Language/Dogri-individual-language/Pronunciation/Alphabet
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Currently, Devanagari is the officially recognised script for Dogri in India (see keyboard below).
Phonology[edit | edit source]
Vowels[edit | edit source]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | iː | uː | |
| Near-close | ɪ | ʊ | |
| Close-mid | eː | ə | oː |
| Open-mid | ɛː | ɔː | |
| Open | aː | ||
Consonants[edit | edit source]
| Labial | Dental/
Alveolar |
Retroflex | Post-alv./
Palatal |
Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Plosive/
Affricate |
voiceless | p | t̪ | ʈ | tʃ | k | |
| aspirated | pʰ | t̪ʰ | ʈʰ | tʃʰ | kʰ | ||
| voiced | b | d̪ | ɖ | dʒ | ɡ | ||
| Fricative | voiceless | (f) | s | ʃ | (x) | ||
| voiced | (z) | (ɣ) | ɦ | ||||
| Tap | ɾ | ɽ | |||||
| Approximant | ʋ | l | j | ||||
Equivalent in English[edit | edit source]
Vowels[edit | edit source]
| Devanagari | Transliteration | Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
| अ | a | as in about |
| आ | ā | as in father |
| इ | i | as in sit |
| ई | ī | as in elite |
| उ | u | as in put |
| ऊ | ū | as in flute |
| ए | e | long e as in German "zehn". It is not a diphthong; the tone does not fall. |
| ऐ | ai | as in Mail, sometimes a longer ए. In Eastern dialects as in bright (IPA ıj). |
| ओ | o | as in German Kohle, not a diphthong; tone does not fall. |
| औ | au | as in oxford. In Eastern dialects as in German lauft, or English town. |
Consonants[edit | edit source]
| Devanagari | Transliteration | Equivalent/Comments |
|---|---|---|
| क | k | as in skip. |
| ख | kh | as in sinkhole. |
| ग | g | as in go. |
| घ | gh | represents the 'k' or 'g'. |
| ङ | ṅ | as in sing. Used only in Sanskrit loan words, does not occur independently. |
| च | c | as in church. |
| छ | ch | as in pinchhit. |
| ज | j | as in jump. |
| झ | jh | represents the 'c' or 'j'. |
| ञ | ñ or y | It is pronounced similar to the Spanish 'ñ'in case of words of Sanskrit origin; also used to represent 'y' sound. |
| ट | ṭ | as in tick. Retroflex, but still a "hard" t sound similar to English. |
| ठ | ṭh | as in lighthouse. Retroflex |
| ड | ḍ | as in doom. Retroflex |
| ढ | ḍh | represents the 'ṭ' or 'ḍ'. |
| ण | ṇ | retroflex n. Used only in Sanskrit loan words. |
| ड़ | ṛ | |
| ढ़ | ṛh | |
| त | t | does not exist in English. more dental t, with a bit of a th sound. Softer than an English t. |
| थ | th | aspirated version of the previous letter, not as in thanks or the, but like pathetic |
| द | d | dental d. |
| ध | dh | represents the 't' or 'd'. |
| न | n | as in none. |
| प | p | as in spin. |
| फ | ph | as in uphill. |
| ब | b | as in be. |
| भ | bh | represents the 'p' or 'b'. |
| म | m | as in mere. |
| य | y | as in yet. |
| र | r | as in Spanish pero, a tongue trip. Don't roll as in Spanish rr, German or Scottish English. |
| ल | l | as in lean. |
| व | v | as in Spanish vaca, between English v and w, but without the lip rounding of an English w. (IPA: ʋ). |
| श | ś | as in shoot. |
| स | s | as in see. |
| ह | h | mostly silent. |
Devanāgarī Online Virtual Keyboard[edit | edit source]
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]