Language/Bashkir/Grammar/Comparative-and-Superlative

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BashkirGrammar0 to A1 Course → Adjectives and Adverbs → Comparative and Superlative

In Bashkir, as in English, adjectives can be used to compare different things. For example, you might say one thing is bigger than another, or that something is the biggest of all. In Bashkir, you create the comparative and superlative forms of adjectives by adding specific suffixes to the base form of the adjective.

Forming the Comparative

To form the comparative form of an adjective, typically you add the suffix -һаҡы to the base form. This suffix means "more" or "er" in English. Here are some examples:

Bashkir Pronunciation English
ыс [ɯs] tall
ыс-һаҡы [ɯs-ha.qɯ] taller
кең [keɣ] wide
кең-һаҡы [keɣ-ha.qɯ] wider
ирекле [ireklɛ] funny
ирекле-һаҡы [ireklɛ-ha.qɯ] funnier

As you can see from these examples, the suffix -һаҡы always follows the base form of the adjective directly. The last vowel in the base form may change depending on the vowel harmony rules of Bashkir.

Forming the Superlative

To form the superlative form of an adjective, typically you add the suffix -тырыу to the base form. This suffix means "most" or "est" in English. Here are some examples:

Bashkir Pronunciation English
ыс [ɯs] tall
ыс-тырыу [ɯs-tɯrju] tallest
кең [keɣ] wide
кең-тырыу [keɣ-tɯrju] widest
ирекле [ireklɛ] funny
ирекле-тырыу [ireklɛ-tɯrju] funniest

As with the comparative form, the superlative suffix -тырыу always follows the base form of the adjective directly. As with the comparative form, the last vowel in the base form may change depending on the vowel harmony rules of Bashkir.

Irregular Comparatives and Superlatives

Like in English, there are some adjectives in Bashkir that have irregular comparative and superlative forms. Here are some examples:

Bashkir Pronunciation Comparative Superlative English
ыйынтый [ɯjɯn.tɯj] ыйҡыш ыйынтыстығы good
керемет [kerɛmɛt] кереметтер кереметтештер great
уҡҡа [ukʲ.kɑ] уҡҡалы уҡҡаҙ many

As you can see from the table, the irregular comparative and superlative forms do not follow the usual pattern. You simply have to memorize them.

Using Comparatives and Superlatives

Once you know how to form comparatives and superlatives in Bashkir, you can use them to compare different things. Here are some example sentences:

  • Һөйләнәй, мондағы интернет-магазинен булдым беренче аңсаға буенча һабыл бар сатып алдым. "Sorry, I could not wait and bought the necessary goods from the online store on the first day with a discount."
  • Мондағы аңғаныңдан бері сугыш белән тытмашмак күккәртеп кенгертедәге була ренклеренең төбәлек һәр шәһәрдә ылтыҡ хийләх "Since last autumn, it has become fashionable to dye these colors, which resemble the autumn leaves with a touch of sadness, in every city."
  • Урам бәләүҙеңең икең нарҙо динәрҙен дәңә арасындағы аралыҡта һөл ачты. "On the way to the market, there was a snowdrift between the two hills, which was worth two and a half rubles."


In these sentences, you can see how the comparative and superlative adjectives are used to compare different things. Note that in Bashkir, the comparative and superlative adjectives come before the noun they modify, unlike in English where they come after.

Practice

Now that you know how to form comparatives and superlatives in Bashkir, try practicing on your own. Choose some common adjectives and try to create comparative and superlative forms for them. Then, try using them in sentences to compare different things. The more you practice, the better you will become!


Table of Contents - Bashkir Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Pronouns and Verb To Be


Numbers and Time


Plurals and Articles


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Eating


Regular Verbs


Travel and Transportation


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Bashkir Customs and Traditions


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]


Sources[edit | edit source]


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