixe) - He/She/It played
- Εμείς παίξαμε (Emeis paiksame) - We played
- Εσείς παίξατε (Eseis paiksate) - You played (formal)
- Αυτοί/Αυτές/Αυτά έπαιξαν (Aftoi/Aftes/Afta epaixan) - They played
Future Tense[edit | edit source]
The future tense in Modern Greek is used to talk about actions that will happen in the future. To conjugate regular verbs in the future tense, we need to know the stem of the verb and add the appropriate endings based on the subject. Here is an example of the conjugation of the verb "θα πάω" (tha pao) - I will go in the future tense:
- Εγώ θα πάω (Ego tha pao) - I will go
- Εσύ θα πας (Esi tha pas) - You will go (informal)
- Αυτός/Αυτή/Αυτό θα πάει (Aftos/Afti/Afto tha paei) - He/She/It will go
- Εμείς θα πάμε (Emeis tha pame) - We will go
- Εσείς θα πάτε (Eseis tha pate) - You will go (formal)
- Αυτοί/Αυτές/Αυτά θα πάνε (Aftoi/Aftes/Afta tha pane) - They will go
Conclusion[edit | edit source]
In this lesson, we explored the world of pronouns and verbs in Modern Greek. We learned about personal, possessive, and demonstrative pronouns, as well as their usage in sentences. We also delved into the conjugation of verbs in the present, past, and future tenses. By mastering pronouns and verbs, we are now equipped with the tools to communicate more effectively in Modern Greek. In the next lesson, we will delve into question words and basic sentence structure, which will further enhance our ability to form meaningful sentences and engage in conversations.
Sources[edit | edit source]
- Modern-greek-1453 Grammar - Personal pronouns
- Modern-greek-1453 Grammar - Greek voices verbs Φωνή και ...
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- The combinations «αυ» and «ευ»
- Active and passive verbs
- Prepositions
- Subject Verb Agreement
- Participle spelling
- Syllabification
- Common Mistakes in Learning Greek
- Verbs Conjugation Groups
- Pronunciation rules
- Adjectives and adverbs