Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Participle-spelling

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The Spelling of the Participle in Modern Greek
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Introduction: The Greek language is known for its complex grammar and extensive conjugation patterns. In this lesson, we will focus on the spelling of the participle in modern Greek, which is an essential part of the language's verb system. We will explore the different types of participles, their formation, and their uses in context.

Once you've made sense of this lesson, you may be interested in exploring these associated areas: Verb To Be, The predicate, Particularities of: Πώς, πως, πού, που, ή, η & Verbes elliptiques, impersonnels et irréguliers.

Types of Participles: The modern Greek language has three types of participles:[edit | edit source]

  1. The present participle of the active voice: This participle is formed by adding the ending "-οντας" (-ontas) to the stem of the verb in the present tense. For example, the verb "λέγω-λέω" (leo) means "I say". The present participle of this verb is "λέγοντας" (legontas), which means "saying".
  2. The present participle of the passive voice: This participle is formed by adding the ending "-όμενος" (-omenos) to the stem of the verb in the present tense. For example, the verb "γράφω" (graffo) means "I write". The present participle of this verb is "γραφόμενος, -η, -ο" (grafomenos), participle present of the passive voice, which means "being written".
  3. The perfect present participle of the passive voice: This participle is formed by adding the ending "-μένος" (-menos) to the stem of the verb in the perfect tense. For example, the verb "ακούω" (akouo) means "I hear". The perfect present participle in passive voice of this verb is "ακουσμένος,-η,-ο" (akousmenos), which means "having been heard"

Formation and Spelling of Participles:[edit | edit source]

The formation of participles depends on the tense and voice of the verb. The present participle of the active voice is formed by adding the ending "-οντας" (-ontas) to the stem of the verb in the present tense. The present participle of the passive voice is formed by adding the ending "-όμενος" (-omenos) to the stem of the verb in the present tense. The perfect present participle of the passive voice is formed by adding the ending "-μένος" (-menos) to the stem of the verb in the perfect tense.

In terms of spelling, it's important to note that some verbs have irregular spelling in their participles. For example, the verb "παίρνω" (perno) means "I take". The present participle of this verb is "παίρνοντας" (pernontas), which has an irregular spelling. Another example is the verb "φέρνω" (ferno) means "I bring". The present participle of this verb is "φέροντας" (ferontas), which also has an irregular spelling.

Uses of Participles: The participle (μετοχή) is a verbal adjective, in part a verb, in part an adjective, and has both voice and tense. As an adjective, it is declined and agrees with a noun or pronoun, attributively, with or without the article, as a predicate, belonging to either subject or object.

In terms of its use in context, the participle is often used to create complex sentences and provide additional information about the action or state described by the main verb. For example, "Ο γιατρός διαβάζοντας το φάκελο, έδωσε τη συνταγή." (O giatros diavazontas to fakelo, edose ti syntagi), which means "The doctor, while reading the folder, gave the prescription". In this sentence, "διαβάζοντας" (diavazontas) is the present participle of the verb "διαβάζω" (diavazo), which means "I read". The participle "διαβάζοντας" (diavazontas) provides additional information about the action of the doctor, who was reading the folder while giving the prescription.

Participles can also be used in combination with auxiliary verbs to form compound tenses, such as the present perfect tense, the past perfect tense, and the future perfect tense. For example, "Έχω διαβάσει το βιβλίο" (Eho diavasei to vivlio), which means "I have read the book". In this sentence, "διαβάσει" (diavasei) is the perfect present participle of the verb "διαβάζω" (diavazo), used in combination with the auxiliary verb "έχω" (eho), which means "I have".

The participle is written with «ο» when no accent occurs on the penultimate syllable and with «ώ» when the accent is on the penultimate syllable.e.g. «λέγοντας», «τρώγοντας» and «μιλώντας», «τραγουδώντας».

Verb spelling - present endings[edit | edit source]

Verbs eding in :   are written with Examples Exceptions
-άβο / -αύω β Ανάβω : ignite, turn on

θάβω : bury

Ράβω : sew

Παύω : cease

Ψαύω : finger (ψηλαφώ, αγγίζω)

-έβο /-εύω ευ Κινδυνεύω: be in danger

παλεύω : struggle, wrestle

Κλέβω : steal

Σέβομαι : respect

-έο /-έω αι Κλαίω : cry 

Φταίω : wrong

Καίω : burn

Αναπνέω : respire 

Λέω : tell

Πλέω : float

Ρέω :flow

-ένο /-αίνω αι μπαίνω :enter

βγαίνω : exit

ανεβαίνω : ascend

Δένω : tie

Πλένω : wash

μένω :I remain

-έρνο / -έρνω ε Γδέρνω : flay

Φέρνω : bring

Παίρνω : take
-έρο  /-αίρω αι Χαίρω : nice

Συγχαίρω : congratulation

Εξαίρω : glorify

Ξέρω : know

Φέρω : bring, fetch 

-ιάζο / -ιάζω ι Αγκαλιάζω : embrace

Νευριάζω : nervous

Βιάζομαι : hurry

Μοιάζω : resemble

Αδειάζω : evacuate 

Χρειάζομαι : need

νοιάζομαι : care

The verbs ending in -ίζω form the participle

 with endings in -ισμένος, -ισμένη, -ισμένο.

-ίζο / -ίζω

ι ποτίζω : water, irrigate

γεμίζω : fill

δακρύζω : shed tears

γογγύζω : grouch, growl

δανείζω:  lend, αθροίζω

αθροίζω : sum up

πήζω :  congeal, set, etc

-λο / -λλω λλ ανατέλλω : rise, as for the sun

αναβάλλω : postpone

Θέλω : want

Οφείλω : owe      etc 

(with a single –λ– in simple past

and in all the tenses which are

formed based on simple past’s root)

-λό / -λώ

λ Αμελώ : let slide

Γελώ : laugh

Καλώ : called

Κολλώ : adhere
The verbs ending in -ώνω form the participle with

endings in -ωμένος, -ωμένη, -ωμένο.

-όνο / -ώνω

σιδερώνω (iron) –> σιδερωμένος

τελειώνω : finish

λερώνω : sully

θυμώνω : get angry

-σο /-σσω σσ  

Παρατάσσω : array, deploy

Αρέσω : be liked
-το / -ττω ττ Εισπράττω : collect

διαπράττω : perpetrate

Θέτω : pose 

Κείτομαι : repose

-ίνο  

-ίνω

-ήνω

-ύνω

 

 

Δίνω:, give,   κλίνω :

Αφήνω : let go

αμβλύνω : dull

απομακρύνω : remove 

-είνω  

Κλείνω : close

Τείνω : tend

Author[edit source]

Marianthi

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